Rust native core data model

[mtreinish]

Since the 1.2 and 1.3 release we have an increasing amount of Qiskit's internal data model expose to rust. This has led to anything not defined as a rust-native object with a python interface on top as becoming a potential bottleneck as it limits what we're able to do in pure rust. For example, creating bit objects is often the bottleneck for circuit construction/synthesis and in #13238 creating UnitaryGate objects is taking ~60% of the time to construct the circuit (and those are just containers that wrap a numpy array we already created). This issue is for tracking the last pieces necessary to fully create a circuit through a default transpilation pipeline without needing to call Python. The current list of work items is:

Tasks

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1. Oxidize ParameterExpression #13267
   Rust performance +2
2. Make rust Qubit and Clbit the source of truth in a circuit #13269
   Rust performance +2
   
3. Add rust representation for non-gate standard circuit operations #12966
   Rust type: feature request +2
   
4. Create a rust representation of QuantumRegister and ClassicalRegister #13270
   Rust performance +2
5. Add rust representation of control flow op #13271
   Rust performance +2
6. Add a Rust reperesentation of Var type #13274
   Rust performance +2
7. Add a Rust representation of Expr #13275
   Rust performance +2
8. Add rust representation of the UnitaryGate class #13272
   Rust performance +2

It should be noted this doesn't preclude extending the data model from Python as is supported now, we have provisions in place already for things where the data model supported this like custom instructions and gates, and we should still support these use cases. It's more about ensuring we have a complete core data model in rust so that we can do manipulations of the qiskit defined pieces in rust without needing Python.