From 8b05b8985efba36aea0efcd99692f910bc963255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter McGill <18149966+astrophpeter@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2025 20:18:31 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] JOSS paper submission (#47) * Add files needed for JOSS paper with the associated LLNL release number. * Update the date on the paper. --------- Co-authored-by: Alexx Perloff --- JOSS/ground_track.png | 3 + JOSS/orbit_plot.png | 3 + JOSS/paper.bib | 404 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JOSS/paper.md | 132 ++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 542 insertions(+) create mode 100644 JOSS/ground_track.png create mode 100644 JOSS/orbit_plot.png create mode 100644 JOSS/paper.bib create mode 100644 JOSS/paper.md diff --git a/JOSS/ground_track.png b/JOSS/ground_track.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef09a69 --- /dev/null +++ b/JOSS/ground_track.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7af1ebbca5db9702bb088200ef80afa4ada40f188cea7574fbfa37f897472a85 +size 1573431 diff --git a/JOSS/orbit_plot.png b/JOSS/orbit_plot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07981d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/JOSS/orbit_plot.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:60b56a82fff649d7f9b705909219b7a1ba9176a1ae9ac968f53a1b0b1184b190 +size 126636 diff --git a/JOSS/paper.bib b/JOSS/paper.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64a1678 --- /dev/null +++ b/JOSS/paper.bib @@ -0,0 +1,404 @@ +@techreport{Bernstein2021, + author = {Bernstein, Jason and Filippov, Andrey and Schneider, Michael and Miller, Caleb}, + title = {Quantifying Uncertainty in All-to-All Estimates of Space Object Conjunction Probabilities using U-Statistics}, + institution = {Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)}, + annote = {Predicting space object conjunctions is inherently probabilistic due to initial state and orbit model uncertainty. A commonly considered Monte Carlo estimator of the conjunction probability is the ’all-to-all’ estimator. Given independent random samples of the trajectories of both objects, the estimator is the percentage of all pairs of trajectories that result in a conjunction. Intuitively, the all-to-all estimator is the best possible estimator of the conjunction probability since it considers all pairs of Monte Carlo samples. However, its distribution is not available in closed-form, which limits its use in practice and makes this intuition difficult to make rigorous. In this paper, the all-to-all estimator is identified as a U-statistic, which implies that it has several favorable properties. Specifically, the estimator is the minimum variance unbiased estimator of the conjunction probability and is asymptotically Gaussian distributed. An approximate confidence interval for the conjunction probability is obtained from an estimate of the asymptotic Gaussian distribution. We show how to efficiently compute the confidence interval and demonstrate that the interval has the nominal coverage level. The confidence intervals are also seen to be narrower than those based on the commonly-used each-to-each estimator. Furthermore, the all-to-all estimator is shown to allow different Monte Carlo sample sizes, whereas the each-to-each estimator requires equal sample sizes.}, + doi = {10.2172/1825370}, + url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1825370}, + place = {United States}, + year = {2021}, + month = {10}} + +@misc{MOU, + author = "", + title = "Memorandum of Understanding between the National Aeronautics and Space +Administration and the United States Space Force", + howpublished = "", + month = "", + year = "2020", + note = "", + annote = "" +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Duggan2019, + + author={Duggan, Matthew and Simon, Xavier and Moseman, Travis}, + + booktitle={2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference}, + + title={Lander and Cislunar Gateway Architecture Concepts for Lunar Exploration}, + + year={2019}, + + volume={}, + + number={}, + + pages={1-9}, + + keywords={Logic gates;Moon;Space vehicles;Deep-space communications;Orbits;Propulsion;Robots}, + + doi={10.1109/AERO.2019.8741766}} + +} + +@inproceedings{Vallado2006, + title={Revisiting spacetrack report\# 3}, + author={Vallado, David and Crawford, Paul and Hujsak, Ricahrd and Kelso, TS}, + booktitle={AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit}, + pages={6753}, + year={2006} +} + + +@misc{Rhodes2023, + author = {Brandon Rhodes}, + title = {python-sgp4}, + year = {2023}, + publisher = {GitHub}, + journal = {GitHub repository}, + howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/brandon-rhodes/python-sgp4}}, +} + +@software{newville2024, + author = {Matt Newville and + Renee Otten and + Andrew Nelson and + Till Stensitzki and + Antonino Ingargiola and + Dan Allan and + Austin Fox and + Faustin Carter and + Michał and + Ray Osborn and + Dima Pustakhod and + Sebastian Weigand and + lneuhaus and + Andrey Aristov and + Glenn and + Mark and + mgunyho and + Christoph Deil and + Allan L. R. Hansen and + Gustavo Pasquevich and + Leon Foks and + Nicholas Zobrist and + Oliver Frost and + Stuermer and + Jean-Christophe Jaskula and + Shane Caldwell and + Pieter Eendebak and + Matteo Pompili and + Jens Hedegaard Nielsen and + Arun Persaud}, + title = {lmfit/lmfit-py: 1.3.2}, + month = jul, + year = 2024, + publisher = {Zenodo}, + version = {1.3.2}, + doi = {10.5281/zenodo.12785036}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785036} +} + +@software{Kerkwijk2023, + author = {Marten van Kerkwijk and + Erik Tollerud and + Antonio Valentino and + Thomas Robitaille and + Julien Woillez and + E. M. Bray and + Brigitta Sipőcz and + Michael Droettboom and + P. L. Lim and + Christoph Deil and + Michael Seifert and + Simon Conseil and + Tom Aldcroft and + Adrian Price-Whelan and + Hood Chatham and + StuartLittlefair and + Chris Beaumont and + Chris Lamb and + Daria Cara and + Devin Crichton and + Matt Davis and + Miguel de Val-Borro and + Sergio Pascual and + Stefan Heimersheim and + Stuart Mumford and + Tomas Babej and + Vatsala Swaroop and + Vishnunarayan K I and + Jani Šumak}, + title = {liberfa/pyerfa: v2.0.1.1}, + month = oct, + year = 2023, + publisher = {Zenodo}, + version = {v2.0.1.1}, + doi = {10.5281/zenodo.10023045}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10023045} +} + +@ARTICLE{Miller2022, + + author={Miller, Caleb and Corcoran, Jem N. and Schneider, Michael D.}, + + journal={IEEE Signal Processing Letters}, + + title={Rare Events via Cross-Entropy Population Monte Carlo}, + + year={2022}, + + volume={29}, + + number={}, + + pages={439-443}, + + keywords={Proposals;Monte Carlo methods;Statistics;Sociology;Signal processing algorithms;Artificial intelligence;Optimization;Adaptive importance sampling;cross-entropy;rare events}, + + doi={10.1109/LSP.2021.3139572}} + + +@ARTICLE{Rein2012, + author = {{Rein}, H. and {Liu}, S. -F.}, + title = "{REBOUND: an open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics}", + journal = {\aap}, + keywords = {methods: numerical, planets and satellites: rings, protoplanetary disks, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Physics - Computational Physics}, + year = 2012, + month = jan, + volume = {537}, + eid = {A128}, + pages = {A128}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201118085}, +archivePrefix = {arXiv}, + eprint = {1110.4876}, + primaryClass = {astro-ph.EP}, + adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A&A...537A.128R}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@inproceedings{Hughes2014, + title={Verification and validation of the general mission analysis tool (GMAT)}, + author={Hughes, Steven P and Qureshi, Rizwan H and Cooley, Steven D and Parker, Joel J}, + booktitle={AIAA/AAS astrodynamics specialist conference}, + pages={4151}, + year={2014} +} + + +@inproceedings{Yeager2023, + title = {{Long-term N-body Stability in Cislunar Space}}, + author = {Travis Yeager and Kerianne Pruett and Michael Schneider}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference}, + year = {2023}, + organization = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}, + note = {Copyright © 2024 Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS)}, + url = "https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2023/Poster/Yeager.pdf" +} + +@inproceedings{Higgins2024, + title = {{SOM-erizing Cislunar Orbits: Classification of Cislunar Orbits Using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)}}, + author = {Denvir Higgins and Kerianne Pruett and Travis Yeager and Michael Schneider}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference}, + year = {2024}, + organization = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}, + note = {Copyright © 2024 Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS)}, + url = "https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2024/Poster/Higgins.pdf" +} + +@inproceedings{Pruett2024, + title = {{Closely-Spaced Object Classification Using MuyGPyS}}, + author = {Pruett, Kerianne and McNaughton, Nathan and Schneider, Michael}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference}, + year = {2024}, + organization = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}, + note = {Copyright © 2024 Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS)}, + url = "https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2023/Poster/Pruett.pdf" +} + +@Article{Harris2020, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. 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{https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatMe..17..261V}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@ARTICLE{ForemanMackey2013, + author = {{Foreman-Mackey}, Daniel and {Hogg}, David W. and {Lang}, Dustin and {Goodman}, Jonathan}, + title = "{emcee: The MCMC Hammer}", + journal = {\pasp}, + keywords = {Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Computational Physics, Statistics - Computation}, + year = 2013, + month = mar, + volume = {125}, + number = {925}, + pages = {306}, + doi = {10.1086/670067}, +archivePrefix = {arXiv}, + eprint = {1202.3665}, + primaryClass = {astro-ph.IM}, + adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PASP..125..306F}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@article{astropy2013, +Adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}, +Adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A%26A...558A..33A}, +Archiveprefix = {arXiv}, +Author = {{Astropy Collaboration} and {Robitaille}, T.~P. and {Tollerud}, E.~J. and {Greenfield}, P. and {Droettboom}, M. and {Bray}, E. and {Aldcroft}, T. and {Davis}, M. and {Ginsburg}, A. and {Price-Whelan}, A.~M. and {Kerzendorf}, W.~E. and {Conley}, A. and {Crighton}, N. and {Barbary}, K. and {Muna}, D. and {Ferguson}, H. and {Grollier}, F. and {Parikh}, M.~M. and {Nair}, P.~H. and {Unther}, H.~M. and {Deil}, C. and {Woillez}, J. and {Conseil}, S. and {Kramer}, R. and {Turner}, J.~E.~H. and {Singer}, L. and {Fox}, R. and {Weaver}, B.~A. and {Zabalza}, V. and {Edwards}, Z.~I. and {Azalee Bostroem}, K. and {Burke}, D.~J. and {Casey}, A.~R. and {Crawford}, S.~M. and {Dencheva}, N. and {Ely}, J. and {Jenness}, T. and {Labrie}, K. and {Lim}, P.~L. and {Pierfederici}, F. and {Pontzen}, A. and {Ptak}, A. and {Refsdal}, B. and {Servillat}, M. and {Streicher}, O.}, +Doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201322068}, +Eid = {A33}, +Eprint = {1307.6212}, +Journal = {\aap}, +Keywords = {methods: data analysis, methods: miscellaneous, virtual observatory tools}, +Month = oct, +Pages = {A33}, +Primaryclass = {astro-ph.IM}, +Title = {{Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy}}, +Volume = 558, +Year = 2013, +Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322068}} + +@ARTICLE{astropy2018, + author = {{Astropy Collaboration} and {Price-Whelan}, A.~M. and + {Sip{\H{o}}cz}, B.~M. and {G{\"u}nther}, H.~M. and {Lim}, P.~L. and + {Crawford}, S.~M. and {Conseil}, S. and {Shupe}, D.~L. and + {Craig}, M.~W. and {Dencheva}, N. and {Ginsburg}, A. and {Vand + erPlas}, J.~T. and {Bradley}, L.~D. and {P{\'e}rez-Su{\'a}rez}, D. and + {de Val-Borro}, M. and {Aldcroft}, T.~L. and {Cruz}, K.~L. and + {Robitaille}, T.~P. and {Tollerud}, E.~J. and {Ardelean}, C. and + {Babej}, T. and {Bach}, Y.~P. and {Bachetti}, M. and {Bakanov}, A.~V. and + {Bamford}, S.~P. and {Barentsen}, G. and {Barmby}, P. and + {Baumbach}, A. and {Berry}, K.~L. and {Biscani}, F. and {Boquien}, M. and + {Bostroem}, K.~A. and {Bouma}, L.~G. and {Brammer}, G.~B. and + {Bray}, E.~M. and {Breytenbach}, H. and {Buddelmeijer}, H. and + {Burke}, D.~J. and {Calderone}, G. and {Cano Rodr{\'\i}guez}, J.~L. and + {Cara}, M. and {Cardoso}, J.~V.~M. and {Cheedella}, S. and {Copin}, Y. and + {Corrales}, L. and {Crichton}, D. and {D'Avella}, D. and {Deil}, C. and + {Depagne}, {\'E}. and {Dietrich}, J.~P. and {Donath}, A. and + {Droettboom}, M. and {Earl}, N. and {Erben}, T. and {Fabbro}, S. and + {Ferreira}, L.~A. and {Finethy}, T. and {Fox}, R.~T. and + {Garrison}, L.~H. and {Gibbons}, S.~L.~J. and {Goldstein}, D.~A. and + {Gommers}, R. and {Greco}, J.~P. and {Greenfield}, P. and + {Groener}, A.~M. and {Grollier}, F. and {Hagen}, A. and {Hirst}, P. and + {Homeier}, D. and {Horton}, A.~J. and {Hosseinzadeh}, G. and {Hu}, L. and + {Hunkeler}, J.~S. and {Ivezi{\'c}}, {\v{Z}}. and {Jain}, A. and + {Jenness}, T. and {Kanarek}, G. and {Kendrew}, S. and {Kern}, N.~S. and + {Kerzendorf}, W.~E. and {Khvalko}, A. and {King}, J. and {Kirkby}, D. and + {Kulkarni}, A.~M. and {Kumar}, A. and {Lee}, A. and {Lenz}, D. and + {Littlefair}, S.~P. and {Ma}, Z. and {Macleod}, D.~M. and + {Mastropietro}, M. and {McCully}, C. and {Montagnac}, S. and + {Morris}, B.~M. and {Mueller}, M. and {Mumford}, S.~J. and {Muna}, D. and + {Murphy}, N.~A. and {Nelson}, S. and {Nguyen}, G.~H. and + {Ninan}, J.~P. and {N{\"o}the}, M. and {Ogaz}, S. and {Oh}, S. and + {Parejko}, J.~K. and {Parley}, N. and {Pascual}, S. and {Patil}, R. and + {Patil}, A.~A. and {Plunkett}, A.~L. and {Prochaska}, J.~X. and + {Rastogi}, T. and {Reddy Janga}, V. and {Sabater}, J. and + {Sakurikar}, P. and {Seifert}, M. and {Sherbert}, L.~E. and + {Sherwood-Taylor}, H. and {Shih}, A.~Y. and {Sick}, J. and + {Silbiger}, M.~T. and {Singanamalla}, S. and {Singer}, L.~P. and + {Sladen}, P.~H. and {Sooley}, K.~A. and {Sornarajah}, S. and + {Streicher}, O. and {Teuben}, P. and {Thomas}, S.~W. and + {Tremblay}, G.~R. and {Turner}, J.~E.~H. and {Terr{\'o}n}, V. and + {van Kerkwijk}, M.~H. and {de la Vega}, A. and {Watkins}, L.~L. and + {Weaver}, B.~A. and {Whitmore}, J.~B. and {Woillez}, J. and + {Zabalza}, V. and {Astropy Contributors}}, + title = "{The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package}", + journal = {\aj}, + keywords = {methods: data analysis, methods: miscellaneous, methods: statistical, reference systems, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics}, + year = 2018, + month = sep, + volume = {156}, + number = {3}, + eid = {123}, + pages = {123}, + doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f}, +archivePrefix = {arXiv}, + eprint = {1801.02634}, + primaryClass = {astro-ph.IM}, + adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AJ....156..123A}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@ARTICLE{astropy2022, + author = {{Astropy Collaboration} and {Price-Whelan}, Adrian M. and {Lim}, Pey Lian and {Earl}, Nicholas and {Starkman}, Nathaniel and {Bradley}, Larry and {Shupe}, David L. and {Patil}, Aarya A. and {Corrales}, Lia and {Brasseur}, C.~E. and {N{"o}the}, Maximilian and {Donath}, Axel and {Tollerud}, Erik and {Morris}, Brett M. and {Ginsburg}, Adam and {Vaher}, Eero and {Weaver}, Benjamin A. and {Tocknell}, James and {Jamieson}, William and {van Kerkwijk}, Marten H. and {Robitaille}, Thomas P. and {Merry}, Bruce and {Bachetti}, Matteo and {G{"u}nther}, H. Moritz and {Aldcroft}, Thomas L. and {Alvarado-Montes}, Jaime A. and {Archibald}, Anne M. and {B{'o}di}, Attila and {Bapat}, Shreyas and {Barentsen}, Geert and {Baz{'a}n}, Juanjo and {Biswas}, Manish and {Boquien}, M{'e}d{'e}ric and {Burke}, D.~J. and {Cara}, Daria and {Cara}, Mihai and {Conroy}, Kyle E. and {Conseil}, Simon and {Craig}, Matthew W. and {Cross}, Robert M. and {Cruz}, Kelle L. and {D'Eugenio}, Francesco and {Dencheva}, Nadia and {Devillepoix}, Hadrien A.~R. and {Dietrich}, J{"o}rg P. and {Eigenbrot}, Arthur Davis and {Erben}, Thomas and {Ferreira}, Leonardo and {Foreman-Mackey}, Daniel and {Fox}, Ryan and {Freij}, Nabil and {Garg}, Suyog and {Geda}, Robel and {Glattly}, Lauren and {Gondhalekar}, Yash and {Gordon}, Karl D. and {Grant}, David and {Greenfield}, Perry and {Groener}, Austen M. and {Guest}, Steve and {Gurovich}, Sebastian and {Handberg}, Rasmus and {Hart}, Akeem and {Hatfield-Dodds}, Zac and {Homeier}, Derek and {Hosseinzadeh}, Griffin and {Jenness}, Tim and {Jones}, Craig K. and {Joseph}, Prajwel and {Kalmbach}, J. Bryce and {Karamehmetoglu}, Emir and {Ka{l}uszy{'n}ski}, Miko{l}aj and {Kelley}, Michael S.~P. and {Kern}, Nicholas and {Kerzendorf}, Wolfgang E. and {Koch}, Eric W. and {Kulumani}, Shankar and {Lee}, Antony and {Ly}, Chun and {Ma}, Zhiyuan and {MacBride}, Conor and {Maljaars}, Jakob M. and {Muna}, Demitri and {Murphy}, N.~A. and {Norman}, Henrik and {O'Steen}, Richard and {Oman}, Kyle A. and {Pacifici}, Camilla and {Pascual}, Sergio and {Pascual-Granado}, J. and {Patil}, Rohit R. and {Perren}, Gabriel I. and {Pickering}, Timothy E. and {Rastogi}, Tanuj and {Roulston}, Benjamin R. and {Ryan}, Daniel F. and {Rykoff}, Eli S. and {Sabater}, Jose and {Sakurikar}, Parikshit and {Salgado}, Jes{'u}s and {Sanghi}, Aniket and {Saunders}, Nicholas and {Savchenko}, Volodymyr and {Schwardt}, Ludwig and {Seifert-Eckert}, Michael and {Shih}, Albert Y. and {Jain}, Anany Shrey and {Shukla}, Gyanendra and {Sick}, Jonathan and {Simpson}, Chris and {Singanamalla}, Sudheesh and {Singer}, Leo P. and {Singhal}, Jaladh and {Sinha}, Manodeep and {Sip{H{o}}cz}, Brigitta M. and {Spitler}, Lee R. and {Stansby}, David and {Streicher}, Ole and {{ {S}}umak}, Jani and {Swinbank}, John D. and {Taranu}, Dan S. and {Tewary}, Nikita and {Tremblay}, Grant R. and {Val-Borro}, Miguel de and {Van Kooten}, Samuel J. and {Vasovi{'c}}, Zlatan and {Verma}, Shresth and {de Miranda Cardoso}, Jos{'e} Vin{'i}cius and {Williams}, Peter K.~G. and {Wilson}, Tom J. and {Winkel}, Benjamin and {Wood-Vasey}, W.~M. and {Xue}, Rui and {Yoachim}, Peter and {Zhang}, Chen and {Zonca}, Andrea and {Astropy Project Contributors}}, + title = "{The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package}", + journal = {\apj}, + keywords = {Astronomy software, Open source software, Astronomy data analysis, 1855, 1866, 1858, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics}, + year = 2022, + month = aug, + volume = {935}, + number = {2}, + eid = {167}, + pages = {167}, + doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74}, +archivePrefix = {arXiv}, + eprint = {2206.14220}, + primaryClass = {astro-ph.IM}, + adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ApJ...935..167A}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{2023amos.conf..208Y, + author = {{Yeager}, T. and {Pruett}, K. and {Schneider}, M.}, + title = "{Long-term N-body Stability in Cislunar Space}", + keywords = {cislunar, n-body, dynamics, orbit, stability}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference}, + year = 2023, + editor = {{Ryan}, S.}, + month = sep, + eid = {208}, + pages = {208}, + url = "https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2023/Poster/Yeager.pdf", + adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023amos.conf..208Y}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} diff --git a/JOSS/paper.md b/JOSS/paper.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a63492b --- /dev/null +++ b/JOSS/paper.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +--- +title: 'SSAPy - Space Situational Awareness for Python' +tags: + - Python + - space domain awareness + - orbits + - cislunar space +authors: + - name: Joshua E. Meyers + affiliation: [1, 2] + orcid: 0000-0002-2308-4230 + - name: Michael D. Schneider + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-8505-7094 + - name: Julia T. Ebert + affiliation: 4 + orcid: 0000-0002-1975-772X + - name: Edward F. Schlafly + affiliation: 5 + orcid: 0000-0002-3569-7421 + - name: Travis Yeager + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-2582-0190 + - name: Alexx Perloff + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0001-5230-0396 + - name: Daniel Merl + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0003-4196-5354 + - name: Noah Lifset + affiliation: 6 + orcid: 0000-0003-3397-7021 + - name: Jason Bernstein + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-3391-5931 + - name: William A. Dawson + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0003-0248-6123 + - name: Nathan Golovich + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0003-2632-572X + - name: Denvir Higgins + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-7579-1092 + - name: Peter McGill + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-1052-6749 + corresponding: true + - name: Caleb Miller + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0001-6249-0031 + - name: Kerianne Pruett + affiliation: 3 + orcid: 0000-0002-2911-8657 +affiliations: + - name: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA + index: 1 + - name: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94035, USA + index: 2 + - name: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550, USA + index: 3 + - name: Fleet Robotics, 21 Properzi Way, Somerville, MA 02143, USA + index: 4 + - name: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA + index: 5 + - name: University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA + index: 6 + + + +date: 13 January 2025 +bibliography: paper.bib + +aas-doi: +aas-journal: +--- + +# Summary + +SSAPy is a fast and flexible orbit modeling and analysis tool for orbits spanning from +low-Earth into the cislunar regime. Orbits can be flexibly specified from common +input formats such as Keplerian elements or two-line +element data files. SSAPy allows users to model satellites and specify parameters such +as satellite area, mass, and drag coefficients. SSAPy includes a customizable force propagation +with a range of Earth, Lunar, radiation, atmospheric, and maneuvering models. SSAPy makes +use of various community integration methods and can calculate +time-evolved orbital quantities, including satellite magnitudes and state vectors. +Users can specify various space- and ground-based observation models with support for +multiple coordinate and reference frames. SSAPy also supports orbit analysis and +propagation methods such as multiple hypothesis tracking and has built-in uncertainty quantification. +The majority of SSAPy's methods are vectorized and parallelizable, allowing effective use of +high performance computer (HPC) systems. Finally, SSAPy has plotting functionality, allowing users to +visualize orbits and trajectories, an example of which is shown in Figures 1 and 2. + +SSAPy has been used for the +classification of cislunar [@Higgins2024], and closely-spaced [@Pruett2024], orbits as +well as for studying the long-term stability of orbits in cislunar space [@Yeager2023]. SSAPy +has also been used to build a case study for rare events analysis in the context of satellites +passing close to each other in space [@Miller2022;@Bernstein2021]. + +# Statement of need + +Cislunar space is a region between earth out to beyond the Moon's orbit that includes the +Lagrange points. This region of space is of growing importance to scientific and other space exploration endeavors [e.g., @Duggan2019]. +Understanding, mapping, and modeling orbits through cislunar space is +critical to all of these endeavors. The challenge for cislunar orbits is that n-body dynamics (e.g., gravitational forces +from the Sun, Earth, Moon and other planets) are significant, leading to unpredictable and chaotic orbital motion. +In this chaotic regime, orbits cannot be reduced to simple parametric descriptions making scalable orbit +simulation and modeling a critical analysis tool [@Yeager2023]. Current orbit modeling software tools +are predominantly used via graphical user interfaces (e.g., The General Mission Analysis Tool; @Hughes2014 or the Systems Tool Kit) +and are not optimized for large scale simulation on HPC systems. Orbital modeling codes that +can be run on HPC systems (e.g., REBOUND; @Rein2012) lack full observable generation and modeling capabilities +with uncertainty quantification. SSAPy, with its full-featured modeling framework and scalable, parallelizable +functionality, fills the gap in the orbital software landscape. + + +![Example SSAPy visualization plot of an orbit ground track over the surface of the Earth. The 48 hour orbit has a semi-major axis of 0.75 GEO (27,000km), an eccentricity 0.2 and an inclination of 45 degrees.](ground_track.png) + +![Example SSAPy visualization plot. Simulated trajectory of the orbit shown in Figure 1. The color on this plot represents time.](orbit_plot.png){ width=50% } + +# Acknowledgements + +`SSAPy` depends on NumPy [@Harris2020], SciPy [@Virtanen2020], matplotlib [@Hunter2007], emcee [@ForemanMackey2013], +astropy [@astropy2022], pyerfa [@Kerkwijk2023], lmfit [@newville2024], and sqp4 [@Vallado2006]. +We would like to thank Robert Armstrong and Iméne Goumiri for valuable contributions to this project. + This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. +Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National +Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. +The document number is LLNL-JRNL-871602-DRAFT and the code number is LLNL-CODE-862420. SSAPy was developed with support +from LLNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program under projects 19-SI-004 and 22-ERD-054. + +# References