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pythonbasic11.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-theme="light"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"><title>Python基础语法（十一）数据序列——推导式 | BEIDAO.</title><meta name="keywords" content="Python语法"><meta name="author" content="Beidaos"><meta name="copyright" content="Beidaos"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#C6B3B1"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Python基础语法（十一）数据序列——推导式"><meta name="application-name" content="Python基础语法（十一）数据序列——推导式"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"><link rel="bookmark" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1136x640.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_640x1136.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2688x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1792x828.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1125x2436.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_828x1792.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2436x1125.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1242x2208.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2208x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1334x750.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_750x1334.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:1024px) and (device-height:1366px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2732x2048.png"><meta name="description" content="目标 列表推导式 字典推导式 集合推导式 推导式是用来从一个序列（例如列表、元组或集合）中快速生成另一个序列。 推导式可简化代码抒写。 列表推导式 作用：用一个表达式创建一个有规律的列表或控制一个有规律列表。 列表推导式又叫列表生成式。 示例 需求：创建一个0-10的列表。 while循环实现 # 1.准备一个空列表list1 = []# 2.书写循环，依次追加数字到空列表">
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<meta property="og:description" content="目标 列表推导式 字典推导式 集合推导式 推导式是用来从一个序列（例如列表、元组或集合）中快速生成另一个序列。 推导式可简化代码抒写。 列表推导式 作用：用一个表达式创建一个有规律的列表或控制一个有规律列表。 列表推导式又叫列表生成式。 示例 需求：创建一个0-10的列表。 while循环实现 # 1.准备一个空列表list1 = []# 2.书写循环，依次追加数字到空列表">
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class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow noreferrer"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-bars"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><div id="post-firstinfo"><div class="meta-firstline"><a class="post-meta-original">原创</a><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-inbox post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="categories/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/">Python语法</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><a class="article-meta__tags" href="tags/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/"><span><i class="iconfont icon-Tags"></i>Python语法</span></a></span></div></div><h1 class="post-title">Python基础语法（十一）数据序列——推导式</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><i class="iconfont icon-zuozhe"></i><span class="post-meta-author">安志</span><span class="post-meta-date"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-calendar-days post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-05-25T11:25:17.000Z" title="发表于 2023-05-25 19:25:17">2023-05-25</time><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2024-03-01T06:59:44.309Z" title="更新于 2024-03-01 14:59:44">2024-03-01</time></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-file-word post-meta-icon" title="文章字数"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="文章字数">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count" title="文章字数">791</span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-clock post-meta-icon" title="阅读时长"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="阅读时长">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-position" title="作者IP属地为北京"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-location-dot"></i>北京</span></div></div></div><section class="main-hero-waves-area waves-area"><svg class="waves-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 24 150 28" preserveAspectRatio="none" shape-rendering="auto"><defs><path id="gentle-wave" d="M -160 44 c 30 0 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 s 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 v 44 h -352 Z"></path></defs><g class="parallax"><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="0"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="3"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="5"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="7"></use></g></svg></section><div id="post-top-cover"><img class="nolazyload" id="post-top-bg" src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@main/博客站点配图/python-logo.6puefdh4wtk0.png"></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="目标">目标</h1>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>列表推导式</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>字典推导式</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>集合推导式</p>
<p>推导式是用来从一个序列（例如列表、元组或集合）中快速生成另一个序列。</p>
<p>推导式可简化代码抒写。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="列表推导式">列表推导式</h1>
<p>作用：用一个表达式<mark>创建一个有规律的列表</mark>或<mark>控制一个有规律列表</mark>。</p>
<p>列表推导式又叫列表生成式。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<p>需求：创建一个0-10的列表。</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>while循环实现</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.准备一个空列表</span></span><br><span class="line">list1 = []</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.书写循环，依次追加数字到空列表list1中</span></span><br><span class="line">i = <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> i < <span class="number">10</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> list1.append(i)</span><br><span class="line"> i += <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>for循环实现</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = []</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">10</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> list1.append(i)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p><mark>列表推导式实现</mark></p>
<p><font color=red><code>列表推导式语法结构-- [返回对象 for 临时变量i in 序列]</code></font></p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [i <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">10</span>)] <span class="comment"># for语句前面的为返回对象i</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="带if的列表推导式">带if的列表推导式</h2>
<p>需求：创建0-10的偶数列表</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>方法一：range()步长实现</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [i <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">2</span>)]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>方法二：if实现</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [i <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">10</span>) <span class="keyword">if</span> i % <span class="number">2</span> == <span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="多个for循环实现列表推导式">多个for循环实现列表推导式</h3>
<p>需求：创建列表如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>代码如下：</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [(i, j) <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">3</span>) <span class="keyword">for</span> j <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">3</span>)]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>range(开始，结束)，不会遍历到结束</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="字典推导式">字典推导式</h1>
<p>思考：如果有如下两个列表：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="string">'name'</span>, <span class="string">'age'</span>, <span class="string">'gender'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'Tom'</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="string">'man'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如何快速合并为一个字典？</p>
<p>答：字典推导式</p>
<p>字典推导式作用：快速合并列表为字典或提取字典中目标数据。</p>
<h2 id="示例-2">示例</h2>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>创建一个字典：字典key是1-5数字，value是这个数字的2次方。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># dict1 = {k: v for i in range(1,5)</span></span><br><span class="line">dict1 = {i: i**<span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(dict1) <span class="comment"># {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>将两个列表合并为一个字典</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 列表数据个数一致时：</span></span><br><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="string">'name'</span>, <span class="string">'age'</span>, <span class="string">'gender'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'Tom'</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="string">'man'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">dict1 = {list1[i]: list2[i] <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(list1))}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(dict1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 列表数据个数不一致时：</span></span><br><span class="line">list3 = [<span class="string">'name'</span>, <span class="string">'age'</span>, <span class="string">'gender'</span>, <span class="string">'id'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list4 = [<span class="string">'Tom'</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="string">'man'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="built_in">len</span>(list3)><span class="built_in">len</span>(list4):</span><br><span class="line"> lens = <span class="built_in">len</span>(list4)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> lens = <span class="built_in">len</span>(list3)</span><br><span class="line">dict2 = {list3[i]: list4[j] <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, lens) <span class="keyword">for</span> j <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, lens)}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(dict2)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="3">
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>提取字典中目标数据</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">counts = {<span class="string">'MBP'</span>: <span class="number">268</span>, <span class="string">'HP'</span>: <span class="number">125</span>, <span class="string">'DELL'</span>: <span class="number">201</span>, <span class="string">'Lenovo'</span>: <span class="number">199</span>, <span class="string">'acer'</span>: <span class="number">99</span>}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 需求：提取上述电脑数量大于等于200的字典数据</span></span><br><span class="line">count1 = {key: value <span class="keyword">for</span> key, value <span class="keyword">in</span> counts.items() <span class="keyword">if</span> value >= <span class="number">200</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(count1) <span class="comment"># {'MBP': 268, 'DELL': 201}</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="集合推导式">集合推导式</h1>
<p>需求：创建一个集合，数据为下方列表的2次方。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>]</span><br><span class="line">set1 = {i ** <span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> list1}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(set1) <span class="comment"># {1, 4}</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：集合<mark>有数据去重功能。</mark></p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="总结">总结</h1>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>推导式的作用：简化代码</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>推导式写法</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 列表推导式</span></span><br><span class="line">[xx <span class="keyword">for</span> xx <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>()]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 字典推导式</span></span><br><span class="line">{xx1: xx2 <span class="keyword">for</span> ... <span class="keyword">in</span> ...}</span><br><span class="line">dict1.items()/dict1.keys()/dict1.values()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 集合推导式</span></span><br><span class="line">{xx <span class="keyword">for</span> xx <span class="keyword">in</span> ...}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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setTimeout(function () {
copyImage(imgsrc);
anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制成功！图片已添加盲水印，请遵守版权协议");
rm.downloadimging = false;
}, "10000");
}
};
function imageToBlob(imageURL) {
const img = new Image();
const c = document.createElement("canvas");
const ctx = c.getContext("2d");
img.crossOrigin = "";
img.src = imageURL;
return new Promise(resolve => {
img.onload = function () {
c.width = this.naturalWidth;
c.height = this.naturalHeight;
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0);
c.toBlob(
blob => {
// here the image is a blob
resolve(blob);
},
"image/png",
0.75
);
};
});
}
async function copyImage(imageURL) {
const blob = await imageToBlob(imageURL);
const item = new ClipboardItem({ "image/png": blob });
navigator.clipboard.write([item]);
}
rm.switchDarkMode = function () {
// Switch Between Light And Dark Mode