diff --git a/arch/arm/src/phy62xx/log.h b/arch/arm/src/phy62xx/log.h
index 4ee8840accb..763de565c91 100644
--- a/arch/arm/src/phy62xx/log.h
+++ b/arch/arm/src/phy62xx/log.h
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ extern "C"
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "uart.h"
-void dbg_printf_(const char *format, ...);
+void dbg_printf_(const char *format, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 void dbg_printf_init(void);
-void my_dump_byte(uint8_t *pData, int dlen);
+void my_dump_byte(uint8_t *pdata, int dlen);
 #ifndef DEBUG_INFO
 #error "DEBUG_INFO undefined!"
 #endif
@@ -125,8 +125,9 @@ extern volatile uint32_t s_rom_debug_level;
 
 typedef void(*std_putc)(char *data, int size);
 
-void log_vsprintf(std_putc putc, const char *fmt, va_list args);
-void log_printf(const char *format, ...);
+void log_vsprintf(std_putc putc, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+     printflike(2, 0);
+void log_printf(const char *format, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 void log_set_putc(std_putc putc);
 void log_clr_putc(std_putc putc);
 int log_debug_level(uint8_t level);
diff --git a/arch/risc-v/src/bl602/bl602_os_hal.h b/arch/risc-v/src/bl602/bl602_os_hal.h
index 5e63a2a7bcd..5a733619657 100644
--- a/arch/risc-v/src/bl602/bl602_os_hal.h
+++ b/arch/risc-v/src/bl602/bl602_os_hal.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ extern "C"
  * Public Function Prototypes
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-void bl_os_printf(const char *__fmt, ...);
+void bl_os_printf(const char *__fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 
 void bl_os_assert_func(const char *file,
                        int line,
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ void bl_os_log_write(uint32_t level,
                      const char *file,
                      int line,
                      const char *format,
-                     ...);
+                     ...) printflike(5, 6);
 
   #undef EXTERN
   #if defined(__cplusplus)
diff --git a/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_start.c b/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_start.c
index ce92df4f868..3e05fb1a95f 100644
--- a/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_start.c
+++ b/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_start.c
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ extern uint32_t _image_drom_size;
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ESP32C3_APP_FORMAT_MCUBOOT
-extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 extern uint32_t cache_suspend_icache(void);
 extern void cache_resume_icache(uint32_t val);
 extern void cache_invalidate_icache_all(void);
diff --git a/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_wifi_adapter.c b/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_wifi_adapter.c
index c51a72bd2b2..1ca6857da5d 100644
--- a/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_wifi_adapter.c
+++ b/arch/risc-v/src/esp32c3/esp32c3_wifi_adapter.c
@@ -344,7 +344,8 @@ static int esp_get_random(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
 static int esp_get_time(void *t);
 static uint32_t esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get_wrapper(void);
 static void esp_log_writev(uint32_t level, const char *tag,
-                           const char *format, va_list args);
+                           const char *format, va_list args)
+            printflike(3, 0);
 static void *esp_malloc_internal(size_t size);
 static void *esp_realloc_internal(void *ptr, size_t size);
 static void *esp_calloc_internal(size_t n, size_t size);
@@ -398,7 +399,8 @@ void ets_timer_arm_us(void *timer, uint32_t us, bool repeat);
 
 int64_t esp_timer_get_time(void);
 void esp_fill_random(void *buf, size_t len);
-void esp_log_write(uint32_t level, const char *tag, const char *format, ...);
+void esp_log_write(uint32_t level, const char *tag, const char *format, ...)
+     printflike(3, 4);
 uint32_t esp_log_timestamp(void);
 uint8_t esp_crc8(const uint8_t *p, uint32_t len);
 
diff --git a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_start.c b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_start.c
index cbcb858ebe2..7cc86ec02aa 100644
--- a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_start.c
+++ b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_start.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ extern uint32_t _image_drom_size;
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ESP32_APP_FORMAT_MCUBOOT
-extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 extern void cache_read_enable(int cpu);
 extern void cache_read_disable(int cpu);
 extern void cache_flush(int cpu);
diff --git a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_wifi_adapter.c b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_wifi_adapter.c
index 393b7010e6a..17ead5d65d8 100644
--- a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_wifi_adapter.c
+++ b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32/esp32_wifi_adapter.c
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ static int32_t esp_nvs_erase_key(uint32_t handle, const char *key);
 static int32_t esp_get_random(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
 static int32_t esp_get_time(void *t);
 static void esp_log_writev(uint32_t level, const char *tag,
-                           const char *format, va_list args);
+                           const char *format, va_list args)
+            printflike(3, 0);
 static void *esp_malloc_internal(size_t size);
 static void *esp_realloc_internal(void *ptr, size_t size);
 static void *esp_calloc_internal(size_t n, size_t size);
@@ -366,7 +367,8 @@ extern void coex_bt_high_prio(void);
 
 int64_t esp_timer_get_time(void);
 void esp_fill_random(void *buf, size_t len);
-void esp_log_write(uint32_t level, const char *tag, const char *format, ...);
+void esp_log_write(uint32_t level, const char *tag, const char *format, ...)
+     printflike(3, 4);
 uint32_t esp_log_timestamp(void);
 uint8_t esp_crc8(const uint8_t *p, uint32_t len);
 void intr_matrix_set(int cpu_no, uint32_t model_num, uint32_t intr_num);
diff --git a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32s2/esp32s2_start.c b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32s2/esp32s2_start.c
index eddd9fc3b4d..aa6e3912b6e 100644
--- a/arch/xtensa/src/esp32s2/esp32s2_start.c
+++ b/arch/xtensa/src/esp32s2/esp32s2_start.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ typedef enum
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ESP32S2_APP_FORMAT_MCUBOOT
-extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern int ets_printf(const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 extern int cache_ibus_mmu_set(uint32_t ext_ram, uint32_t vaddr,
                               uint32_t paddr, uint32_t psize, uint32_t num,
                               uint32_t fixed);
diff --git a/drivers/usbdev/usbdev_trprintf.c b/drivers/usbdev/usbdev_trprintf.c
index 23da4148ed7..9389d916362 100644
--- a/drivers/usbdev/usbdev_trprintf.c
+++ b/drivers/usbdev/usbdev_trprintf.c
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ void usbtrace_trprintf(trprintf_t trprintf, uint16_t event, uint16_t value)
     case TRACE_DEVINIT:
 #ifdef CONFIG_USBDEV_TRACE_STRINGS
       trprintf("%-18s   : %-40s %04x\n", "DCD initialize",
-               TRACE_DATA(event), "Initialized", value);
+               "Initialized", value);
 #else
       trprintf("%-18s   : %04x\n", "DCD initialize",
-               TRACE_DATA(event), value);
+               value);
 #endif
       break;
 
diff --git a/fs/mount/fs_procfs_mount.c b/fs/mount/fs_procfs_mount.c
index b191a3c886f..a3ab3c40b8d 100644
--- a/fs/mount/fs_procfs_mount.c
+++ b/fs/mount/fs_procfs_mount.c
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ struct mount_info_s
 /* Helpers */
 
 static void    mount_sprintf(FAR struct mount_info_s *info,
-                 FAR const char *fmt, ...);
+                 FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(2, 3);
 #ifndef CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_MOUNT
 static int     mount_entry(FAR const char *mountpoint,
                  FAR struct statfs *statbuf, FAR void *arg);
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static int blocks_entry(FAR const char *mountpoint,
 
   /* Generate blocks list one line at a time */
 
-  mount_sprintf(info, "%6lu %10" PRIuOFF " %10" PRIuOFF
+  mount_sprintf(info, "%6zu %10" PRIuOFF " %10" PRIuOFF
                 "  %10" PRIuOFF " %s\n",
                 statbuf->f_bsize, statbuf->f_blocks,
                 statbuf->f_blocks - statbuf->f_bavail, statbuf->f_bavail,
diff --git a/include/debug.h b/include/debug.h
index 67660b3b6c8..610531582bb 100644
--- a/include/debug.h
+++ b/include/debug.h
@@ -1092,19 +1092,19 @@ void lib_dumpvbuffer(FAR const char *msg, FAR const struct iovec *iov,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_CPP_HAVE_VARARGS
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ALERT
-void _alert(const char *format, ...);
+void _alert(const char *format, ...) sysloglike(1, 2);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ERROR
-void _err(const char *format, ...);
+void _err(const char *format, ...) sysloglike(1, 2);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WARN
-void _warn(const char *format, ...);
+void _warn(const char *format, ...) sysloglike(1, 2);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
-void _info(const char *format, ...);
+void _info(const char *format, ...) sysloglike(1, 2);
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_CPP_HAVE_VARARGS */
 
diff --git a/include/err.h b/include/err.h
index e5010f6a50c..355fb5bee67 100644
--- a/include/err.h
+++ b/include/err.h
@@ -38,20 +38,20 @@
  * and a newline, on stderr.
  */
 
-void warn(FAR const char *fmt, ...);
-void vwarn(FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+void warn(FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
+void vwarn(FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap) printflike(1, 0);
 
 /* Likewise, but without ": " and the standard error string.  */
 
-void warnx(FAR const char *fmt, ...);
-void vwarnx(FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+void warnx(FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
+void vwarnx(FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap) printflike(1, 0);
 
 /* Likewise, and then exit with STATUS.  */
 
-void err(int status, FAR const char *fmt, ...);
-void verr(int status, FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap);
-void errx(int status, FAR const char *fmt, ...);
-void verrx(int status, FAR const char *, va_list ap);
+void err(int status, FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(2, 3);
+void verr(int status, FAR const char *fmt, va_list ap) printflike(2, 0);
+void errx(int status, FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(2, 3);
+void verrx(int status, FAR const char *, va_list ap) printflike(2, 0);
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_LIBC_ERR */
 #endif /* __INCLUDE_ERR_H */
diff --git a/include/nuttx/fs/procfs.h b/include/nuttx/fs/procfs.h
index e2afe6b10b1..8de46ee5e55 100644
--- a/include/nuttx/fs/procfs.h
+++ b/include/nuttx/fs/procfs.h
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ size_t procfs_memcpy(FAR const char *src, size_t srclen,
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 int procfs_snprintf(FAR char *buf, size_t size,
-                    FAR const IPTR char *format, ...);
+                    FAR const IPTR char *format, ...) printflike(3, 4);
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Name: procfs_register
diff --git a/include/nuttx/usb/usbdev_trace.h b/include/nuttx/usb/usbdev_trace.h
index 17e78fa8b7d..d60dcc944ed 100644
--- a/include/nuttx/usb/usbdev_trace.h
+++ b/include/nuttx/usb/usbdev_trace.h
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ typedef uint16_t usbtrace_idset_t;
 
 /* Print routine to use for usbdev_trprint() output */
 
-typedef CODE int (*trprintf_t)(const char *fmt, ...);
+typedef CODE int (*trprintf_t)(const char *fmt, ...) printflike(1, 2);
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Public Data
diff --git a/libs/libc/stdio/lib_libvsprintf.c b/libs/libc/stdio/lib_libvsprintf.c
index 56d41fb75f2..67776b36bf4 100644
--- a/libs/libc/stdio/lib_libvsprintf.c
+++ b/libs/libc/stdio/lib_libvsprintf.c
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ static const char g_nullstring[] = "(null)";
 
 static int vsprintf_internal(FAR struct lib_outstream_s *stream,
                              FAR struct arg_s *arglist, int numargs,
-                             FAR const IPTR char *fmt, va_list ap);
+                             FAR const IPTR char *fmt, va_list ap)
+           printflike(4, 0);
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Private Functions
diff --git a/net/procfs/net_procfs_route.c b/net/procfs/net_procfs_route.c
index a9729c46200..aa4a18b7e09 100644
--- a/net/procfs/net_procfs_route.c
+++ b/net/procfs/net_procfs_route.c
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ struct route_info_s
 /* Helpers */
 
 static void    route_sprintf(FAR struct route_info_s *info,
-                 FAR const char *fmt, ...);
+                 FAR const char *fmt, ...) printflike(2, 3);
 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_IPv4
 static int     route_ipv4_entry(FAR struct net_route_ipv4_s *route,
                  FAR void *arg);