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INSTALL
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Perm Installation Instructions
This document describes the installation of Perm from the source code
distribution. Since Perm is based on PostgreSQL the installation
process and this document largely overlap with the PostgreSQL version.
_________________________________________________________________
Required Packages Overview
Flex 2.5.4 or later
Bison 1.875 or later
libxslt-dev
libxml-dev
libz
ISO/ANSI C Compiler preferably gcc
GNU make
_________________________________________________________________
Short Version
to install everything under INSTALLDIR and create a cluster at CLUSTERDIR do:
./configure --with-libxml --with-libxslt --prefix=INSTALLDIR
make
make install
mkdir CLUSTERDIR
INSTALLDIR/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
INSTALLDIR/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
INSTALLDIR/bin/createdb test
INSTALLDIR/bin/psql test
test=# CREATE LANGUAGE plpgsql;
test=# \i /pathToPermCode/contrib/xml2/pgxml.sql
The long version is the rest of this document.
_________________________________________________________________
Requirements
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received specific testing at the
time of release are listed in the Section called Supported Platforms
below. In the "doc" subdirectory of the distribution there are several
platform-specific FAQ documents you might wish to consult if you are
having trouble.
The following software packages are required for building PostgreSQL:
* GNU make is required; other make programs will *not* work. GNU
make is often installed under the name "gmake"; this document will
always refer to it by that name. (On some systems GNU make is the
default tool with the name "make".) To test for GNU make enter
gmake --version
It is recommended to use version 3.76.1 or later.
* You need an ISO/ANSI C compiler. Recent versions of GCC are
recommendable, but PostgreSQL is known to build with a wide
variety of compilers from different vendors.
* tar is required to unpack the source distribution in the first
place, in addition to either gzip or bzip2.
* The GNU Readline library (for simple line editing and command
history retrieval) is used by default. If you don't want to use it
then you must specify the "--without-readline" option for
"configure". As an alternative, you can often use the BSD-licensed
"libedit" library, originally developed on NetBSD. The "libedit"
library is GNU Readline-compatible and is used if "libreadline" is
not found, or if "--with-libedit-preferred" is used as an option
to "configure". If you are using a package-based Linux
distribution, be aware that you need both the readline and
readline-devel packages, if those are separate in your
distribution.
* The zlib compression library will be used by default. If you don't
want to use it then you must specify the "--without-zlib" option
for "configure". Using this option disables support for compressed
archives in pg_dump and pg_restore.
The following packages are optional. They are not required in the
default configuration, but they are needed when certain build options
are enabled, as explained below.
* To build the server programming language PL/Perl you need a full
Perl installation, including the "libperl" library and the header
files. Since PL/Perl will be a shared library, the "libperl"
library must be a shared library also on most platforms. This
appears to be the default in recent Perl versions, but it was not
in earlier versions, and in any case it is the choice of whomever
installed Perl at your site.
If you don't have the shared library but you need one, a message
like this will appear during the build to point out this fact:
*** Cannot build PL/Perl because libperl is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Perl installation. Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
(If you don't follow the on-screen output you will merely notice
that the PL/Perl library object, "plperl.so" or similar, will not
be installed.) If you see this, you will have to rebuild and
install Perl manually to be able to build PL/Perl. During the
configuration process for Perl, request a shared library.
* To build the PL/Python server programming language, you need a
Python installation with the header files and the distutils
module. The distutils module is included by default with Python
1.6 and later; users of earlier versions of Python will need to
install it.
Since PL/Python will be a shared library, the "libpython" library
must be a shared library also on most platforms. This is not the
case in a default Python installation. If after building and
installing you have a file called "plpython.so" (possibly a
different extension), then everything went well. Otherwise you
should have seen a notice like this flying by:
*** Cannot build PL/Python because libpython is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Python installation. Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
That means you have to rebuild (part of) your Python installation
to supply this shared library.
If you have problems, run Python 2.3 or later's configure using
the --enable-shared flag. On some operating systems you don't have
to build a shared library, but you will have to convince the
PostgreSQL build system of this. Consult the "Makefile" in the
"src/pl/plpython" directory for details.
* If you want to build the PL/Tcl procedural language, you of course
need a Tcl installation. If you are using a pre-8.4 release of
Tcl, ensure that it was built without multithreading support.
* To enable Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the ability to
display a program's messages in a language other than English, you
need an implementation of the Gettext API. Some operating systems
have this built-in (e.g., Linux, NetBSD, Solaris), for other
systems you can download an add-on package from
http://developer.postgresql.org/~petere/bsd-gettext/. If you are
using the Gettext implementation in the GNU C library then you
will additionally need the GNU Gettext package for some utility
programs. For any of the other implementations you will not need
it.
* Kerberos, OpenSSL, OpenLDAP, and/or PAM, if you want to support
authentication or encryption using these services.
If you are building from a CVS tree instead of using a released source
package, or if you want to do development, you also need the following
packages:
* GNU Flex and Bison are needed to build a CVS checkout or if you
changed the actual scanner and parser definition files. If you
need them, be sure to get Flex 2.5.4 or later and Bison 1.875 or
later. Other yacc programs can sometimes be used, but doing so
requires extra effort and is not recommended. Other lex programs
will definitely not work.
If you need to get a GNU package, you can find it at your local GNU
mirror site (see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html for a list) or at
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/.
Also check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 65
MB for the source tree during compilation and about 15 MB for the
installation directory. An empty database cluster takes about 25 MB,
databases take about five times the amount of space that a flat text
file with the same data would take. If you are going to run the
regression tests you will temporarily need up to an extra 90 MB. Use
the "df" command to check free disk space.
_________________________________________________________________
Upgrading
These instructions assume that your existing installation is under the
"/usr/local/pgsql" directory, and that the data area is in
"/usr/local/pgsql/data". Substitute your paths appropriately.
The internal data storage format typically changes in every major
release of PostgreSQL. Therefore, if you are upgrading an existing
installation that does not have a version number of "8.3.x", you must
back up and restore your data. If you are upgrading from PostgreSQL
"8.3.x", the new version can use your current data files so you should
skip the backup and restore steps below because they are unnecessary.
1. If making a backup, make sure that your database is being updated.
This does not affect the integrity of the backup, but the changed
data would of course not be included. If necessary, edit the
permissions in the file "/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf" (or
equivalent) to disallow access from everyone except you.
To back up your database installation, type:
pg_dumpall > outputfile
If you need to preserve OIDs (such as when using them as foreign
keys), then use the "-o" option when running pg_dumpall.
To make the backup, you can use the pg_dumpall command from the
version you are currently running. For best results, however, try
to use the pg_dumpall command from PostgreSQL 8.3.0, since this
version contains bug fixes and improvements over older versions.
While this advice might seem idiosyncratic since you haven't
installed the new version yet, it is advisable to follow it if you
plan to install the new version in parallel with the old version.
In that case you can complete the installation normally and
transfer the data later. This will also decrease the downtime.
2. Shut down the old server:
pg_ctl stop
On systems that have PostgreSQL started at boot time, there is
probably a start-up file that will accomplish the same thing. For
example, on a Red Hat Linux system one might find that
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql stop
works.
3. If restoring from backup, rename or delete the old installation
directory. It is a good idea to rename the directory, rather than
delete it, in case you have trouble and need to revert to it. Keep
in mind the directory might consume significant disk space. To
rename the directory, use a command like this:
mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
4. Install the new version of PostgreSQL as outlined in the next
section.
5. Create a new database cluster if needed. Remember that you must
execute these commands while logged in to the special database
user account (which you already have if you are upgrading).
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
6. Restore your previous "pg_hba.conf" and any "postgresql.conf"
modifications.
7. Start the database server, again from the special database user
account:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
8. Finally, restore your data from backup with
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d postgres -f outputfile
using the *new* psql.
Further discussion appears in the documentation, including
instructions on how the previous installation can continue running
while the new installation is installed.
_________________________________________________________________
Installation Procedure
1. Configuration
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
This is done by running the "configure" script. For a default
installation simply enter
./configure
This script will run a number of tests to guess values for various
system dependent variables and detect some quirks of your
operating system, and finally will create several files in the
build tree to record what it found. (You can also run "configure"
in a directory outside the source tree if you want to keep the
build directory separate.)
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a
C compiler. All files will be installed under "/usr/local/pgsql"
by default.
You can customize the build and installation process by supplying
one or more of the following command line options to "configure":
--prefix=PREFIX
Install all files under the directory "PREFIX" instead of
"/usr/local/pgsql". The actual files will be installed
into various subdirectories; no files will ever be
installed directly into the "PREFIX" directory.
If you have special needs, you can also customize the
individual subdirectories with the following options.
However, if you leave these with their defaults, the
installation will be relocatable, meaning you can move
the directory after installation. (The man and doc
locations are not affected by this.)
For relocatable installs, you might want to use
"configure"'s --disable-rpath option. Also, you will need
to tell the operating system how to find the shared
libraries.
--exec-prefix=EXEC-PREFIX
You can install architecture-dependent files under a
different prefix, "EXEC-PREFIX", than what "PREFIX" was
set to. This can be useful to share
architecture-independent files between hosts. If you omit
this, then "EXEC-PREFIX" is set equal to "PREFIX" and
both architecture-dependent and independent files will be
installed under the same tree, which is probably what you
want.
--bindir=DIRECTORY
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The
default is "EXEC-PREFIX/bin", which normally means
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin".
--datadir=DIRECTORY
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is "PREFIX/share". Note
that this has nothing to do with where your database
files will be placed.
--sysconfdir=DIRECTORY
The directory for various configuration files,
"PREFIX/etc" by default.
--libdir=DIRECTORY
The location to install libraries and dynamically
loadable modules. The default is "EXEC-PREFIX/lib".
--includedir=DIRECTORY
The directory for installing C and C++ header files. The
default is "PREFIX/include".
--mandir=DIRECTORY
The man pages that come with PostgreSQL will be installed
under this directory, in their respective "manx"
subdirectories. The default is "PREFIX/man".
--with-docdir=DIRECTORY, --without-docdir
Documentation files, except "man" pages, will be
installed into this directory. The default is
"PREFIX/doc". If the option "--without-docdir" is
specified, the documentation will not be installed by
"make install". This is intended for packaging scripts
that have special methods for installing documentation.
Note: Care has been taken to make it possible to install PostgreSQL
into shared installation locations (such as "/usr/local/include")
without interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system.
First, the string "/postgresql" is automatically appended to
datadir, sysconfdir, and docdir, unless the fully expanded
directory name already contains the string "postgres" or "pgsql".
For example, if you choose "/usr/local" as prefix, the
documentation will be installed in "/usr/local/doc/postgresql", but
if the prefix is "/opt/postgres", then it will be in
"/opt/postgres/doc". The public C header files of the client
interfaces are installed into includedir and are namespace-clean.
The internal header files and the server header files are installed
into private directories under includedir. See the documentation of
each interface for information about how to get at the its header
files. Finally, a private subdirectory will also be created, if
appropriate, under libdir for dynamically loadable modules.
--with-includes=DIRECTORIES
"DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories
that will be added to the list the compiler searches for
header files. If you have optional packages (such as GNU
Readline) installed in a non-standard location, you have
to use this option and probably also the corresponding
"--with-libraries" option.
Example:
--with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include.
--with-libraries=DIRECTORIES
"DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories to
search for libraries. You will probably have to use this
option (and the corresponding "--with-includes" option)
if you have packages installed in non-standard locations.
Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib.
--enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
Enables Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the
ability to display a program's messages in a language
other than English. "LANGUAGES" is a space-separated list
of codes of the languages that you want supported, for
example --enable-nls='de fr'. (The intersection between
your list and the set of actually provided translations
will be computed automatically.) If you do not specify a
list, then all available translations are installed.
To use this option, you will need an implementation of
the Gettext API; see above.
--with-pgport=NUMBER
Set "NUMBER" as the default port number for server and
clients. The default is 5432. The port can always be
changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled
in, which can be very convenient. Usually the only good
reason to select a non-default value is if you intend to
run multiple PostgreSQL servers on the same machine.
--with-perl
Build the PL/Perl server-side language.
--with-python
Build the PL/Python server-side language.
--with-tcl
Build the PL/Tcl server-side language.
--with-tclconfig=DIRECTORY
Tcl installs the file "tclConfig.sh", which contains
configuration information needed to build modules
interfacing to Tcl. This file is normally found
automatically at a well-known location, but if you want
to use a different version of Tcl you can specify the
directory in which to look for it.
--with-gssapi
Build with support for GSSAPI authentication. On many
systems, the GSSAPI (usually a part of the Kerberos
installation) system is not installed in a location that
is searched by default (e.g., "/usr/include",
"/usr/lib"), so you must use the options
"--with-includes" and "--with-libraries" in addition to
this option. "configure" will check for the required
header files and libraries to make sure that your GSSAPI
installation is sufficient before proceeding.
--with-krb5
Build with support for Kerberos 5 authentication. On many
systems, the Kerberos system is not installed in a
location that is searched by default (e.g.,
"/usr/include", "/usr/lib"), so you must use the options
"--with-includes" and "--with-libraries" in addition to
this option. "configure" will check for the required
header files and libraries to make sure that your
Kerberos installation is sufficient before proceeding.
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME
The default name of the Kerberos service principal (also
used by GSSAPI). postgres is the default. There's usually
no reason to change this unless you have a Windows
environment, in which case it must be set to uppercase
POSTGRES.
--with-openssl
Build with support for SSL (encrypted) connections. This
requires the OpenSSL package to be installed. "configure"
will check for the required header files and libraries to
make sure that your OpenSSL installation is sufficient
before proceeding.
--with-pam
Build with PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
support.
--with-ldap
Build with LDAP support for authentication and connection
parameter lookup (see the documentation about client
authentication and libpq for more information). On Unix,
this requires the OpenLDAP package to be installed.
"configure" will check for the required header files and
libraries to make sure that your OpenLDAP installation is
sufficient before proceeding. On Windows, the default
WinLDAP library is used.
--without-readline
Prevents use of the Readline library (and libedit as
well). This option disables command-line editing and
history in psql, so it is not recommended.
--with-libedit-preferred
Favors the use of the BSD-licensed libedit library rather
than GPL-licensed Readline. This option is significant
only if you have both libraries installed; the default in
that case is to use Readline.
--with-bonjour
Build with Bonjour support. This requires Bonjour support
in your operating system. Recommended on Mac OS X.
--with-ossp-uuid
Use the OSSP UUID library when building
"contrib/uuid-ossp". The library provides functions to
generate UUIDs.
--with-libxml
Build with libxml (enables SQL/XML support). Libxml
version 2.6.23 or later is required for this feature.
Libxml installs a program "xml2-config" that can be used
to detect the required compiler and linker options.
PostgreSQL will use it automatically if found. To specify
a libxml installation at an unusual location, you can
either set the environment variable XML2_CONFIG to point
to the "xml2-config" program belonging to the
installation, or use the options "--with-includes" and
"--with-libraries".
NOTE: Perm requires this option for transformation
provenance and meta querying.
--with-libxslt
Use libxslt when building "contrib/xml2". "contrib/xml2"
relies on this library to perform XSL transformations of
XML.
NOTE: Perm requires this option for transformation
provenance and meta querying.
--enable-integer-datetimes
Use 64-bit integer storage for datetimes and intervals,
rather than the default floating-point storage. This
reduces the range of representable values but guarantees
microsecond precision across the full range (see the
documentation about datetime datatypes for more
information).
--disable-spinlocks
Allow the build to succeed even if PostgreSQL has no CPU
spinlock support for the platform. The lack of spinlock
support will result in poor performance; therefore, this
option should only be used if the build aborts and
informs you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If
this option is required to build PostgreSQL on your
platform, please report the problem to the PostgreSQL
developers.
--enable-thread-safety
Make the client libraries thread-safe. This allows
concurrent threads in libpq and ECPG programs to safely
control their private connection handles. This option
requires adequate threading support in your operating
system.
--with-system-tzdata=DIRECTORY
PostgreSQL includes its own time zone database, which it
requires for date and time operations. This time zone
database is in fact compatible with the "zic" time zone
database provided by many operating systems such as
FreeBSD, Linux, and Solaris, so it would be redundant to
install it again. When this option is used, the
system-supplied time zone database in "DIRECTORY" is used
instead of the one included in the PostgreSQL source
distribution. "DIRECTORY" must be specified as an
absolute path. "/usr/share/zoneinfo" is a likely
directory on some operating systems. Note that the
installation routine will not detect mismatching or
erroneous time zone data. If you use this option, you are
advised to run the regression tests to verify that the
time zone data you have pointed to works correctly with
PostgreSQL.
This option is mainly aimed at binary package
distributors who know their target operating system well.
The main advantage of using this option is that the
PostgreSQL package won't need to be upgraded whenever any
of the many local daylight-saving time rules change.
Another advantage is that PostgreSQL can be
cross-compiled more straightforwardly if the time zone
database files do not need to be built during the
installation.
--without-zlib
Prevents use of the Zlib library. This disables support
for compressed archives in pg_dump and pg_restore. This
option is only intended for those rare systems where this
library is not available.
--enable-debug
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging
symbols. This means that you can run the programs through
a debugger to analyze problems. This enlarges the size of
the installed executables considerably, and on non-GCC
compilers it usually also disables compiler optimization,
causing slowdowns. However, having the symbols available
is extremely helpful for dealing with any problems that
might arise. Currently, this option is recommended for
production installations only if you use GCC. But you
should always have it on if you are doing development
work or running a beta version.
--enable-profiling
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled so
they can be profiled. On backend exit, a subdirectory
will be created that contains the "gmon.out" file for use
in profiling. This option is for use only with GCC and
when doing development work.
--enable-cassert
Enables assertion checks in the server, which test for
many "cannot happen" conditions. This is invaluable for
code development purposes, but the tests slow things down
a little. Also, having the tests turned on won't
necessarily enhance the stability of your server! The
assertion checks are not categorized for severity, and so
what might be a relatively harmless bug will still lead
to server restarts if it triggers an assertion failure.
Currently, this option is not recommended for production
use, but you should have it on for development work or
when running a beta version.
--enable-depend
Enables automatic dependency tracking. With this option,
the makefiles are set up so that all affected object
files will be rebuilt when any header file is changed.
This is useful if you are doing development work, but is
just wasted overhead if you intend only to compile once
and install. At present, this option will work only if
you use GCC.
--enable-dtrace
Compiles with support for the dynamic tracing tool
DTrace. Operating system support for DTrace is currently
only available in Solaris.
To point to the "dtrace" program, the environment
variable DTRACE can be set. This will often be necessary
because "dtrace" is typically installed under
"/usr/sbin", which might not be in the path. Additional
command-line options for the "dtrace" program can be
specified in the environment variable DTRACEFLAGS.
To include DTrace support in a 64-bit binary, specify
DTRACEFLAGS="-64" to configure. For example, using the
GCC compiler:
./configure CC='gcc -m64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEFLAGS='-64' ...
Using Sun's compiler:
./configure CC='/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xtarget=native64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEF
LAGS='-64' ...
If you prefer a C compiler different from the one "configure"
picks, you can set the environment variable CC to the program of
your choice. By default, "configure" will pick "gcc" if available,
else the platform's default (usually "cc"). Similarly, you can
override the default compiler flags if needed with the CFLAGS
variable.
You can specify environment variables on the "configure" command
line, for example:
./configure CC=/opt/bin/gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe'
Here is a list of the significant variables that can be set in
this manner:
CC
C compiler
CFLAGS
options to pass to the C compiler
CPP
C preprocessor
CPPFLAGS
options to pass to the C preprocessor
DTRACE
location of the "dtrace" program
DTRACEFLAGS
options to pass to the "dtrace" program
LDFLAGS
options to pass to the link editor
LDFLAGS_SL
linker options for shared library linking
MSGFMT
"msgfmt" program for native language support
PERL
Full path to the Perl interpreter. This will be used to
determine the dependencies for building PL/Perl.
PYTHON
Full path to the Python interpreter. This will be used to
determine the dependencies for building PL/Python.
TCLSH
Full path to the Tcl interpreter. This will be used to
determine the dependencies for building PL/Tcl.
XML2_CONFIG
"xml2-config" program used to locate the libxml
installation.
YACC
Yacc program (bison -y if using Bison)
2. Build
To start the build, type
gmake
(Remember to use GNU make.) The build will take a few minutes
depending on your hardware. The last line displayed should be
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
3. Regression Tests
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
tests are a test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your
machine in the way the developers expected it to. Type
gmake check
(This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.) The file
"src/test/regress/README" and the documentation contain detailed
information about interpreting the test results. You can repeat
this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
4. Installing The Files
Note: If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to
install the new files over the old ones, be sure to back up your
data and shut down the old server before proceeding, as explained
in the Section called Upgrading above.
To install PostgreSQL enter
gmake install
This will install files into the directories that were specified
in step 1. Make sure that you have appropriate permissions to
write into that area. Normally you need to do this step as root.
Alternatively, you could create the target directories in advance
and arrange for appropriate permissions to be granted.
You can use gmake install-strip instead of gmake install to strip
the executable files and libraries as they are installed. This
will save some space. If you built with debugging support,
stripping will effectively remove the debugging support, so it
should only be done if debugging is no longer needed.
install-strip tries to do a reasonable job saving space, but it
does not have perfect knowledge of how to strip every unneeded
byte from an executable file, so if you want to save all the disk
space you possibly can, you will have to do manual work.
The standard installation provides all the header files needed for
client application development as well as for server-side program
development, such as custom functions or data types written in C.
(Prior to PostgreSQL 8.0, a separate gmake install-all-headers
command was needed for the latter, but this step has been folded
into the standard install.)
Client-only installation: If you want to install only the client
applications and interface libraries, then you can use these
commands:
gmake -C src/bin install
gmake -C src/include install
gmake -C src/interfaces install
gmake -C doc install
"src/bin" has a few binaries for server-only use, but they are
small.
Registering eventlog on Windows: To register a Windows eventlog
library with the operating system, issue this command after
installation:
regsvr32 pgsql_library_directory/pgevent.dll
This creates registry entries used by the event viewer.
Uninstallation: To undo the installation use the command "gmake
uninstall". However, this will not remove any created directories.
Cleaning: After the installation you can make room by removing the
built files from the source tree with the command "gmake clean". This
will preserve the files made by the "configure" program, so that you
can rebuild everything with "gmake" later on. To reset the source tree
to the state in which it was distributed, use "gmake distclean". If
you are going to build for several platforms within the same source
tree you must do this and re-configure for each build. (Alternatively,
use a separate build tree for each platform, so that the source tree
remains unmodified.)
If you perform a build and then discover that your "configure" options
were wrong, or if you change anything that "configure" investigates
(for example, software upgrades), then it's a good idea to do "gmake
distclean" before reconfiguring and rebuilding. Without this, your
changes in configuration choices might not propagate everywhere they
need to.
_________________________________________________________________
Post-Installation Setup
Shared Libraries
On some systems that have shared libraries (which most systems do) you
need to tell your system how to find the newly installed shared
libraries. The systems on which this is *not* necessary include
BSD/OS, FreeBSD, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Tru64 UNIX
(formerly Digital UNIX), and Solaris.
The method to set the shared library search path varies between
platforms, but the most widely usable method is to set the environment
variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH like so: In Bourne shells ("sh", "ksh",
"bash", "zsh"):
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
or in "csh" or "tcsh":
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
Replace /usr/local/pgsql/lib with whatever you set "--libdir" to in
step 1. You should put these commands into a shell start-up file such
as "/etc/profile" or "~/.bash_profile". Some good information about
the caveats associated with this method can be found at
http://www.visi.com/~barr/ldpath.html.
On some systems it might be preferable to set the environment variable
LD_RUN_PATH *before* building.
On Cygwin, put the library directory in the PATH or move the ".dll"
files into the "bin" directory.
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system (perhaps "ld.so"
or "rld"). If you later on get a message like
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.
If you are on BSD/OS, Linux, or SunOS 4 and you have root access you
can run:
/sbin/ldconfig /usr/local/pgsql/lib
(or equivalent directory) after installation to enable the run-time
linker to find the shared libraries faster. Refer to the manual page
of "ldconfig" for more information. On FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD
the command is:
/sbin/ldconfig -m /usr/local/pgsql/lib
instead. Other systems are not known to have an equivalent command.
_________________________________________________________________
Environment Variables
If you installed into "/usr/local/pgsql" or some other location that
is not searched for programs by default, you should add
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin" (or whatever you set "--bindir" to in step 1)
into your PATH. Strictly speaking, this is not necessary, but it will
make the use of PostgreSQL much more convenient.
To do this, add the following to your shell start-up file, such as
"~/.bash_profile" (or "/etc/profile", if you want it to affect every
user):
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PATH
If you are using "csh" or "tcsh", then use this command:
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )
To enable your system to find the man documentation, you need to add
lines like the following to a shell start-up file unless you installed
into a location that is searched by default:
MANPATH=/usr/local/pgsql/man:$MANPATH
export MANPATH
The environment variables PGHOST and PGPORT specify to client
applications the host and port of the database server, overriding the
compiled-in defaults. If you are going to run client applications
remotely then it is convenient if every user that plans to use the
database sets PGHOST. This is not required, however: the settings can
be communicated via command line options to most client programs.
_________________________________________________________________
Getting Started
The following is a quick summary of how to get PostgreSQL up and
running once installed. The main documentation contains more
information.
1. Create a user account for the PostgreSQL server. This is the user
the server will run as. For production use you should create a
separate, unprivileged account ("postgres" is commonly used). If
you do not have root access or just want to play around, your own
user account is enough, but running the server as root is a
security risk and will not work.
adduser postgres
2. Create a database installation with the "initdb" command. To run
"initdb" you must be logged in to your PostgreSQL server account.
It will not work as root.
root# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# su - postgres
postgres$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
The "-D" option specifies the location where the data will be
stored. You can use any path you want, it does not have to be
under the installation directory. Just make sure that the server
account can write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't
already exist) before starting "initdb", as illustrated here.
3. At this point, if you did not use the "initdb" -A option, you
might want to modify "pg_hba.conf" to control local access to the
server before you start it. The default is to trust all local
users.
4. The previous "initdb" step should have told you how to start up
the database server. Do so now. The command should look something
like:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server in
the background use something like:
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
</dev/null >>server.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
To stop a server running in the background you can type:
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
5. Create a database:
createdb testdb
Then enter
psql testdb
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL
commands and start experimenting.
6. Install XML UDF functions. Perm uses these functions for XSLT
function support and some of the meta-querying facilities. Start
the server and connect to a database using psql. E.g.:
postmaster -D mycluster &
psql test
Use the input command ("\i") of psql to execute the sql script in
the "contrib/xml2" directory of the Perm source code directory.
For example:
testdb=#\i permCode/contrib/xml2/pgxml.sql
_________________________________________________________________
What Now?
* The PostgreSQL distribution contains a comprehensive documentation
set, which you should read sometime. After installation, the
documentation can be accessed by pointing your browser to
"/usr/local/pgsql/doc/html/index.html", unless you changed the
installation directories.
The first few chapters of the main documentation are the Tutorial,
which should be your first reading if you are completely new to
SQL databases. If you are familiar with database concepts then you
want to proceed with part on server administration, which contains
information about how to set up the database server, database
users, and authentication.
* Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
automatically start the database server whenever it boots. Some
suggestions for this are in the documentation.
* Run the regression tests against the installed server (using
"gmake installcheck"). If you didn't run the tests before
installation, you should definitely do it now. This is also
explained in the documentation.
* By default, PostgreSQL is configured to run on minimal hardware.
This allows it to start up with almost any hardware configuration.
The default configuration is, however, not designed for optimum
performance. To achieve optimum performance, several server
parameters must be adjusted, the two most common being
shared_buffers and work_mem. Other parameters mentioned in the
documentation also affect performance.
_________________________________________________________________
Supported Platforms
A platform (that is, a CPU architecture and operating system
combination) is considered supported by the PostgreSQL development
community if the code contains provisions to work on that platform and
it has recently been verified to build and pass its regression tests
on that platform. Currently, most testing of platform compatibility is
done automatically by test machines in the PostgreSQL Build Farm. If
you are interested in using PostgreSQL on a platform that is not
represented in the build farm, but on which the code works or can be
made to work, you are strongly encouraged to set up a build farm
member machine so that continued compatibility can be assured.
In general, PostgreSQL can be expected to work on these CPU
architectures: x86, x86_64, IA64, PowerPC, PowerPC 64, S/390, S/390x,
Sparc, Sparc 64, Alpha, ARM, MIPS, MIPSEL, M68K, and PA-RISC. Code
support exists for M32R, NS32K, and VAX, but these architectures are
not known to have been tested recently. It is often possible to build
on an unsupported CPU type by configuring with "--disable-spinlocks",
but performance will be poor.
PostgreSQL can be expected to work on these operating systems: Linux
(all recent distributions), Windows (Win2000 SP4 and later), FreeBSD,
OpenBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X, AIX, HP/UX, IRIX, Solaris, Tru64 Unix, and
UnixWare. Other Unix-like systems may also work but are not currently
being tested. In most cases, all CPU architectures supported by a
given operating system will work. Look in the "doc/" directory of the
source distribution to see if there is a FAQ document specific to your
operating system, particularly if using an older system.
If you have installation problems on a platform that is known to be
supported according to recent build farm results, please report it to
<[email protected]>. If you are interested in porting
PostgreSQL to a new platform, <[email protected]> is the
appropriate place to discuss that.