manydogs1.qmd

---
title: ""
format:
  html:
    toc: true
    toc-location: left
---
<style>
figure {
  margin:2px;
  display:inline-block;
  vertical-align:top;
  border:solid gray;
  text-align:center;
  position:relative;
  padding-bottom:9em;
}
figure img {
  display:block;
  border:solid white
}
figcaption{
  position:absolute;
  top:250px;
  left:0;
  right:0;
  padding:0.2em 2px;
  min-height:3em;
  opacity:1;
  transition:0.5s;;
}
figcaption p {
  margin:0;
}

</style>

# ManyDogs 1: Dog-Human Social Interaction

The first ManyDogs study investigated domestic dogs' understanding of a common human gesture, the point. Previous research shows that dogs usually follow pointing cues, but whether they do so because they are following a communicative cue from a human partner or because they feel compelled to follow the gesture as a command is still debated. <!-- 

In addition to directly addressing the question of how dogs are perceiving point gestures, ManyDogs 1 allows us to investigate various methodological differences (e.g. indoor/outdoor testing, room size, owner presence) that can influence dog behavior.--> To answer these questions, we implemented an approach in which the core methodological details are standardized across all participating labs, but other aspects are allowed to vary and are recorded for subsequent exploratory analyses. Some of these other aspects include dog breed, sex, and age. When collected on a small scale in a single lab it can be challenging to gather enough data to get a satisfying answer. Collectively, this multi-lab study helps us gain a better understanding of the factors that influence dog behavior. 

We pre-registered our study's method and analysis on [OSF](https://osf.io/9r5xf/) as a registered report which is now published at [_Animal Behavior and Cognition_](https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.03.03.2023).

ManyDogs Project, Espinosa, J., Stevens, J.R., Alberghina, D., Alway, H.E.E., Barela, J.D., Bogese, M., Bray, E.E., Buchsbaum, D. Byosiere, S.-E., Byrne, M., Cavalli, C. M., Chaudoir, L. M., Collins-Pisano, C., DeBoer, H.J., Douglas L.E.L.C., Dror, S., Dzik, M.V., Ferguson, B., Fisher, L., Fitzpatrick, H.C., Freeman, M.S., Frinton, S.N., Glover, M.K., Gnanadesikan, G.E., Goacher, J.E.P., Golańska, M., Guran, C.-N.A., Hare, E., Hare, B. Hickey, M., Horschler, D.J., Huber, L., Jim, H.-L., Johnston, A.M., Kaminski, J. Kelly, D.M., Kuhlmeier, V.A., Lassiter, L., Lazarowski, L., Leighton-Birch, J., MacLean, E.L., Maliszewska, K., Marra, V., Montgomery, L.I., Murray, M.S., Nelson, E.K., Ostojić, L., Palermo, S.G., Parks Russell, A.E., Pelgrim, M.H., Pellowe, S.D., Reinholz, A., Rial, L.A., Richards, E.M., Ross, M.A., Rothkoff, L.G., Salomons, H., Sanger, J.K., Santos, L., Shirle, A.R., Shearer, S.J., Silver, Z.A., Silverman, J.M., Sommese, A., Srdoc, T., St. John-Mosse, H., Vega, A.C., Vékony, K., Völter, C.J., Walsh C.J., Worth, Y.A., Zipperling, L.M.I., Żołędziewska, B., & Zylberfuden, S.G. (2023). ManyDogs 1: A multi-lab replication study of dogs’ pointing comprehension. _Animal Behavior & Cognition_, 10(3), 232-28. [doi:10.26451/abc.10.03.03.2023](https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.03.03.2023)

<center>
![](images/md1_setup.jpg){fig-alt="ManyDogs 1 setup with woman pointing to one of two cups while looking at black dog." width=600}
</center>

<!--## Implementing ManyDogs 1 at your site

We have designed the methods to be minimalistic and inexpensive so that the cost of running the study is low; the only materials necessary are:

* 4 solo cups (or containers of a similar shape and size) 
* an small occluder (which can be made from foam board or cardboard) 
* tape or post-its to mark out the testing area 
* a leash 
* some dog treats 
* a stopwatch/timer 
* a chair 
* video recording capabilities 

Ideally, two trained experimenters will perform all of the experimenting and dog handling, but if necessary a single trained experimenter can instruct the dog's guardian in the role of handler. Participating researchers will need to provide proof of ethics (e.g., IACUC) approval from their institution for conducting this study (we are able to advise on obtaining ethics!). 

For a comprehensive overview of ManyDogs 1 and instructions on how to get involved in different aspects of the study, hit the button below and also see the ManyDogs [Manual](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iuYElQSssoOMVC3nu7BLrFZovoM0TIEqmGM1bUaYbpo/edit?usp=sharing). The ManyDogs 1 [Protocol](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IV2h2YXmyYpOw0U3IgxxQZD8zlkc0VHcencWx1fJm4s/edit?usp=sharing) contains the detailed experimental protocol for collaborators and information on collecting and submitting data.  


<p align="center"><a href="/getinvolved" class="btn btn-primary">Get Involved!</a></p>-->

## ManyDogs 1 Collaborators 
These research groups registered collaborators in ManyDogs 1, and the Team Captains designated at each institution were responsible for organizing ManyDogs at their site.

* [Auburn Canine Performance Sciences](https://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/research/cps/), _Auburn University_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Lucia Lazarowski</span>
* [Canine Cognition Center](https://sites.bc.edu/doglab/), _Boston College_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Shennai Palermo & Anya Parks</span>
* [Brown Dog Lab](https://sites.brown.edu/browndoglab/), _Brown University_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Daphna Buchsbaum & Madeline Pelgrim</span>
* [Canine Companions](https://canine.org/), _Canine Companions_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Emily Bray</span>
* [Duke Canine Cognition Center](https://evolutionaryanthropology.duke.edu/research/dogs), _Duke University_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Hannah Salomons</span>
* [The Family Dog Project](https://familydogproject.elte.hu/)	, _Eötvös Loránd University_ <br>
  <span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Andrea Sommese</span>
* [Thinking Dog Center](https://sites.google.com/view/huntertdc/home), _Hunter College_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Sarah Byosiere</span>
<!-- * [IWU Dog Scientists](https://www.iwudogscientists.com/), _Illinois Wesleyan University_ <br> -->
<!-- 	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Ellen Furlong</span> -->
* [Leader Dogs for the Blind](https://www.leaderdog.org/), _Leader Dogs for the Blind_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Sarah Byosiere</span>
* [Canine Research Unit](https://play.psych.mun.ca/cru/), _Memorial University_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Carolyn Walsh</span>
* [Canid Behavior Research Group](https://www.canids.com.ar/), _National Scientific and Technical Research Council_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Mariana Bentosela</span>
* [Social Cognition Lab](https://www.socialcognitionlab.com/), _Queen's University_<br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Valerie Kuhlmeier</span>
* [Pet Behaviour Consulting](https://www.unime.it/it/dipartimenti/vet), _Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina_<br> 
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Daniela Alberghina</span>
* [Arizona Canine Cognition Center](https://dogs.arizona.edu/), _The University of Arizona_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Emily Bray, Gitanjali Gnanadesikan, & Evan MacLean</span>
* [Animal Health and Welfare Centre](https://www.sparsholt.ac.uk/ucs-animal-zoo-management-facilities/), _University Centre Sparsholt_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Marianne Freeman</span>
* Comparative Cognition Lab, _University of Manitoba_<br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Debbie Kelly</span>
* [Canine Cognition and Human Interaction Lab](https://dogcog.unl.edu), _University of Nebraska-Lincoln_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Jeffrey Stevens</span>
* [Dog Cognition Centre](https://www.port.ac.uk/research/research-centres-and-groups/dog-cognition-centre), _University of Portsmouth_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Jennifer Leighton</span>
* [Comparative Cognitive Science Lab](http://www.ccsl.uniri.hr/), _University of Rijeka_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captain: Ljerka Ostojić</span>
* [The Clever Dog Lab](https://www.vetmeduni.ac.at/cleverdoglab), _University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Ludwig Huber & Christoph Völter</span>
* Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, _University of Warsaw_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Marta Golańska & Anna Reinholz</span>
* [Canine Cognition Center](https://doglab.yale.edu/), _Yale University_ <br>
	<span style="color:#25679E;">Team Captains: Daniel Horschler, Emily Richards, & Zachary Silver</span>

## ManyDogs 1 Team
Meet our team of individuals who were responsible for organizing ManyDogs 1 and moved the project forward to completion through their time and dedication.  

<center>
<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/mikey_bogese.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Mikey Bogese"/>
  <p id="name-header">Mike Bogese</p>
  <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/huntertdc/who-are-we">Hunter College</a><br>
  Project Administrator</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/daphna_buchsbaum.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Daphna Buchsbaum"/>
  <p id="name-header">Daphna Buchsbaum </p>
  <p><a href="http://www.cocodevlab.com/principal-investigator.html/">Brown University</a><br>
  Project Coordinator</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/sarah_byosiere.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere with Sadie the black Labrador/Golden Retriever Cross"/>
  <p id="name-header">Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere</p>
  <p><a href="https://sarahbyosiere.wixsite.com/sarahbyosiere/about">Hunter College</a><br>
  Project Coordinator</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/julia_espinosa.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Julia Espinosa holding Winnie the Pembroke Welsh Corgi in a field of yellow flowers" />
  <p id="name-header">Julia Espinosa</p>
  <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/jespinosa">Harvard University</a><br>
  Project Coordinator, Data Team, & Website Team</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/gita_gnanadesikan.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Gita Gnanadesikan" />
  <p id="name-header">Gita Gnanadesikan</p>
  <p><a href="http://u.arizona.edu/~gitag/">University of Arizona</a><br>
  Project Coordinator, Experimenter Video Team & Methods Team</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/liz_hare.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Elizabeth Hare" />
  <p id="name-header">Elizabeth Hare</p>
  <p><a href="http://doggenetics.com/">Dog Genetics LLC</a><br>
  Data Team</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/madeline_pelgrim.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Madeline Pelgrim with Loki the Golden Retriever" />
  <p id="name-header">Madeline Pelgrim</p>
  <p><a href="https://mpelgrim.github.io/">Brown University</a><br>
  Methods Team & Experimenter Video Team</p>
</div>

<div id="mygrid">
  <img src="images/jeff_stevens.jpg" id="headshot" alt="Headshot of Jeffrey Stevens with Koda the brown Catahoula leopard dog" />
  <p id="name-header">Jeffrey Stevens</p>
  <p><a href="https://dogcog.unl.edu/people">University of Nebraska-Lincoln</a><br>
  Project Coordinator, Data Team, & Website Team</p>
</div>

</center>