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Modules and Packages

Code organization is crucial for maintaining and reusing code efficiently. We'll explore how Python's modules and packages help us achieve this.


Module Definition and Creation

A module is a self-contained Python file that holds code elements like variables, functions, and classes. Modules keep code organized and maintainable.

  • Creating Modules

    • We'll create a module (e.g., math_operations.py) with functions (e.g., add and subtract) and demonstrate how to use it in another Python script.

    Example Code:

    # name of file: math_operations.py
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b
    # name of file: main.py
import math_operations

result_add = math_operations.add(5, 3)
result_subtract = math_operations.subtract(10, 4)

Built-in Modules

Python offers built-in modules for various tasks. These modules provide specialized functions for common operations.

  • Using the math Module

    • We'll use the math module to calculate the square root of a number, showcasing how built-in modules save coding time.

    Example Code:

    import math

result_sqrt = math.sqrt(16)

Organizing Code with Packages

  • What are Packages?

    • Packages are directories that group related modules together, making it easier to manage larger projects.

  • Creating and Using Packages

    • We'll create a package (e.g., mypackage) with multiple modules and illustrate how to use the modules within the package.

    Example Code:

    mypackage/  # folder name
├── __init__.py  # file 
├── module1.py   # file 
├── module2.py   # file 
    # name of file: main.py
from mypackage import module1, module2

result1 = module1.some_function()
result2 = module2.another_function()

Selective Imports

Python allows us to import only the specific functions or variables we need from a module. This reduces memory usage and enhances code clarity.

Example Code:

from math_operations import add

result_add = add(8, 2)
from math_operations import subtract

result_subtract = subtract(15, 5)

Additional Resource:


CHALLENGE TIME!!!

You are tasked with creating a module that calculates the area of a circle based on its radius. You should import this module and use it to find the area of a circle with a radius of 5.


Example Code:

# name of file: square_area.py

def calculate_area(side):
    return side * side
# name of file: main.py
from square_area import calculate_area

side = 5
area = calculate_area(side)