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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title itemprop="name">关于 OAuth2 - 真白的年轮面包</title>
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<h1 class="entry-title">关于 OAuth2</h1>
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<h1 id="oauth-2-是个啥">OAuth 2 是个啥</h1>
<p>OAuth 2 是一套用于授权的协议，但本身没有验证和用户管理的功能<br>
OAuth2 用于帮助 身份提供者 做权限认证</p>
<h1 id="角色与流程">角色与流程</h1>
<h2 id="角色">角色</h2>
<p>整个过程共有以下角色参与</p>
<ul>
<li>用户：一个具体的人或组织</li>
<li>客户端：需要访问资源的客户端，由用户来操作</li>
<li>授权服务器：身份验证的服务器，认证客户端并授权</li>
<li>资源服务器：存储资源的服务器，上面有客户端希望获取的内容</li>
</ul>
<p>以一个常见场景举例说明 —— 通过 微博 一键登录 百度网盘：</p>
<ol>
<li>首先我要有 微博 账号并且登录</li>
<li>我在 百度网盘 中点击 通过微博登录</li>
<li>会跳转到 微博的授权页面，询问是否允许 百度网盘 获取我微博的 昵称、头像信息</li>
<li>我点击允许后，百度网盘 从微博获取我的 昵称、头像等账号信息</li>
<li>自动跳转到 百度网盘页面并成功登录</li>
</ol>
<p>上面的例子中：</p>
<p>用户：我</p>
<p>客户端：百度网盘（是它要获取我微博的昵称和头像）</p>
<p>授权服务器：微博（它向我询问是否授权给百度网盘）</p>
<p>资源服务器：微博（存储我的昵称、头像信息）</p>
<h2 id="大致流程">大致流程</h2>
<p>根据上面的例子，可以把流程抽象出来</p>
<ol>
<li>客户端 向 授权服务器发起授权请求</li>
<li>授权服务器 向 客户端返回 授权码</li>
<li>客户端 携带 授权码请求 资源服务器</li>
<li>资源服务器 将 客户端 需要的信息提供给 客户端</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="四种授权许可方式">四种授权许可方式</h1>
<p>为什么上面会说是 大致流程呢？</p>
<p>因为客户端 从 授权服务器 获取 授权码 的过程有四种不同的方式</p>
<h2 id="授权码">授权码</h2>
<p>特点：功能最完整，流程最严密，通常外部服务都会通过这种方式来授权</p>
<p>客户端 向 授权服务器发起获取 授权码 code 的请求<br>
请求内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th><th>字段内容</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>client_id</td><td>用于识别向哪个应用授权</td><td>唯一的应用id</td></tr>
<tr><td>redirect_uri</td><td>用于表示授权成功后的跳转页面</td><td>url</td></tr>
<tr><td>response_type</td><td>表示授权后客户端返回的类型</td><td>固定值 code 表示获取授权码</td></tr>
<tr><td>state</td><td>用于客户端验证 验证服务器 的身份，防止中间人攻击</td><td>随机字符串</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>授权服务器 响应 客户端 请求，发送 code 给 客户端<br>
响应内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>code</td><td>授权码</td></tr>
<tr><td>state</td><td>与请求内容时发送的内容相同，用于防止中间人攻击</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>客户端 向 授权服务器 发起请求，请求 accesstoken 和 refreshtoken<br>
请求内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th><th>字段内容</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>code</td><td>证明客户端已经验证过身份</td><td>上轮响应中的授权码</td></tr>
<tr><td>client_id</td><td>用于识别客户端类型</td><td>固定值，从授权服务器处申请</td></tr>
<tr><td>client_secret</td><td>用于验证客户端身份</td><td>固定值，从授权服务器处申请</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>授权服务器 响应 客户端请求，返回 accesstoken 和 refreshtoken<br>
响应内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>accesstoken</td><td>客户端用此 token 去 资源服务器 获取需要的资源，此 token 包含了 客户端身份、客户端权限（能访问哪些内容）、客户端访问有效期</td></tr>
<tr><td>refreshtoken</td><td>由于 accesstoken 可能会过期，为避免重新授权，可将此 token 发送给 授权服务器，快速获得新的 accesstoken</td></tr>
<tr><td>expire</td><td>过期时间，表示 accesstoken 的有效时间</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>后面拿着 accesstoken 找 资源服务器 拿数据就是一样的流程了，不再赘述</p>
<h2 id="简化模式">简化模式</h2>
<p>特点：相较授权码更简单，但安全性不及授权码（token 对用户可见）</p>
<p>客户端 向 授权服务器 发起获取 accesstoken 的请求<br>
请求内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th><th>字段内容</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>client_id</td><td>用于识别向哪个应用授权</td><td>唯一的应用id</td></tr>
<tr><td>redirect_uri</td><td>用于表示授权成功后的跳转页面</td><td>url</td></tr>
<tr><td>response_type</td><td>表示授权后客户端返回的类型</td><td>固定值 token 表示获取 accesstoken</td></tr>
<tr><td>state</td><td>用于客户端验证 验证服务器 的身份，防止中间人攻击</td><td>随机字符串</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>授权服务器 响应 客户端请求，返回 accesstoken<br>
响应内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>accesstoken</td><td>客户端用此 token 去 资源服务器 获取需要的资源，此 token 包含了 客户端身份、客户端权限（能访问哪些内容）、客户端访问有效期</td></tr>
<tr><td>refreshtoken</td><td>由于 accesstoken 可能会过期，为避免重新授权，可将此 token 发送给 授权服务器，快速获得新的 accesstoken</td></tr>
<tr><td>expire</td><td>过期时间，表示 accesstoken 的有效时间</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="密码模式">密码模式</h2>
<p>特点：使用验证服务器的用户名密码登录</p>
<ol>
<li>客户端 请求 授权服务器的登录页面</li>
<li>用户 在 授权服务器上登录并授权（授权服务器验证账号密码是否正确）</li>
<li>授权服务器 向 客户端发送 accesstoken</li>
</ol>
<p>响应内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>accesstoken</td><td>客户端用此 token 去 资源服务器 获取需要的资源，此 token 包含了 客户端身份、客户端权限（能访问哪些内容）、客户端访问有效期</td></tr>
<tr><td>refreshtoken</td><td>由于 accesstoken 可能会过期，为避免重新授权，可将此 token 发送给 授权服务器，快速获得新的 accesstoken</td></tr>
<tr><td>expire</td><td>过期时间，表示 accesstoken 的有效时间</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="客户端模式">客户端模式</h2>
<p>特点：直接通过客户端的密钥直接获取 accesstoken，最方便（无需用户参与）也最危险</p>
<p>客户端 向 授权服务器 请求 accesstoken<br>
请求内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>grant_type</td><td>固定值 client_credentials 用于表示客户端授权</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>授权服务器 向 客户端发送 accesstoken<br>
响应内容</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>字段名</th><th>作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>accesstoken</td><td>客户端用此 token 去 资源服务器 获取需要的资源，此 token 包含了 客户端身份、客户端权限（能访问哪些内容）、客户端访问有效期</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 id="参考">参考</h1>
<ol>
<li><a href="javascript:;">bilibili 彻底理解 OAuth2 协议</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;">理解 OAuth2</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;">OAuth2 授权</a></li>
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