diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index 65b04f17fc..b63dda629b 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Insolation = "e98cc03f-d57e-4e3c-b70c-8d51efe9e0d8"
 Interpolations = "a98d9a8b-a2ab-59e6-89dd-64a1c18fca59"
 IntervalSets = "8197267c-284f-5f27-9208-e0e47529a953"
 Krylov = "ba0b0d4f-ebba-5204-a429-3ac8c609bfb7"
+LazyBroadcast = "9dccce8e-a116-406d-9fcc-a88ed4f510c8"
 LinearAlgebra = "37e2e46d-f89d-539d-b4ee-838fcccc9c8e"
 Logging = "56ddb016-857b-54e1-b83d-db4d58db5568"
 NCDatasets = "85f8d34a-cbdd-5861-8df4-14fed0d494ab"
diff --git a/examples/Manifest.toml b/examples/Manifest.toml
index 5516b5b355..31c2593cc7 100644
--- a/examples/Manifest.toml
+++ b/examples/Manifest.toml
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "0c59f47e75bae5d377c2b1fa267ce810d21934c6"
 
 [[deps.ADTypes]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "aa4d425271a914d8c4af6ad9fccb6eb3aec662c7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "99a6f5d0ce1c7c6afdb759daa30226f71c54f6b0"
 uuid = "47edcb42-4c32-4615-8424-f2b9edc5f35b"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.7.1"
 weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.ADTypes.extensions]
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "EnzymeCore", "SpecialFunctions"]
     SpecialFunctionsExt = "SpecialFunctions"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Driver_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "97df9d4d6be8ac6270cb8fd3b8fc413690820cbd"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "325058b426c2b421e3d2df3d5fa646d72d2e3e7e"
 uuid = "4ee394cb-3365-5eb0-8335-949819d2adfc"
-version = "0.9.1+1"
+version = "0.9.2+0"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Runtime_Discovery]]
 deps = ["Libdl"]
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ version = "0.14.1+0"
 
 [[deps.Cairo]]
 deps = ["Cairo_jll", "Colors", "Glib_jll", "Graphics", "Libdl", "Pango_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d0b3f8b4ad16cb0a2988c6788646a5e6a17b6b1b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7b6ad8c35f4bc3bca8eb78127c8b99719506a5fb"
 uuid = "159f3aea-2a34-519c-b102-8c37f9878175"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.1.0"
 
 [[deps.CairoMakie]]
 deps = ["CRC32c", "Cairo", "Colors", "FileIO", "FreeType", "GeometryBasics", "LinearAlgebra", "Makie", "PrecompileTools"]
@@ -296,12 +296,6 @@ git-tree-sha1 = "a2f1c8c668c8e3cb4cca4e57a8efdb09067bb3fd"
 uuid = "83423d85-b0ee-5818-9007-b63ccbeb887a"
 version = "1.18.0+2"
 
-[[deps.Calculus]]
-deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f641eb0a4f00c343bbc32346e1217b86f3ce9dad"
-uuid = "49dc2e85-a5d0-5ad3-a950-438e2897f1b9"
-version = "0.5.1"
-
 [[deps.ChainRulesCore]]
 deps = ["Compat", "LinearAlgebra"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "71acdbf594aab5bbb2cec89b208c41b4c411e49f"
@@ -327,7 +321,7 @@ version = "0.5.6"
     GeoMakie = "db073c08-6b98-4ee5-b6a4-5efafb3259c6"
 
 [[deps.ClimaAtmos]]
-deps = ["Adapt", "ArgParse", "ArtifactWrappers", "Artifacts", "AtmosphericProfilesLibrary", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaDiagnostics", "ClimaParams", "ClimaTimeSteppers", "ClimaUtilities", "CloudMicrophysics", "Colors", "Dates", "DiffEqBase", "DocStringExtensions", "FastGaussQuadrature", "Insolation", "Interpolations", "IntervalSets", "Krylov", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "NCDatasets", "NVTX", "Pkg", "Printf", "RRTMGP", "Random", "RootSolvers", "SciMLBase", "StaticArrays", "Statistics", "StatsBase", "SurfaceFluxes", "Thermodynamics", "YAML"]
+deps = ["Adapt", "ArgParse", "ArtifactWrappers", "Artifacts", "AtmosphericProfilesLibrary", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaDiagnostics", "ClimaParams", "ClimaTimeSteppers", "ClimaUtilities", "CloudMicrophysics", "Colors", "Dates", "DiffEqBase", "DocStringExtensions", "FastGaussQuadrature", "Insolation", "Interpolations", "IntervalSets", "Krylov", "LazyBroadcast", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "NCDatasets", "NVTX", "Pkg", "Printf", "RRTMGP", "Random", "RootSolvers", "SciMLBase", "StaticArrays", "Statistics", "StatsBase", "SurfaceFluxes", "Thermodynamics", "YAML"]
 path = ".."
 uuid = "b2c96348-7fb7-4fe0-8da9-78d88439e717"
 version = "0.27.2"
@@ -385,7 +379,9 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 
 [[deps.ClimaDiagnostics]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "Dates", "NCDatasets", "SciMLBase"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "228ff3bc4dbd7329ef054f9bfbbe34075234ca25"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8db9a3a7df792dd287d55ca9d1a816ac45ac5daa"
+repo-rev = "gb/assign"
+repo-url = "https://github.com/CliMA/ClimaDiagnostics.jl.git"
 uuid = "1ecacbb8-0713-4841-9a07-eb5aa8a2d53f"
 version = "0.2.3"
 
@@ -448,15 +444,15 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 
 [[deps.CodeTracking]]
 deps = ["InteractiveUtils", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c0216e792f518b39b22212127d4a84dc31e4e386"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7eee164f122511d3e4e1ebadb7956939ea7e1c77"
 uuid = "da1fd8a2-8d9e-5ec2-8556-3022fb5608a2"
-version = "1.3.5"
+version = "1.3.6"
 
 [[deps.CodecZlib]]
 deps = ["TranscodingStreams", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b8fe8546d52ca154ac556809e10c75e6e7430ac8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bce6804e5e6044c6daab27bb533d1295e4a2e759"
 uuid = "944b1d66-785c-5afd-91f1-9de20f533193"
-version = "0.7.5"
+version = "0.7.6"
 
 [[deps.ColorBrewer]]
 deps = ["Colors", "JSON", "Test"]
@@ -521,9 +517,9 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 
 [[deps.Compat]]
 deps = ["TOML", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b1c55339b7c6c350ee89f2c1604299660525b248"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8ae8d32e09f0dcf42a36b90d4e17f5dd2e4c4215"
 uuid = "34da2185-b29b-5c13-b0c7-acf172513d20"
-version = "4.15.0"
+version = "4.16.0"
 weakdeps = ["Dates", "LinearAlgebra"]
 
     [deps.Compat.extensions]
@@ -609,9 +605,9 @@ uuid = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
 
 [[deps.DelaunayTriangulation]]
 deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "1abb6a8541775a0bf82749ac8373a34e9f2f71e0"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b5f1c6532d2ea71e99b74231b0a3d53fba846ced"
 uuid = "927a84f5-c5f4-47a5-9785-b46e178433df"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.DelimitedFiles]]
 deps = ["Mmap"]
@@ -677,9 +673,9 @@ version = "1.15.1"
 
 [[deps.DifferentiationInterface]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Compat", "DocStringExtensions", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PackageExtensionCompat", "SparseArrays", "SparseMatrixColorings"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "33cf7b202a00a233c5b24cb3aae9b523a527a5a1"
+git-tree-sha1 = "5fd57942dde7449335f585b3a4236e1fa2de0fd5"
 uuid = "a0c0ee7d-e4b9-4e03-894e-1c5f64a51d63"
-version = "0.5.10"
+version = "0.5.12"
 
     [deps.DifferentiationInterface.extensions]
     DifferentiationInterfaceChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -723,9 +719,9 @@ uuid = "8ba89e20-285c-5b6f-9357-94700520ee1b"
 
 [[deps.Distributions]]
 deps = ["AliasTables", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PDMats", "Printf", "QuadGK", "Random", "SpecialFunctions", "Statistics", "StatsAPI", "StatsBase", "StatsFuns"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "9c405847cc7ecda2dc921ccf18b47ca150d7317e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0e0a1264b0942f1f3abb2b30891f2a590cc652ac"
 uuid = "31c24e10-a181-5473-b8eb-7969acd0382f"
-version = "0.25.109"
+version = "0.25.110"
 
     [deps.Distributions.extensions]
     DistributionsChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -748,12 +744,6 @@ deps = ["ArgTools", "FileWatching", "LibCURL", "NetworkOptions"]
 uuid = "f43a241f-c20a-4ad4-852c-f6b1247861c6"
 version = "1.6.0"
 
-[[deps.DualNumbers]]
-deps = ["Calculus", "NaNMath", "SpecialFunctions"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5837a837389fccf076445fce071c8ddaea35a566"
-uuid = "fa6b7ba4-c1ee-5f82-b5fc-ecf0adba8f74"
-version = "0.6.8"
-
 [[deps.EarCut_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "e3290f2d49e661fbd94046d7e3726ffcb2d41053"
@@ -771,9 +761,9 @@ uuid = "4e289a0a-7415-4d19-859d-a7e5c4648b56"
 version = "1.0.4"
 
 [[deps.EnzymeCore]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d445df66dd8761a4c27df950db89c6a3a0629fe7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8f205a601760f4798a10f138c3940f0451d95188"
 uuid = "f151be2c-9106-41f4-ab19-57ee4f262869"
-version = "0.7.7"
+version = "0.7.8"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt"]
 
     [deps.EnzymeCore.extensions]
@@ -893,10 +883,10 @@ weakdeps = ["PDMats", "SparseArrays", "Statistics"]
     FillArraysStatisticsExt = "Statistics"
 
 [[deps.FiniteDiff]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "LinearAlgebra", "Requires", "Setfield", "SparseArrays"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2de436b72c3422940cbe1367611d137008af7ec3"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "LinearAlgebra", "Setfield", "SparseArrays"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "f9219347ebf700e77ca1d48ef84e4a82a6701882"
 uuid = "6a86dc24-6348-571c-b903-95158fe2bd41"
-version = "2.23.1"
+version = "2.24.0"
 
     [deps.FiniteDiff.extensions]
     FiniteDiffBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -972,9 +962,9 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Functors]]
 deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8a66c07630d6428eaab3506a0eabfcf4a9edea05"
+git-tree-sha1 = "64d8e93700c7a3f28f717d265382d52fac9fa1c1"
 uuid = "d9f16b24-f501-4c13-a1f2-28368ffc5196"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.12"
 
 [[deps.Future]]
 deps = ["Random"]
@@ -1119,10 +1109,10 @@ uuid = "e33a78d0-f292-5ffc-b300-72abe9b543c8"
 version = "2.11.1+0"
 
 [[deps.HypergeometricFunctions]]
-deps = ["DualNumbers", "LinearAlgebra", "OpenLibm_jll", "SpecialFunctions"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f218fe3736ddf977e0e772bc9a586b2383da2685"
+deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "OpenLibm_jll", "SpecialFunctions"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "7c4195be1649ae622304031ed46a2f4df989f1eb"
 uuid = "34004b35-14d8-5ef3-9330-4cdb6864b03a"
-version = "0.3.23"
+version = "0.3.24"
 
 [[deps.IfElse]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "debdd00ffef04665ccbb3e150747a77560e8fad1"
@@ -1238,14 +1228,14 @@ weakdeps = ["Random", "RecipesBase", "Statistics"]
     IntervalSetsStatisticsExt = "Statistics"
 
 [[deps.InverseFunctions]]
-deps = ["Test"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "18c59411ece4838b18cd7f537e56cf5e41ce5bfd"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2787db24f4e03daf859c6509ff87764e4182f7d1"
 uuid = "3587e190-3f89-42d0-90ee-14403ec27112"
-version = "0.1.15"
-weakdeps = ["Dates"]
+version = "0.1.16"
+weakdeps = ["Dates", "Test"]
 
     [deps.InverseFunctions.extensions]
-    DatesExt = "Dates"
+    InverseFunctionsDatesExt = "Dates"
+    InverseFunctionsTestExt = "Test"
 
 [[deps.InvertedIndices]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "0dc7b50b8d436461be01300fd8cd45aa0274b038"
@@ -1317,9 +1307,9 @@ version = "3.0.3+0"
 
 [[deps.JuliaInterpreter]]
 deps = ["CodeTracking", "InteractiveUtils", "Random", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5d3a5a206297af3868151bb4a2cf27ebce46f16d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7ae67d8567853d367e3463719356b8989e236069"
 uuid = "aa1ae85d-cabe-5617-a682-6adf51b2e16a"
-version = "0.9.33"
+version = "0.9.34"
 
 [[deps.JuliaNVTXCallbacks_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
@@ -1335,9 +1325,9 @@ version = "0.6.0"
 
 [[deps.KernelAbstractions]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "Atomix", "InteractiveUtils", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrays", "UUIDs", "UnsafeAtomics", "UnsafeAtomicsLLVM"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d0448cebd5919e06ca5edc7a264631790de810ec"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0fac59881e91c7233a9b0d47f4b7d9432e534f0f"
 uuid = "63c18a36-062a-441e-b654-da1e3ab1ce7c"
-version = "0.9.22"
+version = "0.9.23"
 weakdeps = ["EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.KernelAbstractions.extensions]
@@ -1379,9 +1369,9 @@ version = "3.0.0+1"
 
 [[deps.LLVM]]
 deps = ["CEnum", "LLVMExtra_jll", "Libdl", "Preferences", "Printf", "Requires", "Unicode"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "020abd49586480c1be84f57da0017b5d3db73f7c"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2470e69781ddd70b8878491233cd09bc1bd7fc96"
 uuid = "929cbde3-209d-540e-8aea-75f648917ca0"
-version = "8.0.0"
+version = "8.1.0"
 weakdeps = ["BFloat16s"]
 
     [deps.LLVM.extensions]
@@ -1389,9 +1379,9 @@ weakdeps = ["BFloat16s"]
 
 [[deps.LLVMExtra_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "TOML"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c2636c264861edc6d305e6b4d528f09566d24c5e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "597d1c758c9ae5d985ba4202386a607c675ee700"
 uuid = "dad2f222-ce93-54a1-a47d-0025e8a3acab"
-version = "0.0.30+0"
+version = "0.0.31+0"
 
 [[deps.LLVMLoopInfo]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "2e5c102cfc41f48ae4740c7eca7743cc7e7b75ea"
@@ -1444,6 +1434,11 @@ weakdeps = ["StaticArrays"]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Pkg"]
 uuid = "4af54fe1-eca0-43a8-85a7-787d91b784e3"
 
+[[deps.LazyBroadcast]]
+git-tree-sha1 = "cc1c30ef453d2867048d747a35db21888d0e3f76"
+uuid = "9dccce8e-a116-406d-9fcc-a88ed4f510c8"
+version = "0.1.3"
+
 [[deps.LazyModules]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "a560dd966b386ac9ae60bdd3a3d3a326062d3c3e"
 uuid = "8cdb02fc-e678-4876-92c5-9defec4f444e"
@@ -1526,9 +1521,9 @@ version = "0.9.1"
 
 [[deps.LineSearches]]
 deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "NLSolversBase", "NaNMath", "Parameters", "Printf"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "7bbea35cec17305fc70a0e5b4641477dc0789d9d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e4c3be53733db1051cc15ecf573b1042b3a712a1"
 uuid = "d3d80556-e9d4-5f37-9878-2ab0fcc64255"
-version = "7.2.0"
+version = "7.3.0"
 
 [[deps.LinearAlgebra]]
 deps = ["Libdl", "OpenBLAS_jll", "libblastrampoline_jll"]
@@ -1552,9 +1547,9 @@ version = "2.8.0"
 
 [[deps.LinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface", "ChainRulesCore", "ConcreteStructs", "CpuId", "DocStringExtensions", "EnumX", "FastLapackInterface", "GPUArraysCore", "InteractiveUtils", "KLU", "Krylov", "LazyArrays", "Libdl", "LinearAlgebra", "MKL_jll", "Markdown", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "RecursiveFactorization", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "SciMLOperators", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "Sparspak", "StaticArraysCore", "UnPack"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bae39cec701960d14dc7d3c05491c1bfd922fa1d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "ee625f4053362526950661ce3022c7a483c6f8e5"
 uuid = "7ed4a6bd-45f5-4d41-b270-4a48e9bafcae"
-version = "2.31.1"
+version = "2.32.0"
 
     [deps.LinearSolve.extensions]
     LinearSolveBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -1832,9 +1827,9 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 
 [[deps.NonlinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "ArrayInterface", "ConcreteStructs", "DiffEqBase", "FastBroadcast", "FastClosures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "LazyArrays", "LineSearches", "LinearAlgebra", "LinearSolve", "MaybeInplace", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "Printf", "RecursiveArrayTools", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "SimpleNonlinearSolve", "SparseArrays", "SparseDiffTools", "StaticArraysCore", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "TimerOutputs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "3adb1e5945b5a6b1eaee754077f25ccc402edd7f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bcd8812e751326ff1d4b2dd50764b93df51f143b"
 uuid = "8913a72c-1f9b-4ce2-8d82-65094dcecaec"
-version = "3.13.1"
+version = "3.14.0"
 
     [deps.NonlinearSolve.extensions]
     NonlinearSolveBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -2034,10 +2029,10 @@ uuid = "e409e4f3-bfea-5376-8464-e040bb5c01ab"
 version = "0.4.4"
 
 [[deps.Polyester]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "ManualMemory", "PolyesterWeave", "Requires", "Static", "StaticArrayInterface", "StrideArraysCore", "ThreadingUtilities"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "9ff799e8fb8ed6717710feee3be3bc20645daa97"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "ManualMemory", "PolyesterWeave", "Static", "StaticArrayInterface", "StrideArraysCore", "ThreadingUtilities"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "6d38fea02d983051776a856b7df75b30cf9a3c1f"
 uuid = "f517fe37-dbe3-4b94-8317-1923a5111588"
-version = "0.7.15"
+version = "0.7.16"
 
 [[deps.PolyesterWeave]]
 deps = ["BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "Static", "ThreadingUtilities"]
@@ -2064,9 +2059,9 @@ version = "24.6.0+0"
 
 [[deps.PreallocationTools]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "ForwardDiff"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "406c29a7f46706d379a3bce45671b4e3a39ddfbc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7f3f63331c7c8c81245b4ee2815b7d496365833"
 uuid = "d236fae5-4411-538c-8e31-a6e3d9e00b46"
-version = "0.4.22"
+version = "0.4.23"
 
     [deps.PreallocationTools.extensions]
     PreallocationToolsReverseDiffExt = "ReverseDiff"
@@ -2161,10 +2156,10 @@ uuid = "74087812-796a-5b5d-8853-05524746bad3"
 version = "1.7.0"
 
 [[deps.RandomNumbers]]
-deps = ["Random", "Requires"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "043da614cc7e95c703498a491e2c21f58a2b8111"
+deps = ["Random"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "c6ec94d2aaba1ab2ff983052cf6a606ca5985902"
 uuid = "e6cf234a-135c-5ec9-84dd-332b85af5143"
-version = "1.5.3"
+version = "1.6.0"
 
 [[deps.RangeArrays]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "b9039e93773ddcfc828f12aadf7115b4b4d225f5"
@@ -2188,10 +2183,10 @@ uuid = "3cdcf5f2-1ef4-517c-9805-6587b60abb01"
 version = "1.3.4"
 
 [[deps.RecursiveArrayTools]]
-deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b450d967a770fb13d0e26358f58375e20361cf9c"
+deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "b034171b93aebc81b3e1890a036d13a9c4a9e3e0"
 uuid = "731186ca-8d62-57ce-b412-fbd966d074cd"
-version = "3.26.0"
+version = "3.27.0"
 
     [deps.RecursiveArrayTools.extensions]
     RecursiveArrayToolsFastBroadcastExt = "FastBroadcast"
@@ -2199,6 +2194,7 @@ version = "3.26.0"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMeasurementsExt = "Measurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMonteCarloMeasurementsExt = "MonteCarloMeasurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsReverseDiffExt = ["ReverseDiff", "Zygote"]
+    RecursiveArrayToolsSparseArraysExt = ["SparseArrays"]
     RecursiveArrayToolsTrackerExt = "Tracker"
     RecursiveArrayToolsZygoteExt = "Zygote"
 
@@ -2208,6 +2204,7 @@ version = "3.26.0"
     Measurements = "eff96d63-e80a-5855-80a2-b1b0885c5ab7"
     MonteCarloMeasurements = "0987c9cc-fe09-11e8-30f0-b96dd679fdca"
     ReverseDiff = "37e2e3b7-166d-5795-8a7a-e32c996b4267"
+    SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
     Tracker = "9f7883ad-71c0-57eb-9f7f-b5c9e6d3789c"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
@@ -2242,9 +2239,9 @@ version = "0.7.1"
 
 [[deps.Rmath_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d483cd324ce5cf5d61b77930f0bbd6cb61927d21"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e60724fd3beea548353984dc61c943ecddb0e29a"
 uuid = "f50d1b31-88e8-58de-be2c-1cc44531875f"
-version = "0.4.2+0"
+version = "0.4.3+0"
 
 [[deps.RootSolvers]]
 deps = ["ForwardDiff"]
@@ -2310,16 +2307,17 @@ version = "2.48.0"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
 [[deps.SciMLOperators]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "10499f619ef6e890f3f4a38914481cc868689cd5"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Setfield", "StaticArraysCore"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "23b02c588ac9a17ecb276cc62ab37f3e4fe37b32"
 uuid = "c0aeaf25-5076-4817-a8d5-81caf7dfa961"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
+weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
 [[deps.SciMLStructures]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cfdd1200d150df1d3c055cc72ee6850742e982d7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "20ad3e7c137156c50c93c888d0f2bc5b7883c729"
 uuid = "53ae85a6-f571-4167-b2af-e1d143709226"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.4.2"
 
 [[deps.Scratch]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2371,9 +2369,9 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 
 [[deps.SimpleNonlinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "ArrayInterface", "ConcreteStructs", "DiffEqBase", "DiffResults", "DifferentiationInterface", "FastClosures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "LinearAlgebra", "MaybeInplace", "PrecompileTools", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "Setfield", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "03c21a4c373c7c3aa77611430068badaa073d740"
+git-tree-sha1 = "4d7a7c177bcb4c6dc465f09db91bfdb28c578919"
 uuid = "727e6d20-b764-4bd8-a329-72de5adea6c7"
-version = "1.11.0"
+version = "1.12.0"
 
     [deps.SimpleNonlinearSolve.extensions]
     SimpleNonlinearSolveChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -2415,9 +2413,9 @@ version = "1.10.0"
 
 [[deps.SparseDiffTools]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "Compat", "DataStructures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "Graphs", "LinearAlgebra", "PackageExtensionCompat", "Random", "Reexport", "SciMLOperators", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrayInterface", "StaticArrays", "Tricks", "UnPack", "VertexSafeGraphs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "469f51f8c4741ce944be2c0b65423b518b1405b0"
+git-tree-sha1 = "c9e5d7ee75cf6a1ca3a22c9a6a4ef451792cf62b"
 uuid = "47a9eef4-7e08-11e9-0b38-333d64bd3804"
-version = "2.19.0"
+version = "2.20.0"
 
     [deps.SparseDiffTools.extensions]
     SparseDiffToolsEnzymeExt = "Enzyme"
@@ -2468,10 +2466,10 @@ uuid = "aedffcd0-7271-4cad-89d0-dc628f76c6d3"
 version = "1.1.1"
 
 [[deps.StaticArrayInterface]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "Compat", "IfElse", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "SparseArrays", "Static", "SuiteSparse"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8963e5a083c837531298fc41599182a759a87a6d"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "Compat", "IfElse", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools", "Static"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "96381d50f1ce85f2663584c8e886a6ca97e60554"
 uuid = "0d7ed370-da01-4f52-bd93-41d350b8b718"
-version = "1.5.1"
+version = "1.8.0"
 weakdeps = ["OffsetArrays", "StaticArrays"]
 
     [deps.StaticArrayInterface.extensions]
@@ -2574,9 +2572,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ClimaParams"]
 
 [[deps.SymbolicIndexingInterface]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2dd32da03adaf43fd91494e38ef3df0ab2e6c20e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "c9fce29fb41a10677e24f74421ebe31220b81ad0"
 uuid = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 
 [[deps.TOML]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2660,13 +2658,9 @@ uuid = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
 version = "0.5.24"
 
 [[deps.TranscodingStreams]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "96612ac5365777520c3c5396314c8cf7408f436a"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e84b3a11b9bece70d14cce63406bbc79ed3464d2"
 uuid = "3bb67fe8-82b1-5028-8e26-92a6c54297fa"
-version = "0.11.1"
-weakdeps = ["Random", "Test"]
-
-    [deps.TranscodingStreams.extensions]
-    TestExt = ["Test", "Random"]
+version = "0.11.2"
 
 [[deps.TriangularSolve]]
 deps = ["CloseOpenIntervals", "IfElse", "LayoutPointers", "LinearAlgebra", "LoopVectorization", "Polyester", "Static", "VectorizationBase"]
@@ -2721,9 +2715,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[deps.UnsafeAtomicsLLVM]]
 deps = ["LLVM", "UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bf2c553f25e954a9b38c9c0593a59bb13113f9e5"
+git-tree-sha1 = "4073c836c2befcb041e5fe306cb6abf621eb3140"
 uuid = "d80eeb9a-aca5-4d75-85e5-170c8b632249"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.2.0"
 
 [[deps.VTKBase]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "c2d0db3ef09f1942d08ea455a9e252594be5f3b6"
diff --git a/perf/Manifest.toml b/perf/Manifest.toml
index befec4fa38..f14e9e3914 100644
--- a/perf/Manifest.toml
+++ b/perf/Manifest.toml
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "ddcac0ed38fc33b661f9c30ef50fd3e33f33a3e0"
 
 [[deps.ADTypes]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "aa4d425271a914d8c4af6ad9fccb6eb3aec662c7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "99a6f5d0ce1c7c6afdb759daa30226f71c54f6b0"
 uuid = "47edcb42-4c32-4615-8424-f2b9edc5f35b"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.7.1"
 weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.ADTypes.extensions]
@@ -272,10 +272,10 @@ weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "EnzymeCore", "SpecialFunctions"]
     SpecialFunctionsExt = "SpecialFunctions"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Driver_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "97df9d4d6be8ac6270cb8fd3b8fc413690820cbd"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "325058b426c2b421e3d2df3d5fa646d72d2e3e7e"
 uuid = "4ee394cb-3365-5eb0-8335-949819d2adfc"
-version = "0.9.1+1"
+version = "0.9.2+0"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Runtime_Discovery]]
 deps = ["Libdl"]
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ version = "0.14.1+0"
 
 [[deps.Cairo]]
 deps = ["Cairo_jll", "Colors", "Glib_jll", "Graphics", "Libdl", "Pango_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d0b3f8b4ad16cb0a2988c6788646a5e6a17b6b1b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7b6ad8c35f4bc3bca8eb78127c8b99719506a5fb"
 uuid = "159f3aea-2a34-519c-b102-8c37f9878175"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.1.0"
 
 [[deps.CairoMakie]]
 deps = ["CRC32c", "Cairo", "Colors", "FileIO", "FreeType", "GeometryBasics", "LinearAlgebra", "Makie", "PrecompileTools"]
@@ -307,12 +307,6 @@ git-tree-sha1 = "a2f1c8c668c8e3cb4cca4e57a8efdb09067bb3fd"
 uuid = "83423d85-b0ee-5818-9007-b63ccbeb887a"
 version = "1.18.0+2"
 
-[[deps.Calculus]]
-deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f641eb0a4f00c343bbc32346e1217b86f3ce9dad"
-uuid = "49dc2e85-a5d0-5ad3-a950-438e2897f1b9"
-version = "0.5.1"
-
 [[deps.ChainRulesCore]]
 deps = ["Compat", "LinearAlgebra"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "71acdbf594aab5bbb2cec89b208c41b4c411e49f"
@@ -338,7 +332,7 @@ version = "0.5.6"
     GeoMakie = "db073c08-6b98-4ee5-b6a4-5efafb3259c6"
 
 [[deps.ClimaAtmos]]
-deps = ["Adapt", "ArgParse", "ArtifactWrappers", "Artifacts", "AtmosphericProfilesLibrary", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaDiagnostics", "ClimaParams", "ClimaTimeSteppers", "ClimaUtilities", "CloudMicrophysics", "Colors", "Dates", "DiffEqBase", "DocStringExtensions", "FastGaussQuadrature", "Insolation", "Interpolations", "IntervalSets", "Krylov", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "NCDatasets", "NVTX", "Pkg", "Printf", "RRTMGP", "Random", "RootSolvers", "SciMLBase", "StaticArrays", "Statistics", "StatsBase", "SurfaceFluxes", "Thermodynamics", "YAML"]
+deps = ["Adapt", "ArgParse", "ArtifactWrappers", "Artifacts", "AtmosphericProfilesLibrary", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaDiagnostics", "ClimaParams", "ClimaTimeSteppers", "ClimaUtilities", "CloudMicrophysics", "Colors", "Dates", "DiffEqBase", "DocStringExtensions", "FastGaussQuadrature", "Insolation", "Interpolations", "IntervalSets", "Krylov", "LazyBroadcast", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "NCDatasets", "NVTX", "Pkg", "Printf", "RRTMGP", "Random", "RootSolvers", "SciMLBase", "StaticArrays", "Statistics", "StatsBase", "SurfaceFluxes", "Thermodynamics", "YAML"]
 path = ".."
 uuid = "b2c96348-7fb7-4fe0-8da9-78d88439e717"
 version = "0.27.2"
@@ -396,7 +390,9 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 
 [[deps.ClimaDiagnostics]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "Dates", "NCDatasets", "SciMLBase"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "228ff3bc4dbd7329ef054f9bfbbe34075234ca25"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8db9a3a7df792dd287d55ca9d1a816ac45ac5daa"
+repo-rev = "gb/assign"
+repo-url = "https://github.com/CliMA/ClimaDiagnostics.jl.git"
 uuid = "1ecacbb8-0713-4841-9a07-eb5aa8a2d53f"
 version = "0.2.3"
 
@@ -418,9 +414,9 @@ weakdeps = ["BenchmarkTools", "CUDA", "OrderedCollections", "PrettyTables", "Sta
 
 [[deps.ClimaUtilities]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Dates"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2e171face2f5ee218ebaa9aee7b5e14a28b14366"
+git-tree-sha1 = "fee5ec9953a1ec950c992a29bd92576ad566b82d"
 uuid = "b3f4f4ca-9299-4f7f-bd9b-81e1242a7513"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.1.12"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt", "CUDA", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaCoreTempestRemap", "Interpolations", "NCDatasets"]
 
     [deps.ClimaUtilities.extensions]
@@ -453,15 +449,15 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 
 [[deps.CodeTracking]]
 deps = ["InteractiveUtils", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c0216e792f518b39b22212127d4a84dc31e4e386"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7eee164f122511d3e4e1ebadb7956939ea7e1c77"
 uuid = "da1fd8a2-8d9e-5ec2-8556-3022fb5608a2"
-version = "1.3.5"
+version = "1.3.6"
 
 [[deps.CodecZlib]]
 deps = ["TranscodingStreams", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b8fe8546d52ca154ac556809e10c75e6e7430ac8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bce6804e5e6044c6daab27bb533d1295e4a2e759"
 uuid = "944b1d66-785c-5afd-91f1-9de20f533193"
-version = "0.7.5"
+version = "0.7.6"
 
 [[deps.ColorBrewer]]
 deps = ["Colors", "JSON", "Test"]
@@ -526,9 +522,9 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 
 [[deps.Compat]]
 deps = ["TOML", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b1c55339b7c6c350ee89f2c1604299660525b248"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8ae8d32e09f0dcf42a36b90d4e17f5dd2e4c4215"
 uuid = "34da2185-b29b-5c13-b0c7-acf172513d20"
-version = "4.15.0"
+version = "4.16.0"
 weakdeps = ["Dates", "LinearAlgebra"]
 
     [deps.Compat.extensions]
@@ -582,9 +578,9 @@ version = "4.1.1"
 
 [[deps.Cthulhu]]
 deps = ["CodeTracking", "FoldingTrees", "InteractiveUtils", "JuliaSyntax", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "REPL", "TypedSyntax", "UUIDs", "Unicode", "WidthLimitedIO"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "45f0cf8cb6b384df48b4cf3cfbbcc27cfe2700e2"
+git-tree-sha1 = "95474552212427d22b56601d9bc2b6b5e3fe9bca"
 uuid = "f68482b8-f384-11e8-15f7-abe071a5a75f"
-version = "2.12.7"
+version = "2.13.0"
 
 [[deps.CubedSphere]]
 deps = ["Elliptic", "FFTW", "Printf", "ProgressBars", "SpecialFunctions", "TaylorSeries", "Test"]
@@ -620,9 +616,9 @@ uuid = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
 
 [[deps.DelaunayTriangulation]]
 deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "1abb6a8541775a0bf82749ac8373a34e9f2f71e0"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b5f1c6532d2ea71e99b74231b0a3d53fba846ced"
 uuid = "927a84f5-c5f4-47a5-9785-b46e178433df"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.DelimitedFiles]]
 deps = ["Mmap"]
@@ -700,9 +696,9 @@ version = "1.15.1"
 
 [[deps.DifferentiationInterface]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Compat", "DocStringExtensions", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PackageExtensionCompat", "SparseArrays", "SparseMatrixColorings"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "33cf7b202a00a233c5b24cb3aae9b523a527a5a1"
+git-tree-sha1 = "5fd57942dde7449335f585b3a4236e1fa2de0fd5"
 uuid = "a0c0ee7d-e4b9-4e03-894e-1c5f64a51d63"
-version = "0.5.10"
+version = "0.5.12"
 
     [deps.DifferentiationInterface.extensions]
     DifferentiationInterfaceChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -746,9 +742,9 @@ uuid = "8ba89e20-285c-5b6f-9357-94700520ee1b"
 
 [[deps.Distributions]]
 deps = ["AliasTables", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PDMats", "Printf", "QuadGK", "Random", "SpecialFunctions", "Statistics", "StatsAPI", "StatsBase", "StatsFuns"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "9c405847cc7ecda2dc921ccf18b47ca150d7317e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0e0a1264b0942f1f3abb2b30891f2a590cc652ac"
 uuid = "31c24e10-a181-5473-b8eb-7969acd0382f"
-version = "0.25.109"
+version = "0.25.110"
 
     [deps.Distributions.extensions]
     DistributionsChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -771,12 +767,6 @@ deps = ["ArgTools", "FileWatching", "LibCURL", "NetworkOptions"]
 uuid = "f43a241f-c20a-4ad4-852c-f6b1247861c6"
 version = "1.6.0"
 
-[[deps.DualNumbers]]
-deps = ["Calculus", "NaNMath", "SpecialFunctions"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5837a837389fccf076445fce071c8ddaea35a566"
-uuid = "fa6b7ba4-c1ee-5f82-b5fc-ecf0adba8f74"
-version = "0.6.8"
-
 [[deps.EarCut_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "e3290f2d49e661fbd94046d7e3726ffcb2d41053"
@@ -794,9 +784,9 @@ uuid = "4e289a0a-7415-4d19-859d-a7e5c4648b56"
 version = "1.0.4"
 
 [[deps.EnzymeCore]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d445df66dd8761a4c27df950db89c6a3a0629fe7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8f205a601760f4798a10f138c3940f0451d95188"
 uuid = "f151be2c-9106-41f4-ab19-57ee4f262869"
-version = "0.7.7"
+version = "0.7.8"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt"]
 
     [deps.EnzymeCore.extensions]
@@ -916,10 +906,10 @@ weakdeps = ["PDMats", "SparseArrays", "Statistics"]
     FillArraysStatisticsExt = "Statistics"
 
 [[deps.FiniteDiff]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "LinearAlgebra", "Requires", "Setfield", "SparseArrays"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2de436b72c3422940cbe1367611d137008af7ec3"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "LinearAlgebra", "Setfield", "SparseArrays"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "f9219347ebf700e77ca1d48ef84e4a82a6701882"
 uuid = "6a86dc24-6348-571c-b903-95158fe2bd41"
-version = "2.23.1"
+version = "2.24.0"
 
     [deps.FiniteDiff.extensions]
     FiniteDiffBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -1007,9 +997,9 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Functors]]
 deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8a66c07630d6428eaab3506a0eabfcf4a9edea05"
+git-tree-sha1 = "64d8e93700c7a3f28f717d265382d52fac9fa1c1"
 uuid = "d9f16b24-f501-4c13-a1f2-28368ffc5196"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.12"
 
 [[deps.Future]]
 deps = ["Random"]
@@ -1160,10 +1150,10 @@ uuid = "e33a78d0-f292-5ffc-b300-72abe9b543c8"
 version = "2.11.1+0"
 
 [[deps.HypergeometricFunctions]]
-deps = ["DualNumbers", "LinearAlgebra", "OpenLibm_jll", "SpecialFunctions"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f218fe3736ddf977e0e772bc9a586b2383da2685"
+deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "OpenLibm_jll", "SpecialFunctions"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "7c4195be1649ae622304031ed46a2f4df989f1eb"
 uuid = "34004b35-14d8-5ef3-9330-4cdb6864b03a"
-version = "0.3.23"
+version = "0.3.24"
 
 [[deps.IfElse]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "debdd00ffef04665ccbb3e150747a77560e8fad1"
@@ -1279,14 +1269,14 @@ weakdeps = ["Random", "RecipesBase", "Statistics"]
     IntervalSetsStatisticsExt = "Statistics"
 
 [[deps.InverseFunctions]]
-deps = ["Test"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "18c59411ece4838b18cd7f537e56cf5e41ce5bfd"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2787db24f4e03daf859c6509ff87764e4182f7d1"
 uuid = "3587e190-3f89-42d0-90ee-14403ec27112"
-version = "0.1.15"
-weakdeps = ["Dates"]
+version = "0.1.16"
+weakdeps = ["Dates", "Test"]
 
     [deps.InverseFunctions.extensions]
-    DatesExt = "Dates"
+    InverseFunctionsDatesExt = "Dates"
+    InverseFunctionsTestExt = "Test"
 
 [[deps.InvertedIndices]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "0dc7b50b8d436461be01300fd8cd45aa0274b038"
@@ -1352,9 +1342,9 @@ version = "3.0.3+0"
 
 [[deps.JuliaInterpreter]]
 deps = ["CodeTracking", "InteractiveUtils", "Random", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5d3a5a206297af3868151bb4a2cf27ebce46f16d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7ae67d8567853d367e3463719356b8989e236069"
 uuid = "aa1ae85d-cabe-5617-a682-6adf51b2e16a"
-version = "0.9.33"
+version = "0.9.34"
 
 [[deps.JuliaNVTXCallbacks_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
@@ -1375,9 +1365,9 @@ version = "0.6.0"
 
 [[deps.KernelAbstractions]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "Atomix", "InteractiveUtils", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrays", "UUIDs", "UnsafeAtomics", "UnsafeAtomicsLLVM"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d0448cebd5919e06ca5edc7a264631790de810ec"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0fac59881e91c7233a9b0d47f4b7d9432e534f0f"
 uuid = "63c18a36-062a-441e-b654-da1e3ab1ce7c"
-version = "0.9.22"
+version = "0.9.23"
 weakdeps = ["EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.KernelAbstractions.extensions]
@@ -1419,9 +1409,9 @@ version = "3.0.0+1"
 
 [[deps.LLVM]]
 deps = ["CEnum", "LLVMExtra_jll", "Libdl", "Preferences", "Printf", "Requires", "Unicode"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "020abd49586480c1be84f57da0017b5d3db73f7c"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2470e69781ddd70b8878491233cd09bc1bd7fc96"
 uuid = "929cbde3-209d-540e-8aea-75f648917ca0"
-version = "8.0.0"
+version = "8.1.0"
 weakdeps = ["BFloat16s"]
 
     [deps.LLVM.extensions]
@@ -1429,9 +1419,9 @@ weakdeps = ["BFloat16s"]
 
 [[deps.LLVMExtra_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "TOML"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c2636c264861edc6d305e6b4d528f09566d24c5e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "597d1c758c9ae5d985ba4202386a607c675ee700"
 uuid = "dad2f222-ce93-54a1-a47d-0025e8a3acab"
-version = "0.0.30+0"
+version = "0.0.31+0"
 
 [[deps.LLVMLoopInfo]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "2e5c102cfc41f48ae4740c7eca7743cc7e7b75ea"
@@ -1484,6 +1474,11 @@ weakdeps = ["StaticArrays"]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Pkg"]
 uuid = "4af54fe1-eca0-43a8-85a7-787d91b784e3"
 
+[[deps.LazyBroadcast]]
+git-tree-sha1 = "cc1c30ef453d2867048d747a35db21888d0e3f76"
+uuid = "9dccce8e-a116-406d-9fcc-a88ed4f510c8"
+version = "0.1.3"
+
 [[deps.LazyModules]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "a560dd966b386ac9ae60bdd3a3d3a326062d3c3e"
 uuid = "8cdb02fc-e678-4876-92c5-9defec4f444e"
@@ -1572,9 +1567,9 @@ version = "0.9.1"
 
 [[deps.LineSearches]]
 deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "NLSolversBase", "NaNMath", "Parameters", "Printf"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "7bbea35cec17305fc70a0e5b4641477dc0789d9d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e4c3be53733db1051cc15ecf573b1042b3a712a1"
 uuid = "d3d80556-e9d4-5f37-9878-2ab0fcc64255"
-version = "7.2.0"
+version = "7.3.0"
 
 [[deps.LinearAlgebra]]
 deps = ["Libdl", "OpenBLAS_jll", "libblastrampoline_jll"]
@@ -1598,9 +1593,9 @@ version = "2.8.0"
 
 [[deps.LinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface", "ChainRulesCore", "ConcreteStructs", "CpuId", "DocStringExtensions", "EnumX", "FastLapackInterface", "GPUArraysCore", "InteractiveUtils", "KLU", "Krylov", "LazyArrays", "Libdl", "LinearAlgebra", "MKL_jll", "Markdown", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "RecursiveFactorization", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "SciMLOperators", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "Sparspak", "StaticArraysCore", "UnPack"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bae39cec701960d14dc7d3c05491c1bfd922fa1d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "ee625f4053362526950661ce3022c7a483c6f8e5"
 uuid = "7ed4a6bd-45f5-4d41-b270-4a48e9bafcae"
-version = "2.31.1"
+version = "2.32.0"
 
     [deps.LinearSolve.extensions]
     LinearSolveBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -1872,9 +1867,9 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 
 [[deps.NonlinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "ArrayInterface", "ConcreteStructs", "DiffEqBase", "FastBroadcast", "FastClosures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "LazyArrays", "LineSearches", "LinearAlgebra", "LinearSolve", "MaybeInplace", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "Printf", "RecursiveArrayTools", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "SimpleNonlinearSolve", "SparseArrays", "SparseDiffTools", "StaticArraysCore", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "TimerOutputs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "3adb1e5945b5a6b1eaee754077f25ccc402edd7f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bcd8812e751326ff1d4b2dd50764b93df51f143b"
 uuid = "8913a72c-1f9b-4ce2-8d82-65094dcecaec"
-version = "3.13.1"
+version = "3.14.0"
 
     [deps.NonlinearSolve.extensions]
     NonlinearSolveBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -2092,10 +2087,10 @@ uuid = "e409e4f3-bfea-5376-8464-e040bb5c01ab"
 version = "0.4.4"
 
 [[deps.Polyester]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "ManualMemory", "PolyesterWeave", "Requires", "Static", "StaticArrayInterface", "StrideArraysCore", "ThreadingUtilities"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "9ff799e8fb8ed6717710feee3be3bc20645daa97"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "ManualMemory", "PolyesterWeave", "Static", "StaticArrayInterface", "StrideArraysCore", "ThreadingUtilities"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "6d38fea02d983051776a856b7df75b30cf9a3c1f"
 uuid = "f517fe37-dbe3-4b94-8317-1923a5111588"
-version = "0.7.15"
+version = "0.7.16"
 
 [[deps.PolyesterWeave]]
 deps = ["BitTwiddlingConvenienceFunctions", "CPUSummary", "IfElse", "Static", "ThreadingUtilities"]
@@ -2128,9 +2123,9 @@ version = "0.2.4"
 
 [[deps.PreallocationTools]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "ForwardDiff"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "406c29a7f46706d379a3bce45671b4e3a39ddfbc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7f3f63331c7c8c81245b4ee2815b7d496365833"
 uuid = "d236fae5-4411-538c-8e31-a6e3d9e00b46"
-version = "0.4.22"
+version = "0.4.23"
 
     [deps.PreallocationTools.extensions]
     PreallocationToolsReverseDiffExt = "ReverseDiff"
@@ -2237,10 +2232,10 @@ uuid = "74087812-796a-5b5d-8853-05524746bad3"
 version = "1.7.0"
 
 [[deps.RandomNumbers]]
-deps = ["Random", "Requires"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "043da614cc7e95c703498a491e2c21f58a2b8111"
+deps = ["Random"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "c6ec94d2aaba1ab2ff983052cf6a606ca5985902"
 uuid = "e6cf234a-135c-5ec9-84dd-332b85af5143"
-version = "1.5.3"
+version = "1.6.0"
 
 [[deps.RangeArrays]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "b9039e93773ddcfc828f12aadf7115b4b4d225f5"
@@ -2264,10 +2259,10 @@ uuid = "3cdcf5f2-1ef4-517c-9805-6587b60abb01"
 version = "1.3.4"
 
 [[deps.RecursiveArrayTools]]
-deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b450d967a770fb13d0e26358f58375e20361cf9c"
+deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "b034171b93aebc81b3e1890a036d13a9c4a9e3e0"
 uuid = "731186ca-8d62-57ce-b412-fbd966d074cd"
-version = "3.26.0"
+version = "3.27.0"
 
     [deps.RecursiveArrayTools.extensions]
     RecursiveArrayToolsFastBroadcastExt = "FastBroadcast"
@@ -2275,6 +2270,7 @@ version = "3.26.0"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMeasurementsExt = "Measurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMonteCarloMeasurementsExt = "MonteCarloMeasurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsReverseDiffExt = ["ReverseDiff", "Zygote"]
+    RecursiveArrayToolsSparseArraysExt = ["SparseArrays"]
     RecursiveArrayToolsTrackerExt = "Tracker"
     RecursiveArrayToolsZygoteExt = "Zygote"
 
@@ -2284,6 +2280,7 @@ version = "3.26.0"
     Measurements = "eff96d63-e80a-5855-80a2-b1b0885c5ab7"
     MonteCarloMeasurements = "0987c9cc-fe09-11e8-30f0-b96dd679fdca"
     ReverseDiff = "37e2e3b7-166d-5795-8a7a-e32c996b4267"
+    SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
     Tracker = "9f7883ad-71c0-57eb-9f7f-b5c9e6d3789c"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
@@ -2330,9 +2327,9 @@ version = "0.7.1"
 
 [[deps.Rmath_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d483cd324ce5cf5d61b77930f0bbd6cb61927d21"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e60724fd3beea548353984dc61c943ecddb0e29a"
 uuid = "f50d1b31-88e8-58de-be2c-1cc44531875f"
-version = "0.4.2+0"
+version = "0.4.3+0"
 
 [[deps.RootSolvers]]
 deps = ["ForwardDiff"]
@@ -2398,16 +2395,17 @@ version = "2.48.0"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
 [[deps.SciMLOperators]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "10499f619ef6e890f3f4a38914481cc868689cd5"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Setfield", "StaticArraysCore"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "23b02c588ac9a17ecb276cc62ab37f3e4fe37b32"
 uuid = "c0aeaf25-5076-4817-a8d5-81caf7dfa961"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
+weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
 [[deps.SciMLStructures]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cfdd1200d150df1d3c055cc72ee6850742e982d7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "20ad3e7c137156c50c93c888d0f2bc5b7883c729"
 uuid = "53ae85a6-f571-4167-b2af-e1d143709226"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.4.2"
 
 [[deps.Scratch]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2459,9 +2457,9 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 
 [[deps.SimpleNonlinearSolve]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "ArrayInterface", "ConcreteStructs", "DiffEqBase", "DiffResults", "DifferentiationInterface", "FastClosures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "LinearAlgebra", "MaybeInplace", "PrecompileTools", "Reexport", "SciMLBase", "Setfield", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "03c21a4c373c7c3aa77611430068badaa073d740"
+git-tree-sha1 = "4d7a7c177bcb4c6dc465f09db91bfdb28c578919"
 uuid = "727e6d20-b764-4bd8-a329-72de5adea6c7"
-version = "1.11.0"
+version = "1.12.0"
 
     [deps.SimpleNonlinearSolve.extensions]
     SimpleNonlinearSolveChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -2515,9 +2513,9 @@ version = "1.10.0"
 
 [[deps.SparseDiffTools]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "Compat", "DataStructures", "FiniteDiff", "ForwardDiff", "Graphs", "LinearAlgebra", "PackageExtensionCompat", "Random", "Reexport", "SciMLOperators", "Setfield", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrayInterface", "StaticArrays", "Tricks", "UnPack", "VertexSafeGraphs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "469f51f8c4741ce944be2c0b65423b518b1405b0"
+git-tree-sha1 = "c9e5d7ee75cf6a1ca3a22c9a6a4ef451792cf62b"
 uuid = "47a9eef4-7e08-11e9-0b38-333d64bd3804"
-version = "2.19.0"
+version = "2.20.0"
 
     [deps.SparseDiffTools.extensions]
     SparseDiffToolsEnzymeExt = "Enzyme"
@@ -2568,10 +2566,10 @@ uuid = "aedffcd0-7271-4cad-89d0-dc628f76c6d3"
 version = "1.1.1"
 
 [[deps.StaticArrayInterface]]
-deps = ["ArrayInterface", "Compat", "IfElse", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "SparseArrays", "Static", "SuiteSparse"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8963e5a083c837531298fc41599182a759a87a6d"
+deps = ["ArrayInterface", "Compat", "IfElse", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools", "Static"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "96381d50f1ce85f2663584c8e886a6ca97e60554"
 uuid = "0d7ed370-da01-4f52-bd93-41d350b8b718"
-version = "1.5.1"
+version = "1.8.0"
 weakdeps = ["OffsetArrays", "StaticArrays"]
 
     [deps.StaticArrayInterface.extensions]
@@ -2674,9 +2672,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ClimaParams"]
 
 [[deps.SymbolicIndexingInterface]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2dd32da03adaf43fd91494e38ef3df0ab2e6c20e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "c9fce29fb41a10677e24f74421ebe31220b81ad0"
 uuid = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 
 [[deps.TOML]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2760,13 +2758,9 @@ uuid = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
 version = "0.5.24"
 
 [[deps.TranscodingStreams]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "96612ac5365777520c3c5396314c8cf7408f436a"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e84b3a11b9bece70d14cce63406bbc79ed3464d2"
 uuid = "3bb67fe8-82b1-5028-8e26-92a6c54297fa"
-version = "0.11.1"
-weakdeps = ["Random", "Test"]
-
-    [deps.TranscodingStreams.extensions]
-    TestExt = ["Test", "Random"]
+version = "0.11.2"
 
 [[deps.TriangularSolve]]
 deps = ["CloseOpenIntervals", "IfElse", "LayoutPointers", "LinearAlgebra", "LoopVectorization", "Polyester", "Static", "VectorizationBase"]
@@ -2792,9 +2786,9 @@ version = "1.4.0"
 
 [[deps.TypedSyntax]]
 deps = ["CodeTracking", "JuliaSyntax"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f3ea2aa283e95df02d6c9bf1e1896af88874579e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "9eb6c7118a6759ed23b22b9d955ab6bd76c98229"
 uuid = "d265eb64-f81a-44ad-a842-4247ee1503de"
-version = "1.3.1"
+version = "1.4.0"
 
 [[deps.URIs]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "67db6cc7b3821e19ebe75791a9dd19c9b1188f2b"
@@ -2832,9 +2826,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[deps.UnsafeAtomicsLLVM]]
 deps = ["LLVM", "UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bf2c553f25e954a9b38c9c0593a59bb13113f9e5"
+git-tree-sha1 = "4073c836c2befcb041e5fe306cb6abf621eb3140"
 uuid = "d80eeb9a-aca5-4d75-85e5-170c8b632249"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.2.0"
 
 [[deps.VTKBase]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "c2d0db3ef09f1942d08ea455a9e252594be5f3b6"
diff --git a/src/diagnostics/Diagnostics.jl b/src/diagnostics/Diagnostics.jl
index 3f2094286e..521abdfbf0 100644
--- a/src/diagnostics/Diagnostics.jl
+++ b/src/diagnostics/Diagnostics.jl
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ include(joinpath("..", "utils", "abbreviations.jl"))
 import ClimaDiagnostics:
     DiagnosticVariable, ScheduledDiagnostic, average_pre_output_hook!
 
+import LazyBroadcast: @lazy
+
 import ClimaDiagnostics.DiagnosticVariables: descriptive_short_name
 
 import ClimaDiagnostics.Schedules: EveryStepSchedule, EveryDtSchedule
diff --git a/src/diagnostics/core_diagnostics.jl b/src/diagnostics/core_diagnostics.jl
index 520b6ac942..d2e5eb2162 100644
--- a/src/diagnostics/core_diagnostics.jl
+++ b/src/diagnostics/core_diagnostics.jl
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #     ::T,
 # ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
 #     thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-#     out .= TD.relative_humidity.(thermo_params, cache.ᶜts)
+#     @lazy @. out = TD.relative_humidity.(thermo_params, cache.ᶜts)
 # end
 #
 # 2. Define a function that has the correct signature and calls this function
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 # compute_hur!(out, state, cache, time) =
 #     compute_hur!(out, state, cache, time, cache.atmos.moisture_model)
 #
-# 3. Define a function that returns an error when the model is incorrect
 #
 # compute_hur!(_, _, _, _, model::T) where {T} =
 #     error_diagnostic_variable("relative_humidity", model)
@@ -55,11 +54,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     standard_name = "air_density",
     units = "kg m^-3",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(state.c.ρ)
-        else
-            out .= state.c.ρ
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = state.c.ρ
     end,
 )
 
@@ -73,11 +68,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "m s^-1",
     comments = "Eastward (zonal) wind component",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(u_component.(Geometry.UVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu)))
-        else
-            out .= u_component.(Geometry.UVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = u_component(Geometry.UVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
     end,
 )
 
@@ -91,11 +82,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "m s^-1",
     comments = "Northward (meridional) wind component",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(v_component.(Geometry.VVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu)))
-        else
-            out .= v_component.(Geometry.VVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = v_component(Geometry.VVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
     end,
 )
 
@@ -112,11 +99,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "m s^-1",
     comments = "Vertical wind component",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(w_component.(Geometry.WVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu)))
-        else
-            out .= w_component.(Geometry.WVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = w_component(Geometry.WVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
     end,
 )
 
@@ -130,11 +113,8 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "K",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
         thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return TD.air_temperature.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        else
-            out .= TD.air_temperature.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        end
+        @lazy @. out =
+            TD.air_temperature(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
     end,
 )
 
@@ -148,11 +128,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "K",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
         thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return TD.dry_pottemp.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        else
-            out .= TD.dry_pottemp.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = TD.dry_pottemp(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
     end,
 )
 
@@ -165,11 +141,8 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "m^2 s^-2",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
         thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return TD.specific_enthalpy.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        else
-            out .= TD.specific_enthalpy.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-        end
+        @lazy @. out =
+            TD.specific_enthalpy(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
     end,
 )
 
@@ -181,11 +154,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     long_name = "Pressure at Model Full-Levels",
     units = "Pa",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.ᶜp)
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.ᶜp
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.ᶜp
     end,
 )
 
@@ -202,11 +171,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
         vort = @. w_component.(Geometry.WVector.(cache.precomputed.ᶜu))
         # We need to ensure smoothness, so we call DSS
         Spaces.weighted_dss!(vort)
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(vort)
-        else
-            out .= vort
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = vort
     end,
 )
 
@@ -218,11 +183,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     long_name = "Cloud fraction",
     units = "%",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.cf) .* 100
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.cf .* 100
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.cf .* 100
     end,
 )
 
@@ -236,11 +197,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     units = "m^2 s^-2",
     comments = "The kinetic energy on cell centers",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.ᶜK)
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.ᶜK
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.ᶜK
     end,
 )
 
@@ -256,11 +213,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     or from mixing length closure with EDMF SGS model.
     """,
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.ᶜmixing_length)
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.ᶜmixing_length
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.ᶜmixing_length
     end,
 )
 
@@ -272,11 +225,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     long_name = "Linearized Buoyancy Gradient",
     units = "s^-2",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.ᶜlinear_buoygrad)
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.ᶜlinear_buoygrad
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.ᶜlinear_buoygrad
     end,
 )
 
@@ -288,11 +237,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     long_name = "String Rate Magnitude",
     units = "s^-2",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return copy(cache.precomputed.ᶜstrain_rate_norm)
-        else
-            out .= cache.precomputed.ᶜstrain_rate_norm
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.ᶜstrain_rate_norm
     end,
 )
 
@@ -312,11 +257,7 @@ function compute_hur!(
     moisture_model::T,
 ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
     thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return TD.relative_humidity.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-    else
-        out .= TD.relative_humidity.(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = TD.relative_humidity(thermo_params, cache.precomputed.ᶜts)
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -343,11 +284,7 @@ function compute_hus!(
     time,
     moisture_model::T,
 ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return state.c.ρq_tot ./ state.c.ρ
-    else
-        out .= state.c.ρq_tot ./ state.c.ρ
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = state.c.ρq_tot ./ state.c.ρ
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -375,11 +312,7 @@ function compute_clw!(
     moisture_model::T,
 ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
     thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return copy(cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_liq)
-    else
-        out .= cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_liq
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_liq
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -411,11 +344,7 @@ function compute_cli!(
     moisture_model::T,
 ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
     thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return copy(cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_ice)
-    else
-        out .= cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_ice
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = cache.precomputed.cloud_diagnostics_tuple.q_ice
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -447,18 +376,10 @@ function compute_hussfc!(
     moisture_model::T,
 ) where {T <: Union{EquilMoistModel, NonEquilMoistModel}}
     thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return TD.total_specific_humidity.(
-            thermo_params,
-            cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
-        )
-    else
-        out .=
-            TD.total_specific_humidity.(
-                thermo_params,
-                cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
-            )
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = TD.total_specific_humidity(
+        thermo_params,
+        cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
+    )
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -481,18 +402,10 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
     comments = "Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere",
     compute! = (out, state, cache, time) -> begin
         thermo_params = CAP.thermodynamics_params(cache.params)
-        if isnothing(out)
-            return TD.air_temperature.(
-                thermo_params,
-                cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
-            )
-        else
-            out .=
-                TD.air_temperature.(
-                    thermo_params,
-                    cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
-                )
-        end
+        @lazy @. out = TD.air_temperature(
+            thermo_params,
+            cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions.ts,
+        )
     end,
 )
 
@@ -549,11 +462,7 @@ add_diagnostic_variable!(
 function compute_hfes!(out, state, cache, time)
     (; ρ_flux_h_tot) = cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions
     (; surface_ct3_unit) = cache.core
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return dot.(ρ_flux_h_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
-    else
-        out .= dot.(ρ_flux_h_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = dot(ρ_flux_h_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -582,11 +491,7 @@ function compute_evspsbl!(
     (; ρ_flux_q_tot) = cache.precomputed.sfc_conditions
     (; surface_ct3_unit) = cache.core
 
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return dot.(ρ_flux_q_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
-    else
-        out .= dot.(ρ_flux_q_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = dot(ρ_flux_q_tot, surface_ct3_unit)
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -616,14 +521,9 @@ function compute_pr!(
         Microphysics1Moment,
     },
 )
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return cache.precipitation.surface_rain_flux .+
-               cache.precipitation.surface_snow_flux
-    else
-        out .=
-            cache.precipitation.surface_rain_flux .+
-            cache.precipitation.surface_snow_flux
-    end
+    @lazy @. out =
+        cache.precipitation.surface_rain_flux .+
+        cache.precipitation.surface_snow_flux
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -650,11 +550,7 @@ function compute_husra!(
     time,
     precip_model::Microphysics1Moment,
 )
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return state.c.ρq_rai ./ state.c.ρ
-    else
-        out .= state.c.ρq_rai ./ state.c.ρ
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = state.c.ρq_rai ./ state.c.ρ
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(
@@ -681,11 +577,7 @@ function compute_hussn!(
     time,
     precip_model::Microphysics1Moment,
 )
-    if isnothing(out)
-        return state.c.ρq_sno ./ state.c.ρ
-    else
-        out .= state.c.ρq_sno ./ state.c.ρ
-    end
+    @lazy @. out = state.c.ρq_sno / state.c.ρ
 end
 
 add_diagnostic_variable!(