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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-theme="light"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"><title>Python基础语法（十六）文件操作 | BEIDAO.</title><meta name="keywords" content="Python语法"><meta name="author" content="Beidaos"><meta name="copyright" content="Beidaos"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#C6B3B1"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Python基础语法（十六）文件操作"><meta name="application-name" content="Python基础语法（十六）文件操作"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"><link rel="bookmark" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1136x640.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_640x1136.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2688x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1792x828.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1125x2436.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_828x1792.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2436x1125.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1242x2208.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2208x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1334x750.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_750x1334.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:1024px) and (device-height:1366px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2732x2048.png"><meta name="description" content="课程：文件操作 目标 文件操作的作用 文件的基本操作 打开 读写 关闭 文件备份 文件和文件夹的操作 一. 文件操作的作用 思考：什么是文件？ 思考：文件操作包含什么？ 答：打开、关闭、读、写、复制… 思考：文件操作的的作用是什么？ 答：读取内容、写入内容、备份内容… 总结：文件操作的作用就是把一些内容(数据)存储存放起来，可以让程序下一次执行的时候直接使用，而不必重新">
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class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow noreferrer"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-bars"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><div id="post-firstinfo"><div class="meta-firstline"><a class="post-meta-original">原创</a><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-inbox post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="categories/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/">Python语法</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><a class="article-meta__tags" href="tags/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/"><span><i class="iconfont icon-Tags"></i>Python语法</span></a></span></div></div><h1 class="post-title">Python基础语法（十六）文件操作</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><i class="iconfont icon-zuozhe"></i><span class="post-meta-author">安志</span><span class="post-meta-date"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-calendar-days post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-06-09T11:25:17.000Z" title="发表于 2023-06-09 19:25:17">2023-06-09</time><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2024-03-01T07:00:01.944Z" title="更新于 2024-03-01 15:00:01">2024-03-01</time></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-file-word post-meta-icon" title="文章字数"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="文章字数">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count" title="文章字数">4.5k</span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-clock post-meta-icon" title="阅读时长"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="阅读时长">阅读时长:</span><span>16分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-position" title="作者IP属地为北京"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-location-dot"></i>北京</span></div></div></div><section class="main-hero-waves-area waves-area"><svg class="waves-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 24 150 28" preserveAspectRatio="none" shape-rendering="auto"><defs><path id="gentle-wave" d="M -160 44 c 30 0 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 s 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 v 44 h -352 Z"></path></defs><g class="parallax"><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="0"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="3"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="5"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="7"></use></g></svg></section><div id="post-top-cover"><img class="nolazyload" id="post-top-bg" src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@main/博客站点配图/python-logo.6puefdh4wtk0.png"></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="课程：文件操作">课程：文件操作</h1>
<h1 id="目标">目标</h1>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件操作的作用</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件的基本操作</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">打开</li>
<li class="lvl-4">读写</li>
<li class="lvl-4">关闭</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件备份</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件和文件夹的操作</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="一-文件操作的作用">一. 文件操作的作用</h1>
<p>思考：什么是文件？</p>
<img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/1.jpg" style="zoom:67%;" />
<p>思考：文件操作包含什么？</p>
<p>答：打开、关闭、读、写、复制…</p>
<p>思考：文件操作的的作用是什么？</p>
<p>答：读取内容、写入内容、备份内容…</p>
<blockquote>
<p>总结：文件操作的作用就是<mark>把一些内容(数据)存储存放起来，可以让程序下一次执行的时候直接使用，而不必重新制作一份，省时省力</mark>。</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="二-文件的基本操作">二. 文件的基本操作</h1>
<p><strong><font color='red'>文件内数据要求为字符串类型,即要求写入的数据为字符串类型</font></strong></p>
<h2 id="2-1-文件操作步骤">2.1 文件操作步骤</h2>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>打开文件，如果文件不存在，则会新建文件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>读写等操作</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>关闭文件(如果不关闭,文件会一直占用内存)</p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：可以只打开和关闭文件，不进行任何读写操作。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 打开文件open()</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 读写操作 write() read()</span></span><br><span class="line">f.write(<span class="string">'aaa'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关闭文件 close()</span></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-1-1-打开open-name-mode">2.1.1 打开open(name,mode)</h3>
<p>在python，使用open函数，可以打开一个已经存在的文件，或者创建一个新文件，语法如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">open</span>(name, mode)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>==name：==是要打开的目标文件名的字符串(可以包含文件所在的具体路径)。写路径也需要按照字符串形式来写。</p>
<p>mode：设置打开文件的模式(访问模式)：<strong>只读、写入、追加</strong>等。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-1-1-打开文件模式mode">2.1.1.1 打开文件模式mode</h4>
<p><strong><font color='red'>文件内数据要求为字符串类型,即要求写入的数据为字符串类型</font></strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">模式</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>r</mark></td>
<td>以只读方式打开文件。文件的指针将会放在文件的开头。这是<strong>默认模式</strong>。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">rb</td>
<td>以<strong>二进制格式</strong>打开一个文件用于只读。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。这是默认模式。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">r+</td>
<td>打开一个文件<strong>用于读写</strong>。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">rb+</td>
<td>以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>w</mark></td>
<td>打开一个文件只用于写入。<mark>如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除（执行写入，会覆盖原有内容）。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">wb</td>
<td>以<strong>二进制格式</strong>打开一个文件只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">w+</td>
<td>打开一个文件<strong>用于读写</strong>。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。<mark>w+未执行写入，则写入内容为空，会将原来文件数据覆盖掉。</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">wb+</td>
<td>以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>a</mark></td>
<td>打开一个文件用于追加。<mark>如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也 就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后（在原有内容基础上，追加新内容）。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">ab</td>
<td>以<strong>二进制格式</strong>打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">a+</td>
<td>打开一个文件<strong>用于读写</strong>。如果该文件已存在，文件指针 将会放在文件的结尾。文件打开时会是追加模式。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。无论怎样，文件都无法读取（因为文件指针在文件的结尾）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">ab+</td>
<td>以二进制格式打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><mark>注意：</mark></p>
<blockquote>
<p>访问模式r w a特点：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>r——如果文件不存在，报错；不支持写入操作，表示只读。</p>
<p>w——只写,如果文件不存在，新建文件；执行写入，会覆盖原有内容</p>
<p>a——追加，如果文件不存在， 新建文件；在原有内容基础上，追加新内容</p>
<p>访问模式如果省略表示访问模式为</p>
</blockquote>
<p>访问模式中，如果后缀带b，就是以二进制格式打开文件；如果后缀带+，访问的文件可读可写。</p>
<p>访问模式：rb、r+、rb+中必须遵循主访问模式r的特点；wb、w+、wb+和ab、a+、ab+同理。</p>
<p>访问模式r（包括rb、r+、rb+）或w（包括wb、w+、wb+）——文件的指针将会放在文件的开头。</p>
<p>访问模式a（包括ab、a+、ab+）——文件的指针将会放在文件的结尾。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>示例1：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">测试目标</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">1.访问模式对文件的影响</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">2.访问模式对write()的影响</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">3.访问模式是否可以省略</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># r:如果文件不存在，报错；不支持写入操作，表示只读。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f1 = open('test1 .txt', 'r')</span></span><br><span class="line">f1 = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'r'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f1.write(<span class="string">'ee'</span>) <span class="comment">#</span></span><br><span class="line">f1.close()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># w：只写,如果文件不存在，新建文件；执行写入，会覆盖原有内容</span></span><br><span class="line">f2 = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'1.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f2.write(<span class="string">'bb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f2.write(<span class="string">'cc'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f2.close()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># a:追加，如果文件不存在， 新键文件；在原有内容基础上，追加新内容</span></span><br><span class="line">f3 = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'2.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f3.write(<span class="string">'bbb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f3.write(<span class="string">'xyz'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f3.close()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 访问模式是否可以省略,如果省略表示访问模式为r</span></span><br><span class="line">f4 = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'1.txt'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f4.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>示例2：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">测试目标：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">1.r+ 和 w+ a+区别:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">2.文件指针对数据读取的影响</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># r+:如果没有该文件则报错;文件指针在开头，所以能读取出来数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f = open('test1.txt', 'r+')</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'r+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># w+: 如果没有该文件会新建文件；w+特点：文件指针在开头，用新内容覆盖原内容</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f.write(<span class="string">'aa'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f.seek(<span class="number">0</span>) <span class="comment"># 将文件指针移动到文件开头，此时可读取文件</span></span><br><span class="line">con = f.read()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(con)</span><br><span class="line">f.close</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># w+未执行写入，则写入内容为空，会将原来文件数据覆盖掉</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># a+: 如果没有该文件会新建文件；a+特点：文件指针在结尾，无法读取数据(文件指针后面没有数据）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f = open('test2.txt', 'a+')</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'a+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f.seek(0) # 将文件指针移动到文件开头，此时可读取文件</span></span><br><span class="line">con = f.read()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(con)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>问题</strong>:执行w+代码为什么读取不到文件数据？</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># w+:没有该文件则会新建文件;文件指针在开头，用新内容会覆盖原内容；w+未执行写入，则写入内容为空，会将原来文件数据覆盖掉</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">f.write(<span class="string">'aa'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">con = f.read()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(con)</span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 在你写入数据后，文件指针已经移动到了文件的末尾。当你尝试读取时，由于文件指针已经在末尾，所以无法读取到任何数据。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-1-2-快速体验">2.1.1.2 快速体验</h4>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：此时的<code>f</code>是<code>open</code>函数的文件对象。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="2-1-2-文件对象方法">2.1.2 文件对象方法</h3>
<h5 id="2-1-2-1-写——-文件对象-write-‘内容’">2.1.2.1 写—— 文件对象.write(‘内容’)</h5>
<p><strong><font color='red'>文件内数据要求为字符串类型,即要求写入的数据为字符串类型</font></strong></p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>语法</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.write(<span class="string">'内容'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>体验</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1. 打开文件</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.文件写入</span></span><br><span class="line">f.write(<span class="string">'hello world'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3. 关闭文件</span></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：</p>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3"><code>w </code>和<code>a</code>模式：如果文件不存在则创建该文件；如果文件存在，<code>w</code>模式先清空再写入，<code>a</code>模式直接末尾追加。</li>
<li class="lvl-3"><code>r</code>模式：如果文件不存在则报错。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h5 id="2-1-2-2-读">2.1.2.2 读</h5>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p><strong>read()</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.read(num)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>num表示要从文件中读取的数据的长度（单位是字节），如果没有传入num，那么就表示读取文件中所有的数据。</p>
<p>文件内容如果换行，底层有\n,会占一个字节，不会打印出来。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">text.txt文件数据如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">aa</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">bb</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">cc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">dd</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">ee</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">ff</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># 文件内容如果换行，底层有\n,会占一个字节，不会打印出来。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'r'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(f.read(<span class="number">4</span>)) <span class="comment"># 读取到的结果： aa b</span></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</blockquote>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>readlines()</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>readlines可以按照行的方式把整个文件中的内容<strong>进行一次性读取</strong>，并且<strong>返回的是一个列表</strong>，其中<strong>每一行的数据为一个元素</strong>。如果数据中有换行符，会打印出来。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">content = f.readlines()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># ['hello world\n', 'abcdefg\n', 'aaa\n', 'bbb\n', 'ccc'] </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(content)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关闭文件</span></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>readline()</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>readline()一次读取一行内容。</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">content = f.readline()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">f'第一行：<span class="subst">{content}</span>'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">content = f.readline()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">f'第二行：<span class="subst">{content}</span>'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关闭文件</span></span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190222105332438.png" alt="image-20190222105332438"></p>
<h5 id="2-1-2-3-seek">2.1.2.3 seek()</h5>
<p>作用：<mark>用来移动文件指针。</mark></p>
<p>语法如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.seek(偏移量, 起始位置)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>偏移量：表示指针从起始位置偏移多少–开始读取。</p>
<p>起始位置：</p>
<ul class="lvl-1">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>0：文件开头</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>1：当前位置</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>2：文件结尾</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">语法： 文件对象.seek(偏移量，起始位置） 0开头 1当前 2结尾</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">目标：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 1，r改变文件指针位置；改变读取数据开始位置或把文件指针放在结尾（无法读取数据）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 2，a 改变文件指针位置，做到可以读取出来数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f = open('test.txt', 'r+')</span></span><br><span class="line">f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'test.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'a+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.改变读取数据开始位置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f.seek(3, 0) # f.seek(3, 1)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.把文件指针放在结尾（无法读取数据）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># f.seek(0, 2)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">f.seek(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) <span class="comment"># 省略写法f.seek(0)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">con = f.read()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(con)</span><br><span class="line">f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-1-3-关闭——文件对象-close">2.1.3 关闭——文件对象.close()</h3>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="三-文件备份">三. 文件备份</h1>
<p>需求：用户输入当前目录下任意文件名，程序完成对该文件的备份功能(备份文件名为xx[备份]后缀，例如：test[备份].txt)。</p>
<h2 id="3-1-步骤">3.1 步骤</h2>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>接收用户输入的文件名</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>规划备份文件名</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>备份文件写入数据</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="3-2-代码实现">3.2 代码实现</h2>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>接收用户输入目标文件名</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">old_name = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入您要备份的文件名：'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>规划备份文件名</p>
<p>2.1 提取目标文件后缀</p>
<p>2.2 组织备份的文件名，xx[备份]后缀</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.1 提取文件后缀点的下标</span></span><br><span class="line">index = old_name.rfind(<span class="string">'.'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(index) # 后缀中.的下标</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(old_name[:index]) # 源文件名（无后缀）</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.2 组织新文件名 旧文件名 + [备份] + 后缀</span></span><br><span class="line">new_name = old_name[:index] + <span class="string">'[备份]'</span> + old_name[index:]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 打印新文件名（带后缀）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(new_name)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="3">
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>备份文件写入数据</p>
<p>3.1 打开源文件 和 备份文件</p>
<p>3.2 将源文件数据写入备份文件</p>
<p>3.3 关闭文件</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.1 打开文件</span></span><br><span class="line">old_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(old_name, <span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="comment"># 提前把原文件准备好</span></span><br><span class="line">new_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(new_name, <span class="string">'wb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.2 将源文件数据写入备份文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">True</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> con = old_f.read(<span class="number">1024</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="built_in">len</span>(con) == <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> new_f.write(con)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.3 关闭文件</span></span><br><span class="line">old_f.close()</span><br><span class="line">new_f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3-3-思考">3.3 思考</h2>
<p>如果用户输入<code>.txt</code>，这是一个无效文件，程序如何更改才能限制只有有效的文件名才能备份？</p>
<p>答：添加条件判断即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">old_name = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入您要备份的文件名：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">index = old_name.rfind(<span class="string">'.'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> index > <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> postfix = old_name[index:]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">new_name = old_name[:index] + <span class="string">'[备份]'</span> + postfix</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">old_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(old_name, <span class="string">'rb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">new_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(new_name, <span class="string">'wb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">True</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> con = old_f.read(<span class="number">1024</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="built_in">len</span>(con) == <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> new_f.write(con)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">old_f.close()</span><br><span class="line">new_f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>自己敲：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.接收用户输入的文件名</span></span><br><span class="line">old_name = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入您要需要备份的文件名：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(old_name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(type(old_name)) # 字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.规划备份文件名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.1 提取目标文件的后缀--找到文件名字中的点--文件名字和后缀分离--最右侧的点才是后缀的点--字符串查找某个子串--语法:序列名.rfind()</span></span><br><span class="line">index = old_name.rfind(<span class="string">'.'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(index)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.2 组织新名字 = 原名字 + [备份] + 后缀</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 原名字就是字符串中的一部分子串--字符串切片[开始：结束：步长</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 提取原名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># old_name[:index]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(old_name[:index]) # old_name[:index]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 提取后缀</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># old_name[index:]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(old_name[index:])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> index > <span class="number">0</span>: <span class="comment"># 判断文件名是否有效？有效的文件名才能备份</span></span><br><span class="line"> postfix = old_name[index:]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 组合新名字</span></span><br><span class="line">new_name = old_name[:index] + <span class="string">'[备份]'</span> + postfix</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(new_name)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.备份文件写入数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.1 打开文件</span></span><br><span class="line">old_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(old_name, <span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="comment"># 提前把原文件准备好</span></span><br><span class="line">new_f = <span class="built_in">open</span>(new_name, <span class="string">'ab'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.2 源文件读取，备份文件追加写入</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 如果不确定目标文件大小，循环读取写入；当读取出来的数据没有了则终止循环</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">True</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 这段代码是按照每次读取 1024 字节的方式来处理文件的，直到文件结束。</span></span><br><span class="line"> con = old_f.read(<span class="number">1024</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 表示从 old_f 文件对象中读取最多 1024 个字节的数据。如果文件中还有剩余的字节，就会成功读取并返回这些字节的内容。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 但如果文件已经到达末尾，就无法再读取更多数据，此时将返回一个空字符串 ''。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="built_in">len</span>(con) == <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 读取完成</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> new_f.write(con) <span class="comment"># 应该把old_f文件数据追加到new_f</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.3 关闭文件</span></span><br><span class="line">old_f.close()</span><br><span class="line">new_f.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="四-文件和文件夹的操作">四. 文件和文件夹的操作</h1>
<p>在Python中文件和文件夹的操作要借助os模块里面的相关功能，具体步骤如下：</p>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>导入os模块</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>使用<code>os</code>模块相关功能</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.函数名()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-1-文件重命名">4.1 文件重命名</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.rename(目标文件名, 新文件名)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-2-删除文件">4.2 删除文件</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.remove(目标文件名)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-3-创建文件夹">4.3 创建文件夹</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.mkdir(文件夹名字)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-4-删除文件夹">4.4 删除文件夹</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.rmdir(文件夹名字)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-5-获取当前目录">4.5 获取当前目录</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.getcwd() <span class="comment"># 获取当前文件所在目录路径</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-6-改变默认目录">4.6 改变默认目录</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.chdir(目录) <span class="comment"># 改变目录路径/切换目录</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-7-获取目录列表">4.7 获取目录列表</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.listdir(目录) <span class="comment">#获取某个文件夹下所有文件名，返回一个列表</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># gercwd(）获取当前文件所在目录路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(os.getcwd()) </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># chdir()改变目录路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 需求：在aa里面创建bb文件夹：1.切换目录到aa, 2.创建bb</span></span><br><span class="line">os.mkdir(<span class="string">'aa'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">os.chdir(<span class="string">'aa'</span>) <span class="comment"># 切换目录到aa</span></span><br><span class="line">os.mkdir(<span class="string">'bb'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># listdir()获取某个文件夹下所有文件名，返回一个列表</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(os.listdir(<span class="string">'aa'</span>))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(os.listdir())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="五-应用案例">五.应用案例</h1>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">需求1:把从code文件夹所有文件重命名Python_xxx</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 1.找到所有文件；切换到aa文件夹--chdir() 找到其目录列表--listdir()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 2.构造名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 3.重命名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.找到所有文件；切换到aa文件夹--chdir() 找到其目录列表--listdir()</span></span><br><span class="line">os.chdir(<span class="string">'aaa'</span>) <span class="comment"># 切换到当前目录</span></span><br><span class="line">flie_list = os.listdir()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(flie_list)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.构造名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> flie_list:</span><br><span class="line"> new_name = <span class="string">'Python_'</span> + i</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.重命名</span></span><br><span class="line"> os.rename(i, new_name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>需求2：批量修改文件名，既可添加指定字符串，又能删除指定字符串。</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>步骤</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>设置添加删除字符串的的标识</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>获取指定目录的所有文件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>将原有文件名添加/删除指定字符串，构造新名字</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>os.rename()重命名</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>代码</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 设置重命名标识：如果为1则添加指定字符，flag取值为2则删除指定字符</span></span><br><span class="line">flag = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 获取指定目录</span></span><br><span class="line">dir_name = <span class="string">'./'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 获取指定目录的文件列表</span></span><br><span class="line">file_list = os.listdir(dir_name)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(file_list)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 遍历文件列表内的文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> name <span class="keyword">in</span> file_list:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 添加指定字符</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> flag == <span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> new_name = <span class="string">'Python-'</span> + name</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 删除指定字符</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">elif</span> flag == <span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> num = <span class="built_in">len</span>(<span class="string">'Python-'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> new_name = name[num:]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 打印新文件名，测试程序正确性</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(new_name)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 重命名</span></span><br><span class="line"> os.rename(dir_name+name, dir_name+new_name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根据视频写：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">需求2;删除Python_ 重命名：1.构造调节的数据 2.书写if</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">flag = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.找到所有文件；切换到aa文件夹--chdir() 找到其目录列表--listdir()</span></span><br><span class="line">os.chdir(<span class="string">'aaa'</span>) <span class="comment"># 切换到当前目录</span></span><br><span class="line">flie_list = os.listdir()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(flie_list)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.构造名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> flie_list:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> flag == <span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> new_name = <span class="string">'Python_'</span> + i</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">elif</span> flag ==<span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 删除前缀</span></span><br><span class="line"> num = <span class="built_in">len</span>(<span class="string">'Python_'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 原名字就是字符串中的一部分子串 --字符串切片[开始：结束：步长]</span></span><br><span class="line"> new_name = i[num:] <span class="comment"># 切片，只取原名字字符串Python_后面部分</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3.重命名</span></span><br><span class="line"> os.rename(i, new_name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="六-总结">六. 总结</h1>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件操作步骤</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">打开</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象 = <span class="built_in">open</span>(目标文件, 访问模式)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">
<p>操作</p>
<ul class="lvl-4">
<li class="lvl-6">读</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.read()</span><br><span class="line">文件对象.readlines()</span><br><span class="line">文件对象.readline()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-4">
<li class="lvl-6">
<p>写</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.write()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-4">
<li class="lvl-6">
<p>seek()</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-4">
<p>关闭</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件对象.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>主访问模式</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">w：写，文件不存在则新建该文件</li>
<li class="lvl-4">r：读，文件不存在则报错</li>
<li class="lvl-4">a：追加</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>文件和文件夹操作</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">重命名：os.rename()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">获取当前目录：os.getcwd()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">获取目录列表：os.listdir()</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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href="#%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-text">课程：文件操作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-text">目标</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">一. 文件操作的作用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-text">二. 文件的基本操作</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4"><span class="toc-text">2.1 文件操作步骤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-1-%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80open-name-mode"><span class="toc-text">2.1.1 打开open(name,mode)</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-1-1-%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8Fmode"><span class="toc-text">2.1.1.1 打开文件模式mode</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-1-2-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C"><span class="toc-text">2.1.1.2 快速体验</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-2-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">2.1.2 文件对象方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-2-1-%E5%86%99%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1-write-%E2%80%98%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E2%80%99"><span class="toc-text">2.1.2.1 写—— 文件对象.write(‘内容’)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-2-2-%E8%AF%BB"><span class="toc-text">2.1.2.2 读</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-2-3-seek"><span class="toc-text">2.1.2.3 seek()</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-3-%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1-close"><span class="toc-text">2.1.3 关闭——文件对象.close()</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD"><span class="toc-text">三. 文件备份</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4"><span class="toc-text">3.1 步骤</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-text">3.2 代码实现</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83"><span class="toc-text">3.3 思考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-text">四. 文件和文件夹的操作</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E9%87%8D%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-text">4.1 文件重命名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-text">4.2 删除文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9"><span class="toc-text">4.3 创建文件夹</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-4-%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9"><span class="toc-text">4.4 删除文件夹</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-5-%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="toc-text">4.5 获取当前目录</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-6-%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="toc-text">4.6 改变默认目录</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-7-%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-text">4.7 获取目录列表</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%94-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-text">五.应用案例</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%AD-%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-text">六. 总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="" title="卷积神经网络-CNN"><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" 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