diff --git a/src/ontology/Makefile b/src/ontology/Makefile index dc3ff61..9062c31 100644 --- a/src/ontology/Makefile +++ b/src/ontology/Makefile @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ $(COMPONENTSDIR)/%: | $(COMPONENTSDIR) # Mirroring upstream ontologies # ---------------------------------------- -IMP=false # Global parameter to bypass import generation +IMP=false# Global parameter to bypass import generation MIR=false # Global parameter to bypass mirror generation IMP_LARGE=false # Global parameter to bypass handling of large imports @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ mirror-bfo: | $(TMPDIR) .PHONY: mirror-chebi .PRECIOUS: $(MIRRORDIR)/chebi.owl mirror-chebi: | $(TMPDIR) - if [ $(MIR) = true ] && [ $(IMP) = true ]; then curl -L $(URIBASE)/chebi.owl --create-dirs -o $(MIRRORDIR)/chebi.owl --retry 4 --max-time 200 && $(ROBOT) convert -i $(MIRRORDIR)/chebi.owl -o $@.tmp.owl && mv $@.tmp.owl $(TMPDIR)/$@.owl; fi + if [ $(MIR) = true ] && [ $(IMP) = true ]; then curl -L --connect-timeout 500.0 --max-time 36000 $(URIBASE)/chebi.owl --create-dirs -o $(MIRRORDIR)/chebi.owl && $(ROBOT) convert -i $(MIRRORDIR)/chebi.owl -o $@.tmp.owl && mv $@.tmp.owl $(TMPDIR)/$@.owl; fi ## ONTOLOGY: pato diff --git a/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl b/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl index 51dd2b8..ed787fc 100644 --- a/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl +++ b/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ - has atomic number + has atomic number @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ - mass number + mass number @@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ - Ionizing radiation classified by the material entity which generates or emits it. - ionizing radiation categorized by source + Ionizing radiation classified by the material entity which generates or emits it. + ionizing radiation categorized by source @@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ - Radiation originating outside the Earth's atmosphere. - space radiation + Radiation originating outside the Earth's atmosphere. + space radiation @@ -350,9 +350,9 @@ - One of the principal sources of ground radiation is radon gas. - Radiation produced on Earth or on another planetary body by natural or artificial means. - ground radiation + One of the principal sources of ground radiation is radon gas. + Radiation produced on Earth or on another planetary body by natural or artificial means. + ground radiation @@ -361,9 +361,9 @@ - Material presenting, when irradiated, interaction properties similar to those of soft tissue. - ICRP glossary (http://icrpaedia.org/Tissue_equivalent_material) - tissue equivalent material + Material presenting, when irradiated, interaction properties similar to those of soft tissue. + ICRP glossary (http://icrpaedia.org/Tissue_equivalent_material) + tissue equivalent material @@ -372,8 +372,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 26 protons and 30 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Fe-56 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 26 protons and 30 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Fe-56 ion radiation @@ -382,8 +382,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 6 protons and 6 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - C-12 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 6 protons and 6 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + C-12 ion radiation @@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 14 protons and 14 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Si-28 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 14 protons and 14 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Si-28 ion radiation @@ -402,8 +402,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 2 protons and 2 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - He-4 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 2 protons and 2 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + He-4 ion radiation @@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 10 protons and 10 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Ne-20 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 10 protons and 10 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Ne-20 ion radiation @@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ - An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, and containing 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 protons. - light ion + An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, and containing 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 protons. + light ion @@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ - Ionization chambers and silicon solid state detectors can be used as active dosimeters. - A radiation measuring device which records dose at the time of detection, with data available in real time - active dosimeter + Ionization chambers and silicon solid state detectors can be used as active dosimeters. + A radiation measuring device which records dose at the time of detection, with data available in real time + active dosimeter @@ -444,9 +444,9 @@ - Thermoluminescent dosimeters and plastic nuclear track detectors are passive detectors. - A radiation measuring device which integrates the amount of radiation to which it is exposed. Passive detectors are interrogated at a later time to determine the dose. - passive dosimeter + Thermoluminescent dosimeters and plastic nuclear track detectors are passive detectors. + A radiation measuring device which integrates the amount of radiation to which it is exposed. Passive detectors are interrogated at a later time to determine the dose. + passive dosimeter @@ -455,8 +455,8 @@ - The amount of ionizing radiation to which a member of the population on Earth is exposed from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation from naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally-occurring ra - background ionizing radiation + The amount of ionizing radiation to which a member of the population on Earth is exposed from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation from naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally-occurring ra + background ionizing radiation @@ -465,9 +465,9 @@ - The effective dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. - The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv). - effective dose + The effective dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. + The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv). + effective dose @@ -476,10 +476,10 @@ - The samples were exposed to a mixed radiation field consisting of several ions at different energies. - The process of exposing the same sample to more than one type and/or energy of radiation, in sequence or simultaneously. - mixed field|mixed radiation field - mixed radiation + The samples were exposed to a mixed radiation field consisting of several ions at different energies. + The process of exposing the same sample to more than one type and/or energy of radiation, in sequence or simultaneously. + mixed field|mixed radiation field + mixed radiation @@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ - Radiation classified by where the exposure to the radiation is occurring. - radiation environment + Radiation classified by where the exposure to the radiation is occurring. + radiation environment @@ -498,8 +498,8 @@ - That part of the Earth exposed to the Earth atmosphere. - earth surface + That part of the Earth exposed to the Earth atmosphere. + earth surface @@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ - The region between the Earth's surface and an altitude of approximately 100 km - earth atmosphere + The region between the Earth's surface and an altitude of approximately 100 km + earth atmosphere @@ -518,10 +518,10 @@ - LEO - The region of outer space between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt - LEO - low earth orbit + LEO + The region of outer space between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt + LEO + low earth orbit @@ -530,10 +530,10 @@ - BLEO - That part of outer space beyond the Earth's radiation belts. - BLEO - beyond low earth orbit + BLEO + That part of outer space beyond the Earth's radiation belts. + BLEO + beyond low earth orbit @@ -542,9 +542,9 @@ - fractionated - A radiation dose administered in two or more exposures at specified time intervals - fractionated radiation exposure + fractionated + A radiation dose administered in two or more exposures at specified time intervals + fractionated radiation exposure @@ -553,9 +553,9 @@ - A unit of absorbed dose equal to 1/1000 of a rad - mrad - millirad + A unit of absorbed dose equal to 1/1000 of a rad + mrad + millirad @@ -564,9 +564,9 @@ - The equivalent dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. - The product of the mean absorbed dose in an organ or tissue and the radiation weighting factor (w_R )of the radiation type of interest - equivalent dose + The equivalent dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. + The product of the mean absorbed dose in an organ or tissue and the radiation weighting factor (w_R )of the radiation type of interest + equivalent dose @@ -575,9 +575,9 @@ - The total dose was administered in five dose fractions. - The absorbed radiation dose administered in a single one of a series comprising a fractionated radiation exposure - dose fraction + The total dose was administered in five dose fractions. + The absorbed radiation dose administered in a single one of a series comprising a fractionated radiation exposure + dose fraction @@ -586,8 +586,8 @@ - Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space - cosmic radiation + Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space + cosmic radiation @@ -596,9 +596,9 @@ - Galactic cosmic radiation is one of the principal sources of radiation dose outside low-earth orbit - Galactic cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles originating from outside the solar system - galactic cosmic radiation + Galactic cosmic radiation is one of the principal sources of radiation dose outside low-earth orbit + Galactic cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles originating from outside the solar system + galactic cosmic radiation @@ -607,9 +607,9 @@ - Solar cosmic radiation contributes to the radiation dose to humans in space. - Solar cosmic radiation is high-energy charged particles that originate from the sun. - solar cosmic radiation + Solar cosmic radiation contributes to the radiation dose to humans in space. + Solar cosmic radiation is high-energy charged particles that originate from the sun. + solar cosmic radiation @@ -618,9 +618,9 @@ - The dose rate was 0.5 mGy/min. - The measurement datum representing a dose to an organism or object per unit time. - dose rate + The dose rate was 0.5 mGy/min. + The measurement datum representing a dose to an organism or object per unit time. + dose rate @@ -629,10 +629,10 @@ - The Apollo spacecraft took 24 astronauts to the Moon between 1968 and 1972. - Vehicles, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit about the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space. - NASA Thesaurus, 1988 - spacecraft + The Apollo spacecraft took 24 astronauts to the Moon between 1968 and 1972. + Vehicles, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit about the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space. + NASA Thesaurus, 1988 + spacecraft @@ -641,8 +641,8 @@ - a self-contained unit of a spacecraft - spacecraft module + a self-contained unit of a spacecraft + spacecraft module @@ -651,11 +651,11 @@ - ISS module - The experiment was conducted in the International Space Station module Columbus - The experiment was conducted on the Russian module of the ISS. - A self-contained unit of the International Space Station. - international space station module + ISS module + The experiment was conducted in the International Space Station module Columbus + The experiment was conducted on the Russian module of the ISS. + A self-contained unit of the International Space Station. + international space station module @@ -664,10 +664,10 @@ - Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. - A spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. - Wikipedia - space station + Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. + A spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. + Wikipedia + space station @@ -676,10 +676,10 @@ - The HIMAC accelerator has a beamline dedicated for radiation biology experiments. - The path leading from a particle accelerator to an experimental station used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, chemistry, and molecular biology, or in irradiation tests or to produce isotopes. - Wikipedia - particle accelerator beamline + The HIMAC accelerator has a beamline dedicated for radiation biology experiments. + The path leading from a particle accelerator to an experimental station used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, chemistry, and molecular biology, or in irradiation tests or to produce isotopes. + Wikipedia + particle accelerator beamline @@ -688,8 +688,8 @@ - Radiation produced by a particle accelerator. - particle accelerator radiation + Radiation produced by a particle accelerator. + particle accelerator radiation @@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ - Radiation produced by a nuclear reactor. - nuclear reactor radiation + Radiation produced by a nuclear reactor. + nuclear reactor radiation @@ -708,10 +708,10 @@ - Cs-137 gamma - High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cesium-137 isotope. - Cs-137 - cesium-137 gamma radiation + Cs-137 gamma + High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cesium-137 isotope. + Cs-137 + cesium-137 gamma radiation @@ -720,10 +720,10 @@ - Co-60 gamma - High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-60 isotope. - Co-60 - cobalt-60 gamma radiation + Co-60 gamma + High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-60 isotope. + Co-60 + cobalt-60 gamma radiation @@ -732,11 +732,11 @@ - Co-57 gamma - High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-57 isotope. - obo:RBO_00000060 - Co-57 - cobalt-57 gamma radiation + Co-57 gamma + High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-57 isotope. + obo:RBO_00000060 + Co-57 + cobalt-57 gamma radiation @@ -745,9 +745,9 @@ - Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011868 - radionuclide + Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011868 + radionuclide @@ -756,9 +756,9 @@ - A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomic number 103 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008671 - actinide + A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomic number 103 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008671 + actinide @@ -767,9 +767,9 @@ - A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission. - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000186 - actinium + A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission. + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000186 + actinium @@ -778,9 +778,9 @@ - A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000576 - americium + A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000576 + americium @@ -789,9 +789,9 @@ - A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002142 - californium + A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002142 + californium @@ -800,9 +800,9 @@ - A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93. - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009405 - neptunium + A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93. + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009405 + neptunium @@ -811,9 +811,9 @@ - A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011005 - plutonium + A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011005 + plutonium @@ -822,9 +822,9 @@ - A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D013910 - thorium + A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D013910 + thorium @@ -833,9 +833,9 @@ - A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014501 - uranium + A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014501 + uranium @@ -844,11 +844,11 @@ - UV - Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately 3-120 eV. High energy UV radiation can be ioinizing. - UV radiation - http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm - ultraviolet radiation + UV + Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately 3-120 eV. High energy UV radiation can be ioinizing. + UV radiation + http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm + ultraviolet radiation @@ -857,11 +857,11 @@ - radioprotector - E.G. amifostine. - A substance present at the time of irradiation that mitigates or prevents the biological effects of irradiation. - Richard T. Hoppe, Theodore Locke Phillips, Mack Roach, Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition), W.B. Saunders, (2010), ISBN 9781416058977, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00093-7. - radioprotectant + radioprotector + E.G. amifostine. + A substance present at the time of irradiation that mitigates or prevents the biological effects of irradiation. + Richard T. Hoppe, Theodore Locke Phillips, Mack Roach, Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition), W.B. Saunders, (2010), ISBN 9781416058977, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00093-7. + radioprotectant @@ -870,8 +870,8 @@ - Radionuclide chelators are small organic molecules or in some cases larger peptides that chemically sequester the radionuclide ion by forming a complex that determines the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the radionuclide. - radionuclide chelator + Radionuclide chelators are small organic molecules or in some cases larger peptides that chemically sequester the radionuclide ion by forming a complex that determines the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the radionuclide. + radionuclide chelator @@ -880,8 +880,8 @@ - A co-carcinogen is generally a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. In some circumstances exposure to radiation or physical trauma is considered to be co-carcinogenic. - co-carcinogen + A co-carcinogen is generally a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. In some circumstances exposure to radiation or physical trauma is considered to be co-carcinogenic. + co-carcinogen @@ -890,9 +890,9 @@ - Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. - Citrin DE, Mitchell JB. Altering the response to radiation: sensitizers and protectors. Semin Oncol. 2014 Dec;41(6):848-59. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25499642; PMCID: PMC4270009. - radiation response modifier + Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. + Citrin DE, Mitchell JB. Altering the response to radiation: sensitizers and protectors. Semin Oncol. 2014 Dec;41(6):848-59. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25499642; PMCID: PMC4270009. + radiation response modifier @@ -901,9 +901,9 @@ - Radiation response modifiers that are peptides. - Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577 - peptide radiation response modifier + Radiation response modifiers that are peptides. + Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577 + peptide radiation response modifier @@ -912,8 +912,8 @@ - Radiation response modifiers that are small molecules. - small molecule radiation response modifier + Radiation response modifiers that are small molecules. + small molecule radiation response modifier @@ -922,9 +922,9 @@ - A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers. - Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1 - nuclear industry worker + A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers. + Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1 + nuclear industry worker @@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ - astronaut + astronaut @@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ - military + military @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ - medical professional + medical professional @@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ - dentist + dentist @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ - radiologist + radiologist @@ -978,9 +978,9 @@ - The theme or modality of an experimental, theoretical, critical or summative study involving radiation, radioactive materials including their impacts on orgnisms and society. - radiobiology investigation - radiobiology study type + The theme or modality of an experimental, theoretical, critical or summative study involving radiation, radioactive materials including their impacts on orgnisms and society. + radiobiology investigation + radiobiology study type @@ -989,9 +989,9 @@ - An epidemiological study is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global) - https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html - epidemiological study + An epidemiological study is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global) + https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html + epidemiological study @@ -1000,9 +1000,9 @@ - A study of the impact of radiation on the composition of or processes within the natural or anthropogenic environment. - environmental study - A owl:deprecated + A study of the impact of radiation on the composition of or processes within the natural or anthropogenic environment. + environmental study + A owl:deprecated @@ -1011,8 +1011,8 @@ - A study who endpoint is the lifespan of the organism under investifgation. - lifespan study + A study who endpoint is the lifespan of the organism under investifgation. + lifespan study @@ -1021,8 +1021,8 @@ - A study of the effect of agents including radiation, seperately or together, on the incidence or type of neoplasia or pre-neoplasia. - carcinogenesis study + A study of the effect of agents including radiation, seperately or together, on the incidence or type of neoplasia or pre-neoplasia. + carcinogenesis study @@ -1031,8 +1031,8 @@ - A study in which the structural or processual damage to normal tissue caused by radiation is assessed. Often by histopathology or molecular profiling. - tissue damage study + A study in which the structural or processual damage to normal tissue caused by radiation is assessed. Often by histopathology or molecular profiling. + tissue damage study @@ -1041,8 +1041,8 @@ - A study of the mechanism or effects of radiation on dna damage and its repair. - dna damage and repair study + A study of the mechanism or effects of radiation on dna damage and its repair. + dna damage and repair study @@ -1051,8 +1051,8 @@ - A study of the effects of internal or external radiation on cellular or organismal physiology. - physiological study + A study of the effects of internal or external radiation on cellular or organismal physiology. + physiological study @@ -1061,8 +1061,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on the integrity, composition and quality of adult, fetal or embryonic anatomical structures. - anatomical study + A study of the effects of radiation on the integrity, composition and quality of adult, fetal or embryonic anatomical structures. + anatomical study @@ -1071,8 +1071,8 @@ - A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism. - external exposure study + A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism. + external exposure study @@ -1081,8 +1081,8 @@ - A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. - internal contamination study + A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. + internal contamination study @@ -1091,8 +1091,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. - mixed exposure route study + A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. + mixed exposure route study @@ -1101,8 +1101,8 @@ - A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the most of the dose is given in a single or small number of fractions closely in time. - acute external exposure study + A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the most of the dose is given in a single or small number of fractions closely in time. + acute external exposure study @@ -1111,8 +1111,8 @@ - A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the dose is given over a protracted time period either continuously or in many fractions. Often these are lose dose studies. - chronic external exposure study + A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the dose is given over a protracted time period either continuously or in many fractions. Often these are lose dose studies. + chronic external exposure study @@ -1121,8 +1121,8 @@ - A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. The dose is delivered over a long period of time, often continuously and generlly at low dose. For example long term Radon exposure by inhalation. - chronic internal contamination study + A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. The dose is delivered over a long period of time, often continuously and generlly at low dose. For example long term Radon exposure by inhalation. + chronic internal contamination study @@ -1131,8 +1131,8 @@ - A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. Most of the dose is given over a short period of time and is generally unfractionated, such as in brachytherapy. - acute internal contamination study + A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. Most of the dose is given over a short period of time and is generally unfractionated, such as in brachytherapy. + acute internal contamination study @@ -1141,8 +1141,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Acute exposure involves usually a single exposure over a short period of time with no fractionation. - acute mixed exposure route study + A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Acute exposure involves usually a single exposure over a short period of time with no fractionation. + acute mixed exposure route study @@ -1151,8 +1151,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Chronic exposure involves usually a continuous or highly fractionated exposure over a long period of time. - chronic mixed exposure route study + A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Chronic exposure involves usually a continuous or highly fractionated exposure over a long period of time. + chronic mixed exposure route study @@ -1161,8 +1161,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on gene expression. - gene expression study + A study of the effects of radiation on gene expression. + gene expression study @@ -1171,8 +1171,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on the proteome or individual proteins. - proteomics study + A study of the effects of radiation on the proteome or individual proteins. + proteomics study @@ -1181,8 +1181,8 @@ - A study that aims at the discovery of protein, RNA or other molecular entities or modifcations that can act as reliable surrogates for the prediction or measurement of the effects of radiation or the response of the organism to radiation. - marker discovery study + A study that aims at the discovery of protein, RNA or other molecular entities or modifcations that can act as reliable surrogates for the prediction or measurement of the effects of radiation or the response of the organism to radiation. + marker discovery study @@ -1191,9 +1191,9 @@ - A study that aims at the discovery, development or assessment of efficacy of therapeutic agents or processes designed to mitigate or cure the effects of radiation exposure. - therapeutics study - A owl:deprecated + A study that aims at the discovery, development or assessment of efficacy of therapeutic agents or processes designed to mitigate or cure the effects of radiation exposure. + therapeutics study + A owl:deprecated @@ -1202,8 +1202,8 @@ - A study that uses survival as an endpoint. Generally applicable to animal studies rather than human studies which would use the "lifespan" measure (RBO:00000085) - survival study + A study that uses survival as an endpoint. Generally applicable to animal studies rather than human studies which would use the "lifespan" measure (RBO:00000085) + survival study @@ -1212,8 +1212,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on the metabolome or individual metabolites. - metabolomics study + A study of the effects of radiation on the metabolome or individual metabolites. + metabolomics study @@ -1222,9 +1222,9 @@ - A study of the contributing factors consequences and prevention of nuclear accidents - nuclear accident study - A owl:deprecated + A study of the contributing factors consequences and prevention of nuclear accidents + nuclear accident study + A owl:deprecated @@ -1233,8 +1233,8 @@ - A study of the toxicity of chemical or biological agents on cells or whole organisms. - toxicity study + A study of the toxicity of chemical or biological agents on cells or whole organisms. + toxicity study @@ -1243,8 +1243,8 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on the endocrine system or of endocrine hormones on the effects of radiation. - endocrine study + A study of the effects of radiation on the endocrine system or of endocrine hormones on the effects of radiation. + endocrine study @@ -1253,9 +1253,9 @@ - A study of the effects of radiation on the offspring of an irradiated animal or plant. - transgenerational study - offspring study + A study of the effects of radiation on the offspring of an irradiated animal or plant. + transgenerational study + offspring study @@ -1264,9 +1264,9 @@ - A study of the distribution and metabolism orf drugs or biologicals used for therapeutic purposes. - pharmacokinetics - biokinetics study + A study of the distribution and metabolism orf drugs or biologicals used for therapeutic purposes. + pharmacokinetics + biokinetics study @@ -1275,8 +1275,8 @@ - A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society. - occupational role + A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society. + occupational role @@ -1285,10 +1285,10 @@ - Neutrons or charged particles, such as protons or alpha particles that produce ionizing events densely spaced on a molecular scale (e.g., >10 keV-micron^[-1]. - NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf - NCIT:C17052 - high linear energy transfer radiation + Neutrons or charged particles, such as protons or alpha particles that produce ionizing events densely spaced on a molecular scale (e.g., >10 keV-micron^[-1]. + NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf + NCIT:C17052 + high linear energy transfer radiation @@ -1297,11 +1297,11 @@ - X and gamma rays or light charged particles such as electrons that produce sparse ionizing events far apart on a molecular scale. - NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf - NCIT:C17052 - low LET|low-LET - low linear energy transfer radiation + X and gamma rays or light charged particles such as electrons that produce sparse ionizing events far apart on a molecular scale. + NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf + NCIT:C17052 + low LET|low-LET + low linear energy transfer radiation @@ -1310,8 +1310,8 @@ - Electromagnetic radiation having sufficient energy to remove one or more electrons from an atom - ionizing electromagnetic radiation + Electromagnetic radiation having sufficient energy to remove one or more electrons from an atom + ionizing electromagnetic radiation @@ -1320,13 +1320,13 @@ - radiation dosimeter - A device that is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure or absorption. - radiation dosimeter - NCIT - NCIT:C150121 - dosimeter - radiation dosimeter device + radiation dosimeter + A device that is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure or absorption. + radiation dosimeter + NCIT + NCIT:C150121 + dosimeter + radiation dosimeter device @@ -1335,11 +1335,11 @@ - Particle or electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to liberate one or more electrons from an atom. - ionising radiation - NCIT:C17052 - ionising radiation - ionizing radiation + Particle or electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to liberate one or more electrons from an atom. + ionising radiation + NCIT:C17052 + ionising radiation + ionizing radiation @@ -1348,11 +1348,11 @@ - charged particle - Charged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) - charged particle - NCIT:C18982 - charged particle radiation + charged particle + Charged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) + charged particle + NCIT:C18982 + charged particle radiation @@ -1361,8 +1361,8 @@ - NCIT:C19015 - risk estimate + NCIT:C19015 + risk estimate @@ -1371,8 +1371,8 @@ - NCIT:C19662 - lifetime risk estimate + NCIT:C19662 + lifetime risk estimate @@ -1381,10 +1381,10 @@ - electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV - http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm - NCIT:C44386 - gamma radiation + electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV + http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm + NCIT:C44386 + gamma radiation @@ -1394,9 +1394,9 @@ - A device used to impart kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric and magnetic fields - NCIT:C94854 - particle accelerator + A device used to impart kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric and magnetic fields + NCIT:C94854 + particle accelerator @@ -1406,9 +1406,9 @@ - A device in which nuclear fission may be initiated and controlled in a self-sustaining chain reaction to generate energy or produce useful radiation. - MESH:D009688 - nuclear reactor + A device in which nuclear fission may be initiated and controlled in a self-sustaining chain reaction to generate energy or produce useful radiation. + MESH:D009688 + nuclear reactor @@ -1417,9 +1417,9 @@ - GO:0008150 - biological process - owl:deprecated + GO:0008150 + biological process + owl:deprecated @@ -1428,9 +1428,9 @@ - GO:0009987 - cellular process - owl:deprecated + GO:0009987 + cellular process + owl:deprecated @@ -1439,8 +1439,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 8 protons and 8 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - O-16 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 8 protons and 8 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + O-16 ion radiation @@ -1449,8 +1449,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 18 protons and 22 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Ar-40 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 18 protons and 22 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Ar-40 ion radiation @@ -1459,8 +1459,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 22 protons and 26 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Ti-48 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 22 protons and 26 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Ti-48 ion radiation @@ -1469,8 +1469,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 36 protons and 48 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Kr-84 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 36 protons and 48 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Kr-84 ion radiation @@ -1479,8 +1479,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 41 protons and 52 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Nb-93 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 41 protons and 52 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Nb-93 ion radiation @@ -1489,8 +1489,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 47 protons and 60 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Ag-107 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 47 protons and 60 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Ag-107 ion radiation @@ -1499,8 +1499,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 54 protons and 75 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Xe-129 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 54 protons and 75 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Xe-129 ion radiation @@ -1509,8 +1509,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 73 protons and 108 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Ta-181 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 73 protons and 108 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Ta-181 ion radiation @@ -1519,8 +1519,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 79 protons and 118 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - Au-197 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 79 protons and 118 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + Au-197 ion radiation @@ -1529,8 +1529,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, each with 7 protons and 7 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator - N-14 ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, each with 7 protons and 7 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator + N-14 ion radiation @@ -1539,10 +1539,10 @@ - The process by which an entity is exposed to electromagnetic or acoustic radiation radiation energy internally or externally. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Irradiation - radiation exposure + The process by which an entity is exposed to electromagnetic or acoustic radiation radiation energy internally or externally. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Irradiation + radiation exposure @@ -1551,10 +1551,10 @@ - Unplanned exposure to radiation of any type in any environment or otherwise planned process. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Accidental irradiation - accidental radiation exposure + Unplanned exposure to radiation of any type in any environment or otherwise planned process. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Accidental irradiation + accidental radiation exposure @@ -1564,10 +1564,10 @@ - Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally or externally. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Planned irradiation - planned radiation exposure + Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally or externally. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Planned irradiation + planned radiation exposure @@ -1576,10 +1576,10 @@ - Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a diagnosis of disease. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Diagnostic irradiation - medical diagnostic radiation exposure + Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a diagnosis of disease. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Diagnostic irradiation + medical diagnostic radiation exposure @@ -1588,10 +1588,10 @@ - Exposure to naturally occurring radiation (NORM) of any type in any environment . - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Environmental irradiation - exposure to naturally ocurring radioactive material + Exposure to naturally occurring radiation (NORM) of any type in any environment . + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Environmental irradiation + exposure to naturally ocurring radioactive material @@ -1600,10 +1600,10 @@ - Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a cure or mitigation of disease. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Therapeutic irradiation - medical therapeutic radiation exposure + Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a cure or mitigation of disease. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Therapeutic irradiation + medical therapeutic radiation exposure @@ -1612,10 +1612,10 @@ - Unplanned exposure to anthropogenic radiation of any type in any environment ; for example radiation from nuclear waste, nuclear industry discharge or weapons. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Accidental man-made radiation exposure - accidental non-medical anthropogenic radiation exposure + Unplanned exposure to anthropogenic radiation of any type in any environment ; for example radiation from nuclear waste, nuclear industry discharge or weapons. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Accidental man-made radiation exposure + accidental non-medical anthropogenic radiation exposure @@ -1624,10 +1624,10 @@ - Exposure to ionising radiation created by a man-made machine or exposure to a fixed source. For example a cobalt source, an X ray machine, an acceleratororf a nucler weapon. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - Exposure to human generated radiation - anthropogenic radiation exposure + Exposure to ionising radiation created by a man-made machine or exposure to a fixed source. For example a cobalt source, an X ray machine, an acceleratororf a nucler weapon. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + Exposure to human generated radiation + anthropogenic radiation exposure @@ -1637,9 +1637,9 @@ - Planned exposure to radiation generated through a device or exposure to a source emitting ionising radiation - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - planned anthropogenic radiation exposure + Planned exposure to radiation generated through a device or exposure to a source emitting ionising radiation + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + planned anthropogenic radiation exposure @@ -1648,9 +1648,9 @@ - Accidental or incidental exposure to radiation from a man made process or machine. Covers both radiation accidents and routine occupational exposure. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - accidental anthropogenic radiation exposure + Accidental or incidental exposure to radiation from a man made process or machine. Covers both radiation accidents and routine occupational exposure. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + accidental anthropogenic radiation exposure @@ -1659,9 +1659,9 @@ - Accidental exposure occurring during medical therapy or diagnostics, for example medical radiation accidents or overdoses. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - accidental medical anthropogenic radiation exposure + Accidental exposure occurring during medical therapy or diagnostics, for example medical radiation accidents or overdoses. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + accidental medical anthropogenic radiation exposure @@ -1670,10 +1670,10 @@ - Incidental exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as geographical areas with high background levels of radiation or specific locations such as Uranium mines. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure - TRUE + Incidental exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as geographical areas with high background levels of radiation or specific locations such as Uranium mines. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure + TRUE @@ -1682,9 +1682,9 @@ - Deliberate or knowing exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as a radon spa. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - planned naturally occurring radiation exposure + Deliberate or knowing exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as a radon spa. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + planned naturally occurring radiation exposure @@ -1693,9 +1693,9 @@ - Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - social and psychosocial study + Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + social and psychosocial study @@ -1704,10 +1704,10 @@ - Studies on the distribution of information or opinion by technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.biolontology.org/ontology/CSP/1580-0981 - mass media study + Studies on the distribution of information or opinion by technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.biolontology.org/ontology/CSP/1580-0981 + mass media study @@ -1716,9 +1716,9 @@ - Studies on the civil, legal, and political preparedness for accidental or deliberate release of radioactive materials or radiation into the environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - preparedness study + Studies on the civil, legal, and political preparedness for accidental or deliberate release of radioactive materials or radiation into the environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + preparedness study @@ -1727,10 +1727,10 @@ - Studies in which research is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which the investigator directly interacts with human subjects, including the dveelopment of new technologies, understanding of the mechanisms of disease, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiology behaviousrand health services research. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/4006-0105 - clinical study + Studies in which research is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which the investigator directly interacts with human subjects, including the dveelopment of new technologies, understanding of the mechanisms of disease, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiology behaviousrand health services research. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/4006-0105 + clinical study @@ -1739,9 +1739,9 @@ - Study of the laws, statutes, ordinances, government or international treaty regulations or authoritative guidelines, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions, relating to the regulation of radiation safety, movement and containment of radioactive materials and the consequences for human health or the natural environment of radioactive contamination. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - legal and governance study + Study of the laws, statutes, ordinances, government or international treaty regulations or authoritative guidelines, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions, relating to the regulation of radiation safety, movement and containment of radioactive materials and the consequences for human health or the natural environment of radioactive contamination. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + legal and governance study @@ -1750,9 +1750,9 @@ - Studies relating to organisations and processes concerned with freedom from or resilience towards potential harm caused by hostile intent or circumstances (for example terrorism and illegal release of radioactive substances or radiation) towards the natural environment or human population, and the enforcement of relevant laws and international treaties. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - security and law enforcement study + Studies relating to organisations and processes concerned with freedom from or resilience towards potential harm caused by hostile intent or circumstances (for example terrorism and illegal release of radioactive substances or radiation) towards the natural environment or human population, and the enforcement of relevant laws and international treaties. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + security and law enforcement study @@ -1761,9 +1761,9 @@ - A study whose intention is to discover knowledge concerning the origins, nature diagnosis or therapy for neoplastic disease and cancer. This includes studies in humans, model organisms, the laboratory and in silico. This class includes experimental and epidemiological studies specifically aimed at cancer. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - cancer study + A study whose intention is to discover knowledge concerning the origins, nature diagnosis or therapy for neoplastic disease and cancer. This includes studies in humans, model organisms, the laboratory and in silico. This class includes experimental and epidemiological studies specifically aimed at cancer. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + cancer study @@ -1772,9 +1772,9 @@ - The specific manner, characteristic, pattern of application, or the employment of any technology, approach or formal procedure to implement the study plan to generate a study type. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - study modality + The specific manner, characteristic, pattern of application, or the employment of any technology, approach or formal procedure to implement the study plan to generate a study type. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + study modality @@ -1783,9 +1783,9 @@ - Studies of the presence of radiation of any type in the natural or anthropogenic environment and its impact on animals, plants, and microorganisms. This includes studies measuring nuclide transfer in the environment, and interaction with meteorological phenomena. This excludes occupational exposure and the human working environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental study + Studies of the presence of radiation of any type in the natural or anthropogenic environment and its impact on animals, plants, and microorganisms. This includes studies measuring nuclide transfer in the environment, and interaction with meteorological phenomena. This excludes occupational exposure and the human working environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental study @@ -1794,9 +1794,9 @@ - Studies concerned with the regulation, monitoring and operation of the nuclear industry. For example nuclear power station and reprocessing plants, isotope purification and manufactore, weapons manufacture and testing. This includes occupation health studies, impact of accidental or deliberate release on the natural or man made environment and impact on organisms specifically affected directly or indirectly by contamination. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear industry study + Studies concerned with the regulation, monitoring and operation of the nuclear industry. For example nuclear power station and reprocessing plants, isotope purification and manufactore, weapons manufacture and testing. This includes occupation health studies, impact of accidental or deliberate release on the natural or man made environment and impact on organisms specifically affected directly or indirectly by contamination. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear industry study @@ -1805,10 +1805,10 @@ - Research done in a laboratory. A laboratory study may use special equipment and cells or animals to investigate the effects of an experimental perturbation, discover fundamental molecular mechanisms, assay biological substances, or find out if a drug, procedure, or treatment is likely to be useful in humans. A laboratory investigation is often characterised by a hypothesis and is carried out with controls. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C28278 - laboratory study + Research done in a laboratory. A laboratory study may use special equipment and cells or animals to investigate the effects of an experimental perturbation, discover fundamental molecular mechanisms, assay biological substances, or find out if a drug, procedure, or treatment is likely to be useful in humans. A laboratory investigation is often characterised by a hypothesis and is carried out with controls. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C28278 + laboratory study @@ -1817,10 +1817,10 @@ - Study of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ethicolegal constructs surrounding radiation and radiation safety and regulation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2482-9501 - attitudinal study + Study of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ethicolegal constructs surrounding radiation and radiation safety and regulation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2482-9501 + attitudinal study @@ -1829,9 +1829,9 @@ - Study concerning exchange or transmission of thoughts, messages, or information between people or between authorities and the general public (for example educational information, risk communication, safety communication) concerning exposure to and use of radiation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - communication study + Study concerning exchange or transmission of thoughts, messages, or information between people or between authorities and the general public (for example educational information, risk communication, safety communication) concerning exposure to and use of radiation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + communication study @@ -1840,9 +1840,9 @@ - A study focussed on a set of people with some shared characteristic. The substance of shared element varies widely, from geography to a situation to interest to lives and values. The term is widely used to evoke sense of collectivity. For example communities collectively exposed to radioactive environmental contamination. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - community study + A study focussed on a set of people with some shared characteristic. The substance of shared element varies widely, from geography to a situation to interest to lives and values. The term is widely used to evoke sense of collectivity. For example communities collectively exposed to radioactive environmental contamination. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + community study @@ -1851,9 +1851,9 @@ - The study of political involvement in radiation and nuclear regulation, military use, and safety as shown by inclusion in political manifestos and messaging by established or informal groups and its impact on voting patterns and democracy. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - political and psephological study + The study of political involvement in radiation and nuclear regulation, military use, and safety as shown by inclusion in political manifestos and messaging by established or informal groups and its impact on voting patterns and democracy. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + political and psephological study @@ -1862,9 +1862,9 @@ - A study measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or personality using defined scales. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - psychometric study + A study measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or personality using defined scales. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + psychometric study @@ -1873,9 +1873,9 @@ - A study of human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - behavioural study + A study of human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + behavioural study @@ -1884,9 +1884,9 @@ - A study dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - sociological study + A study dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + sociological study @@ -1895,9 +1895,9 @@ - Studies involving fields of inquiry into human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes . These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion. Included in this definition are sociological studies, especially those concerned with the social impact of the humanities. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - social science and humanities study + Studies involving fields of inquiry into human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes . These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion. Included in this definition are sociological studies, especially those concerned with the social impact of the humanities. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + social science and humanities study @@ -1906,9 +1906,9 @@ - Specifically an attitudinal study looking at how perception, for example of risk, and expectations affect behaviour. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - perceptions, expectations and behaviours study + Specifically an attitudinal study looking at how perception, for example of risk, and expectations affect behaviour. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + perceptions, expectations and behaviours study @@ -1917,9 +1917,9 @@ - Sociological, attitudinal, ethocolegal and regulatory approaches to governance of radiation and radioactive substance use. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - holistic approaches to governance study + Sociological, attitudinal, ethocolegal and regulatory approaches to governance of radiation and radioactive substance use. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + holistic approaches to governance study @@ -1928,9 +1928,9 @@ - Studies on policy concerning socially and ethically responsible research and innovation - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - responsible research and innovation study + Studies on policy concerning socially and ethically responsible research and innovation + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + responsible research and innovation study @@ -1939,9 +1939,9 @@ - Studies of the engagement between an organisational entity and those groups or individuals potentially or actually impacted by the actions of that entity over a range of activities and approaches. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - stakeholder engagement study + Studies of the engagement between an organisational entity and those groups or individuals potentially or actually impacted by the actions of that entity over a range of activities and approaches. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + stakeholder engagement study @@ -1950,9 +1950,9 @@ - Study concerning the modes, efficacy and response to communication of risk and health impacts of radiation in all aspects. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - risk and health communication study + Study concerning the modes, efficacy and response to communication of risk and health impacts of radiation in all aspects. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + risk and health communication study @@ -1961,9 +1961,9 @@ - Studies concenring the attitudes to and practices of radiological protection in defined groups of people. For example the nuclear industry of a country or within a specific laboratory. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiological protection culture study + Studies concenring the attitudes to and practices of radiological protection in defined groups of people. For example the nuclear industry of a country or within a specific laboratory. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiological protection culture study @@ -1972,10 +1972,10 @@ - Genetic study done at the population level or among population groups, generally to find the cause, incidence or spread of a disease or to see the response to a treatment, nutrition or environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16160 - genetic population study + Genetic study done at the population level or among population groups, generally to find the cause, incidence or spread of a disease or to see the response to a treatment, nutrition or environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16160 + genetic population study @@ -1984,10 +1984,10 @@ - A type of study in which participants are enrolled into the study before they develop the disease or outcome in question. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C142646 - prospective study + A type of study in which participants are enrolled into the study before they develop the disease or outcome in question. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C142646 + prospective study @@ -1996,10 +1996,10 @@ - Observational studies which include an organized system that uses observational methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) prospectively for a population defined by a particular disorder/disease, condition (including susceptibility to a disorder), or exposure (including products, health care services, and/or procedures) and that serves a predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purpose. Patient registries may be single purpose or on-going data collection programs that address one or more questions. (AHRQ) An observational study that is also considered to be a Patient Registry. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129000 - registry study + Observational studies which include an organized system that uses observational methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) prospectively for a population defined by a particular disorder/disease, condition (including susceptibility to a disorder), or exposure (including products, health care services, and/or procedures) and that serves a predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purpose. Patient registries may be single purpose or on-going data collection programs that address one or more questions. (AHRQ) An observational study that is also considered to be a Patient Registry. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129000 + registry study @@ -2008,9 +2008,9 @@ - A study looking backwards in time using observations collected predominantly prior to subject selection and enrolment - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - retrospective study + A study looking backwards in time using observations collected predominantly prior to subject selection and enrolment + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + retrospective study @@ -2019,9 +2019,9 @@ - A study of the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. this class also includes PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - incidence or prevalence study + A study of the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. this class also includes PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + incidence or prevalence study @@ -2030,9 +2030,9 @@ - Studies concerning the optimisation of situation awareness through gathering and analysing information, and methodologies for making decisions on that awareness, such as estimating the path of a radioactive fallout with respect to weather and population density and making a decision to evacuate a population. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - situation awareness and decision support study + Studies concerning the optimisation of situation awareness through gathering and analysing information, and methodologies for making decisions on that awareness, such as estimating the path of a radioactive fallout with respect to weather and population density and making a decision to evacuate a population. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + situation awareness and decision support study @@ -2041,9 +2041,9 @@ - A study concerning the protection of the population from unexpected radioactive discharge or contamination, such as a dirty bomb, and civil safetyy coningency plans, such as deployment of emergency services and evacuation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - civil protection study + A study concerning the protection of the population from unexpected radioactive discharge or contamination, such as a dirty bomb, and civil safetyy coningency plans, such as deployment of emergency services and evacuation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + civil protection study @@ -2052,9 +2052,9 @@ - Studies on planning for unexpected natural or man-made radiological catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant property damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent changes to the natural environment. Broader scope than civil protection as may relate to livestock, food and water shortage, disease outbreak and extensive traumas caused by precipitating or consequential damage. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - disaster planning study + Studies on planning for unexpected natural or man-made radiological catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant property damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent changes to the natural environment. Broader scope than civil protection as may relate to livestock, food and water shortage, disease outbreak and extensive traumas caused by precipitating or consequential damage. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + disaster planning study @@ -2063,9 +2063,9 @@ - Studies on plannig for or analysing a nuclear accident with release of airborn or waterborn contamination into the environment. Narrower than Disaster planning study but may be used to qualify an annotation to Disaster planning study if the source of contamination is a nuclear accident. A nuclear accident is not necessarily a disaster. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear accident study + Studies on plannig for or analysing a nuclear accident with release of airborn or waterborn contamination into the environment. Narrower than Disaster planning study but may be used to qualify an annotation to Disaster planning study if the source of contamination is a nuclear accident. A nuclear accident is not necessarily a disaster. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear accident study @@ -2074,10 +2074,10 @@ - A controlled study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs, devices, treatments, or preventive measures in humans by comparing two or more interventions or regimens - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/0690-6917 - clinical trial study + A controlled study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs, devices, treatments, or preventive measures in humans by comparing two or more interventions or regimens + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/0690-6917 + clinical trial study @@ -2086,9 +2086,9 @@ - Study of the effects of radiation used in a medical therapeutic or diagnostic context. Inlcudes radiation accidents in this context, excludes occupational exposure for health professionals. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - medical radiological safety study + Study of the effects of radiation used in a medical therapeutic or diagnostic context. Inlcudes radiation accidents in this context, excludes occupational exposure for health professionals. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + medical radiological safety study @@ -2097,9 +2097,9 @@ - A study concerned with health and safety policy development, implementation and practice in the workplace including investigating accidents at work, and chronic occupational exposure. Includes monitoring compliance with health and safety legislation and study of the promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - occupational health study + A study concerned with health and safety policy development, implementation and practice in the workplace including investigating accidents at work, and chronic occupational exposure. Includes monitoring compliance with health and safety legislation and study of the promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + occupational health study @@ -2108,9 +2108,9 @@ - Study on the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to medical diagnostic procedures using internal or external irradiation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiation based diagnostics study + Study on the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to medical diagnostic procedures using internal or external irradiation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiation based diagnostics study @@ -2119,9 +2119,9 @@ - Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiotherapy study + Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiotherapy study @@ -2130,9 +2130,9 @@ - A study involvingdevelopment of agents or procedures intended to produce an effect that is intended to mitigate or stop a pathologic process. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - therapeutics study + A study involvingdevelopment of agents or procedures intended to produce an effect that is intended to mitigate or stop a pathologic process. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + therapeutics study @@ -2141,10 +2141,10 @@ - A study of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes in diseased tissue. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/1448-3909 - histopathologic study + A study of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes in diseased tissue. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/1448-3909 + histopathologic study @@ -2153,9 +2153,9 @@ - Study of legal and statutory instruments and legislation designed to regulate the safety, use and transport of radioactive materials, release of such materials into the environment, or external radiation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiation legislation study + Study of legal and statutory instruments and legislation designed to regulate the safety, use and transport of radioactive materials, release of such materials into the environment, or external radiation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiation legislation study @@ -2164,9 +2164,9 @@ - Study of the policy approaches and their implementation concerned with harmonising regulatory guidelines and legislation dealing with radiation and radioactive substances between legislatures, generally internationally. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - regulatory harmonisation study + Study of the policy approaches and their implementation concerned with harmonising regulatory guidelines and legislation dealing with radiation and radioactive substances between legislatures, generally internationally. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + regulatory harmonisation study @@ -2175,9 +2175,9 @@ - Study of the development, implementation and monitoring of nuclear non proliferation treaties between states. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear proliferation treaty study + Study of the development, implementation and monitoring of nuclear non proliferation treaties between states. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear proliferation treaty study @@ -2186,10 +2186,10 @@ - Studies concerning intentional release of organisms (germs), toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances with intent to harm or kill people or the environment, or to inflict panic within a population. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/5000-0002 - bioterrorism study + Studies concerning intentional release of organisms (germs), toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances with intent to harm or kill people or the environment, or to inflict panic within a population. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/5000-0002 + bioterrorism study @@ -2198,9 +2198,9 @@ - Study of strategies and their implementation towards defence against radiation used as a weapon conducted by military powers and institutions. May also include civil defence where the military has a significant operational role, but not disaster preparedness. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - military defence study + Study of strategies and their implementation towards defence against radiation used as a weapon conducted by military powers and institutions. May also include civil defence where the military has a significant operational role, but not disaster preparedness. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + military defence study @@ -2209,9 +2209,9 @@ - Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from DNA, including methylation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. Includes interventional DNA modification. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - dna modification study + Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from DNA, including methylation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. Includes interventional DNA modification. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + dna modification study @@ -2220,9 +2220,9 @@ - Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from histones, including methylation, acetylation,phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - histone modification study + Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from histones, including methylation, acetylation,phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + histone modification study @@ -2231,9 +2231,9 @@ - Study conducted by means of structured or unstructured interviews of persons of interest. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - interview study + Study conducted by means of structured or unstructured interviews of persons of interest. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + interview study @@ -2242,9 +2242,9 @@ - A study of genetic variation and the inheritance of a trait or traits within a population or an individual including examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - genetic study + A study of genetic variation and the inheritance of a trait or traits within a population or an individual including examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + genetic study @@ -2253,9 +2253,9 @@ - A radiographic study used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. This may include the assessment of imaging modalities and the development of new techniques. Includes PET, MRI, CT and related techniques. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - imaging study + A radiographic study used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. This may include the assessment of imaging modalities and the development of new techniques. Includes PET, MRI, CT and related techniques. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + imaging study @@ -2264,9 +2264,9 @@ - Study concerned with the construction, analysis, evaluation, refinement etc. of mathematical or statistical models of the properties or behaviour of a set of entities, such as molecules, physiological processes, environmental processes such as nuclide transfer, such that functions are developed to reliably predict the behaviour of those entities. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - mathematical modelling study + Study concerned with the construction, analysis, evaluation, refinement etc. of mathematical or statistical models of the properties or behaviour of a set of entities, such as molecules, physiological processes, environmental processes such as nuclide transfer, such that functions are developed to reliably predict the behaviour of those entities. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + mathematical modelling study @@ -2275,9 +2275,9 @@ - A study usually conducted in a laboratory where non human animals are used to model aspects of a disease process or its therapy to provide insights into human biology or pathobiology. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - model organism study + A study usually conducted in a laboratory where non human animals are used to model aspects of a disease process or its therapy to provide insights into human biology or pathobiology. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + model organism study @@ -2286,9 +2286,9 @@ - Study concerning the development, use, calibration or standardisation of technologies for the qualitative or quantitative measurement of radiation and radionuclides. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - monitoring technologies and metrology study + Study concerning the development, use, calibration or standardisation of technologies for the qualitative or quantitative measurement of radiation and radionuclides. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + monitoring technologies and metrology study @@ -2297,9 +2297,9 @@ - Study of the chemistry of radioactive materials including radioactive tracer studies of metabolic processes - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiochemistry study + Study of the chemistry of radioactive materials including radioactive tracer studies of metabolic processes + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiochemistry study @@ -2308,9 +2308,9 @@ - Study of the development and implementation of public policy towards issues involving radiation - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - policy development study + Study of the development and implementation of public policy towards issues involving radiation + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + policy development study @@ -2319,9 +2319,9 @@ - Study of the effects of acoustic radiation on cellular and organismal physiology and the effects of acoustic radiation emitted in response to exposure to ionising radiation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - acoustic radiation study + Study of the effects of acoustic radiation on cellular and organismal physiology and the effects of acoustic radiation emitted in response to exposure to ionising radiation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + acoustic radiation study @@ -2330,9 +2330,9 @@ - Study of radiation levels and effects in the human built environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental study_ abiotic_anthropogenic + Study of radiation levels and effects in the human built environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental study_ abiotic_anthropogenic @@ -2341,9 +2341,9 @@ - Study of radiation levels and effects in the natural environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - natural environment study + Study of radiation levels and effects in the natural environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + natural environment study @@ -2352,9 +2352,9 @@ - The development and use of mathematical models and systems analysis for the description of naturally occurring non-human populations, and applications to measuring the effects of radiological contamination. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - ecological population modelling study + The development and use of mathematical models and systems analysis for the description of naturally occurring non-human populations, and applications to measuring the effects of radiological contamination. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + ecological population modelling study @@ -2363,9 +2363,9 @@ - The study of environmental contamination with radiation and radioactive substances and the toxic effects on the ecosystem either through chemical toxicity or radiation exposure. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - ecotoxicology study + The study of environmental contamination with radiation and radioactive substances and the toxic effects on the ecosystem either through chemical toxicity or radiation exposure. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + ecotoxicology study @@ -2374,9 +2374,9 @@ - The study of environmental contamination with radon and the toxic effects on biota including humans. Both natural and anthropogenic environments. Includes radiometrics, safety policies and mitigation technologies. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental radon study + The study of environmental contamination with radon and the toxic effects on biota including humans. Both natural and anthropogenic environments. Includes radiometrics, safety policies and mitigation technologies. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental radon study @@ -2385,9 +2385,9 @@ - Mathematical modelling of radionuclide transfer and dispersal processes in water, earth or air, either directly or through the mediation of biota. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radionuclide dispersal modelling study + Mathematical modelling of radionuclide transfer and dispersal processes in water, earth or air, either directly or through the mediation of biota. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radionuclide dispersal modelling study @@ -2396,9 +2396,9 @@ - Study of the ocurrence, levels and effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as Radon. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - naturally occurring radioactive materials study + Study of the ocurrence, levels and effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as Radon. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + naturally occurring radioactive materials study @@ -2407,9 +2407,9 @@ - Study involving the measurement of radiation levels, or concentration of radionuclides, in the natural or man made environment. Usually in a time series. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental radiation monitoring study + Study involving the measurement of radiation levels, or concentration of radionuclides, in the natural or man made environment. Usually in a time series. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental radiation monitoring study @@ -2418,9 +2418,9 @@ - Study concerned with the measurement of transfer of radionuclides to biota from the environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental radionuclide transfer study + Study concerned with the measurement of transfer of radionuclides to biota from the environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental radionuclide transfer study @@ -2429,9 +2429,9 @@ - Any study concenrd with the prevalence or effects on non-ionising radiations such as UV, acoustic, or RF. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - non ionising electromagnetic radiation study + Any study concenrd with the prevalence or effects on non-ionising radiations such as UV, acoustic, or RF. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + non ionising electromagnetic radiation study @@ -2440,9 +2440,9 @@ - Study concerning the safety, regulation, activities and engineering of nuclear installations including power stations, waste processing plant, radionuclide generation and purification plant, and military nuclear establishments. May include occupational health studies if broader than just occupationaal health in scope. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear installation study + Study concerning the safety, regulation, activities and engineering of nuclear installations including power stations, waste processing plant, radionuclide generation and purification plant, and military nuclear establishments. May include occupational health studies if broader than just occupationaal health in scope. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear installation study @@ -2451,9 +2451,9 @@ - Study of the process of generation of nuclear waste, its monitoring, regulation, disposal and inadvertent discharge. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear waste study + Study of the process of generation of nuclear waste, its monitoring, regulation, disposal and inadvertent discharge. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear waste study @@ -2462,9 +2462,9 @@ - Study of the engineering of nuclear installations such as power plants. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - nuclear engineering study + Study of the engineering of nuclear installations such as power plants. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + nuclear engineering study @@ -2473,9 +2473,9 @@ - Study of the process, regulation and monitoring of mines where exposure to naturally occurring radiation presents an occupational hazard for workers or the process itself, for example run off water or spoil, constitutes an environmental hazard. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - mining study + Study of the process, regulation and monitoring of mines where exposure to naturally occurring radiation presents an occupational hazard for workers or the process itself, for example run off water or spoil, constitutes an environmental hazard. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + mining study @@ -2484,9 +2484,9 @@ - A study using cells derived from an organism grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - cell culture study + A study using cells derived from an organism grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + cell culture study @@ -2495,9 +2495,9 @@ - A study using an organ, part of an organ or an organoid culture, derived from an organism and grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. The system differs from cell culture in the generation or maintenance of multiple cell types with the spatial and functional relationship between them derived from or reflecting the normal organisation in vivo. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - organ culture study + A study using an organ, part of an organ or an organoid culture, derived from an organism and grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. The system differs from cell culture in the generation or maintenance of multiple cell types with the spatial and functional relationship between them derived from or reflecting the normal organisation in vivo. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + organ culture study @@ -2506,9 +2506,9 @@ - Any study involving the manipulation, measurement, or characterisation of DNA or RNA in a cell or organism. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - molecular genetic study + Any study involving the manipulation, measurement, or characterisation of DNA or RNA in a cell or organism. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + molecular genetic study @@ -2517,9 +2517,9 @@ - Elucidation of the physical structure of a macromolecule, protein, carbohydrate, DNA or RNA, its analysis and manipulation based on structure/function considerations. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - molecular structural study + Elucidation of the physical structure of a macromolecule, protein, carbohydrate, DNA or RNA, its analysis and manipulation based on structure/function considerations. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + molecular structural study @@ -2528,9 +2528,9 @@ - A study using an intact organism, plant, animal, or microorganism - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - whole organism study + A study using an intact organism, plant, animal, or microorganism + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + whole organism study @@ -2539,9 +2539,9 @@ - Study of the cellular phenomenon which radiation energy is not been directly deposited in cells by transfer of medium, proximity/justaposition, or other means, but results in their behaving as if they had been irradiated. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - bystander effect study + Study of the cellular phenomenon which radiation energy is not been directly deposited in cells by transfer of medium, proximity/justaposition, or other means, but results in their behaving as if they had been irradiated. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + bystander effect study @@ -2550,9 +2550,9 @@ - A study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. This may be in intact organisms or in cells and includes population analysis of epigenetic phenomena and molecular analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - epigenetic study + A study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. This may be in intact organisms or in cells and includes population analysis of epigenetic phenomena and molecular analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + epigenetic study @@ -2561,9 +2561,9 @@ - Study of the frequency of induction , nature and consequences of the production of genetic or epigenetic alterations by any technique, including chemicals, radiation, recombination, or other molecular biology methods. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - mutagenesis study + Study of the frequency of induction , nature and consequences of the production of genetic or epigenetic alterations by any technique, including chemicals, radiation, recombination, or other molecular biology methods. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + mutagenesis study @@ -2572,9 +2572,9 @@ - Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or regulation of the nuclear industries. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - attitudinal study of nuclear industry risk perception + Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or regulation of the nuclear industries. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + attitudinal study of nuclear industry risk perception @@ -2583,9 +2583,9 @@ - Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic ionising radiation in the environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - attitudinal study towards ionising radiation in the environment + Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic ionising radiation in the environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + attitudinal study towards ionising radiation in the environment @@ -2594,9 +2594,9 @@ - Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the natural environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - attitudinal study towards non-ionising radiation in the environment + Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the natural environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + attitudinal study towards non-ionising radiation in the environment @@ -2605,9 +2605,9 @@ - Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety and efficacy in a clinical context where radiation is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - attitudinal study towards medical radiation procedures + Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety and efficacy in a clinical context where radiation is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + attitudinal study towards medical radiation procedures @@ -2616,9 +2616,9 @@ - Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the occupational environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - attitudinal study towards radiation in the occupational environment + Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the occupational environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + attitudinal study towards radiation in the occupational environment @@ -2627,9 +2627,9 @@ - Study of social and individual trust in the position and activities of legal or other competent advisory or regulatory authorities. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - authority trust study + Study of social and individual trust in the position and activities of legal or other competent advisory or regulatory authorities. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + authority trust study @@ -2638,9 +2638,9 @@ - Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communcation of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - risk communication study + Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communcation of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + risk communication study @@ -2649,9 +2649,9 @@ - Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - public communication study + Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + public communication study @@ -2660,9 +2660,9 @@ - Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations on any aspect of radiation, conceived of as an educational programme, and including a wider scope than just safety and risk. For example basic nuclear physics, emergency action advice. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - public education study + Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations on any aspect of radiation, conceived of as an educational programme, and including a wider scope than just safety and risk. For example basic nuclear physics, emergency action advice. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + public education study @@ -2671,9 +2671,9 @@ - Study involving attitudes, health status, social organisation of defined communities identified by common characteristics such as occupation type, geography, gender identity, with respect to radiation. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - social affairs and community health study + Study involving attitudes, health status, social organisation of defined communities identified by common characteristics such as occupation type, geography, gender identity, with respect to radiation. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + social affairs and community health study @@ -2682,9 +2682,9 @@ - Studies involving creation and assessment of plans for the future physical arrangement, well being, efficiency and condition of a community. It may have the goals of improving health, promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. In the context of radiation this may be concerned with community planning for dealing with mitigation measures for local NORM, or organised community-wide continegency measures for nuclear accident or recovery from such. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - community planning study + Studies involving creation and assessment of plans for the future physical arrangement, well being, efficiency and condition of a community. It may have the goals of improving health, promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. In the context of radiation this may be concerned with community planning for dealing with mitigation measures for local NORM, or organised community-wide continegency measures for nuclear accident or recovery from such. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + community planning study @@ -2693,9 +2693,9 @@ - Study concerned with eliciting information in a structured way concerning issues of interest from members of a community defined by common characteristics, for example occupation, geographical location, personal history or gender. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - community survey study + Study concerned with eliciting information in a structured way concerning issues of interest from members of a community defined by common characteristics, for example occupation, geographical location, personal history or gender. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + community survey study @@ -2704,9 +2704,9 @@ - A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology at the level of slected individuals. May be carried out by observation or as individual responses to a questioannaire or interview in the case of humans where the person records their own assessment of their behaviour. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - individual behaviour study + A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology at the level of slected individuals. May be carried out by observation or as individual responses to a questioannaire or interview in the case of humans where the person records their own assessment of their behaviour. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + individual behaviour study @@ -2715,9 +2715,9 @@ - A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology within substantial populations of individuals. Likely to be carried out by mass observation or indirect inference. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - population behaviour study + A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology within substantial populations of individuals. Likely to be carried out by mass observation or indirect inference. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + population behaviour study @@ -2726,9 +2726,9 @@ - Mathematical modelling for theraputic regime optimisation and for optimal tumor response, for example modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor and blood volume fraction, and predicting response to radiation therapy. Also studies for beam modelling and multiimaging techniques. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - radiotherapeutic modelling study + Mathematical modelling for theraputic regime optimisation and for optimal tumor response, for example modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor and blood volume fraction, and predicting response to radiation therapy. Also studies for beam modelling and multiimaging techniques. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + radiotherapeutic modelling study @@ -2737,9 +2737,9 @@ - Study of the radiolonuclide components and emissions from building materials - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - building materials radiological safety study + Study of the radiolonuclide components and emissions from building materials + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + building materials radiological safety study @@ -2748,9 +2748,9 @@ - Studies on radiological safety within buildings. Primary purpose os for buildings not specifially designed to hold radioactive materials but anaylyis and mitigation of risks from radioactive exposure from the local environment or materials. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - building radiological safety study + Studies on radiological safety within buildings. Primary purpose os for buildings not specifially designed to hold radioactive materials but anaylyis and mitigation of risks from radioactive exposure from the local environment or materials. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + building radiological safety study @@ -2759,9 +2759,9 @@ - Study of the weather and atmospheric dynamics mainly with respect to dissemination of radionuclides. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - meteorology study + Study of the weather and atmospheric dynamics mainly with respect to dissemination of radionuclides. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + meteorology study @@ -2770,9 +2770,9 @@ - Study of non-living objects in the environment, such as soils or rocks. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental study_abiotic + Study of non-living objects in the environment, such as soils or rocks. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental study_abiotic @@ -2781,9 +2781,9 @@ - Study of non-human biota in the natural environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental study_biota ( non human) + Study of non-human biota in the natural environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental study_biota ( non human) @@ -2792,9 +2792,9 @@ - Study which may include human and non-human biota in the environment. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - environmental study_panbiota (all) + Study which may include human and non-human biota in the environment. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + environmental study_panbiota (all) @@ -2803,9 +2803,9 @@ - Study of the measurement, effects and regulation of wireless communication signals, for example mobile phone radiation and microwave communication. - 0000-0002-5111-7263 - wireless communication radiation study + Study of the measurement, effects and regulation of wireless communication signals, for example mobile phone radiation and microwave communication. + 0000-0002-5111-7263 + wireless communication radiation study @@ -2814,10 +2814,10 @@ - The sample was irradiated with Cs-137 gamma ray photons. - Photons having energies that are greater than tens of thousands of electron volts (eV). - Britannica.com - gamma ray photon + The sample was irradiated with Cs-137 gamma ray photons. + Photons having energies that are greater than tens of thousands of electron volts (eV). + Britannica.com + gamma ray photon @@ -2826,10 +2826,10 @@ - The sample was irradiated with x-ray photons. - A photon with energies from about 100 eV (electron volts) to 1 MeV (million electron volts). - Britannica.com - x-ray photon + The sample was irradiated with x-ray photons. + A photon with energies from about 100 eV (electron volts) to 1 MeV (million electron volts). + Britannica.com + x-ray photon @@ -2838,13 +2838,13 @@ - Irradiation of the sample was with x-ray photons. - An energy transfer process in which energy in the form of particles or waves is transferred from one entity to another - 0000-0003-1741-8297 - Jack Miller - obo:RBO_0002000 - irradiation - TRUE + Irradiation of the sample was with x-ray photons. + An energy transfer process in which energy in the form of particles or waves is transferred from one entity to another + 0000-0003-1741-8297 + Jack Miller + obo:RBO_0002000 + irradiation + TRUE @@ -2853,8 +2853,8 @@ - A process involving the emission of energy from an atomic nucleus resulting in change in the character of the nucleus - radioactive decay + A process involving the emission of energy from an atomic nucleus resulting in change in the character of the nucleus + radioactive decay @@ -2863,8 +2863,8 @@ - Irradiation that is not the result of a planned process - unplanned irradiation + Irradiation that is not the result of a planned process + unplanned irradiation @@ -2873,8 +2873,8 @@ - Unplanned irradiation that is of anthropogenic origin - unplanned anthropogenic irradiation + Unplanned irradiation that is of anthropogenic origin + unplanned anthropogenic irradiation @@ -2883,8 +2883,8 @@ - Unplanned irradiation that is non-anthropogenic in origin - unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure + Unplanned irradiation that is non-anthropogenic in origin + unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure @@ -2893,8 +2893,8 @@ - Environmental monitoring that includes continual assay for radiation dose or quality. - environmental radiation monitoring + Environmental monitoring that includes continual assay for radiation dose or quality. + environmental radiation monitoring @@ -2903,8 +2903,8 @@ - Monitoring within an environment which was not man-made. - natural environment monitoring + Monitoring within an environment which was not man-made. + natural environment monitoring @@ -2913,8 +2913,8 @@ - Monitoring within a man-made or constructed environment - anthropogenic environment monitoring + Monitoring within a man-made or constructed environment + anthropogenic environment monitoring @@ -2924,8 +2924,8 @@ - Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a man-made or constructed environment such as a building or a vehicle. - anthropogenic environment radiation monitoring + Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a man-made or constructed environment such as a building or a vehicle. + anthropogenic environment radiation monitoring @@ -2935,8 +2935,8 @@ - Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a natural environment. - natural environment radiation monitoring + Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a natural environment. + natural environment radiation monitoring @@ -2945,8 +2945,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, with atomic number 2 or greater and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means - heavy ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, with atomic number 2 or greater and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means + heavy ion radiation @@ -2955,8 +2955,8 @@ - Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means - light ion radiation + Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means + light ion radiation @@ -2965,8 +2965,8 @@ - A particle with a positive or negative electric charge - charged particle + A particle with a positive or negative electric charge + charged particle @@ -2975,9 +2975,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons - Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 - Iron-56 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons + Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 + Iron-56 nucleus @@ -2986,9 +2986,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons - Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 - Silicon-28 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons + Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 + Silicon-28 nucleus @@ -2997,9 +2997,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons - C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 - Carbon-12 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons + C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 + Carbon-12 nucleus @@ -3008,9 +3008,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons - He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 - Helium-4 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons + He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 + Helium-4 nucleus @@ -3019,9 +3019,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons - Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 - Neon-20 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons + Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 + Neon-20 nucleus @@ -3030,11 +3030,11 @@ - space flight - Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmmosphere. - spaceflight - Space flight - space flight + space flight + Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmmosphere. + spaceflight + Space flight + space flight @@ -3043,9 +3043,9 @@ - The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium. - Jack Miller - absorbed radiation dose + The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium. + Jack Miller + absorbed radiation dose @@ -3054,9 +3054,9 @@ - The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium per unit time. - Jack Miller - absorbed radiation dose rate + The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium per unit time. + Jack Miller + absorbed radiation dose rate @@ -3065,9 +3065,9 @@ - The kinetic energy carried by a particle or photon of ionizing radiation. - Jack Miller - ionizing radiation energy + The kinetic energy carried by a particle or photon of ionizing radiation. + Jack Miller + ionizing radiation energy @@ -3076,12 +3076,12 @@ - x-ray - Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately between 0.1 and 120 keV. The upper end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps with the lower end of the gamma ray spectrum. - Jack Miller - x-ray - http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm - x-ray radiation + x-ray + Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately between 0.1 and 120 keV. The upper end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps with the lower end of the gamma ray spectrum. + Jack Miller + x-ray + http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm + x-ray radiation @@ -3090,9 +3090,9 @@ - A material entity which emits radiation - Jack Miller - radiation source + A material entity which emits radiation + Jack Miller + radiation source @@ -3101,11 +3101,11 @@ - sham irradiation - Sham irradiation refers to a procedure in which participants or subjects in an experiment are exposed to simulated radiation, mimicking precisely the conditions of actual irradiation. The purpose of using sham irradiation is to create a control group that experiences the non-specific effects of the experimental setup, while excluding the specific effects associated with radiation exposure. - Jack Miller - sham - sham irradiation + sham irradiation + Sham irradiation refers to a procedure in which participants or subjects in an experiment are exposed to simulated radiation, mimicking precisely the conditions of actual irradiation. The purpose of using sham irradiation is to create a control group that experiences the non-specific effects of the experimental setup, while excluding the specific effects associated with radiation exposure. + Jack Miller + sham + sham irradiation @@ -3114,11 +3114,11 @@ - fractionation protocol - A protocol for administering a total radiation dose in two or more increments separated by a specified time interval - Jack Miller - fractionation protocol - radiation fractionation protocol + fractionation protocol + A protocol for administering a total radiation dose in two or more increments separated by a specified time interval + Jack Miller + fractionation protocol + radiation fractionation protocol @@ -3127,10 +3127,10 @@ - cis-lunar space - The region of space between the Earth and the Moon - Jack Miller - cis-lunar space + cis-lunar space + The region of space between the Earth and the Moon + Jack Miller + cis-lunar space @@ -3139,10 +3139,10 @@ - lunar orbit - A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Earth's moon - Jack Miller - lunar orbit + lunar orbit + A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Earth's moon + Jack Miller + lunar orbit @@ -3151,10 +3151,10 @@ - lunar surface - The area of the lunar landmass exposed to space - Jack Miller - lunar surface + lunar surface + The area of the lunar landmass exposed to space + Jack Miller + lunar surface @@ -3163,10 +3163,10 @@ - cis-Mars space - The region of space between the Earth and Mars - Jack Miller - cis-mars space + cis-Mars space + The region of space between the Earth and Mars + Jack Miller + cis-mars space @@ -3175,10 +3175,10 @@ - Mars orbit - A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Mars - Jack Miller - mars orbit + Mars orbit + A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Mars + Jack Miller + mars orbit @@ -3187,10 +3187,10 @@ - Mars surface - The area of the Mars landmass exposed to the Martian atmosphere - Jack Miller - mars surface + Mars surface + The area of the Mars landmass exposed to the Martian atmosphere + Jack Miller + mars surface @@ -3199,10 +3199,10 @@ - interplanetary space - The region of space in the Solar System between planets - Jack Miller - interplanetary space + interplanetary space + The region of space in the Solar System between planets + Jack Miller + interplanetary space @@ -3211,10 +3211,10 @@ - planet surface - The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet - Jack Miller - planet surface + planet surface + The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet + Jack Miller + planet surface @@ -3223,10 +3223,10 @@ - non-irradiated - An organism or material entity kept unexposed to radiation, for purposes of comparison to a similar organism or material entity that has been exposed to radiation - Jack Miller - non-irradiated + non-irradiated + An organism or material entity kept unexposed to radiation, for purposes of comparison to a similar organism or material entity that has been exposed to radiation + Jack Miller + non-irradiated @@ -3235,11 +3235,11 @@ - ground analog experiment - A study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate one or more conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) - Jack Miller - ground analog - ground analog study + ground analog experiment + A study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate one or more conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) + Jack Miller + ground analog + ground analog study @@ -3248,11 +3248,11 @@ - ground control - An study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) with the exception of one condition, so as to ascertain the effects of that condition on an organism or instrument - Jack Miller - ground control - ground control study + ground control + An study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) with the exception of one condition, so as to ascertain the effects of that condition on an organism or instrument + Jack Miller + ground control + ground control study @@ -3261,10 +3261,10 @@ - irradiation protocol - A protocol for administering radiation to a sample - Jack Miller - irradiation protocol + irradiation protocol + A protocol for administering radiation to a sample + Jack Miller + irradiation protocol @@ -3273,11 +3273,11 @@ - radiation fraction - One of the series of individual doses administered to a sample in a fractionated irradiation. - Jack Miller - fraction - radiation fraction + radiation fraction + One of the series of individual doses administered to a sample in a fractionated irradiation. + Jack Miller + fraction + radiation fraction @@ -3286,10 +3286,10 @@ - radiation fraction interval - Time between fractions in a fractionated irradiation. - Jack Miller - radiation fraction interval + radiation fraction interval + Time between fractions in a fractionated irradiation. + Jack Miller + radiation fraction interval @@ -3298,11 +3298,11 @@ - high altitude - The region of the atmosphere above 8000 feet above sea level. Altitudes above 12000 feet are sometimes referred to as very high altitude, and above 18000 feet as extremely high altitude. - Jack Miller - https://www.medicinenet.com/high_altitude/definition.htm - high altitude + high altitude + The region of the atmosphere above 8000 feet above sea level. Altitudes above 12000 feet are sometimes referred to as very high altitude, and above 18000 feet as extremely high altitude. + Jack Miller + https://www.medicinenet.com/high_altitude/definition.htm + high altitude @@ -3311,11 +3311,11 @@ - sham - The class should be used in cases where it is clear that the control sample was treated in precisely the same way as the experimental samples or sham irradiation is specified. It is therefore a more restricted quality definition than "non-irradiated". It is likely to be used more often with external radiation exposure or exposure to a beam, and with a biological rather than abiotic sample. - A quality of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual which is part of an experiment that tests the effects of radiation on organisms or materials by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. In sham irradiation the precise treatment of the sample must be identical to that of the experimental samples and should be made explicit in the description of the method. - Jack Miller - sham-irradiated + sham + The class should be used in cases where it is clear that the control sample was treated in precisely the same way as the experimental samples or sham irradiation is specified. It is therefore a more restricted quality definition than "non-irradiated". It is likely to be used more often with external radiation exposure or exposure to a beam, and with a biological rather than abiotic sample. + A quality of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual which is part of an experiment that tests the effects of radiation on organisms or materials by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. In sham irradiation the precise treatment of the sample must be identical to that of the experimental samples and should be made explicit in the description of the method. + Jack Miller + sham-irradiated @@ -3324,11 +3324,11 @@ - parabolic flight - An aircraft which flies a series of parabolic arcs to simulate micrgravity. - Jack Miller - Vomit Comet - parabolic flight aircraft + parabolic flight + An aircraft which flies a series of parabolic arcs to simulate micrgravity. + Jack Miller + Vomit Comet + parabolic flight aircraft @@ -3337,9 +3337,9 @@ - An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes. - Jack Miller - high altitude research aircraft + An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes. + Jack Miller + high altitude research aircraft @@ -3348,11 +3348,11 @@ - UAV - An research aircraft designed to operate without crew members, either autonomously or under control from a ground station - Jack Miller - UAV - uncrewed aerial vehicle + UAV + An research aircraft designed to operate without crew members, either autonomously or under control from a ground station + Jack Miller + UAV + uncrewed aerial vehicle @@ -3361,12 +3361,12 @@ - HZE - Fully ionized atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons and energies in excess of tens of MeV per nucleon - Jack Miller - HZE - highly charged energetic nuclei - highly charged energetic nucleus + HZE + Fully ionized atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons and energies in excess of tens of MeV per nucleon + Jack Miller + HZE + highly charged energetic nuclei + highly charged energetic nucleus @@ -3375,10 +3375,10 @@ - A study of a response to radiation conditioned by prior administration of radiation of a different type and/or at a different dose or dose rate - Jack Miller - adaptive - adaptive radiation response study + A study of a response to radiation conditioned by prior administration of radiation of a different type and/or at a different dose or dose rate + Jack Miller + adaptive + adaptive radiation response study @@ -3387,9 +3387,9 @@ - The total dose administered in a series of radiation fractions divided by the elapsed time between the beginning of the first exposure fraction and the end of the last exposure fraction - Jack Miller - average fractionated dose rate + The total dose administered in a series of radiation fractions divided by the elapsed time between the beginning of the first exposure fraction and the end of the last exposure fraction + Jack Miller + average fractionated dose rate @@ -3398,9 +3398,9 @@ - A device which exposes samples to gamma radiation. - Jack Miller - gamma irradiator + A device which exposes samples to gamma radiation. + Jack Miller + gamma irradiator @@ -3409,10 +3409,10 @@ - charge - The electric charge of a particle used in an irradiation - Jack Miller - particle charge + charge + The electric charge of a particle used in an irradiation + Jack Miller + particle charge @@ -3421,9 +3421,9 @@ - The measurement of the amount of radiation taken up by a sample. - Jack Miller - radiation dosimetry + The measurement of the amount of radiation taken up by a sample. + Jack Miller + radiation dosimetry @@ -3432,10 +3432,10 @@ - A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. - Jack Miller - Wikipedia - microbeam + A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. + Jack Miller + Wikipedia + microbeam @@ -3444,9 +3444,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons - Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 - Niobium-93 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons + Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 + Niobium-93 nucleus @@ -3455,9 +3455,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons - Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 - Silver-107 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons + Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 + Silver-107 nucleus @@ -3466,9 +3466,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons - Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 - Xenon-129 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons + Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 + Xenon-129 nucleus @@ -3477,9 +3477,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons - Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 - Tantalum-181 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons + Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 + Tantalum-181 nucleus @@ -3488,9 +3488,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons - Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 - Gold-197 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons + Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 + Gold-197 nucleus @@ -3499,9 +3499,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons - N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 - Nitrogen-14 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons + N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 + Nitrogen-14 nucleus @@ -3510,9 +3510,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons - O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 - Oxygen-16 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons + O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 + Oxygen-16 nucleus @@ -3521,9 +3521,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons - Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 - Argon-40 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons + Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 + Argon-40 nucleus @@ -3532,9 +3532,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons - Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 - Titanium-48 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons + Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 + Titanium-48 nucleus @@ -3543,9 +3543,9 @@ - An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons - Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 - Krypton-84 nucleus + An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons + Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 + Krypton-84 nucleus @@ -3554,12 +3554,12 @@ - mGy/sec - A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second - mGy/sec - UO:0010065 - miligray per second - TRUE + mGy/sec + A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second + mGy/sec + UO:0010065 + miligray per second + TRUE @@ -3568,11 +3568,11 @@ - Indirect cellular response to stimulus - This could be used to describe a tissue response to immune stimulation, so for example an IL2 response of endothelial cells in response to lymphocytes stimulated by pathogen. - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell - Paul Schofield - indirect cellular response to stimulus + Indirect cellular response to stimulus + This could be used to describe a tissue response to immune stimulation, so for example an IL2 response of endothelial cells in response to lymphocytes stimulated by pathogen. + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell + Paul Schofield + indirect cellular response to stimulus @@ -3581,10 +3581,10 @@ - The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671 - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. - Paul Schofield - indirect cellular response to radiation + The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. + Paul Schofield + indirect cellular response to radiation @@ -3593,10 +3593,10 @@ - Directly describes the bystander effect (Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) but can alo sbe used to describe phenomena related to the abscopal effect, manifest in whole organisms where irradiation of one part of the organism causes changes in another un-irradiated component. - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the ionising radiation by one cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. - Paul Schofield - indirect cellular response to ionising radiation + Directly describes the bystander effect (Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) but can alo sbe used to describe phenomena related to the abscopal effect, manifest in whole organisms where irradiation of one part of the organism causes changes in another un-irradiated component. + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the ionising radiation by one cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. + Paul Schofield + indirect cellular response to ionising radiation @@ -3605,8 +3605,8 @@ - A device for exposing materials or biological organisms to ionizing radiation for research or therapeutic purposes. - ionizing radiation device + A device for exposing materials or biological organisms to ionizing radiation for research or therapeutic purposes. + ionizing radiation device @@ -3615,10 +3615,10 @@ - High-altitude balloons are crewed or uncrewed balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between 18 and 37 km (11 and 23 mi; 59,000 and 121,000 ft) above sea level. - Jack Miller - Wikipedia - high-altitude balloon + High-altitude balloons are crewed or uncrewed balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between 18 and 37 km (11 and 23 mi; 59,000 and 121,000 ft) above sea level. + Jack Miller + Wikipedia + high-altitude balloon @@ -3627,10 +3627,10 @@ - spaceflight - Travel beyond the Earth's atmosphere - Jack Miller - space flight + spaceflight + Travel beyond the Earth's atmosphere + Jack Miller + space flight @@ -3639,12 +3639,12 @@ - non-targeted effects of ionising radiation - Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001) - Paul Schofield ORCID: 0000-0002-5111-7263 - NTE - non-targeted effects - non-targeted effects of ionising radiation + non-targeted effects of ionising radiation + Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001) + Paul Schofield ORCID: 0000-0002-5111-7263 + NTE + non-targeted effects + non-targeted effects of ionising radiation @@ -3653,8 +3653,8 @@ - That energy which is transferred in space and time as part of the process of radiation (ENVO:01001023). - radiation + That energy which is transferred in space and time as part of the process of radiation (ENVO:01001023). + radiation @@ -3663,8 +3663,8 @@ - Uncharged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) - neutral particle radiation + Uncharged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) + neutral particle radiation @@ -3673,10 +3673,10 @@ - An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers - See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. - Usually a track structure assay at nm scale - nanodosimetry assay + An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers + See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. + Usually a track structure assay at nm scale + nanodosimetry assay @@ -3685,10 +3685,10 @@ - An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers - See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. - Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale - microdosimetry assay + An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers + See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. + Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale + microdosimetry assay @@ -3697,11 +3697,11 @@ - Nuclear decay in which an alpha particle is emitted. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00005 - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000017 - alpha-decay - alpha decay + Nuclear decay in which an alpha particle is emitted. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00005 + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000017 + alpha-decay + alpha decay @@ -3710,11 +3710,11 @@ - Radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs. - http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000007 - beta-decay - beta decay + Radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs. + http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000007 + beta-decay + beta decay @@ -3723,8 +3723,8 @@ - Processes in which electrons or components of the atomic nucleus are participants. - subatomic process + Processes in which electrons or components of the atomic nucleus are participants. + subatomic process @@ -3733,8 +3733,8 @@ - Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers - nanodosimetric measurement datum + Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers + nanodosimetric measurement datum @@ -3743,8 +3743,8 @@ - In microdosimetry the specific energy, z, is the energy deposited by radiation ( in one or more deposition events) in a specified micrometric (or smaller) site divided my the mass of the site. Measured in Gy. - specific energy measurement datum + In microdosimetry the specific energy, z, is the energy deposited by radiation ( in one or more deposition events) in a specified micrometric (or smaller) site divided my the mass of the site. Measured in Gy. + specific energy measurement datum @@ -3753,8 +3753,8 @@ - The path of a particle in matter, delineated by sites where the particle deposits energy. - particle track + The path of a particle in matter, delineated by sites where the particle deposits energy. + particle track @@ -3763,8 +3763,8 @@ - A pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers. - nanodosimetry + A pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers. + nanodosimetry @@ -3773,8 +3773,8 @@ - The complete set of spatial coordinates of energy deposition events along a particle track in matter - particle track structure + The complete set of spatial coordinates of energy deposition events along a particle track in matter + particle track structure @@ -3783,8 +3783,8 @@ - A group of ionization events closely related in time and space, occurring in a specified target volume and originating from a single primary ionizing particle. - ionization cluster + A group of ionization events closely related in time and space, occurring in a specified target volume and originating from a single primary ionizing particle. + ionization cluster @@ -3793,8 +3793,8 @@ - Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers. - microdosimetric measurement datum + Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers. + microdosimetric measurement datum @@ -3803,8 +3803,8 @@ - A volume of matter characterised by linear dimensions of the order of 0.5- 10's of microns, referred to as the "site" in microdosimetry. - micrometric volume + A volume of matter characterised by linear dimensions of the order of 0.5- 10's of microns, referred to as the "site" in microdosimetry. + micrometric volume @@ -3813,9 +3813,9 @@ - A control specimen role of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual describes a specimen by its purpose, and therefore treatment, within a planned experimental process that tests hypotheses by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. The quality of control inhering in the sample role exists as a result of the historical treatment of the sample. In a controlled experiment, two or more virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to isolate any causal phenomena. A control may have been subject to treatments during the experiment that might alter its state or behaviour and is therefore distinguishable from the sample as initial input into the experiment. However such treatments should in all cases but that of the variable under scrutiny, be the same as the experimental sample. - http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C64355 - control specimen role + A control specimen role of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual describes a specimen by its purpose, and therefore treatment, within a planned experimental process that tests hypotheses by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. The quality of control inhering in the sample role exists as a result of the historical treatment of the sample. In a controlled experiment, two or more virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to isolate any causal phenomena. A control may have been subject to treatments during the experiment that might alter its state or behaviour and is therefore distinguishable from the sample as initial input into the experiment. However such treatments should in all cases but that of the variable under scrutiny, be the same as the experimental sample. + http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C64355 + control specimen role @@ -3824,9 +3824,9 @@ - Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed in every respect. - Use approximate sham irradiation when at least one aspect of the irradiation (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed precisely. For example, Not placing an organism or sample in a beam line for the same length of time as the irradiated organism(s) or sample(s) were left in the beam. - approximate sham irradiation + Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed in every respect. + Use approximate sham irradiation when at least one aspect of the irradiation (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed precisely. For example, Not placing an organism or sample in a beam line for the same length of time as the irradiated organism(s) or sample(s) were left in the beam. + approximate sham irradiation @@ -3835,9 +3835,9 @@ - Experimental internal radiation exposure of rodents to radon gas through inhalation. - Exposure to an inhaled, ingested, injected or implanted source of radiation of any origin as part of a planned or accidental process. - internal radiation exposure + Experimental internal radiation exposure of rodents to radon gas through inhalation. + Exposure to an inhaled, ingested, injected or implanted source of radiation of any origin as part of a planned or accidental process. + internal radiation exposure @@ -3846,10 +3846,10 @@ - Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. - Exposure to an external source of radiation of any origin or type. - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - external radiation exposure + Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. + Exposure to an external source of radiation of any origin or type. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + external radiation exposure @@ -3858,9 +3858,9 @@ - Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol is followed in every respect, with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure. - Use complete sham irradiation when all steps of an irradiation protocol are followed for sham control group (with the exception of administration of the radiation exposure). - complete sham irradiation + Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol is followed in every respect, with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure. + Use complete sham irradiation when all steps of an irradiation protocol are followed for sham control group (with the exception of administration of the radiation exposure). + complete sham irradiation @@ -3870,10 +3870,10 @@ - Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally by the ingestion, inhalation or implantation of a source of radiation. - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure - internal experimental radiation exposure + Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally by the ingestion, inhalation or implantation of a source of radiation. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure + internal experimental radiation exposure @@ -3882,8 +3882,8 @@ - The direct or indirect transfer of energy from radiation to a medium through ionisation or excitation of the atoms of the medium. - energy deposition event + The direct or indirect transfer of energy from radiation to a medium through ionisation or excitation of the atoms of the medium. + energy deposition event @@ -3892,7 +3892,7 @@ - track formation + track formation @@ -3901,10 +3901,10 @@ - A mixed irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - mixed irradiation study + A mixed irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + mixed irradiation study @@ -3913,10 +3913,10 @@ - A mixed ion and photon irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - mixed ion and photon irradiation study + A mixed ion and photon irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + mixed ion and photon irradiation study @@ -3925,10 +3925,10 @@ - A mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study + A mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study @@ -3937,10 +3937,10 @@ - A mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study typically involves sequentially exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study + A mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study typically involves sequentially exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study @@ -3949,11 +3949,11 @@ - A multiple ion irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of charged particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - multiple ion mixed irradiation study - multiple ion irradiation study + A multiple ion irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of charged particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + multiple ion mixed irradiation study + multiple ion irradiation study @@ -3962,10 +3962,10 @@ - A multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation, for example ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study + A multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation, for example ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study @@ -3974,10 +3974,10 @@ - A multiple ion sequential irradiation study involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation such as ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 - multiple ion sequential irradiation study + A multiple ion sequential irradiation study involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation such as ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 + multiple ion sequential irradiation study @@ -3986,14 +3986,14 @@ - ALARA - One of the measures to ensure ALARA is to minimize the time spent working around radioactive materials. - A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expen - Jack Miller - ALARA - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable + ALARA + One of the measures to ensure ALARA is to minimize the time spent working around radioactive materials. + A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expen + Jack Miller + ALARA + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + ALARA + as low as reasonably achievable @@ -4002,11 +4002,11 @@ - Attenuation in concrete or leadshielding is a common method of radiation protection on Earth, but is impractical in space due to mass constraints. - The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - radiation attenuation + Attenuation in concrete or leadshielding is a common method of radiation protection on Earth, but is impractical in space due to mass constraints. + The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + radiation attenuation @@ -4015,11 +4015,11 @@ - Biodosimetry was used to measure the exposure of some victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. - Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - biodosimetry + Biodosimetry was used to measure the exposure of some victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. + Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + biodosimetry @@ -4028,11 +4028,11 @@ - The bystander effect can be studied by identifying cells that were traversed by a charged particle. - The term used to describe the effects on cells in proximity to irradiated cells, but through which radiation has not passed. In experimental radiation biology, the bystander effect can be investigated by targeting individual cells, or by using doses low enough that the probability for a given cell to be hit by a particle is less than one. - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - bystander effect + The bystander effect can be studied by identifying cells that were traversed by a charged particle. + The term used to describe the effects on cells in proximity to irradiated cells, but through which radiation has not passed. In experimental radiation biology, the bystander effect can be investigated by targeting individual cells, or by using doses low enough that the probability for a given cell to be hit by a particle is less than one. + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + bystander effect @@ -4041,13 +4041,13 @@ - Delta ray energies increase with the velocity of the incident particle. - Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a - Jack Miller - delta electron - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - delta electron - delta ray + Delta ray energies increase with the velocity of the incident particle. + Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a + Jack Miller + delta electron + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + delta electron + delta ray @@ -4056,11 +4056,11 @@ - The average annual dose equivalent for crew members on the ISS is approximately 300 mSv. - The product of the absorbed dose (D) at a point and the quality factor (Q) at that point for the radiation type (i.e., H = DQ). The unit of H is J-kg^[-1] with the special name sievert (Sv) - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - dose equivalent + The average annual dose equivalent for crew members on the ISS is approximately 300 mSv. + The product of the absorbed dose (D) at a point and the quality factor (Q) at that point for the radiation type (i.e., H = DQ). The unit of H is J-kg^[-1] with the special name sievert (Sv) + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + dose equivalent @@ -4069,10 +4069,10 @@ - The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - excess lifetime risk of cancer + The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + excess lifetime risk of cancer @@ -4081,11 +4081,11 @@ - The sample was irradiated with fast neutrons. - Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV) - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - fast neutron + The sample was irradiated with fast neutrons. + Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV) + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + fast neutron @@ -4094,11 +4094,11 @@ - The value of the fluence was approximately 1 particle per cm2. - The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m^2 or cm^2) (i.e., particles-m^[-2] or particles-cm^[-2]). - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - fluence + The value of the fluence was approximately 1 particle per cm2. + The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m^2 or cm^2) (i.e., particles-m^[-2] or particles-cm^[-2]). + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + fluence @@ -4107,11 +4107,11 @@ - The flux of cosmic ray muons per cm2 at the surface of the Earth is approximately 1.0. - The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s^[-1].) - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - flux + The flux of cosmic ray muons per cm2 at the surface of the Earth is approximately 1.0. + The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s^[-1].) + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + flux @@ -4121,10 +4121,10 @@ - An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, containing 2 or more protons. Nuclei containing between 2 protons (helium) and 6 protons (carbon) are sometimes referred to as light ions. - Jack Miller - In RBO--needs def from NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - heavy ion + An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, containing 2 or more protons. Nuclei containing between 2 protons (helium) and 6 protons (carbon) are sometimes referred to as light ions. + Jack Miller + In RBO--needs def from NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + heavy ion @@ -4133,13 +4133,13 @@ - Biological effects are a function of LET. - The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon in any medium per unit path length. - Jack Miller - LET - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - LET - linear energy transfer + Biological effects are a function of LET. + The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon in any medium per unit path length. + Jack Miller + LET + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + LET + linear energy transfer @@ -4148,11 +4148,11 @@ - Radiation protection standards take into account organ dose as well as whole body dose. - The mean absorbed radiation dose in a specified tissue or organ of the human body. - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - organ dose + Radiation protection standards take into account organ dose as well as whole body dose. + The mean absorbed radiation dose in a specified tissue or organ of the human body. + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + organ dose @@ -4161,11 +4161,11 @@ - Neutrons have a high quality factor compared to photons. - Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - quality factor + Neutrons have a high quality factor compared to photons. + Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + quality factor @@ -4174,11 +4174,11 @@ - The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.) - The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der - A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s). - Jack Miller - radiation dose + The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.) + The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der + A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s). + Jack Miller + radiation dose @@ -4187,12 +4187,12 @@ - Radiation quality is often expressed in terms of the linear energy transfer of the ionising particles that deliver the absorbed dose. Rossi, Harald H. Specification of Radiation Quality. Radiation Research, vol. 10, no. 5, Radiation Research Society, 1959, pp. 522 31, https://doi.org/10.2307/3570787. But this is an over simplification. - Is a quality of radiation that reflects the fluence spectrum of charged and neutral particles within the material or medium where dose is being deposited. - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) and see https://melodi-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/02-What-is-radiation-quality-Goodhead.pdf - radiation quality - TRUE + Radiation quality is often expressed in terms of the linear energy transfer of the ionising particles that deliver the absorbed dose. Rossi, Harald H. Specification of Radiation Quality. Radiation Research, vol. 10, no. 5, Radiation Research Society, 1959, pp. 522 31, https://doi.org/10.2307/3570787. But this is an over simplification. + Is a quality of radiation that reflects the fluence spectrum of charged and neutral particles within the material or medium where dose is being deposited. + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) and see https://melodi-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/02-What-is-radiation-quality-Goodhead.pdf + radiation quality + TRUE @@ -4201,11 +4201,11 @@ - Radiation weighting factors may change as more data on biological effects are obtained. - A factor used to allow for differences in the biological effectiveness between different radiations when calculating equivalent dose (H_T) (see equivalent dose). These factors are independent of the tissue or organ irradiated. - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - radiation weighting factor + Radiation weighting factors may change as more data on biological effects are obtained. + A factor used to allow for differences in the biological effectiveness between different radiations when calculating equivalent dose (H_T) (see equivalent dose). These factors are independent of the tissue or organ irradiated. + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + radiation weighting factor @@ -4214,13 +4214,13 @@ - Neutrons have been found to have a higher RBE than electrons. - Factor used to compare the biological effectiveness of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation, determined experimentally. RBE is the ratio of the absorbed dose of a reference radiation to the absorbed dose of the radiation in question r - Jack Miller - RBE - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - RBE - relative biological effectiveness + Neutrons have been found to have a higher RBE than electrons. + Factor used to compare the biological effectiveness of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation, determined experimentally. RBE is the ratio of the absorbed dose of a reference radiation to the absorbed dose of the radiation in question r + Jack Miller + RBE + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + RBE + relative biological effectiveness @@ -4229,11 +4229,11 @@ - Tissue equivalent materials can be used to study radiation effects at depth in the human body. - Denotes a substance with absorbing and scattering properties for a given radiation that sufficiently match those of a particular biological tissue. - Jack Miller - NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) - tissue equivalence + Tissue equivalent materials can be used to study radiation effects at depth in the human body. + Denotes a substance with absorbing and scattering properties for a given radiation that sufficiently match those of a particular biological tissue. + Jack Miller + NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) + tissue equivalence @@ -4285,11 +4285,11 @@ - NSRL GCRSim - The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. - The NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation is comprised of seven different species of ion, and fourteen different energies of H and He for 33 separate beams in a single GCRSim exposure. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/GCRSim.php) - NSRL GCRSim - NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation + NSRL GCRSim + The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. + The NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation is comprised of seven different species of ion, and fourteen different energies of H and He for 33 separate beams in a single GCRSim exposure. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/GCRSim.php) + NSRL GCRSim + NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation @@ -4298,12 +4298,12 @@ - NSRL - The experiment was conducted at the NSRL - A particle accelerator beamline located at Brookhaven National Laboratory - Jack Miller - NSRL - NASA Space Radiation Laboratory + NSRL + The experiment was conducted at the NSRL + A particle accelerator beamline located at Brookhaven National Laboratory + Jack Miller + NSRL + NASA Space Radiation Laboratory @@ -4312,11 +4312,11 @@ - HIMAC - The experiment was carried out at HIMAC - A particle accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan - HIMAC; NIRS-HIMAC - Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Chiba + HIMAC + The experiment was carried out at HIMAC + A particle accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan + HIMAC; NIRS-HIMAC + Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Chiba @@ -4325,13 +4325,13 @@ - ISS - The experiment was conducted aboard the International Space Station - An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station that went operational in the year 2000. - Jack Miller - term editor - ISS - International Space Station + ISS + The experiment was conducted aboard the International Space Station + An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station that went operational in the year 2000. + Jack Miller + term editor + ISS + International Space Station @@ -4340,10 +4340,10 @@ - The experiment was conducted on the Mir space station - An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station, operational from1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. - Wikipedia - Mir + The experiment was conducted on the Mir space station + An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station, operational from1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. + Wikipedia + Mir @@ -4352,10 +4352,10 @@ - The biological payload was carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle - An instance of a reusable spacecraft designed to carry passengers and equipment into low Earth orbit and return to Earth. Operated by the United States and operational from 1981 to 2011. - Wikipedia - Space Shuttle + The biological payload was carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle + An instance of a reusable spacecraft designed to carry passengers and equipment into low Earth orbit and return to Earth. Operated by the United States and operational from 1981 to 2011. + Wikipedia + Space Shuttle @@ -4364,11 +4364,11 @@ - The experiment was conducted aboard the Bion-MI satellite. - An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched April 19, 2013 and returned to Earth May 19, 2013 - Jack Miller - Wikipedia - Bion-M1 + The experiment was conducted aboard the Bion-MI satellite. + An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched April 19, 2013 and returned to Earth May 19, 2013 + Jack Miller + Wikipedia + Bion-M1 @@ -4377,10 +4377,10 @@ - The samples were flown on the Foton-M4 satellite - An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched July 19, 2014 and returned to Earth September 1, 2014 - Wikipedia - Foton-M4 + The samples were flown on the Foton-M4 satellite + An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched July 19, 2014 and returned to Earth September 1, 2014 + Wikipedia + Foton-M4 @@ -4389,10 +4389,10 @@ - The experiment was conducted on the Shenzhou-8 space station - An instance of a Chinese-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched October 31, 2011 and returned to Earth November 17, 2011. - Wikipedia - Shenzhou-8 + The experiment was conducted on the Shenzhou-8 space station + An instance of a Chinese-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched October 31, 2011 and returned to Earth November 17, 2011. + Wikipedia + Shenzhou-8 @@ -4401,12 +4401,12 @@ - US Lab - The experiment was conducted in the US Laboratory on the ISS - An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the United States - Wikipedia - Destiny|US Lab - ISS-US Laboratory + US Lab + The experiment was conducted in the US Laboratory on the ISS + An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the United States + Wikipedia + Destiny|US Lab + ISS-US Laboratory @@ -4415,12 +4415,12 @@ - JEM - The experiment was conducted on the Japanese Experiment Module - A Japanese science module for the International Space Station developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. - Wikipedia - JEM|Kibo - ISS-Japanese Experiment Module + JEM + The experiment was conducted on the Japanese Experiment Module + A Japanese science module for the International Space Station developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. + Wikipedia + JEM|Kibo + ISS-Japanese Experiment Module @@ -4429,12 +4429,12 @@ - Columbus - The experiment was conducted on the Columbus module on the ISS - An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the European Space Agency. - Wikipedia - Columbus laboratory - ISS-Columbus + Columbus + The experiment was conducted on the Columbus module on the ISS + An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the European Space Agency. + Wikipedia + Columbus laboratory + ISS-Columbus @@ -4443,12 +4443,12 @@ - Zvezda - The experiment was conducted in the Zvezda module of the ISS. - An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the Russian Space Agency. - Wikipedia - Russian Service Module - ISS-Zvezda + Zvezda + The experiment was conducted in the Zvezda module of the ISS. + An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the Russian Space Agency. + Wikipedia + Russian Service Module + ISS-Zvezda @@ -4457,9 +4457,9 @@ - The experiment was carried out at the SIS-18 accelerator. - An particle accelerator located at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germay. - SIS18 + The experiment was carried out at the SIS-18 accelerator. + An particle accelerator located at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germay. + SIS18 @@ -4468,11 +4468,11 @@ - NSRL SPESim - The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation. - The NSRL SPE simulatoris based on the fluence of the August 1972 event, with an energy spectrum similar to the March 1989 event. The majority of the protons are at very low energies, below 1 MeV, and pose little to no risk to astronauts in a space craft or space suit. The SPESim begins with 50 MeV protons, which amounts to 91.66% of the total dose. Then the beam energy increments in steps of 10 MeV up to 150 MeV where 0.14% of the total dose is delivered. - NSRL SPESim - NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation + NSRL SPESim + The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation. + The NSRL SPE simulatoris based on the fluence of the August 1972 event, with an energy spectrum similar to the March 1989 event. The majority of the protons are at very low energies, below 1 MeV, and pose little to no risk to astronauts in a space craft or space suit. The SPESim begins with 50 MeV protons, which amounts to 91.66% of the total dose. Then the beam energy increments in steps of 10 MeV up to 150 MeV where 0.14% of the total dose is delivered. + NSRL SPESim + NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation @@ -4481,11 +4481,11 @@ - NSRL SimGCRSim - The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. - The NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation uses 6 beams and 5 different ions including protons at two different energies. https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/SimGCRSim.php - NSRL SimGCRSim - NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation + NSRL SimGCRSim + The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. + The NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation uses 6 beams and 5 different ions including protons at two different energies. https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/SimGCRSim.php + NSRL SimGCRSim + NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation @@ -4494,11 +4494,11 @@ - KUR-HWNIF - The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at the KUR-HWNIF - A heavy water tank of approximately 2 m3 adjacent to the core of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR), a light-water moderated tank-type reactor. - KUR-HWNIF - Kyoto University Research Reactor-Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility + KUR-HWNIF + The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at the KUR-HWNIF + A heavy water tank of approximately 2 m3 adjacent to the core of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR), a light-water moderated tank-type reactor. + KUR-HWNIF + Kyoto University Research Reactor-Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility @@ -4507,11 +4507,11 @@ - HIRRAC - The samples were irradiated with fast neutrons at the HIRRAC. - A neutron generator at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University (RIRBM). Monoenergetic neutrons of which energy is less than 1.3 MeV are generated by the 7Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at proton energies up to 3 MeV. - HIRRAC - Hiroshima University Radiobiological Research Accelerator + HIRRAC + The samples were irradiated with fast neutrons at the HIRRAC. + A neutron generator at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University (RIRBM). Monoenergetic neutrons of which energy is less than 1.3 MeV are generated by the 7Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at proton energies up to 3 MeV. + HIRRAC + Hiroshima University Radiobiological Research Accelerator @@ -4520,11 +4520,11 @@ - BNL GRSF - The Gamma Radiation Facility known as GRSF houses a cesium-137 gamma ray source which can provide gamma rays at a variety of dose rates. The gamma source is an industry standar dJ.L. Shepherd Mark I Model 68A 137Cs ? Irradiator. The photon energy from the source is 662 keV, with a Lineal Energy Transfer (LET) in water of approximately 0.8 keV/um. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/grsf/) - Jack Miller - BNL GRSF - Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Radiation Source Facility + BNL GRSF + The Gamma Radiation Facility known as GRSF houses a cesium-137 gamma ray source which can provide gamma rays at a variety of dose rates. The gamma source is an industry standar dJ.L. Shepherd Mark I Model 68A 137Cs ? Irradiator. The photon energy from the source is 662 keV, with a Lineal Energy Transfer (LET) in water of approximately 0.8 keV/um. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/grsf/) + Jack Miller + BNL GRSF + Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Radiation Source Facility @@ -4533,8 +4533,8 @@ - http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf - Gammacell 40 + http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf + Gammacell 40 @@ -4543,8 +4543,8 @@ - https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility - RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam + https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility + RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam @@ -4553,8 +4553,8 @@ - https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights - Swift HALE + https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights + Swift HALE @@ -4563,8 +4563,8 @@ - https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html - ER-2 + https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html + ER-2 @@ -4573,8 +4573,8 @@ - https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC - WB-57 + https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC + WB-57 @@ -4583,8 +4583,8 @@ - doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 - Faxitron CP160 + doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 + Faxitron CP160 @@ -4593,12 +4593,12 @@ - https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ - X-Rad320 + https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ + X-Rad320 - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/bfo_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/bfo_import.owl index 17122c2..6718d52 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/bfo_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/bfo_import.owl @@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" + xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> - + - 2022-10-05 + 2024-02-06 @@ -124,12 +125,36 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/chebi_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/chebi_import.owl index ccf6460..c240cec 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/chebi_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/chebi_import.owl @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ xmlns:chebi="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - 2023-09-05 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ - definition + definition @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ - database_cross_reference + database_cross_reference @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ - has_exact_synonym + has_exact_synonym @@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ - BFO:0000051 - chebi_ontology - has_part + BFO:0000051 + chebi_ontology + has_part false - has_part - has part + has_part + has part @@ -181,13 +181,13 @@ - RO:0000087 - chebi_ontology - has_role + RO:0000087 + chebi_ontology + has_role false false - has_role - has role + has_role + has role @@ -195,11 +195,11 @@ - chebi_ontology - has_parent_hydride + chebi_ontology + has_parent_hydride false false - has parent hydride + has parent hydride @@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ - chebi_ontology - is_conjugate_acid_of + chebi_ontology + is_conjugate_acid_of true false - is conjugate acid of + is conjugate acid of @@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ - chebi_ontology - is_conjugate_base_of + chebi_ontology + is_conjugate_base_of true false - is conjugate base of + is conjugate base of @@ -232,11 +232,11 @@ - chebi_ontology - is_substituent_group_from + chebi_ontology + is_substituent_group_from false false - is substituent group from + is substituent group from @@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - is_tautomer_of + chebi_ontology + is_tautomer_of true - is tautomer of + is tautomer of @@ -267,99 +267,100 @@ - Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. - -1 - 0.000548579903 - 0.0 - KEGG:C05359 - PMID:21614077 - Wikipedia:Electron - electron - chebi_ontology - Elektron - beta - beta(-) - beta-particle - e - e(-) - e- - negatron - CHEBI:10545 - - electron + + Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. + -1 + 0.000548579903 + 0.0 + KEGG:C05359 + PMID:21614077 + Wikipedia:Electron + electron + chebi_ontology + Elektron + beta + beta(-) + beta-particle + e + e(-) + e- + negatron + CHEBI:10545 + + electron - PMID:21614077 - Europe PMC + PMID:21614077 + Europe PMC - e(-) - UniProt + e(-) + UniProt - e- - KEGG_COMPOUND + e- + KEGG_COMPOUND - negatron - IUPAC + negatron + IUPAC - electron - ChEBI + electron + ChEBI - electron - IUPAC + electron + IUPAC - electron - KEGG_COMPOUND + electron + KEGG_COMPOUND - Elektron - ChEBI + Elektron + ChEBI - beta - IUPAC + beta + IUPAC - beta(-) - ChEBI + beta(-) + ChEBI - beta-particle - IUPAC + beta-particle + IUPAC - e - IUPAC + e + IUPAC @@ -368,33 +369,33 @@ - Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). - Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas - chebi_ontology - gas molecular entities - gaseous molecular entities - gaseous molecular entity - CHEBI:138675 + Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). + Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas + chebi_ontology + gas molecular entities + gaseous molecular entities + gaseous molecular entity + CHEBI:138675 - gas molecular entity + gas molecular entity - gas molecular entities - ChEBI + gas molecular entities + ChEBI - gaseous molecular entities - ChEBI + gaseous molecular entities + ChEBI - gaseous molecular entity - ChEBI + gaseous molecular entity + ChEBI @@ -409,80 +410,80 @@ - -1 - CH2NO2 - InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 - KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M - 60.03212 - 60.00910 - NC([O-])=O - Beilstein:3903503 - CAS:302-11-4 - Gmelin:239604 - carbamate - chebi_ontology - Carbamat - Karbamat - carbamate ion - carbamic acid, ion(1-) - CHEBI:13941 - - carbamate + -1 + CH2NO2 + InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 + KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 60.03212 + 60.00910 + NC([O-])=O + Beilstein:3903503 + CAS:302-11-4 + Gmelin:239604 + carbamate + chebi_ontology + Carbamat + Karbamat + carbamate ion + carbamic acid, ion(1-) + CHEBI:13941 + + carbamate - Beilstein:3903503 - Beilstein + Beilstein:3903503 + Beilstein - CAS:302-11-4 - ChemIDplus + CAS:302-11-4 + ChemIDplus - Gmelin:239604 - Gmelin + Gmelin:239604 + Gmelin - carbamate - IUPAC + carbamate + IUPAC - carbamate - UniProt + carbamate + UniProt - Carbamat - ChEBI + Carbamat + ChEBI - Karbamat - ChEBI + Karbamat + ChEBI - carbamate ion - ChemIDplus + carbamate ion + ChemIDplus - carbamic acid, ion(1-) - ChemIDplus + carbamic acid, ion(1-) + ChemIDplus @@ -491,57 +492,57 @@ - A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. - CHEBI:13699 - CHEBI:2377 - KEGG:C00028 - KEGG:C16722 - Acceptor - chebi_ontology - A - Akzeptor - Hydrogen-acceptor - Oxidized donor - accepteur - CHEBI:15339 - - acceptor + A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. + CHEBI:13699 + CHEBI:2377 + KEGG:C00028 + KEGG:C16722 + Acceptor + chebi_ontology + A + Akzeptor + Hydrogen-acceptor + Oxidized donor + accepteur + CHEBI:15339 + + acceptor - Acceptor - KEGG_COMPOUND + Acceptor + KEGG_COMPOUND - A - KEGG_COMPOUND + A + KEGG_COMPOUND - Akzeptor - ChEBI + Akzeptor + ChEBI - Hydrogen-acceptor - KEGG_COMPOUND + Hydrogen-acceptor + KEGG_COMPOUND - Oxidized donor - KEGG_COMPOUND + Oxidized donor + KEGG_COMPOUND - accepteur - ChEBI + accepteur + ChEBI @@ -549,61 +550,63 @@ + - The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). - +1 - H - InChI=1S/p+1 - GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 1.00794 - 1.008 - [H+] - CHEBI:10744 - CHEBI:13357 - CHEBI:5584 - KEGG:C00080 - Hydron - hydrogen(1+) - hydron - chebi_ontology - H(+) - H+ - CHEBI:15378 - - hydron + + The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). + +1 + H + InChI=1S/p+1 + GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 1.00794 + 1.008 + [H+] + CHEBI:10744 + CHEBI:13357 + CHEBI:5584 + KEGG:C00080 + Hydron + hydrogen(1+) + hydron + chebi_ontology + H(+) + H+ + CHEBI:15378 + + hydron - Hydron - KEGG_COMPOUND + Hydron + KEGG_COMPOUND - hydrogen(1+) - IUPAC + hydrogen(1+) + IUPAC - hydron - IUPAC + hydron + IUPAC - H(+) - UniProt + H(+) + UniProt - H+ - KEGG_COMPOUND + H+ + KEGG_COMPOUND @@ -613,44 +616,44 @@ - A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. - C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n - CHEBI:14860 - CHEBI:8314 - KEGG:C00403 - Polypeptide - polypeptides - chebi_ontology - Polypeptid - polipeptido - CHEBI:15841 + A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. + C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n + CHEBI:14860 + CHEBI:8314 + KEGG:C00403 + Polypeptide + polypeptides + chebi_ontology + Polypeptid + polipeptido + CHEBI:15841 - polypeptide + polypeptide - Polypeptide - KEGG_COMPOUND + Polypeptide + KEGG_COMPOUND - polypeptides - IUPAC + polypeptides + IUPAC - Polypeptid - ChEBI + Polypeptid + ChEBI - polipeptido - ChEBI + polipeptido + ChEBI @@ -661,6 +664,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -709,418 +718,418 @@ - An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. - 0 - H3N - InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 - QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 17.03056 - 17.02655 - [H]N([H])[H] - CHEBI:13405 - CHEBI:13406 - CHEBI:13407 - CHEBI:13771 - CHEBI:22533 - CHEBI:44269 - CHEBI:44284 - CHEBI:44404 - CHEBI:7434 - Beilstein:3587154 - CAS:7664-41-7 - Drug_Central:4625 - Gmelin:79 - HMDB:HMDB0000051 - KEGG:C00014 - KEGG:D02916 - KNApSAcK:C00007267 - MetaCyc:AMMONIA - MolBase:930 - PDBeChem:NH3 - PMID:110589 - PMID:11139349 - PMID:11540049 - PMID:11746427 - PMID:11783653 - PMID:13753780 - PMID:14663195 - PMID:15092448 - PMID:15094021 - PMID:15554424 - PMID:15969015 - PMID:16008360 - PMID:16050680 - PMID:16348008 - PMID:16349403 - PMID:16614889 - PMID:16664306 - PMID:16842901 - PMID:17025297 - PMID:17439666 - PMID:17569513 - PMID:17737668 - PMID:18670398 - PMID:22002069 - PMID:22081570 - PMID:22088435 - PMID:22100291 - PMID:22130175 - PMID:22150211 - PMID:22240068 - PMID:22290316 - PMID:22342082 - PMID:22385337 - PMID:22443779 - PMID:22560242 - Reaxys:3587154 - Wikipedia:Ammonia - AMMONIA - Ammonia - ammonia - azane - chebi_ontology - Ammoniak - NH3 - R-717 - [NH3] - ammoniac - amoniaco - spirit of hartshorn - CHEBI:16134 - - ammonia + An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. + 0 + H3N + InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 + QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 17.03056 + 17.02655 + [H]N([H])[H] + CHEBI:13405 + CHEBI:13406 + CHEBI:13407 + CHEBI:13771 + CHEBI:22533 + CHEBI:44269 + CHEBI:44284 + CHEBI:44404 + CHEBI:7434 + Beilstein:3587154 + CAS:7664-41-7 + Drug_Central:4625 + Gmelin:79 + HMDB:HMDB0000051 + KEGG:C00014 + KEGG:D02916 + KNApSAcK:C00007267 + MetaCyc:AMMONIA + MolBase:930 + PDBeChem:NH3 + PMID:110589 + PMID:11139349 + PMID:11540049 + PMID:11746427 + PMID:11783653 + PMID:13753780 + PMID:14663195 + PMID:15092448 + PMID:15094021 + PMID:15554424 + PMID:15969015 + PMID:16008360 + PMID:16050680 + PMID:16348008 + PMID:16349403 + PMID:16614889 + PMID:16664306 + PMID:16842901 + PMID:17025297 + PMID:17439666 + PMID:17569513 + PMID:17737668 + PMID:18670398 + PMID:22002069 + PMID:22081570 + PMID:22088435 + PMID:22100291 + PMID:22130175 + PMID:22150211 + PMID:22240068 + PMID:22290316 + PMID:22342082 + PMID:22385337 + PMID:22443779 + PMID:22560242 + Reaxys:3587154 + Wikipedia:Ammonia + AMMONIA + Ammonia + ammonia + azane + chebi_ontology + Ammoniak + NH3 + R-717 + [NH3] + ammoniac + amoniaco + spirit of hartshorn + CHEBI:16134 + + ammonia - [NH3] - MolBase + R-717 + ChEBI - ammoniac - ChEBI + [NH3] + MolBase - amoniaco - ChEBI + ammoniac + ChEBI - spirit of hartshorn - ChemIDplus + amoniaco + ChEBI - - Beilstein:3587154 - Beilstein + + spirit of hartshorn + ChemIDplus - CAS:7664-41-7 - ChemIDplus + Beilstein:3587154 + Beilstein - CAS:7664-41-7 - KEGG COMPOUND + CAS:7664-41-7 + ChemIDplus - CAS:7664-41-7 - NIST Chemistry WebBook + CAS:7664-41-7 + KEGG COMPOUND - Drug_Central:4625 - DrugCentral + CAS:7664-41-7 + NIST Chemistry WebBook - Gmelin:79 - Gmelin + Drug_Central:4625 + DrugCentral - PMID:110589 - Europe PMC + Gmelin:79 + Gmelin - PMID:11139349 - Europe PMC + PMID:110589 + Europe PMC - PMID:11540049 - Europe PMC + PMID:11139349 + Europe PMC - PMID:11746427 - Europe PMC + PMID:11540049 + Europe PMC - PMID:11783653 - Europe PMC + PMID:11746427 + Europe PMC - PMID:13753780 - Europe PMC + PMID:11783653 + Europe PMC - PMID:14663195 - Europe PMC + PMID:13753780 + Europe PMC - PMID:15092448 - Europe PMC + PMID:14663195 + Europe PMC - PMID:15094021 - Europe PMC + PMID:15092448 + Europe PMC - PMID:15554424 - Europe PMC + PMID:15094021 + Europe PMC - PMID:15969015 - Europe PMC + PMID:15554424 + Europe PMC - PMID:16008360 - Europe PMC + PMID:15969015 + Europe PMC - PMID:16050680 - Europe PMC + PMID:16008360 + Europe PMC - PMID:16348008 - Europe PMC + PMID:16050680 + Europe PMC - PMID:16349403 - Europe PMC + PMID:16348008 + Europe PMC - PMID:16614889 - Europe PMC + PMID:16349403 + Europe PMC - PMID:16664306 - Europe PMC + PMID:16614889 + Europe PMC - PMID:16842901 - Europe PMC + PMID:16664306 + Europe PMC - PMID:17025297 - Europe PMC + PMID:16842901 + Europe PMC - PMID:17439666 - Europe PMC + PMID:17025297 + Europe PMC - PMID:17569513 - Europe PMC + PMID:17439666 + Europe PMC - PMID:17737668 - Europe PMC + PMID:17569513 + Europe PMC - PMID:18670398 - Europe PMC + PMID:17737668 + Europe PMC - PMID:22002069 - Europe PMC + PMID:18670398 + Europe PMC - PMID:22081570 - Europe PMC + PMID:22002069 + Europe PMC - PMID:22088435 - Europe PMC + PMID:22081570 + Europe PMC - PMID:22100291 - Europe PMC + PMID:22088435 + Europe PMC - PMID:22130175 - Europe PMC + PMID:22100291 + Europe PMC - PMID:22150211 - Europe PMC + PMID:22130175 + Europe PMC - PMID:22240068 - Europe PMC + PMID:22150211 + Europe PMC - PMID:22290316 - Europe PMC + PMID:22240068 + Europe PMC - PMID:22342082 - Europe PMC + PMID:22290316 + Europe PMC - PMID:22385337 - Europe PMC + PMID:22342082 + Europe PMC - PMID:22443779 - Europe PMC + PMID:22385337 + Europe PMC - PMID:22560242 - Europe PMC + PMID:22443779 + Europe PMC - Reaxys:3587154 - Reaxys + PMID:22560242 + Europe PMC - - AMMONIA - PDBeChem + + Reaxys:3587154 + Reaxys - Ammonia - KEGG_COMPOUND + AMMONIA + PDBeChem - ammonia - IUPAC - + Ammonia + KEGG_COMPOUND - azane - IUPAC + ammonia + IUPAC - - Ammoniak - ChemIDplus + + azane + IUPAC + - NH3 - IUPAC + Ammoniak + ChemIDplus - NH3 - KEGG_COMPOUND + NH3 + IUPAC - NH3 - UniProt + NH3 + KEGG_COMPOUND - R-717 - ChEBI + NH3 + UniProt @@ -1135,41 +1144,41 @@ - A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. - CHEBI:8526 - KEGG:C00017 - chebi_ontology - Protein - a protein - polypeptide chain - protein polypeptide chains - CHEBI:16541 + A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. + CHEBI:8526 + KEGG:C00017 + chebi_ontology + Protein + a protein + polypeptide chain + protein polypeptide chains + CHEBI:16541 - protein polypeptide chain + protein polypeptide chain - Protein - KEGG_COMPOUND + Protein + KEGG_COMPOUND - a protein - UniProt + a protein + UniProt - polypeptide chain - ChEBI + polypeptide chain + ChEBI - protein polypeptide chains - ChEBI + protein polypeptide chains + ChEBI @@ -1191,53 +1200,53 @@ - Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. - 0 - (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR - CHEBI:14753 - CHEBI:25906 - CHEBI:7990 - KEGG:C00012 - Peptide - peptides - chebi_ontology - Peptid - peptido - peptidos - CHEBI:16670 - - peptide + Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. + 0 + (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR + CHEBI:14753 + CHEBI:25906 + CHEBI:7990 + KEGG:C00012 + Peptide + peptides + chebi_ontology + Peptid + peptido + peptidos + CHEBI:16670 + + peptide - Peptide - KEGG_COMPOUND + Peptide + KEGG_COMPOUND - peptides - IUPAC + peptides + IUPAC - Peptid - ChEBI + Peptid + ChEBI - peptido - ChEBI + peptido + ChEBI - peptidos - ChEBI + peptidos + ChEBI @@ -1246,35 +1255,35 @@ - A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. - CHEBI:14202 - CHEBI:4697 - KEGG:C01351 - Donor - chebi_ontology - Donator - donneur - CHEBI:17891 + A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. + CHEBI:14202 + CHEBI:4697 + KEGG:C01351 + Donor + chebi_ontology + Donator + donneur + CHEBI:17891 - donor + donor - Donor - KEGG_COMPOUND + Donor + KEGG_COMPOUND - Donator - ChEBI + Donator + ChEBI - donneur - ChEBI + donneur + ChEBI @@ -1283,47 +1292,102 @@ - An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. - acyl group - alkanoyl - chebi_ontology - acyl groups - alkanoyl group - groupe acyle - CHEBI:22221 + An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. + acyl group + alkanoyl + chebi_ontology + acyl groups + alkanoyl group + groupe acyle + CHEBI:22221 - acyl group + acyl group - acyl group - IUPAC + acyl group + IUPAC - alkanoyl - IUPAC + alkanoyl + IUPAC - acyl groups - ChEBI + acyl groups + ChEBI - alkanoyl group - ChEBI + alkanoyl group + ChEBI - groupe acyle - IUPAC + groupe acyle + IUPAC + + + + + + + + + A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. + Anion + anion + chebi_ontology + Anionen + aniones + anions + CHEBI:22563 + + anion + + + + + Anion + ChEBI + + + + + anion + ChEBI + + + + + anion + IUPAC + + + + + + Anionen + ChEBI + + + + + aniones + ChEBI + + + + + anions + IUPAC @@ -1332,68 +1396,131 @@ - A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). - KEGG:C00701 - Base - base - chebi_ontology - Base1 - Base2 - Basen - Nucleobase - bases - CHEBI:22695 + A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). + KEGG:C00701 + Base + base + chebi_ontology + Base1 + Base2 + Basen + Nucleobase + bases + CHEBI:22695 - base + base - Base - ChEBI + Base + ChEBI - base - ChEBI + base + ChEBI - base - IUPAC + base + IUPAC - Base1 - KEGG_COMPOUND + Base1 + KEGG_COMPOUND - Base2 - KEGG_COMPOUND + Base2 + KEGG_COMPOUND - Basen - ChEBI + Basen + ChEBI - Nucleobase - KEGG_COMPOUND + Nucleobase + KEGG_COMPOUND - bases - ChEBI + bases + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + Any compound that produces a peak used to reference an NMR spectrum during data pre-processing. + chebi_ontology + NMR chemical shift reference compounds + NMR chemical shift standard + NMR chemical shift standards + NMR internal standard + NMR internal standards + NMR reference standard + NMR reference standards + CHEBI:228364 + + NMR chemical shift reference compound + + + + + NMR chemical shift reference compounds + ChEBI + + + + + NMR chemical shift standard + ChEBI + + + + + NMR chemical shift standards + ChEBI + + + + + NMR internal standard + ChEBI + + + + + NMR internal standards + ChEBI + + + + + NMR reference standard + ChEBI + + + + + NMR reference standards + ChEBI @@ -1408,73 +1535,73 @@ - The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. - 0 - CH2NO - 44.03272 - 44.01364 - *C(N)=O - PMID:24168430 - carbamoyl - chebi_ontology - -C(O)NH2 - -CONH2 - aminocarbonyl - carbamyl - carbamyl group - carboxamide - CHEBI:23004 - - carbamoyl group + The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. + 0 + CH2NO + 44.03272 + 44.01364 + *C(N)=O + PMID:24168430 + carbamoyl + chebi_ontology + -C(O)NH2 + -CONH2 + aminocarbonyl + carbamyl + carbamyl group + carboxamide + CHEBI:23004 + + carbamoyl group - PMID:24168430 - Europe PMC + PMID:24168430 + Europe PMC - carbamoyl - IUPAC + carbamoyl + IUPAC - -C(O)NH2 - ChEBI + -C(O)NH2 + ChEBI - -CONH2 - IUPAC + -CONH2 + IUPAC - aminocarbonyl - IUPAC + aminocarbonyl + IUPAC - carbamyl - ChEBI + carbamyl + ChEBI - carbamyl group - ChEBI + carbamyl group + ChEBI - carboxamide - IUPAC + carboxamide + IUPAC @@ -1483,43 +1610,43 @@ - 0 - CO - 28.01010 - 27.99491 - O=C(*)* - carbonyl - carbonyl group - chebi_ontology - >C=O - CHEBI:23019 + 0 + CO + 28.01010 + 27.99491 + O=C(*)* + carbonyl + carbonyl group + chebi_ontology + >C=O + CHEBI:23019 - carbonyl group + carbonyl group - carbonyl - IUPAC + carbonyl + IUPAC - carbonyl group - ChEBI + carbonyl group + ChEBI - carbonyl group - UniProt + carbonyl group + UniProt - >C=O - IUPAC + >C=O + IUPAC @@ -1528,28 +1655,104 @@ - An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). - Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) - cofactor - cofactors - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:23357 + An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). + Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) + cofactor + cofactors + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:23357 - cofactor + cofactor - cofactor - IUPAC + cofactor + IUPAC - cofactors - IUPAC + cofactors + IUPAC + + + + + + + + + + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. + molecular entity + chebi_ontology + entidad molecular + entidades moleculares + entite moleculaire + molecular entities + molekulare Entitaet + CHEBI:23367 + + molecular entity + + + + + molecular entity + IUPAC + + + + entidad molecular + IUPAC + + + + + entidades moleculares + IUPAC + + + + + entite moleculaire + IUPAC + + + + + molecular entities + IUPAC + + + + + molekulare Entitaet + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + monoatomic cations + CHEBI:23906 + + monoatomic cation + + + + + monoatomic cations + ChEBI + @@ -1558,54 +1761,73 @@ - A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. - enzyme inhibitor - chebi_ontology - enzyme inhibitors - inhibidor enzimatico - inhibidores enzimaticos - inhibiteur enzymatique - inhibiteurs enzymatiques - CHEBI:23924 + A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. + enzyme inhibitor + chebi_ontology + enzyme inhibitors + inhibidor enzimatico + inhibidores enzimaticos + inhibiteur enzymatique + inhibiteurs enzymatiques + CHEBI:23924 - enzyme inhibitor + enzyme inhibitor - enzyme inhibitor - IUPAC + enzyme inhibitor + IUPAC - enzyme inhibitors - ChEBI + enzyme inhibitors + ChEBI - inhibidor enzimatico - ChEBI + inhibidor enzimatico + ChEBI - inhibidores enzimaticos - ChEBI + inhibidores enzimaticos + ChEBI - inhibiteur enzymatique - ChEBI + inhibiteur enzymatique + ChEBI - inhibiteurs enzymatiques - ChEBI + inhibiteurs enzymatiques + ChEBI + + + + + + + + A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. + chemical entity + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24431 + + chemical entity + + + + + chemical entity + UniProt @@ -1614,18 +1836,18 @@ - A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. - chebi_ontology - biological function - CHEBI:24432 + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. + chebi_ontology + biological function + CHEBI:24432 - biological role + biological role - biological function - ChEBI + biological function + ChEBI @@ -1633,60 +1855,61 @@ + - A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. - group - chebi_ontology - Gruppe - Rest - groupe - grupo - grupos - CHEBI:24433 + A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. + group + chebi_ontology + Gruppe + Rest + groupe + grupo + grupos + CHEBI:24433 - group + group - group - IUPAC + group + IUPAC - Gruppe - ChEBI + Gruppe + ChEBI - Rest - ChEBI + Rest + ChEBI - groupe - IUPAC + groupe + IUPAC - grupo - IUPAC + grupo + IUPAC - grupos - IUPAC + grupos + IUPAC @@ -1696,82 +1919,82 @@ - Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. - +1 - [1H] - InChI=1S/p+1/i/hH - GPRLSGONYQIRFK-FTGQXOHASA-N - 1.007 - 1.00728 - [1H+] - CAS:12408-02-5 - KEGG:C00080 - protium(1+) - proton - chebi_ontology - (1)1H(+) - (1)H(+) - p - p(+) - CHEBI:24636 - - proton + Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. + +1 + [1H] + InChI=1S/p+1/i/hH + GPRLSGONYQIRFK-FTGQXOHASA-N + 1.007 + 1.00728 + [1H+] + CAS:12408-02-5 + KEGG:C00080 + protium(1+) + proton + chebi_ontology + (1)1H(+) + (1)H(+) + p + p(+) + CHEBI:24636 + + proton - CAS:12408-02-5 - ChemIDplus + CAS:12408-02-5 + ChemIDplus - CAS:12408-02-5 - NIST Chemistry WebBook + CAS:12408-02-5 + NIST Chemistry WebBook - protium(1+) - IUPAC + protium(1+) + IUPAC - proton - ChEBI + proton + ChEBI - proton - IUPAC + proton + IUPAC - (1)1H(+) - IUPAC + (1)1H(+) + IUPAC - (1)H(+) - IUPAC + (1)H(+) + IUPAC - p - IUPAC + p + IUPAC - p(+) - IUPAC + p(+) + IUPAC @@ -1788,11 +2011,11 @@ - Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:24651 + Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24651 - hydroxides + hydroxides @@ -1807,62 +2030,205 @@ - A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). - oxoacid - oxoacids - chebi_ontology - oxacids - oxiacids - oxo acid - oxy-acids - oxyacids - CHEBI:24833 + A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). + oxoacid + oxoacids + chebi_ontology + oxacids + oxiacids + oxo acid + oxy-acids + oxyacids + CHEBI:24833 - oxoacid + oxoacid - oxoacid - IUPAC + oxoacid + IUPAC - oxoacids - IUPAC + oxoacids + IUPAC - oxacids - ChEBI + oxacids + ChEBI - oxiacids - ChEBI + oxiacids + ChEBI - oxo acid - ChEBI + oxo acid + ChEBI - oxy-acids - ChEBI + oxy-acids + ChEBI - oxyacids - ChEBI + oxyacids + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic anions + CHEBI:24834 + + inorganic anion + + + + + inorganic anions + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A molecular entity that contains no carbon. + chebi_ontology + anorganische Verbindungen + inorganic compounds + inorganic entity + inorganic molecular entities + inorganics + CHEBI:24835 + + inorganic molecular entity + + + + + anorganische Verbindungen + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic entity + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + inorganics + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + monoatomic ions + CHEBI:24867 + + monoatomic ion + + + + + monoatomic ions + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A molecular entity having a net electric charge. + Ion + ion + chebi_ontology + Ionen + iones + ions + CHEBI:24870 + + ion + + + + + Ion + ChEBI + + + + + ion + ChEBI + + + + + ion + IUPAC + + + + + + Ionen + ChEBI + + + + + iones + ChEBI + + + + + ions + ChEBI @@ -1871,42 +2237,42 @@ - Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. - CHEBI:26619 - CHEBI:35220 - metabolite - chebi_ontology - metabolites - primary metabolites - secondary metabolites - CHEBI:25212 + Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. + CHEBI:26619 + CHEBI:35220 + metabolite + chebi_ontology + metabolites + primary metabolites + secondary metabolites + CHEBI:25212 - metabolite + metabolite - metabolite - IUPAC + metabolite + IUPAC - metabolites - ChEBI + metabolites + ChEBI - primary metabolites - ChEBI + primary metabolites + ChEBI - secondary metabolites - ChEBI + secondary metabolites + ChEBI @@ -1915,46 +2281,75 @@ - Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. - molecule - chebi_ontology - Molekuel - molecula - molecules - neutral molecular compounds - CHEBI:25367 + Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. + molecule + chebi_ontology + Molekuel + molecula + molecules + neutral molecular compounds + CHEBI:25367 - molecule + molecule - molecule - IUPAC + molecule + IUPAC - Molekuel - ChEBI + Molekuel + ChEBI - molecula - IUPAC + molecula + IUPAC - molecules - IUPAC + molecules + IUPAC - neutral molecular compounds - IUPAC + neutral molecular compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + + + + +1 + 0.00000 + [*+] + chebi_ontology + monoatomic monocations + monovalent inorganic cations + CHEBI:25414 + + monoatomic monocation + + + + + monoatomic monocations + ChEBI + + + + + monovalent inorganic cations + ChEBI @@ -1970,65 +2365,65 @@ - 0 - N - 14.007 - 14.00307 - WebElements:N - nitrogen - chebi_ontology - 7N - N - Stickstoff - azote - nitrogen - nitrogeno - CHEBI:25555 - - nitrogen atom + 0 + N + 14.007 + 14.00307 + WebElements:N + nitrogen + chebi_ontology + 7N + N + Stickstoff + azote + nitrogen + nitrogeno + CHEBI:25555 + + nitrogen atom - nitrogen - IUPAC + nitrogen + IUPAC - 7N - IUPAC + 7N + IUPAC - N - IUPAC + N + IUPAC - Stickstoff - ChEBI + Stickstoff + ChEBI - azote - IUPAC + azote + IUPAC - nitrogen - ChEBI + nitrogen + ChEBI - nitrogeno - ChEBI + nitrogeno + ChEBI @@ -2037,74 +2432,74 @@ - nonmetal - chebi_ontology - Nichtmetall - Nichtmetalle - no metal - no metales - non-metal - non-metaux - nonmetal - nonmetals - CHEBI:25585 + nonmetal + chebi_ontology + Nichtmetall + Nichtmetalle + no metal + no metales + non-metal + non-metaux + nonmetal + nonmetals + CHEBI:25585 - nonmetal atom + nonmetal atom - nonmetal - IUPAC + nonmetal + IUPAC - Nichtmetall - ChEBI + Nichtmetall + ChEBI - Nichtmetalle - ChEBI + Nichtmetalle + ChEBI - no metal - ChEBI + no metal + ChEBI - no metales - ChEBI + no metales + ChEBI - non-metal - ChEBI + non-metal + ChEBI - non-metaux - ChEBI + non-metaux + ChEBI - nonmetal - ChEBI + nonmetal + ChEBI - nonmetals - ChEBI + nonmetals + ChEBI @@ -2112,19 +2507,20 @@ + - Any organic ion with a net negative charge. - chebi_ontology - organic anions - CHEBI:25696 + Any organic ion with a net negative charge. + chebi_ontology + organic anions + CHEBI:25696 - organic anion + organic anion - organic anions - ChEBI + organic anions + ChEBI @@ -2132,18 +2528,19 @@ + - chebi_ontology - organic ions - CHEBI:25699 + chebi_ontology + organic ions + CHEBI:25699 - organic ion + organic ion - organic ions - ChEBI + organic ions + ChEBI @@ -2153,25 +2550,25 @@ - An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. - oxide - chebi_ontology - oxides - CHEBI:25741 + An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. + oxide + chebi_ontology + oxides + CHEBI:25741 - oxide + oxide - oxide - ChEBI + oxide + ChEBI - oxides - ChEBI + oxides + ChEBI @@ -2187,69 +2584,69 @@ - 0 - O - InChI=1S/O - QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 15.99940 - 15.99491 - [O] - KEGG:C00007 - WebElements:O - oxygen - chebi_ontology - 8O - O - Sauerstoff - oxigeno - oxygen - oxygene - CHEBI:25805 - - oxygen atom + 0 + O + InChI=1S/O + QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 15.99940 + 15.99491 + [O] + KEGG:C00007 + WebElements:O + oxygen + chebi_ontology + 8O + O + Sauerstoff + oxigeno + oxygen + oxygene + CHEBI:25805 + + oxygen atom - oxygen - IUPAC + oxygen + IUPAC - 8O - IUPAC + 8O + IUPAC - O - IUPAC + O + IUPAC - Sauerstoff - ChEBI + Sauerstoff + ChEBI - oxigeno - ChEBI + oxigeno + ChEBI - oxygen - ChEBI + oxygen + ChEBI - oxygene - ChEBI + oxygene + ChEBI @@ -2264,24 +2661,24 @@ - oxygen molecular entity - chebi_ontology - oxygen molecular entities - CHEBI:25806 + oxygen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + oxygen molecular entities + CHEBI:25806 - oxygen molecular entity + oxygen molecular entity - oxygen molecular entity - ChEBI + oxygen molecular entity + ChEBI - oxygen molecular entities - ChEBI + oxygen molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -2290,32 +2687,32 @@ - A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. - chebi_ontology - univalent acyl group - univalent carboacyl groups - univalent carboxylic acyl groups - CHEBI:27207 + A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. + chebi_ontology + univalent acyl group + univalent carboacyl groups + univalent carboxylic acyl groups + CHEBI:27207 - univalent carboacyl group + univalent carboacyl group - univalent acyl group - ChEBI + univalent acyl group + ChEBI - univalent carboacyl groups - ChEBI + univalent carboacyl groups + ChEBI - univalent carboxylic acyl groups - ChEBI + univalent carboxylic acyl groups + ChEBI @@ -2324,55 +2721,55 @@ - A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). - zwitterion - zwitterions - chebi_ontology - compose zwitterionique - compuestos zwitterionicos - zwitteriones - zwitterionic compounds - CHEBI:27369 + A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). + zwitterion + zwitterions + chebi_ontology + compose zwitterionique + compuestos zwitterionicos + zwitteriones + zwitterionic compounds + CHEBI:27369 - zwitterion + zwitterion - zwitterion - IUPAC + zwitterion + IUPAC - zwitterions - IUPAC + zwitterions + IUPAC - compose zwitterionique - IUPAC + compose zwitterionique + IUPAC - compuestos zwitterionicos - IUPAC + compuestos zwitterionicos + IUPAC - zwitteriones - IUPAC + zwitteriones + IUPAC - zwitterionic compounds - IUPAC + zwitterionic compounds + IUPAC @@ -2388,104 +2785,104 @@ - 0 - C - InChI=1S/C - OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 12.01070 - 12.00000 - [C] - CHEBI:23009 - CHEBI:3399 - CAS:7440-44-0 - KEGG:C06265 - WebElements:C - carbon - chebi_ontology - 6C - C - Carbon - Kohlenstoff - carbon - carbone - carbonium - carbono - CHEBI:27594 - - carbon atom + 0 + C + InChI=1S/C + OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 12.01070 + 12.00000 + [C] + CHEBI:23009 + CHEBI:3399 + CAS:7440-44-0 + KEGG:C06265 + WebElements:C + carbon + chebi_ontology + 6C + C + Carbon + Kohlenstoff + carbon + carbone + carbonium + carbono + CHEBI:27594 + + carbon atom - CAS:7440-44-0 - ChemIDplus + CAS:7440-44-0 + ChemIDplus - CAS:7440-44-0 - KEGG COMPOUND + CAS:7440-44-0 + KEGG COMPOUND - carbon - IUPAC + carbon + IUPAC - 6C - IUPAC + 6C + IUPAC - C - IUPAC + C + IUPAC - C - KEGG_COMPOUND + C + KEGG_COMPOUND - Carbon - KEGG_COMPOUND + Carbon + KEGG_COMPOUND - Kohlenstoff - ChEBI + Kohlenstoff + ChEBI - carbon - ChEBI + carbon + ChEBI - carbone - ChEBI + carbone + ChEBI - carbonium - ChEBI + carbonium + ChEBI - carbono - ChEBI + carbono + ChEBI @@ -2508,103 +2905,103 @@ - A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. - 0 - CH3NO2 - InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) - KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 61.04006 - 61.01638 - NC(O)=O - CHEBI:22504 - CHEBI:23002 - CHEBI:3386 - CHEBI:44573 - Beilstein:1734754 - CAS:463-77-4 - DrugBank:DB04261 - Gmelin:130345 - KEGG:C01563 - PDBeChem:OUT - Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid - CARBAMIC ACID - Carbamic acid - carbamic acid - chebi_ontology - Aminoameisensaeure - Aminoformic acid - Carbamate - Carbamidsaeure - CHEBI:28616 - - carbamic acid + A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. + 0 + CH3NO2 + InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) + KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 61.04006 + 61.01638 + NC(O)=O + CHEBI:22504 + CHEBI:23002 + CHEBI:3386 + CHEBI:44573 + Beilstein:1734754 + CAS:463-77-4 + DrugBank:DB04261 + Gmelin:130345 + KEGG:C01563 + PDBeChem:OUT + Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid + CARBAMIC ACID + Carbamic acid + carbamic acid + chebi_ontology + Aminoameisensaeure + Aminoformic acid + Carbamate + Carbamidsaeure + CHEBI:28616 + + carbamic acid - Beilstein:1734754 - Beilstein + Beilstein:1734754 + Beilstein - CAS:463-77-4 - ChemIDplus + CAS:463-77-4 + ChemIDplus - CAS:463-77-4 - KEGG COMPOUND + CAS:463-77-4 + KEGG COMPOUND - Gmelin:130345 - Gmelin + Gmelin:130345 + Gmelin - CARBAMIC ACID - PDBeChem + CARBAMIC ACID + PDBeChem - Carbamic acid - KEGG_COMPOUND + Carbamic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND - carbamic acid - IUPAC + carbamic acid + IUPAC - Aminoameisensaeure - ChEBI + Aminoameisensaeure + ChEBI - Aminoformic acid - KEGG_COMPOUND + Aminoformic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND - Carbamate - KEGG_COMPOUND + Carbamate + KEGG_COMPOUND - Carbamidsaeure - ChEBI + Carbamidsaeure + ChEBI @@ -2614,6 +3011,7 @@ + @@ -2644,249 +3042,249 @@ - An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. - +1 - H4N - InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 - QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O - 18.03850 - 18.03383 - [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] - CHEBI:22534 - CHEBI:49783 - CHEBI:7435 - CAS:14798-03-9 - Gmelin:84 - KEGG:C01342 - MetaCyc:AMMONIUM - MolBase:929 - PDBeChem:NH4 - PMID:11319011 - PMID:11341317 - PMID:12096804 - PMID:14512268 - PMID:14879753 - PMID:16345391 - PMID:16903292 - PMID:17392693 - PMID:18515490 - PMID:19199063 - PMID:19596600 - PMID:19682559 - PMID:19716251 - PMID:21993530 - PMID:22265469 - PMID:22524020 - PMID:22562341 - PMID:22631217 - Reaxys:16093784 - Wikipedia:Ammonium - ammonium - azanium - chebi_ontology - Ammonium(1+) - NH4(+) - NH4+ - [NH4](+) - ammonium cation - ammonium ion - CHEBI:28938 - - ammonium + An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. + +1 + H4N + InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 + QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 18.03850 + 18.03383 + [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] + CHEBI:22534 + CHEBI:49783 + CHEBI:7435 + CAS:14798-03-9 + Gmelin:84 + KEGG:C01342 + MetaCyc:AMMONIUM + MolBase:929 + PDBeChem:NH4 + PMID:11319011 + PMID:11341317 + PMID:12096804 + PMID:14512268 + PMID:14879753 + PMID:16345391 + PMID:16903292 + PMID:17392693 + PMID:18515490 + PMID:19199063 + PMID:19596600 + PMID:19682559 + PMID:19716251 + PMID:21993530 + PMID:22265469 + PMID:22524020 + PMID:22562341 + PMID:22631217 + Reaxys:16093784 + Wikipedia:Ammonium + ammonium + azanium + chebi_ontology + Ammonium(1+) + NH4(+) + NH4+ + [NH4](+) + ammonium cation + ammonium ion + CHEBI:28938 + + ammonium - CAS:14798-03-9 - ChemIDplus + CAS:14798-03-9 + ChemIDplus - CAS:14798-03-9 - NIST Chemistry WebBook + CAS:14798-03-9 + NIST Chemistry WebBook - Gmelin:84 - Gmelin + Gmelin:84 + Gmelin - PMID:11319011 - Europe PMC + PMID:11319011 + Europe PMC - PMID:11341317 - Europe PMC + PMID:11341317 + Europe PMC - PMID:12096804 - Europe PMC + PMID:12096804 + Europe PMC - PMID:14512268 - Europe PMC + PMID:14512268 + Europe PMC - PMID:14879753 - Europe PMC + PMID:14879753 + Europe PMC - PMID:16345391 - Europe PMC + PMID:16345391 + Europe PMC - PMID:16903292 - Europe PMC + PMID:16903292 + Europe PMC - PMID:17392693 - Europe PMC + PMID:17392693 + Europe PMC - PMID:18515490 - Europe PMC + PMID:18515490 + Europe PMC - PMID:19199063 - Europe PMC + PMID:19199063 + Europe PMC - PMID:19596600 - Europe PMC + PMID:19596600 + Europe PMC - PMID:19682559 - Europe PMC + PMID:19682559 + Europe PMC - PMID:19716251 - Europe PMC + PMID:19716251 + Europe PMC - PMID:21993530 - Europe PMC + PMID:21993530 + Europe PMC - PMID:22265469 - Europe PMC + PMID:22265469 + Europe PMC - PMID:22524020 - Europe PMC + PMID:22524020 + Europe PMC - PMID:22562341 - Europe PMC + PMID:22562341 + Europe PMC - PMID:22631217 - Europe PMC + PMID:22631217 + Europe PMC - Reaxys:16093784 - Reaxys + Reaxys:16093784 + Reaxys - ammonium - ChEBI + ammonium + ChEBI - ammonium - IUPAC + ammonium + IUPAC - azanium - IUPAC + azanium + IUPAC - Ammonium(1+) - ChemIDplus + Ammonium(1+) + ChemIDplus - NH4(+) - IUPAC + NH4(+) + IUPAC - NH4(+) - UniProt + NH4(+) + UniProt - NH4+ - KEGG_COMPOUND + NH4+ + KEGG_COMPOUND - [NH4](+) - MolBase + [NH4](+) + MolBase - ammonium cation - ChemIDplus + ammonium cation + ChemIDplus - ammonium ion - PDBeChem + ammonium ion + PDBeChem @@ -2902,41 +3300,41 @@ - The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. - -1 - CO2R - 44.00950 - 43.98983 - [O-]C([*])=O - CHEBI:13626 - CHEBI:13945 - CHEBI:23026 - CHEBI:58657 - chebi_ontology - a carboxylate - carboxylic acid anions - carboxylic anions - CHEBI:29067 - - carboxylic acid anion + The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. + -1 + CO2R + 44.00950 + 43.98983 + [O-]C([*])=O + CHEBI:13626 + CHEBI:13945 + CHEBI:23026 + CHEBI:58657 + chebi_ontology + a carboxylate + carboxylic acid anions + carboxylic anions + CHEBI:29067 + + carboxylic acid anion - a carboxylate - UniProt + a carboxylate + UniProt - carboxylic acid anions - ChEBI + carboxylic acid anions + ChEBI - carboxylic anions - ChEBI + carboxylic anions + ChEBI @@ -2945,6 +3343,7 @@ + @@ -2957,48 +3356,48 @@ - -1 - H2N - InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 - HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 16.02262 - 16.01927 - [H][N-][H] - amide - azanide - dihydridonitrate(1-) - chebi_ontology - NH2(-) - CHEBI:29337 - - azanide + -1 + H2N + InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 + HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 16.02262 + 16.01927 + [H][N-][H] + amide + azanide + dihydridonitrate(1-) + chebi_ontology + NH2(-) + CHEBI:29337 + + azanide - amide - IUPAC + amide + IUPAC - azanide - IUPAC + azanide + IUPAC - dihydridonitrate(1-) - IUPAC + dihydridonitrate(1-) + IUPAC - NH2(-) - IUPAC + NH2(-) + IUPAC @@ -3007,54 +3406,55 @@ + - A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. - -2 - HN - InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 - DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 15.01468 - 15.01200 - [N--][H] - azanediide - hydridonitrate(2-) - chebi_ontology - NH(2-) - imide - CHEBI:29340 - - hydridonitrate(2-) + A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. + -2 + HN + InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 + DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 15.01468 + 15.01200 + [N--][H] + azanediide + hydridonitrate(2-) + chebi_ontology + NH(2-) + imide + CHEBI:29340 + + hydridonitrate(2-) - azanediide - IUPAC + azanediide + IUPAC - hydridonitrate(2-) - IUPAC + hydridonitrate(2-) + IUPAC - NH(2-) - IUPAC + NH(2-) + IUPAC - imide - IUPAC + imide + IUPAC @@ -3062,74 +3462,75 @@ - Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. - 0 - 0.0 - 0.0 - * - CHEBI:10581 - CHEBI:14383 - KEGG:C00205 - photon - chebi_ontology - Lichtquant - Light - foton - gamma - hnu - light quantum - CHEBI:30212 - - photon + + Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. + 0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + * + CHEBI:10581 + CHEBI:14383 + KEGG:C00205 + photon + chebi_ontology + Lichtquant + Light + foton + gamma + hnu + light quantum + CHEBI:30212 + + photon - photon - IUPAC + photon + IUPAC - Lichtquant - ChEBI + Lichtquant + ChEBI - Light - KEGG_COMPOUND + Light + KEGG_COMPOUND - foton - ChEBI + foton + ChEBI - gamma - IUPAC + gamma + IUPAC - hnu - IUPAC + hnu + IUPAC - hnu - UniProt + hnu + UniProt - light quantum - ChEBI + light quantum + ChEBI @@ -3139,61 +3540,61 @@ - Nucleus of the (4)He atom. - +2 - [4He] - InChI=1S/He/q+2/i1+0 - LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N - 4.002 - 4.00151 - [4He++] - Gmelin:53474 - alpha-particle - helium-4(2+) - chebi_ontology - (4)He(2+) - alpha - CHEBI:30216 - - alpha-particle + Nucleus of the (4)He atom. + +2 + [4He] + InChI=1S/He/q+2/i1+0 + LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N + 4.002 + 4.00151 + [4He++] + Gmelin:53474 + alpha-particle + helium-4(2+) + chebi_ontology + (4)He(2+) + alpha + CHEBI:30216 + + alpha-particle - Gmelin:53474 - Gmelin + Gmelin:53474 + Gmelin - alpha-particle - IUPAC + alpha-particle + IUPAC - alpha-particle - IUPAC + alpha-particle + IUPAC - helium-4(2+) - IUPAC + helium-4(2+) + IUPAC - (4)He(2+) - IUPAC + (4)He(2+) + IUPAC - alpha - IUPAC + alpha + IUPAC @@ -3203,82 +3604,82 @@ - 0 - He - InChI=1S/He - SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 4.00260 - 4.00260 - [He] - CAS:7440-59-7 - Drug_Central:4262 - Gmelin:16294 - WebElements:He - helium - chebi_ontology - 2He - He - Helium - helio - helium - CHEBI:30217 - - helium atom + 0 + He + InChI=1S/He + SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 4.00260 + 4.00260 + [He] + CAS:7440-59-7 + Drug_Central:4262 + Gmelin:16294 + WebElements:He + helium + chebi_ontology + 2He + He + Helium + helio + helium + CHEBI:30217 + + helium atom - CAS:7440-59-7 - NIST Chemistry WebBook + CAS:7440-59-7 + NIST Chemistry WebBook - Drug_Central:4262 - DrugCentral + Drug_Central:4262 + DrugCentral - Gmelin:16294 - Gmelin + Gmelin:16294 + Gmelin - helium - IUPAC + helium + IUPAC - 2He - IUPAC + 2He + IUPAC - He - IUPAC + He + IUPAC - Helium - ChEBI + Helium + ChEBI - helio - ChEBI + helio + ChEBI - helium - ChEBI + helium + ChEBI @@ -3287,41 +3688,80 @@ - Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u. - 0 - 1.008664904 - neutron - chebi_ontology - (1)0n - n - CHEBI:30222 + Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u. + 0 + 1.008664904 + neutron + chebi_ontology + (1)0n + n + CHEBI:30222 - neutron + neutron - neutron - ChEBI + neutron + ChEBI - neutron - IUPAC + neutron + IUPAC - (1)0n - ChEBI + (1)0n + ChEBI - n - IUPAC + n + IUPAC + + + + + + + + + +2 + 0.00000 + [*++] + CHEBI:23856 + CHEBI:4665 + KEGG:C00572 + chebi_ontology + Divalent cation + divalent inorganic cations + monoatomic dications + CHEBI:30412 + + monoatomic dication + + + + + Divalent cation + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + divalent inorganic cations + ChEBI + + + + + monoatomic dications + ChEBI @@ -3330,28 +3770,28 @@ - An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. - CHEBI:22473 - CHEBI:2633 - KEGG:C00241 - Amide - amides - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:32988 + An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + CHEBI:22473 + CHEBI:2633 + KEGG:C00241 + Amide + amides + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:32988 - amide + amide - Amide - KEGG_COMPOUND + Amide + KEGG_COMPOUND - amides - IUPAC + amides + IUPAC @@ -3361,30 +3801,86 @@ - Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33232 + Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33232 + + application + + + + + + + + + A particle not known to have substructure. + elementary particle + chebi_ontology + elementary particles + CHEBI:33233 - application + fundamental particle + + + + elementary particle + IUPAC + + + + + + elementary particles + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. + chebi_ontology + atomic entity + monoatomic entities + CHEBI:33238 + + monoatomic entity + + + + + atomic entity + ChEBI + + + + + monoatomic entities + ChEBI + + - chebi_ontology - inorganic hydrides - CHEBI:33242 + chebi_ontology + inorganic hydrides + CHEBI:33242 - inorganic hydride + inorganic hydride - inorganic hydrides - ChEBI + inorganic hydrides + ChEBI @@ -3393,18 +3889,18 @@ - Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. - chebi_ontology - inorganic groups - CHEBI:33246 + Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. + chebi_ontology + inorganic groups + CHEBI:33246 - inorganic group + inorganic group - inorganic groups - ChEBI + inorganic groups + ChEBI @@ -3419,18 +3915,18 @@ - Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. - chebi_ontology - organic groups - CHEBI:33247 + Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. + chebi_ontology + organic groups + CHEBI:33247 - organic group + organic group - organic groups - ChEBI + organic groups + ChEBI @@ -3439,48 +3935,48 @@ - Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. - organyl group - organyl groups - chebi_ontology - groupe organyle - grupo organilo - grupos organilo - CHEBI:33249 + Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. + organyl group + organyl groups + chebi_ontology + groupe organyle + grupo organilo + grupos organilo + CHEBI:33249 - organyl group + organyl group - organyl group - IUPAC + organyl group + IUPAC - organyl groups - IUPAC + organyl groups + IUPAC - groupe organyle - IUPAC + groupe organyle + IUPAC - grupo organilo - IUPAC + grupo organilo + IUPAC - grupos organilo - IUPAC + grupos organilo + IUPAC @@ -3488,6 +3984,7 @@ + @@ -3500,63 +3997,63 @@ - A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. - CHEBI:22671 - CHEBI:23907 - atom - chebi_ontology - atome - atomo - atoms - atomus - element - elements - CHEBI:33250 - - atom + A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. + CHEBI:22671 + CHEBI:23907 + atom + chebi_ontology + atome + atomo + atoms + atomus + element + elements + CHEBI:33250 + + atom - atom - IUPAC + atom + IUPAC - atome - IUPAC + atome + IUPAC - atomo - IUPAC + atomo + IUPAC - atoms - ChEBI + atoms + ChEBI - atomus - ChEBI + atomus + ChEBI - element - ChEBI + element + ChEBI - elements - ChEBI + elements + ChEBI @@ -3564,25 +4061,26 @@ + - 0 - H - InChI=1S/H - YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 1.00794 - 1.00783 - [H] - chebi_ontology - atomic hydrogen - CHEBI:33251 + 0 + H + InChI=1S/H + YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 1.00794 + 1.00783 + [H] + chebi_ontology + atomic hydrogen + CHEBI:33251 - monoatomic hydrogen + monoatomic hydrogen - atomic hydrogen - ChEBI + atomic hydrogen + ChEBI @@ -3597,75 +4095,75 @@ - A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. - nucleus - chebi_ontology - Atomkern - Kern - noyau - noyau atomique - nuclei - nucleo - nucleo atomico - nucleus atomi - CHEBI:33252 - - atomic nucleus + A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. + nucleus + chebi_ontology + Atomkern + Kern + noyau + noyau atomique + nuclei + nucleo + nucleo atomico + nucleus atomi + CHEBI:33252 + + atomic nucleus - nucleus - IUPAC + nucleus + IUPAC - Atomkern - ChEBI + Atomkern + ChEBI - Kern - ChEBI + Kern + ChEBI - noyau - IUPAC + noyau + IUPAC - noyau atomique - ChEBI + noyau atomique + ChEBI - nuclei - ChEBI + nuclei + ChEBI - nucleo - IUPAC + nucleo + IUPAC - nucleo atomico - ChEBI + nucleo atomico + ChEBI - nucleus atomi - ChEBI + nucleus atomi + ChEBI @@ -3673,47 +4171,48 @@ + - Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. - nucleon - chebi_ontology - Nukleon - Nukleonen - nucleons - CHEBI:33253 + Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. + nucleon + chebi_ontology + Nukleon + Nukleonen + nucleons + CHEBI:33253 - nucleon + nucleon - nucleon - IUPAC + nucleon + IUPAC - nucleon - IUPAC + nucleon + IUPAC - Nukleon - ChEBI + Nukleon + ChEBI - Nukleonen - ChEBI + Nukleonen + ChEBI - nucleons - ChEBI + nucleons + ChEBI @@ -3722,38 +4221,74 @@ - A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. - primary amide - primary amides - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33256 + A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + primary amide + primary amides + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33256 - primary amide + primary amide - primary amide - IUPAC + primary amide + IUPAC - primary amides - IUPAC + primary amides + IUPAC + + + + + A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. + chebi_ontology + homoatomic entity + homoatomic molecular entities + homoatomic molecular entity + CHEBI:33259 + + elemental molecular entity + + + + + homoatomic entity + ChEBI + + + + + homoatomic molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + homoatomic molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + + - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33260 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33260 - elemental hydrogen + elemental hydrogen @@ -3761,19 +4296,20 @@ + - An anion consisting of more than one atom. - chebi_ontology - polyatomic anions - CHEBI:33273 + An anion consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic anions + CHEBI:33273 - polyatomic anion + polyatomic anion - polyatomic anions - ChEBI + polyatomic anions + ChEBI @@ -3782,18 +4318,18 @@ - A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. - chebi_ontology - nutrients - CHEBI:33284 + A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. + chebi_ontology + nutrients + CHEBI:33284 - nutrient + nutrient - nutrients - ChEBI + nutrients + ChEBI @@ -3802,25 +4338,25 @@ - A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. - chebi_ontology - heteroorganic entities - organoelement compounds - CHEBI:33285 + A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. + chebi_ontology + heteroorganic entities + organoelement compounds + CHEBI:33285 - heteroorganic entity + heteroorganic entity - heteroorganic entities - ChEBI + heteroorganic entities + ChEBI - organoelement compounds - ChEBI + organoelement compounds + ChEBI @@ -3829,61 +4365,61 @@ - Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. - pnictogens - chebi_ontology - group 15 elements - group V elements - nitrogenoideos - nitrogenoides - pnictogene - pnictogenes - CHEBI:33300 + Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. + pnictogens + chebi_ontology + group 15 elements + group V elements + nitrogenoideos + nitrogenoides + pnictogene + pnictogenes + CHEBI:33300 - pnictogen + pnictogen - pnictogens - IUPAC + pnictogens + IUPAC - group 15 elements - ChEBI + group 15 elements + ChEBI - group V elements - ChEBI + group V elements + ChEBI - nitrogenoideos - ChEBI + nitrogenoideos + ChEBI - nitrogenoides - ChEBI + nitrogenoides + ChEBI - pnictogene - ChEBI + pnictogene + ChEBI - pnictogenes - ChEBI + pnictogenes + ChEBI @@ -3898,25 +4434,25 @@ - A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. - pnictogen molecular entity - chebi_ontology - pnictogen molecular entities - CHEBI:33302 + A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. + pnictogen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + pnictogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33302 - pnictogen molecular entity + pnictogen molecular entity - pnictogen molecular entity - ChEBI + pnictogen molecular entity + ChEBI - pnictogen molecular entities - ChEBI + pnictogen molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -3925,104 +4461,104 @@ - Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. - PMID:17084588 - chalcogen - chalcogens - chebi_ontology - Chalkogen - Chalkogene - anfigeno - anfigenos - calcogeno - calcogenos - chalcogene - chalcogenes - group 16 elements - group VI elements - CHEBI:33303 - - chalcogen + Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. + PMID:17084588 + chalcogen + chalcogens + chebi_ontology + Chalkogen + Chalkogene + anfigeno + anfigenos + calcogeno + calcogenos + chalcogene + chalcogenes + group 16 elements + group VI elements + CHEBI:33303 + + chalcogen - PMID:17084588 - Europe PMC + PMID:17084588 + Europe PMC - chalcogen - IUPAC + chalcogen + IUPAC - chalcogens - IUPAC + chalcogens + IUPAC - Chalkogen - ChEBI + Chalkogen + ChEBI - Chalkogene - ChEBI + Chalkogene + ChEBI - anfigeno - ChEBI + anfigeno + ChEBI - anfigenos - ChEBI + anfigenos + ChEBI - calcogeno - ChEBI + calcogeno + ChEBI - calcogenos - ChEBI + calcogenos + ChEBI - chalcogene - ChEBI + chalcogene + ChEBI - chalcogenes - ChEBI + chalcogenes + ChEBI - group 16 elements - ChEBI + group 16 elements + ChEBI - group VI elements - ChEBI + group VI elements + ChEBI @@ -4037,32 +4573,32 @@ - Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. - chalcogen molecular entity - chebi_ontology - chalcogen compounds - chalcogen molecular entities - CHEBI:33304 + Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. + chalcogen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + chalcogen compounds + chalcogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33304 - chalcogen molecular entity + chalcogen molecular entity - chalcogen molecular entity - ChEBI + chalcogen molecular entity + ChEBI - chalcogen compounds - ChEBI + chalcogen compounds + ChEBI - chalcogen molecular entities - ChEBI + chalcogen molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4071,60 +4607,60 @@ - group 14 elements - chebi_ontology - carbon group element - carbon group elements - carbonoides - cristallogene - cristallogenes - group IV elements - CHEBI:33306 + group 14 elements + chebi_ontology + carbon group element + carbon group elements + carbonoides + cristallogene + cristallogenes + group IV elements + CHEBI:33306 - carbon group element atom + carbon group element atom - group 14 elements - IUPAC + group 14 elements + IUPAC - carbon group element - ChEBI + carbon group element + ChEBI - carbon group elements - ChEBI + carbon group elements + ChEBI - carbonoides - ChEBI + carbonoides + ChEBI - cristallogene - ChEBI + cristallogene + ChEBI - cristallogenes - ChEBI + cristallogenes + ChEBI - group IV elements - ChEBI + group IV elements + ChEBI @@ -4135,103 +4671,103 @@ - noble gas - noble gases - chebi_ontology - Edelgas - Edelgase - gas noble - gases nobles - gaz noble - gaz nobles - group 18 elements - group VIII elements - inert gases - noble gas - rare gases - CHEBI:33309 - - noble gas atom + noble gas + noble gases + chebi_ontology + Edelgas + Edelgase + gas noble + gases nobles + gaz noble + gaz nobles + group 18 elements + group VIII elements + inert gases + noble gas + rare gases + CHEBI:33309 + + noble gas atom - noble gas - IUPAC + noble gas + IUPAC - noble gases - IUPAC + noble gases + IUPAC - Edelgas - ChEBI + Edelgas + ChEBI - Edelgase - ChEBI + Edelgase + ChEBI - gas noble - ChEBI + gas noble + ChEBI - gases nobles - ChEBI + gases nobles + ChEBI - gaz noble - ChEBI + gaz noble + ChEBI - gaz nobles - ChEBI + gaz nobles + ChEBI - group 18 elements - IUPAC + group 18 elements + IUPAC - group VIII elements - ChEBI + group VIII elements + ChEBI - inert gases - ChEBI + inert gases + ChEBI - noble gas - ChEBI + noble gas + ChEBI - rare gases - ChEBI + rare gases + ChEBI @@ -4241,81 +4777,81 @@ - 0 - Rn - InChI=1S/Rn - SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 222.00000 - 222.00000 - [Rn] - CAS:10043-92-2 - Gmelin:16242 - WebElements:Rn - radon - chebi_ontology - 86Rn - Rn - niton - radium emanation - radon - CHEBI:33314 - - radon atom + 0 + Rn + InChI=1S/Rn + SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 222.00000 + 222.00000 + [Rn] + CAS:10043-92-2 + Gmelin:16242 + WebElements:Rn + radon + chebi_ontology + 86Rn + Rn + niton + radium emanation + radon + CHEBI:33314 + + radon atom - CAS:10043-92-2 - ChemIDplus + CAS:10043-92-2 + ChemIDplus - CAS:10043-92-2 - NIST Chemistry WebBook + CAS:10043-92-2 + NIST Chemistry WebBook - Gmelin:16242 - Gmelin + Gmelin:16242 + Gmelin - radon - IUPAC + radon + IUPAC - 86Rn - IUPAC + 86Rn + IUPAC - Rn - IUPAC + Rn + IUPAC - niton - ChemIDplus + niton + ChemIDplus - radium emanation - ChemIDplus + radium emanation + ChemIDplus - radon - ChEBI + radon + ChEBI @@ -4323,22 +4859,23 @@ + - 0 - He - 4.003 - 4.00260 - chebi_ontology - elemental helium - CHEBI:33315 + 0 + He + 4.003 + 4.00260 + chebi_ontology + elemental helium + CHEBI:33315 - monoatomic helium + monoatomic helium - elemental helium - ChEBI + elemental helium + ChEBI @@ -4346,33 +4883,34 @@ + - +2 - He - InChI=1S/He/q+2 - LBDSXVIYZYSRII-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 4.00260 - 4.00151 - [He++] - helium(2+) - chebi_ontology - He(2+) - CHEBI:33316 + +2 + He + InChI=1S/He/q+2 + LBDSXVIYZYSRII-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 4.00260 + 4.00151 + [He++] + helium(2+) + chebi_ontology + He(2+) + CHEBI:33316 - helium(2+) + helium(2+) - helium(2+) - IUPAC + helium(2+) + IUPAC - He(2+) - IUPAC + He(2+) + IUPAC @@ -4381,40 +4919,40 @@ - An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. - main group elements - chebi_ontology - Hauptgruppenelement - Hauptgruppenelemente - main group element - CHEBI:33318 + An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. + main group elements + chebi_ontology + Hauptgruppenelement + Hauptgruppenelemente + main group element + CHEBI:33318 - main group element atom + main group element atom - main group elements - IUPAC + main group elements + IUPAC - Hauptgruppenelement - ChEBI + Hauptgruppenelement + ChEBI - Hauptgruppenelemente - ChEBI + Hauptgruppenelemente + ChEBI - main group element - ChEBI + main group element + ChEBI @@ -4429,32 +4967,32 @@ - An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. - alpha-amino-acid anion - chebi_ontology - alpha-amino acid anions - alpha-amino-acid anions - CHEBI:33558 + An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. + alpha-amino-acid anion + chebi_ontology + alpha-amino acid anions + alpha-amino-acid anions + CHEBI:33558 - alpha-amino-acid anion + alpha-amino-acid anion - alpha-amino-acid anion - ChEBI + alpha-amino-acid anion + ChEBI - alpha-amino acid anions - ChEBI + alpha-amino acid anions + ChEBI - alpha-amino-acid anions - ChEBI + alpha-amino-acid anions + ChEBI @@ -4463,24 +5001,24 @@ - chebi_ontology - s-block element - s-block elements - CHEBI:33559 + chebi_ontology + s-block element + s-block elements + CHEBI:33559 - s-block element atom + s-block element atom - s-block element - ChEBI + s-block element + ChEBI - s-block elements - ChEBI + s-block elements + ChEBI @@ -4489,25 +5027,25 @@ - Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. - chebi_ontology - p-block element - p-block elements - CHEBI:33560 + Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. + chebi_ontology + p-block element + p-block elements + CHEBI:33560 - p-block element atom + p-block element atom - p-block element - ChEBI + p-block element + ChEBI - p-block elements - ChEBI + p-block elements + ChEBI @@ -4530,106 +5068,106 @@ - A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. - 0 - CHO2R - 45.01740 - 44.99765 - OC([*])=O - CHEBI:13428 - CHEBI:13627 - CHEBI:23027 - PMID:17147560 - PMID:18433345 - Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid - carboxylic acid - carboxylic acids - chebi_ontology - Carbonsaeure - Carbonsaeuren - Karbonsaeure - RC(=O)OH - acide carboxylique - acides carboxyliques - acido carboxilico - acidos carboxilicos - CHEBI:33575 - - carboxylic acid + A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. + 0 + CHO2R + 45.01740 + 44.99765 + OC([*])=O + CHEBI:13428 + CHEBI:13627 + CHEBI:23027 + PMID:17147560 + PMID:18433345 + Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid + carboxylic acid + carboxylic acids + chebi_ontology + Carbonsaeure + Carbonsaeuren + Karbonsaeure + RC(=O)OH + acide carboxylique + acides carboxyliques + acido carboxilico + acidos carboxilicos + CHEBI:33575 + + carboxylic acid - PMID:17147560 - Europe PMC + PMID:17147560 + Europe PMC - PMID:18433345 - Europe PMC + PMID:18433345 + Europe PMC - carboxylic acid - IUPAC + carboxylic acid + IUPAC - carboxylic acids - IUPAC + carboxylic acids + IUPAC - Carbonsaeure - ChEBI + Carbonsaeure + ChEBI - Carbonsaeuren - ChEBI + Carbonsaeuren + ChEBI - Karbonsaeure - ChEBI + Karbonsaeure + ChEBI - RC(=O)OH - IUPAC + RC(=O)OH + IUPAC - acide carboxylique - IUPAC + acide carboxylique + IUPAC - acides carboxyliques - IUPAC + acides carboxyliques + IUPAC - acido carboxilico - IUPAC + acido carboxilico + IUPAC - acidos carboxilicos - IUPAC + acidos carboxilicos + IUPAC @@ -4637,31 +5175,32 @@ + - A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. - chebi_ontology - main group compounds - main group molecular entities - CHEBI:33579 + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. + chebi_ontology + main group compounds + main group molecular entities + CHEBI:33579 - main group molecular entity + main group molecular entity - main group compounds - ChEBI + main group compounds + ChEBI - main group molecular entities - ChEBI + main group molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4676,24 +5215,24 @@ - carbon group molecular entity - chebi_ontology - carbon group molecular entities - CHEBI:33582 + carbon group molecular entity + chebi_ontology + carbon group molecular entities + CHEBI:33582 - carbon group molecular entity + carbon group molecular entity - carbon group molecular entity - ChEBI + carbon group molecular entity + ChEBI - carbon group molecular entities - ChEBI + carbon group molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4708,32 +5247,32 @@ - A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. - noble gas molecular entity - chebi_ontology - noble gas compounds - noble gas molecular entities - CHEBI:33583 + A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. + noble gas molecular entity + chebi_ontology + noble gas compounds + noble gas molecular entities + CHEBI:33583 - noble gas molecular entity + noble gas molecular entity - noble gas molecular entity - ChEBI + noble gas molecular entity + ChEBI - noble gas compounds - ChEBI + noble gas compounds + ChEBI - noble gas molecular entities - ChEBI + noble gas molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4748,24 +5287,24 @@ - chebi_ontology - hydrogen compounds - hydrogen molecular entities - CHEBI:33608 + chebi_ontology + hydrogen compounds + hydrogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33608 - hydrogen molecular entity + hydrogen molecular entity - hydrogen compounds - ChEBI + hydrogen compounds + ChEBI - hydrogen molecular entities - ChEBI + hydrogen molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4780,32 +5319,32 @@ - An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. - s-block molecular entity - chebi_ontology - s-block compounds - s-block molecular entities - CHEBI:33674 + An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. + s-block molecular entity + chebi_ontology + s-block compounds + s-block molecular entities + CHEBI:33674 - s-block molecular entity + s-block molecular entity - s-block molecular entity - ChEBI + s-block molecular entity + ChEBI - s-block compounds - ChEBI + s-block compounds + ChEBI - s-block molecular entities - ChEBI + s-block molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4820,32 +5359,32 @@ - A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. - chebi_ontology - p-block compounds - p-block molecular entities - p-block molecular entitiy - CHEBI:33675 + A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. + chebi_ontology + p-block compounds + p-block molecular entities + p-block molecular entitiy + CHEBI:33675 - p-block molecular entity + p-block molecular entity - p-block compounds - ChEBI + p-block compounds + ChEBI - p-block molecular entities - ChEBI + p-block molecular entities + ChEBI - p-block molecular entitiy - ChEBI + p-block molecular entitiy + ChEBI @@ -4861,31 +5400,31 @@ - helium molecular entity - chebi_ontology - helium compounds - helium molecular entities - CHEBI:33679 + helium molecular entity + chebi_ontology + helium compounds + helium molecular entities + CHEBI:33679 - helium molecular entity + helium molecular entity - helium molecular entity - ChEBI + helium molecular entity + ChEBI - helium compounds - ChEBI + helium compounds + ChEBI - helium molecular entities - ChEBI + helium molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -4894,10 +5433,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33680 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33680 - elemental helium + elemental helium @@ -4907,11 +5446,11 @@ - Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33692 + Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33692 - hydrides + hydrides @@ -4921,40 +5460,40 @@ - A macromolecule formed by a living organism. - biopolymer - chebi_ontology - Biopolymere - biomacromolecules - biopolymers - CHEBI:33694 + A macromolecule formed by a living organism. + biopolymer + chebi_ontology + Biopolymere + biomacromolecules + biopolymers + CHEBI:33694 - biomacromolecule + biomacromolecule - biopolymer - IUPAC + biopolymer + IUPAC - Biopolymere - ChEBI + Biopolymere + ChEBI - biomacromolecules - ChEBI + biomacromolecules + ChEBI - biopolymers - ChEBI + biopolymers + ChEBI @@ -4963,52 +5502,52 @@ - chebi_ontology - genetically encoded biomacromolecules - genetically encoded biopolymers - information biomacromolecules - information biopolymers - information macromolecule - information macromolecules - CHEBI:33695 + chebi_ontology + genetically encoded biomacromolecules + genetically encoded biopolymers + information biomacromolecules + information biopolymers + information macromolecule + information macromolecules + CHEBI:33695 - information biomacromolecule + information biomacromolecule - genetically encoded biomacromolecules - ChEBI + genetically encoded biomacromolecules + ChEBI - genetically encoded biopolymers - ChEBI + genetically encoded biopolymers + ChEBI - information biomacromolecules - ChEBI + information biomacromolecules + ChEBI - information biopolymers - ChEBI + information biopolymers + ChEBI - information macromolecule - ChEBI + information macromolecule + ChEBI - information macromolecules - ChEBI + information macromolecules + ChEBI @@ -5017,52 +5556,52 @@ - chebi_ontology - canonical amino-acid residue - canonical amino-acid residues - common amino acid residues - proteinogenic amino-acid residues - standard amino acid residues - standard amino-acid residues - CHEBI:33700 + chebi_ontology + canonical amino-acid residue + canonical amino-acid residues + common amino acid residues + proteinogenic amino-acid residues + standard amino acid residues + standard amino-acid residues + CHEBI:33700 - proteinogenic amino-acid residue + proteinogenic amino-acid residue - canonical amino-acid residue - ChEBI + canonical amino-acid residue + ChEBI - canonical amino-acid residues - ChEBI + canonical amino-acid residues + ChEBI - common amino acid residues - ChEBI + common amino acid residues + ChEBI - proteinogenic amino-acid residues - ChEBI + proteinogenic amino-acid residues + ChEBI - standard amino acid residues - ChEBI + standard amino acid residues + ChEBI - standard amino-acid residues - ChEBI + standard amino-acid residues + ChEBI @@ -5083,64 +5622,64 @@ - An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. - 0 - C2H4NO2R - 74.05870 - 74.02420 - NC([*])C(O)=O - CHEBI:10208 - CHEBI:13779 - CHEBI:22442 - CHEBI:2642 - KEGG:C00045 - KEGG:C05167 - alpha-amino acid - chebi_ontology - Amino acid - Amino acids - alpha-amino acids - alpha-amino carboxylic acids - CHEBI:33704 - - alpha-amino acid + An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. + 0 + C2H4NO2R + 74.05870 + 74.02420 + NC([*])C(O)=O + CHEBI:10208 + CHEBI:13779 + CHEBI:22442 + CHEBI:2642 + KEGG:C00045 + KEGG:C05167 + alpha-amino acid + chebi_ontology + Amino acid + Amino acids + alpha-amino acids + alpha-amino carboxylic acids + CHEBI:33704 + + alpha-amino acid - alpha-amino acid - IUPAC + alpha-amino acid + IUPAC - Amino acid - KEGG_COMPOUND + Amino acid + KEGG_COMPOUND - Amino acids - KEGG_COMPOUND + Amino acids + KEGG_COMPOUND - alpha-amino acids - ChEBI + alpha-amino acids + ChEBI - alpha-amino acids - JCBN + alpha-amino acids + JCBN - alpha-amino carboxylic acids - IUPAC + alpha-amino carboxylic acids + IUPAC @@ -5155,33 +5694,33 @@ - When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. - amino-acid residue - chebi_ontology - amino acid residue - amino-acid residues - CHEBI:33708 + When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. + amino-acid residue + chebi_ontology + amino acid residue + amino-acid residues + CHEBI:33708 - amino-acid residue + amino-acid residue - amino-acid residue - IUPAC + amino-acid residue + IUPAC - amino acid residue - ChEBI + amino acid residue + ChEBI - amino-acid residues - JCBN + amino-acid residues + JCBN @@ -5197,42 +5736,42 @@ - A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. - CHEBI:13815 - CHEBI:22477 - Wikipedia:Amino_acid - chebi_ontology - Aminocarbonsaeure - Aminokarbonsaeure - Aminosaeure - amino acids - CHEBI:33709 + A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. + CHEBI:13815 + CHEBI:22477 + Wikipedia:Amino_acid + chebi_ontology + Aminocarbonsaeure + Aminokarbonsaeure + Aminosaeure + amino acids + CHEBI:33709 - amino acid + amino acid - Aminocarbonsaeure - ChEBI + Aminocarbonsaeure + ChEBI - Aminokarbonsaeure - ChEBI + Aminokarbonsaeure + ChEBI - Aminosaeure - ChEBI + Aminosaeure + ChEBI - amino acids - ChEBI + amino acids + ChEBI @@ -5247,17 +5786,30 @@ - chebi_ontology - alpha-amino-acid residues - CHEBI:33710 + An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. + 0 + C2H2NOR + 56.043 + 56.01364 + *-NC([*])C(-*)=O + chebi_ontology + alpha-amino-acid residues + an alpha-amino acid residue + CHEBI:33710 - alpha-amino-acid residue + alpha-amino-acid residue - alpha-amino-acid residues - ChEBI + alpha-amino-acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + an alpha-amino acid residue + UniProt @@ -5266,48 +5818,48 @@ - A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - Wikipedia:Macromolecule - macromolecule - chebi_ontology - macromolecules - polymer - polymer molecule - polymers - CHEBI:33839 + A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + Wikipedia:Macromolecule + macromolecule + chebi_ontology + macromolecules + polymer + polymer molecule + polymers + CHEBI:33839 - macromolecule + macromolecule - macromolecule - IUPAC + macromolecule + IUPAC - macromolecules - ChEBI + macromolecules + ChEBI - polymer - ChEBI + polymer + ChEBI - polymer molecule - IUPAC + polymer molecule + IUPAC - polymers - ChEBI + polymers + ChEBI @@ -5316,40 +5868,40 @@ - A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. - reagent - chebi_ontology - reactif - reactivo - reagents - CHEBI:33893 + A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. + reagent + chebi_ontology + reactif + reactivo + reagents + CHEBI:33893 - reagent + reagent - reagent - IUPAC + reagent + IUPAC - reactif - IUPAC + reactif + IUPAC - reactivo - IUPAC + reactivo + IUPAC - reagents - ChEBI + reagents + ChEBI @@ -5358,18 +5910,18 @@ - Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. - chebi_ontology - macronutrients - CHEBI:33937 + Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. + chebi_ontology + macronutrients + CHEBI:33937 - macronutrient + macronutrient - macronutrients - ChEBI + macronutrients + ChEBI @@ -5379,17 +5931,17 @@ - chebi_ontology - nitrogen hydrides - CHEBI:35106 + chebi_ontology + nitrogen hydrides + CHEBI:35106 - nitrogen hydride + nitrogen hydride - nitrogen hydrides - ChEBI + nitrogen hydrides + ChEBI @@ -5398,18 +5950,18 @@ - Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. - chebi_ontology - azanes - CHEBI:35107 + Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. + chebi_ontology + azanes + CHEBI:35107 - azane + azane - azanes - ChEBI + azanes + ChEBI @@ -5418,40 +5970,40 @@ - A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. - inhibitor - chebi_ontology - inhibidor - inhibiteur - inhibitors - CHEBI:35222 + A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. + inhibitor + chebi_ontology + inhibidor + inhibiteur + inhibitors + CHEBI:35222 - inhibitor + inhibitor - inhibitor - IUPAC + inhibitor + IUPAC - inhibidor - ChEBI + inhibidor + ChEBI - inhibiteur - ChEBI + inhibiteur + ChEBI - inhibitors - ChEBI + inhibitors + ChEBI @@ -5460,18 +6012,18 @@ - The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. - amino acid zwitterion - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:35238 + The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. + amino acid zwitterion + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:35238 - amino acid zwitterion + amino acid zwitterion - amino acid zwitterion - ChEBI + amino acid zwitterion + ChEBI @@ -5481,26 +6033,26 @@ - Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. - organonitrogen compounds - chebi_ontology - organonitrogens - CHEBI:35352 + Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. + organonitrogen compounds + chebi_ontology + organonitrogens + CHEBI:35352 - organonitrogen compound + organonitrogen compound - organonitrogen compounds - IUPAC + organonitrogen compounds + IUPAC - organonitrogens - ChEBI + organonitrogens + ChEBI @@ -5510,34 +6062,34 @@ - An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. - CHEBI:33274 - CHEBI:33436 - oxoanion - chebi_ontology - oxoacid anions - oxoanions - CHEBI:35406 + An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. + CHEBI:33274 + CHEBI:33436 + oxoanion + chebi_ontology + oxoacid anions + oxoanions + CHEBI:35406 - oxoanion + oxoanion - oxoanion - ChEBI + oxoanion + ChEBI - oxoacid anions - ChEBI + oxoacid anions + ChEBI - oxoanions - ChEBI + oxoanions + ChEBI @@ -5547,24 +6099,24 @@ - chebi_ontology - carbon oxoacids - oxoacids of carbon - CHEBI:35605 + chebi_ontology + carbon oxoacids + oxoacids of carbon + CHEBI:35605 - carbon oxoacid + carbon oxoacid - carbon oxoacids - ChEBI + carbon oxoacids + ChEBI - oxoacids of carbon - ChEBI + oxoacids of carbon + ChEBI @@ -5574,24 +6126,24 @@ - pnictogen hydride - chebi_ontology - pnictogen hydrides - CHEBI:35881 + pnictogen hydride + chebi_ontology + pnictogen hydrides + CHEBI:35881 - pnictogen hydride + pnictogen hydride - pnictogen hydride - ChEBI + pnictogen hydride + ChEBI - pnictogen hydrides - ChEBI + pnictogen hydrides + ChEBI @@ -5606,40 +6158,220 @@ - A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. - CHEBI:13677 - CHEBI:14911 - proteins - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:36080 + A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. + CHEBI:13677 + CHEBI:14911 + proteins + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36080 - protein + protein - proteins - IUPAC + proteins + IUPAC + + + + + + + + + + + Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). + chebi_ontology + leptons + CHEBI:36338 + + lepton + + + + + leptons + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). + chebi_ontology + baryons + CHEBI:36339 + + baryon + + + + + baryons + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. + fermion + chebi_ontology + fermions + CHEBI:36340 + + fermion + + + + + fermion + IUPAC + + + + + + fermions + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. + boson + chebi_ontology + bosons + CHEBI:36341 + + boson + + + + + boson + IUPAC + + + + bosons + ChEBI + + + + + + + + A particle smaller than an atom. + Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle + chebi_ontology + subatomic particles + CHEBI:36342 + + subatomic particle + + + + + subatomic particles + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). + chebi_ontology + composite particles + CHEBI:36343 + + composite particle + + + + + composite particles + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. + chebi_ontology + hadrons + CHEBI:36344 + + hadron + + + + + hadrons + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + A hadron with zero or integer spin; a strongly interacting boson. The term is derived from the Greek muepsilonsigmaomicronsigma (medium, middle). + chebi_ontology + mesons + CHEBI:36345 + + meson + + + + + mesons + ChEBI + - A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. - nuclear particle - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:36347 + + A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. + nuclear particle + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36347 - nuclear particle + nuclear particle - nuclear particle - IUPAC + nuclear particle + IUPAC @@ -5648,33 +6380,34 @@ - The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0). - pi meson - pion - chebi_ontology - pi-meson - CHEBI:36348 + + The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0). + pi meson + pion + chebi_ontology + pi-meson + CHEBI:36348 - pi meson + pi meson - pi meson - ChEBI + pi meson + ChEBI - pion - IUPAC + pion + IUPAC - pi-meson - ChEBI + pi-meson + ChEBI @@ -5682,56 +6415,57 @@ - Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV. - -1 - 0.113428913 - muon - chebi_ontology - Mueon - My-Teilchen - Myon - mu(-) - negative muon - CHEBI:36356 - - muon + + Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV. + -1 + 0.113428913 + muon + chebi_ontology + Mueon + My-Teilchen + Myon + mu(-) + negative muon + CHEBI:36356 + + muon - muon - IUPAC + muon + IUPAC - Mueon - ChEBI + Mueon + ChEBI - My-Teilchen - ChEBI + My-Teilchen + ChEBI - Myon - ChEBI + Myon + ChEBI - mu(-) - IUPAC + mu(-) + IUPAC - negative muon - ChEBI + negative muon + ChEBI @@ -5739,24 +6473,25 @@ + - Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. - chebi_ontology - polyatomic entities - CHEBI:36357 + Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic entities + CHEBI:36357 - polyatomic entity + polyatomic entity - polyatomic entities - ChEBI + polyatomic entities + ChEBI @@ -5764,19 +6499,20 @@ + - An ion consisting of more than one atom. - chebi_ontology - polyatomic ions - CHEBI:36358 + An ion consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic ions + CHEBI:36358 - polyatomic ion + polyatomic ion - polyatomic ions - ChEBI + polyatomic ions + ChEBI @@ -5792,18 +6528,18 @@ - Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. - carbonyl compounds - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:36586 + Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. + carbonyl compounds + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36586 - carbonyl compound + carbonyl compound - carbonyl compounds - IUPAC + carbonyl compounds + IUPAC @@ -5819,26 +6555,131 @@ - Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. - oxo compounds - chebi_ontology - organic oxo compounds - CHEBI:36587 + Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. + oxo compounds + chebi_ontology + organic oxo compounds + CHEBI:36587 - organic oxo compound + organic oxo compound - oxo compounds - IUPAC + oxo compounds + IUPAC - organic oxo compounds - ChEBI + organic oxo compounds + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic ions + CHEBI:36914 + + inorganic ion + + + + + inorganic ions + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic cations + CHEBI:36915 + + inorganic cation + + + + + inorganic cations + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. + CHEBI:23058 + CHEBI:3473 + KEGG:C01373 + Cation + cation + chebi_ontology + Kation + Kationen + cationes + cations + CHEBI:36916 + + cation + + + + + Cation + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + cation + ChEBI + + + + + cation + IUPAC + + + + + + Kation + ChEBI + + + + + Kationen + ChEBI + + + + + cationes + ChEBI + + + + + cations + ChEBI @@ -5848,25 +6689,25 @@ - An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. - organochalcogen compound - chebi_ontology - organochalcogen compounds - CHEBI:36962 + An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. + organochalcogen compound + chebi_ontology + organochalcogen compounds + CHEBI:36962 - organochalcogen compound + organochalcogen compound - organochalcogen compound - ChEBI + organochalcogen compound + ChEBI - organochalcogen compounds - ChEBI + organochalcogen compounds + ChEBI @@ -5876,32 +6717,32 @@ - An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. - PMID:17586126 - organooxygen compound - chebi_ontology - organooxygen compounds - CHEBI:36963 + An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. + PMID:17586126 + organooxygen compound + chebi_ontology + organooxygen compounds + CHEBI:36963 - organooxygen compound + organooxygen compound - PMID:17586126 - Europe PMC + PMID:17586126 + Europe PMC - organooxygen compound - ChEBI + organooxygen compound + ChEBI - organooxygen compounds - ChEBI + organooxygen compounds + ChEBI @@ -5917,31 +6758,31 @@ - amino-acid anion - chebi_ontology - amino acid anions - amino-acid anions - CHEBI:37022 + amino-acid anion + chebi_ontology + amino acid anions + amino-acid anions + CHEBI:37022 - amino-acid anion + amino-acid anion - amino-acid anion - ChEBI + amino-acid anion + ChEBI - amino acid anions - ChEBI + amino acid anions + ChEBI - amino-acid anions - ChEBI + amino-acid anions + ChEBI @@ -5950,32 +6791,32 @@ - mononuclear parent hydrides - chebi_ontology - mononuclear hydride - mononuclear hydrides - CHEBI:37176 + mononuclear parent hydrides + chebi_ontology + mononuclear hydride + mononuclear hydrides + CHEBI:37176 - mononuclear parent hydride + mononuclear parent hydride - mononuclear parent hydrides - IUPAC + mononuclear parent hydrides + IUPAC - mononuclear hydride - ChEBI + mononuclear hydride + ChEBI - mononuclear hydrides - IUPAC + mononuclear hydrides + IUPAC @@ -5984,66 +6825,66 @@ - An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). - CHEBI:13800 - CHEBI:13801 - CHEBI:22209 - CHEBI:2426 - KEGG:C00174 - Acid - acid - chebi_ontology - Saeure - Saeuren - acide - acido - acids - CHEBI:37527 - - acid + An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). + CHEBI:13800 + CHEBI:13801 + CHEBI:22209 + CHEBI:2426 + KEGG:C00174 + Acid + acid + chebi_ontology + Saeure + Saeuren + acide + acido + acids + CHEBI:37527 + + acid - Acid - KEGG_COMPOUND + Acid + KEGG_COMPOUND - acid - IUPAC + acid + IUPAC - Saeure - ChEBI + Saeure + ChEBI - Saeuren - ChEBI + Saeuren + ChEBI - acide - IUPAC + acide + IUPAC - acido - ChEBI + acido + ChEBI - acids - ChEBI + acids + ChEBI @@ -6052,25 +6893,25 @@ - A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. - chebi_ontology - chemical compound - heteroatomic molecular entities - CHEBI:37577 + A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. + chebi_ontology + chemical compound + heteroatomic molecular entities + CHEBI:37577 - heteroatomic molecular entity + heteroatomic molecular entity - chemical compound - ChEBI + chemical compound + ChEBI - heteroatomic molecular entities - ChEBI + heteroatomic molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -6087,40 +6928,40 @@ - An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. - 0 - CNOR3 - 42.01680 - 41.99799 - [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] - CHEBI:35354 - CHEBI:35355 - carboxamides - chebi_ontology - carboxamides - primary carboxamide - CHEBI:37622 - - carboxamide + An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. + 0 + CNOR3 + 42.01680 + 41.99799 + [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] + CHEBI:35354 + CHEBI:35355 + carboxamides + chebi_ontology + carboxamides + primary carboxamide + CHEBI:37622 + + carboxamide - carboxamides - IUPAC + carboxamides + IUPAC - carboxamides - ChEBI + carboxamides + ChEBI - primary carboxamide - ChEBI + primary carboxamide + ChEBI @@ -6135,34 +6976,34 @@ - A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. - carboacyl groups - carboxylic acyl group - chebi_ontology - carboxylic acyl groups - CHEBI:37838 + A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. + carboacyl groups + carboxylic acyl group + chebi_ontology + carboxylic acyl groups + CHEBI:37838 - carboacyl group + carboacyl group - carboacyl groups - IUPAC + carboacyl groups + IUPAC - carboxylic acyl group - IUPAC + carboxylic acyl group + IUPAC - carboxylic acyl groups - IUPAC + carboxylic acyl groups + IUPAC @@ -6172,47 +7013,47 @@ - A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). - Bronsted acid - chebi_ontology - Bronsted-Saeure - acide de Bronsted - donneur d'hydron - hydron donor - CHEBI:39141 + A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). + Bronsted acid + chebi_ontology + Bronsted-Saeure + acide de Bronsted + donneur d'hydron + hydron donor + CHEBI:39141 - Bronsted acid + Bronsted acid - Bronsted acid - IUPAC + Bronsted acid + IUPAC - Bronsted-Saeure - ChEBI + Bronsted-Saeure + ChEBI - acide de Bronsted - IUPAC + acide de Bronsted + IUPAC - donneur d'hydron - IUPAC + donneur d'hydron + IUPAC - hydron donor - IUPAC + hydron donor + IUPAC @@ -6222,47 +7063,47 @@ - A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). - Bronsted base - chebi_ontology - Bronsted-Base - accepteur d'hydron - base de Bronsted - hydron acceptor - CHEBI:39142 + A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). + Bronsted base + chebi_ontology + Bronsted-Base + accepteur d'hydron + base de Bronsted + hydron acceptor + CHEBI:39142 - Bronsted base + Bronsted base - Bronsted base - IUPAC + Bronsted base + IUPAC - Bronsted-Base - ChEBI + Bronsted-Base + ChEBI - accepteur d'hydron - IUPAC + accepteur d'hydron + IUPAC - base de Bronsted - IUPAC + base de Bronsted + IUPAC - hydron acceptor - IUPAC + hydron acceptor + IUPAC @@ -6272,47 +7113,47 @@ - A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. - Lewis base - chebi_ontology - Lewis-Base - base de Lewis - donneur d'une paire d'electrons - electron donor - CHEBI:39144 + A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. + Lewis base + chebi_ontology + Lewis-Base + base de Lewis + donneur d'une paire d'electrons + electron donor + CHEBI:39144 - Lewis base + Lewis base - Lewis base - IUPAC + Lewis base + IUPAC - Lewis-Base - ChEBI + Lewis-Base + ChEBI - base de Lewis - IUPAC + base de Lewis + IUPAC - donneur d'une paire d'electrons - ChEBI + donneur d'une paire d'electrons + ChEBI - electron donor - ChEBI + electron donor + ChEBI @@ -6321,61 +7162,61 @@ - 0 - HO - 17.00734 - 17.00274 - *O[H] - CHEBI:24706 - CHEBI:43171 - PDBeChem:OH - HYDROXY GROUP - hydroxy - hydroxy group - chebi_ontology - -OH - hydroxyl - hydroxyl group - CHEBI:43176 - - hydroxy group + 0 + HO + 17.00734 + 17.00274 + *O[H] + CHEBI:24706 + CHEBI:43171 + PDBeChem:OH + HYDROXY GROUP + hydroxy + hydroxy group + chebi_ontology + -OH + hydroxyl + hydroxyl group + CHEBI:43176 + + hydroxy group - HYDROXY GROUP - PDBeChem + HYDROXY GROUP + PDBeChem - hydroxy - IUPAC + hydroxy + IUPAC - hydroxy group - UniProt + hydroxy group + UniProt - -OH - IUPAC + -OH + IUPAC - hydroxyl - ChEBI + hydroxyl + ChEBI - hydroxyl group - ChEBI + hydroxyl group + ChEBI @@ -6384,40 +7225,40 @@ - 0 - O - 15.99940 - 15.99491 - O=* - CHEBI:29353 - CHEBI:44607 - PDBeChem:O - OXO GROUP - oxo - chebi_ontology - =O - CHEBI:46629 - - oxo group + 0 + O + 15.99940 + 15.99491 + O=* + CHEBI:29353 + CHEBI:44607 + PDBeChem:O + OXO GROUP + oxo + chebi_ontology + =O + CHEBI:46629 + + oxo group - OXO GROUP - PDBeChem + OXO GROUP + PDBeChem - oxo - IUPAC + oxo + IUPAC - =O - IUPAC + =O + IUPAC @@ -6426,61 +7267,61 @@ - 0 - CHO2 - 45.01744 - 44.99765 - *C(=O)O - CHEBI:23025 - CHEBI:41420 - PDBeChem:FMT - CARBOXY GROUP - carboxy - chebi_ontology - -C(O)OH - -CO2H - -COOH - carboxyl group - CHEBI:46883 - - carboxy group + 0 + CHO2 + 45.01744 + 44.99765 + *C(=O)O + CHEBI:23025 + CHEBI:41420 + PDBeChem:FMT + CARBOXY GROUP + carboxy + chebi_ontology + -C(O)OH + -CO2H + -COOH + carboxyl group + CHEBI:46883 + + carboxy group - CARBOXY GROUP - PDBeChem + CARBOXY GROUP + PDBeChem - carboxy - IUPAC + carboxy + IUPAC - -C(O)OH - IUPAC + -C(O)OH + IUPAC - -CO2H - ChEBI + -CO2H + ChEBI - -COOH - IUPAC + -COOH + IUPAC - carboxyl group - ChEBI + carboxyl group + ChEBI @@ -6488,6 +7329,7 @@ + @@ -6496,70 +7338,70 @@ - 0 - H - InChI=1S/H - YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 1.00794 - 1.00783 - [H] - CHEBI:24634 - CHEBI:49636 - WebElements:H - hydrogen - chebi_ontology - 1H - H - Wasserstoff - hidrogeno - hydrogen - hydrogene - CHEBI:49637 - - hydrogen atom + 0 + H + InChI=1S/H + YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 1.00794 + 1.00783 + [H] + CHEBI:24634 + CHEBI:49636 + WebElements:H + hydrogen + chebi_ontology + 1H + H + Wasserstoff + hidrogeno + hydrogen + hydrogene + CHEBI:49637 + + hydrogen atom - hydrogen - IUPAC + hydrogen + IUPAC - 1H - IUPAC + 1H + IUPAC - H - IUPAC + H + IUPAC - Wasserstoff - ChEBI + Wasserstoff + ChEBI - hidrogeno - ChEBI + hidrogeno + ChEBI - hydrogen - ChEBI + hydrogen + ChEBI - hydrogene - ChEBI + hydrogene + ChEBI @@ -6581,18 +7423,18 @@ - A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. - chebi_ontology - organic amino compounds - CHEBI:50047 + A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. + chebi_ontology + organic amino compounds + CHEBI:50047 - organic amino compound + organic amino compound - organic amino compounds - ChEBI + organic amino compounds + ChEBI @@ -6601,10 +7443,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:50312 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:50312 - onium compound + onium compound @@ -6613,40 +7455,40 @@ - Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. - onium cations - chebi_ontology - onium cations - onium ion - onium ions - CHEBI:50313 + Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. + onium cations + chebi_ontology + onium cations + onium ion + onium ions + CHEBI:50313 - onium cation + onium cation - onium cations - IUPAC + onium cations + IUPAC - onium cations - ChEBI + onium cations + ChEBI - onium ion - ChEBI + onium ion + ChEBI - onium ions - ChEBI + onium ions + ChEBI @@ -6661,34 +7503,34 @@ - Any molecular entity that contains carbon. - CHEBI:25700 - CHEBI:33244 - chebi_ontology - organic compounds - organic entity - organic molecular entities - CHEBI:50860 + Any molecular entity that contains carbon. + CHEBI:25700 + CHEBI:33244 + chebi_ontology + organic compounds + organic entity + organic molecular entities + CHEBI:50860 - organic molecular entity + organic molecular entity - organic compounds - ChEBI + organic compounds + ChEBI - organic entity - ChEBI + organic entity + ChEBI - organic molecular entities - ChEBI + organic molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -6696,11 +7538,11 @@ - A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:50906 + A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:50906 - role + role @@ -6710,62 +7552,62 @@ - A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. - CHEBI:50911 - Wikipedia:Neurotoxin - chebi_ontology - agente neurotoxico - nerve poison - nerve poisons - neurotoxic agent - neurotoxic agents - neurotoxicant - neurotoxins - CHEBI:50910 - - neurotoxin + A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. + CHEBI:50911 + Wikipedia:Neurotoxin + chebi_ontology + agente neurotoxico + nerve poison + nerve poisons + neurotoxic agent + neurotoxic agents + neurotoxicant + neurotoxins + CHEBI:50910 + + neurotoxin - agente neurotoxico - ChEBI + agente neurotoxico + ChEBI - nerve poison - ChEBI + nerve poison + ChEBI - nerve poisons - ChEBI + nerve poisons + ChEBI - neurotoxic agent - ChEBI + neurotoxic agent + ChEBI - neurotoxic agents - ChEBI + neurotoxic agents + ChEBI - neurotoxicant - ChEBI + neurotoxicant + ChEBI - neurotoxins - ChEBI + neurotoxins + ChEBI @@ -6774,11 +7616,11 @@ - A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:51086 + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51086 - chemical role + chemical role @@ -6793,34 +7635,34 @@ - CHEBI:25556 - CHEBI:7594 - KEGG:C06061 - chebi_ontology - Nitrogenous compounds - nitrogen compounds - nitrogen molecular entities - CHEBI:51143 + CHEBI:25556 + CHEBI:7594 + KEGG:C06061 + chebi_ontology + Nitrogenous compounds + nitrogen compounds + nitrogen molecular entities + CHEBI:51143 - nitrogen molecular entity + nitrogen molecular entity - Nitrogenous compounds - KEGG_COMPOUND + Nitrogenous compounds + KEGG_COMPOUND - nitrogen compounds - ChEBI + nitrogen compounds + ChEBI - nitrogen molecular entities - ChEBI + nitrogen molecular entities + ChEBI @@ -6829,18 +7671,18 @@ - An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. - chebi_ontology - dipolar compounds - CHEBI:51151 + An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. + chebi_ontology + dipolar compounds + CHEBI:51151 - dipolar compound + dipolar compound - dipolar compounds - ChEBI + dipolar compounds + ChEBI @@ -6849,18 +7691,18 @@ - Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). - chebi_ontology - organodiyl groups - CHEBI:51422 + Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). + chebi_ontology + organodiyl groups + CHEBI:51422 - organodiyl group + organodiyl group - organodiyl groups - ChEBI + organodiyl groups + ChEBI @@ -6869,10 +7711,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:51446 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51446 - organic divalent group + organic divalent group @@ -6881,10 +7723,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:51447 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51447 - organic univalent group + organic univalent group @@ -6893,11 +7735,11 @@ - A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:52206 + A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:52206 - biochemical role + biochemical role @@ -6906,25 +7748,25 @@ - A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. - chebi_ontology - etiopathogenetic agent - etiopathogenetic role - CHEBI:52209 + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. + chebi_ontology + etiopathogenetic agent + etiopathogenetic role + CHEBI:52209 - aetiopathogenetic role + aetiopathogenetic role - etiopathogenetic agent - ChEBI + etiopathogenetic agent + ChEBI - etiopathogenetic role - ChEBI + etiopathogenetic role + ChEBI @@ -6933,10 +7775,10 @@ - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:52211 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:52211 - physiological role + physiological role @@ -6946,32 +7788,52 @@ - A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. - chebi_ontology - nucleophile - nucleophiles - nucleophilic reagents - CHEBI:59740 + A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. + chebi_ontology + nucleophile + nucleophiles + nucleophilic reagents + CHEBI:59740 - nucleophilic reagent + nucleophilic reagent - nucleophile - ChEBI + nucleophile + ChEBI - nucleophiles - ChEBI + nucleophiles + ChEBI - nucleophilic reagents - ChEBI + nucleophilic reagents + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. + chebi_ontology + a monovalent cation + CHEBI:60242 + + monovalent inorganic cation + + + + + a monovalent cation + UniProt @@ -6986,27 +7848,27 @@ - Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. - 0 - C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n - chebi_ontology - a peptide - peptide zwitterions - CHEBI:60466 + Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. + 0 + C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n + chebi_ontology + a peptide + peptide zwitterions + CHEBI:60466 - peptide zwitterion + peptide zwitterion - a peptide - UniProt + a peptide + UniProt - peptide zwitterions - ChEBI + peptide zwitterions + ChEBI @@ -7015,18 +7877,18 @@ - An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). - chebi_ontology - one-carbon compounds - CHEBI:64708 + An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). + chebi_ontology + one-carbon compounds + CHEBI:64708 - one-carbon compound + one-carbon compound - one-carbon compounds - ChEBI + one-carbon compounds + ChEBI @@ -7035,18 +7897,18 @@ - Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. - chebi_ontology - organic acids - CHEBI:64709 + Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. + chebi_ontology + organic acids + CHEBI:64709 - organic acid + organic acid - organic acids - ChEBI + organic acids + ChEBI @@ -7055,75 +7917,75 @@ - Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. - Wikipedia:Poison - chebi_ontology - poisonous agent - poisonous agents - poisonous substance - poisonous substances - poisons - toxic agent - toxic agents - toxic substance - toxic substances - CHEBI:64909 - - poison + Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. + Wikipedia:Poison + chebi_ontology + poisonous agent + poisonous agents + poisonous substance + poisonous substances + poisons + toxic agent + toxic agents + toxic substance + toxic substances + CHEBI:64909 + + poison - poisonous agent - ChEBI + poisonous agent + ChEBI - poisonous agents - ChEBI + poisonous agents + ChEBI - poisonous substance - ChEBI + poisonous substance + ChEBI - poisonous substances - ChEBI + poisonous substances + ChEBI - poisons - ChEBI + poisons + ChEBI - toxic agent - ChEBI + toxic agent + ChEBI - toxic agents - ChEBI + toxic agents + ChEBI - toxic substance - ChEBI + toxic substance + ChEBI - toxic substances - ChEBI + toxic substances + ChEBI @@ -7133,32 +7995,32 @@ - Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. - chebi_ontology - organic compound - organic compounds - organic molecules - CHEBI:72695 + Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. + chebi_ontology + organic compound + organic compounds + organic molecules + CHEBI:72695 - organic molecule + organic molecule - organic compound - ChEBI + organic compound + ChEBI - organic compounds - ChEBI + organic compounds + ChEBI - organic molecules - ChEBI + organic molecules + ChEBI @@ -7167,18 +8029,18 @@ - Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. - chebi_ontology - eukaryotic metabolites - CHEBI:75763 + Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. + chebi_ontology + eukaryotic metabolites + CHEBI:75763 - eukaryotic metabolite + eukaryotic metabolite - eukaryotic metabolites - ChEBI + eukaryotic metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7187,20 +8049,20 @@ - Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. - CHEBI:77721 - CHEBI:77743 - chebi_ontology - animal metabolites - CHEBI:75767 + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. + CHEBI:77721 + CHEBI:77743 + chebi_ontology + animal metabolites + CHEBI:75767 - animal metabolite + animal metabolite - animal metabolites - ChEBI + animal metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7209,20 +8071,20 @@ - Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. - CHEBI:77464 - CHEBI:77744 - chebi_ontology - mammalian metabolites - CHEBI:75768 + Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. + CHEBI:77464 + CHEBI:77744 + chebi_ontology + mammalian metabolites + CHEBI:75768 - mammalian metabolite + mammalian metabolite - mammalian metabolites - ChEBI + mammalian metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7231,32 +8093,32 @@ - Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). - chebi_ontology - Mus musculus metabolite - Mus musculus metabolites - mouse metabolites - CHEBI:75771 + Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). + chebi_ontology + Mus musculus metabolite + Mus musculus metabolites + mouse metabolites + CHEBI:75771 - mouse metabolite + mouse metabolite - Mus musculus metabolite - ChEBI + Mus musculus metabolite + ChEBI - Mus musculus metabolites - ChEBI + Mus musculus metabolites + ChEBI - mouse metabolites - ChEBI + mouse metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7265,83 +8127,83 @@ - Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). - CHEBI:76949 - CHEBI:76951 - chebi_ontology - S. cerevisiae metabolite - S. cerevisiae metabolites - S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite - S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites - Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites - Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites - baker's yeast metabolite - baker's yeast metabolites - baker's yeast secondary metabolite - baker's yeast secondary metabolites - CHEBI:75772 - - Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite + Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). + CHEBI:76949 + CHEBI:76951 + chebi_ontology + S. cerevisiae metabolite + S. cerevisiae metabolites + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites + Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites + baker's yeast metabolite + baker's yeast metabolites + baker's yeast secondary metabolite + baker's yeast secondary metabolites + CHEBI:75772 + + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite - S. cerevisiae metabolite - ChEBI + S. cerevisiae metabolite + ChEBI - S. cerevisiae metabolites - ChEBI + S. cerevisiae metabolites + ChEBI - S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite - ChEBI + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite + ChEBI - S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites - ChEBI + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites + ChEBI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites - ChEBI + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites + ChEBI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites - ChEBI + Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites + ChEBI - baker's yeast metabolite - ChEBI + baker's yeast metabolite + ChEBI - baker's yeast metabolites - ChEBI + baker's yeast metabolites + ChEBI - baker's yeast secondary metabolite - ChEBI + baker's yeast secondary metabolite + ChEBI - baker's yeast secondary metabolites - ChEBI + baker's yeast secondary metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7350,18 +8212,18 @@ - Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. - chebi_ontology - prokaryotic metabolites - CHEBI:75787 + Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. + chebi_ontology + prokaryotic metabolites + CHEBI:75787 - prokaryotic metabolite + prokaryotic metabolite - prokaryotic metabolites - ChEBI + prokaryotic metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7370,75 +8232,75 @@ - Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). - Wikipedia:Hydrolase - chebi_ontology - EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors - EC 3.* inhibitor - EC 3.* inhibitors - EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor - EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors - hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor - hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors - hydrolase inhibitor - hydrolase inhibitors - CHEBI:76759 - - EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor + Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). + Wikipedia:Hydrolase + chebi_ontology + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors + EC 3.* inhibitor + EC 3.* inhibitors + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors + hydrolase inhibitor + hydrolase inhibitors + CHEBI:76759 + + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor - EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.* inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.* inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.* inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.* inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors + ChEBI - hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor - ChEBI + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor + ChEBI - hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors - ChEBI + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors + ChEBI - hydrolase inhibitor - ChEBI + hydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI - hydrolase inhibitors - ChEBI + hydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI @@ -7447,60 +8309,60 @@ - Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). - chebi_ontology - EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor - EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors - EC 3.5.* inhibitor - EC 3.5.* inhibitors - CHEBI:76764 + Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* inhibitor + EC 3.5.* inhibitors + CHEBI:76764 - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor - EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.5.* inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.* inhibitors + ChEBI @@ -7509,46 +8371,46 @@ - An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). - chebi_ontology - EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors - EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor - EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors - non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor - non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors - CHEBI:76807 + An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors + CHEBI:76807 - EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor - EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors + ChEBI - non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor - ChEBI + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor + ChEBI - non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors - ChEBI + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors + ChEBI @@ -7557,20 +8419,20 @@ - Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. - CHEBI:75765 - CHEBI:76947 - chebi_ontology - fungal metabolites - CHEBI:76946 + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. + CHEBI:75765 + CHEBI:76947 + chebi_ontology + fungal metabolites + CHEBI:76946 - fungal metabolite + fungal metabolite - fungal metabolites - ChEBI + fungal metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7579,13 +8441,13 @@ - Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. - CHEBI:75760 - CHEBI:76970 - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:76969 + Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. + CHEBI:75760 + CHEBI:76970 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:76969 - bacterial metabolite + bacterial metabolite @@ -7594,32 +8456,32 @@ - Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. - chebi_ontology - E.coli metabolite - E.coli metabolites - Escherichia coli metabolites - CHEBI:76971 + Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. + chebi_ontology + E.coli metabolite + E.coli metabolites + Escherichia coli metabolites + CHEBI:76971 - Escherichia coli metabolite + Escherichia coli metabolite - E.coli metabolite - ChEBI + E.coli metabolite + ChEBI - E.coli metabolites - ChEBI + E.coli metabolites + ChEBI - Escherichia coli metabolites - ChEBI + Escherichia coli metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7628,41 +8490,41 @@ - Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). - CHEBI:75770 - CHEBI:77123 - chebi_ontology - H. sapiens metabolite - H. sapiens metabolites - Homo sapiens metabolite - Homo sapiens metabolites - CHEBI:77746 + Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). + CHEBI:75770 + CHEBI:77123 + chebi_ontology + H. sapiens metabolite + H. sapiens metabolites + Homo sapiens metabolite + Homo sapiens metabolites + CHEBI:77746 - human metabolite + human metabolite - H. sapiens metabolite - ChEBI + H. sapiens metabolite + ChEBI - H. sapiens metabolites - ChEBI + H. sapiens metabolites + ChEBI - Homo sapiens metabolite - ChEBI + Homo sapiens metabolite + ChEBI - Homo sapiens metabolites - ChEBI + Homo sapiens metabolites + ChEBI @@ -7671,145 +8533,145 @@ - An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). - Wikipedia:Amidase - chebi_ontology - EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors - EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor - EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors - N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor - N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors - acylamidase inhibitor - acylamidase inhibitors - acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor - acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors - amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor - amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors - amidase inhibitor - amidase inhibitors - amidohydrolase inhibitor - amidohydrolase inhibitors - deaminase inhibitor - deaminase inhibitors - fatty acylamidase inhibitor - fatty acylamidase inhibitors - CHEBI:77941 - - EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor + An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). + Wikipedia:Amidase + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors + acylamidase inhibitor + acylamidase inhibitors + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors + amidase inhibitor + amidase inhibitors + amidohydrolase inhibitor + amidohydrolase inhibitors + deaminase inhibitor + deaminase inhibitors + fatty acylamidase inhibitor + fatty acylamidase inhibitors + CHEBI:77941 + + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor - EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors + ChEBI - EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor + ChEBI - EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors - ChEBI + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors + ChEBI - N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor - ChEBI + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI - N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors - ChEBI + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI - acylamidase inhibitor - ChEBI + acylamidase inhibitor + ChEBI - acylamidase inhibitors - ChEBI + acylamidase inhibitors + ChEBI - acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor - ChEBI + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI - acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors - ChEBI + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI - amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor - ChEBI + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor + ChEBI - amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors - ChEBI + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors + ChEBI - amidase inhibitor - ChEBI + amidase inhibitor + ChEBI - amidase inhibitors - ChEBI + amidase inhibitors + ChEBI - amidohydrolase inhibitor - ChEBI + amidohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI - amidohydrolase inhibitors - ChEBI + amidohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI - deaminase inhibitor - ChEBI + deaminase inhibitor + ChEBI - deaminase inhibitors - ChEBI + deaminase inhibitors + ChEBI - fatty acylamidase inhibitor - ChEBI + fatty acylamidase inhibitor + ChEBI - fatty acylamidase inhibitors - ChEBI + fatty acylamidase inhibitors + ChEBI @@ -7818,32 +8680,32 @@ - A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. - chebi_ontology - dietary component - dietary components - food components - CHEBI:78295 + A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. + chebi_ontology + dietary component + dietary components + food components + CHEBI:78295 - food component + food component - dietary component - ChEBI + dietary component + ChEBI - dietary components - ChEBI + dietary components + ChEBI - food components - ChEBI + food components + ChEBI @@ -7852,19 +8714,19 @@ - A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. - Wikipedia:Refrigerant - chebi_ontology - refrigerants - CHEBI:78433 + A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. + Wikipedia:Refrigerant + chebi_ontology + refrigerants + CHEBI:78433 - refrigerant + refrigerant - refrigerants - ChEBI + refrigerants + ChEBI @@ -7879,35 +8741,75 @@ - An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. - 0 - C2H4NO2R - 74.059 - 74.02420 - [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O - CHEBI:83409 - MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids - chebi_ontology - an alpha-amino acid - CHEBI:78608 + An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. + 0 + C2H4NO2R + 74.059 + 74.02420 + [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O + CHEBI:83409 + MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids + chebi_ontology + an alpha-amino acid + CHEBI:78608 - alpha-amino acid zwitterion + alpha-amino acid zwitterion - MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids - SUBMITTER + MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids + SUBMITTER - an alpha-amino acid - UniProt + an alpha-amino acid + UniProt + + + + + + + + + Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. + chebi_ontology + divalent inorganic anions + CHEBI:79388 + + divalent inorganic anion + + + + + divalent inorganic anions + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. + chebi_ontology + monovalent inorganic anions + CHEBI:79389 + + monovalent inorganic anion + + + + + monovalent inorganic anions + ChEBI - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/chmo_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/chmo_import.owl index 9249194..8c714a6 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/chmo_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/chmo_import.owl @@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:chmo="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chmo#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - + - 2022-10-05 + 2024-02-06 @@ -109,6 +110,30 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -143,12 +168,24 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/cob_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/cob_import.owl index 8a28d7d..e9d2b8e 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/cob_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/cob_import.owl @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> - - 2022-10-05 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -47,6 +47,18 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -183,7 +195,7 @@ - + has characteristic https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 @@ -286,12 +298,43 @@ - + realizable + + + + + + + + + + + characteristic + https://github.com/OBOFoundry/COB/issues/65 + https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + We should name the inverse in COB and avoid the confusing inverse(..) construct + + + + @@ -425,7 +468,7 @@ - + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000015 Pier 'representational entity' This captures: pattern of writing in a book; neural state in the brain, electronic charges in computer memory etc @@ -562,47 +605,6 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - characteristic - https://github.com/OBOFoundry/COB/issues/65 - https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - We should name the inverse in COB and avoid the confusing inverse(..) construct - - - - @@ -614,5 +616,5 @@ - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/doid_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/doid_import.owl index ecd53cd..a1b30a8 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/doid_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/doid_import.owl @@ -126,21 +126,21 @@ - A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. - ICD9CM:478.19 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195823002 - UMLS_CUI:C0029581 - disease_ontology - DOID:0050161 + A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. + ICD9CM:478.19 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195823002 + UMLS_CUI:C0029581 + disease_ontology + DOID:0050161 - lower respiratory tract disease + lower respiratory tract disease - A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. + A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lower_respiratory_tract + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lower_respiratory_tract @@ -149,38 +149,38 @@ - A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. - lschriml - 2012-01-03T02:54:11Z - ICD10CM:I42 - ICD9CM:425 - ICD9CM:425.9 - MESH:D009202 - NCI:C34830 - NCI:C53654 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266301006 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89461002 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89600009 - UMLS_CUI:C0033141 - UMLS_CUI:C0036529 - UMLS_CUI:C0878544 + A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. + lschriml + 2012-01-03T02:54:11Z + ICD10CM:I42 + ICD9CM:425 + ICD9CM:425.9 + MESH:D009202 + NCI:C34830 + NCI:C53654 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266301006 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89461002 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89600009 + UMLS_CUI:C0033141 + UMLS_CUI:C0036529 + UMLS_CUI:C0878544 Cardiomyopathies - disease_ontology - DOID:0050700 + disease_ontology + DOID:0050700 - MESH:D009202 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. - cardiomyopathy + MESH:D009202 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. + cardiomyopathy - A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. + A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy - url:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/ + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy + url:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/ @@ -189,20 +189,20 @@ - A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. - lschriml - 2014-04-15T03:40:31Z - disease_ontology - DOID:0050851 + A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. + lschriml + 2014-04-15T03:40:31Z + disease_ontology + DOID:0050851 - glomerulosclerosis + glomerulosclerosis - A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. + A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulosclerosis + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulosclerosis @@ -211,49 +211,49 @@ - An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. - lschriml - 2014-10-06T14:36:37Z - DOID:0060105 - DOID:168 - DOID:3858 - DOID:4981 - GARD:7005 - ICDO:9470/3 - MESH:D008527 - MESH:D018242 - NCI:C27294 - NCI:C3222 - NCI:C3716 - OMIM:155255 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:189925001 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443333004 - UMLS_CUI:C0025149 - UMLS_CUI:C0206663 - UMLS_CUI:C1334410 + An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. + lschriml + 2014-10-06T14:36:37Z + DOID:0060105 + DOID:168 + DOID:3858 + DOID:4981 + GARD:7005 + ICDO:9470/3 + MESH:D008527 + MESH:D018242 + NCI:C27294 + NCI:C3222 + NCI:C3716 + OMIM:155255 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:189925001 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443333004 + UMLS_CUI:C0025149 + UMLS_CUI:C0206663 + UMLS_CUI:C1334410 CNS PNET CPNET brain medulloblastoma infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor localized primitive neuroectodermal tumor - disease_ontology - DOID:0050902 + disease_ontology + DOID:0050902 - OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - medulloblastoma + OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. + medulloblastoma - An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. + An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45780 - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306779/ + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45780 + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306779/ @@ -262,18 +262,18 @@ - A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. - disease_ontology - DOID:0060037 + A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. + disease_ontology + DOID:0060037 - developmental disorder of mental health + developmental disorder of mental health - A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. + A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorders + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorders @@ -282,35 +282,35 @@ - A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. - DOID:1033 - DOID:353 - ICD10CM:C85.9 - ICDO:9590/3 - MESH:D008223 - NCI:C3208 - NCI:C7065 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118600007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414628006 - UMLS_CUI:C0024299 - UMLS_CUI:C0598798 + A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. + DOID:1033 + DOID:353 + ICD10CM:C85.9 + ICDO:9590/3 + MESH:D008223 + NCI:C3208 + NCI:C7065 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118600007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414628006 + UMLS_CUI:C0024299 + UMLS_CUI:C0598798 lymphoid cancer - disease_ontology - DOID:0060058 + disease_ontology + DOID:0060058 - lymphoma + lymphoma - A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. + A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma - url:http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bkLTKaOQLmK8E&b=6300161 - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma + url:http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bkLTKaOQLmK8E&b=6300161 + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html @@ -319,24 +319,24 @@ - A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. - lschriml - 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z - disease_ontology - DOID:0060071 + A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. + lschriml + 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z + disease_ontology + DOID:0060071 - pre-malignant neoplasm + pre-malignant neoplasm - A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. + A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm @@ -346,26 +346,26 @@ - A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. - lschriml - 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z - disease_ontology - DOID:0060072 + A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. + lschriml + 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z + disease_ontology + DOID:0060072 - benign neoplasm + benign neoplasm - A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. + A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_neoplasm - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/benigntumors.html + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_neoplasm + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/benigntumors.html @@ -374,26 +374,26 @@ - An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. - DOID:2284 - ICD10CM:H18.9 - ICD9CM:371.9 - MESH:D003316 - NCI:C26731 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:15250008 - UMLS_CUI:C0010034 - disease_ontology - DOID:10124 + An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. + DOID:2284 + ICD10CM:H18.9 + ICD9CM:371.9 + MESH:D003316 + NCI:C26731 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:15250008 + UMLS_CUI:C0010034 + disease_ontology + DOID:10124 - corneal disease + corneal disease - An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. + An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. - url:https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26731 + url:https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26731 @@ -402,22 +402,22 @@ - A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. - ICD9CM:426.6 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195053008 - UMLS_CUI:C0029630 + A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. + ICD9CM:426.6 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195053008 + UMLS_CUI:C0029630 heart rhythm disease - disease_ontology - DOID:10273 + disease_ontology + DOID:10273 - heart conduction disease + heart conduction disease - A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. + A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduction_system_of_the_heart + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduction_system_of_the_heart @@ -426,27 +426,27 @@ - A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. - EFO:0001663 - KEGG:05215 - NCI:C4863 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254900004 - UMLS_CUI:C0600139 + A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. + EFO:0001663 + KEGG:05215 + NCI:C4863 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254900004 + UMLS_CUI:C0600139 cancer of prostate carcinoma of prostate - disease_ontology - DOID:10286 + disease_ontology + DOID:10286 - prostate carcinoma + prostate carcinoma - A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. + A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma @@ -455,31 +455,31 @@ - A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. - DOID:10747 - ICD10CM:C91 - ICD9CM:204 - ICDO:9820/3 - MESH:D007945 - NCI:C7539 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93170002 - UMLS_CUI:C0023448 + A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. + DOID:10747 + ICD10CM:C91 + ICD9CM:204 + ICDO:9820/3 + MESH:D007945 + NCI:C7539 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93170002 + UMLS_CUI:C0023448 lymphoblastic leukaemia lymphoblastic leukemia lymphocytic leukaemia - disease_ontology - DOID:1037 + disease_ontology + DOID:1037 - lymphoid leukemia + lymphoid leukemia - A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. + A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=616067 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=616067 @@ -488,22 +488,22 @@ - A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. - EFO:0000095 - GARD:6104 - ICD10CM:C91.10 - ICD9CM:204.1 - MESH:D015451 - NCI:C3163 - OMIM:109543 - OMIM:151400 - OMIM:609630 - OMIM:612557 - OMIM:612558 - OMIM:612559 - ORDO:67038 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:51092000 - UMLS_CUI:C0023434 + A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. + EFO:0000095 + GARD:6104 + ICD10CM:C91.10 + ICD9CM:204.1 + MESH:D015451 + NCI:C3163 + OMIM:109543 + OMIM:151400 + OMIM:609630 + OMIM:612557 + OMIM:612558 + OMIM:612559 + ORDO:67038 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:51092000 + UMLS_CUI:C0023434 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL @@ -512,25 +512,25 @@ chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphoplasmacytic leukaemia lymphoplasmacytic leukemia - disease_ontology + disease_ontology B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia - DOID:1040 + DOID:1040 - Xref MGI. - chronic lymphocytic leukemia + Xref MGI. + chronic lymphocytic leukemia - A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. + A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=346545 + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=346545 @@ -539,54 +539,54 @@ - A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. - DOID:10539 - DOID:10542 - DOID:10543 - DOID:4713 - GARD:7704 - ICD10CM:C16 - ICD10CM:C16.2 - ICD10CM:C16.5 - ICD10CM:C16.6 - ICD9CM:151 - ICD9CM:151.4 - ICD9CM:151.5 - ICD9CM:151.6 - MESH:D013274 - NCI:C3387 - NCI:C9331 - OMIM:613659 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126824007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269459004 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269460009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93717002 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94074003 - UMLS_CUI:C0024623 - UMLS_CUI:C0038356 - UMLS_CUI:C0153421 - UMLS_CUI:C0153422 - UMLS_CUI:C0153423 + A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. + DOID:10539 + DOID:10542 + DOID:10543 + DOID:4713 + GARD:7704 + ICD10CM:C16 + ICD10CM:C16.2 + ICD10CM:C16.5 + ICD10CM:C16.6 + ICD9CM:151 + ICD9CM:151.4 + ICD9CM:151.5 + ICD9CM:151.6 + MESH:D013274 + NCI:C3387 + NCI:C9331 + OMIM:613659 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126824007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269459004 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269460009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93717002 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94074003 + UMLS_CUI:C0024623 + UMLS_CUI:C0038356 + UMLS_CUI:C0153421 + UMLS_CUI:C0153422 + UMLS_CUI:C0153423 gastric cancer gastric neoplasm - disease_ontology - DOID:10534 + disease_ontology + DOID:10534 - OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - stomach cancer + OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. + stomach cancer - A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. + A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. - url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach + url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach @@ -595,37 +595,37 @@ - A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. - EFO:0000249 - GARD:10254 - ICD10CM:G30 - ICD9CM:331.0 - KEGG:05010 - MESH:D000544 - NCI:C2866 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:73768007 - UMLS_CUI:C0002395 + A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. + EFO:0000249 + GARD:10254 + ICD10CM:G30 + ICD9CM:331.0 + KEGG:05010 + MESH:D000544 + NCI:C2866 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:73768007 + UMLS_CUI:C0002395 Alzheimer disease Alzheimers dementia - disease_ontology - DOID:10652 + disease_ontology + DOID:10652 - Xref MGI. + Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - Alzheimer's disease + Alzheimer's disease - A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. + A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease - url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/alzheimer%27s%20disease - url:http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet - ls:IEDB + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease + url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/alzheimer%27s%20disease + url:http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet + ls:IEDB @@ -634,38 +634,38 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. - DOID:5428 - GARD:12210 - ICD10CM:C67 - ICD9CM:188 - KEGG:05219 - MESH:D001749 - NCI:C2901 - NCI:C9334 - OMIM:109800 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126885006 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:363455001 - UMLS_CUI:C0005684 - UMLS_CUI:C0005695 + An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. + DOID:5428 + GARD:12210 + ICD10CM:C67 + ICD9CM:188 + KEGG:05219 + MESH:D001749 + NCI:C2901 + NCI:C9334 + OMIM:109800 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126885006 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:363455001 + UMLS_CUI:C0005684 + UMLS_CUI:C0005695 bladder cancer tumor of the bladder - disease_ontology - DOID:11054 + disease_ontology + DOID:11054 - OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - urinary bladder cancer + OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. + urinary bladder cancer - An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. + An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer @@ -674,32 +674,32 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. - DOID:3936 - ICD10CM:C49 - ICD9CM:171.9 - ICDO:8800/3 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93765001 - UMLS_CUI:C0153519 + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. + DOID:3936 + ICD10CM:C49 + ICD9CM:171.9 + ICDO:8800/3 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93765001 + UMLS_CUI:C0153519 connective and soft tissue neoplasm tumor of soft tissue and skeleton - disease_ontology - DOID:1115 + disease_ontology + DOID:1115 - sarcoma + sarcoma - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. - url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/Sarcoma - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45562 + url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/Sarcoma + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45562 @@ -708,26 +708,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. - ICD10CM:I51.9 - ICD9CM:429.9 - MESH:D006331 - NCI:C3079 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194707003 - UMLS_CUI:C0018799 - disease_ontology - DOID:114 + A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. + ICD10CM:I51.9 + ICD9CM:429.9 + MESH:D006331 + NCI:C3079 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194707003 + UMLS_CUI:C0018799 + disease_ontology + DOID:114 - heart disease + heart disease - A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. + A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease @@ -736,23 +736,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. - DOID:1175 - DOID:12322 - MESH:D001982 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41427001 - UMLS_CUI:C0006261 - disease_ontology - DOID:1176 + A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. + DOID:1175 + DOID:12322 + MESH:D001982 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41427001 + UMLS_CUI:C0006261 + disease_ontology + DOID:1176 - bronchial disease + bronchial disease - A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. + A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11685087 + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11685087 @@ -761,31 +761,31 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. - DOID:9145 - ICD10CM:C95.90 - ICD9CM:208 - ICDO:9800/3 - MESH:D007938 - NCI:C3161 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:255049003 - UMLS_CUI:C0023418 - disease_ontology - DOID:1240 + A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. + DOID:9145 + ICD10CM:C95.90 + ICD9CM:208 + ICDO:9800/3 + MESH:D007938 + NCI:C3161 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:255049003 + UMLS_CUI:C0023418 + disease_ontology + DOID:1240 - leukemia + leukemia - A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. + A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45343 + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45343 @@ -794,31 +794,31 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. - DOID:13997 - DOID:2212 - DOID:9474 - ICD10CM:D68.9 - ICD9CM:286 - MESH:D001778 - NCI:C2902 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64779008 - UMLS_CUI:C0005779 - coagulation protein disease + A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. + DOID:13997 + DOID:2212 + DOID:9474 + ICD10CM:D68.9 + ICD9CM:286 + MESH:D001778 + NCI:C2902 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64779008 + UMLS_CUI:C0005779 postpartum coagulation defect postpartum coagulation defect with delivery - inherited blood coagulation disease - disease_ontology - DOID:1247 + coagulation protein disease + inherited blood coagulation disease + disease_ontology + DOID:1247 - blood coagulation disease + blood coagulation disease - A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. - url:https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Coagulation-System-Disorders.aspx + A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. + url:https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Coagulation-System-Disorders.aspx @@ -827,30 +827,30 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. - DOID:73 - ICD9CM:429.2 - MESH:D002318 - NCI:C2931 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266275004 - UMLS_CUI:C0007222 + A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. + DOID:73 + ICD9CM:429.2 + MESH:D002318 + NCI:C2931 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266275004 + UMLS_CUI:C0007222 disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system - disease_ontology - DOID:1287 + disease_ontology + DOID:1287 - cardiovascular system disease + cardiovascular system disease - A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. + A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system @@ -859,20 +859,20 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. - ICD9CM:290.8 - UMLS_CUI:C0154319 - disease_ontology - DOID:1307 + A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. + ICD9CM:290.8 + UMLS_CUI:C0154319 + disease_ontology + DOID:1307 - dementia + dementia - A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. + A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000739.htm + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000739.htm @@ -881,30 +881,30 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. - DOID:2125 - DOID:2126 - DOID:3543 - DOID:6649 - DOID:911 - ICD10CM:C71 - ICD9CM:191 - ICD9CM:239.6 - MESH:D001932 - NCI:C170814 - NCI:C2907 - NCI:C3568 - NCI:C5115 - NCI:C7710 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126952004 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:428061005 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93727008 - UMLS_CUI:C0006118 - UMLS_CUI:C0153633 - UMLS_CUI:C0220624 - UMLS_CUI:C0750974 - UMLS_CUI:C0750979 - UMLS_CUI:C1334557 + A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. + DOID:2125 + DOID:2126 + DOID:3543 + DOID:6649 + DOID:911 + ICD10CM:C71 + ICD9CM:191 + ICD9CM:239.6 + MESH:D001932 + NCI:C170814 + NCI:C2907 + NCI:C3568 + NCI:C5115 + NCI:C7710 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126952004 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:428061005 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93727008 + UMLS_CUI:C0006118 + UMLS_CUI:C0153633 + UMLS_CUI:C0220624 + UMLS_CUI:C0750974 + UMLS_CUI:C0750979 + UMLS_CUI:C1334557 BT - Brain tumour adult brain tumor adult malignant brain neoplasm @@ -920,23 +920,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. primary brain tumor primary malignant neoplasm of brain tumor of the Brain - disease_ontology - DOID:1319 + disease_ontology + DOID:1319 - brain cancer + brain cancer - A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. + A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=387264 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=387264 @@ -945,23 +945,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. - GARD:6019 - ICD9CM:331.9 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52522001 - UMLS_CUI:C0154671 + A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. + GARD:6019 + ICD9CM:331.9 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52522001 + UMLS_CUI:C0154671 Brain degeneration - disease_ontology - DOID:1443 + disease_ontology + DOID:1443 - cerebral degeneration + cerebral degeneration - A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. + A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. - url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration + url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration @@ -970,23 +970,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. - neoplasm - DOID:0000818 + A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. + neoplasm + DOID:0000818 cell process disease neoplasm - disease_ontology - DOID:14566 + disease_ontology + DOID:14566 - disease of cellular proliferation + disease of cellular proliferation - A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. + A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_proliferation + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_proliferation @@ -995,28 +995,28 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. - ICD10CM:F99 - MESH:D001523 - NCI:C2893 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:74732009 - UMLS_CUI:C0004936 - disease_ontology - DOID:150 + A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. + ICD10CM:F99 + MESH:D001523 + NCI:C2893 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:74732009 + UMLS_CUI:C0004936 + disease_ontology + DOID:150 - disease of mental health + disease of mental health - A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. + A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder @@ -1025,22 +1025,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. - ICD9CM:301.8 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:191770003 - UMLS_CUI:C0029707 + A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. + ICD9CM:301.8 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:191770003 + UMLS_CUI:C0029707 character disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:1510 + disease_ontology + DOID:1510 - personality disorder + personality disorder - A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. + A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/personalitydisorders.html + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/personalitydisorders.html @@ -1049,26 +1049,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. - DOID:1531 - MESH:D010995 - NCI:C26859 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:88075009 - UMLS_CUI:C0032226 + A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. + DOID:1531 + MESH:D010995 + NCI:C26859 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:88075009 + UMLS_CUI:C0032226 disorder of pleura non-neoplastic pleural disease - disease_ontology - DOID:1532 + disease_ontology + DOID:1532 - pleural disease + pleural disease - A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. + A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_disease @@ -1077,26 +1077,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. - ICD10CM:F09 - MESH:D019965 - NCI:C34870 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:111479008 - UMLS_CUI:C0029227 + A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. + ICD10CM:F09 + MESH:D019965 + NCI:C34870 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:111479008 + UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease - disease_ontology + disease_ontology Organic Mental disorder - DOID:1561 + DOID:1561 - cognitive disorder + cognitive disorder - A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. + A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder @@ -1105,29 +1105,29 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. - DOID:3226 - ICD10CM:J98 - ICD9CM:519 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155603009 - UMLS_CUI:C0029582 - disease_ontology - DOID:1579 + A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. + DOID:3226 + ICD10CM:J98 + ICD9CM:519 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155603009 + UMLS_CUI:C0029582 + disease_ontology + DOID:1579 - respiratory system disease + respiratory system disease - A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. + A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg - url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=respiratory%20system + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg + url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=respiratory%20system @@ -1136,44 +1136,44 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. - DOID:1648 - DOID:4241 - ICD10CM:C50 - MESH:D001943 - NCI:C9335 - OMIM:114480 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254837009 - UMLS_CUI:C0006142 + A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. + DOID:1648 + DOID:4241 + ICD10CM:C50 + MESH:D001943 + NCI:C9335 + OMIM:114480 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254837009 + UMLS_CUI:C0006142 breast tumor malignant neoplasm of breast malignant tumor of the breast mammary cancer mammary tumor primary breast cancer - disease_ontology + disease_ontology mammary neoplasm - DOID:1612 + DOID:1612 - Xref MGI. + Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - breast cancer + breast cancer - A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. + A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary - url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastcancer.html + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary + url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastcancer.html @@ -1182,19 +1182,19 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. - ICD10CM:C80.1 - ICD9CM:199 - ICDO:8000/3 - MESH:D009369 - NCI:C9305 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269513004 - UMLS_CUI:C0006826 + A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. + ICD10CM:C80.1 + ICD9CM:199 + ICDO:8000/3 + MESH:D009369 + NCI:C9305 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269513004 + UMLS_CUI:C0006826 malignant neoplasm malignant tumor primary cancer - disease_ontology - DOID:162 + disease_ontology + DOID:162 @@ -1202,17 +1202,17 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - Updating out dated UMLS CUI. - cancer + Updating out dated UMLS CUI. + cancer - A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. + A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancer - url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=cancer + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancer + url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=cancer @@ -1221,41 +1221,41 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. - DOID:0000405 - DOID:2403 - DOID:2869 - DOID:324 - DOID:325 - DOID:45 - ICD10CM:I72.9 - ICD9CM:442.9 - MESH:D000783 - MESH:D014652 - MESH:D020758 - MESH:D020760 - NCI:C26693 - NCI:C35117 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:27550009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371029002 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:432119003 - UMLS_CUI:C0002940 - UMLS_CUI:C0042373 - UMLS_CUI:C0752127 - UMLS_CUI:C0752130 + A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. + DOID:0000405 + DOID:2403 + DOID:2869 + DOID:324 + DOID:325 + DOID:45 + ICD10CM:I72.9 + ICD9CM:442.9 + MESH:D000783 + MESH:D014652 + MESH:D020758 + MESH:D020760 + NCI:C26693 + NCI:C35117 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:27550009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371029002 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:432119003 + UMLS_CUI:C0002940 + UMLS_CUI:C0042373 + UMLS_CUI:C0752127 + UMLS_CUI:C0752130 vascular tissue disease - disease_ontology - DOID:178 + disease_ontology + DOID:178 - vascular disease + vascular disease - A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. + A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_disease @@ -1264,23 +1264,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. - MESH:D010493 - NCI:C34915 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:3238004 - UMLS_CUI:C0031046 - disease_ontology - DOID:1787 + A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. + MESH:D010493 + NCI:C34915 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:3238004 + UMLS_CUI:C0031046 + disease_ontology + DOID:1787 - pericarditis + pericarditis - A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. + A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis @@ -1289,33 +1289,33 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. - EFO:0000756 - ICDO:8720/3 - KEGG:05218 - MESH:D008545 - NCI:C3224 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:2092003 - UMLS_CUI:C0025202 + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. + EFO:0000756 + ICDO:8720/3 + KEGG:05218 + MESH:D008545 + NCI:C3224 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:2092003 + UMLS_CUI:C0025202 Naevocarcinoma malignant melanoma - disease_ontology - DOID:1909 + disease_ontology + DOID:1909 - melanoma - MESH:D008545 + melanoma + MESH:D008545 - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123420 + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123420 @@ -1324,19 +1324,19 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - EFO:0003914 - ICD10CM:I70 - ICD9CM:440 - MESH:D050197 - NCI:C35768 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155414001 - UMLS_CUI:C0004153 - disease_ontology - DOID:1936 + EFO:0003914 + ICD10CM:I70 + ICD9CM:440 + MESH:D050197 + NCI:C35768 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155414001 + UMLS_CUI:C0004153 + disease_ontology + DOID:1936 - atherosclerosis - MESH:D050197 + atherosclerosis + MESH:D050197 @@ -1345,28 +1345,28 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. - DOID:12884 - ICD10CM:F41.9 - MESH:D001008 - NCI:C2878 - OMIM:607834 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:65673007 - UMLS_CUI:C0003469 + A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. + DOID:12884 + ICD10CM:F41.9 + MESH:D001008 + NCI:C2878 + OMIM:607834 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:65673007 + UMLS_CUI:C0003469 anxiety anxiety state - disease_ontology - DOID:2030 + disease_ontology + DOID:2030 - anxiety disorder + anxiety disorder - A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. + A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. - url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml + url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml @@ -1375,34 +1375,34 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. - DOID:0060070 - DOID:2144 - DOID:9595 - GARD:7295 - ICD10CM:C56 - ICD9CM:183.0 - MESH:D010051 - NCI:C4984 - NCI:C7431 - OMIM:167000 - OMIM:607893 - ORDO:213500 - ORDO:213517 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:123843001 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:372117006 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93934004 - UMLS_CUI:C0919267 - UMLS_CUI:C1140680 - UMLS_CUI:C1299247 + A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. + DOID:0060070 + DOID:2144 + DOID:9595 + GARD:7295 + ICD10CM:C56 + ICD9CM:183.0 + MESH:D010051 + NCI:C4984 + NCI:C7431 + OMIM:167000 + OMIM:607893 + ORDO:213500 + ORDO:213517 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:123843001 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:372117006 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93934004 + UMLS_CUI:C0919267 + UMLS_CUI:C1140680 + UMLS_CUI:C1299247 malignant Ovarian tumor malignant tumour of ovary ovarian neoplasm ovary neoplasm primary ovarian cancer tumor of the Ovary - disease_ontology - DOID:2394 + disease_ontology + DOID:2394 @@ -1410,17 +1410,17 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - Xref MGI. + Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - ovarian cancer + ovarian cancer - A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. + A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=445074 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=445074 @@ -1429,15 +1429,15 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - MESH:D007499 - NCI:C34737 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:85478004 - UMLS_CUI:C0022078 - disease_ontology - DOID:240 + MESH:D007499 + NCI:C34737 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:85478004 + UMLS_CUI:C0022078 + disease_ontology + DOID:240 - iris disease + iris disease @@ -1446,22 +1446,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. - EFO:0000677 - ICD9CM:298.8 - UMLS_CUI:C0029516 + A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. + EFO:0000677 + ICD9CM:298.8 + UMLS_CUI:C0029516 mental or behavioural disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:2468 + disease_ontology + DOID:2468 - psychotic disorder + psychotic disorder - A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. + A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/psychoticdisorders.html + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/psychoticdisorders.html @@ -1470,22 +1470,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. - DOID:4275 - DOID:4276 - EFO:0004193 - ICDO:8090/3 - KEGG:05217 - MESH:D018295 - NCI:C156767 - NCI:C3784 - NCI:C7586 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127570002 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154507009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:252995000 - UMLS_CUI:C0007117 - UMLS_CUI:C0206710 - UMLS_CUI:C1368295 + A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. + DOID:4275 + DOID:4276 + EFO:0004193 + ICDO:8090/3 + KEGG:05217 + MESH:D018295 + NCI:C156767 + NCI:C3784 + NCI:C7586 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127570002 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154507009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:252995000 + UMLS_CUI:C0007117 + UMLS_CUI:C0206710 + UMLS_CUI:C1368295 Basal cell cancer Basal cell carcinoma of skin Basal cell neoplasm @@ -1494,20 +1494,20 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Rodent ulcer malignant Basal cell neoplasm malignant basal cell tumor - disease_ontology - DOID:2513 + disease_ontology + DOID:2513 - Xref MGI. - basal cell carcinoma + Xref MGI. + basal cell carcinoma - A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. + A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma @@ -1516,13 +1516,13 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. - DOID:1034 - DOID:2532 - MESH:D019337 - NCI:C27134 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414388001 - UMLS_CUI:C0376544 + An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. + DOID:1034 + DOID:2532 + MESH:D019337 + NCI:C27134 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414388001 + UMLS_CUI:C0376544 Hematologic malignancy Hematologic neoplasm Hematological tumors @@ -1532,25 +1532,25 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. hematopoietic neoplasm hematopoietic tumors malignant hematopoietic neoplasm - disease_ontology - DOID:2531 + disease_ontology + DOID:2531 - hematologic cancer + hematologic cancer - An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. + An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_cancer - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=45708 + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_cancer + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=45708 @@ -1559,23 +1559,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. - MESH:D002526 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:267691001 - UMLS_CUI:C0007760 - disease_ontology - DOID:2786 + A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. + MESH:D002526 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:267691001 + UMLS_CUI:C0007760 + disease_ontology + DOID:2786 - cerebellar disease + cerebellar disease - A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. + A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. - url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15377747 + url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15377747 @@ -1584,29 +1584,29 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. - ICD10CM:E34.9 - ICD9CM:259.9 - MESH:D004700 - NCI:C3009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:67432001 - UMLS_CUI:C0014130 - disease_ontology - DOID:28 + A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. + ICD10CM:E34.9 + ICD9CM:259.9 + MESH:D004700 + NCI:C3009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:67432001 + UMLS_CUI:C0014130 + disease_ontology + DOID:28 - endocrine system disease + endocrine system disease - A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. + A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system @@ -1615,26 +1615,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. - GARD:6516 - ICD10CM:N08 - MESH:D005921 - NCI:C26784 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:36171008 - UMLS_CUI:C0017658 - disease_ontology - DOID:2921 + A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. + GARD:6516 + ICD10CM:N08 + MESH:D005921 + NCI:C26784 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:36171008 + UMLS_CUI:C0017658 + disease_ontology + DOID:2921 - glomerulonephritis + glomerulonephritis - A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. + A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis - sn:IEDB + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis + sn:IEDB @@ -1643,27 +1643,27 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. - DOID:2157 - MESH:D009373 - NCI:C3708 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:302853003 - UMLS_CUI:C0205851 + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. + DOID:2157 + MESH:D009373 + NCI:C3708 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:302853003 + UMLS_CUI:C0205851 malignant tumor of the germ cell - disease_ontology + disease_ontology germ cell neoplasm germ cell tumour - DOID:2994 + DOID:2994 - germ cell cancer + germ cell cancer - A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. + A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor @@ -1672,21 +1672,21 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. - MESH:D019966 - NCI:C92203 - UMLS_CUI:C0236969 - disease_ontology - DOID:303 + A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. + MESH:D019966 + NCI:C92203 + UMLS_CUI:C0236969 + disease_ontology + DOID:303 - substance-related disorder + substance-related disorder - A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. - url:https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/substance-related-disorders + A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. + url:https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/substance-related-disorders @@ -1695,32 +1695,32 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. - DOID:11500 - DOID:6144 - EFO:0000341 - ICD10CM:J44.9 - MESH:D029424 - NCI:C3199 - OMIM:606963 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:13645005 - UMLS_CUI:C0024117 + An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. + DOID:11500 + DOID:6144 + EFO:0000341 + ICD10CM:J44.9 + MESH:D029424 + NCI:C3199 + OMIM:606963 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:13645005 + UMLS_CUI:C0024117 COLD COPD chronic obstructive airway disease chronic obstructive lung disease - disease_ontology - DOID:3083 + disease_ontology + DOID:3083 - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. - url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28513453/ - url:https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd + An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. + url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28513453/ + url:https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd @@ -1729,57 +1729,57 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. - DOID:10506 - DOID:3363 - DOID:3394 - DOID:9420 - EFO:0001645 - ICD10CM:I20-I25 - ICD10CM:I25 - ICD10CM:I25.10 - ICD9CM:410-414.99 - ICD9CM:414.0 - ICD9CM:414.9 - MESH:D003324 - MESH:D003327 - MESH:D017202 - NCI:C35505 - NCI:C50625 - OMIM:300464 - OMIM:607339 - OMIM:608316 - OMIM:608318 - OMIM:608320 - OMIM:610947 - OMIM:611139 - OMIM:612030 - OMIM:614293 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194852007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:233822007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41702007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:53741008 - UMLS_CUI:C0010054 - UMLS_CUI:C0010068 - UMLS_CUI:C0151744 - UMLS_CUI:C0264694 + An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. + DOID:10506 + DOID:3363 + DOID:3394 + DOID:9420 + EFO:0001645 + ICD10CM:I20-I25 + ICD10CM:I25 + ICD10CM:I25.10 + ICD9CM:410-414.99 + ICD9CM:414.0 + ICD9CM:414.9 + MESH:D003324 + MESH:D003327 + MESH:D017202 + NCI:C35505 + NCI:C50625 + OMIM:300464 + OMIM:607339 + OMIM:608316 + OMIM:608318 + OMIM:608320 + OMIM:610947 + OMIM:611139 + OMIM:612030 + OMIM:614293 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194852007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:233822007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41702007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:53741008 + UMLS_CUI:C0010054 + UMLS_CUI:C0010068 + UMLS_CUI:C0151744 + UMLS_CUI:C0264694 CHD Coronary disease coronary arteriosclerosis coronary heart disease - disease_ontology - DOID:3393 + disease_ontology + DOID:3393 - Xref MGI. - coronary artery disease + Xref MGI. + coronary artery disease - An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. + An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease @@ -1788,22 +1788,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. - NCI:C4914 - UMLS_CUI:C0699893 + A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. + NCI:C4914 + UMLS_CUI:C0699893 carcinoma of skin - disease_ontology - DOID:3451 + disease_ontology + DOID:3451 - skin carcinoma + skin carcinoma - A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. + A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/skin + url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/skin @@ -1812,26 +1812,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. - DOID:12300 - DOID:269 - DOID:7330 - DOID:915 - DOID:919 - ICD10CM:C22.0 - ICD10CM:C22.9 - ICD9CM:155.0 - ICD9CM:155.2 - MESH:D008113 - NCI:C34803 - NCI:C7692 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126851005 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187771009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93870000 - UMLS_CUI:C0023903 - UMLS_CUI:C0024620 - UMLS_CUI:C0345904 - UMLS_CUI:C0854795 + A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. + DOID:12300 + DOID:269 + DOID:7330 + DOID:915 + DOID:919 + ICD10CM:C22.0 + ICD10CM:C22.9 + ICD9CM:155.0 + ICD9CM:155.2 + MESH:D008113 + NCI:C34803 + NCI:C7692 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126851005 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187771009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93870000 + UMLS_CUI:C0023903 + UMLS_CUI:C0024620 + UMLS_CUI:C0345904 + UMLS_CUI:C0854795 Ca liver - primary Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver ca liver - primary @@ -1848,21 +1848,21 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. primary malignant neoplasm of Liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver - disease_ontology - DOID:3571 + disease_ontology + DOID:3571 - liver cancer + liver cancer - A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. + A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver @@ -1871,37 +1871,37 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. - DOID:1576 - DOID:1698 - DOID:187 - DOID:6486 - DOID:8948 - ICD9CM:702 - MESH:D012871 - MESH:D012873 - NCI:C156032 - NCI:C3371 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:201095006 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:5613003 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95320005 - UMLS_CUI:C0029574 - UMLS_CUI:C0037274 - UMLS_CUI:C0037277 + An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. + DOID:1576 + DOID:1698 + DOID:187 + DOID:6486 + DOID:8948 + ICD9CM:702 + MESH:D012871 + MESH:D012873 + NCI:C156032 + NCI:C3371 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:201095006 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:5613003 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95320005 + UMLS_CUI:C0029574 + UMLS_CUI:C0037274 + UMLS_CUI:C0037277 Genodermatosis skin and subcutaneous tissue disease - disease_ontology - DOID:37 + disease_ontology + DOID:37 - skin disease + skin disease - An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. + An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_disease @@ -1909,23 +1909,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. - MESH:D004194 - NCI:C2991 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64572001 - UMLS_CUI:C0012634 - disease_ontology - DOID:4 + A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. + MESH:D004194 + NCI:C2991 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64572001 + UMLS_CUI:C0012634 + disease_ontology + DOID:4 - disease + disease - A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. + A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041577/ + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041577/ @@ -1934,23 +1934,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. - MESH:D009059 - NCI:C27641 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118938008 - UMLS_CUI:C0026636 - disease_ontology - DOID:403 + A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. + MESH:D009059 + NCI:C27641 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118938008 + UMLS_CUI:C0026636 + disease_ontology + DOID:403 - mouth disease + mouth disease - A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. + A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology @@ -1959,28 +1959,28 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). - DOID:989 - MESH:D006349 - MESH:D016127 - NCI:C45525 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:368009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:398995000 - UMLS_CUI:C0018824 - UMLS_CUI:C0079485 + A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). + DOID:989 + MESH:D006349 + MESH:D016127 + NCI:C45525 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:368009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:398995000 + UMLS_CUI:C0018824 + UMLS_CUI:C0079485 Valvular heart disease - disease_ontology - DOID:4079 + disease_ontology + DOID:4079 - heart valve disease + heart valve disease - A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). + A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve_disease @@ -1989,22 +1989,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - DOID:2164 - DOID:2165 - DOID:46 - ICD10CM:K76.9 - ICD9CM:573.9 - MESH:D008107 - NCI:C3196 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:62857009 - UMLS_CUI:C0023895 + DOID:2164 + DOID:2165 + DOID:46 + ICD10CM:K76.9 + ICD9CM:573.9 + MESH:D008107 + NCI:C3196 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:62857009 + UMLS_CUI:C0023895 disorder of liver hepatic disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:409 + disease_ontology + DOID:409 - liver disease + liver disease @@ -2013,34 +2013,34 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. - DOID:10133 - DOID:144 - ICD10CM:F45 - ICD10CM:F45.0 - ICD9CM:300.8 - ICD9CM:300.81 - MESH:D013001 - NCI:C34956 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:192430009 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:60368009 - UMLS_CUI:C0037650 - UMLS_CUI:C0520482 + A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. + DOID:10133 + DOID:144 + ICD10CM:F45 + ICD10CM:F45.0 + ICD9CM:300.8 + ICD9CM:300.81 + MESH:D013001 + NCI:C34956 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:192430009 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:60368009 + UMLS_CUI:C0037650 + UMLS_CUI:C0520482 physiological malfunction arising from mental factor psychophysiologic disorder psychosomatic disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:4737 + disease_ontology + DOID:4737 - somatoform disorder + somatoform disorder - A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. + A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder @@ -2049,16 +2049,16 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - MESH:D001855 - NCI:C34433 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127035006 - UMLS_CUI:C0005956 + MESH:D001855 + NCI:C34433 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127035006 + UMLS_CUI:C0005956 bone marrow disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:4961 + disease_ontology + DOID:4961 - bone marrow disease + bone marrow disease @@ -2067,40 +2067,40 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. - DOID:10291 - DOID:10292 - DOID:10448 - DOID:1102 - DOID:1104 - GARD:6383 - ICD10CM:C15.3 - ICD10CM:C15.4 - ICD10CM:C15.5 - ICD9CM:150.2 - ICD9CM:150.3 - ICD9CM:150.4 - ICD9CM:150.5 - ICD9CM:150.8 - MESH:D004938 - NCI:C3028 - NCI:C3533 - NCI:C3534 - NCI:C3535 - NCI:C4764 - OMIM:133239 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126817006 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187729008 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93656003 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93877002 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93895004 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94119000 - UMLS_CUI:C0014859 - UMLS_CUI:C0153413 - UMLS_CUI:C0153414 - UMLS_CUI:C0153415 - UMLS_CUI:C0153416 - UMLS_CUI:C0496775 + A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. + DOID:10291 + DOID:10292 + DOID:10448 + DOID:1102 + DOID:1104 + GARD:6383 + ICD10CM:C15.3 + ICD10CM:C15.4 + ICD10CM:C15.5 + ICD9CM:150.2 + ICD9CM:150.3 + ICD9CM:150.4 + ICD9CM:150.5 + ICD9CM:150.8 + MESH:D004938 + NCI:C3028 + NCI:C3533 + NCI:C3534 + NCI:C3535 + NCI:C4764 + OMIM:133239 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126817006 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187729008 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93656003 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93877002 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93895004 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94119000 + UMLS_CUI:C0014859 + UMLS_CUI:C0153413 + UMLS_CUI:C0153414 + UMLS_CUI:C0153415 + UMLS_CUI:C0153416 + UMLS_CUI:C0496775 Ca lower third oesophagus Ca middle third oesophagus esophagus cancer @@ -2113,22 +2113,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. malignant tumor of Proximal Third of esophagus malignant tumor of abdominal esophagus malignant tumor of the middle Third of the esophagus - disease_ontology - DOID:5041 + disease_ontology + DOID:5041 - esophageal cancer + esophageal cancer - A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. + A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. - url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus + url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus @@ -2137,23 +2137,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. - DOID:9028 - ICD9CM:307.4 - UMLS_CUI:C0154564 + A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. + DOID:9028 + ICD9CM:307.4 + UMLS_CUI:C0154564 Non-organic sleep disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:535 + disease_ontology + DOID:535 - sleep disorder + sleep disorder - A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. + A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder @@ -2162,22 +2162,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A intestinal disease located in the colon. - DOID:10758 - MESH:D003108 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128524007 - UMLS_CUI:C0009373 + A intestinal disease located in the colon. + DOID:10758 + MESH:D003108 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128524007 + UMLS_CUI:C0009373 colon disorder - disease_ontology - DOID:5353 + disease_ontology + DOID:5353 - colonic disease + colonic disease - A intestinal disease located in the colon. - url:https://www.nature.com/subjects/colonic-diseases + A intestinal disease located in the colon. + url:https://www.nature.com/subjects/colonic-diseases @@ -2186,29 +2186,29 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. - DOID:11705 - EFO:0003086 - ICD10CM:N08 - MESH:D007674 - NCI:C3149 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266612003 - UMLS_CUI:C0022658 - impaired renal function disease + A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. + DOID:11705 + EFO:0003086 + ICD10CM:N08 + MESH:D007674 + NCI:C3149 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266612003 + UMLS_CUI:C0022658 nephropathy - disease_ontology - DOID:557 + impaired renal function disease + disease_ontology + DOID:557 - kidney disease + kidney disease - A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. + A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneydiseases.html + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneydiseases.html @@ -2217,27 +2217,27 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. - DOID:2933 - ICD10CM:H44 - ICD9CM:379.90 - MESH:D005128 - NCI:C26767 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371409005 - UMLS_CUI:C0015397 - disease_ontology - DOID:5614 + An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. + DOID:2933 + ICD10CM:H44 + ICD9CM:379.90 + MESH:D005128 + NCI:C26767 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371409005 + UMLS_CUI:C0015397 + disease_ontology + DOID:5614 - eye disease + eye disease - An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. + An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_disease + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_disease @@ -2246,23 +2246,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. - NCI:C9294 - UMLS_CUI:C1334030 + A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. + NCI:C9294 + UMLS_CUI:C1334030 histiocytic and dendritic cell - disease_ontology - DOID:5621 + disease_ontology + DOID:5621 - histiocytic and dendritic cell cancer + histiocytic and dendritic cell cancer - A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. + A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. - url:http://www.springerlink.com/content/h9wrn7p72x26q035/ + url:http://www.springerlink.com/content/h9wrn7p72x26q035/ @@ -2271,25 +2271,25 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - DOID:12757 - ICD10CM:C69.1 - ICD9CM:190.4 - NCI:C3565 - NCI:C4361 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126997008 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93766000 - UMLS_CUI:C0153629 - UMLS_CUI:C0339304 + DOID:12757 + ICD10CM:C69.1 + ICD9CM:190.4 + NCI:C3565 + NCI:C4361 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126997008 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93766000 + UMLS_CUI:C0153629 + UMLS_CUI:C0339304 Corneal tumor malignant Corneal tumor malignant neoplasm of cornea malignant tumor of cornea neoplasm of cornea - disease_ontology - DOID:6199 + disease_ontology + DOID:6199 - cornea cancer + cornea cancer @@ -2298,24 +2298,24 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. - MESH:D030342 - NCI:C3101 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:32895009 - UMLS_CUI:C0019247 - disease_ontology - DOID:630 + A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. + MESH:D030342 + NCI:C3101 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:32895009 + UMLS_CUI:C0019247 + disease_ontology + DOID:630 - genetic disease + genetic disease - A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. + A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. - url:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ + url:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ @@ -2324,33 +2324,33 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. - DOID:2655 - ICDO:8140/0 - MESH:D000236 - NCI:C2855 - NCI:C4196 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443416007 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:79041005 - UMLS_CUI:C0001430 - UMLS_CUI:C0334389 + A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. + DOID:2655 + ICDO:8140/0 + MESH:D000236 + NCI:C2855 + NCI:C4196 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443416007 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:79041005 + UMLS_CUI:C0001430 + UMLS_CUI:C0334389 acinar cell adenoma acinic cell adenoma adenomas - disease_ontology - DOID:657 + disease_ontology + DOID:657 - adenoma - MESH:D000236 + adenoma + MESH:D000236 - A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. + A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. - url:http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossaries/g/Adenoma.htm - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoma + url:http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossaries/g/Adenoma.htm + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoma @@ -2359,24 +2359,24 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. - DOID:1 - DOID:2 - DOID:5 - DOID:71 - DOID:72 - DOID:8 - disease_ontology - DOID:7 + A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. + DOID:1 + DOID:2 + DOID:5 + DOID:71 + DOID:72 + DOID:8 + disease_ontology + DOID:7 - disease of anatomical entity + disease of anatomical entity - A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. + A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. - url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=anatomic + url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=anatomic @@ -2385,10 +2385,10 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. - MESH:D008206 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266326002 - UMLS_CUI:C0024228 + An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. + MESH:D008206 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266326002 + UMLS_CUI:C0024228 Adenopathy Lymphangiopathy Lymphatic disease @@ -2399,19 +2399,19 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disorder of lymphoid system lymphatic disorder lympoid system disease - disease_ontology - DOID:75 + disease_ontology + DOID:75 - lymphatic system disease + lymphatic system disease - An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. + An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_disease - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphaticdiseases.html + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_disease + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphaticdiseases.html @@ -2420,22 +2420,22 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A leukemia that occurs in children. - NCI:C4989 - UMLS_CUI:C1332977 - disease_ontology - DOID:7757 + A leukemia that occurs in children. + NCI:C4989 + UMLS_CUI:C1332977 + disease_ontology + DOID:7757 - childhood leukemia + childhood leukemia - A leukemia that occurs in children. + A leukemia that occurs in children. - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemiachildhood.html + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemiachildhood.html @@ -2444,28 +2444,28 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. - ICD10CM:H26 - ICD9CM:366.8 - OMIM:601371 - OMIM:PS116200 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:193620000 - UMLS_CUI:C0029531 - disease_ontology - DOID:83 + A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. + ICD10CM:H26 + ICD9CM:366.8 + OMIM:601371 + OMIM:PS116200 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:193620000 + UMLS_CUI:C0029531 + disease_ontology + DOID:83 - Xref MGI. - cataract - MESH:D002386 + Xref MGI. + cataract + MESH:D002386 - A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. + A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract - url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10414631 + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract + url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10414631 @@ -2474,31 +2474,31 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. - DOID:11894 - DOID:11895 - DOID:29 - DOID:766 - ICD10CM:J98.4 - MESH:D008171 - NCI:C3198 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266374002 - UMLS_CUI:C0024115 - disease_ontology - DOID:850 + A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. + DOID:11894 + DOID:11895 + DOID:29 + DOID:766 + ICD10CM:J98.4 + MESH:D008171 + NCI:C3198 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266374002 + UMLS_CUI:C0024115 + disease_ontology + DOID:850 - Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym. - lung disease + Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym. + lung disease - A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. + A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. - url:http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/lung-disease/index.cfm - url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000066.htm + url:http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/lung-disease/index.cfm + url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000066.htm @@ -2507,18 +2507,18 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. - DOID:8551 - DOID:8606 - EFO:0000339 - GARD:6105 - ICD9CM:205.1 - ICDO:9863/3 - KEGG:05220 - OMIM:608232 - ORDO:521 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154592009 - UMLS_CUI:C0023473 + A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. + DOID:8551 + DOID:8606 + EFO:0000339 + GARD:6105 + ICD9CM:205.1 + ICDO:9863/3 + KEGG:05220 + OMIM:608232 + ORDO:521 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154592009 + UMLS_CUI:C0023473 CML CML - chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Leukemia, chronic @@ -2527,21 +2527,21 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. chronic myelogenous leukaemia chronic myelogenous leukemia chronic myeloid leukaemia - disease_ontology - DOID:8552 + disease_ontology + DOID:8552 - OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - chronic myeloid leukemia + OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. + chronic myeloid leukemia - A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. + A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46755 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46755 @@ -2550,38 +2550,38 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. - DOID:8878 - DOID:8879 - DOID:8910 - DOID:9066 - DOID:9126 - GARD:8226 - ICD10CM:C92 - ICD9CM:205 - ICDO:9860/3 - MESH:D007951 - NCI:C3172 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269631008 - UMLS_CUI:C0023470 + A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. + DOID:8878 + DOID:8879 + DOID:8910 + DOID:9066 + DOID:9126 + GARD:8226 + ICD10CM:C92 + ICD9CM:205 + ICDO:9860/3 + MESH:D007951 + NCI:C3172 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269631008 + UMLS_CUI:C0023470 Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia leukaemia myelogenous leukemia myelogenous myeloid granulocytic leukaemia myeloid granulocytic leukemia myeloid leukaemia - disease_ontology - DOID:8692 + disease_ontology + DOID:8692 - myeloid leukemia + myeloid leukemia - A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. + A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid_leukemia + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid_leukemia @@ -2590,27 +2590,27 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. - DOID:8793 - DOID:8821 - ICD10CM:D09.9 - ICD9CM:230-234.99 - MESH:D002278 - NCI:C2917 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:109355002 - UMLS_CUI:C0007099 - disease_ontology - DOID:8719 + A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. + DOID:8793 + DOID:8821 + ICD10CM:D09.9 + ICD9CM:230-234.99 + MESH:D002278 + NCI:C2917 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:109355002 + UMLS_CUI:C0007099 + disease_ontology + DOID:8719 - in situ carcinoma + in situ carcinoma - A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. + A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma_in_situ + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma_in_situ @@ -2619,31 +2619,31 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. - DOID:9009 - GARD:524 - ICD10CM:C94.2 - ICD9CM:207.2 + An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. + DOID:9009 ICDO:9910/3 - MESH:D007947 - NCI:C3170 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52220008 - UMLS_CUI:C0023462 + GARD:524 + ICD10CM:C94.2 + ICD9CM:207.2 + MESH:D007947 + NCI:C3170 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52220008 + UMLS_CUI:C0023462 Megakaryocytic myelosis Thrombocytic leukaemia - disease_ontology - DOID:8761 + disease_ontology + DOID:8761 - acute megakaryocytic leukemia + acute megakaryocytic leukemia - An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. - url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_megakaryoblastic_leukemia - url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228843/ - url:https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-AMLM7.pdf + An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. + url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_megakaryoblastic_leukemia + url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228843/ + url:https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-AMLM7.pdf @@ -2652,19 +2652,19 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. - DOID:9118 - DOID:9171 - GARD:12757 - ICD10CM:C92.0 - ICD9CM:205.0 - ICDO:9861/3 - KEGG:05221 - MESH:D015470 - NCI:C3171 - OMIM:601626 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:91861009 - UMLS_CUI:C0023467 + A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. + DOID:9118 + DOID:9171 + GARD:12757 + ICD10CM:C92.0 + ICD9CM:205.0 + ICDO:9861/3 + KEGG:05221 + MESH:D015470 + NCI:C3171 + OMIM:601626 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:91861009 + UMLS_CUI:C0023467 AML - acute Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia, Myelocytic, acute acute myeloblastic leukaemia @@ -2672,26 +2672,26 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. acute myelogenous leukaemia acute myelogenous leukemia acute myeloid leukaemia - disease_ontology - DOID:9119 + disease_ontology + DOID:9119 - OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - acute myeloid leukemia + OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. + acute myeloid leukemia - A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. + A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. - url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/acutemyeloidleukemia - url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=44363 - url:https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html + url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/acutemyeloidleukemia + url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=44363 + url:https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html @@ -2700,34 +2700,34 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. - ICD10CM:C18.9 - KEGG:05210 - MESH:D015179 - NCI:C2956 - NCI:C4978 - OMIM:114500 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126837005 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93854002 - UMLS_CUI:C0009404 - UMLS_CUI:C0346629 - disease_ontology - DOID:9256 + A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. + ICD10CM:C18.9 + KEGG:05210 + MESH:D015179 + NCI:C2956 + NCI:C4978 + OMIM:114500 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126837005 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93854002 + UMLS_CUI:C0009404 + UMLS_CUI:C0346629 + disease_ontology + DOID:9256 - Xref MGI. + Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - colorectal cancer + colorectal cancer - A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. + A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=444983 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=444983 @@ -2736,23 +2736,23 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. - ICD10CM:K12.1 - MESH:D013280 - NCI:C26887 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95361005 - UMLS_CUI:C0038362 - disease_ontology - DOID:9637 + A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. + ICD10CM:K12.1 + MESH:D013280 + NCI:C26887 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95361005 + UMLS_CUI:C0038362 + disease_ontology + DOID:9637 - stomatitis + stomatitis - A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. - url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatitis + A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. + url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatitis @@ -2761,44 +2761,44 @@ OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. - A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. - DOID:5600 - EFO:0000220 - GARD:522 - ICD10CM:C91.00 - ICD9CM:204.0 - NCI:C3167 - NCI:C7055 - OMIM:247640 - OMIM:613065 - ORDO:513 - SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128822004 - UMLS_CUI:C0023449 - UMLS_CUI:C1335469 - ALL + A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. + DOID:5600 + EFO:0000220 + GARD:522 + ICD10CM:C91.00 + ICD9CM:204.0 + NCI:C3167 + NCI:C7055 + OMIM:247640 + OMIM:613065 + ORDO:513 + SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128822004 + UMLS_CUI:C0023449 + UMLS_CUI:C1335469 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia acute lymphocytic leukaemia - precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia - disease_ontology - DOID:9952 + ALL + precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia + disease_ontology + DOID:9952 - Xref MGI. - acute lymphoblastic leukemia + Xref MGI. + acute lymphoblastic leukemia - A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. + A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. - url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46332 + url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46332 - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/efo_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/efo_import.owl index cd5080a..77fcb9c 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/efo_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/efo_import.owl @@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:chebi="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#3" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:ubprop="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ubprop#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#" xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#"> - - 2022-10-05 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -92,6 +93,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -148,6 +155,14 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -164,9 +179,9 @@ - + - + @@ -180,9 +195,17 @@ - + - + + + + + + + + + @@ -196,6 +219,14 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -228,9 +259,9 @@ - + - + @@ -269,12 +300,6 @@ - - - - - - @@ -325,12 +350,6 @@ - - - - - - @@ -452,32 +471,19 @@ - is part of is part of - my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) - my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) - this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) - For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) - a core relation that holds between a part and its whole a core relation that holds between a part and its whole - Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. + For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime - Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) - -A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. - part_of part_of - - @@ -488,14 +494,9 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/part_of BFO:0000050 - OBO_REL:part_of part of external - human_stages_ontology - plant_ontology - protein quality - relationship spatial uberon part_of @@ -505,11 +506,12 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An part_of EFO_0000822 - part of part of + part of part_of + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of @@ -547,8 +549,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - has_specified_input has_specified_input + has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage The inverse property of is_specified_input_of @@ -559,8 +561,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An PERSON: Melanie Coutot http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/has_input - has_input has_specified_input + has_input @@ -577,8 +579,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/is_input_of - is_input_of is_specified_input_of + is_input_of @@ -587,8 +589,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - has_specified_output has_specified_output + has_specified_output The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg @@ -596,8 +598,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot - has_output has_specified_output + has_output @@ -607,8 +609,6 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - - inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase @@ -621,16 +621,13 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000829 RO:0000052 - fly_anatomy.ontology - characteristic_of inheres_in characteristic_of inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of - characteristic_of - inheres in inheres in + inheres in inheres_in @@ -825,16 +822,19 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - A drug, solvent, chemical, etc., with a property that can be measured such as concentration. - A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. - James Malone - Tomasz Adamusiak - true - chemical compound - heteroatomic molecular entities - heteroatomic molecular entity + A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. + chemical entity + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24431 + chemical entity + + + + chemical entity + UniProt + @@ -843,9 +843,18 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. - Helen Parkinson + chebi_ontology + biological function + CHEBI:24432 + biological role + + + + biological function + ChEBI + @@ -853,18 +862,97 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An + A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. + CHEBI:22671 + CHEBI:23907 MeSH:D004602 NCIt:C1940 NCIt:C48792 SNOMEDCT:290004009 atom - atome - atomo - atoms - atomus - elements - element + chebi_ontology + atome + atomo + atoms + atomus + element + elements + CHEBI:33250 + + atom + + + + atomus + ChEBI + + + + + element + ChEBI + + + + + elements + ChEBI + + + + + atom + IUPAC + + + + + + atome + IUPAC + + + + + atomo + IUPAC + + + + + atoms + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. + CHEBI:13677 + CHEBI:14911 + MO:683 + MeSH:D011506 + NCIt:C17021 + PRO:000000001 + SNOMEDCT:88878007 + proteins + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36080 + + protein + + + + + proteins + IUPAC + + @@ -883,11 +971,10 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - The role of a chemical to be an anti-inflammatory drug. A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. - James Malone - http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001815 - http://purl.org/obo/owl/CHEBI#CHEBI_51086 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51086 + chemical role @@ -943,31 +1030,114 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - -The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. - - The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. - + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729 GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 + cell or subcellular entity cellular component - cellular_component - cellular component unknown cellular_component + subcellular entity GO:0005575 - - + - - -Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. - - cellular component + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + cellular_component + + + + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). + GOC:pdt + + + + + subcellular entity + NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 + + + + + + + + + A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776 + NCIt:C28217 + SNOMEDCT:83167003 + Wikipedia:Intracellular + internal to cell + intracellular + protoplasm + cellular_component + nucleocytoplasm + protoplast + GO:0005622 + + + + + intracellular anatomical structure + + + + + A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + nucleocytoplasm + GOC:mah + + + + + protoplast + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023 + MeSH:D003593 + NCIt:C13226 + Wikipedia:Cytoplasm + cellular_component + GO:0005737 + + + + + + + + cytoplasm + + + + + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + ISBN:0198547684 + @@ -975,48 +1145,87 @@ Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, t - Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. - - The activities of living organisms that support life in single- or multi-cellular organisms from their origin through the progression of life. - + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 + jl + 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 + GO:0044699 GO:0008150 MeSH:D055705 NCIt:C17828 Wikipedia:Biological_process - Physiological Processes biological process - biological_process physiological process - biological process unknown biological_process + single organism process + single-organism process GO:0008150 - - + - - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. - - biological process + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + biological_process + + + + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + GOC:pdt + - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. true GO:0009314 + response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus + response to radiation stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009314 + Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. response to radiation + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. + GOC:jl + Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572 + response to abiotic stress + biological_process + GO:0009628 + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to abiotic stimulus + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. + GOC:hb + @@ -1024,99 +1233,31 @@ Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, t - -Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - - + Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + jl + 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 + GO:0044763 GO:0050875 NCIt:C20480 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process + single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 - + - + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. - - - NCIt:C34070 - cellular_component - protoplast - GO:0044464 - - - - -Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - - cell part - - - - - - - - - -A biological process that involves only one organism. - - - janelomax - 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z - single organism process - biological_process - GO:0044699 - single-organism process - - - - - - - - - - -Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. - - - janelomax - 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z - biological_process - GO:0044763 - single-organism cellular process - + + + + Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + @@ -1124,47 +1265,51 @@ Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single - -Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. - - Helen Parkinson - + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 GO:0050896 SNOMEDCT:248237001 physiological response to stimulus - response to treatment biological_process GO:0050896 + + + - - -Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. + GOC:ai + GOC:bf + - + - -Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. - - + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. biological_process GO:0051716 - - -Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. + GOC:bf + GOC:jl + @@ -1408,12 +1553,12 @@ Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct population PMID12564891. Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jan 15;37(2):223-8. Effects of historic PCB exposures on the reproductive success of the Hudson River striped bass population. - A population is a group of material entities consisting of individuals which share a particular characteristic such as inhabiting a particular region or area or ability to interbreed. a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area + A population is a group of material entities consisting of individuals which share a particular characteristic such as inhabiting a particular region or area or ability to interbreed. 1/28/2013, BP, on the call it was raised that we may want to switch to an external ontology for all populatin terms: http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ - James Malone modified from original OBI definition PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra + James Malone modified from original OBI definition Tomasz Adamusiak modified from original OBI definition adapted from Oxford English Dictionnary rem1: collection somehow always involve a selection process @@ -1422,8 +1567,8 @@ http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ MeSH:D011153 NIFSTD:sao2254405550 SNOMEDCT:385436007 - population population + population @@ -1438,9 +1583,9 @@ http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. A protocol is an information entity which is a set of instructions that describe an how an experiment is done. a protocol is a plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between domain experts, so that different domain experts will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. + PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch James Malone Jie Zheng - PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch Tomasz Adamusiak OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) study protocol @@ -1452,8 +1597,8 @@ http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ method method used in an experiment plan specification - protocol protocol + protocol @@ -1463,14 +1608,14 @@ http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ organism - Drosophila melanogaster animal fungus plant virus + Drosophila melanogaster - A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. + A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. E.g Drosophila melanogaster 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: @@ -1488,8 +1633,27 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. NIFSTD:birnlex_376 SNOMEDCT:410607006 species - organism organism + organism + + + + + + + + + A quality which inheres in an process. + PATO:0001239 + PATO:0001240 + quality of a process + quality of occurrent + quality of process + relational quality of occurrent + quality + PATO:0001236 + See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. + process quality @@ -1504,6 +1668,19 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. + + + + + A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. + SO editors + NCIt:C16612 + SNOMEDCT:67271001 + gene + + + + @@ -1559,6 +1736,18 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. + + + + + Jon Ison + http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004377 + microeinstein per second and square meter + microeinstein per square meter per second + + + + @@ -1737,6 +1926,16 @@ Dorso-ventral vaginal septa is observed in some BALB/cJ females, and may contrib + + + + + Anatomical structure which has as its parts one or more ordered aggregates of nucleotide, amino acid fatty acid or sugar molecules bonded to one another. + biological macromolecule + + + + @@ -1744,6 +1943,7 @@ Dorso-ventral vaginal septa is observed in some BALB/cJ females, and may contrib The original group of Swiss mice that served as progenitors of this stock consisted of two male and seven female albino mice derived from a non-inbred stock in the laboratory of Dr. de Coulon, Centre Anticancereux Romand, Lausanne, Switzerland. http://www.criver.com/en-US/ProdServ/ByType/ResModOver/ResMod/Pages/CD-1Mouse.aspx CD-1 mus + Crl:CD1(ICR) CD1 mus strain @@ -1752,12 +1952,13 @@ Dorso-ventral vaginal septa is observed in some BALB/cJ females, and may contrib - + Inbred Strain TJL Mating System: Sibling x Sibling (Female x Male) Species: laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype: d Generation: F219p (14-DEC-06) Appearance: dilute brown Related Genotype: a/a Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b Myo5ad/Myo5ad Important Note This strain is homozygous for Cdh23ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss that is already severe by 3 months of age. Strain Description DBA/2J is a widely used inbred strain that is valuable in a wide number of research areas including cardiovascular biology, neurobiology, and sensorineural research. James Malone Beck, J.A., et al., Genealogies of mouse inbred strains (2000), Nature, Jan2000, v24, p23 D2 D2J + DBA/2 DBA2 DBA/2J @@ -1844,6 +2045,7 @@ Wild-derived mice are genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a num Watkins Star Line B (WSB) was derived from wild mice trapped in Eastern Shore, Maryland. WSB is characterized by a distinct and consistent white head blaze, variable ventral spotting and a slight coat dilution on the agouti background. The variation in pigment is the result of the spontaneous mutation blaze (Kitlblz).Wild-derived mice are genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a number of complex phenotypic characteristics and are valuable tools for genetic mapping, evolution and systematics research. Sirarat Sarntivijai https://www.jax.org/strain/001145 + WSB WSB/EiJ @@ -1884,7 +2086,7 @@ Wild-derived mice are genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a num - + CBA/J inbred mice are widely used as a general purpose strain. CBA/J strain is the only CBA substrain that carries the Pde6brd1 mutation, which causes blindness by wean age. CBA/J mice are not histocompatible with the CBA/CaJ (Stock No. 000654) substrain (Green and Kaufer, 1965). The CBA/J inbred mouse strain is used to study granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT), are relatively resistant to diet-induced atherosclerosis (Paigen et al. 1990), and develop a mild hearing loss late in life, with most of the hearing loss occurring in the higher frequencies (Sweet et al. 1988). Renal tubulointerstitial lesions have been observed in this strain at a high frequency (Rudofsky 1978). Some CBA/J mice spontaneously develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency syndrome (Eppig and Leiter 1977, Leiter et al. 1977). @@ -1940,9 +2142,40 @@ The CBA/J inbred mouse strain is used to study granulomatous experimental autoim C57BL/6JxCAST/EiJ + + + + + + + + Inbred Strain. + Zoe May Pendlington + 2023-11-02T09:06:58Z + MGI:2159849 + TGEMO:00019 + DBA + + + + + + + + + Strain family. + Zoe May Pendlington + 2023-11-02T09:09:47Z + MGI:2159850 + TGEMO:00108 + C + CB + XXXIX + CBA + - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/envo_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/envo_import.owl index dbe7295..27d030a 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/envo_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/envo_import.owl @@ -9,15 +9,18 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:envo="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo#" - xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" + xmlns:swrla="http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#" + xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:subsets="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/subsets#" xmlns:taxslim="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - 2022-10-05 + + 2024-02-08 @@ -65,7 +68,9 @@ - + + editor note + @@ -137,6 +142,48 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL + is a defining property chain axiom + + + + + + + + If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. + is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -329,6 +376,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -347,6 +400,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -431,21 +490,27 @@ - + - + - + - + + + + + + + - + - + @@ -472,7 +537,7 @@ this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime + Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. @@ -508,7 +573,7 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime + Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. @@ -525,6 +590,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering @@ -542,6 +610,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role @@ -558,6 +628,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + + preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. @@ -574,6 +652,13 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. @@ -585,6 +670,17 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + + + + + occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in @@ -623,6 +719,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. + derives from part of + + + + @@ -638,7 +743,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO - cjm + 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates @@ -649,14 +754,16 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + inheres in - this fragility inheres in this vase - this red color inheres in this apple - a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence - A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. + this fragility is a characteristic of this vase + this red color is a characteristic of this apple + a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in - inheres in + Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. + characteristic of @@ -664,15 +771,17 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility - a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of - bearer of + has characteristic @@ -680,6 +789,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process @@ -694,6 +806,17 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + + + + + has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator @@ -707,10 +830,75 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme + a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. + function_of + is function of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. + function of + + + + + + + + + + this red color is a quality of this apple + a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. + is quality of + quality_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. + quality of + + + + + + + + + + this investigator role is a role of this person + a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. + is role of + role_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. + role of + + + + + + + + + + + this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) + a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. + has_function + has function + + + + + this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. @@ -724,6 +912,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. @@ -733,9 +923,36 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + + a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + has disposition + + + + + + + + + inverse of has disposition + + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. + disposition of + + + + + + this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) @@ -749,21 +966,128 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) + this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) + + a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity + This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. + derives_into + + derives into + + + + + + + + + + is location of + my head is the location of my brain + this cage is the location of this rat + a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location + Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ + location_of + + location of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + contained in + Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): + Intended meaning: +domain: material entity +range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) + + Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. + contained_in + + + contained in + + + + + + + + contains + + + contains + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus - Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime + Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in + + + + + This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. + + + + + + This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. + @@ -771,6 +1095,18 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + + + + + + + X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y @@ -788,10 +1124,155 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. + dos + 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z + has regulatory component activity + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. + dos + 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z + By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. + has negative regulatory component activity + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. + dos + 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z + By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. + has positive regulatory component activity + + + + + + + + + dos + 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z + A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. + has component activity + + + + + + + + + + + w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. + dos + 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z + has component process + + + + + + + + + + dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z + Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. + directly regulated by + + + + + Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. + dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z + directly negatively regulated by + + + + + Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. + dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z + directly positively regulated by + + + + + Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. + dos + 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z + This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. + has effector activity + + + + + A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. + GOC:dos + + + + + David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. @@ -804,6 +1285,11 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) @@ -812,52 +1298,120 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - + - - - - x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) - - - - - overlaps + + + + David Osumi-Sutherland + starts_at_end_of + X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) + immediately preceded by - + - + + + David Osumi-Sutherland + ends_at_start_of + meets + + + X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) + immediately precedes + - + - - - - A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common - There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. - Chris Mungall - - Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy - BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) - + + + David Osumi-Sutherland + o + overlaps - spatially disjoint from - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern + X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). + ends during - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) + + + + + overlaps + + + + + + + + + true + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common + There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. + Chris Mungall + + Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy + BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) + + + spatially disjoint from + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern + + + + + + + + + w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. @@ -873,34 +1427,108 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + - - - - - - - - + + x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland - Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan + Melissa Haendel This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from + + + + + + + + + inverse of develops from + Chris Mungall + David Osumi-Sutherland + Terry Meehan + + develops into + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. + Chris Mungall + David Osumi-Sutherland + has developmental precursor + FBbt + + TODO - add child relations from DOS + directly develops from + + + + + + + + + + inverse of directly develops from + developmental precursor of + + directly develops into + + + + - - process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini @@ -918,10 +1546,63 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + + + + + + p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + Chris Mungall + + negatively regulates (process to process) + + + + + negatively regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + Chris Mungall + + positively regulates (process to process) + + + + + positively regulates + + + + + + mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. @@ -941,12 +1622,25 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in capable of part of - + + + + + + + + + true + @@ -954,12 +1648,13 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall - surrounded by surrounded by + surrounded by @@ -968,6 +1663,8 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. @@ -991,9 +1688,25 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + inverse of surrounded by + Chris Mungall + + + surrounds + + + + + + Chris Mungall @@ -1006,11 +1719,47 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + + + + + x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y + Chris Mungall + develops from part of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing + Chris Mungall + EHDAA2 + Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 + develops in + + + + + inverse of ends with Chris Mungall @@ -1020,10 +1769,48 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + + + x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. + Chris Mungall + finished by + + ends with + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y + Chris Mungall + ends with process that occurs in + + has end location + + + + + + p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall @@ -1041,8 +1828,13 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + - p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. + p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces @@ -1054,10 +1846,51 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + + + + + + + + + + + Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] + + x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y + Chris Mungall + has developmental contribution from + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inverse of has developmental contribution from + Chris Mungall + + developmentally contributes to + + + + + + + Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false @@ -1069,44 +1902,110 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - + - - - - p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). - This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. - Chris Mungall - results_in_developmental_progression_of - results in developmental progression of - + + + + + + + A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. + c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. + + acts upstream of + - + - - - - an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. - every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) + + + + + + + A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. + c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. + affects + + acts upstream of or within + + + + + + + + + + Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall - GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 - - - - results_in_formation_of - results in formation of + developmentally succeeded by - + - + + + + + + + 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue + + Chris Mungall + part of developmental precursor of + + + + + + + + + + + + p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). + This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. + Chris Mungall + results in developmental progression of + + + + + + + + + + + + every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) + an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. + + Chris Mungall + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 + + + + results in formation of + + + + + + + + + Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview @@ -1116,8 +2015,39 @@ where adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. - has habitat has habitat + has habitat + + + + + + + + + + p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. + + cjm + + + holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y + causally upstream of, positive effect + + + + + + + + + + p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. + + cjm + + + causally upstream of, negative effect @@ -1126,14 +2056,32 @@ where - q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. - Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of + + + + + + + + + q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. + Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Chris Mungall + inheres in part of - inheres in part of - + characteristic of part of + + + + + + + + + true + @@ -1173,6 +2121,34 @@ where + + + + + + + + + + + + + + a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity + c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. + Chris Mungall + catalyzes + executes + has + is catalyzing + is executing + This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. + + enables + + + + @@ -1184,10 +2160,128 @@ where + + + + + + + + + this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. + Chris Mungall + false + part of structure that is capable of + + + + + + + + + true + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p + Chris Mungall + actively involved in + enables part of + involved in + + + + + + + + + + + inverse of enables + Chris Mungall + + enabled by + + + + + + + + + + + + inverse of regulates + Chris Mungall + regulated by (processual) + + regulated by + + + + + + + + + inverse of negatively regulates + Chris Mungall + + negatively regulated by + + + + + + + + + inverse of positively regulates + Chris Mungall + + positively regulated by + + + + + + + + + + An organism that is a member of a population of organisms + is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. + is member of + member part of + SIO + + member of + + + + + has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO @@ -1196,6 +2290,20 @@ where + + + + + + inverse of has input + Chris Mungall + + + input of + + + + @@ -1220,11 +2328,81 @@ where + + + + + + + + + + + A lump of clay and a statue + x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location + Chris Mungall + This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios + spatially coextensive with + + + + + + + + + + + + x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). + Chris Mungall + has developmental potential involving + + + + + + + + + + x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y + Chris Mungall + has potential to developmentally contribute to + + + + + + + + + + x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y + Chris Mungall + has potential to develop into + + + + + + + + + + x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y + Chris Mungall + has potential to directly develop into + + + + + inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall @@ -1233,18 +2411,88 @@ where + + + + + + + + Chris Mungall + immediately causally downstream of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. + Chris Mungall + indirectly activates + + indirectly positively regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. + Chris Mungall + indirectly inhibits + + indirectly negatively regulates + + + + - - This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? - * Is the influence positive or negative + * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. @@ -1257,6 +2505,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to + + + + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality + @@ -1265,8 +2519,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain + + p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall @@ -1275,11 +2529,26 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. + Chris Mungall + + immediately causally upstream of + + + + - p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. + + + p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) @@ -1293,6 +2562,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall @@ -1302,12 +2572,250 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + - - - 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' - x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. + + + + + + + + + + + + c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p + Chris Mungall + involved in regulation of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p + Chris Mungall + + involved in positive regulation of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p + Chris Mungall + + involved in negative regulation of + + + + + + + + + + + c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p + OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union + Chris Mungall + involved in or reguates + involved in or involved in regulation of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. + c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. + Chris Mungall + executes activity in + enables activity in + + is active in + + + + + + + + + true + + + + + c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. + GOC:cjm + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. + Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' + This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. + Chris Mungall + Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. + in pairwise interaction with + + interacts with + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 + + + + + + + + + + An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. + Chris Mungall + binds + molecularly binds with + molecularly interacts with + + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 + + + + + + + + + Axiomatization to GO to be added later + Chris Mungall + An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. + phosphorylates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. + +A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. + Chris Mungall + Vasundra Touré + molecularly controls + directly regulates activity of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. +For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. + Chris Mungall + Vasundra Touré + directly inhibits + molecularly decreases activity of + directly negatively regulates activity of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. +For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. + Chris Mungall + Vasundra Touré + directly activates + molecularly increases activity of + directly positively regulates activity of + + + + + + + + Chris Mungall + This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. + helper property (not for use in curation) + + + + + + + + + + + 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' + x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall @@ -1317,10 +2825,72 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + + + + + p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. + Chris Mungall + + has part that occurs in + + + + + + + + + true + + + + + + + + + Chris Mungall + is kinase activity + + + + + + + + + + x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships + Chris Mungall + transformation of + + + + + + + + + + x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t + Chris Mungall + + immediate transformation of + + + + + A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process @@ -1332,7 +2902,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. + + + p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. @@ -1355,6 +2927,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall @@ -1364,31 +2938,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - - - - - - A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef - s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. - The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future - Chris Mungall - - determined by (system to material entity) - Chris Mungall - Pier Buttigieg - - determined by - - - - + + s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall @@ -1401,6 +2957,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) @@ -1409,10 +2966,95 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + Chris Mungall + interaction relation helper property + + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ + + + + + + + + + Chris Mungall + molecular interaction relation helper property + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). + Chris Mungall + Vasundra Touré + + causally influences (entity-centric) + causally influences + + + + + + + + + + p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + Chris Mungall + + directly regulates (processual) + + + + + directly regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' + s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p + Chris Mungall + has part structure that is capable of + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall @@ -1422,6 +3064,53 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + + + + pyrethroid -> growth + Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. + + capable of regulating + + + + + + + + + + + + + Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. + + capable of negatively regulating + + + + + + + + + + + + + renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction + Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. + + capable of positively regulating + + + + @@ -1433,46 +3122,389 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + - + + + + p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. + + directly positively regulates (process to process) + + + + + directly positively regulates + - + + + + + p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. + + directly negatively regulates (process to process) + + + + + directly negatively regulates + - + - - entity - + + + + + + + + + + + + a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. + Melissa Haendel + + Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. + produces + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. + Melissa Haendel + + produced by + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. + cjm + 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z + realized in response to stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. + cjm + 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z + enables subfunction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z + + acts upstream of or within, positive effect + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z + + acts upstream of or within, negative effect + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive + + cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z + + acts upstream of, positive effect + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative + + cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z + + acts upstream of, negative effect + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z + causally upstream of or within, negative effect + + + + + + + + + + cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z + causally upstream of or within, positive effect + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. + An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) + Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. + r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. + Austin Meier + Chris Mungall + David Osumi-Sutherland + Marie Angelique Laporte + triggered by process + realized in response to + https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit + + + + + triggered by process + RO:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. + Vasundra Touré + regulates activity of + + + + + + + + + p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. + pg + 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z + indirectly causally upstream of + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + pg + 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z + indirectly regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. + X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 + A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. + See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 + 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z + utilizes + device utilizes material + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. + + regulates characteristic + + + + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. + + positively regulates characteristic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. + + negatively regulates characteristic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. @@ -1528,6 +3560,17 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + + spatial region + + + + @@ -1576,6 +3619,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + quality @@ -1609,7 +3658,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + + A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role @@ -1657,6 +3707,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant @@ -1664,14 +3720,46 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + function + + + + + + + + + + An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity + material entity + + + + + + + + + b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) + continuant fiat boundary + + + + b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) + + @@ -1679,15 +3767,43 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + immaterial entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). + gas molecular entities + gaseous molecular entities + gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity @@ -1719,6 +3835,17 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + dioxygen + Disauerstoff + E 948 + E-948 + E948 + O2 + OXYGEN MOLECULE + Oxygen + [OO] + dioxygene + molecular oxygen dioxygen @@ -1759,6 +3886,16 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. + iron + 26Fe + Eisen + Fe + Iron + fer + ferrum + hierro + iron iron atom @@ -1797,6 +3934,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. + molecular entity + entidad molecular + entidades moleculares + entite moleculaire + molecular entities + molekulare Entitaet molecular entity @@ -1806,6 +3950,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. + chemical entity chemical entity @@ -1814,7 +3960,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. + biological function biological role @@ -1835,6 +3984,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides @@ -1844,6 +3994,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity that contains no carbon. + anorganische Verbindungen + inorganic compounds + inorganic entity + inorganic molecular entities + inorganics inorganic molecular entity @@ -1863,6 +4019,17 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. + salt + Salz + Salze + ionic compound + ionic compounds + sal + sales + salts + sel + sels salt @@ -1872,6 +4039,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + iron molecular entity + iron compounds + iron molecular entities iron molecular entity @@ -1882,6 +4052,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. + homoatomic molecule + homoatomic molecules elemental molecule @@ -1891,6 +4064,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. + molecule + Molekuel + molecula + molecules + neutral molecular compounds molecule @@ -1911,6 +4090,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. + oxide + oxides oxide @@ -1920,6 +4102,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + oxygen molecular entity + oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity @@ -1939,6 +4123,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + sodium compounds + sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity @@ -1958,6 +4144,18 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. + transition element + Uebergangselement + Uebergangsmetalle + metal de transicion + metal de transition + metales de transicion + metaux de transition + transition element + transition elements + transition metal + transition metals transition element atom @@ -1975,7 +4173,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application @@ -1986,6 +4186,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride @@ -1995,6 +4196,14 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. + atom + atome + atomo + atoms + atomus + element + elements atom @@ -2013,6 +4222,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. + homoatomic entity + homoatomic molecular entities + homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity @@ -2061,6 +4274,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. + nutrients nutrient @@ -2070,6 +4285,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. + heteroorganic entities + organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity @@ -2088,6 +4306,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. + alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity @@ -2097,6 +4317,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. + pnictogen molecular entity + pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity @@ -2106,6 +4329,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. + chalcogen molecular entity + chalcogen compounds + chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity @@ -2115,6 +4342,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + group 8 elements + iron group element + iron group elements iron group element atom @@ -2135,6 +4365,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. + transition element molecular entities + transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity @@ -2162,6 +4395,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. + elemental metal + elemental metals + metal element + metal elements + metals metal atom @@ -2171,6 +4410,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + d-block element + d-block elements d-block element atom @@ -2180,6 +4421,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. + main group compounds + main group molecular entities main group molecular entity @@ -2189,6 +4433,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + carbon group molecular entity + carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity @@ -2207,6 +4453,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + hydrogen compounds + hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity @@ -2216,6 +4464,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. + s-block molecular entity + s-block compounds + s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity @@ -2225,6 +4477,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. + p-block compounds + p-block molecular entities + p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity @@ -2234,6 +4490,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. + d-block molecular entity + d-block compounds + d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity @@ -2263,6 +4523,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides @@ -2282,6 +4543,11 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A macromolecule formed by a living organism. + biopolymer + Biopolymere + biomacromolecules + biopolymers biomacromolecule @@ -2291,6 +4557,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + iron group molecular entity + iron group molecular entities iron group molecular entity @@ -2327,6 +4595,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + macromolecule + macromolecules + polymer + polymer molecule + polymers macromolecule @@ -2393,6 +4667,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A particle smaller than an atom. + subatomic particles subatomic particle @@ -2411,6 +4687,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. + polyatomic entities polyatomic entity @@ -2440,6 +4718,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. + organochalcogen compound + organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound @@ -2450,6 +4731,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. + organooxygen compound + organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound @@ -2459,6 +4743,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + mononuclear parent hydrides + mononuclear hydride + mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride @@ -2468,6 +4755,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. + chemical compound + heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity @@ -2497,6 +4787,12 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). + mineral + Minerale + minerales + minerals + mineraux mineral @@ -2506,6 +4802,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any molecular entity that contains carbon. + organic compounds + organic entity + organic molecular entities organic molecular entity @@ -2514,6 +4814,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role @@ -2522,7 +4824,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role @@ -2532,6 +4836,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Nitrogenous compounds + nitrogen compounds + nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity @@ -2560,6 +4867,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. + Chemische Substanz chemical substance @@ -2578,6 +4887,16 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. + poisonous agent + poisonous agents + poisonous substance + poisonous substances + poisons + toxic agent + toxic agents + toxic substance + toxic substances poison @@ -2607,6 +4926,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. + dietary component + dietary components + food components food component @@ -2621,10 +4944,17 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different + + + + + + + An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar @@ -2666,7 +4996,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 @@ -2691,7 +5021,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different tailing - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -2714,7 +5044,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -2762,13 +5092,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A geographical feature associated with water. - MA:ma + MA:ma fluvial feature - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -2793,8 +5123,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean - Ocean - ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar @@ -2806,23 +5134,11 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans - - - - Ocean - NASA:earthrealm - - - - - ocean - Geonames:feature - ocean region - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -2845,8 +5161,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea - Sea - sea channel closed sea marginal sea @@ -2865,51 +5179,33 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - Sea - NASA:earthrealm + + closed sea + USGS:SDTS - - sea - ADL:FTT + + marginal sea + USGS:SDTS - - sea - Geonames:feature - - - - - closed sea - USGS:SDTS - - - - - marginal sea - USGS:SDTS - - - - - open sea - USGS:SDTS + + open sea + USGS:SDTS open sound - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS open water - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -2993,19 +5289,19 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. - MA:ma + MA:ma salt lake - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS salina - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -3103,37 +5399,37 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different catch basin - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS open water - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS tarn - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT lochan - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT mortlake - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -3190,7 +5486,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A quarry from which sand is extracted. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -3224,13 +5520,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm @@ -3278,25 +5574,25 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different hydrographic feature - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT bodies of water - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN body of water - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT body of water - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN @@ -3307,7 +5603,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + @@ -3337,7 +5633,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -3358,27 +5654,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building - BUILDING - building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. - USGS:SDTS - - - - - BUILDING - USGS:SDTS - - - - - building - Geonames:feature + USGS:SDTS @@ -3407,7 +5689,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine @@ -3451,13 +5733,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS arid region - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -3524,170 +5806,170 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS coulee - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS dale - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS glacial gorge - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS glacial trough - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS gulch - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS gully - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN gully - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS median valley - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT median valley - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature shelf valley - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature glen - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT glen - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS goe - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS gorge - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature gorge - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS graben - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS hollow - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT hollow - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN hollow - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS moat - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS ravine - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS re-entrant - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS seachannel - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS strath - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS trench - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS water gap - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -3711,19 +5993,19 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN herbaceous area - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -3784,223 +6066,223 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS brigalow - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS pine grove - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature caatinga - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS chanaral - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS coniferous forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS copse - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS deciduous forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS equatorial forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS garique - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS grove - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT grove - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS jungle - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN jungle - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS mallee scrub - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS monsoon forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS moor - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS motte - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS mulga - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS mulga scrub - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS rain forest - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT rain forest - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN reforested area - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS sagebrush - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS scrub - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS shrub - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS silva - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS stand - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS taiga - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS thicket - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS thorn forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS tropical rain forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS wood - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT wood - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN wood - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS wooded area - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -4054,13 +6336,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different forest - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature wood - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN @@ -4086,109 +6368,20 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. + A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley - ENVO - ENVO:00000128 + Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley - A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. + A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. - EcoLexicon:ice - FTT:648 - SWEETRealm:LandIce - TGN:21410 - glacer - Ice - LandIce - glacial landform - glacier feature - envoPolar - Likely to be depopulated and "glacial" made into a quality or similar. - glacial feature - - - - - A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. - MA:ma - - - - - glacer - ADL:FTT - - - - - Ice - NASA:earthrealm - - - - - LandIce - NASA:earthrealm - - - - - glacial landform - Getty:TGN - - - - - glacier feature - ADL:FTT - - - - @@ -4213,12 +6406,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years. + An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. - EcoLexicon:permafrost LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost - Permafrost envoPolar Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost @@ -4226,16 +6417,10 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years. + An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost - - - - Permafrost - NASA:earthrealm - @@ -4270,7 +6455,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current - ocean current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current @@ -4284,25 +6468,62 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different current - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT current - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature current - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A landform elevated above the surrounding area. + elevation + LTER:177 + SWEETRealm:Elevation + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation + elevated landform + - - - ocean current - ADL:FTT + + + A landform elevated above the surrounding area. + MA:ma @@ -4321,7 +6542,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + @@ -4337,6 +6558,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature + landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part @@ -4350,7 +6572,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different geological feature - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -4410,19 +6632,19 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different TALUS - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS talus slope - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature talus slope - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN @@ -4441,7 +6663,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga @@ -4451,37 +6673,37 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT wetland - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS Swamp - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm swamp - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature cienaga - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -4502,13 +6724,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. - MA:ma + MA:ma valley - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -4577,7 +6799,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - @@ -4613,49 +6834,49 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT ice patch - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT iceberg - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT icefall - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT IceSheet - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm ice field - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT ice sheet - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT icecap - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT @@ -4688,55 +6909,55 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT scrubland - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature bush - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT bush - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN chaparal area - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT heath - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT scrub - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS shrubland - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT shrubland - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -4744,7 +6965,18 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -4765,6 +6997,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 + depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 @@ -4783,7 +7016,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different pan (geologic) pans tidal basin - depression + depressed landform @@ -4795,49 +7028,49 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different barrier basin - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS depression - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature non tidal basin - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS pan - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature pan - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN pan (geologic) - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT pans - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature tidal basin - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -4863,7 +7096,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. + A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK @@ -4871,15 +7104,103 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different TGN:21444 piece of rock + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. + grain of sand + granule of sand + sand granule + In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. + particle of sand + - + - An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. - MA:ma + A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. + grain of silt + granule of silt + The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. + particle of silt + + + + + The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + grain of desert sand + + + + @@ -4896,12 +7217,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - - - - - @@ -4923,7 +7238,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. - DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 + DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome @@ -4942,7 +7257,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different EcosytemType - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm @@ -4950,44 +7265,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial @@ -5006,17 +7284,6 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - - - - - - - - - - An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. @@ -5031,9 +7298,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. - ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 - MA:ma - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean + ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 + MA:ma + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean @@ -5049,7 +7316,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -5083,13 +7350,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS BOTTOM - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -5121,8 +7388,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. - MA:ma - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) + MA:ma + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) @@ -5189,7 +7456,13 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. + + + + + + + An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 @@ -5207,7 +7480,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. + An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil @@ -5216,7 +7489,6 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - @@ -5237,15 +7509,15 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - + + - @@ -5257,7 +7529,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. + A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope @@ -5268,8 +7540,8 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. - MA:ma + A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. + MA:ma @@ -5347,7 +7619,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -5400,17 +7672,19 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. + Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. + Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust envoPolar + Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust - Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. + Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust @@ -5460,7 +7734,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 @@ -5468,17 +7742,6 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - - - - - - - - - - - A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. @@ -5765,7 +8028,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - + A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital @@ -6134,6 +8397,12 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi + + + + + + @@ -6169,36 +8438,63 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi - ENVO - ENVO:00002874 + A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. + A/C + A/C unit + air conditioner air conditioning unit + + + + A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. + Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. + Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay - A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. + Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay + + + + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. + + @@ -6269,8 +8565,6 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. - ENVO - ENVO:00003082 This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil @@ -6341,7 +8635,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. - MA:ma + MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station @@ -6384,7 +8678,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter @@ -6444,6 +8738,39 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Soil which is part of some elevated land. + upland soil + + + + + Soil which is part of some elevated land. + + + + + @@ -6485,7 +8812,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -6515,6 +8842,12 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi + + + + + + A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. @@ -6524,9 +8857,9 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. - DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 - MA:ma - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 + MA:ma + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html @@ -6595,7 +8928,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol @@ -6644,7 +8977,7 @@ The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most diffi Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. - MA:ma + MA:ma @@ -6681,32 +9014,46 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - + - - + + + + + + + + - + - Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. + Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. + Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt - Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt + Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. + + + + + + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. + + @@ -6714,28 +9061,66 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + - A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. + Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. + Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand - ENVO - ENVO:01000017 + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand - A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. + Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand + + + + This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. + https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html + @@ -6744,7 +9129,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome @@ -6754,7 +9139,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 @@ -6764,7 +9149,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 @@ -6774,171 +9159,18 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh - - - - - - - - - - - The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z - ENVO - ENVO:01000023 - envoPolar - marine pelagic biome - - - - - The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. - ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 - - - - - - - - - - The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z - ENVO - ENVO:01000032 - neritic pelagic zone biome - - - - - The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. - ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 - ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - - - - - - - - - The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z - ENVO - ENVO:01000033 - oceanic pelagic zone biome - - - - - The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. - ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 - ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - - - - - - - - - The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z - ENVO - ENVO:01000034 - oceanic sea surface microlayer biome - - - - - The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer - - - - - - - - - The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z - ENVO - ENVO:01000041 - neritic sea surface microlayer biome - - - - - The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z - envoPolar - marine pelagic feature - - - - - A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. - ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - - - - The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome @@ -6946,7 +9178,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea @@ -6955,26 +9187,9 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z envoPolar Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. @@ -6984,8 +9199,8 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean @@ -6995,38 +9210,23 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material. - Subclasses should be assigned by inference. + An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. + Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. + particulate matter envoAtmo envoPolar - particulate matter + particulate environmental material @@ -7046,7 +9246,6 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - @@ -7055,7 +9254,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current envoPolar @@ -7065,8 +9264,8 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current @@ -7093,7 +9292,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass @@ -7103,8 +9302,8 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. - ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 @@ -7160,13 +9359,10 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - A savanna biome is a woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes, across its entire spatial extent, trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. + A woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland - ENVO - ENVO:01000178 - Preliminary definition savanna biome @@ -7175,17 +9371,6 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -7193,12 +9378,6 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa - - - - - - A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z @@ -7225,8 +9404,8 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. - WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate + WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate @@ -7236,6 +9415,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa + A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome @@ -7303,7 +9483,7 @@ SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surfa An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. - DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 + DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 @@ -7403,6 +9583,7 @@ According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided + A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome @@ -7470,6 +9651,7 @@ According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided + A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. @@ -7561,13 +9743,13 @@ According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided A scrubland which is located in a desert. - ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 + ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub - ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 + ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 @@ -7660,7 +9842,7 @@ According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. - DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 + DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 @@ -7906,7 +10088,7 @@ From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which Ice which is formed from water. - + 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 @@ -7914,11 +10096,11 @@ From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which envoPolar Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. -When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. +When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. -This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) +This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) -It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. +It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. @@ -7929,7 +10111,7 @@ In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensati Ice which is formed from water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice @@ -8040,12 +10222,11 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - + @@ -8115,7 +10296,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of A layer that is part of a marine water body. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoMarine envoPolar marine layer @@ -8124,7 +10305,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of A layer that is part of a marine water body. - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 @@ -8159,25 +10340,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) envoEmpo @@ -8226,34 +10390,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment @@ -8291,44 +10428,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment @@ -8338,25 +10438,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment @@ -8413,24 +10496,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. envoPolar marine environment @@ -8439,7 +10505,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. - NM:nm + NM:nm @@ -8447,24 +10513,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment envoPolar @@ -8763,6 +10812,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of + @@ -9183,7 +11233,6 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of - @@ -9547,7 +11596,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement @@ -10233,6 +12282,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -10440,6 +12490,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role @@ -10581,8 +12632,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. - Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake + Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake @@ -10692,7 +12743,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - @@ -10806,7 +12856,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + @@ -10924,12 +12974,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 @@ -10942,7 +12986,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. - EnvO:EnvO + EnvO:EnvO @@ -11124,12 +13168,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - @@ -11137,12 +13175,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building @@ -11168,7 +13200,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. - This should be an OBI planned process. Pending import. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process @@ -11454,7 +13485,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - @@ -11479,32 +13509,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. - envoAstro - envoPolar - This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. - cryosphere - - - - - A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere - - - - @@ -11533,7 +13537,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - @@ -11747,7 +13750,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - @@ -11788,22 +13790,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome @@ -11986,9 +13972,20 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface. + A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. + This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications + + + + + + + + 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z + snow fall environmental_hazards + envoCryo envoPolar snowfall @@ -12014,14 +14011,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - @@ -12196,15 +14185,26 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + + + + + + + + + + + + - A process during which a volume of water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. + A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. environmental_hazards water flow process @@ -12325,6 +14325,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -12344,12 +14345,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process @@ -12360,44 +14355,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality @@ -12408,24 +14366,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material @@ -12436,24 +14377,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment envoEmpo @@ -12466,24 +14390,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment @@ -12504,24 +14411,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment @@ -12749,61 +14640,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline envoEmpo @@ -12822,25 +14660,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) envoEmpo @@ -12859,25 +14680,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. envoEmpo envoOmics @@ -12889,25 +14693,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. envoEmpo envoOmics @@ -12919,45 +14706,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo @@ -12977,68 +14727,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) envoEmpo @@ -13055,57 +14744,30 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + + + + + An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. + Animal corpus + envoEmpo + envoMeo + envoOmics + environment associated with an animal part or small animal + + + + + Animal corpus + http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus envoEmpo @@ -13402,7 +15064,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol @@ -13477,7 +15139,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol @@ -13570,17 +15232,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -13679,41 +15330,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 @@ -13830,39 +15446,26 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - + An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/900 @@ -14019,7 +15622,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice @@ -14203,6 +15806,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -14265,68 +15869,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 envoMeo @@ -14561,6 +16104,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -14613,73 +16157,73 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS grassland - Geonames:feature + Geonames:feature Grassland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm down - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS downland - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS downs - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS glade - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT glade - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS grazing area - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT grazing area - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN herbaceous area - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS @@ -14742,7 +16286,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland @@ -14784,251 +16328,285 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS Wetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland - NASA:earthrealm + NASA:earthrealm back marsh - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS backswamp - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS backwater - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT barrier flat - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS blanket bog - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS bog - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT bog - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN cienaga - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT dismal - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS everglade - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS floating marsh - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS forested wetland - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT marsh - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT mire - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT mire - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS mud flat - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT peat cutting area - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT peatland - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT quagmire - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT quagmire - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS quaking bog - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS riparian area - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT slash - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS slough - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT slough - Getty:TGN + Getty:TGN slough - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS slue - ADL:FTT + ADL:FTT swamp forest - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS tulelands - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS moor - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS morass - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS muskeg - USGS:SDTS + USGS:SDTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding. + defense against flooding + defence against floods + defense against floods + flood defence + flood defence intervention + flood defense + flood defense intervention + defence against flooding + + + + @@ -15430,8 +17008,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + @@ -15578,7 +17156,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. + A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform @@ -15587,7 +17165,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" - ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 + ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 @@ -15695,8 +17273,37 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + + + + + + + + + + + - A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process @@ -15704,7 +17311,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. + A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties @@ -15714,6 +17321,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -15771,7 +17379,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + @@ -15831,7 +17439,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates @@ -15902,7 +17510,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates @@ -15928,7 +17536,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material @@ -15940,7 +17548,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. - + laboratory environment @@ -15957,7 +17565,9 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. - + + + research laboratory laboratory facility @@ -15993,7 +17603,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. - + land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. @@ -16066,7 +17676,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. - + There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process @@ -16105,7 +17715,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. - + mining terrestrial mining @@ -16126,7 +17736,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. - + anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process @@ -16135,6 +17745,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + @@ -16155,14 +17766,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. - + planned environmental usage process @@ -16185,7 +17790,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. - + mining @@ -16236,7 +17841,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. - + marine mining @@ -16246,7 +17851,6 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - @@ -16266,7 +17870,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. - + This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining @@ -16297,7 +17901,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. - + transportation usage of an environment for transportation @@ -16329,7 +17933,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. - + transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities @@ -16372,7 +17976,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. - + residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity @@ -16388,47 +17992,10 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. - - Services include those provided by health care facilities, places of religious worship, educational facilities, police stations, fire stations, coastguard facilities, public sanitation, non-human animal welfare services, detention services, and other public services. - usage of an environment for community and social services - - - - - A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use - https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7816 - - - - - @@ -16442,7 +18009,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. - + This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry @@ -16462,7 +18029,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. - + This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business @@ -16481,7 +18048,8 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - + A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. + body of liquid @@ -16510,7 +18078,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. - + liquid astronomical body part @@ -16545,7 +18113,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. - + gaseous astronomical body part @@ -16593,7 +18161,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid or gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. - + 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part @@ -16628,7 +18196,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. - + 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building @@ -16690,8 +18258,9 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. - + 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z + land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body @@ -16703,7 +18272,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. - + 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft @@ -16716,6 +18285,35 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. + + 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z + flattened elevation + + + + @@ -16728,7 +18326,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. - + 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. @@ -16766,7 +18364,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. - + 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation @@ -16789,7 +18387,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. - + 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product @@ -16824,7 +18422,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. - + 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process @@ -16881,7 +18479,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Land which is below the freezing point of water. - + 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground @@ -16931,7 +18529,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Soil which is below the freezing point of water. - + 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil @@ -16943,9 +18541,10 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. - + 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z + envoCryo envoPolar freezing @@ -16991,7 +18590,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. - + 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice @@ -17021,7 +18620,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise A water surface that is part of a water body. - + 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body @@ -17045,7 +18644,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. - + 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain @@ -17069,7 +18668,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. - + 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain @@ -17087,7 +18686,7 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. - + 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion @@ -17118,27 +18717,14 @@ The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise - - - - - - - - - - - - - A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. - + 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z - envoMarine envoPlastics + envoMarine At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer @@ -17151,7 +18737,7 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. - + 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current @@ -17168,7 +18754,7 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. - + @@ -17177,11 +18763,11 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. - + A layer which is part of a cryosphere. - + 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z envoPolar cryospheric layer @@ -17211,7 +18797,7 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. - + 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost @@ -17222,6 +18808,7 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. + @@ -17241,7 +18828,7 @@ Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. - + 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. @@ -17255,7 +18842,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. - + @@ -17287,7 +18874,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. - + 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process @@ -17296,7 +18883,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. - + @@ -17315,6 +18902,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + @@ -17333,7 +18921,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. - + 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process @@ -17342,7 +18930,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. - + @@ -17400,7 +18988,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. - + 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow @@ -17434,7 +19022,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. - + 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere @@ -17474,7 +19062,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. - + 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere @@ -17518,7 +19106,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. - + 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid @@ -17548,7 +19136,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. - + 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol @@ -17584,7 +19172,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. - + 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process @@ -17615,7 +19203,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. - + 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer @@ -17646,7 +19234,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. - + 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer @@ -17695,7 +19283,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. - + 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer @@ -17707,7 +19295,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. - + 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front @@ -17745,7 +19333,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. - + 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front @@ -17792,7 +19380,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. - + 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front envoAtmo @@ -17837,7 +19425,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. - + 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z envoAtmo air mass @@ -17867,7 +19455,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. - + 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer @@ -17879,7 +19467,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. - + 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer @@ -17908,7 +19496,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material - + 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material @@ -17937,8 +19525,8 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - An object which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material - + An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material + 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material @@ -17982,7 +19570,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. - + 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. @@ -18013,7 +19601,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An object which is composed primarily of a gas. - + 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. @@ -18044,7 +19632,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. - + 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. @@ -18070,7 +19658,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. - + 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials @@ -18082,7 +19670,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. - + 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z envoAtmo envoPolar @@ -18119,7 +19707,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. - + 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment @@ -18154,7 +19742,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. - + 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment @@ -18189,7 +19777,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. - + 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment @@ -18224,7 +19812,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. - + 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment @@ -18259,7 +19847,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. - + 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment @@ -18276,7 +19864,14 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - + + + + + + + An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. + 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow @@ -18288,9 +19883,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. - - + + 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds @@ -18311,7 +19906,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. - + 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process @@ -18353,7 +19948,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. - + 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body @@ -18363,26 +19958,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. - + 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem @@ -18411,7 +19989,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. - + 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass @@ -18423,7 +20001,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. - + 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass @@ -18449,6 +20027,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + @@ -18465,21 +20044,22 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + - A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in varying quantities. - + A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. + 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part - A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in varying quantities. + A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform @@ -18491,7 +20071,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. - + 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land @@ -18507,25 +20087,8 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem @@ -18535,20 +20098,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - - - - - - - - - - - - + 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem @@ -18559,7 +20111,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - + 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem @@ -18572,7 +20124,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. - + 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest @@ -18585,7 +20137,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. - + 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest @@ -18614,7 +20166,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. - + 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process @@ -18638,7 +20190,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. - + 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest @@ -18662,7 +20214,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. - + 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest @@ -18686,7 +20238,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. - + 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest @@ -18711,7 +20263,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. - + 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest @@ -18736,7 +20288,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. - + 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest @@ -18761,7 +20313,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. - + 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland @@ -18785,7 +20337,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. - + 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland @@ -18796,7 +20348,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - + 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland @@ -18808,22 +20360,61 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. - + 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z construction - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. + + 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z + organic object + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -18832,7 +20423,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. - + 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome @@ -18856,7 +20447,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. - + 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome @@ -18880,7 +20471,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. - + 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome @@ -18904,7 +20495,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. - + 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome @@ -18933,7 +20524,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. - + 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome @@ -18962,7 +20553,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. - + 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome @@ -18991,7 +20582,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. - + 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome @@ -19003,7 +20594,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. - + 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process @@ -19032,7 +20623,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. - + 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process @@ -19044,7 +20635,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. - + 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. @@ -19108,7 +20699,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. - + 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z envoAtmo envoNceas @@ -19117,6 +20708,222 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + + + + + A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. + + 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z + geographic feature + The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. + surface landform + + + + + + + + + A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. + + 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z + Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. + landform + + + + + A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. + + water-holding capacity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. + grain + particle + + + + + A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. + clay particle + The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. + particle of clay + + + + + A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. + + + + + + The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. + Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. + convective transport process + + + + + A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. + + + + + + Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. + + + + + + + + + + A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. + + convective + + + + + A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. + + + + + + + + + + A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. + + advective + + + + + A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. + + + + + + + + + + A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. + diffusion + Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO. + material diffusion process + + + + + A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. + + + + + @@ -19134,7 +20941,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. - cjm + coal @@ -19187,7 +20994,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + iron mine @@ -19234,7 +21041,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + uranium mine @@ -19246,7 +21053,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. - cjm + ore @@ -19274,7 +21081,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + Ore which contains uranium. + + The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite uranium ore @@ -19301,7 +21110,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + iron ore @@ -19328,7 +21137,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + gold ore @@ -19355,7 +21164,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + platinum ore @@ -19383,7 +21192,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which Dust which is derived from coal. - cjm + coal dust @@ -19412,7 +21221,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which Dust which is derived from mineral material. - cjm + mineral dust @@ -19446,7 +21255,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. - cjm + metallic dust @@ -19473,7 +21282,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + cement dust @@ -19501,7 +21310,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which Dust which is derived from clay material. - cjm + clay dust @@ -19528,7 +21337,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - cjm + dust from plant parts @@ -19539,7 +21348,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. - cjm + open-pit mine @@ -19551,6 +21360,57 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. + + nuclear reactor + + + + + A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor + + + + + + + + + A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. + + power reactor + nuclear power reactor + + + + + A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor + + + + @@ -19678,7 +21538,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - + @@ -20442,7 +22302,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar compaction process @@ -20490,7 +22350,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. @@ -20520,7 +22380,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. @@ -20541,7 +22401,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar geographic basin @@ -20565,8 +22425,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - Particulate matter primarily composed of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. - + Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. + Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar soot @@ -20574,7 +22435,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - Particulate matter primarily composed of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. + Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot @@ -20621,7 +22482,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 marine sediments envoPolar @@ -20666,7 +22527,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sedimentation in a water body @@ -20692,7 +22553,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. @@ -20713,7 +22574,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar desublimation of water vapour into ice @@ -20758,9 +22619,9 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. + A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar cryoform @@ -20782,7 +22643,6 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - @@ -20797,7 +22657,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A mass of snow. - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of snow snow accumulation @@ -20812,7 +22672,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which - + @@ -20869,12 +22729,113 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. + For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. + +Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. + + + + + + + + 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z + + envoCryo + envoPolar + The term refers collectively to the portions of the earth (i.e., a planet) where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). + +This is an Earth centric definition, other cryospheres will be considered later. Some definitions reffer to that which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. + +It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." + +Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: +- PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ +- van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] +- American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. +- EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary +- IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] +- NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. +- Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] +- UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] + cryosphere + + + + + An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. + + + + + + The term refers collectively to the portions of the earth (i.e., a planet) where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). + +This is an Earth centric definition, other cryospheres will be considered later. Some definitions reffer to that which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. + +It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." + +Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: +- PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ +- van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] +- American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. +- EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary +- IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] +- NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. +- Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] +- UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] + + + + + + + + + + A human construction in which healthcare is provided. + + 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z + health facility + medical facility + healthcare facility + + + + + A human construction in which healthcare is provided. + + + + + Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. - + 2020-08-03T18:32:42Z radioactive material @@ -20892,7 +22853,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. - + snowflake snow crystal @@ -20958,7 +22919,7 @@ Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity? - + 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z chemically contaminated sediment @@ -20975,11 +22936,17 @@ Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impac - A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. + + + + + + + A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. - + 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal. pipeline network @@ -21007,7 +22974,7 @@ Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics - + 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings pond @@ -21044,7 +23011,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics - + @@ -21062,7 +23029,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. - + 2019-03-14T21:13:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in soil @@ -21112,7 +23079,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. - + 2019-03-14T21:24:04Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in air @@ -21162,7 +23129,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. - + 2019-03-14T21:35:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater @@ -21181,7 +23148,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. - + 2019-04-05T00:53:06Z envoNceas soil organic matter @@ -21211,20 +23178,15 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + - - - - - - A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. - + 2019-04-12T17:35:13Z envoNceas soil surface layer @@ -21232,882 +23194,990 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The temperature of some environmental material. - environmental material temperature - temperature of environmental material + A layer that is composed primarily of soil. + + soil layer - + - + - + - + - + - + - The temperature of some air. - air temperature - temperature of air + Texture which inheres in soil. + + 2021-12-26T21:49:12Z + soil texture - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The porosity of some soil. - soil porosity - porosity of soil + + + + + + + + + Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. + + + soil water-holding capacity + water-holding capacity of soil + + + + Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. + + - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - The composition of some soil. - soil composition - composition of soil + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of a clay when measured in soil. + soil clay concentration + concentration of clay in soil - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - The structure of some soil. - soil structure - structure of soil + The concentration of a slit when measured in soil. + soil slit concentration + concentration of slit in soil - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - The acidity of some soil. - soil acidity - acidity of soil + The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. + soil sand concentration + concentration of sand in soil - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - The temperature of some soil. - soil temperature - temperature of soil + The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil. + soil moisture content + soil water content + soil liquid water concentration + concentration of liquid water in soil - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - The wetness of some soil. - soil wetness - wetness of soil + The concentration of a salt when measured in soil. + soil salt concentration + concentration of salt in soil - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - The temperature of some water. - water temperature - temperature of water - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil. + soil soil organic matter concentration + concentration of soil organic matter in soil + + - + - + - + - + - + - + - The humidity of some soil. - soil humidity - humidity of soil + The temperature of some environmental material. + environmental material temperature + temperature of environmental material - + - + - + - + - + - + - The composition of some water. - water composition - composition of water + The temperature of some air. + air temperature + temperature of air - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The generation of energy for use by humans - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z - anthropogenic generation of energy + The quality of a environmental system process. + quality of environmental system process + environmental system process quality - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z - generation of energy from coal - - - - - - - - - A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z - Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. - energy - - - - - - - - - Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z - potential energy + + + The porosity of some soil. + soil porosity + porosity of soil - + - - - Energy that it realized through motion. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z - kinetic energy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The composition of some soil. + soil composition + composition of soil - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z - mixed potential and kinetic energy - - - - - - - - - potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z - nuclear energy - - - - - - - - - kinetic and potential energy in an elastic material due to a propagated deformational wave. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:29:00Z - mechanical wave energy + The structure of some soil. + soil structure + structure of soil - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - potential energy stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation, including light. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z - radiant energy + The acidity of some soil. + soil acidity + soil pH + acidity of soil - + - - - Kinetic energy which is realized through the microscopic motion of particles, a form of disordered mechanical energy. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z - thermal energy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The temperature of some soil. + soil temperature + temperature of soil - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:47:14Z - wind wave energy + The wetness of some soil. + soil wetness + wetness of soil - + - - - Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z - Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. - geothermal energy - - - - - - - - - cjm - 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z - stellar radiation energy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The temperature of some water. + water temperature + temperature of water - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. - cjm - 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z - fossil fuel power plant + The humidity of some soil. + soil humidity + humidity of soil - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z - coal power plant + The composition of some water. + water composition + composition of water - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z - solar power station + The porosity of some snow. + snow porosity + porosity of snow - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z - OTEC power plant - OTEC power station - ocean thermal power station + The porosity of some water ice. + water ice porosity + porosity of water ice - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - cjm - 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z - tidal power plant + The generation of energy for use by humans + + 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z + anthropogenic generation of energy - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + + + + 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z + generation of energy from coal + + + + + + + + + A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. + + 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z + Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. + energy + + + + + + + + + Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. + + 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z + potential energy + + + + + + + + + Energy which is realised through motion. + + 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z + kinetic energy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. - anatomical entity environment + Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. + + + 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z + mixed potential and kinetic energy - + - + + + potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). + + 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z + nuclear energy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation. + + 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z + radiant energy + + + + + + + + + Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. + + + 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z + A form of disordered mechanical energy. + thermal energy + + + + + + + + + Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. + + 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z + Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. + geothermal energy + + + + + + + + + + + 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z + stellar radiation energy + + + + + + + - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -22116,224 +24186,826 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. - liquid water dioxygen concentration - concentration of dioxygen in liquid water + A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. + + 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z + fossil fuel power plant - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - The acidity of some water. - water acidity - acidity of water - - - - - - - - - An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. - data item - - - - - - - - - A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. - information content entity - - - - - - - - - An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. - directive information entity + + 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z + coal power plant - + - - - A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. - plan specification + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z + solar power station - + - - - A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. - measurement datum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z + OTEC power plant + OTEC power station + ocean thermal power station - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - all - NCBITaxon:1 - root + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z + tidal power plant - - - - all - - - + - - - Viruses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. + anatomical entity environment - + - - - Teleostomi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + integumental system environment - + - - - bony vertebrates - Euteleostomi - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. + liquid water dioxygen concentration + concentration of dioxygen in liquid water + - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - biota - NCBITaxon:131567 - cellular organisms + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The acidity of some water. + water acidity + acidity of water - - - - biota - - - + - - - Dipnotetrapodomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water. + sea water dioxygen concentration + concentration of dioxygen in sea water - + - - - Boreotheria - Boreoeutheria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil. + soil oxygen concentration + concentration of oxygen in soil - + - - - - eubacteria - Monera - Procaryotae - Prokaryota - Prokaryotae - bacteria - prokaryote - prokaryotes - Bacteria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil. + soil iron molecular entity concentration + concentration of iron molecular entity in soil - + - - - Homo/Pan/Gorilla group - Homininae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil. + soil sodium molecular entity concentration + concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil. + soil organic molecular entity concentration + concentration of organic molecular entity in soil + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + biological process + physiological process + single organism process + single-organism process + biological_process + + + + + + + + + + + true + + + + + + + + + + + An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. + data item + + + + + + + + + A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. + information content entity + + + + + + + + + An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. + directive information entity + + + + + + + + + A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. + A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. + plan specification + + + + + + + + + A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. + measurement datum + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + all + NCBITaxon:1 + root + + + + + all + + + + + + + + + + Viruses + + + + + + + + + Teleostomi + + + + + + + + + bony vertebrates + Euteleostomi + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + biota + NCBITaxon:131567 + cellular organisms + + + + + biota + + + + + + + + + + Dipnotetrapodomorpha + + + + + + + + + Boreotheria + Boreoeutheria + + + + + + + + + + eubacteria + Monera + Procaryotae + Prokaryota + Prokaryotae + bacteria + prokaryote + prokaryotes + Bacteria + + + + + + + + + Homo/Pan/Gorilla group + Homininae + + + + + + + Archaea @@ -22681,7 +25353,6 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics human - man Homo sapiens @@ -22710,6 +25381,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. device @@ -22889,6 +25561,16 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + + + + + A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. + texture + + + + @@ -23017,7 +25699,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics - A physical quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. + A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity @@ -23129,6 +25811,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality @@ -23208,6 +25891,18 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + + + + + + A position which is relatively high. + high position + increased position + + + + @@ -23340,6 +26035,19 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + + + + + + An elevation which is relatively high. + high elevation + elevated + increased elevation + + + + @@ -23368,7 +26076,7 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics - An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entitity by natural process. + An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. shedability @@ -23668,6 +26376,16 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + + + + + A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. + quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation + + + + @@ -23686,1824 +26404,2434 @@ consider revising 'pond' semantics + - - + + + + + + This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. + + A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. + ISBN:0878932739 + It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. + +Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. + population of organisms + + + + + + + + + A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. + multispecies community + ISBN:0865423504 + envoPolar + Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. + ecological community + + + + + + + + + + A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. + collection of organisms of the same species + single-species collection of organisms + + + + + + + + + + A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. + Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". + + multi-species collection of organisms + + + + + + + + + + A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. + organismal entity + + + + + + + + + A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. + genet (broad) + ramet (broad) + PO_GIT:538 + PO_GIT:69 + planta entera (Spanish, exact) + 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) + bush (narrow) + frutex (narrow) + frutices (narrow) + gametophyte (narrow) + herb (narrow) + liana (narrow) + prothalli (narrow) + prothallium (narrow) + prothallus (narrow) + seedling (narrow) + shrub (narrow) + sporophyte (narrow) + suffrutex (narrow) + suffrutices (narrow) + tree (narrow) + vine (narrow) + woody clump (narrow) + plant_anatomy + clonal colony (related) + colony (related) + PO:0000003 + + + Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). + whole plant + + + + + A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. + POC:curators + + + + + planta entera (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + frutex (narrow) + FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba + + + + + frutices (narrow) + FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b + + + + + + prothalli (narrow) + FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 + + + + + + prothallus (narrow) + FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 + + + + + suffrutex (narrow) + FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 + + + + + suffrutices (narrow) + FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 + + + + + + woody clump (narrow) + FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 + + + + + + + + + A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). + PO_GIT:234 + &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0000037 + + shoot axis apex + + + + + A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). + POC:curators + + + + + &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. + zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) + 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + peripheral meristem (related) + PO:0000225 + peripheral zone + + + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. + ISBN:0521288959 + TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser + + + + + zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + + + + + A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. + CL:0000034 + PO_GIT:272 + c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) + stem cell (exact) + 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0004010 + + meristematic cell + + + + + A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. + ISBN:0471245208 + POC:Laurel_Cooper + + + + + c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). + PO_GIT:467 + portion of root primordium tissue (exact) + primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + root primordia (exact, plural) + 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0005029 + A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). + root primordium + + + + + A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). + ISBN:0521288959 + POC:curators + + + + + primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. - - A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. - ISBN:0878932739 - It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. - -Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. - population of organisms + + + + + + + A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). + filoma (Spanish, exact) + フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0006001 + + + phyllome + + + + A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). + POC:curators + + + + + filoma (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + - + - - - A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. - multispecies community - ISBN:0865423504 - envoPolar - Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. - ecological community + + + + + + + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). + PO_GIT:472 + PO_GIT:583 + meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0006079 + + shoot system meristem + + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). + Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal + POC:Laurel_Cooper + + + + + meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + - + - - - - A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. - collection of organisms of the same species - single-species collection of organisms + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). + PO_GIT:125 + portion of protoderm tissue (exact) + protodermis (Spanish, exact) + 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + dermatogen cell (related) + PO:0006210 + A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. + protoderm + + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). + ISBN:0471245208 + POC:Laurel_Cooper + + + + + protodermis (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + - + - - - - A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. - Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". - - multi-species collection of organisms + + + + + + + + + A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). + PO_GIT:390 + plant_structure_development_stage + Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) + cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) + maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) + plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) + rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) + sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) + wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) + PO:0007033 + + whole plant development stage + + + + A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). + POC:curators + - + - - - A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. - organismal entity + + + + + + A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). + cell (broad) + GO:0005623 + PO_GIT:56 + c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) + 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0009002 + + + + Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. + plant cell + + + + A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). + GO:0005623 + POC:curators + + + + + c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + + + + + + 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + - + - - - A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. - genet (broad) - ramet (broad) - PO_GIT:538 - PO_GIT:69 - planta entera (Spanish, exact) - 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) - bush (narrow) - frutex (narrow) - frutices (narrow) - gametophyte (narrow) - herb (narrow) - liana (narrow) - prothalli (narrow) - prothallium (narrow) - prothallus (narrow) - seedling (narrow) - shrub (narrow) - sporophyte (narrow) - suffrutex (narrow) - suffrutices (narrow) - tree (narrow) - vine (narrow) - woody clump (narrow) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. + PO:0003006 + PO_GIT:578 + ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + radices (exact, plural) + radix (exact) + 根 (Japanese, exact) + aerial root (narrow) + climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy - clonal colony (related) - colony (related) - PO:0000003 + PO:0009005 + + + + + + + - Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). - whole plant + Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). + root - + - A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. - POC:curators + A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. + ISBN:978-0879015329 + ISBN:9780964022157 + NYBG:Brandon_Sinn + NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere + POC:Laurel_Cooper + POC:curators - + - planta entera (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + radices (exact, plural) + FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d - - - frutex (narrow) - FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba + + + radix (exact) + FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd - - - frutices (narrow) - FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b - + + + 根 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + - + - prothalli (narrow) - FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 - + climbing root (narrow) + FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f + + + + + + + + + + A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. + PO_GIT:135 + sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) + tree crown (narrow) + plant_anatomy + Poaceae crown (related) + shoot (related) + thalli (related) + thallus (related) + PO:0009006 + + + The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. + shoot system + + + + + A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. + POC:Laurel_Cooper + POC:curators - - - prothallus (narrow) - FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 + + + sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + - - - suffrutex (narrow) - FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 + + + シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + - - - suffrutices (narrow) - FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 + + + thalli (related) + FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 - - - woody clump (narrow) - FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 + + + thallus (related) + FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 - + - - - A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). - PO_GIT:234 - &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) + + + + + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. + portion of tissue (broad) + tissue (broad) + PO_GIT:59 + porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) + 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0000037 + plant tissue (related) + PO:0009007 + - shoot axis apex + A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. + portion of plant tissue - + - A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). - POC:curators + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. + POC:curators + TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser - + - &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - - - - - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. - zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) - 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) + + + A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. + organ (broad) + PO_GIT:55 + &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) + 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - peripheral meristem (related) - PO:0000225 - peripheral zone + compound plant organ (related) + simple plant organ (related) + PO:0009008 + + Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). + plant organ - + - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. - ISBN:0521288959 - TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser + A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. + POC:curators - + - zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + simple plant organ (related) + PATO:01503 + - + - - - A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. - CL:0000034 - PO_GIT:272 - c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) - stem cell (exact) - 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) + + + A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. + PO_GIT:57 + estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) + 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0004010 - - meristematic cell + PO:0009011 + + 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + plant structure - + - A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. - ISBN:0471245208 - POC:Laurel_Cooper + A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. + CARO:0000003 + POC:curators - + - c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + PO:cooperl + - + - - - - - - - - - A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). - PO_GIT:467 - portion of root primordium tissue (exact) - primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - root primordia (exact, plural) - 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0005029 - A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). - root primordium + + A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. + PO:0007021 + PO_GIT:185 + etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) + plant growth and development stage (exact) + plant_structure_development_stage + Arabidopsis growth (related) + PO:0009012 + + Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. + plant structure development stage - + - A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). - ISBN:0521288959 - POC:curators + A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. + BFO:0000003 + GO:0032502 + POC:curators - + - primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + + + Arabidopsis growth (related) + TAIR:0000205 - + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). - filoma (Spanish, exact) - フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) + A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. + PO_GIT:472 + meristem (exact) + meristema (Spanish, exact) + meristematic tissue (exact) + 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0006001 + PO:0009013 - - phyllome + portion of meristem tissue - + - A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). - POC:curators + A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. + APweb:Glossary + Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal - + - filoma (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + meristema (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - + - - + + - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). - PO_GIT:472 - PO_GIT:583 - meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). + promeristem (broad) + PO_GIT:579 + AM (exact) + meristema apical (Spanish, exact) + 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0006079 + primary meristem (related) + PO:0020144 - shoot system meristem + apical meristem - + - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). - Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal - POC:Laurel_Cooper + A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). + Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal + POC:Laurel_Cooper + POC:curators - + - meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + meristema apical (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). - PO_GIT:125 - portion of protoderm tissue (exact) - protodermis (Spanish, exact) - 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) + + + + + + + + + + A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). + promeristem (broad) + PO_GIT:472 + SAM (exact) + meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - dermatogen cell (related) - PO:0006210 - A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. - protoderm + primary shoot meristem (related) + PO:0020148 + + shoot apical meristem - + - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). - ISBN:0471245208 - POC:Laurel_Cooper + A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). + POC:Laurel_Cooper + UMSL_curator:fz - + - protodermis (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - - - - - - - - - A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). - PO_GIT:390 - plant_structure_development_stage - Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) - cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) - maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) - plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) - rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) - sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) - wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) - PO:0007033 - - whole plant development stage - - - - - A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). - POC:curators - - - - - + - - - - - - A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). - cell (broad) - GO:0005623 - PO_GIT:56 - c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) - 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) + + + An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). + rwalls + 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z + eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) + plant axes (exact, plural) + 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0009002 - + PO:0025004 - - Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. - plant cell + Includes roots and shoots. + plant axis - + - A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). - GO:0005623 - POC:curators + An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). + POC:curators - + - c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + plant axes (exact, plural) + FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 + + + + + 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. - PO:0003006 - PO_GIT:578 - ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - radices (exact, plural) - radix (exact) - 根 (Japanese, exact) - aerial root (narrow) - climbing root (narrow) + A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). + rwalls + 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z + PO_GIT:63 + estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) + 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0009005 - - - - - - - + PO:0025007 - - Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). - root + Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. + collective plant organ structure - + - A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. - ISBN:978-0879015329 - ISBN:9780964022157 - NYBG:Brandon_Sinn - NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere - POC:Laurel_Cooper - POC:curators + A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). + POC:curators - + - ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - radices (exact, plural) - FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d + 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. + rwalls + 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z + root (broad) + PO_GIT:136 + sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + 根系 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0025025 + + Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. + root system + + + + + A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. + POC:Laurel_Cooper + POC:curators - - - radix (exact) - FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd + + + root (broad) + FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 - + - 根 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + - - - climbing root (narrow) - FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f + + + 根系 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + - + - - - - A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. - PO_GIT:135 - sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) - tree crown (narrow) + + + + + + + + + A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). + rwalls + 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z + caullome (exact) + eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) - thalli (related) - thallus (related) - PO:0009006 + PO:0025029 + + + + + - - The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. - shoot system + Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. + shoot axis - + - A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. - POC:Laurel_Cooper - POC:curators + A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). + POC:curators - + - sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - - thalli (related) - FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 - - - - - - thallus (related) - FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 - - + - - - - - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. - portion of tissue (broad) - tissue (broad) - PO_GIT:59 - porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) - 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) + + + A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. + rwalls + 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z + PO_GIT:274 + PO_GIT:301 + hoja (Spanish, exact) + 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - plant tissue (related) - PO:0009007 + PO:0025034 - - A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. - portion of plant tissue + leaf - + - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. - POC:curators - TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser + A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. + POC:curators - + - porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + hoja (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 葉 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. - organ (broad) - PO_GIT:55 - &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) - 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). + rwalls + 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z + PO_GIT:186 + portion of primordial tissue (exact) + portion of primordium tissue (exact) + primordia (exact, plural) + primordio (Spanish, exact) + 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - compound plant organ (related) - simple plant organ (related) - PO:0009008 - - Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). - plant organ + PO:0025127 + A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. + primordium - + - A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. - POC:curators + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). + POC:curators - + - &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + primordio (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - - simple plant organ (related) - PATO:01503 - - + - - - A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. - PO_GIT:57 - estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) - 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). + rwalls + 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z + PO_GIT:466 + phyllome primordia (exact, plural) + portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) + primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) + フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0009011 - - 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. - plant structure + PO:0025128 + The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. + phyllome primordium - + - A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. - CARO:0000003 - POC:curators + A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). + PMID:11572953 + POC:curators - + - estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - - 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. - PO:cooperl - - + - - A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. - PO:0007021 - PO_GIT:185 - etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) - plant growth and development stage (exact) - plant_structure_development_stage - Arabidopsis growth (related) - PO:0009012 - - Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. - plant structure development stage + + + + An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. + rwalls + 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z + PO_GIT:224 + entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) + 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) + plant_anatomy + PO:0025131 + Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. + plant anatomical entity + + + + - + + + + cjm + + + - A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. - BFO:0000003 - GO:0032502 - POC:curators + An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. + BFO:0000004 + CARO:0000000 + POC:curators - + - etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - Arabidopsis growth (related) - TAIR:0000205 + + + 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + + + + + + Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. + CAROC:Brownsville2014 - + - - - - - - - - - A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. - PO_GIT:472 - meristem (exact) - meristema (Spanish, exact) - meristematic tissue (exact) - 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0009013 - - portion of meristem tissue + + + A maximal whole plant development stage. + rwalls + 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z + PO_GIT:230 + vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) + 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) + plant_structure_development_stage + PO:0025337 + There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. + life of whole plant stage - + - A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. - APweb:Glossary - Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal + A maximal whole plant development stage. + POC:curators - + - meristema (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - + - - + + - A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). - promeristem (broad) - PO_GIT:579 - AM (exact) - meristema apical (Spanish, exact) - 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). + Laurel_Cooper + 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z + phyllome meristem (broad) + PO_GIT:427 + フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - primary meristem (related) - PO:0020144 - - apical meristem + PO:0025430 + The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. + phyllome anlagen - + - A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). - Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal - POC:Laurel_Cooper - POC:curators - - - - - meristema apical (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). + POC:Laurel_Cooper + POC:curators - + - 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - - - - - - - - A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). - promeristem (broad) - PO_GIT:472 - SAM (exact) - meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) + + + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). + Laurel_Cooper + 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z + PO_GIT:427 + precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) + 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - primary shoot meristem (related) - PO:0020148 - - shoot apical meristem + PO:0025433 + Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). + root anlagen - + - A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). - POC:Laurel_Cooper - UMSL_curator:fz + A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). + POC:curators - + - meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 根原基 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). - rwalls - 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z - eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) - plant axes (exact, plural) - 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) + + + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. + Laurel_Cooper + 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z + PO_GIT:480 + estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) + 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0025004 - - Includes roots and shoots. - plant axis + PO:0025496 + Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. + multi-tissue plant structure - + - An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). - POC:curators + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. + CARO:0000055 + POC:curators - + - eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - plant axes (exact, plural) - FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 - - - + - 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - - - - - - - - A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). - rwalls - 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z - PO_GIT:63 - estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) - 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) + + + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). + Laurel_Cooper + 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z + PO_GIT:479 + estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) + 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy - PO:0025007 - - Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. - collective plant organ structure + PO:0025497 + This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). + collective plant structure - + - A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). - POC:curators + A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). + POC:curators - + - estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - + + + A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). + Laurel_Cooper + 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z + PO_GIT:586 + plant_anatomy + PO:0025606 + A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). + native plant cell + + + + + A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). + POC:Laurel_Cooper + + + + + + + + - - + + - A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. + A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls - 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z - root (broad) - PO_GIT:136 - sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - 根系 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025025 + 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z + PO_GIT:139 + PO_GIT:68 + fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) + sporophytic development stage (exact) + sporophytic phase (exact) + sporphyte phase (exact) + 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) + plant_structure_development_stage + PO:0028002 - Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. - root system + A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. + sporophyte development stage - + - A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. - POC:Laurel_Cooper - POC:curators - - - - - root (broad) - FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 + A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. + POC:curators - + - sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo + fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) + POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - + - 根系 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki + 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) + NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - + - - + + + A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. + May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 + Chris Mungall + http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 + system + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + biological structure + connected biological structure + anatomical structure + + + + + + + + - + - A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). - rwalls - 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z - caullome (exact) - eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - shoot (related) - PO:0025029 - - - - - - - Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. - shoot axis + Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. + anatomical unit + body organ + element + organ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. + surface (external) ectoderm + surface ectoderm + external ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. + blastula embryo + blastosphere + blastula + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + material anatomical entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. + system + body system + connected anatomical system + organ system + anatomical systems + anatomical system + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. + organism + multi-cellular organism + Koerper + body + whole body + whole organism + multicellular organism + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. + acellular anatomical structures + acellular anatomical structure + + + + + + + + + Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. + anatomical cluster + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. + portion of tissue + tissue portion + simple tissue + tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. + epithelial tissue + portion of epithelium + epithelium - - - - A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). - POC:curators - - - - - eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. - rwalls - 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z - PO_GIT:274 - PO_GIT:301 - hoja (Spanish, exact) - 葉 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025034 - - leaf + + + Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. + stratified epithelium + laminated epithelium + multilaminar epithelium - - - - A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. - POC:curators - - - - - hoja (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 葉 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). - rwalls - 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z - PO_GIT:186 - portion of primordial tissue (exact) - portion of primordium tissue (exact) - primordia (exact, plural) - primordio (Spanish, exact) - 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025127 - A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. - primordium + + + Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. + simple epithelium + unilaminar epithelia + unilaminar epithelium - - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). - POC:curators - - - - - primordio (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - + + + Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. + embryonic organism + developing organism + developmental tissue + embryo + + + + + + + + + A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. + embryonic tissue + germinal layer + primary germ layer + embryonic germ layer + embryonic germ layers + germ layer + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). - rwalls - 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z - PO_GIT:466 - phyllome primordia (exact, plural) - portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) - primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) - フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025128 - The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. - phyllome primordium + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. + embryonic ectoderm + ectoderm - - - - A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). - PMID:11572953 - POC:curators - - - - - primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - + + + + Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. + apparatus respiratorius + respiratory system + Atmungssystem + apparatus respiratorius + systema respiratorium + respiratory system + + + + + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + anatomical entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. - rwalls - 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z - PO_GIT:224 - entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) - 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025131 - Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. - plant anatomical entity + Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. + developing embryonic structure + embryonic anatomical structure + developing structure + embryonale Struktur + embryonic structures + embryonic structure - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - - - An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. - BFO:0000004 - CARO:0000000 - POC:curators - - - - - entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - - - - Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. - CAROC:Brownsville2014 - - + - - - A maximal whole plant development stage. - rwalls - 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z - PO_GIT:230 - vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) - 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) - plant_structure_development_stage - PO:0025337 - There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. - life of whole plant stage + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. + portion of connective tissue + textus connectivus + Bindegewebe + connective tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. + integumentary system + body surface + dermal system + external covering of organism + integumentum commune + organism surface + surface + integumental system - - - - A maximal whole plant development stage. - POC:curators - - - - - vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - + + + In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. + epiblast + blastocyst + ectoblast + epiblastus + primitive ectoderm + epiblast (generic) + + + + + + + + - + - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). - Laurel_Cooper - 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z - phyllome meristem (broad) - PO_GIT:427 - フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025430 - The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. - phyllome anlagen + Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. + gill - - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). - POC:Laurel_Cooper - POC:curators - - - - - フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). - Laurel_Cooper - 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z - PO_GIT:427 - precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) - 根原基 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025433 - Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). - root anlagen + + + Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. + anatomical surface feature + surface feature + surface region + surface structures + surface structure - - - - A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). - POC:curators - - - - - precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 根原基 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. - Laurel_Cooper - 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z - PO_GIT:480 - estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) - 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025496 - Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. - multi-tissue plant structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + apparatus respiratorius connective tissue + apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue + apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus + connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + connective tissue of respiratory system + portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + portion of connective tissue of respiratory system + respiratory system portion of connective tissue + respiratory system textus connectivus + textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius + textus connectivus of respiratory system + respiratory system connective tissue - - - - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. - CARO:0000055 - POC:curators - - - - - estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). - Laurel_Cooper - 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z - PO_GIT:479 - estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) - 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) - plant_anatomy - PO:0025497 - This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). - collective plant structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. + ectodermal deriviative + ectoderm-derived structure - - - - A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). - POC:curators - - - - - estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). - Laurel_Cooper - 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z - PO_GIT:586 - plant_anatomy - PO:0025606 - A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). - native plant cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue + apparatus respiratorius epithelium + epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius + epithelial tissue of respiratory system + epithelium of apparatus respiratorius + epithelium of respiratory system + respiratory system epithelial tissue + respiratory system epithelium - - - - A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). - POC:Laurel_Cooper - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. - rwalls - 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z - PO_GIT:139 - PO_GIT:68 - fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) - sporophytic development stage (exact) - sporophytic phase (exact) - sporphyte phase (exact) - 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) - plant_structure_development_stage - PO:0028002 - - A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. - sporophyte development stage + A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. + portion of embryonic tissue + developing tissue + embryonic tissue - - - - A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. - POC:curators - - - - - fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) - POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo - - - - - - 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) - NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki - - - + - - - A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. - May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 - Chris Mungall - http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 - system + + + developing structure + developmental structure + developmental tissue + developing anatomical structure - - - - - Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. - biological structure - connected biological structure - anatomical structure + + + + + + + + + + + An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. + acellular membrane - + - - + + - + - Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. - anatomical unit - body organ - element - organ + An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. + basement membrane of connective tissue + membrana basalis + basement membrane + basement membrane of epithelium - + - - - - Anatomical entity that has mass. - material anatomical entity + + + Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. + future structure + presumptive structures + presumptive structure - + - - + + - + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. + presumptive epidermis + presumptive ectoderm + + + + + + + + - - + + - Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. - system - body system - connected anatomical system - organ system - anatomical systems - anatomical system + A rigid covering that envelops an object. + shell - + - - - Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. - organism - multi-cellular organism - animal - Koerper - body - whole body - whole organism - multicellular organism + + + Organism at the cleavage stage. + cleaving embryo - + - - + + + - - + + - Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. - portion of tissue - tissue portion - simple tissue - tissue + The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. + epidermis + epidermis (sensu Metazoa) + outer epidermal layer + outer epithelial layer + hypoderm + hypodermis + outer epithelium - + - - - Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. - apparatus respiratorius - respiratory system - Atmungssystem - apparatus respiratorius - systema respiratorium - respiratory system + + + + + + + + + + + Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. + EVL + enveloping layer + enveloping layer of ectoderm - + - - - Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. - anatomical entity + + + An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. + multicellular structure + multicellular anatomical structure - + - - + + + + + + + + + + germ layer / neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. + ectoderm-derived epithelium + ecto-epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. - gill + A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. + respiratory system basement membrane - + - - - An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. - multicellular structure - multicellular anatomical structure + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. + disconnected anatomical group @@ -25524,7 +28852,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T17:25:21Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 @@ -25538,7 +28866,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T17:51:32Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion @@ -25551,7 +28879,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T17:52:41Z Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 @@ -25566,7 +28894,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T17:54:35Z Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 @@ -25581,7 +28909,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T17:56:13Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 @@ -25596,7 +28924,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:10:52Z Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 @@ -25611,7 +28939,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:12:28Z Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 @@ -25626,7 +28954,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:15:11Z Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 @@ -25641,7 +28969,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:17:15Z Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 @@ -25656,7 +28984,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:24:06Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 @@ -25671,7 +28999,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-05T18:26:16Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 @@ -25685,7 +29013,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:01:41Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion @@ -25698,7 +29026,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:02:37Z Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 @@ -25713,7 +29041,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:07:38Z WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 @@ -25728,7 +29056,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:11:38Z WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 @@ -25743,7 +29071,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:13:00Z WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 @@ -25758,7 +29086,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:15:07Z Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 @@ -25773,7 +29101,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:18:55Z WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 @@ -25787,7 +29115,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:20:56Z WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 @@ -25801,7 +29129,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:24:28Z Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 @@ -25816,7 +29144,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:26:15Z WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 @@ -25830,7 +29158,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:28:43Z WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 @@ -25844,7 +29172,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:30:23Z WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 @@ -25858,7 +29186,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:31:29Z WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 @@ -25873,7 +29201,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:39:32Z WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 @@ -25888,7 +29216,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:42:47Z WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 @@ -25902,7 +29230,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:44:54Z WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 @@ -25917,7 +29245,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:46:58Z Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 @@ -25932,7 +29260,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-06T22:54:57Z WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 @@ -25947,7 +29275,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-07T00:08:06Z WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 @@ -25961,7 +29289,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-07T00:11:29Z WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 @@ -25975,7 +29303,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-07T00:13:33Z WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 @@ -25990,7 +29318,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-07T00:16:12Z WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 @@ -26005,7 +29333,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-03-07T00:18:09Z WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 @@ -26018,7 +29346,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-04-26T23:38:50Z Indo-Malay Ecoregion @@ -26032,7 +29360,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-04-26T23:40:13Z WWF:IM1304 @@ -26047,7 +29375,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I - + 2019-04-27T00:12:51Z WWF:IM1303 @@ -26062,7 +29390,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. - + 2019-08-20T13:47:18Z envoAtmo envoPolar @@ -26082,7 +29410,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. - + 2019-08-20T13:48:44Z envoAtmo envoPolar @@ -26103,7 +29431,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. - + 2020-05-19T22:27:44Z Solar radiation @@ -26161,6 +29489,39 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// --> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -26169,9 +29530,1373 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + true + MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z + infer input from direct reg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), +e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' + enabling an MF enables its parts + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + true + GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' + involved in BP + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. + inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + effector input is compound function input + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Input of effector is input of its parent MF + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/go_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/go_import.owl index a85945a..3402bff 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/go_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/go_import.owl @@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - - 2022-10-05 + + + 2024-02-06 @@ -43,6 +44,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -147,22 +154,46 @@ - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -181,6 +212,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -217,6 +254,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -342,7 +385,8 @@ - A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729 GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity @@ -356,15 +400,14 @@ - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component - A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). GOC:pdt - NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 @@ -399,19 +442,19 @@ A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. - ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm - GOC:mah + GOC:mah protoplast - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -435,16 +478,49 @@ + - - Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. + Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. - ISBN:0198547684 + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023 + Wikipedia:Cytoplasm + cellular_component + GO:0005737 + + + + + + + + cytoplasm + + + + + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + ISBN:0198547684 @@ -472,16 +548,16 @@ - - nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:ai - - Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. - GOC:ai + + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -489,7 +565,6 @@ - Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 @@ -510,7 +585,7 @@ Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. - ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0198506732 @@ -528,8 +603,8 @@ + - DNA repair @@ -556,7 +631,7 @@ - + @@ -573,7 +648,7 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -595,8 +670,8 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:ai - ISBN:0198506732 + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 @@ -606,9 +681,11 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0006807 + nitrogen compound metabolic process @@ -617,8 +694,8 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. - GOC:jl - ISBN:0198506732 + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 @@ -645,7 +722,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -655,21 +732,22 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24775 GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus - DNA damage response cellular DNA damage response + cellular response to DNA damage stimulus response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 - cellular response to DNA damage stimulus + DNA damage response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -677,7 +755,8 @@ - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 @@ -697,13 +776,13 @@ - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt @@ -738,8 +817,8 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. - GOC:go_curators - ISBN:0198547684 + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198547684 @@ -760,7 +839,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. - GOC:jl + GOC:jl Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation @@ -785,7 +864,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. - GOC:hb + GOC:hb @@ -830,7 +909,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -877,7 +956,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -900,14 +979,15 @@ GO:0009987 + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:isa_complete + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete @@ -926,7 +1006,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). - GOC:sm + GOC:sm Wikipedia:X-ray @@ -967,7 +1047,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. - GOC:tair_curators + GOC:tair_curators @@ -1003,8 +1083,8 @@ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -1040,8 +1120,8 @@ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -1080,14 +1160,14 @@ Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -1127,13 +1207,13 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators regulation of organismal metabolic process - GOC:tb + GOC:tb @@ -1171,7 +1251,7 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1214,7 +1294,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1258,7 +1338,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1279,7 +1359,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1290,9 +1370,11 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 cellular nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0034641 + cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process @@ -1300,7 +1382,7 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1325,9 +1407,9 @@ A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. - GOC:bf - GOC:mah - GOC:vw + GOC:bf + GOC:mah + GOC:vw PMID:20096808 PMID:21035408 @@ -1341,13 +1423,13 @@ DNA damage foci - GOC:vw + GOC:vw DNA damage focus - GOC:mah + GOC:mah PMID:20096808 PMID:21035408 @@ -1373,6 +1455,8 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 + GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process @@ -1381,6 +1465,7 @@ multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 + macromolecule metabolic process @@ -1388,7 +1473,7 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1411,14 +1496,14 @@ - + organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1431,8 +1516,8 @@ https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21881 NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 non-membrane-enclosed organelle - biological condensate cellular_component + biological condensate GO:0043228 non-membrane-bounded organelle @@ -1441,7 +1526,7 @@ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1477,7 +1562,7 @@ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1509,7 +1594,7 @@ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1525,19 +1610,20 @@ intermediary metabolism GO:0044237 + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators intermediary metabolism - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -1547,9 +1633,11 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 + primary metabolic process @@ -1557,40 +1645,12 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GO:0034960 - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - cellular macromolecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044260 - cellular macromolecule metabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - - - - @@ -1606,8 +1666,8 @@ + - @@ -1627,7 +1687,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1647,8 +1707,8 @@ + - @@ -1669,7 +1729,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -1712,14 +1772,14 @@ Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -1763,14 +1823,14 @@ Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -1790,7 +1850,7 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). - ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0198506732 @@ -1833,7 +1893,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -1875,7 +1935,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -1919,7 +1979,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -1962,7 +2022,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -1999,7 +2059,7 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -2042,7 +2102,7 @@ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -2084,7 +2144,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + GOC:jid @@ -2124,8 +2184,8 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:ai - GOC:go_curators + GOC:ai + GOC:go_curators @@ -2163,7 +2223,7 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:go_curators + GOC:go_curators @@ -2182,7 +2242,7 @@ - + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus @@ -2190,8 +2250,8 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. - GOC:ai - GOC:bf + GOC:ai + GOC:bf @@ -2229,7 +2289,7 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. - GOC:ai + GOC:ai @@ -2271,7 +2331,7 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. - GOC:ai + GOC:ai @@ -2314,7 +2374,7 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. - GOC:ai + GOC:ai @@ -2351,14 +2411,14 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. - GOC:ai - GOC:tb + GOC:ai + GOC:tb regulation of nitrogen metabolic process - GOC:tb + GOC:tb @@ -2400,14 +2460,14 @@ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. - GOC:ai - GOC:tb + GOC:ai + GOC:tb negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process - GOC:tb + GOC:tb @@ -2450,14 +2510,14 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. - GOC:ai - GOC:tb + GOC:ai + GOC:tb positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process - GOC:tb + GOC:tb @@ -2478,8 +2538,8 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. - GOC:bf - GOC:jl + GOC:bf + GOC:jl @@ -2514,8 +2574,8 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -2536,11 +2596,11 @@ Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mah - GOC:pr - GOC:vw + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mah + GOC:pr + GOC:vw @@ -2564,13 +2624,13 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to abiotic stress - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2594,19 +2654,19 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to radiation stimulus - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2629,19 +2689,19 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to ionising radiation - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2664,19 +2724,19 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2698,13 +2758,13 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). - GOC:mah + GOC:mah cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2714,6 +2774,7 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 mah 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z organic molecular entity metabolic process @@ -2721,13 +2782,14 @@ organic substance metabolism biological_process GO:0071704 + organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah @@ -2852,6 +2914,7 @@ Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26133 tb 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process @@ -2862,8 +2925,8 @@ Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -2890,7 +2953,43 @@ A region of a chromosome at which DNA damage has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. - GOC:pg + GOC:pg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. + cellular_component + GO:0099568 + + cytoplasmic region + + + + + Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. + GOC:dos @@ -2910,7 +3009,7 @@ Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. - GOC:dos + GOC:dos @@ -2920,17 +3019,21 @@ A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24200 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 kmv 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z cellular_component GO:0110165 + + cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. - GOC:kmv + GOC:kmv @@ -2951,13 +3054,13 @@ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -2997,21 +3100,21 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -3064,93 +3167,93 @@ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -3203,93 +3306,93 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma radiation - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -3328,13 +3431,13 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus - GOC:obol + GOC:obol @@ -3374,13 +3477,13 @@ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus - GOC:obol + GOC:obol @@ -3420,212 +3523,13 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus - GOC:obol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - yaf - 2011-08-19T10:20:25Z - regulation of DNA damage response - regulation of cellular DNA damage response - regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - regulation of response to genotoxic stress - biological_process - GO:2001020 - regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of response to genotoxic stress - GOC:obol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - yaf - 2011-08-19T10:20:29Z - negative regulation of DNA damage response - negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response - negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress - biological_process - GO:2001021 - negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress - GOC:obol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - yaf - 2011-08-19T10:20:33Z - positive regulation of DNA damage response - positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response - positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress - biological_process - GO:2001022 - positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress - GOC:obol + GOC:obol @@ -3664,19 +3568,19 @@ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma ray - GOC:obol + GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:obol + GOC:obol @@ -3716,19 +3620,19 @@ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma ray - GOC:obol + GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:obol + GOC:obol @@ -3768,23 +3672,23 @@ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. - GOC:obol + GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma ray - GOC:obol + GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon - GOC:obol + GOC:obol - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/go_top.tmp.owl b/src/ontology/imports/go_top.tmp.owl index 25f296c..259875d 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/go_top.tmp.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/go_top.tmp.owl @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh PMID:10357855 @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh PMID:10915863 @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -232,26 +232,26 @@ The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh PMID:10357855 HDR - GOC:vk + GOC:vk Rad51-dependent recombinational repair - GOC:mah + GOC:mah homology-directed repair - GOC:vk + GOC:vk @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh PMID:10357855 @@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ + - DNA repair @@ -335,33 +335,33 @@ The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. - PMID:10197977 + PMID:10197977 PMID:11900249 TC-NER - PMID:10197977 + PMID:10197977 transcription-coupled NER - GOC:mah + GOC:mah transcription-coupled repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:18794354 TCR - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:18794354 @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. - ISBN:0815316194 + ISBN:0815316194 @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts). - PMID:10197977 + PMID:10197977 @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers. - ISBN:0815316194 + ISBN:0815316194 @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. - ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0198506732 PMID:11687886 @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear. - GOC:rph + GOC:rph PMID:10827453 PMID:24837021 @@ -551,8 +551,8 @@ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -590,15 +590,15 @@ The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide. - GOC:elh - GOC:vw + GOC:elh + GOC:vw PMID:10535901 bypass DNA synthesis - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication. - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:16464006 PMID:22064477 @@ -642,6 +642,7 @@ 2012-08-07T11:11:59Z recombination-dependent interstrand cross-link repair biological_process + Fanconi pathway GO:0036298 recombinational interstrand cross-link repair @@ -649,14 +650,20 @@ Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region. - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:20658649 recombination-dependent interstrand cross-link repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw + + + + + Fanconi pathway + PMID:31563844 @@ -678,7 +685,7 @@ Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination. - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:11154259 PMID:22064477 @@ -686,13 +693,13 @@ recombination-independent ICL repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw recombination-independent interstrand cross-link repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw @@ -713,8 +720,8 @@ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate. - GOC:elh - GOC:jl + GOC:elh + GOC:jl PMID:11459630 @@ -736,21 +743,21 @@ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites. - GOC:elh - GOC:jl + GOC:elh + GOC:jl PMID:11485998 error-prone postreplication DNA repair - GOC:elh + GOC:elh mutagenic postreplication DNA repair - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -826,7 +833,7 @@ Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity. - GOC:ai + GOC:ai @@ -865,15 +872,15 @@ A mismatch repair process that corrects errors introduced that ensures the accuracy of DNA replication. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + GOC:dph + GOC:tb @@ -898,40 +905,40 @@ The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome. - PMID:10197977 + PMID:10197977 PMID:18794354 GG-NER - PMID:10197977 + PMID:10197977 GGR - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:18794354 global genome NER - GOC:mah + GOC:mah global genomic nucleotide-excision repair - GOC:mah - GOC:vw + GOC:mah + GOC:vw global genomic repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:18794354 @@ -957,41 +964,41 @@ A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). - GOC:mah + GOC:mah PMID:9619100 UV-damaged DNA endonuclease-dependent excision repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw UVDE-dependent excision repair - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:9619100 UVER - GOC:vw + GOC:vw PMID:9619100 AER - GOC:mah + GOC:mah PMID:10704216 alternative excision repair - GOC:mah + GOC:mah PMID:10704216 @@ -1013,7 +1020,7 @@ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level. - GOC:elh + GOC:elh @@ -1035,7 +1042,7 @@ The repair of double-strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. - GOC:di + GOC:di PMID:22214610 @@ -1059,7 +1066,7 @@ The repair of a double-strand break in mitochondrial DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. - GOC:di + GOC:di PMID:22214610 @@ -1082,7 +1089,7 @@ An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that requires a number of factors important for V(D)J recombination, including the KU70/80 heterodimer (KU), XRCC4, ligase IV, and DNA-PKcs in mammals. It does not produce translocations (as opposed to the alternative nonhomologous end joining). - GOC:rph + GOC:rph PMID:18584027 @@ -1107,7 +1114,7 @@ An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment. - GOC:rph + GOC:rph PMID:18584027 PMID:21655080 Wikipedia:Microhomology-mediated_end_joining @@ -1130,8 +1137,8 @@ A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:jbu PMID:24703901 @@ -1197,26 +1204,26 @@ Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair. - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie PMID:22064477 NER involved in ICL repair - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie NER involved in interstrand cross-link repair - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie nucleotide-excision repair involved in ICL repair - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -1240,7 +1247,7 @@ Single strand break repair that takes place in a telomere. - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000062 PMID:24374808 @@ -1248,7 +1255,7 @@ single strand break repair in telomere - GOC:TermGenie + GOC:TermGenie @@ -1270,7 +1277,7 @@ The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. - GOC:bhm + GOC:bhm PMID:24339919 @@ -1292,7 +1299,7 @@ The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks. - GOC:rb + GOC:rb PMID:12820977 PMID:16888651 @@ -1335,12 +1342,12 @@ The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination. - GOC:mah + GOC:mah PMID:15238514 - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl index 4f26444..ff7d9ec 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl @@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#" xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#"> - - 2022-10-06 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ - definition + definition @@ -41,6 +42,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -50,7 +57,7 @@ - has_broad_synonym + has_broad_synonym @@ -58,7 +65,7 @@ - database_cross_reference + database_cross_reference @@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ - has_exact_synonym + has_exact_synonym @@ -103,15 +110,17 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - all - root + GC_ID:1 + PMID:30365038 + PMID:32761142 + ncbi_taxonomy + all + root - all + all @@ -122,15 +131,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - hamsters - ncbi_taxonomy - Cricetinae + GC_ID:1 + hamsters + ncbi_taxonomy + Cricetinae - hamsters + hamsters @@ -141,9 +150,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Mesocricetus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Mesocricetus @@ -153,10 +162,10 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - Muridae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15371245 + ncbi_taxonomy + Muridae @@ -166,23 +175,23 @@ - GC_ID:1 - rat - rats - ncbi_taxonomy - Rattus + GC_ID:1 + rat + rats + ncbi_taxonomy + Rattus - rat - + rat + - rats - + rats + @@ -192,9 +201,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Obtectomera + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Obtectomera @@ -204,16 +213,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:1537974 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Allolobophorinae - Lumbricinae + NCBITaxon:1537974 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Allolobophorinae + Lumbricinae - Allolobophorinae + Allolobophorinae @@ -223,9 +232,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricus terrestris complex + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricus terrestris complex @@ -234,9 +243,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricus rubellus complex + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricus rubellus complex @@ -246,9 +255,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Xenoturbellida + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Xenoturbellida @@ -258,9 +267,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Xenoturbella + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Xenoturbella @@ -270,9 +279,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Sarsostraca + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Sarsostraca @@ -282,9 +291,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Phyllopoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Phyllopoda @@ -294,9 +303,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Anomopoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Anomopoda @@ -305,10 +314,10 @@ - NCBITaxon:6795 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eubrachyura + NCBITaxon:6795 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eubrachyura @@ -317,18 +326,18 @@ - NCBITaxon:29963 - NCBITaxon:6773 - NCBITaxon:6803 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachyrhyncha - Heterotremata + NCBITaxon:29963 + NCBITaxon:6773 + NCBITaxon:6803 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Brachyrhyncha + Heterotremata - Brachyrhyncha + Brachyrhyncha @@ -339,9 +348,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Teleostomi + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Teleostomi @@ -351,16 +360,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:40673 - GC_ID:1 - bony vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - Euteleostomi + NCBITaxon:40673 + GC_ID:1 + bony vertebrates + ncbi_taxonomy + Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates + bony vertebrates @@ -371,16 +380,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:27837 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Adenophorea - Chromadorea + NCBITaxon:27837 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Adenophorea + Chromadorea - Adenophorea + Adenophorea @@ -391,9 +400,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ecdysozoa + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ecdysozoa @@ -403,9 +412,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Lophotrochozoa + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Lophotrochozoa @@ -415,9 +424,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neoteleostei + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neoteleostei @@ -427,15 +436,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eurypterygii - Eurypterygia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eurypterygii + Eurypterygia - Eurypterygii + Eurypterygii @@ -446,9 +455,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ctenosquamata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ctenosquamata @@ -458,15 +467,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acanthomorpha - Acanthomorphata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acanthomorpha + Acanthomorphata - Acanthomorpha + Acanthomorpha @@ -477,15 +486,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Euacanthomorpha - Euacanthomorphacea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Euacanthomorpha + Euacanthomorphacea - Euacanthomorpha + Euacanthomorpha @@ -496,22 +505,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - charophyte/embryophyte group - ncbi_taxonomy - Charophyta/Embryophyta group - Streptophytina + GC_ID:1 + charophyte/embryophyte group + ncbi_taxonomy + Charophyta/Embryophyta group + Streptophytina - charophyte/embryophyte group + charophyte/embryophyte group - Charophyta/Embryophyta group + Charophyta/Embryophyta group @@ -522,9 +531,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Xenacoelomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Xenacoelomorpha @@ -533,15 +542,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - biota - cellular organisms + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + biota + cellular organisms - biota + biota @@ -552,24 +561,24 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:22839753 - PMID:25450099 - ncbi_taxonomy - Archosauria-Testudines - Testudines + Archosauria group - Archelosauria + GC_ID:1 + PMID:22839753 + PMID:25450099 + ncbi_taxonomy + Archosauria-Testudines + Testudines + Archosauria group + Archelosauria - Archosauria-Testudines + Archosauria-Testudines - Testudines + Archosauria group + Testudines + Archosauria group @@ -580,9 +589,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Dipnotetrapodomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Dipnotetrapodomorpha @@ -592,17 +601,17 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11743200 - PMID:11791233 - ncbi_taxonomy - Boreotheria - Boreoeutheria + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11743200 + PMID:11791233 + ncbi_taxonomy + Boreotheria + Boreoeutheria - Boreotheria + Boreotheria @@ -613,9 +622,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acrogymnospermae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acrogymnospermae @@ -625,10 +634,10 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:25249442 - ncbi_taxonomy - Mesangiospermae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:25249442 + ncbi_taxonomy + Mesangiospermae @@ -638,10 +647,10 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:26350789 - ncbi_taxonomy - Petrosaviidae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:26350789 + ncbi_taxonomy + Petrosaviidae @@ -651,9 +660,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Pinales + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Pinales @@ -663,9 +672,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acoelomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acoelomorpha @@ -675,15 +684,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - true yeasts - ncbi_taxonomy - Saccharomycotina + GC_ID:1 + true yeasts + ncbi_taxonomy + Saccharomycotina - true yeasts + true yeasts @@ -694,15 +703,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Archiascomycota - Schizosaccharomycetes + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Archiascomycota + Schizosaccharomycetes - Archiascomycota + Archiascomycota @@ -713,9 +722,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Osteoglossocephalai + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Osteoglossocephalai @@ -725,9 +734,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Euteleosteomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Euteleosteomorpha @@ -737,9 +746,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Percomorphaceae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Percomorphaceae @@ -749,22 +758,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Carangimorpha - Carangimorphariae - Carangaria + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Carangimorpha + Carangimorphariae + Carangaria - Carangimorpha + Carangimorpha - Carangimorphariae + Carangimorphariae @@ -775,9 +784,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Xenoturbellidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Xenoturbellidae @@ -787,22 +796,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Galloanseri - ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies - Galloanserae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Galloanseri + ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies + Galloanserae - Galloanseri + Galloanseri - ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies + ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies @@ -813,23 +822,23 @@ - NCBITaxon:29008 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eisenia fetida andrei - Eiseniella andrei - Eisenia andrei + NCBITaxon:29008 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eisenia fetida andrei + Eiseniella andrei + Eisenia andrei - Eisenia fetida andrei + Eisenia fetida andrei - Eiseniella andrei + Eiseniella andrei @@ -840,9 +849,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Actinopteri + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Actinopteri @@ -851,9 +860,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Clupeocephala + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Clupeocephala @@ -863,15 +872,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Otophysa - Otophysi + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Otophysa + Otophysi - Otophysa + Otophysa @@ -882,15 +891,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cypriniphysi - Cypriniphysae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cypriniphysi + Cypriniphysae - Cypriniphysi + Cypriniphysi @@ -901,22 +910,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ostarioclupeomorpha - Otocephala - Otomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ostarioclupeomorpha + Otocephala + Otomorpha - Ostarioclupeomorpha + Ostarioclupeomorpha - Otocephala + Otocephala @@ -927,22 +936,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - mice and others - ncbi_taxonomy - Sciurognathi - Myomorpha + GC_ID:1 + mice and others + ncbi_taxonomy + Sciurognathi + Myomorpha - mice and others + mice and others - Sciurognathi + Sciurognathi @@ -953,9 +962,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Enchytraeida + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Enchytraeida @@ -965,11 +974,11 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:10874751 - PMID:11557979 - ncbi_taxonomy - Pancrustacea + GC_ID:1 + PMID:10874751 + PMID:11557979 + ncbi_taxonomy + Pancrustacea @@ -979,18 +988,18 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11557979 - PMID:9727836 - mandibulates - ncbi_taxonomy - Mandibulata + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11557979 + PMID:9727836 + mandibulates + ncbi_taxonomy + Mandibulata - mandibulates - + mandibulates + @@ -1000,15 +1009,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Homo/Pan/Gorilla group - Homininae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Homo/Pan/Gorilla group + Homininae - Homo/Pan/Gorilla group + Homo/Pan/Gorilla group @@ -1019,9 +1028,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Multicrustacea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Multicrustacea @@ -1031,9 +1040,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Hirudinida + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Hirudinida @@ -1043,9 +1052,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditina + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rhabditina @@ -1055,9 +1064,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rhabditomorpha @@ -1067,9 +1076,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Discoba + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Discoba @@ -1079,9 +1088,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ochrophyta + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ochrophyta @@ -1091,9 +1100,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Spiralia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Spiralia @@ -1103,15 +1112,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - SAR supergroup - Sar + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + SAR supergroup + Sar - SAR supergroup + SAR supergroup @@ -1122,9 +1131,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Danionidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Danionidae @@ -1134,9 +1143,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Danioninae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Danioninae @@ -1146,59 +1155,59 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:23020233 - PMID:30257078 - eucaryotes - eukaryotes - ncbi_taxonomy - Eucarya - Eucaryotae - Eukarya - Eukaryotae - eukaryotes - Eukaryota + GC_ID:1 + PMID:23020233 + PMID:30257078 + eucaryotes + eukaryotes + ncbi_taxonomy + Eucarya + Eucaryotae + Eukarya + Eukaryotae + eukaryotes + Eukaryota - eucaryotes + eucaryotes - eukaryotes - + eukaryotes + - Eucarya + Eucarya - Eucaryotae + Eucaryotae - Eukarya + Eukarya - Eukaryotae + Eukaryotae - eukaryotes + eukaryotes @@ -1209,9 +1218,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Bovinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Bovinae @@ -1221,9 +1230,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Crassiclitellata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Crassiclitellata @@ -1233,10 +1242,10 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:19761858 - ncbi_taxonomy - Conifers I + GC_ID:1 + PMID:19761858 + ncbi_taxonomy + Conifers I @@ -1246,50 +1255,50 @@ - GC_ID:1 - brown algae - ncbi_taxonomy - Chromophycota - Fucophyceae - Phaeophyta - algae - brown algae - Phaeophyceae + GC_ID:1 + brown algae + ncbi_taxonomy + Chromophycota + Fucophyceae + Phaeophyta + algae + brown algae + Phaeophyceae - brown algae + brown algae - Chromophycota + Chromophycota - Fucophyceae + Fucophyceae - Phaeophyta + Phaeophyta - algae + algae - brown algae + brown algae @@ -1300,9 +1309,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Oryzomys + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Oryzomys @@ -1312,9 +1321,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cancroidea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cancroidea @@ -1324,41 +1333,60 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Ranoidea - ncbi_taxonomy - Ranoidea Rafinesque, 1814 - Ranoidea <superfamily> + GC_ID:1 + Ranoidea + ncbi_taxonomy + Ranoidea Rafinesque, 1814 + Ranoidea <superfamily> - Ranoidea + Ranoidea - Ranoidea Rafinesque, 1814 + Ranoidea Rafinesque, 1814 + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + Anthophila + ncbi_taxonomy + Anthophila <bees> + + + + + Anthophila + + + + + - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cyprinoidea - Cyprinoidei + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cyprinoidea + Cyprinoidei - Cyprinoidea + Cyprinoidea @@ -1369,16 +1397,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:30946 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Soleoidei - Pleuronectoidei + NCBITaxon:30946 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Soleoidei + Pleuronectoidei - Soleoidei + Soleoidei @@ -1389,12 +1417,12 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11214318 - PMID:11214319 - PMID:12878460 - ncbi_taxonomy - Laurasiatheria + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11214318 + PMID:11214319 + PMID:12878460 + ncbi_taxonomy + Laurasiatheria @@ -1404,13 +1432,13 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11214319 - PMID:12082125 - PMID:12878460 - PMID:15522813 - ncbi_taxonomy - Euarchontoglires + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11214319 + PMID:12082125 + PMID:12878460 + PMID:15522813 + ncbi_taxonomy + Euarchontoglires @@ -1420,18 +1448,18 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11214319 - PMID:12082125 - PMID:15522813 - Rodents and rabbits - ncbi_taxonomy - Glires + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11214319 + PMID:12082125 + PMID:15522813 + Rodents and rabbits + ncbi_taxonomy + Glires - Rodents and rabbits + Rodents and rabbits @@ -1442,15 +1470,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Anthropoidea - Simiiformes + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Anthropoidea + Simiiformes - Anthropoidea + Anthropoidea @@ -1461,9 +1489,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cercopithecoidea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cercopithecoidea @@ -1473,22 +1501,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ape - apes - ncbi_taxonomy - Hominoidea + GC_ID:1 + ape + apes + ncbi_taxonomy + Hominoidea - ape - + ape + - apes + apes @@ -1499,36 +1527,36 @@ - GC_ID:1 - higher plants - land plants - plants - ncbi_taxonomy - land plants - Embryophyta + GC_ID:1 + higher plants + land plants + plants + ncbi_taxonomy + land plants + Embryophyta - higher plants - + higher plants + - land plants - + land plants + - plants - + plants + - land plants + land plants @@ -1539,44 +1567,37 @@ - NCBITaxon:3194 - GC_ID:1 - mosses - ncbi_taxonomy - Bryopsida - Musci - bryophytes - mosses - Bryophyta + NCBITaxon:3194 + GC_ID:1 + mosses + ncbi_taxonomy + Musci + bryophytes + mosses + Bryophyta - mosses + mosses - Bryopsida - - - - - - Musci + Musci - bryophytes + bryophytes - mosses + mosses @@ -1587,15 +1608,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - teleost fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Teleostei + GC_ID:1 + teleost fishes + ncbi_taxonomy + Teleostei - teleost fishes + teleost fishes @@ -1606,9 +1627,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ostariophysi + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ostariophysi @@ -1618,15 +1639,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - tetrapods - ncbi_taxonomy - Tetrapoda + GC_ID:1 + tetrapods + ncbi_taxonomy + Tetrapoda - tetrapods + tetrapods @@ -1637,15 +1658,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - amniotes - ncbi_taxonomy - Amniota + GC_ID:1 + amniotes + ncbi_taxonomy + Amniota - amniotes + amniotes @@ -1656,15 +1677,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Theria - ncbi_taxonomy - Theria <mammals> + GC_ID:1 + Theria + ncbi_taxonomy + Theria <mammals> - Theria + Theria @@ -1675,22 +1696,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - diapsids - ncbi_taxonomy - Diapsida - Sauria + GC_ID:1 + diapsids + ncbi_taxonomy + Diapsida + Sauria - diapsids + diapsids - Diapsida + Diapsida @@ -1701,52 +1722,52 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:16248873 - PMID:30257078 - Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group - chlorophyte/embryophyte group - green plants - ncbi_taxonomy - Chlorobionta - Chloroplastida - green plants - Viridiplantae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:16248873 + PMID:30257078 + Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group + chlorophyte/embryophyte group + green plants + ncbi_taxonomy + Chlorobionta + Chloroplastida + green plants + Viridiplantae - Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group + Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group - chlorophyte/embryophyte group + chlorophyte/embryophyte group - green plants - + green plants + - Chlorobionta + Chlorobionta - Chloroplastida + Chloroplastida - green plants + green plants @@ -1757,16 +1778,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:1445965 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Coniferales - Pinidae + NCBITaxon:1445965 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Coniferales + Pinidae - Coniferales + Coniferales @@ -1777,22 +1798,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Fungi/Metazoa group - opisthokonts - Opisthokonta + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Fungi/Metazoa group + opisthokonts + Opisthokonta - Fungi/Metazoa group + Fungi/Metazoa group - opisthokonts + opisthokonts @@ -1803,16 +1824,16 @@ - GC_ID:1 - pine family - ncbi_taxonomy - Pinaceae + GC_ID:1 + pine family + ncbi_taxonomy + Pinaceae - pine family - + pine family + @@ -1822,36 +1843,36 @@ - GC_ID:1 - metazoans - multicellular animals - ncbi_taxonomy - Animalia - animals - Metazoa + GC_ID:1 + metazoans + multicellular animals + ncbi_taxonomy + Animalia + animals + Metazoa - metazoans + metazoans - multicellular animals - + multicellular animals + - Animalia + Animalia - animals + animals @@ -1862,9 +1883,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Bilateria + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Bilateria @@ -1874,9 +1895,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Protostomia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Protostomia @@ -1886,9 +1907,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neoptera + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neoptera @@ -1898,15 +1919,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Holometabola - Endopterygota + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Holometabola + Endopterygota - Holometabola + Holometabola @@ -1917,16 +1938,16 @@ - GC_ID:1 - deuterostomes - ncbi_taxonomy - Deuterostomia + GC_ID:1 + deuterostomes + ncbi_taxonomy + Deuterostomia - deuterostomes - + deuterostomes + @@ -1936,22 +1957,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - carnivores - ncbi_taxonomy - carnivores - Carnivora + GC_ID:1 + carnivores + ncbi_taxonomy + carnivores + Carnivora - carnivores + carnivores - carnivores + carnivores @@ -1962,15 +1983,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - alveolates - ncbi_taxonomy - Alveolata + GC_ID:1 + alveolates + ncbi_taxonomy + Alveolata - alveolates + alveolates @@ -1981,36 +2002,36 @@ - GC_ID:1 - heterokonts - ncbi_taxonomy - Chromophyta - Heterokonta - Straminipila - Stramenopiles + GC_ID:1 + heterokonts + ncbi_taxonomy + Chromophyta + Heterokonta + Straminipila + Stramenopiles - heterokonts + heterokonts - Chromophyta + Chromophyta - Heterokonta + Heterokonta - Straminipila + Straminipila @@ -2021,15 +2042,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Euglenozoans - Euglenozoa + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Euglenozoans + Euglenozoa - Euglenozoans + Euglenozoans @@ -2040,10 +2061,10 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cricetidae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15371245 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cricetidae @@ -2053,11 +2074,11 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15019624 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - Muroidea + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15019624 + PMID:15371245 + ncbi_taxonomy + Muroidea @@ -2067,9 +2088,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Felinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Felinae @@ -2079,44 +2100,44 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:25249442 - angiosperms - flowering plants - ncbi_taxonomy - Angiospermae - Magnoliophyta - flowering plants - Magnoliopsida + GC_ID:1 + PMID:25249442 + angiosperms + flowering plants + ncbi_taxonomy + Angiospermae + Magnoliophyta + flowering plants + Magnoliopsida - angiosperms - + angiosperms + - flowering plants + flowering plants - Angiospermae + Angiospermae - Magnoliophyta + Magnoliophyta - flowering plants + flowering plants @@ -2127,9 +2148,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Schizosaccharomycetales + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Schizosaccharomycetales @@ -2139,29 +2160,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - bee - bees - ncbi_taxonomy - bees - Apoidea + GC_ID:1 + bee + bees + ncbi_taxonomy + bees + Apoidea - bee - + bee + - bees + bees - bees + bees @@ -2172,9 +2193,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Streptophyta + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Streptophyta @@ -2184,15 +2205,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Suiformes - Suina + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Suiformes + Suina - Suiformes + Suiformes @@ -2203,9 +2224,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Pecora + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Pecora @@ -2215,9 +2236,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ditrysia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ditrysia @@ -2227,22 +2248,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - butterflies - ncbi_taxonomy - butterflies - Papilionoidea + GC_ID:1 + butterflies + ncbi_taxonomy + butterflies + Papilionoidea - butterflies + butterflies - butterflies + butterflies @@ -2253,9 +2274,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Haplorrhini + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Haplorrhini @@ -2265,9 +2286,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Feliformia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Feliformia @@ -2277,9 +2298,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Caniformia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Caniformia @@ -2289,9 +2310,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Artemiidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Artemiidae @@ -2301,36 +2322,36 @@ - GC_ID:1 - glaucocystophytes - ncbi_taxonomy - Glaucophyceae - Glaucophyta - algae - Glaucocystophyceae + GC_ID:1 + glaucocystophytes + ncbi_taxonomy + Glaucophyceae + Glaucophyta + algae + Glaucocystophyceae - glaucocystophytes - + glaucocystophytes + - Glaucophyceae + Glaucophyceae - Glaucophyta + Glaucophyta - algae + algae @@ -2341,12 +2362,12 @@ - NCBITaxon:4478 - NCBITaxon:4727 - GC_ID:1 - PMID:26350789 - ncbi_taxonomy - Poales + NCBITaxon:4478 + NCBITaxon:4727 + GC_ID:1 + PMID:26350789 + ncbi_taxonomy + Poales @@ -2356,10 +2377,10 @@ - NCBITaxon:109679 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Murinae + NCBITaxon:109679 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Murinae @@ -2369,11 +2390,11 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15019624 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - Sigmodontinae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15019624 + PMID:15371245 + ncbi_taxonomy + Sigmodontinae @@ -2383,22 +2404,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - mammals - ncbi_taxonomy - mammals - Mammalia + GC_ID:1 + mammals + ncbi_taxonomy + mammals + Mammalia - mammals + mammals - mammals + mammals @@ -2409,9 +2430,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Glossata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Glossata @@ -2421,9 +2442,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neolepidoptera + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neolepidoptera @@ -2433,10 +2454,10 @@ - NCBITaxon:37583 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Heteroneura + NCBITaxon:37583 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Heteroneura @@ -2446,15 +2467,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neopterygi - Neopterygii + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neopterygi + Neopterygii - Neopterygi + Neopterygi @@ -2465,9 +2486,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Batrachia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Batrachia @@ -2477,9 +2498,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Protacanthopterygii + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Protacanthopterygii @@ -2489,9 +2510,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Clitellata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Clitellata @@ -2501,23 +2522,23 @@ - GC_ID:1 - dinosaur - dinosaurs - ncbi_taxonomy - Dinosauria + GC_ID:1 + dinosaur + dinosaurs + ncbi_taxonomy + Dinosauria - dinosaur - + dinosaur + - dinosaurs - + dinosaurs + @@ -2527,9 +2548,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Saurischia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Saurischia @@ -2539,9 +2560,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Theropoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Theropoda @@ -2551,9 +2572,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Coelurosauria + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Coelurosauria @@ -2563,16 +2584,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:43732 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Asilomorpha - Muscomorpha + NCBITaxon:43732 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Asilomorpha + Muscomorpha - Asilomorpha + Asilomorpha @@ -2582,9 +2603,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Schizophora + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Schizophora @@ -2593,9 +2614,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acalyptratae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acalyptratae @@ -2605,9 +2626,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ephydroidea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ephydroidea @@ -2617,9 +2638,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Drosophilinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Drosophilinae @@ -2629,37 +2650,37 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:25249442 - monocots - monocotyledons - ncbi_taxonomy - Monocotyledoneae - monocots - Liliopsida + GC_ID:1 + PMID:25249442 + monocots + monocotyledons + ncbi_taxonomy + Monocotyledoneae + monocots + Liliopsida - monocots - + monocots + - monocotyledons + monocotyledons - Monocotyledoneae + Monocotyledoneae - monocots + monocots @@ -2670,30 +2691,30 @@ - NCBITaxon:1661618 - GC_ID:1 - grass family - ncbi_taxonomy - Bambusaceae - Gramineae - Poaceae + NCBITaxon:1661618 + GC_ID:1 + grass family + ncbi_taxonomy + Bambusaceae + Gramineae + Poaceae - grass family - + grass family + - Bambusaceae + Bambusaceae - Gramineae + Gramineae @@ -2704,14 +2725,14 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15689432 - PMID:16151185 - PMID:17010206 - PMID:17051209 - PMID:17572334 - ncbi_taxonomy - Dikarya + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15689432 + PMID:16151185 + PMID:17010206 + PMID:17051209 + PMID:17572334 + ncbi_taxonomy + Dikarya @@ -2721,9 +2742,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Taphrinomycotina + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Taphrinomycotina @@ -2733,9 +2754,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Drosophilini + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Drosophilini @@ -2745,23 +2766,23 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:26350789 - ncbi_taxonomy - Commelinidae - Commeliniflorae - commelinids + GC_ID:1 + PMID:26350789 + ncbi_taxonomy + Commelinidae + Commeliniflorae + commelinids - Commelinidae + Commelinidae - Commeliniflorae + Commeliniflorae @@ -2772,24 +2793,24 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11062127 - PMID:12684019 - ncbi_taxonomy - Mycota - fungi - Fungi + GC_ID:1 + PMID:11062127 + PMID:12684019 + ncbi_taxonomy + Mycota + fungi + Fungi - Mycota + Mycota - fungi + fungi @@ -2800,9 +2821,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cyclorrhapha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cyclorrhapha @@ -2812,9 +2833,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eremoneura + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eremoneura @@ -2824,30 +2845,30 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:17572334 - ascomycetes - sac fungi - ncbi_taxonomy - ascomycete fungi - Ascomycota + GC_ID:1 + PMID:17572334 + ascomycetes + sac fungi + ncbi_taxonomy + ascomycete fungi + Ascomycota - ascomycetes + ascomycetes - sac fungi - + sac fungi + - ascomycete fungi + ascomycete fungi @@ -2858,15 +2879,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Hemiascomycetes - Saccharomycetes + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Hemiascomycetes + Saccharomycetes - Hemiascomycetes + Hemiascomycetes @@ -2877,22 +2898,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Endomycetales - budding yeasts - Saccharomycetales + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Endomycetales + budding yeasts + Saccharomycetales - Endomycetales + Endomycetales - budding yeasts + budding yeasts @@ -2903,11 +2924,11 @@ - NCBITaxon:221665 - NCBITaxon:44280 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Saccharomycetaceae + NCBITaxon:221665 + NCBITaxon:44280 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Saccharomycetaceae @@ -2917,22 +2938,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - fission yeasts - ncbi_taxonomy - Schizosaccharomycetoideae - Schizosaccharomycetaceae + GC_ID:1 + fission yeasts + ncbi_taxonomy + Schizosaccharomycetoideae + Schizosaccharomycetaceae - fission yeasts + fission yeasts - Schizosaccharomycetoideae + Schizosaccharomycetoideae @@ -2943,9 +2964,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Schizosaccharomyces + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Schizosaccharomyces @@ -2955,23 +2976,23 @@ - NCBITaxon:45042 - GC_ID:1 - fission yeast - ncbi_taxonomy - Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans - Schizosaccharomyces pombe + NCBITaxon:45042 + GC_ID:1 + fission yeast + ncbi_taxonomy + Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans + Schizosaccharomyces pombe - fission yeast + fission yeast - Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans + Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans @@ -2982,16 +3003,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:36915 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Pachytichospora - Saccharomyces + NCBITaxon:36915 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Pachytichospora + Saccharomyces - Pachytichospora + Pachytichospora @@ -3002,71 +3023,79 @@ - GC_ID:1 - S. cerevisiae - baker's yeast - brewer's yeast - ncbi_taxonomy - Candida robusta - Mycoderma cerevisiae - Saccharomyces capensis - Saccharomyces italicus - Saccharomyces oviformis - Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus - Saccharomyces cerevisiae + NCBITaxon:41870 + GC_ID:1 + Saccharomyces cerevisiae 'var. diastaticus' + baker's yeast + brewer's yeast + ncbi_taxonomy + Candida robusta + Mycoderma cerevisiae + Saccharomyces capensis + Saccharomyces diastaticus + Saccharomyces italicus + Saccharomyces oviformis + Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus + Saccharomyces cerevisiae - S. cerevisiae - + Saccharomyces cerevisiae 'var. diastaticus' + + + + + + baker's yeast + - baker's yeast + brewer's yeast - - brewer's yeast - + + Candida robusta + - Candida robusta + Mycoderma cerevisiae - Mycoderma cerevisiae + Saccharomyces capensis - Saccharomyces capensis + Saccharomyces diastaticus - Saccharomyces italicus + Saccharomyces italicus - Saccharomyces oviformis + Saccharomyces oviformis - Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus + Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus @@ -3077,15 +3106,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - trouts, salmons & chars - ncbi_taxonomy - Salmoninae + GC_ID:1 + trouts, salmons & chars + ncbi_taxonomy + Salmoninae - trouts, salmons & chars + trouts, salmons & chars @@ -3096,22 +3125,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - true insects - ncbi_taxonomy - insects - Insecta + GC_ID:1 + true insects + ncbi_taxonomy + insects + Insecta - true insects + true insects - insects + insects @@ -3122,16 +3151,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:6403 - GC_ID:1 - leeches - ncbi_taxonomy - Hirudinea + NCBITaxon:6403 + GC_ID:1 + leeches + ncbi_taxonomy + Hirudinea - leeches + leeches @@ -3142,9 +3171,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditoidea + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rhabditoidea @@ -3154,9 +3183,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Peloderinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Peloderinae @@ -3166,15 +3195,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - algae - PX clade + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + algae + PX clade - algae + algae @@ -3185,15 +3214,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Coniferopsida - Pinopsida + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Coniferopsida + Pinopsida - Coniferopsida + Coniferopsida @@ -3204,22 +3233,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - vascular plants - ncbi_taxonomy - vascular plants - Tracheophyta + GC_ID:1 + vascular plants + ncbi_taxonomy + vascular plants + Tracheophyta - vascular plants - + vascular plants + - vascular plants + vascular plants @@ -3230,22 +3259,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - seed plants - ncbi_taxonomy - seed plants - Spermatophyta + GC_ID:1 + seed plants + ncbi_taxonomy + seed plants + Spermatophyta - seed plants - + seed plants + - seed plants + seed plants @@ -3256,9 +3285,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eumetazoa + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eumetazoa @@ -3268,29 +3297,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - flatworm - flatworms - ncbi_taxonomy - flatworms - Platyhelminthes + GC_ID:1 + flatworm + flatworms + ncbi_taxonomy + flatworms + Platyhelminthes - flatworm - + flatworm + - flatworms + flatworms - flatworms + flatworms @@ -3301,50 +3330,50 @@ - GC_ID:1 - nematode - nematodes - roundworm - roundworms - ncbi_taxonomy - Nemata - nematodes - Nematoda + GC_ID:1 + nematode + nematodes + roundworm + roundworms + ncbi_taxonomy + Nemata + nematodes + Nematoda - nematode - + nematode + - nematodes - + nematodes + - roundworm - + roundworm + - roundworms + roundworms - Nemata + Nemata - nematodes + nematodes @@ -3355,11 +3384,19 @@ - NCBITaxon:33251 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditida + NCBITaxon:33251 + NCBITaxon:6308 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Strongylida + Rhabditida + + + + Strongylida + + @@ -3368,9 +3405,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Caenorhabditis + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Caenorhabditis @@ -3380,15 +3417,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditis elegans - Caenorhabditis elegans + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rhabditis elegans + Caenorhabditis elegans - Rhabditis elegans + Rhabditis elegans @@ -3399,10 +3436,10 @@ - NCBITaxon:54603 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditidae + NCBITaxon:54603 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rhabditidae @@ -3412,22 +3449,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - annelid worms - ncbi_taxonomy - segmented worms - Annelida + GC_ID:1 + annelid worms + ncbi_taxonomy + segmented worms + Annelida - annelid worms + annelid worms - segmented worms + segmented worms @@ -3438,16 +3475,16 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:34811021 - Oligochaeta - ncbi_taxonomy - Oligochaeta <segmented worms> + GC_ID:1 + PMID:34811021 + Oligochaeta + ncbi_taxonomy + Oligochaeta <segmented worms> - Oligochaeta + Oligochaeta @@ -3458,9 +3495,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Enchytraeidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Enchytraeidae @@ -3470,9 +3507,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Enchytraeus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Enchytraeus @@ -3482,15 +3519,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - earthworms - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricina + GC_ID:1 + earthworms + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricina - earthworms + earthworms @@ -3501,9 +3538,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricidae @@ -3513,15 +3550,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Eisenia - ncbi_taxonomy - Eisenia <segmented worms> + GC_ID:1 + Eisenia + ncbi_taxonomy + Eisenia <segmented worms> - Eisenia + Eisenia @@ -3532,64 +3569,64 @@ - GC_ID:1 - brandling worm - common brandling worm - common dung-worm - red wiggler worm - redworm - tiger worm - ncbi_taxonomy - Eisenia foetida - Eiseniella fetida - Eisenia fetida + GC_ID:1 + brandling worm + common brandling worm + common dung-worm + red wiggler worm + redworm + tiger worm + ncbi_taxonomy + Eisenia foetida + Eiseniella fetida + Eisenia fetida - brandling worm - + brandling worm + - common brandling worm + common brandling worm - common dung-worm - + common dung-worm + - red wiggler worm - + red wiggler worm + - redworm - + redworm + - tiger worm - + tiger worm + - Eisenia foetida + Eisenia foetida - Eiseniella fetida + Eiseniella fetida @@ -3600,9 +3637,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricus @@ -3612,16 +3649,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:2175058 - GC_ID:1 - common earthworm - ncbi_taxonomy - Lumbricus terrestris + NCBITaxon:2175058 + GC_ID:1 + common earthworm + ncbi_taxonomy + Lumbricus terrestris - common earthworm + common earthworm @@ -3632,9 +3669,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Hirudiniformes + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Hirudiniformes @@ -3644,9 +3681,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Hirudinidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Hirudinidae @@ -3656,29 +3693,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - molluscs - mollusks - ncbi_taxonomy - molluscs - Mollusca + GC_ID:1 + molluscs + mollusks + ncbi_taxonomy + molluscs + Mollusca - molluscs - + molluscs + - mollusks + mollusks - molluscs + molluscs @@ -3689,22 +3726,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - arthropods - ncbi_taxonomy - arthropods - Arthropoda + GC_ID:1 + arthropods + ncbi_taxonomy + arthropods + Arthropoda - arthropods + arthropods - arthropods + arthropods @@ -3715,22 +3752,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - crustaceans - ncbi_taxonomy - crustaceans - Crustacea + GC_ID:1 + crustaceans + ncbi_taxonomy + crustaceans + Crustacea - crustaceans + crustaceans - crustaceans + crustaceans @@ -3741,9 +3778,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Branchiopoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Branchiopoda @@ -3753,15 +3790,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - fairy shrimps - ncbi_taxonomy - Anostraca + GC_ID:1 + fairy shrimps + ncbi_taxonomy + Anostraca - fairy shrimps + fairy shrimps @@ -3772,23 +3809,23 @@ - GC_ID:1 - brine shrimps - sea monkeys - ncbi_taxonomy - Artemia + GC_ID:1 + brine shrimps + sea monkeys + ncbi_taxonomy + Artemia - brine shrimps + brine shrimps - sea monkeys - + sea monkeys + @@ -3798,22 +3835,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - water flea - water fleas - ncbi_taxonomy - Cladocera + GC_ID:1 + water flea + water fleas + ncbi_taxonomy + Cladocera - water flea - + water flea + - water fleas + water fleas @@ -3824,23 +3861,23 @@ - NCBITaxon:77736 - GC_ID:1 - common water fleas - ncbi_taxonomy - Daphniopsis - Daphnia + NCBITaxon:77736 + GC_ID:1 + common water fleas + ncbi_taxonomy + Daphniopsis + Daphnia - common water fleas + common water fleas - Daphniopsis + Daphniopsis @@ -3851,9 +3888,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Malacostraca + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Malacostraca @@ -3863,9 +3900,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eucarida + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eucarida @@ -3875,9 +3912,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Decapoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Decapoda @@ -3887,9 +3924,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Pleocyemata + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Pleocyemata @@ -3899,23 +3936,23 @@ - GC_ID:1 - short-tailed crabs - true crabs - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachyura + GC_ID:1 + short-tailed crabs + true crabs + ncbi_taxonomy + Brachyura - short-tailed crabs + short-tailed crabs - true crabs - + true crabs + @@ -3925,15 +3962,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - rock crabs - ncbi_taxonomy - Cancridae + GC_ID:1 + rock crabs + ncbi_taxonomy + Cancridae - rock crabs + rock crabs @@ -3944,43 +3981,43 @@ - GC_ID:1 - insects - ncbi_taxonomy - Atelocerata - Tracheata - Uniramia - hexapods - Hexapoda + GC_ID:1 + insects + ncbi_taxonomy + Atelocerata + Tracheata + Uniramia + hexapods + Hexapoda - insects + insects - Atelocerata + Atelocerata - Tracheata + Tracheata - Uniramia + Uniramia - hexapods + hexapods @@ -3991,29 +4028,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - butterflies and moths - moths - ncbi_taxonomy - moths - Lepidoptera + GC_ID:1 + butterflies and moths + moths + ncbi_taxonomy + moths + Lepidoptera - butterflies and moths + butterflies and moths - moths - + moths + - moths + moths @@ -4024,22 +4061,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - flies - ncbi_taxonomy - flies - Diptera + GC_ID:1 + flies + ncbi_taxonomy + flies + Diptera - flies + flies - flies + flies @@ -4050,9 +4087,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - saccharomyceta + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + saccharomyceta @@ -4062,9 +4099,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachycera + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Brachycera @@ -4074,9 +4111,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eumalacostraca + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eumalacostraca @@ -4086,15 +4123,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - pomace flies - ncbi_taxonomy - Drosophilidae + GC_ID:1 + pomace flies + ncbi_taxonomy + Drosophilidae - pomace flies + pomace flies @@ -4105,31 +4142,31 @@ - NCBITaxon:7326 - GC_ID:1 - Drosophila - fruit flies - fruit fly - ncbi_taxonomy - Drosophila <flies,genus> + NCBITaxon:7326 + GC_ID:1 + Drosophila + fruit flies + fruit fly + ncbi_taxonomy + Drosophila <flies,genus> - Drosophila + Drosophila - fruit flies + fruit flies - fruit fly - + fruit fly + @@ -4139,25 +4176,25 @@ - NCBITaxon:27522 - NCBITaxon:27527 - NCBITaxon:27531 - GC_ID:1 - hymenopterans - ncbi_taxonomy - hymenopterans - Hymenoptera + NCBITaxon:27522 + NCBITaxon:27527 + NCBITaxon:27531 + GC_ID:1 + hymenopterans + ncbi_taxonomy + hymenopterans + Hymenoptera - hymenopterans - + hymenopterans + - hymenopterans + hymenopterans @@ -4168,22 +4205,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - wasps, ants & bees - ncbi_taxonomy - wasps, ants & bees - Apocrita + GC_ID:1 + wasps, ants & bees + ncbi_taxonomy + wasps, ants & bees + Apocrita - wasps, ants & bees + wasps, ants & bees - wasps, ants & bees + wasps, ants & bees @@ -4194,15 +4231,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Aculeata - ncbi_taxonomy - Aculeata <wasps, ants & bees> + GC_ID:1 + Aculeata + ncbi_taxonomy + Aculeata <wasps, ants & bees> - Aculeata + Aculeata @@ -4211,17 +4248,17 @@ - + - GC_ID:1 - bumble bees and honey bees - ncbi_taxonomy - Apidae + GC_ID:1 + bumble bees and honey bees + ncbi_taxonomy + Apidae - bumble bees and honey bees + bumble bees and honey bees @@ -4232,22 +4269,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Pterygota - winged insects - ncbi_taxonomy - Pterygota <insects> + GC_ID:1 + Pterygota + winged insects + ncbi_taxonomy + Pterygota <insects> - Pterygota + Pterygota - winged insects + winged insects @@ -4258,22 +4295,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - chordates - ncbi_taxonomy - chordates - Chordata + GC_ID:1 + chordates + ncbi_taxonomy + chordates + Chordata - chordates + chordates - chordates + chordates @@ -4284,29 +4321,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Vertebrata - vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - vertebrates - Vertebrata <vertebrates> + GC_ID:1 + Vertebrata + vertebrates + ncbi_taxonomy + vertebrates + Vertebrata <vertebrates> - Vertebrata + Vertebrata - vertebrates + vertebrates - vertebrates + vertebrates @@ -4317,10 +4354,10 @@ - NCBITaxon:77729 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Daphniidae + NCBITaxon:77729 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Daphniidae @@ -4330,22 +4367,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Gnathostomata - jawed vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - Gnathostomata <vertebrates> + GC_ID:1 + Gnathostomata + jawed vertebrates + ncbi_taxonomy + Gnathostomata <vertebrates> - Gnathostomata + Gnathostomata - jawed vertebrates + jawed vertebrates @@ -4356,15 +4393,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - euphyllophytes - ncbi_taxonomy - Euphyllophyta + GC_ID:1 + euphyllophytes + ncbi_taxonomy + Euphyllophyta - euphyllophytes + euphyllophytes @@ -4375,50 +4412,50 @@ - GC_ID:1 - fish - fishes - ray-finned fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Actinopterygi - Osteichthyes - bony fishes - Actinopterygii + GC_ID:1 + fish + fishes + ray-finned fishes + ncbi_taxonomy + Actinopterygi + Osteichthyes + bony fishes + Actinopterygii - fish - + fish + - fishes - + fishes + - ray-finned fishes + ray-finned fishes - Actinopterygi + Actinopterygi - Osteichthyes + Osteichthyes - bony fishes + bony fishes @@ -4429,15 +4466,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - carps and others - ncbi_taxonomy - Cypriniformes + GC_ID:1 + carps and others + ncbi_taxonomy + Cypriniformes - carps and others + carps and others @@ -4448,24 +4485,24 @@ - NCBITaxon:46777 - NCBITaxon:487617 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachydanio - Celestichthys - Danio + NCBITaxon:46777 + NCBITaxon:487617 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Brachydanio + Celestichthys + Danio - Brachydanio + Brachydanio - Celestichthys + Celestichthys @@ -4476,73 +4513,73 @@ - NCBITaxon:27702 - NCBITaxon:37966 - GC_ID:1 - leopard danio - zebra danio - zebra fish - zebrafish - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachydanio rerio - Brachydanio rerio frankei - Cyprinus rerio - Danio frankei - Danio rerio frankei - Danio rerio + NCBITaxon:27702 + NCBITaxon:37966 + GC_ID:1 + leopard danio + zebra danio + zebra fish + zebrafish + ncbi_taxonomy + Brachydanio rerio + Brachydanio rerio frankei + Cyprinus rerio + Danio frankei + Danio rerio frankei + Danio rerio - leopard danio - + leopard danio + - zebra danio - + zebra danio + - zebra fish - + zebra fish + - zebrafish + zebrafish - Brachydanio rerio + Brachydanio rerio - Brachydanio rerio frankei + Brachydanio rerio frankei - Cyprinus rerio + Cyprinus rerio - Danio frankei + Danio frankei - Danio rerio frankei + Danio rerio frankei @@ -4553,15 +4590,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - salmons and trouts - ncbi_taxonomy - Salmoniformes + GC_ID:1 + salmons and trouts + ncbi_taxonomy + Salmoniformes - salmons and trouts + salmons and trouts @@ -4572,16 +4609,16 @@ - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15062801 - salmonids - ncbi_taxonomy - Salmonidae + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15062801 + salmonids + ncbi_taxonomy + Salmonidae - salmonids + salmonids @@ -4592,15 +4629,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Parasalmo - Oncorhynchus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Parasalmo + Oncorhynchus - Parasalmo + Parasalmo @@ -4611,24 +4648,24 @@ - NCBITaxon:62064 - NCBITaxon:82302 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acantholingua - Salmothymus - Salmo + NCBITaxon:62064 + NCBITaxon:82302 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acantholingua + Salmothymus + Salmo - Acantholingua + Acantholingua - Salmothymus + Salmothymus @@ -4639,15 +4676,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - flatfishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Pleuronectiformes + GC_ID:1 + flatfishes + ncbi_taxonomy + Pleuronectiformes - flatfishes + flatfishes @@ -4658,15 +4695,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - righteye flounders - ncbi_taxonomy - Pleuronectidae + GC_ID:1 + righteye flounders + ncbi_taxonomy + Pleuronectidae - righteye flounders + righteye flounders @@ -4677,9 +4714,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Sarcopterygii + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Sarcopterygii @@ -4689,22 +4726,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - amphibians - ncbi_taxonomy - amphibians - Amphibia + GC_ID:1 + amphibians + ncbi_taxonomy + amphibians + Amphibia - amphibians + amphibians - amphibians + amphibians @@ -4715,43 +4752,43 @@ - GC_ID:1 - anurans - frogs - frogs and toads - ncbi_taxonomy - Salientia - frogs & toads - Anura + GC_ID:1 + anurans + frogs + frogs and toads + ncbi_taxonomy + Salientia + frogs & toads + Anura - anurans - + anurans + - frogs - + frogs + - frogs and toads + frogs and toads - Salientia + Salientia - frogs & toads + frogs & toads @@ -4762,24 +4799,24 @@ - NCBITaxon:685149 - GC_ID:1 - riparian frogs - true frogs - ncbi_taxonomy - Ranidae + NCBITaxon:685149 + GC_ID:1 + riparian frogs + true frogs + ncbi_taxonomy + Ranidae - riparian frogs + riparian frogs - true frogs - + true frogs + @@ -4789,9 +4826,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neobatrachia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neobatrachia @@ -4801,9 +4838,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Diplostraca + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Diplostraca @@ -4813,15 +4850,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - sauropsids - ncbi_taxonomy - Sauropsida + GC_ID:1 + sauropsids + ncbi_taxonomy + Sauropsida - sauropsids + sauropsids @@ -4832,9 +4869,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Archosauria + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Archosauria @@ -4844,9 +4881,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Dicondylia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Dicondylia @@ -4856,9 +4893,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Artemia salina + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Artemia salina @@ -4868,9 +4905,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Amphiesmenoptera + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Amphiesmenoptera @@ -4880,29 +4917,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - birds - ncbi_taxonomy - avian - birds - Aves + GC_ID:1 + birds + ncbi_taxonomy + avian + birds + Aves - birds + birds - avian + avian - birds + birds @@ -4913,9 +4950,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neognathae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Neognathae @@ -4925,15 +4962,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ducks, geese and swans - ncbi_taxonomy - Anseriformes + GC_ID:1 + ducks, geese and swans + ncbi_taxonomy + Anseriformes - ducks, geese and swans + ducks, geese and swans @@ -4944,15 +4981,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - waterfowl - ncbi_taxonomy - Anatidae + GC_ID:1 + waterfowl + ncbi_taxonomy + Anatidae - waterfowl + waterfowl @@ -4963,9 +5000,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Panarthropoda + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Panarthropoda @@ -4975,15 +5012,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Craniata - ncbi_taxonomy - Craniata <chordates> + GC_ID:1 + Craniata + ncbi_taxonomy + Craniata <chordates> - Craniata + Craniata @@ -4994,15 +5031,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - landfowls - ncbi_taxonomy - Galliformes + GC_ID:1 + landfowls + ncbi_taxonomy + Galliformes - landfowls + landfowls @@ -5013,16 +5050,16 @@ - NCBITaxon:9099 - GC_ID:1 - turkeys - ncbi_taxonomy - Phasianidae + NCBITaxon:9099 + GC_ID:1 + turkeys + ncbi_taxonomy + Phasianidae - turkeys + turkeys @@ -5033,9 +5070,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Gallus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Gallus @@ -5045,50 +5082,50 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Gallus domesticus - bantam - chicken - chickens - ncbi_taxonomy - Gallus gallus domesticus - Phasianus gallus - Gallus gallus + GC_ID:1 + Gallus domesticus + bantam + chicken + chickens + ncbi_taxonomy + Gallus gallus domesticus + Phasianus gallus + Gallus gallus - Gallus domesticus + Gallus domesticus - bantam - + bantam + - chicken + chicken - chickens - + chickens + - Gallus gallus domesticus + Gallus gallus domesticus - Phasianus gallus + Phasianus gallus @@ -5099,9 +5136,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Phasianinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Phasianinae @@ -5111,9 +5148,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Enchytraeus crypticus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Enchytraeus crypticus @@ -5123,29 +5160,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. - ncbi_taxonomy - Cetartiodactyla - even-toed ungulates - Artiodactyla + GC_ID:1 + whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. + ncbi_taxonomy + Cetartiodactyla + even-toed ungulates + Artiodactyla - whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. + whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. - Cetartiodactyla + Cetartiodactyla - even-toed ungulates + even-toed ungulates @@ -5156,43 +5193,43 @@ - GC_ID:1 - eutherian mammals - placental mammals - placentals - ncbi_taxonomy - Placentalia - placentals - Eutheria + GC_ID:1 + eutherian mammals + placental mammals + placentals + ncbi_taxonomy + Placentalia + placentals + Eutheria - eutherian mammals - + eutherian mammals + - placental mammals - + placental mammals + - placentals + placentals - Placentalia + Placentalia - placentals + placentals @@ -5203,29 +5240,29 @@ - GC_ID:1 - primate - ncbi_taxonomy - Primata - primates - Primates + GC_ID:1 + primate + ncbi_taxonomy + Primata + primates + Primates - primate + primate - Primata + Primata - primates + primates @@ -5236,30 +5273,30 @@ - GC_ID:1 - New World monkeys - monkey - monkeys - ncbi_taxonomy - Platyrrhini + GC_ID:1 + New World monkeys + monkey + monkeys + ncbi_taxonomy + Platyrrhini - New World monkeys + New World monkeys - monkey - + monkey + - monkeys - + monkeys + @@ -5269,9 +5306,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Catarrhini + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Catarrhini @@ -5281,30 +5318,30 @@ - GC_ID:1 - Old World monkeys - monkey - monkeys - ncbi_taxonomy - Cercopithecidae + GC_ID:1 + Old World monkeys + monkey + monkeys + ncbi_taxonomy + Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys + Old World monkeys - monkey - + monkey + - monkeys - + monkeys + @@ -5314,9 +5351,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cercopithecinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Cercopithecinae @@ -5326,22 +5363,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - macaque - macaques - ncbi_taxonomy - Macaca + GC_ID:1 + macaque + macaques + ncbi_taxonomy + Macaca - macaque - + macaque + - macaques + macaques @@ -5352,38 +5389,45 @@ - NCBITaxon:36502 - GC_ID:1 - Rhesus monkey - rhesus macaque - rhesus macaques - rhesus monkeys - ncbi_taxonomy - Macaca mulatta + NCBITaxon:36502 + GC_ID:1 + Rhesus monkey + rhesus macaque + rhesus macaques + rhesus monkeys + ncbi_taxonomy + Cercopithecus mulatta + Macaca mulatta - Rhesus monkey + Rhesus monkey - rhesus macaque - + rhesus macaque + - rhesus macaques - + rhesus macaques + - rhesus monkeys - + rhesus monkeys + + + + + + Cercopithecus mulatta + @@ -5393,22 +5437,22 @@ - GC_ID:1 - great apes - ncbi_taxonomy - Pongidae - Hominidae + GC_ID:1 + great apes + ncbi_taxonomy + Pongidae + Hominidae - great apes + great apes - Pongidae + Pongidae @@ -5419,16 +5463,16 @@ - GC_ID:1 - humans - ncbi_taxonomy - Homo + GC_ID:1 + humans + ncbi_taxonomy + Homo - humans - + humans + @@ -5438,15 +5482,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - human - ncbi_taxonomy - Homo sapiens + GC_ID:1 + human + ncbi_taxonomy + Homo sapiens - human + human @@ -5457,15 +5501,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - dog, coyote, wolf, fox - ncbi_taxonomy - Canidae + GC_ID:1 + dog, coyote, wolf, fox + ncbi_taxonomy + Canidae - dog, coyote, wolf, fox + dog, coyote, wolf, fox @@ -5476,9 +5520,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Canis + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Canis @@ -5488,17 +5532,17 @@ - NCBITaxon:68731 - NCBITaxon:9609 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Fennecus - Vulpes + NCBITaxon:68731 + NCBITaxon:9609 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Fennecus + Vulpes - Fennecus + Fennecus @@ -5509,15 +5553,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - cat family - ncbi_taxonomy - Felidae + GC_ID:1 + cat family + ncbi_taxonomy + Felidae - cat family + cat family @@ -5528,9 +5572,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Felis + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Felis @@ -5540,47 +5584,47 @@ - NCBITaxon:36475 - GC_ID:1 - PMID:17600185 - PMID:8581300 - PMID:8603894 - cat - cats - domestic cat - ncbi_taxonomy - Felis domesticus - Felis silvestris catus - Felis catus + NCBITaxon:36475 + GC_ID:1 + PMID:17600185 + PMID:8581300 + PMID:8603894 + cat + cats + domestic cat + ncbi_taxonomy + Felis domesticus + Felis silvestris catus + Felis catus - cat - + cat + - cats - + cats + - domestic cat + domestic cat - Felis domesticus + Felis domesticus - Felis silvestris catus + Felis silvestris catus @@ -5591,23 +5635,23 @@ - NCBITaxon:39423 - GC_ID:1 - boars - pigs - ncbi_taxonomy - Suidae + NCBITaxon:39423 + GC_ID:1 + boars + pigs + ncbi_taxonomy + Suidae - boars - + boars + - pigs + pigs @@ -5618,9 +5662,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Sus + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Sus @@ -5630,9 +5674,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ruminantia + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ruminantia @@ -5642,15 +5686,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - deer - ncbi_taxonomy - Cervidae + GC_ID:1 + deer + ncbi_taxonomy + Cervidae - deer + deer @@ -5661,9 +5705,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rangifer + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Rangifer @@ -5673,9 +5717,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Odocoileinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Odocoileinae @@ -5685,9 +5729,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Bovidae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Bovidae @@ -5697,15 +5741,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - oxen, cattle - ncbi_taxonomy - Bos + GC_ID:1 + oxen, cattle + ncbi_taxonomy + Bos - oxen, cattle + oxen, cattle @@ -5716,79 +5760,72 @@ - NCBITaxon:272461 - GC_ID:1 - bovine - cattle - cow - dairy cow - domestic cattle - domestic cow - ox - oxen - ncbi_taxonomy - Bos bovis - Bos primigenius taurus - Bos taurus + NCBITaxon:272461 + GC_ID:1 + bovine + cattle + cow + dairy cow + domestic cattle + domestic cow + ox + ncbi_taxonomy + Bos bovis + Bos primigenius taurus + Bos taurus - bovine - + bovine + - cattle + cattle - cow - - - - - - dairy cow - + cow + - domestic cattle - + dairy cow + - domestic cow - + domestic cattle + - ox - + domestic cow + - oxen - + ox + - Bos bovis + Bos bovis - Bos primigenius taurus + Bos primigenius taurus @@ -5799,9 +5836,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ovis + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Ovis @@ -5811,58 +5848,58 @@ - NCBITaxon:9936 - GC_ID:1 - domestic sheep - lambs - sheep - wild sheep - ncbi_taxonomy - Ovis ammon aries - Ovis orientalis aries - Ovis ovis - Ovis aries + NCBITaxon:9936 + GC_ID:1 + domestic sheep + lambs + sheep + wild sheep + ncbi_taxonomy + Ovis ammon aries + Ovis orientalis aries + Ovis ovis + Ovis aries - domestic sheep - + domestic sheep + - lambs - + lambs + - sheep + sheep - wild sheep - + wild sheep + - Ovis ammon aries + Ovis ammon aries - Ovis orientalis aries + Ovis orientalis aries - Ovis ovis + Ovis ovis @@ -5873,9 +5910,9 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Caprinae + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Caprinae @@ -5885,15 +5922,15 @@ - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - rabbits & hares - Lagomorpha + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + rabbits & hares + Lagomorpha - rabbits & hares + rabbits & hares @@ -5904,27 +5941,27 @@ - GC_ID:1 - rodent - ncbi_taxonomy - rodents - Rodentia + GC_ID:1 + rodent + ncbi_taxonomy + rodents + Rodentia - rodent + rodent - rodents + rodents - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/obi_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/obi_import.owl index 0bdbf1d..b13c358 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/obi_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/obi_import.owl @@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - - 2023-07-06 + + + 2024-02-06 @@ -29,6 +30,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -44,20 +51,20 @@ - editor preferred label editor preferred label - editor preferred term editor preferred term + editor preferred label + editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - editor preferred label editor preferred label - editor preferred term editor preferred term + editor preferred label + editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label @@ -86,8 +93,8 @@ - definition definition + definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. @@ -115,8 +122,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - definition definition + definition textual definition @@ -196,6 +203,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ + + + + + + @@ -232,6 +245,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ + + + + + + @@ -241,8 +260,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. - Creator Creator + Creator @@ -257,8 +276,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. - Date Date + Date @@ -271,18 +290,30 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ of content or a free-text account of the content. An account of the content of the resource. - Description Description + Description + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -292,8 +323,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ A name given to the resource. - Title Title + Title @@ -307,6 +338,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ + + + + + + @@ -336,6 +373,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ + + + + + + @@ -532,7 +575,7 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which is_supported_by_data - The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. + The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI @@ -554,8 +597,8 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which - has_specified_input has_specified_input + has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage The inverse property of is_specified_input_of @@ -597,8 +640,8 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which - has_specified_output has_specified_output + has_specified_output The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg @@ -614,15 +657,10 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which - - - - - - is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of + is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg @@ -793,6 +831,21 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which + + + + + + this red color is a quality of this apple + a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. + is quality of + quality_of + quality of + + + + @@ -823,6 +876,20 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which + + + + + + this apple has quality this red color + a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. + has_quality + has quality + + + + @@ -1599,7 +1666,6 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which material MaterialEntity - material entity material entity a flame a forest fire @@ -1617,6 +1683,7 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. + A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) @@ -1626,7 +1693,6 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] - material entity material entity @@ -1704,12 +1770,10 @@ Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which cell - cell PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .." A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. cell - cell @@ -1858,7 +1922,6 @@ interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. - 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some @@ -1866,10 +1929,12 @@ process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief + 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data + data item @@ -1895,6 +1960,7 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 + information content entity @@ -2511,10 +2577,23 @@ clustering algorithm. + + + + + Metazoa + metazoans + multicellular animals + + Metazoa + + + + - + Bilateria Bilateria @@ -2554,7 +2633,6 @@ clustering algorithm. Homo sapiens human human being - man Homo sapiens @@ -2576,8 +2654,8 @@ clustering algorithm. - planned process planned process + planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. @@ -2586,8 +2664,8 @@ clustering algorithm. objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived - 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) + 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent planned process @@ -2751,14 +2829,14 @@ objectives is a planned process. liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient. a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation - 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. - Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen. parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject. + 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. + Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. GROUP: Role Branch OBI @@ -2845,7 +2923,7 @@ for now. interpreting data - Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. + Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion PERSON: Bjoern Peters @@ -2958,9 +3036,10 @@ for now. manufacturing - Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process - Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR + A planned process with the objective to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use. + A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process + Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel @@ -3322,7 +3401,7 @@ http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/ manufacturer - A person or organization that has a manufacturer role + A person or organization that has a manufacturer role. manufacturer @@ -3392,7 +3471,7 @@ A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. categorical label - The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. + The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. Bjoern Peters @@ -3433,7 +3512,7 @@ A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. +In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay. PERSON: Helen Parkinson instrument OBI development call 2012-12-17. @@ -3463,7 +3542,7 @@ In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but th A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. -JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. +JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is)) PERSON: Jessica Turner Merriam-Webster @@ -3540,7 +3619,7 @@ JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime". An information content entity that is inferred from data. - In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. + In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group Group:2013 Philly Workshop group conclusion based on data @@ -3683,7 +3762,7 @@ The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from p histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system - A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. + A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB @@ -4145,10 +4224,10 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot - Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard + Philippe Rocca-Serra data analysis data processing Branch editors @@ -4208,8 +4287,8 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. k-means clustering A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed). - Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone + Elisabetta Manduchi Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means k-means clustering @@ -4346,13 +4425,13 @@ This issue is outside the scope of OBI. data visualization Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset - An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data. + A planned process with the objective to graphically represent some data by inputing the data and outputting images, diagrams or animations. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Tina Boussard - data encoding as image visualization + data encoding as image PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot @@ -4410,8 +4489,8 @@ information_encoding A k-means clustering which has partitioning objective is a data transformation in which the input data is partitioned into k output sets. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. - Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone + Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi partitioning objective @@ -4456,9 +4535,9 @@ information_encoding A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. James Malone - clustering objective discriminant analysis objective unsupervised classification objective + clustering objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class discovery objective @@ -4475,8 +4554,8 @@ information_encoding A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. James Malone - classification objective supervised classification objective + classification objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class prediction objective @@ -4556,13 +4635,13 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl - irradiation + planned irradiation PMID: 18563778.Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 mum laser irradiation.Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Jun 18;40(5):358-370. - irradiation is a process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays or X-rays) or not such as UV light or microwaves + A planned process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays, X-rays, charged particles or neutrons) or non-ionizing radiation (such as UV light or microwaves) Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiation) - irradiation + planned irradiation @@ -5598,7 +5677,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Edingburgh handedness inventory - The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. + The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Jessica Turner PMID:5146491#Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113 @@ -7310,7 +7389,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) - A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. + A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging @@ -7566,7 +7645,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Stage IIA (FIGO) - An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. + An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging @@ -7582,7 +7661,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Stage IIA1 (FIGO) - An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. + An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging @@ -7598,7 +7677,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Stage IIA2 (FIGO) - An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. + An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging @@ -7614,7 +7693,7 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl Stage IIB (FIGO) - An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. + An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging @@ -8075,6 +8154,51 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl + + + + + Abbott + + A manufacturer of rapid point-of-care assay devices. + John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 + WEB:https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/en/about.html + https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 + Abbott + + + + + + + + + J. Mitra + + A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic assay kits in India. + John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 + WEB:https://jmitra.co.in/about-us/ + https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 + J. Mitra + + + + + + + + + InBios + + A manufacturer that specializes in in vitro diagnostic devices designed to test for infectious diseases. + John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 + WEB:https://inbios.com/about/ + https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 + InBios + + + + @@ -8788,5 +8912,5 @@ class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach cl - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/pato_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/pato_import.owl index 41abd20..1e0e4f9 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/pato_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/pato_import.owl @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#" xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#"> - - 2022-10-20 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -127,6 +127,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -141,6 +147,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -183,6 +195,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -477,6 +495,22 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -512,12 +546,38 @@ + + + + http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description + uberon + dc-description + true + dc-description + description + + + + + + + + http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title + uberon + dc-title + true + dc-title + title + + + + @@ -530,6 +590,19 @@ + + + + http://purl.org/dc/terms/license + uberon + dcterms-license + true + dcterms-license + license + + + + @@ -560,6 +633,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -708,8 +787,8 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An part_of - part of part of + part of part_of @@ -744,8 +823,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. has_part - has part has part + has part has_part @@ -775,8 +854,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. preceded_by preceded_by - preceded by preceded by + preceded by @@ -800,8 +879,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. precedes precedes - precedes precedes + precedes @@ -841,8 +920,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. external bearer_of bearer_of - bearer of has characteristic + bearer of @@ -864,9 +943,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. uberon participates_in participates_in - participates in participates in - participates_in + participates in @@ -892,8 +970,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. external has_participant has_participant - has participant has participant + has participant @@ -975,8 +1053,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. uberon has_quality has_quality - has quality has quality + has quality @@ -1203,9 +1281,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) - immediately preceded by immediately preceded by - immediately_preceded_by + immediately preceded by @@ -1218,6 +1295,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets @@ -1229,7 +1307,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes - immediately_precedes + immediately precedes @@ -1267,8 +1345,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. overlaps - overlaps overlaps + overlaps @@ -1292,7 +1370,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria - Chris Mungall + RO:0002160 @@ -1335,8 +1413,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. - Chris Mungall - Jennifer Deegan + + RO:0002162 @@ -1366,8 +1444,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. has_component has_component - has component has component + has component @@ -1393,12 +1471,10 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - - process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit - Chris Mungall - David Hill - Tanya Berardini + p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. + + + GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. @@ -1411,8 +1487,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. regulates - regulates regulates + regulates @@ -1427,8 +1503,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - Chris Mungall + p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + negatively regulates (process to process) @@ -1439,8 +1515,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. negatively_regulates - negatively regulates negatively regulates + negatively regulates @@ -1460,8 +1536,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - Chris Mungall + p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + positively regulates (process to process) @@ -1472,8 +1548,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. positively_regulates - positively regulates positively regulates + positively regulates @@ -1482,13 +1558,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. - Chris Mungall + has function realized in @@ -1499,8 +1574,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. capable_of capable_of - capable of capable of + capable of @@ -1515,15 +1590,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. - Chris Mungall + has function in RO:0002216 external uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of - capable of part of capable of part of + capable of part of @@ -1544,7 +1619,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 @@ -1563,6 +1638,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of starts with + Chris Mungall Allen RO:0002223 @@ -1570,8 +1646,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. starts starts - starts starts + starts @@ -1585,6 +1661,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. + Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 @@ -1593,8 +1670,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. starts_with starts_with - starts with starts with + starts with @@ -1607,14 +1684,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of ends with + Chris Mungall RO:0002229 uberon ends ends - ends ends + ends @@ -1627,6 +1705,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. + Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 @@ -1635,8 +1714,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. ends_with ends_with - ends with ends with + ends with @@ -1653,7 +1732,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. - Chris Mungall + consumes RO:0002233 external @@ -1663,8 +1742,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. has_input - has input has input + has input @@ -1680,7 +1759,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. - Chris Mungall + produces RO:0002234 external @@ -1690,8 +1769,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. has_output - has output has output + has output @@ -1737,15 +1816,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). + p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. - Chris Mungall + RO:0002295 external results_in_developmental_progression_of results_in_developmental_progression_of - results in developmental progression of results in developmental progression of + results in developmental progression of @@ -1757,10 +1836,10 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) + an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. - Chris Mungall + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002297 external @@ -1769,8 +1848,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. results_in_formation_of - results in formation of results in formation of + results in formation of @@ -1780,8 +1859,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. - cjm + RO:0002304 external causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect @@ -1799,13 +1879,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. - cjm + RO:0002305 external causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect + + causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect - holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect @@ -1825,7 +1907,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of - Chris Mungall + inheres in part of @@ -1848,7 +1930,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A relationship that holds via some environmental process - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to @@ -1859,7 +1941,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A mereological relationship or a topological relationship - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to @@ -1871,7 +1953,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to @@ -1892,7 +1974,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity - Chris Mungall + c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. + catalyzes executes has @@ -1909,14 +1992,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. - Chris Mungall + This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to - functionally related to functionally related to + functionally related to @@ -1930,7 +2013,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. - Chris Mungall + false part of structure that is capable of @@ -1960,7 +2043,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p - Chris Mungall + actively involved in enables part of involved in @@ -1975,7 +2058,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of enables - Chris Mungall + enabled by @@ -1990,15 +2073,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of regulates - Chris Mungall + regulated by (processual) RO:0002334 external regulated_by regulated_by - regulated by regulated by + regulated by @@ -2008,14 +2091,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of negatively regulates - Chris Mungall + RO:0002335 external negatively_regulated_by negatively_regulated_by - negatively regulated by negatively regulated by + negatively regulated by @@ -2025,14 +2108,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of positively regulates - Chris Mungall + RO:0002336 external positively_regulated_by positively_regulated_by - positively regulated by positively regulated by + positively regulated by @@ -2043,15 +2126,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of has input - Chris Mungall + RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of - input of input of + input of @@ -2062,7 +2145,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of has output - Chris Mungall + RO:0002353 external uberon @@ -2070,8 +2153,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. output_of - output of output of + output of @@ -2080,7 +2163,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - Chris Mungall + formed as result of @@ -2094,13 +2177,13 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of upstream of - Chris Mungall + RO:0002404 external causally_downstream_of causally_downstream_of - causally downstream of causally downstream of + causally downstream of @@ -2112,13 +2195,71 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - Chris Mungall + RO:0002405 external immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately_causally_downstream_of - immediately causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of + immediately causally downstream of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. + + indirectly activates + + indirectly positively regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. + + indirectly inhibits + + indirectly negatively regulates @@ -2126,15 +2267,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - - This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? - * Is the influence positive or negative + * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. @@ -2143,10 +2283,16 @@ For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in whi For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to + + + + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality + @@ -2156,17 +2302,16 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain - Chris Mungall + p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. + RO:0002411 external causally_upstream_of causally_upstream_of - causally upstream of causally upstream of + causally upstream of @@ -2176,16 +2321,15 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. - Chris Mungall + p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. + RO:0002412 external immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately_causally_upstream_of - immediately causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of + immediately causally upstream of @@ -2196,9 +2340,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. + p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 - Chris Mungall + influences (processual) RO:0002418 external @@ -2216,7 +2360,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different inverse of causally upstream of or within - Chris Mungall + RO:0002427 external @@ -2242,7 +2386,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in regulation of @@ -2261,7 +2405,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in positive regulation of @@ -2281,7 +2425,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in negative regulation of @@ -2296,7 +2440,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union - Chris Mungall + involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of @@ -2312,7 +2456,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. - Chris Mungall + Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with @@ -2329,7 +2473,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. - Chris Mungall + binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with @@ -2344,7 +2488,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Axiomatization to GO to be added later - Chris Mungall + An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates @@ -2366,8 +2510,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + molecularly controls directly regulates activity of @@ -2387,8 +2531,8 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of @@ -2409,8 +2553,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regul The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of @@ -2421,7 +2565,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) @@ -2432,7 +2576,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + is kinase activity @@ -2443,7 +2587,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. relation between physical entity and a process or stage @@ -2455,7 +2599,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) - Chris Mungall + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps @@ -2473,7 +2617,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). - Chris Mungall + RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon @@ -2496,7 +2640,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). - Chris Mungall + RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with @@ -2524,7 +2668,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. - Chris Mungall + RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before @@ -2553,8 +2697,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. - Chris Mungall + p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes @@ -2565,7 +2709,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + depends on @@ -2579,7 +2723,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities @@ -2592,7 +2736,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by @@ -2604,7 +2748,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ @@ -2616,7 +2760,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + molecular interaction relation helper property @@ -2639,8 +2783,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences @@ -2653,14 +2797,18 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. - Chris Mungall + p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + directly regulates (processual) + RO:0002578 + external + directly_regulates + directly_regulates directly regulates @@ -2677,7 +2825,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p - Chris Mungall + has part structure that is capable of @@ -2706,7 +2854,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul results_in_assembly_of results in assembly of - results_in_assembly_of @@ -2721,7 +2868,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul results_in_disassembly_of results_in_disassembly_of results in disassembly of - results_in_disassembly_of @@ -2749,7 +2895,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. - Chris Mungall + causal relation between material entity and a process @@ -2823,13 +2969,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. + p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) + RO:0002629 + external + directly_positively_regulates + directly_positively_regulates directly positively regulates @@ -2840,13 +2990,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. + p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) + RO:0002630 + external + directly_negatively_regulates + directly_negatively_regulates directly negatively regulates @@ -2857,7 +3011,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. - cjm + 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z RO:0004007 external @@ -2875,7 +3029,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. - cjm + 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z RO:0004008 external @@ -2906,7 +3060,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. - cjm + 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction @@ -2922,7 +3076,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect @@ -2940,7 +3094,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect @@ -2959,7 +3113,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect @@ -2979,7 +3133,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect @@ -2993,7 +3147,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect @@ -3005,7 +3159,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect @@ -3019,12 +3173,37 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. - Vasundra Touré + regulates activity of + + + + + p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. + pg + 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z + indirectly causally upstream of + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + pg + 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z + indirectly regulates + + + + @@ -3070,8 +3249,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 + + A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z @@ -3149,8 +3328,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity - cjm + 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z + RO:0040036 + external + results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure + results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure @@ -3192,6 +3375,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + @@ -11523,6 +11712,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + @@ -11773,7 +11963,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function @@ -11790,7 +11980,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt @@ -12093,6 +12283,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. + GO:0005887 GO:0005904 juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 @@ -12103,6 +12294,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane + integral component of plasma membrane + integral to plasma membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer cellular_component GO:0005886 @@ -12291,8 +12484,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + - @@ -12395,7 +12588,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + @@ -12512,13 +12705,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells. + The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 GO:0006519 - amino acid and derivative metabolism - amino acid metabolic process - cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process + cellular amino acid metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolism biological_process + amino acid and derivative metabolism + cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process GO:0006520 @@ -12527,12 +12721,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cellular amino acid metabolic process + amino acid metabolic process - The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells. + The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. ISBN:0198506732 @@ -12963,7 +13157,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 @@ -12989,7 +13184,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt @@ -13054,15 +13249,16 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 Wikipedia:Amino_acid_synthesis - amino acid biosynthetic process - cellular amino acid anabolism - cellular amino acid biosynthesis - cellular amino acid formation - cellular amino acid synthesis + amino acid anabolism + amino acid biosynthesis + amino acid formation + amino acid synthesis + cellular amino acid biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0008652 - cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + amino acid biosynthetic process @@ -13129,6 +13325,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070589 GO:0043284 biopolymer biosynthetic process macromolecule anabolism @@ -13315,6 +13512,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul GO:0009987 + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process @@ -13591,15 +13789,20 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. + A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. 2014-03-06T11:37:54Z + GO:0016021 GO:0098589 GO:0098805 Wikipedia:Biological_membrane + Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein + integral component of membrane + integral to membrane membrane region region of membrane whole membrane cellular_component + transmembrane GO:0016020 @@ -13613,11 +13816,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. + A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 + + + + transmembrane + GOC:mah + @@ -14236,11 +14445,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex assembly RNP complex assembly - protein-RNA complex assembly + ribonucleoprotein complex assembly biological_process GO:0022618 - ribonucleoprotein complex assembly + protein-RNA complex assembly @@ -14463,6 +14672,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul dsRNA biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0032774 + Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study. RNA biosynthetic process @@ -14552,12 +14762,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25143 RNA-protein complex disassembly RNP complex disassembly - protein-RNA complex disassembly + ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly biological_process GO:0032988 - ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly + protein-RNA complex disassembly @@ -14572,12 +14783,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - - - + A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GO:0043234 @@ -14627,62 +14833,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. - GO:0034961 - cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - cellular macromolecule anabolism - cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - cellular macromolecule formation - cellular macromolecule synthesis - biological_process - GO:0034645 - cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - - - - - cellular macromolecule anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule formation - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule synthesis - GOC:mah - - - - @@ -14840,6 +14990,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process @@ -15097,7 +15248,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + @@ -15106,10 +15257,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. amide metabolism + cellular amide metabolic process biological_process GO:0043603 - cellular amide metabolic process + amide metabolic process @@ -15308,6 +15460,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul intermediary metabolism GO:0044237 + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular metabolic process @@ -15369,34 +15522,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GO:0034960 - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - cellular macromolecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044260 - cellular macromolecule metabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - - - - @@ -15682,7 +15807,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. + The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. biological_process nuclear envelope breakdown nuclear envelope catabolism @@ -15694,7 +15819,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. + The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. GOC:ai @@ -16146,14 +16271,16 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25143 mah 2010-09-08T10:10:35Z RNA-protein complex subunit organization protein-RNA complex subunit organization ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation + ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization biological_process GO:0071826 - ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization + protein-RNA complex organization @@ -16224,7 +16351,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. + The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. mah 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z cellular_component @@ -16235,8 +16362,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. - GOC:mah + The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. + GOC:pdt @@ -16556,6 +16683,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z cellular_component GO:0110165 + cellular anatomical entity @@ -17031,7 +17159,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + @@ -17040,7 +17168,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. @@ -17075,7 +17203,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + @@ -17085,7 +17213,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. @@ -17271,6 +17399,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19980 bhm 2013-11-13T16:18:47Z enzyme complex @@ -17581,7 +17710,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17600,7 +17729,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17631,7 +17760,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17651,7 +17780,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. - WordNet:WordNet + WordNet:WordNet @@ -17696,7 +17825,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17735,7 +17864,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A duration quality of a process which is relatively high. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17773,7 +17902,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A size quality which is relatively high. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17795,7 +17924,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17821,7 +17950,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality which inheres in an process. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17851,7 +17980,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality which inheres in a continuant. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17892,7 +18021,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17911,7 +18040,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -17932,7 +18061,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. - Biology-online:Biology-online + Biology-online:Biology-online @@ -17953,7 +18082,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. - Biology-online:Biology-online + Biology-online:Biology-online @@ -17974,7 +18103,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. - Biology-online:Biology-online + Biology-online:Biology-online @@ -18046,7 +18175,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. - PATOC:cjm + PATOC:cjm @@ -18066,7 +18195,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18103,7 +18232,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18124,7 +18253,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18162,7 +18291,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18195,7 +18324,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18228,7 +18357,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18252,7 +18381,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for acidic dyes under specific pH conditions. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18274,7 +18403,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -18379,8 +18508,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - + + 2 + An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. @@ -18388,7 +18518,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul polypeptide protein PR:000018263 - Category=external. + Category=polymer. amino acid chain @@ -18456,6 +18586,70 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. + protein + protein aggregate + protein complex + protein-containing complex + protein + PR:000050567 + Note: This includes single proteins and derivatives thereof (PR:000000001), protein-containing complexes (GO:0032991), and protein aggregates (PR:000050566). + protein-containing material entity + + + + + A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein aggregate + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein complex + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein-containing complex + PRO:DAN + + + + @@ -18465,9 +18659,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. + + + uberon UBERON:0000000 + processual entity @@ -18480,6 +18679,278 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + + + + AAO:0010825 + AEO:0000003 + BILA:0000003 + CARO:0000003 + EHDAA2:0003003 + EMAPA:0 + FBbt:00007001 + FMA:305751 + FMA:67135 + GAID:781 + HAO:0000003 + MA:0003000 + MESH:D000825 + SCTID:362889002 + TAO:0000037 + TGMA:0001823 + VHOG:0001759 + XAO:0003000 + ZFA:0000037 + http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure + biological structure + connected biological structure + uberon + UBERON:0000061 + + + anatomical structure + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + CARO:0000003 + + + + + connected biological structure + CARO:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + End of the life of an organism. + + + + ncit:Death is an outcome + XAO:0000437 + XtroDO:0000085 + uberon + death + UBERON:0000071 + + death stage + + + + + End of the life of an organism. + XAO:0000437 + + + + + ncit:Death is an outcome + ncit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. + + + + FBdv:00000000 + HsapDv:0000001 + MmusDv:0000001 + OGES:000011 + ncithesaurus:Life + entire life cycle + entire lifespan + life + lifespan + uberon + UBERON:0000104 + + + life cycle + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/532 + + + + + An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. + this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here + + + + the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages + we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage + BILS:0000105 + EFO:0000399 + FBdv:00007012 + FMA:24120 + HsapDv:0000000 + MESH:D008018 + MmusDv:0000000 + OlatDv:0000010 + PdumDv:0000090 + WBls:0000002 + XAO:1000000 + ZFS:0000000 + ZFS:0100000 + ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage + developmental stage + stage + uberon + UBERON:0000105 + + + + life cycle stage + + + + + A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + + + + AAO:0010264 + AEO:0000006 + BILA:0000006 + CARO:0000006 + EHDAA2:0003006 + FBbt:00007016 + FMA:67165 + HAO:0000006 + TAO:0001836 + TGMA:0001826 + VHOG:0001721 + uberon + UBERON:0000465 + + + material anatomical entity + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + + + + AAO:0010841 + AEO:0000000 + BILA:0000000 + BIRNLEX:6 + CARO:0000000 + EHDAA2:0002229 + FBbt:10000000 + FMA:62955 + HAO:0000000 + MA:0000001 + NCIT:C12219 + TAO:0100000 + TGMA:0001822 + UMLS:C1515976 + WBbt:0000100 + XAO:0000000 + ZFA:0100000 + uberon + UBERON:0001062 + + + anatomical entity + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + FMA:62955 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C1515976 + ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance + + + + + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/pco_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/pco_import.owl index 72cb0eb..29c5dc2 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/pco_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/pco_import.owl @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ xmlns:subsets="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/subsets#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - + - 2022-10-05 + 2024-02-06 @@ -50,20 +50,20 @@ - editor preferred label editor preferred label - editor preferred term editor preferred term + editor preferred label + editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - editor preferred label editor preferred label - editor preferred term editor preferred term + editor preferred label + editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ - definition definition + definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. @@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - definition definition + definition textual definition @@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - term editor term editor + term editor @@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober - Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> + Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w - definition source definition source + definition source @@ -323,6 +323,12 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ + + + + + + @@ -496,14 +502,6 @@ We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to differ - - - - - - - - @@ -612,6 +610,39 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + inheres in + this fragility inheres in this vase + this red color inheres in this apple + a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. + inheres_in + + inheres in + + + + + + + + + bearer of + this apple is bearer of this red color + this vase is bearer of this fragility + a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. + bearer_of + is bearer of + + bearer of + + + + @@ -649,6 +680,35 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + + + this red color is a quality of this apple + a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. + is quality of + quality_of + quality of + + + + + + + + + + this apple has quality this red color + a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. + has_quality + has quality + + + + @@ -664,7 +724,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. - GOC:dos + GOC:dos @@ -2020,6 +2080,7 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream + realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. @@ -2063,6 +2124,15 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream + + + + + quality + + + + @@ -2164,8 +2234,8 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. - An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). + An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] @@ -2386,7 +2456,6 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. - 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some @@ -2394,6 +2463,7 @@ process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief + 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees @@ -2540,7 +2610,7 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -2563,7 +2633,7 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -2590,7 +2660,7 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be A quality which inheres in an process. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -2621,7 +2691,7 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be A quality which inheres in a continuant. - PATOC:GVG + PATOC:GVG @@ -3047,8 +3117,8 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be true - MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z - infer input from direct reg + MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z + infer input from direct reg @@ -3389,5 +3459,5 @@ JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate be - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/ro_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/ro_import.owl index 466a33e..9caeca6 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/ro_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/ro_import.owl @@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" + xmlns:core="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#" + xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" @@ -16,9 +18,9 @@ xmlns:subsets="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/subsets#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - - 2022-10-05 + + + 2024-02-06 @@ -37,6 +39,11 @@ + editor preferred term + + The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term @@ -45,8 +52,13 @@ + example of usage + A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage + example of usage @@ -60,7 +72,32 @@ + definition + The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. + 2012-04-05: +Barry Smith + +The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. + +Can you fix to something like: + +A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. + +Alan Ruttenberg + +Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. + +On the specifics of the proposed definition: + +We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. + +Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. + +We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> + definition definition @@ -75,7 +112,12 @@ + term editor + Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people + 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor @@ -84,8 +126,14 @@ + alternative label - alternative term + A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + OBO Operations committee + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> + Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). + alternative label @@ -93,7 +141,12 @@ + definition source + Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 + PERSON:Daniel Schober + Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source @@ -105,9 +158,9 @@ - + - + @@ -135,6 +188,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -149,6 +208,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -225,6 +290,22 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -267,6 +348,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -279,6 +366,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -306,7 +399,12 @@ + An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. + + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 + has broad synonym has_broad_synonym + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 @@ -322,7 +420,12 @@ + An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. + + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 + has exact synonym has_exact_synonym + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 @@ -333,12 +436,24 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -357,6 +472,12 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. + + indirectly activates + + indirectly positively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. + + indirectly inhibits + + indirectly negatively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates + + + + - - This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? - * Is the influence positive or negative + * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. @@ -1577,10 +1767,16 @@ For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in whi For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to + + + + relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality + @@ -1590,9 +1786,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain - Chris Mungall + p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. + causally upstream of @@ -1605,9 +1800,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - - p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. - Chris Mungall + p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. + immediately causally upstream of @@ -1620,9 +1814,9 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different - p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. + p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 - Chris Mungall + influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within @@ -1636,7 +1830,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different inverse of causally upstream of or within - Chris Mungall + causally downstream of or within @@ -1658,7 +1852,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in regulation of @@ -1677,7 +1871,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in positive regulation of @@ -1697,7 +1891,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + involved in negative regulation of @@ -1712,7 +1906,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union - Chris Mungall + involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of @@ -1728,7 +1922,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. - Chris Mungall + Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with @@ -1745,7 +1939,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. - Chris Mungall + binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with @@ -1760,7 +1954,7 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different Axiomatization to GO to be added later - Chris Mungall + An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates @@ -1782,8 +1976,8 @@ Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + molecularly controls directly regulates activity of @@ -1803,8 +1997,8 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of @@ -1825,8 +2019,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regul The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of @@ -1837,7 +2031,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) @@ -1848,7 +2042,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + is kinase activity @@ -1859,7 +2053,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. relation between physical entity and a process or stage @@ -1871,7 +2065,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) - Chris Mungall + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps @@ -1888,7 +2082,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). - Chris Mungall + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during @@ -1900,7 +2094,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). - Chris Mungall + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with @@ -1928,7 +2122,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. - Chris Mungall + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before @@ -1953,8 +2147,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. - Chris Mungall + p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes @@ -1965,7 +2159,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + depends on @@ -1979,7 +2173,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities @@ -1992,7 +2186,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by @@ -2004,7 +2198,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ @@ -2016,7 +2210,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + molecular interaction relation helper property @@ -2039,8 +2233,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences @@ -2053,8 +2247,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. - Chris Mungall + p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + directly regulates (processual) @@ -2077,7 +2271,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p - Chris Mungall + has part structure that is capable of @@ -2091,7 +2285,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. - Chris Mungall + causal relation between material entity and a process @@ -2161,7 +2355,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. + p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) @@ -2169,6 +2363,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul directly positively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates @@ -2178,7 +2373,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. + p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) @@ -2186,6 +2381,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul directly negatively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates @@ -2201,7 +2397,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. - cjm + 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus @@ -2217,7 +2413,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. - cjm + 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction @@ -2233,11 +2429,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect @@ -2251,10 +2447,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect @@ -2270,11 +2467,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect @@ -2290,11 +2487,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect @@ -2304,9 +2501,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect @@ -2316,9 +2514,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect + @@ -2333,10 +2532,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. - Austin Meier - Chris Mungall - David Osumi-Sutherland - Marie Angelique Laporte + + + + triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit @@ -2345,7 +2544,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul triggered by process - RO:cjm + @@ -2357,12 +2556,37 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. - Vasundra Touré + regulates activity of + + + + + p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. + + 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z + indirectly causally upstream of + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + + 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z + indirectly regulates + + + + @@ -2372,11 +2596,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 + + A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 - 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z + 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material @@ -2499,7 +2723,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. + + b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) + A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant @@ -2509,7 +2735,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. + p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) + An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process @@ -2567,7 +2794,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. + + b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) + A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant @@ -2583,6 +2812,23 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + + + + + + b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) + A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. + generically dependent continuant + + + + @@ -2602,46 +2848,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - - - anatomical entity - - - - - - - - - - connected anatomical structure - - - - - - - - - - - material anatomical entity - - - - - - - - - biological entity - - - - @@ -2653,10 +2859,26 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - cell + + A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. + CALOHA:TS-2035 + FBbt:00007002 + FMA:68646 + GO:0005623 + KUPO:0000002 + MESH:D002477 + VHOG:0001533 + WBbt:0004017 + XAO:0003012 + The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). + cell + + + + A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. + CARO:mah + @@ -2664,68 +2886,139 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. + 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z + EcoLexicon:environment + environment + In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system + + + + A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. + DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 + - - molecular process + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. + molecular function + GO:0003674 + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function - - - - - - - - catalytic activity - + + + + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. + GOC:pdt + - + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + jl + 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z + Wikipedia:Biological_process + biological process + physiological process + single organism process + single-organism process + GO:0008150 + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process + + + + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + GOC:pdt + - + true + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 + Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 + phosphokinase activity + GO:0016301 + Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity + + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 + FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 + FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines + - + - - - transferase activity + + + information content entity + information content entity - + - - - transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + curation status specification + + The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. + Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) + PERSON:Bill Bug + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> + OBI_0000266 + curation status specification @@ -2734,9 +3027,16 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - quality (PATO) + A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities + PATO:0000001 quality + + + + A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities + PATOC:GVG + @@ -2746,13 +3046,249 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 - Chris Mungall + http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + + + AAO:0010825 + AEO:0000003 + BILA:0000003 + CARO:0000003 + EHDAA2:0003003 + EMAPA:0 + FBbt:00007001 + FMA:305751 + FMA:67135 + GAID:781 + HAO:0000003 + MA:0003000 + MESH:D000825 + SCTID:362889002 + TAO:0000037 + TGMA:0001823 + VHOG:0001759 + XAO:0003000 + ZFA:0000037 + http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure + biological structure + connected biological structure + UBERON:0000061 + + + anatomical structure + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + CARO:0000003 + + + + + connected biological structure + CARO:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + + + AAO:0010264 + AEO:0000006 + BILA:0000006 + CARO:0000006 + EHDAA2:0003006 + FBbt:00007016 + FMA:67165 + HAO:0000006 + TAO:0001836 + TGMA:0001826 + VHOG:0001721 + UBERON:0000465 + + + material anatomical entity + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + + + AAO:0010841 + AEO:0000000 + BILA:0000000 + BIRNLEX:6 + CARO:0000000 + EHDAA2:0002229 + FBbt:10000000 + FMA:62955 + HAO:0000000 + MA:0000001 + NCIT:C12219 + TAO:0100000 + TGMA:0001822 + UMLS:C1515976 + WBbt:0000100 + XAO:0000000 + ZFA:0100000 + UBERON:0001062 + + + anatomical entity + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + FMA:62955 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C1515976 + ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance + + + + + + + + + + + + + example to be eventually removed + example to be eventually removed + + + + + + + + metadata complete + Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. + metadata complete + + + + + + + + organizational term + Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release + organizational term + + + + + + + + ready for release + + Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." + ready for release + + + + + + + + metadata incomplete + Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. + metadata incomplete + + + + + + + + uncurated + Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. + uncurated + + + + + + + + + pending final vetting + + All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. + pending final vetting + + + + + + + + to be replaced with external ontology term + Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. + Alan Ruttenberg + group:OBI + to be replaced with external ontology term + + + + + + + + + requires discussion + + A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. + Alan Ruttenberg + group:OBI + requires discussion + + + + + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/uberon_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/uberon_import.owl index ce84b3b..1fdba70 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/uberon_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/uberon_import.owl @@ -9,24 +9,31 @@ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" + xmlns:cito="http://purl.org/spar/cito/" xmlns:core="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" + xmlns:obo1="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/" xmlns:pato="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:chebi="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/" + xmlns:sssom="https://w3id.org/sssom/" xmlns:swrla="http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#" xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" - xmlns:chebi1="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#3" - xmlns:chebi2="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#1" + xmlns:vocab="https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/" + xmlns:chebi3="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#2" + xmlns:chebi4="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#3" + xmlns:chebi5="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi#1" + xmlns:terms2="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:ubprop="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ubprop#" xmlns:subsets="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/subsets#" xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#" xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#"> - - 2022-10-06 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -63,14 +70,19 @@ + example of usage + + A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage - example of usage example of usage + example of usage @@ -84,10 +96,34 @@ + definition + The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. + 2012-04-05: +Barry Smith + +The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. + +Can you fix to something like: + +A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. + +Alan Ruttenberg + +Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. + +On the specifics of the proposed definition: + +We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. + +Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. + +We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> - definition definition + definition @@ -95,14 +131,19 @@ + editor note + + An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. + PERSON:Daniel Schober + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note - editor note editor note + editor note @@ -137,9 +178,9 @@ - + - + @@ -173,15 +214,15 @@ - + - + - + - + @@ -235,6 +276,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -253,6 +300,18 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -407,6 +466,14 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -457,41 +524,57 @@ - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -577,6 +660,14 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -599,6 +690,14 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -607,6 +706,54 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -615,10 +762,10 @@ - + - - abbreviation + + @@ -800,7 +947,7 @@ - + http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator uberon dc-creator true @@ -819,7 +966,7 @@ - + http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description true @@ -829,16 +976,10 @@ - - - - - - - + http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title true @@ -869,7 +1010,7 @@ - + http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license true @@ -885,21 +1026,21 @@ - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -917,13 +1058,17 @@ - + + created by + - + + creation date + @@ -996,7 +1141,12 @@ + An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. + + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 + has broad synonym has_broad_synonym + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 @@ -1012,7 +1162,12 @@ + An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. + + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 + has exact synonym has_exact_synonym + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 @@ -1071,12 +1226,6 @@ - - - - - - @@ -1089,12 +1238,6 @@ - - - - - - @@ -1131,12 +1274,6 @@ - - - - - - @@ -1191,6 +1328,18 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -1203,15 +1352,53 @@ - + + + + http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso + spatial + uberon + seeAlso + true + seeAlso + see also + + + + + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -1232,27 +1419,16 @@ - is part of is part of - my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) - my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) - this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) - a core relation that holds between a part and its whole a core relation that holds between a part and its whole - Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime - Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) - -A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. + Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. - part_of part_of @@ -1263,8 +1439,6 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An BFO:0000050 - external - protein quality spatial uberon @@ -1274,11 +1448,12 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An part_of - part of part of + part of part_of + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of @@ -1289,34 +1464,19 @@ A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An - has part has part - my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) - my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) - this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) - Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. - a core relation that holds between a whole and its part a core relation that holds between a whole and its part - Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ - Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime - Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) - -A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. + Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. - has_part has_part BFO:0000051 - chebi_ontology - external - protein quality spatial uberon @@ -1324,19 +1484,11 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - false has_part - We use the has_part relation to relate complex qualities to more primitive ones. A complex quality is a collection of qualities. The complex quality cannot exist without the sub-qualities. For example, the quality 'swollen' necessarily comes with the qualities of 'protruding' and 'increased size'. - has part has part + has part has_part - - - - Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. - PATOC:CJM - @@ -1353,35 +1505,19 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. preceded by - X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by - http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by + http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 - is preceded by - takes place after uberon preceded_by preceded_by - preceded by preceded by - preceded_by + preceded by - - - - is preceded by - SIO:000249 - - - - - takes place after - Allen:precedes - @@ -1403,8 +1539,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. precedes precedes - precedes precedes + precedes @@ -1428,12 +1564,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in + BFO:0000066 + occurs_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in @@ -1449,8 +1588,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant - contains process contains process + contains process @@ -1461,9 +1600,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. - x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer - cjm - 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 rostral_to spatial @@ -1471,7 +1607,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. anterior_to anterior_to anterior to - anterior_to @@ -1481,12 +1616,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm - - - - x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer - - @@ -1496,14 +1625,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). - x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 spatial uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal to - dorsal_to @@ -1513,12 +1640,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm - - - - x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). - - @@ -1527,16 +1648,13 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. - x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal to - caudal_to spatial uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior to - posterior_to @@ -1546,12 +1664,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm - - - - x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. - - @@ -1566,14 +1678,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). - x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 spatial uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral to - ventral_to @@ -1583,12 +1693,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm - - - - x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). - - @@ -1604,14 +1708,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. deep_to deep_to deep to - deep_to - - - - Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. - - @@ -1632,14 +1729,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. superficial_to superficial_to superficial to - superficial_to - - - - Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. - - @@ -1656,6 +1746,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 + NCIT:C25229 spatial uberon in_left_side_of @@ -1678,6 +1769,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 + NCIT:C25228 spatial uberon in_right_side_of @@ -1699,14 +1791,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. - X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 spatial uberon in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of in posterior side of - in_posterior_side_of @@ -1714,12 +1804,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - - - - X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. - BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - @@ -1728,14 +1812,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. - X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 spatial uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in anterior side of - in_anterior_side_of @@ -1743,12 +1825,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - - - - X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. - BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - @@ -1756,8 +1832,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - - X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 spatial @@ -1765,14 +1839,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in proximal side of - in_proximal_side_of - - - - X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. - BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - @@ -1786,7 +1853,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 spatial @@ -1794,14 +1860,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in distal side of - in_distal_side_of - - - - X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. - BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 - @@ -1816,14 +1875,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure - X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 spatial uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of - in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern @@ -1831,13 +1888,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure - UBERON:cjm - - - - - X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure - + UBERON:cjm @@ -1847,33 +1898,19 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y - X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 spatial uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost part of - proximalmost_part_of - - - - X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y - - X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 - - - - X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y - - @@ -1881,9 +1918,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. - - This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 spatial @@ -1891,14 +1926,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately deep to - immediately_deep_to - - - - This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. - - @@ -1913,33 +1941,19 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y - X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y BSPO:0001108 spatial uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of distalmost part of - distalmost_part_of - - - - X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y - - X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 - - - - X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y - - @@ -2002,19 +2016,65 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 exactly 0 ?Y + lacks_part + + + + + + + + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y) + lacks_plasma_membrane_part + + + + + + + + GOREL:0002003 + external + results_in_distribution_of + results_in_distribution_of + results in distribution of + results_in_distribution_of + + + + + + + + + GOREL:0002004 + external + results_in_fission_of + results_in_fission_of + results in fission of + results_in_fission_of + + + + inheres in - this fragility inheres in this vase - this red color inheres in this apple + this fragility is a characteristic of this vase + this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. - a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence - A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in + RO:0000052 + characteristic_of + Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of @@ -2029,15 +2089,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of - a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 - uberon - bearer_of - bearer_of + has_characteristic has characteristic @@ -2060,6 +2117,7 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. participates_in participates_in participates in + participates in @@ -2080,7 +2138,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant - http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant + http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant + RO:0000057 + has_participant has participant @@ -2092,7 +2152,14 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. + function_of + is function of + RO:0000079 + function_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of @@ -2108,6 +2175,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of + RO:0000080 + quality_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of @@ -2123,6 +2193,9 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of + RO:0000081 + role_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of @@ -2134,7 +2207,12 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. + has_function + RO:0000085 + has_function has function @@ -2150,12 +2228,11 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality RO:0000086 - protein uberon has_quality - false has_quality has quality + has quality @@ -2171,10 +2248,6 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 - chebi_ontology - has_role - false - false has_role has role @@ -2189,6 +2262,8 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence + RO:0000091 + has_disposition has disposition @@ -2199,6 +2274,10 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. inverse of has disposition + RO:0000092 + + disposition_of + This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of @@ -2209,39 +2288,19 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + is location of + my head is the location of my brain + this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location + Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ + location_of + RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contained in - - - - - - - - RO:0001019 - uberon - contains - contains - contains + location of @@ -2276,12 +2335,23 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + located in + my brain is located in my head + this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location + Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus + Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ + located_in + + http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 uberon located_in + located_in located in + located in + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in @@ -2302,7 +2372,18 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity + A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. + Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. + 2D_boundary_of + boundary of + is 2D boundary of + is boundary of + surface of + + RO:0002000 + 2D_boundary_of 2D boundary of @@ -2313,12 +2394,21 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity + A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. + Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. + + has boundary + has_2D_boundary + RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary + has_2D_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary + has 2D boundary @@ -2327,15 +2417,20 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. + + + + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402613 RO:0002005 uberon innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by + innervated_by @@ -2365,12 +2460,15 @@ A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of + bounding_layer_of - A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. + A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of + bounding layer of @@ -2381,8 +2479,10 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. - dos + 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z + RO:0002013 + has_regulatory_component_activity has regulatory component activity @@ -2394,8 +2494,10 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. - dos + 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z + RO:0002014 + has_negative_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity @@ -2408,8 +2510,10 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. - dos + 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z + RO:0002015 + has_positive_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity @@ -2420,8 +2524,10 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - dos + 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z + RO:0002017 + has_component_activity A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity @@ -2435,20 +2541,38 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. - dos + 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z + RO:0002018 + has_component_process has component process + + + + + A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization. + + 2017-07-20T17:19:37Z + RO:0002021 + occurs_across + occurs across + + + + - dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z + RO:0002022 + directly_regulated_by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by @@ -2456,7 +2580,7 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. - GOC:dos + @@ -2467,15 +2591,17 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. - dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z + RO:0002023 + directly_negatively_regulated_by directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. - GOC:dos + @@ -2486,15 +2612,17 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. - dos + 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z + RO:0002024 + directly_positively_regulated_by directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. - GOC:dos + @@ -2503,11 +2631,12 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. - dos + 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z + RO:0002025 + has_effector_activity This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity @@ -2515,7 +2644,7 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. - GOC:dos + @@ -2524,6 +2653,12 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + David Osumi-Sutherland + <= + RO:0002081 + + before_or_simultaneous_with + Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with @@ -2533,14 +2668,19 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - - + + x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. + + David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002082 uberon simultaneous_with + simultaneous_with + t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with + simultaneous with @@ -2551,7 +2691,9 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland + RO:0002086 + ends_after X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after @@ -2567,27 +2709,16 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 - X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 - directly preceded by - is directly preceded by - is immediately preceded by - starts_at_end_of uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by - + immediately preceded by - - - - is immediately preceded by - SIO:000251 - @@ -2599,17 +2730,135 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets + RO:0002090 + immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes + + + + + + + + + + + + Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of. + + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ( + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043025> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y) + + RO:0002100 + has_soma_location + has soma location + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. + + + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that has_part some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) + + + RO:0002103 + uberon + synapsed_by + synapsed_by + synapsed by + synapsed by + + + + + + + + + + + Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814] + + Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. + + + + + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ?Y) + + RO:0002104 + has_plasma_membrane_part + has plasma membrane part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. + + + + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) + + + RO:0002120 + synapsed_to + N1 synapsed_to some N2 +Expands to: +N1 SubclassOf ( + has_part some ( + ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( + ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( + ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) + synapsed to + + + + @@ -2644,8 +2893,8 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] - overlaps overlaps + overlaps @@ -2668,18 +2917,25 @@ boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 + + Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + + <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002132> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043005> that (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) + + RO:0002134 uberon innervates innervates innervates + innervates @@ -2690,12 +2946,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. + + connected to + The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) + RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous with + continuous with + FMA:85972 @@ -2704,26 +2967,22 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - U only_in_taxon T: U is a feature found in only in organisms of species of taxon T. The feature cannot be found in an organism of any species outside of (not subsumed by) that taxon. Down-propagates in U hierarchy, up-propagates in T hierarchy (species taxonomy). Implies applicable_to_taxon. + lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' + x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. + The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. + + 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria + + + RO:0002160 - never_outside_taxon - specific_to - specific_to_taxon - protein uberon only_in_taxon - false only_in_taxon - Down-propagates. The original name for this in the paper is 'specific_to'. Applicable to genes because some genes are lost in sub-species (strains) of a species. only in taxon + - - - - U only_in_taxon T: U is a feature found in only in organisms of species of taxon T. The feature cannot be found in an organism of any species outside of (not subsumed by) that taxon. Down-propagates in U hierarchy, up-propagates in T hierarchy (species taxonomy). Implies applicable_to_taxon. - ROC:Waclaw - @@ -2782,6 +3041,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + + + + @@ -2810,12 +3073,20 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. + + + + RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon + in_taxon + Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon + @@ -2841,22 +3112,18 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. + a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b + RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to - Connection does not imply overlaps. connected to - + connected to + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern - - - - Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. - - @@ -2870,21 +3137,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. + The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh + a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. - this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) + RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects + connects + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern - - - - Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. - - @@ -2892,30 +3157,22 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - - - - + + a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. + attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of + attached_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of attached to part of + attached to part of - - - - - - - - true - @@ -2934,11 +3191,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. + Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure + RO:0002178 uberon supplies supplies supplies + supplies @@ -2949,14 +3209,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. + Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure + RO:0002179 - drains blood from - drains from uberon drains drains - source: Wikipedia drains + drains @@ -2971,13 +3231,12 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 - protein uberon has_component - false has_component has component + has component @@ -2992,25 +3251,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - - - - x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y - Chris Mungall - Chris Mungall - David Osumi-Sutherland - David Osumi-Sutherland - Melissa Haendel - Terry Meehan - Terry Meehan + + + + RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from + develops from @@ -3024,15 +3277,16 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of develops from - Chris Mungall - David Osumi-Sutherland - Terry Meehan + + + RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops into + develops into @@ -3042,12 +3296,36 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. + + + FBbt + RO:0002207 + has developmental precursor uberon directly_develops_from directly_develops_from + TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from + directly develops from @@ -3056,7 +3334,12 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + inverse of directly develops from + developmental precursor of + RO:0002210 + + directly_develops_into directly develops into @@ -3082,26 +3365,22 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - - process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit - Chris Mungall - David Hill - Tanya Berardini + p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. + + + GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 - external - regulates - regulates regulates + regulates (processual) @@ -3116,16 +3395,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - Chris Mungall + p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 - external - negatively_regulates - negatively_regulates @@ -3149,16 +3425,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. - Chris Mungall + p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. + positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 - external - positively_regulates - positively_regulates @@ -3171,28 +3444,23 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. - Chris Mungall + has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". - RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) RO:0002215 - external - protein uberon capable_of - - false capable_of capable of + capable of @@ -3207,15 +3475,15 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. - Chris Mungall + has function in - RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of - + capable of part of + @@ -3234,20 +3502,17 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x - x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y + + RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by + surrounded by - - - - x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y - - @@ -3257,16 +3522,32 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. + The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. + The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. + The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. + x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. - x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary + This relation acts as a join point with BSPO + + RO:0002220 spatial uberon adjacent_to + + + adjacent_to - adjacent to adjacent to + adjacent to + + + + A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. + + @@ -3274,20 +3555,18 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + inverse of surrounded by - inverse of surrounded_by + + RO:0002221 uberon surrounds + surrounds surrounds + surrounds - - - - inverse of surrounded_by - - @@ -3297,11 +3576,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 + RO:0002222 + temporally_related_to A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to @@ -3314,21 +3595,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. + inverse of starts with + + Chris Mungall + Allen RO:0002223 uberon starts + starts starts + starts - - - - Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. - - Allen:starts - @@ -3338,12 +3617,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor + x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. + + Chris Mungall + started by RO:0002224 uberon starts_with + starts_with starts with + starts with @@ -3356,12 +3642,15 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y + RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of + develops from part of @@ -3375,12 +3664,17 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing + + EHDAA2 + Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops_in develops in + develops in @@ -3391,23 +3685,18 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. + inverse of ends with + + Chris Mungall RO:0002229 - finishes uberon ends + ends ends + ends - - - - Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. - - Allen:starts - ZFS:finishes - @@ -3417,12 +3706,18 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. + + Chris Mungall + finished by RO:0002230 uberon ends_with + ends_with ends with + ends with @@ -3437,7 +3732,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y + + starts with process that occurs in + RO:0002231 + + has_start_location has start location @@ -3453,7 +3754,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y + + ends with process that occurs in + RO:0002232 + + has_end_location has end location @@ -3465,20 +3772,22 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. - Chris Mungall + consumes + RO:0002233 + has_input has input + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input @@ -3492,8 +3801,51 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. + + produces + RO:0002234 + + + + + has_output has output + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output + + + + + + + + + + + In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is connecting branch of S, and B1-1 as a connecting branch of B1. + b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t. + + RO:0002252 + uberon + connecting_branch_of + connecting_branch_of + connecting branch of + + + + + + + + + + inverse of connecting branch of + + RO:0002253 + + has_connecting_branch + has connecting branch @@ -3503,7 +3855,6 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - @@ -3513,12 +3864,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y - Chris Mungall + RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from + has developmental contribution from @@ -3534,10 +3886,8 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of has developmental contribution from - Chris Mungall + RO:0002255 - uberon - developmentally_contributes_to developmentally_contributes_to developmentally contributes to @@ -3550,21 +3900,25 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. - t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T + + + + t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T + + + + induced by + + Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) + GO:0001759 + We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by - sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) developmentally induced by + developmentally induced by - - - - t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. - GO:0001759 - @@ -3573,7 +3927,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + Inverse of developmentally induced by + + RO:0002257 + developmentally_induces developmentally induces @@ -3588,8 +3946,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false - Chris Mungall + In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one + RO:0002258 + developmentally_preceded_by This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by @@ -3606,7 +3966,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. + RO:0002263 + acts_upstream_of acts upstream of @@ -3623,10 +3985,12 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. + RO:0002264 affects + acts_upstream_of_or_within acts upstream of or within - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within @@ -3635,12 +3999,17 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else + This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage + + replaces RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces + developmentally replaces @@ -3651,7 +4020,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Inverse of developmentally preceded by - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002286 + developmentally_succeeded_by developmentally succeeded by @@ -3665,22 +4036,131 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue + + + RO:0002287 + part_of_developmental_precursor_of part of developmental precursor of + + + + + + + p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). + This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. + + RO:0002295 + results_in_developmental_progression_of + results in developmental progression of + + + + + + + + + + + every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046) + + p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state. + + http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml + RO:0002296 + + + + results_in_development_of + results in development of + + + + + + + + + + + every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) + an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. + + + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 + RO:0002297 + + + + results_in_formation_of + results in formation of + + + + + + + + + + tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723) + an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape. + + The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state. + + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 + RO:0002298 + + + + results_in_morphogenesis_of + results in morphogenesis of + + + + + + + + + + bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474) + an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process + + The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity. + + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 + RO:0002299 + + + + results_in_maturation_of + results in maturation of + + + + + p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. - cjm + + RO:0002304 + causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect + @@ -3690,10 +4170,35 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. - cjm - holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y + + RO:0002305 + + + causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally upstream of, negative effect + + + + + + + + + + + + an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast. + The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity + + GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 + RO:0002315 + + + + results_in_acquisition_of_features_of + results in acquisition of features of @@ -3712,16 +4217,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity - Chris Mungall + c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. + catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. - This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. + RO:0002327 + enables enables + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables @@ -3730,13 +4238,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. - Chris Mungall + This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to + functionally related to @@ -3750,8 +4259,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. - Chris Mungall + false + RO:0002329 + part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part of structure that is capable of @@ -3780,11 +4291,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p - Chris Mungall + actively involved in enables part of + RO:0002331 + involved_in involved in - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in @@ -3795,9 +4308,12 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of enables - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002333 + enabled_by enabled by + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by @@ -3810,9 +4326,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of regulates - Chris Mungall + regulated by (processual) + RO:0002334 + regulated_by regulated by @@ -3823,8 +4341,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of negatively regulates - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002335 + negatively_regulated_by negatively regulated by @@ -3835,22 +4355,137 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of positively regulates - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002336 + positively_regulated_by positively regulated by + + + + + + A relationship that holds via some process of localization + + Do not use this relation directly. It is a grouping relation. + RO:0002337 + related_via_localization_to + related via localization to + + + + + + + + + + + + + This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. + + RO:0002338 + + + + has_target_start_location + has target start location + + + + + + + + + + + + + This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. + + RO:0002339 + + + + has_target_end_location + has target end location + + + + + + + + + Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l + + RO:0002341 + results_in_transport_along + results in transport along + + + + + + + + + + Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. + + RO:0002342 + + results_in_transport_across + results in transport across + + + + + + + + + + 'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube' + + RO:0002343 + results_in_growth_of + results in growth of + + + + + + + + + 'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739) + + RO:0002344 + results_in_transport_to_from_or_in + results in transport to from or in + + + + + An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. + is member of + member part of + SIO + RO:0002350 - uberon - member_of member_of member of @@ -3863,11 +4498,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. + SIO + RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member + has member @@ -3878,7 +4516,7 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of has input - Chris Mungall + RO:0002352 uberon input_of @@ -3886,6 +4524,7 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. input_of input of + input of @@ -3896,13 +4535,27 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of has output + RO:0002353 - protein uberon output_of - false + + output_of output of + output of + + + + + + + + + + RO:0002354 + formed_as_result_of + formed as result of @@ -3911,16 +4564,19 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a + + attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to + + attached_to attaches_to attached to - + attached to @@ -3930,13 +4586,24 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. + + Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) RO:0002372 uberon has_muscle_origin has_muscle_origin has muscle origin + has muscle origin + + + + + + We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint + @@ -3945,13 +4612,24 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. + + Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) RO:0002373 uberon has_muscle_insertion has_muscle_insertion has muscle insertion + has muscle insertion + + + + + + We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint + @@ -3960,8 +4638,17 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. + + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships + This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) + + RO:0002375 + in_branching_relationship_with in branching relationship with + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 @@ -3971,20 +4658,27 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River + inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein + x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. + + drains into + drains to + tributary channel of + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary + http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm + This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) RO:0002376 uberon - drains into tributary_of + tributary_of tributary of + tributary of + + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary - - - - drains into - dbpowl:drainsTo - @@ -3998,7 +4692,12 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location + + This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios + RO:0002379 + spatially_coextensive_with spatially coextensive with @@ -4016,14 +4715,18 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is a (direct) branching part of T. B1-1, B1-2, and B1-3 are also branching parts of T, but these are considered indirect branching parts as they do not directly connect to the main stem S x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y - we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve + RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of + branching_part_of branching part of - + branching part of + + FMA:85994 @@ -4035,7 +4738,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002384 + has_developmental_potential_involving has developmental potential involving @@ -4046,14 +4751,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y - Chris Mungall + RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to + has potential to developmentally contribute to @@ -4062,7 +4767,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. + x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y + + RO:0002386 + has_potential_to_developmentally_induce has potential to developmentally induce @@ -4073,14 +4782,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y - Chris Mungall + RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into + has potential to develop into @@ -4091,7 +4800,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002388 + has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has potential to directly develop into @@ -4105,7 +4816,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of upstream of - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002404 + causally_downstream_of causally downstream of @@ -4118,23 +4831,90 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002405 + immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately causally downstream of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. + + indirectly activates + + RO:0002407 + indirectly_positively_regulates + indirectly positively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. + + indirectly inhibits + + RO:0002409 + indirectly_negatively_regulates + indirectly negatively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates + + + + - - p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain - Chris Mungall + p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. + + RO:0002411 + causally_upstream_of causally upstream of @@ -4145,10 +4925,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - - p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. - Chris Mungall + p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. + + RO:0002412 + immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately causally upstream of @@ -4160,11 +4941,13 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. - p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. + p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 - Chris Mungall + influences (processual) + RO:0002418 affects + causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within @@ -4176,9 +4959,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. inverse of causally upstream of or within - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002427 + causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within @@ -4198,7 +4983,9 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002428 + involved_in_regulation_of involved in regulation of @@ -4217,8 +5004,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002429 + involved_in_positive_regulation_of involved in positive regulation of @@ -4237,8 +5026,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002430 + involved_in_negative_regulation_of involved in negative regulation of @@ -4252,8 +5043,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union - Chris Mungall + involved in or reguates + RO:0002431 + involved_in_or_involved_in_regulation_of involved in or involved in regulation of @@ -4270,11 +5063,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. - Chris Mungall + executes activity in + RO:0002432 enables activity in + is_active_in is active in + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Is_active_in @@ -4289,8 +5085,8 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. - GOC:cjm - GOC:dos + + @@ -4300,6 +5096,7 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. + RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of @@ -4318,13 +5115,15 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. - Chris Mungall + Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. + RO:0002434 in pairwise interaction with + interacts_with interacts with - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 - https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 @@ -4335,12 +5134,14 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. - Chris Mungall + binds molecularly binds with + RO:0002436 + molecularly_interacts_with molecularly interacts with - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 @@ -4350,8 +5151,10 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Axiomatization to GO to be added later - Chris Mungall + An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. + RO:0002447 + phosphorylates phosphorylates @@ -4372,9 +5175,11 @@ Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + + RO:0002448 molecularly controls + directly_regulates_activity_of directly regulates activity of @@ -4393,10 +5198,12 @@ A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly inhibits + RO:0002449 molecularly decreases activity of + directly_negatively_regulates_activity_of directly negatively regulates activity of @@ -4415,10 +5222,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regul The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + directly activates + RO:0002450 molecularly increases activity of + directly_positively_regulates_activity_of directly positively regulates activity of @@ -4430,12 +5239,15 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. - x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y + + + RO:0002473 uberon - RO:0002473 composed_primarily_of + composed_primarily_of composed primarily of @@ -4452,8 +5264,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002479 + has_part_that_occurs_in has part that occurs in @@ -4468,11 +5282,42 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + See notes for inverse relation + + RO:0002485 + receives_input_from + receives input from + + + + + + + + + This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in. + + RO:0002486 + sends_output_to + sends output to + + + + + + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. + RO:0002487 + relation_between_physical_entity_and_a_process_or_stage relation between physical entity and a process or stage @@ -4487,22 +5332,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). + RO:0002488 - begins_to_exist_during uberon - RO:0002488 existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during - - - - Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. - - @@ -4510,20 +5347,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). + RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with - - - - Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. - - @@ -4532,6 +5363,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) + + RO:0002490 + existence_overlaps + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps @@ -4543,10 +5378,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) + RO:0002491 + exists during uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence_starts_and_ends_during + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts and ends during @@ -4563,19 +5401,20 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). + RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon - RO:0002492 existence_ends_during existence_ends_during + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. - + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 @@ -4584,20 +5423,15 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). + RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with - - - - Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. - - @@ -4607,20 +5441,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships + RO:0002494 - transforms from uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of - - - - - transforms from - SIO:000657 - @@ -4630,27 +5457,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t + + RO:0002495 - direct_transformation_of - immediately transforms from uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of - - - - - direct_transformation_of - - - - - - immediately transforms from - SIO:000658 - @@ -4679,10 +5493,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). + RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after @@ -4713,10 +5529,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. + RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before + The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before @@ -4729,6 +5547,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process + RO:0002500 + causal_agent_in_process causal agent in process @@ -4739,10 +5559,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. - Chris Mungall + p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. + RO:0002501 + causal_relation_between_processes causal relation between processes @@ -4754,9 +5576,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch - Chris Mungall + Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. + RO:0002506 + causal_relation_between_entities causal relation between entities @@ -4769,23 +5593,26 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton' A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. - A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. + + has supporting framework + The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell). RO:0002551 uberon - has sekeletal support - has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton - - A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. - + + + This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional. @@ -4795,9 +5622,11 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Chris Mungall + causally influenced by (entity-centric) + RO:0002559 + causally_influenced_by causally influenced by @@ -4820,10 +5649,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). - Chris Mungall - Vasundra Touré + + causally influences (entity-centric) + RO:0002566 + causally_influences causally influences @@ -4833,7 +5664,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. + + Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. + RO:0002567 + biomechanically_related_to biomechanically related to @@ -4844,6 +5681,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. + + Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle) RO:0002568 uberon has_muscle_antagonist @@ -4860,24 +5699,50 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul inverse of branching part of + RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part + + has_branching_part has branching part + + + + + + + x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. + + UBERON:cjm + This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. + RO:0002570 + uberon + conduit_for + + conduit_for + conduit for + + + + x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. + + RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of + lumen_of lumen of @@ -4887,13 +5752,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity + RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of + luminal_space_of luminal space of @@ -4904,10 +5770,14 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + inverse of has skeleton + RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of + skeleton_of skeleton of @@ -4919,14 +5789,16 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. - Chris Mungall + p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + directly regulates (processual) + RO:0002578 + directly_regulates directly regulates @@ -4943,12 +5815,65 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002584 + has_part_structure_that_is_capable_of has part structure that is capable of + + + + + p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p + RO:0002586 + results_in_breakdown_of + results in breakdown of + + + + + + + + + + RO:0002588 + + + + results_in_assembly_of + results in assembly of + + + + + + + + + + RO:0002590 + results_in_disassembly_of + results in disassembly of + + + + + + + + + p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c + RO:0002592 + results_in_organization_of + results in organization of + + + + @@ -4956,8 +5881,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. - Chris Mungall + + RO:0002595 + causal_relation_between_material_entity_and_a_process causal relation between material entity and a process @@ -4974,6 +5901,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. + RO:0002596 + capable_of_regulating capable of regulating @@ -4989,6 +5918,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. + RO:0002597 + capable_of_negatively_regulating capable of negatively regulating @@ -5005,6 +5936,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. + RO:0002598 + capable_of_positively_regulating capable of positively regulating @@ -5015,6 +5948,8 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Inverse of 'causal agent in process' + RO:0002608 + process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent @@ -5025,14 +5960,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. + p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) + RO:0002629 + directly_positively_regulates directly positively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates @@ -5042,14 +5980,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. + p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) + RO:0002630 + directly_negatively_regulates directly negatively regulates + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates @@ -5066,12 +6007,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. + RO:0003000 uberon produces + produces + Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces + produces @@ -5081,16 +6027,87 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. + RO:0003001 uberon produced_by + produced_by produced by + produced by + + + + + + + + + p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. + + 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z + RO:0004007 + + has_primary_input_or_output + has primary input or output + + + + + + p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. + + 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z + RO:0004008 + + has_primary_output + has primary output + + + + + p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. + + GOC:dph + GOC:kva + GOC:pt + PMID:27812932 + + + + + + + + + + p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. + + 2018-12-13T11:26:56Z + RO:0004009 + + has_primary_input + has primary input + + + + + p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. + + GOC:dph + GOC:kva + GOC:pt + PMID:27812932 + + + + @@ -5100,8 +6117,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. - cjm + 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z + RO:0004031 + enables_subfunction enables subfunction @@ -5116,11 +6135,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z + RO:0004032 + acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect acts upstream of or within, positive effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect @@ -5134,10 +6155,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z + RO:0004033 + acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect @@ -5153,11 +6177,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z + RO:0004034 + acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect acts upstream of, positive effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect @@ -5173,11 +6199,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative - cjm + 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z + RO:0004035 + acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect acts upstream of, negative effect - + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect @@ -5187,9 +6215,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z + RO:0004046 + causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect + https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect @@ -5199,9 +6230,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - cjm + 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z + RO:0004047 + causally_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect + @@ -5213,12 +6247,134 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. - Vasundra Touré + + RO:0011002 + regulates_activity_of regulates activity of + + + + + p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c + + 2020-06-08T17:21:33Z + RO:0012003 + + + + acts_on_population_of + acts on population of + + + + + + + + + + 2021-02-26T07:28:29Z + RO:0012008 + + + + results_in_fusion_of + results in fusion of + + + + + + + + + p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. + + 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z + RO:0012011 + indirectly_causally_upstream_of + indirectly causally upstream of + + + + + + + + + + p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. + + 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z + RO:0012012 + indirectly_regulates + indirectly regulates + + + + + + + + + + q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. + RO:0015006 + different_in_magnitude_relative_to + different in magnitude relative to + + + + + q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. + RO:0015007 + increased_in_magnitude_relative_to + This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. + increased in magnitude relative to + + + + + q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. + RO:0015011 + has_cross_section + Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. + has cross section + + + + + s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + @@ -5229,6 +6385,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. + + RO:0019000 + regulates_characteristic regulates characteristic @@ -5243,6 +6402,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. + + RO:0019001 + positively_regulates_characteristic positively regulates characteristic @@ -5261,22 +6423,82 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. + + RO:0019002 + negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively regulates characteristic - + - - protein - has_gene_template - false - has_gene_template + + + p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity + + 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z + RO:0040036 + results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure + results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -5291,7 +6513,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. - + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern @@ -5331,17 +6553,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. - uberon - conduit_for - conduit for - - - - @@ -5356,7 +6567,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. - + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern @@ -5366,10 +6577,17 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into + + + + X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 + @@ -5431,7 +6649,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. - + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern @@ -5459,7 +6677,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. - + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern @@ -5487,17 +6705,6 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. - uberon - synapsed_by - synapsed by - - - - - - - - fiat object part - - + - - - - - - bfo - BFO:0000030 - object - object + + + + + + + + + gdc + GenericallyDependentContinuant + The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. + the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop + the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. + b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) + (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] + A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. + + generically dependent continuant + + + + b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) + + + + + + (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] + + @@ -6009,12 +7349,76 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + + + material + MaterialEntity + a flame + a forest fire + a human being + a hurricane + a photon + a puff of smoke + a sea wave + a tornado + an aggregate of human beings. + an energy wave + an epidemic + the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. - bfo - BFO:0000040 - material entity + BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 + BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. + BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. + A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) + Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) + every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) + (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] + (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] + (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] + material entity + + + + A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) + + + + + + Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) + + + + + + every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) + + + + + + (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] + + + + + + (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] + + + + + + (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] + + @@ -6022,6 +7426,12 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + + + + + + immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 @@ -6031,19 +7441,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - - biological entity - - - - - Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 @@ -6069,7 +7469,7 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul PMID:21614077 - Europe PMC + Europe PMC @@ -6145,37929 +7545,54277 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul + A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. + chebi_ontology + dicarboxylic acids and derivatives + CHEBI:131927 + dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives + + + + dicarboxylic acids and derivatives + ChEBI + - - - - - 24G7 epitope - - - - - - - - - - polypeptide - - - - - - - - - - hyaluronic acid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - protein polypeptide chain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - peptide - - - - - - - - - glycan - - - - - + - - - + + + - - + + - bilirubin IXalpha - - - - - - - - - - glycoprotein - - - - - - - - - lipid - - - - - - - - - glycosaminoglycan - - - - - - - - - acyl group - - - - - - - - - - - alkali metal atom - - - - - - - - - - aminoglycan - - - - - - - - - anion - - - - - - - - - - bile salt - - - - - - - - - carbamoyl group - - - - - - - - - carbonyl group - - - - - - - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. + A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. + -1 + (C14H20NO11)n.H2O chebi_ontology - CHEBI:23367 - molecular entity + hyaluronan + hyaluronate polyanion + CHEBI:132153 + + hyaluronate - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. - fake:2 + + + hyaluronan + UniProt + + + + + hyaluronate polyanion + ChEBI - - - - - - monoatomic cation - - - - - + - - - A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. - chemical entity + + + Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. chebi_ontology - CHEBI:24431 + 5beta steroids + 5beta-steroid + 5beta-steroids + CHEBI:136889 - chemical entity + 5beta steroid - - - chemical entity - UniProt + + + 5beta steroids + ChEBI + + + + + 5beta-steroid + ChEBI + + + + + 5beta-steroids + ChEBI - + - - - A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. + + + A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. + Wikipedia:Mineral_acid chebi_ontology - biological function - CHEBI:24432 + inorganic acids + mineral acid + mineral acids + CHEBI:138103 - biological role + inorganic acid - + - biological function + inorganic acids + ChEBI + + + + + mineral acid + ChEBI + + + + + mineral acids ChEBI - - - - - - - - - - - group - - - - - - - - - - - organic heterocyclic compound - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hydroxides - - - - - + - - - oxoacid + + + + + Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:138366 + + bile acids - + - - - inorganic molecular entity + + + Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). + Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas + chebi_ontology + gas molecular entities + gaseous molecular entities + gaseous molecular entity + CHEBI:138675 + + gas molecular entity + + + + gas molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + gaseous molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + gaseous molecular entity + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - salt - - - - - - - - - - monoatomic ion - - - - - - - - - organic salt - - - - - - - - - ion - - - - - - - - - linear tetrapyrrole - - - - - - - - - - metal cation - - - - - - - - - molecule - - - - - - - - - monoatomic monocation - - - - - - - - - - nitrogen atom - - - - - - - - - nonmetal + -1 + CH2NO2 + InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 + KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 60.03212 + 60.00910 + NC([O-])=O + Beilstein:3903503 + CAS:302-11-4 + Gmelin:239604 + carbamate chebi_ontology - Nichtmetall - Nichtmetalle - no metal - no metales - non-metal - non-metaux - nonmetal - nonmetals - CHEBI:25585 + Carbamat + Karbamat + carbamate ion + carbamic acid, ion(1-) + CHEBI:13941 - nonmetal atom + carbamate - - - nonmetal - IUPAC - + + + Beilstein:3903503 + Beilstein - - - Nichtmetall - ChEBI + + + CAS:302-11-4 + ChemIDplus - - - Nichtmetalle - ChEBI + + + Gmelin:239604 + Gmelin - - - no metal - ChEBI + + + carbamate + IUPAC + - - - no metales - ChEBI + + + carbamate + UniProt - + - non-metal + Carbamat ChEBI - + - non-metaux + Karbamat ChEBI - + - nonmetal - ChEBI + carbamate ion + ChemIDplus - + - nonmetals - ChEBI + carbamic acid, ion(1-) + ChemIDplus - - - - - organic sulfate - - - - - + - - - + + + - + + An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. 0 - O - InChI=1S/O - QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 15.99940 - 15.99491 - [O] - KEGG:C00007 - WebElements:O - oxygen + C7H6N2O + 134.136 + 134.04801 + C(=CC(NC(=*)*)=*)(NC(C(C)=*)=O)* chebi_ontology - 8O - O - Sauerstoff - oxigeno - oxygen - oxygene - CHEBI:25805 + CHEBI:142163 - oxygen atom + 24G7 epitope + + + + + + + + + A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. + CHEBI:13699 + CHEBI:2377 + KEGG:C00028 + KEGG:C16722 + Acceptor + chebi_ontology + A + Akzeptor + Hydrogen-acceptor + Oxidized donor + accepteur + CHEBI:15339 + + acceptor - + - oxygen - IUPAC - - - - - - 8O - IUPAC + Acceptor + KEGG_COMPOUND - + - O - IUPAC + A + KEGG_COMPOUND - + - Sauerstoff + Akzeptor ChEBI - + - oxigeno - ChEBI + Hydrogen-acceptor + KEGG_COMPOUND - + - oxygen - ChEBI + Oxidized donor + KEGG_COMPOUND - + - oxygene + accepteur ChEBI - + - - + + + + - - + + - oxygen molecular entity - - - - - - - - - sodium atom - - - - - - - - - - + + - sodium molecular entity - - - - - - - - - - - + + - sodium salt - - - - - - - - - - sulfuric ester - - - - - - - - - sulfates - - - - - - - - - - sulfur atom - - - - - - - - - - + + - sulfur molecular entity - - - - - - - - - - tetrapyrrole - - - - - - - - - univalent carboacyl group - - - - - - - - - - carbon atom - - - - - - - - - - - - sodium(1+) - - - - - - - - - amide - - - - - - - - - A particle not known to have substructure. - elementary particle - chebi_ontology - elementary particles - CHEBI:33233 - - fundamental particle - - - - - elementary particle - IUPAC - - - - - - elementary particles - ChEBI - - - - - - - - - monoatomic entity - - - - - - - - - oxoacid derivative - - - - - - - - - inorganic group - - - - - - - - - - Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33247 - organic group - - - - - - - - - organyl group - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. - CHEBI:22671 - CHEBI:23907 - atom + + + + + Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. + +1 + C7H16NO2 + InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 + OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 146.20748 + 146.11756 + CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C + CHEBI:12686 + CHEBI:13715 + CHEBI:22197 + CHEBI:2416 + CHEBI:40559 + Beilstein:1764436 + CAS:51-84-3 + DrugBank:DB03128 + Drug_Central:65 + Gmelin:326108 + KEGG:C01996 + LINCS:LSM-5888 + PDBeChem:ACH + PMID:14764638 + PMID:15014918 + PMID:15231705 + PMID:15361288 + PMID:18050502 + PMID:18407448 + PMID:19255787 + PMID:20963497 + PMID:21130809 + PMID:21246223 + PMID:21545631 + PMID:21601579 + Wikipedia:Acetylcholine + 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium + ACETYLCHOLINE + Acetylcholine + acetylcholine chebi_ontology - atome - atomo - atoms - atomus - element - elements - CHEBI:33250 + ACh + Azetylcholin + O-Acetylcholine + choline acetate + CHEBI:15355 - atom + acetylcholine - + + + Beilstein:1764436 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:51-84-3 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:51-84-3 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Drug_Central:65 + DrugCentral + + + + + Gmelin:326108 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:14764638 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15014918 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15231705 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15361288 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18050502 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18407448 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19255787 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:20963497 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21130809 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21246223 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21545631 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21601579 + Europe PMC + + + - atom + 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC - - - atome - IUPAC + + + ACETYLCHOLINE + PDBeChem - - - atomo - IUPAC + + + Acetylcholine + KEGG_COMPOUND - + + + acetylcholine + UniProt + + + - atoms - ChEBI + ACh + ChemIDplus - + - atomus + Azetylcholin ChEBI - + - element - ChEBI + O-Acetylcholine + KEGG_COMPOUND - + - elements - ChEBI + choline acetate + ChemIDplus - + - - + + - - + + - A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. - nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. + 0 + C2H4O2 + InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) + QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 60.05200 + 60.02113 + CC(O)=O + CHEBI:22169 + CHEBI:2387 + CHEBI:40486 + Beilstein:506007 + CAS:64-19-7 + Drug_Central:4211 + Gmelin:1380 + HMDB:HMDB0000042 + KEGG:C00033 + KEGG:D00010 + KNApSAcK:C00001176 + LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 + MetaCyc:ACET + PDBeChem:ACT + PDBeChem:ACY + PMID:12005138 + PMID:15107950 + PMID:16630552 + PMID:16774200 + PMID:17190852 + PMID:19416101 + PMID:19469536 + PMID:22153255 + PMID:22173419 + PPDB:1333 + Reaxys:506007 + Wikipedia:Acetic_acid + ACETIC ACID + Acetic acid + acetic acid chebi_ontology - Atomkern - Kern - noyau - noyau atomique - nuclei - nucleo - nucleo atomico - nucleus atomi - CHEBI:33252 + AcOH + CH3-COOH + CH3CO2H + E 260 + E-260 + E260 + Essigsaeure + Ethanoic acid + Ethylic acid + HOAc + INS No. 260 + MeCO2H + MeCOOH + Methanecarboxylic acid + acide acetique + ethoic acid + CHEBI:15366 - atomic nucleus + acetic acid - + + + Beilstein:506007 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:64-19-7 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:64-19-7 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:64-19-7 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Drug_Central:4211 + DrugCentral + + + + + Gmelin:1380 + Gmelin + + + + + LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 + LIPID MAPS + + + + + PMID:12005138 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15107950 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16630552 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16774200 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17190852 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19416101 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19469536 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22153255 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22173419 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:506007 + Reaxys + + + - nucleus + ACETIC ACID + PDBeChem + + + + + Acetic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + acetic acid IUPAC - + - Atomkern + AcOH ChEBI - + - Kern - ChEBI + CH3-COOH + IUPAC - + - noyau - IUPAC + CH3CO2H + ChEBI - + - noyau atomique + E 260 ChEBI - + - nuclei + E-260 ChEBI - + - nucleo - IUPAC + E260 + ChEBI - + - nucleo atomico + Essigsaeure ChEBI - + - nucleus atomi - ChEBI + Ethanoic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - - - - - - - Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. - nucleon - chebi_ontology - Nukleon - Nukleonen - nucleons - CHEBI:33253 - - nucleon - - - - nucleon - IUPAC + + + Ethylic acid + ChemIDplus - - - nucleon - IUPAC - + + + HOAc + ChEBI - + - Nukleon + INS No. 260 ChEBI - + - Nukleonen + MeCO2H ChEBI - + - nucleons + MeCOOH + ChEBI + + + + + Methanecarboxylic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + acide acetique + ChemIDplus + + + + + ethoic acid ChEBI - - - - - primary amide - - - - - - - - - elemental molecular entity - - - - - + - - - A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + O2 + InChI=1S/O2/c1-2 + MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 31.998 + 31.98983 + O=O + CHEBI:10745 + CHEBI:13416 + CHEBI:23833 + CHEBI:25366 + CHEBI:30491 + CHEBI:44742 + CHEBI:7860 + CAS:7782-44-7 + Gmelin:485 + HMDB:HMDB0001377 + KEGG:C00007 + KEGG:D00003 + MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE + MolBase:750 + PDBeChem:OXY + PMID:10906528 + PMID:16977326 + PMID:18210929 + PMID:18638417 + PMID:19840863 + PMID:7710549 + PMID:9463773 + Wikipedia:Oxygen + dioxygen chebi_ontology - nutrients - CHEBI:33284 + Disauerstoff + E 948 + E-948 + E948 + O2 + OXYGEN MOLECULE + Oxygen + [OO] + dioxygene + molecular oxygen + CHEBI:15379 - nutrient + dioxygen - + + + CAS:7782-44-7 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7782-44-7 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:7782-44-7 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:485 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:10906528 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16977326 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18210929 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18638417 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19840863 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:7710549 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:9463773 + Europe PMC + + + + + dioxygen + IUPAC + + + + - nutrients + Disauerstoff + ChEBI + + + + + E 948 + ChEBI + + + + + E-948 + ChEBI + + + + + E948 + ChEBI + + + + + O2 + IUPAC + + + + + O2 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + O2 + UniProt + + + + + OXYGEN MOLECULE + PDBeChem + + + + + Oxygen + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + [OO] + MolBase + + + + + dioxygene + ChEBI + + + + + molecular oxygen ChEBI - + - - - heteroorganic entity + + + Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. + 0 + C2H4O2(CH2O)n + CHEBI:13755 + CHEBI:22305 + CHEBI:2561 + KEGG:C01370 + Wikipedia:Aldose + Aldose + chebi_ontology + aldoses + an aldose + CHEBI:15693 + + aldose + + + + Aldose + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + aldoses + ChEBI + + + + + an aldose + UniProt + - + - - - - - - - - - alkali metal molecular entity + + + + A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. + C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n + CHEBI:14860 + CHEBI:8314 + KEGG:C00403 + Polypeptide + polypeptides + chebi_ontology + Polypeptid + polipeptido + CHEBI:15841 + + polypeptide + + + + Polypeptide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + polypeptides + IUPAC + + + + + + Polypeptid + ChEBI + + + + + polipeptido + ChEBI + - + - - - pnictogen + + + + + + + + + + A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. + 0 + (C5H8O6PR)n.C10H17O10PR2 + CHEBI:13672 + CHEBI:14859 + CHEBI:8312 + KEGG:C00419 + Polynucleotide + chebi_ontology + polynucleotides + CHEBI:15986 + + polynucleotide + + + + Polynucleotide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + polynucleotides + ChEBI + - + - - + + + + + - - + + - pnictogen molecular entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. + 0 + H3N + InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 + QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 17.03056 + 17.02655 + [H]N([H])[H] + CHEBI:13405 + CHEBI:13406 + CHEBI:13407 + CHEBI:13771 + CHEBI:22533 + CHEBI:44269 + CHEBI:44284 + CHEBI:44404 + CHEBI:7434 + Beilstein:3587154 + CAS:7664-41-7 + Drug_Central:4625 + Gmelin:79 + HMDB:HMDB0000051 + KEGG:C00014 + KEGG:D02916 + KNApSAcK:C00007267 + MetaCyc:AMMONIA + MolBase:930 + PDBeChem:NH3 + PMID:110589 + PMID:11139349 + PMID:11540049 + PMID:11746427 + PMID:11783653 + PMID:13753780 + PMID:14663195 + PMID:15092448 + PMID:15094021 + PMID:15554424 + PMID:15969015 + PMID:16008360 + PMID:16050680 + PMID:16348008 + PMID:16349403 + PMID:16614889 + PMID:16664306 + PMID:16842901 + PMID:17025297 + PMID:17439666 + PMID:17569513 + PMID:17737668 + PMID:18670398 + PMID:22002069 + PMID:22081570 + PMID:22088435 + PMID:22100291 + PMID:22130175 + PMID:22150211 + PMID:22240068 + PMID:22290316 + PMID:22342082 + PMID:22385337 + PMID:22443779 + PMID:22560242 + Reaxys:3587154 + Wikipedia:Ammonia + AMMONIA + Ammonia + ammonia + azane + chebi_ontology + Ammoniak + NH3 + R-717 + [NH3] + ammoniac + amoniaco + spirit of hartshorn + CHEBI:16134 + + ammonia + + + + Beilstein:3587154 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:7664-41-7 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7664-41-7 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:7664-41-7 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Drug_Central:4625 + DrugCentral + + + + + Gmelin:79 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:110589 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11139349 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11540049 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11746427 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11783653 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:13753780 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:14663195 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15092448 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15094021 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15554424 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15969015 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16008360 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16050680 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16348008 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16349403 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16614889 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16664306 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16842901 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17025297 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17439666 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17569513 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17737668 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18670398 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22002069 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22081570 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22088435 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22100291 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22130175 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22150211 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22240068 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22290316 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22342082 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22385337 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22443779 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22560242 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:3587154 + Reaxys + + + + + AMMONIA + PDBeChem + + + + + Ammonia + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + ammonia + IUPAC + + + + + + azane + IUPAC + + + + + + Ammoniak + ChemIDplus + + + + + NH3 + IUPAC + + + + + NH3 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + NH3 + UniProt + + + + + R-717 + ChEBI + + + + + [NH3] + MolBase + + + + + ammoniac + ChEBI + + + + + amoniaco + ChEBI + + + + + spirit of hartshorn + ChemIDplus + - + - - - Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. - PMID:17084588 - chalcogen - chalcogens + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. + -2 + O4S + InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-2 + QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L + 96.06360 + 95.95283 + [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O + CHEBI:15135 + CHEBI:45687 + CHEBI:9335 + Beilstein:3648446 + CAS:14808-79-8 + Gmelin:2120 + HMDB:HMDB0001448 + KEGG:C00059 + KEGG:D05963 + MetaCyc:SULFATE + PDBeChem:SO4 + PMID:11200094 + PMID:11452993 + PMID:11581495 + PMID:11798107 + PMID:12166931 + PMID:12668033 + PMID:14597181 + PMID:15093386 + PMID:15984785 + PMID:16186560 + PMID:16345535 + PMID:16347366 + PMID:16348007 + PMID:16483812 + PMID:16534979 + PMID:16656509 + PMID:16742508 + PMID:16742518 + PMID:17120760 + PMID:17420092 + PMID:17439666 + PMID:17709180 + PMID:18398178 + PMID:18815700 + PMID:18846414 + PMID:19047345 + PMID:19244483 + PMID:19544990 + PMID:19628332 + PMID:19812358 + PMID:30398859 + Reaxys:3648446 + Wikipedia:Sulfate + Sulfate + sulfate + tetraoxidosulfate(2-) + tetraoxosulfate(2-) + tetraoxosulfate(VI) chebi_ontology - Chalkogen - Chalkogene - anfigeno - anfigenos - calcogeno - calcogenos - chalcogene - chalcogenes - group 16 elements - group VI elements - CHEBI:33303 + SO4(2-) + SULFATE ION + Sulfate anion(2-) + Sulfate dianion + Sulfate(2-) + Sulfuric acid ion(2-) + [SO4](2-) + sulphate + sulphate ion + CHEBI:16189 - chalcogen + sulfate - + - PMID:17084588 - Europe PMC + Beilstein:3648446 + Beilstein - + + + CAS:14808-79-8 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:14808-79-8 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:2120 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:11200094 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11452993 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11581495 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11798107 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:12166931 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:12668033 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:14597181 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15093386 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15984785 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16186560 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16345535 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16347366 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16348007 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16483812 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16534979 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16656509 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16742508 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16742518 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17120760 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17420092 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17439666 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17709180 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18398178 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18815700 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18846414 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19047345 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19244483 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19544990 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19628332 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19812358 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:30398859 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:3648446 + Reaxys + + + - chalcogen + Sulfate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + sulfate IUPAC - + - chalcogens + sulfate + UniProt + + + + + tetraoxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC - + + + tetraoxosulfate(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + + tetraoxosulfate(VI) + IUPAC + + + + - Chalkogen - ChEBI + SO4(2-) + IUPAC - + - Chalkogene - ChEBI + SULFATE ION + PDBeChem - + - anfigeno - ChEBI + Sulfate anion(2-) + HMDB - + - anfigenos + Sulfate dianion + HMDB + + + + + Sulfate(2-) + HMDB + + + + + Sulfuric acid ion(2-) + HMDB + + + + + [SO4](2-) + IUPAC + + + + + sulphate ChEBI - + - calcogeno + sulphate ion ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. + 0 + (C14H21NO12)n + CHEBI:14412 + CHEBI:24622 + CHEBI:24623 + CHEBI:5772 + Beilstein:8538277 + CAS:9004-61-9 + HMDB:HMDB0010366 + KEGG:C00518 + KEGG:D08043 + KEGG:G10505 + PMID:11122186 + PMID:18056362 + PMID:18290544 + Reaxys:8187837 + Wikipedia:Hyaluronan + Hyaluronic acid + chebi_ontology + Hyaluronsaeure + [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n + [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n + acide hyaluronique + acido hialuronico + hyaluronan + CHEBI:16336 + + hyaluronic acid + + + + + Beilstein:8538277 + Beilstein + - + + + CAS:9004-61-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:9004-61-9 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + PMID:11122186 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18056362 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18290544 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:8187837 + Reaxys + + + + + Hyaluronic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + - calcogenos + Hyaluronsaeure ChEBI - + - chalcogene + [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n ChEBI - + - chalcogenes + [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + acide hyaluronique ChEBI - + - group 16 elements + acido hialuronico ChEBI - + - group VI elements + hyaluronan ChEBI - + - - + + - + - chalcogen molecular entity - - - - - - - - - carbon group element atom + A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. + CHEBI:8526 + KEGG:C00017 + chebi_ontology + Protein + a protein + polypeptide chain + protein polypeptide chains + CHEBI:16541 + + protein polypeptide chain + + + + Protein + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + a protein + UniProt + + + + + polypeptide chain + ChEBI + + + + + protein polypeptide chains + ChEBI + - + - - - An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. - main group elements + + + Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. + CHEBI:15131 + CHEBI:23008 + CHEBI:9318 + Wikipedia:Carbohydrate + carbohydrate + carbohydrates chebi_ontology - Hauptgruppenelement - Hauptgruppenelemente - main group element - CHEBI:33318 + Kohlenhydrat + Kohlenhydrate + a carbohydrate + carbohidrato + carbohidratos + glucide + glucides + glucido + glucidos + hydrates de carbone + saccharide + saccharides + saccharidum + CHEBI:16646 - main group element atom + carbohydrate - + - main group elements + carbohydrate IUPAC - + + + carbohydrates + IUPAC + + + + - Hauptgruppenelement + Kohlenhydrat ChEBI - + - Hauptgruppenelemente + Kohlenhydrate ChEBI - + - main group element + a carbohydrate + UniProt + + + + + carbohidrato + IUPAC + + + + + carbohidratos + IUPAC + + + + + glucide ChEBI - - - - - - - - - sulfur oxoacid derivative - - - - - - - - - alkali metal cation - - - - - - - - - metal atom - - - - - - - - - s-block element atom - - - - - - - - - Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. - chebi_ontology - p-block element - p-block elements - CHEBI:33560 - - p-block element atom - - + - p-block element + glucides ChEBI - + - p-block elements + glucido + ChEBI + + + + + glucidos + ChEBI + + + + + hydrates de carbone + ChEBI + + + + + saccharide + IUPAC + + + + + saccharides + IUPAC + + + + + saccharidum ChEBI - + - - - - + + + - + - carboxylic acid - - - - - - - - - - + + - main group molecular entity + Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. + 0 + (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR + CHEBI:14753 + CHEBI:25906 + CHEBI:7990 + KEGG:C00012 + Peptide + peptides + chebi_ontology + Peptid + peptido + peptidos + CHEBI:16670 + + peptide + + + + Peptide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + peptides + IUPAC + + + + + + Peptid + ChEBI + + + + + peptido + ChEBI + + + + + peptidos + ChEBI + - + - - + + + - - + + - carbon group molecular entity + +1 + C8H12NO3 + InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/p+1 + SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 170.187 + 170.08117 + C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C(C[NH3+])O + chebi_ontology + noradrenaline + CHEBI:166902 + + noradrenaline(1+) + + + + noradrenaline + UniProt + - + - - - cyclic compound + + + Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. + chebi_ontology + glycans + CHEBI:167559 + + glycan + + + + glycans + ChEBI + - + - - + + + + + - - + + - hydrogen molecular entity - - - - - - - - - polycyclic compound - - - - - - - - - aromatic compound - - - - - - - - - - organic aromatic compound - - - - - - - - - - + + - s-block molecular entity - - - - - - - - - - + + - p-block molecular entity - - - - - - - - - - biomacromolecule - - - - - - - - - information biomacromolecule - - - - - - - - - proteinogenic amino-acid residue - - - - - - - - - When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. - amino acid residue - protein residue + + + + + + + An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. + 0 + C10H12N2 + InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2 + APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 160.21570 + 160.10005 + NCCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 + CHEBI:15274 + CHEBI:27161 + CHEBI:46157 + CHEBI:9767 + Beilstein:125513 + CAS:61-54-1 + DrugBank:DB08653 + Gmelin:603448 + HMDB:HMDB0000303 + KEGG:C00398 + KNApSAcK:C00001434 + MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE + PDBeChem:TSS + PMID:16126914 + PMID:22770225 + PMID:24345948 + PMID:24558969 + Reaxys:125513 + Wikipedia:Tryptamine + 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine + Tryptamine chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33708 - amino-acid residue + 1H-indole-3-ethanamine + 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE + 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine + 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole + CHEBI:16765 + + tryptamine - - - When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. - Dummy:dummy + + + Beilstein:125513 + Beilstein - - - protein residue - PRO:DAN + + + CAS:61-54-1 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:61-54-1 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:61-54-1 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:603448 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:16126914 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22770225 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:24345948 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:24558969 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:125513 + Reaxys + + + + + 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine + IUPAC + + + + + + Tryptamine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + 1H-indole-3-ethanamine + NIST_Chemistry_WebBook + + + + + 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE + PDBeChem + + + + + 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine + ChemIDplus + + + + + 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - - - alpha-amino-acid residue - - - - - - - - - - organic cyclic compound - - - - - + - - - - heteroarene + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. + 0 + C33H36N4O6 + InChI=1S/C33H36N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h7-8,13-14,34-35H,1-2,9-12,15H2,3-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b26-13-,27-14- + BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-N + 584.673 + 584.26348 + CC1=C(C=C)\C(NC1=O)=C\C1=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(CC2=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C)=C(N2)\C=C2/NC(=O)C(C=C)=C2C)N1 + CHEBI:13898 + CHEBI:22870 + CHEBI:3099 + Beilstein:74376 + CAS:635-65-4 + Gmelin:411033 + HMDB:HMDB0000054 + KEGG:C00486 + KNApSAcK:C00029828 + MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN + PDBeChem:BLR + PMID:12799017 + PMID:18442622 + PMID:23763371 + PMID:23768684 + PMID:30224965 + PMID:8605219 + PMID:9587403 + Reaxys:74376 + Wikipedia:Bilirubin + 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + bilirubin + chebi_ontology + 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid + 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione + Bilirubin + bilirubin(Z,Z) + bilirubin-IXalpha + CHEBI:16990 + + bilirubin IXalpha + + + + Beilstein:74376 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:635-65-4 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:635-65-4 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:411033 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:12799017 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18442622 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:23763371 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:23768684 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:30224965 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:8605219 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:9587403 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:74376 + Reaxys + + + + + 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + IUPAC + + + + + + bilirubin + IUPAC + + + + + + 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid + IUPAC + + + + + 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione + JCBN + + + + + Bilirubin + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + bilirubin(Z,Z) + ChEBI + + + + + bilirubin-IXalpha + ChEBI + - + - - - - conjugated protein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms. + CHEBI:13302 + CHEBI:21123 + CHEBI:33698 + CHEBI:4291 + CAS:9007-49-2 + KEGG:C00039 + Deoxyribonucleic acid + deoxyribonucleic acids + chebi_ontology + (Deoxyribonucleotide)m + (Deoxyribonucleotide)n + (Deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + DNA + DNAn + DNAn+1 + DNS + Desoxyribonukleinsaeure + deoxyribonucleic acids + desoxyribose nucleic acid + thymus nucleic acid + CHEBI:16991 + + deoxyribonucleic acid + + + + CAS:9007-49-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:9007-49-2 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Deoxyribonucleic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + deoxyribonucleic acids + IUPAC + + + + + + (Deoxyribonucleotide)m + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + (Deoxyribonucleotide)n + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + (Deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + DNA + IUPAC + + + + + DNA + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + DNA + UniProt + + + + + DNAn + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + DNAn+1 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + DNS + ChEBI + + + + + Desoxyribonukleinsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + deoxyribonucleic acids + ChEBI + + + + + desoxyribose nucleic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + thymus nucleic acid + ChEBI + - + - - - macromolecule + + + A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). + 0 + COR2 + 28.010 + 27.99491 + [*]C([*])=O + CHEBI:13427 + CHEBI:13646 + CHEBI:24974 + CHEBI:6127 + CHEBI:8742 + KEGG:C01450 + Wikipedia:Ketone + Ketone + ketones + chebi_ontology + Keton + R-CO-R' + a ketone + cetone + ketones + CHEBI:17087 + + ketone + + + + Ketone + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + ketones + IUPAC + + + + + + Keton + ChEBI + + + + + R-CO-R' + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + a ketone + UniProt + + + + + cetone + ChEBI + + + + + ketones + ChEBI + - + - - + + + + A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. + CHEBI:14349 + CHEBI:5481 + CHEBI:5493 + KEGG:C00326 + Glycoprotein + glycoproteins chebi_ontology - CHEBI:33937 - - macronutrient + Glykoprotein + Glykoproteine + a glycoprotein + glicoproteina + glicoproteinas + glycoproteine + glycoproteines + CHEBI:17089 + + glycoprotein + + + + Glycoprotein + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + glycoproteins + IUPAC + + + + + + Glykoprotein + ChEBI + + + + + Glykoproteine + ChEBI + + + + + a glycoprotein + UniProt + + + + + glicoproteina + ChEBI + + + + + glicoproteinas + ChEBI + + + + + glycoproteine + ChEBI + + + + + glycoproteines + ChEBI + - + - - - - steroid + + + + + + + + + + An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. + 0 + C6H12O6 + 180.15588 + 180.06339 + CHEBI:14313 + CHEBI:24277 + CHEBI:33929 + CHEBI:5418 + CAS:50-99-7 + KEGG:C00293 + Wikipedia:Glucose + Glucose + gluco-hexose + glucose + chebi_ontology + DL-glucose + Glc + Glukose + CHEBI:17234 + + glucose + + + + CAS:50-99-7 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Glucose + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + gluco-hexose + IUPAC + + + + + + glucose + IUPAC + + + + + + DL-glucose + ChEBI + + + + + Glc + JCBN + + + + + Glukose + ChEBI + - + - - - - organonitrogen compound + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. + -1 + CHO3 + InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-1 + BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 61.01684 + 60.99312 + OC([O-])=O + CHEBI:13363 + CHEBI:22863 + CHEBI:40961 + CHEBI:5589 + Beilstein:3903504 + CAS:71-52-3 + Gmelin:49249 + HMDB:HMDB0000595 + KEGG:C00288 + MetaCyc:HCO3 + PDBeChem:BCT + PMID:17215880 + PMID:17505962 + PMID:18439416 + PMID:28732801 + PMID:29150416 + PMID:29460248 + PMID:29466234 + PMID:4208463 + Wikipedia:Bicarbonate + Hydrogencarbonate + hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) + hydrogencarbonate + hydrogencarbonate(1-) + hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) + hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) + hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) + chebi_ontology + Acid carbonate + BICARBONATE ION + Bicarbonate + HCO3(-) + HCO3- + [CO2(OH)](-) + hydrogen carbonate + CHEBI:17544 + + hydrogencarbonate + + + + Beilstein:3903504 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:71-52-3 + ChemIDplus + + + + + Gmelin:49249 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:17215880 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17505962 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18439416 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:28732801 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:29150416 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:29460248 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:29466234 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:4208463 + Europe PMC + + + + + Hydrogencarbonate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogencarbonate + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogencarbonate + UniProt + + + + + hydrogencarbonate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + Acid carbonate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + BICARBONATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + Bicarbonate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + HCO3(-) + IUPAC + + + + + HCO3- + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + [CO2(OH)](-) + IUPAC + + + + + hydrogen carbonate + PDBeChem + - + - - - - alkali metal salt + + + A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. + CHEBI:14202 + CHEBI:4697 + KEGG:C01351 + Donor + chebi_ontology + Donator + donneur + CHEBI:17891 + + donor + + + + Donor + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Donator + ChEBI + + + + + donneur + ChEBI + - + - - - - carbon oxoacid + + + 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. + CHEBI:14517 + CHEBI:25054 + CHEBI:6486 + KEGG:C01356 + Lipid + lipids + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:18059 + + lipid + + + + Lipid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + lipids + IUPAC + + - + - - - - dicarboxylic acid + + + Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. + CHEBI:14361 + CHEBI:24398 + CHEBI:5495 + KEGG:C02545 + Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan + Glycosaminoglycan + glycosaminoglycan + chebi_ontology + Glykosaminoglykan + glicosaminoglicano + glycosaminoglycane + glycosaminoglycans + CHEBI:18085 + + glycosaminoglycan + + + + Glycosaminoglycan + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + glycosaminoglycan + IUPAC + + + + + + Glykosaminoglykan + ChEBI + + + + + glicosaminoglicano + IUPAC + + + + + glycosaminoglycane + IUPAC + + + + + glycosaminoglycans + ChEBI + - + - - - ester + + + Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). + CHEBI:14399 + CHEBI:24590 + CHEBI:5709 + GlyGen:G70994MS + GlyTouCan:G70994MS + KEGG:C00738 + Hexose + chebi_ontology + WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ + hexoses + CHEBI:18133 + + hexose + + + + Hexose + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ + GlyTouCan + + + + + hexoses + ChEBI + - + - - - - sulfated glycosaminoglycan + + + + + A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. + CHEBI:14864 + CHEBI:26205 + CHEBI:8322 + KEGG:C00420 + Polysaccharide + polysaccharides + chebi_ontology + Glycan + Glycane + Glykan + Glykane + glycans + polisacarido + polisacaridos + CHEBI:18154 + + polysaccharide + + + + Polysaccharide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + polysaccharides + IUPAC + + + + + + Glycan + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Glycane + ChEBI + + + + + Glykan + ChEBI + + + + + Glykane + ChEBI + + + + + glycans + IUPAC + + + + + polisacarido + ChEBI + + + + + polisacaridos + IUPAC + - + - - - - - carbohydrate sulfate + + + That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. + CHEBI:13873 + CHEBI:25598 + CHEBI:2995 + KEGG:C00701 + Wikipedia:Nucleobase + chebi_ontology + Base + nucleobases + CHEBI:18282 + + nucleobase + + + + Base + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + nucleobases + ChEBI + - + - - - cholanoid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline. + 0 + C8H11NO3 + InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/t8-/m0/s1 + SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N + 169.17780 + 169.07389 + NC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 + CHEBI:1 + CHEBI:14668 + CHEBI:25592 + CHEBI:258884 + CHEBI:43725 + Beilstein:2804840 + Beilstein:4231961 + CAS:51-41-2 + DrugBank:DB00368 + Drug_Central:1960 + HMDB:HMDB0000216 + KEGG:C00547 + KEGG:D00076 + KNApSAcK:C00001424 + PDBeChem:LNR + Reaxys:2804840 + Wikipedia:Norepinephrine + 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol + chebi_ontology + (-)-arterenol + (-)-noradrenaline + (-)-norepinephrine + (R)-(-)-norepinephrine + (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol + (R)-norepinephrine + 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol + Arterenol + L-NOREPINEPHRINE + L-Noradrenaline + Noradrenaline + Norepinephrine + norepinefrina + norepinephrine + norepinephrinum + CHEBI:18357 + + (R)-noradrenaline + + + + Beilstein:2804840 + Beilstein + + + + + Beilstein:4231961 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:51-41-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:51-41-2 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Drug_Central:1960 + DrugCentral + + + + + Reaxys:2804840 + Reaxys + + + + + 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol + IUPAC + + + + + + (-)-arterenol + ChemIDplus + + + + + (-)-noradrenaline + IUPHAR + + + + + (-)-norepinephrine + ChemIDplus + + + + + (R)-(-)-norepinephrine + ChemIDplus + + + + + (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol + ChemIDplus + + + + + (R)-norepinephrine + ChemIDplus + + + + + 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Arterenol + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + L-NOREPINEPHRINE + PDBeChem + + + + + L-Noradrenaline + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Noradrenaline + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Norepinephrine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + norepinefrina + ChEBI + + + + + + norepinephrine + ChemIDplus + + + + + + norepinephrine + WHO_MedNet + + + + + + norepinephrinum + ChEBI + + - + - - - - + + + - - + + - protein + A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. + -3 + O4P + InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3 + NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K + 94.97136 + 94.95507 + [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O + CHEBI:14791 + CHEBI:45024 + CHEBI:7793 + Beilstein:3903772 + CAS:14265-44-2 + Gmelin:1997 + KEGG:C00009 + PDBeChem:PO4 + Reaxys:3903772 + phosphate + tetraoxidophosphate(3-) + tetraoxophosphate(3-) + tetraoxophosphate(V) + chebi_ontology + Orthophosphate + PHOSPHATE ION + PO4(3-) + Phosphate + [PO4](3-) + CHEBI:18367 + + phosphate(3-) + + + + Beilstein:3903772 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:14265-44-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:14265-44-2 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:1997 + Gmelin + + + + + PDBeChem:PO4 + ChEBI + + + + + Reaxys:3903772 + Reaxys + + + + + phosphate + IUPAC + + + + + + tetraoxidophosphate(3-) + IUPAC + + + + + + tetraoxophosphate(3-) + IUPAC + + + + + + tetraoxophosphate(V) + IUPAC + + + + + + Orthophosphate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + PHOSPHATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + PO4(3-) + IUPAC + + + + + Phosphate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + [PO4](3-) + IUPAC + - + - - - - bile acid salt + + + 0 + C24H42 + InChI=1S/C24H42/c1-5-8-17(2)20-12-13-21-19-11-10-18-9-6-7-15-23(18,3)22(19)14-16-24(20,21)4/h17-22H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-,18+,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1 + QSHQKIURKJITMZ-OBUPQJQESA-N + 330.59028 + 330.32865 + [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@]1(C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@]3(C)[C@]([H])(CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]1([H])CC2)[C@H](C)CCC + Beilstein:2048472 + 5beta-cholane + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:20664 + + 5beta-cholane + + + + Beilstein:2048472 + Beilstein + + + + + 5beta-cholane + IUPAC + + - + - - - - Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). + + + An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. + acyl group + alkanoyl chebi_ontology - leptons - CHEBI:36338 + acyl groups + alkanoyl group + groupe acyle + CHEBI:22221 - lepton + acyl group - + + + acyl group + IUPAC + + + + + alkanoyl + IUPAC + + + + + + acyl groups + ChEBI + + + - leptons + alkanoyl group ChEBI + + + + groupe acyle + IUPAC + - + - - - - Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). + + + + + alkali metals chebi_ontology - baryons - CHEBI:36339 + Alkalimetall + Alkalimetalle + alkali metal + metal alcalin + metal alcalino + metales alcalinos + metaux alcalins + CHEBI:22314 - baryon + alkali metal atom - + + + alkali metals + IUPAC + + + + + + Alkalimetall + ChEBI + + + + + Alkalimetalle + ChEBI + + + + + alkali metal + ChEBI + + + + + metal alcalin + ChEBI + + + + + metal alcalino + ChEBI + + + + + metales alcalinos + ChEBI + + + - baryons + metaux alcalins ChEBI - + - - - Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. - fermion + + + + + + + + + + Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. + Wikipedia:Alkaloid + Alkaloid + alkaloids chebi_ontology - fermions - CHEBI:36340 + Alkaloide + alcaloide + alcaloides + CHEBI:22315 - fermion + alkaloid - + + + Alkaloid + ChEBI + + + - fermion + alkaloids IUPAC - + - fermions + Alkaloide + ChEBI + + + + + alcaloide + ChEBI + + + + + alcaloides ChEBI - + - - - A particle smaller than an atom. + + + chebi_ontology - subatomic particles - CHEBI:36342 + aminoglycans + CHEBI:22506 - subatomic particle + aminoglycan - + - subatomic particles + aminoglycans ChEBI - + - - - A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). + + + A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. + Anion + anion chebi_ontology - composite particles - CHEBI:36343 + Anionen + aniones + anions + CHEBI:22563 - composite particle + anion - + + + Anion + ChEBI + + + + + anion + ChEBI + + + + + anion + IUPAC + + + + + + Anionen + ChEBI + + + - composite particles + aniones ChEBI + + + + anions + IUPAC + - + - - - Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. + + + A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. chebi_ontology - hadrons - CHEBI:36344 + antioxidants + antioxydant + antoxidant + CHEBI:22586 - hadron + antioxidant - + + + antioxidants + ChEBI + + + + + antioxydant + ChEBI + + + - hadrons + antoxidant ChEBI - + - - - A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. - nuclear particle + + + A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). + KEGG:C00701 + Base + base chebi_ontology - CHEBI:36347 + Base1 + Base2 + Basen + Nucleobase + bases + CHEBI:22695 - nuclear particle + base - + - nuclear particle + Base + ChEBI + + + + + base + ChEBI + + + + + base IUPAC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - polyatomic entity - - - + + + + Base1 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Base2 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Basen + ChEBI + + + + + Nucleobase + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + bases + ChEBI + + - - - - - - - - - - - carbonyl compound + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + benzopyrroles + CHEBI:22728 + + benzopyrrole + + + + benzopyrroles + ChEBI + - + - - + + + + A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. + KEGG:C01558 + chebi_ontology + Bile acid + bile salts + CHEBI:22868 + + bile salt + + + + + Bile acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + bile salts + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - + + - organic oxo compound + The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. + 0 + CH2NO + 44.03272 + 44.01364 + *C(N)=O + PMID:24168430 + carbamoyl + chebi_ontology + -C(O)NH2 + -CONH2 + aminocarbonyl + carbamyl + carbamyl group + carboxamide + CHEBI:23004 + + carbamoyl group + + + + PMID:24168430 + Europe PMC + + + + + carbamoyl + IUPAC + + + + + + -C(O)NH2 + ChEBI + + + + + -CONH2 + IUPAC + + + + + aminocarbonyl + IUPAC + + + + + carbamyl + ChEBI + + + + + carbamyl group + ChEBI + + + + + carboxamide + IUPAC + - + - - - biladienes + + + 0 + CO + 28.01010 + 27.99491 + O=C(*)* + carbonyl + carbonyl group + chebi_ontology + >C=O + CHEBI:23019 + + carbonyl group + + + + carbonyl + IUPAC + + + + + + carbonyl group + ChEBI + + + + + carbonyl group + UniProt + + + + + >C=O + IUPAC + - + - - - - inorganic ion + + + An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). + Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) + cofactor + cofactors + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:23357 + + cofactor + + + + cofactor + IUPAC + + + + + cofactors + IUPAC + + - + - - - - inorganic cation + + + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. + molecular entity + chebi_ontology + entidad molecular + entidades moleculares + entite moleculaire + molecular entities + molekulare Entitaet + CHEBI:23367 + + molecular entity + + + + molecular entity + IUPAC + + + + + + entidad molecular + IUPAC + + + + + entidades moleculares + IUPAC + + + + + entite moleculaire + IUPAC + + + + + molecular entities + IUPAC + + + + + molekulare Entitaet + ChEBI + - + - - - cation + + + chebi_ontology + Cyclopeptid + Zyklopeptid + cyclic peptides + peptide cyclique + peptido ciclico + CHEBI:23449 + + cyclic peptide + + + + Cyclopeptid + ChEBI + + + + + Zyklopeptid + ChEBI + + + + + cyclic peptides + ChEBI + + + + + peptide cyclique + IUPAC + + + + + peptido ciclico + IUPAC + - + - - - - organochalcogen compound + + + Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. + chebi_ontology + drugs + medicine + CHEBI:23888 + + drug + + + + drugs + ChEBI + + + + + medicine + ChEBI + - + - - - - organooxygen compound + + + + chebi_ontology + monoatomic cations + CHEBI:23906 + + monoatomic cation + + + + monoatomic cations + ChEBI + - + - - - elemental sodium + + + + A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. + enzyme inhibitor + chebi_ontology + enzyme inhibitors + inhibidor enzimatico + inhibidores enzimaticos + inhibiteur enzymatique + inhibiteurs enzymatiques + CHEBI:23924 + + enzyme inhibitor + + + + enzyme inhibitor + IUPAC + + + + + + enzyme inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + inhibidor enzimatico + ChEBI + + + + + inhibidores enzimaticos + ChEBI + + + + + inhibiteur enzymatique + ChEBI + + + + + inhibiteurs enzymatiques + ChEBI + - + - - - mucopolysaccharide + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24384 + + glycogens - + - - - heteroatomic molecular entity + + A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. + chemical entity + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24431 + + chemical entity + + + + chemical entity + UniProt + - + - - - - + + + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. + chebi_ontology + biological function + CHEBI:24432 + + biological role + + + + + biological function + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - + - carboxamide + A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. + group + chebi_ontology + Gruppe + Rest + groupe + grupo + grupos + CHEBI:24433 + + group + + + + group + IUPAC + + + + + + Gruppe + ChEBI + + + + + Rest + ChEBI + + + + + groupe + IUPAC + + + + + grupo + IUPAC + + + + + grupos + IUPAC + - + - - - sulfuric acid derivative + + + + + A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. + chebi_ontology + organic heterocycle + organic heterocyclic compounds + CHEBI:24532 + + organic heterocyclic compound + + + + organic heterocycle + ChEBI + + + + + organic heterocyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - carboacyl group + + + A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. + heterodetic cyclic peptide + chebi_ontology + heterodetic cyclic peptides + peptide cyclique heterodetique + peptido ciclico heterodetico + CHEBI:24533 + + heterodetic cyclic peptide + + + + heterodetic cyclic peptide + IUPAC + + + + + + heterodetic cyclic peptides + ChEBI + + + + + peptide cyclique heterodetique + IUPAC + + + + + peptido ciclico heterodetico + IUPAC + - + - - - polypyrrole + + + + Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. + chebi_ontology + endocrine + hormones + CHEBI:24621 + + hormone + + + + endocrine + ChEBI + + + + + hormones + ChEBI + - + - - - - organonitrogen heterocyclic compound + + + + + + + + + + + Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24651 + + hydroxides - + - - - - organic sodium salt + + + + + + + + + + Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. + chebi_ontology + hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids + CHEBI:24663 + + hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid + + + + hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids + ChEBI + - + - - - hydroxy group + + + Any compound containing an indole skeleton. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:24828 + + indoles - + - - - oxo group + + + + + + + + + + A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). + oxoacid + oxoacids + chebi_ontology + oxacids + oxiacids + oxo acid + oxy-acids + oxyacids + CHEBI:24833 + + oxoacid + + + + oxoacid + IUPAC + + + + + + oxoacids + IUPAC + + + + + + oxacids + ChEBI + + + + + oxiacids + ChEBI + + + + + oxo acid + ChEBI + + + + + oxy-acids + ChEBI + + + + + oxyacids + ChEBI + - + - - - carboxy group + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic anions + CHEBI:24834 + + inorganic anion + + + + inorganic anions + ChEBI + - + - - - - - hydrogen atom + + + A molecular entity that contains no carbon. + chebi_ontology + anorganische Verbindungen + inorganic compounds + inorganic entity + inorganic molecular entities + inorganics + CHEBI:24835 + + inorganic molecular entity + + + + anorganische Verbindungen + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic entity + ChEBI + + + + + inorganic molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + inorganics + ChEBI + - + - - - A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. + + + chebi_ontology - CHEBI:50047 - organic amino compound + inorganic oxides + CHEBI:24836 + + inorganic oxide + + + + inorganic oxides + ChEBI + - + - - + + - + - organic molecular entity - - - - - - - - A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. - chebi_ontology - CHEBI:50906 - - role - - - - - - - - - + - nitrogen molecular entity + A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. + salt + chebi_ontology + Salz + Salze + ionic compound + ionic compounds + sal + sales + salts + sel + sels + CHEBI:24866 + + salt + + + + salt + IUPAC + + + + + + Salz + ChEBI + + + + + Salze + ChEBI + + + + + ionic compound + ChEBI + + + + + ionic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + sal + ChEBI + + + + + sales + ChEBI + + + + + salts + ChEBI + + + + + sel + ChEBI + + + + + sels + ChEBI + - + - - - organodiyl group + + + + chebi_ontology + monoatomic ions + CHEBI:24867 + + monoatomic ion + + + + monoatomic ions + ChEBI + - + - - - organic divalent group + + + chebi_ontology + organic salts + organisches Salz + CHEBI:24868 + + organic salt + + + + organic salts + ChEBI + + + + + organisches Salz + ChEBI + - + - - - organic univalent group + + + A molecular entity having a net electric charge. + Ion + ion + chebi_ontology + Ionen + iones + ions + CHEBI:24870 + + ion + + + + Ion + ChEBI + + + + + ion + ChEBI + + + + + ion + IUPAC + + + + + + Ionen + ChEBI + + + + + iones + ChEBI + + + + + ions + ChEBI + - + - - - - organic polycyclic compound + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:25046 + + linear tetrapyrrole - + - - + + + Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. + CHEBI:26619 + CHEBI:35220 + metabolite chebi_ontology - CHEBI:52211 - - physiological role + metabolites + primary metabolites + secondary metabolites + CHEBI:25212 + + metabolite + + + + metabolite + IUPAC + + + + + + metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + primary metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + secondary metabolites + ChEBI + - + - - - heterocyclic compound + + + + chebi_ontology + a metal cation + metal cations + CHEBI:25213 + + metal cation + + + + a metal cation + UniProt + + + + + metal cations + ChEBI + - + - - - monovalent inorganic cation + + + + A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. + chebi_ontology + homoatomic molecule + homoatomic molecules + CHEBI:25362 + + elemental molecule + + + + homoatomic molecule + ChEBI + + + + + homoatomic molecules + ChEBI + - + - - - carbohydrate derivative + + + Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. + molecule + chebi_ontology + Molekuel + molecula + molecules + neutral molecular compounds + CHEBI:25367 + + molecule + + + + molecule + IUPAC + + + + + Molekuel + ChEBI + + + + + molecula + IUPAC + + + + + molecules + IUPAC + + + + + neutral molecular compounds + IUPAC + - + - - - organic acid + + + + + + + + + A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. + chebi_ontology + monamines + monoamines + CHEBI:25375 + + monoamine molecular messenger + + + + monamines + ChEBI + + + + + monoamines + ChEBI + - + - - - - - polysaccharide derivative + + + + + + + + + An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. + chebi_ontology + monocarboxylic acids + CHEBI:25384 + + monocarboxylic acid + + + + monocarboxylic acids + ChEBI + - + - - - - organic molecule + + + +1 + 0.00000 + [*+] + chebi_ontology + monoatomic monocations + monovalent inorganic cations + CHEBI:25414 + + monoatomic monocation + + + + monoatomic monocations + ChEBI + + + + + monovalent inorganic cations + ChEBI + - + - - - exopolysaccharide + + + An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. + Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter + chebi_ontology + neurotransmitters + CHEBI:25512 + + neurotransmitter + + + + neurotransmitters + ChEBI + - + - - - Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + N + 14.007 + 14.00307 + WebElements:N + nitrogen chebi_ontology - dietary component - dietary components - food components - CHEBI:78295 + 7N + N + Stickstoff + azote + nitrogen + nitrogeno + CHEBI:25555 - food component + nitrogen atom - + + + nitrogen + IUPAC + + + + - dietary component + 7N + IUPAC + + + + + N + IUPAC + + + + + Stickstoff ChEBI - + - dietary components + azote + IUPAC + + + + + nitrogen ChEBI - + - food components + nitrogeno ChEBI - + - - - carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives + + + nonmetal + chebi_ontology + Nichtmetall + Nichtmetalle + no metal + no metales + non-metal + non-metaux + nonmetal + nonmetals + CHEBI:25585 + + nonmetal atom + + + + nonmetal + IUPAC + + + + + + Nichtmetall + ChEBI + + + + + Nichtmetalle + ChEBI + + + + + no metal + ChEBI + + + + + no metales + ChEBI + + + + + non-metal + ChEBI + + + + + non-metaux + ChEBI + + + + + nonmetal + ChEBI + + + + + nonmetals + ChEBI + - + - - A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. - CALOHA:TS-2035 - FBbt:00007002 - FMA:68646 - GO:0005623 - KUPO:0000002 - MESH:D002477 - VHOG:0001533 - WBbt:0004017 - XAO:0003012 - CL:0000000 - - The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). - cell + + + + Any organic ion with a net negative charge. + chebi_ontology + organic anions + CHEBI:25696 + + organic anion + + + + organic anions + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). - CARO:0000013 - cell in vivo - CL:0000003 - - To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12). - native cell + + + + Any organic ion with a net positive charge. + chebi_ontology + organic cations + CHEBI:25697 + + organic cation + + + + organic cations + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. - CL:0000005 - fibroblast neural crest derived + + + + chebi_ontology + organic ions + CHEBI:25699 + + organic ion + + + + organic ions + ChEBI + - + - - - - neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) - CL:0000006 - neuronal receptor cell + + + + + + + + + Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group + chebi_ontology + organic sulfates + CHEBI:25704 + + organic sulfate + + + + organic sulfates + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. - CL:0000007 - early embryonic cell (metazoa) + + + + An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. + oxide + chebi_ontology + oxides + CHEBI:25741 + + oxide + + + + oxide + ChEBI + + + + + oxides + ChEBI + - + - - - Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. - CL:0000008 - migratory cranial neural crest cell + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + O + InChI=1S/O + QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 15.99940 + 15.99491 + [O] + KEGG:C00007 + WebElements:O + oxygen + chebi_ontology + 8O + O + Sauerstoff + oxigeno + oxygen + oxygene + CHEBI:25805 + + oxygen atom + + + + oxygen + IUPAC + + + + + + 8O + IUPAC + + + + + O + IUPAC + + + + + Sauerstoff + ChEBI + + + + + oxigeno + ChEBI + + + + + oxygen + ChEBI + + + + + oxygene + ChEBI + - + - - - Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. - CL:0000011 - migratory trunk neural crest cell + + + + + + + + + oxygen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + oxygen molecular entities + CHEBI:25806 + + oxygen molecular entity + + + + oxygen molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + oxygen molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. - MA:0000388 - VHOG:0001530 - ncithesaurus:Egg - CL:0000021 - female germ cell + + + + + + + + + Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. + chebi_ontology + peptide hormones + polypeptide hormone + CHEBI:25905 + + peptide hormone + + + + peptide hormones + ChEBI + + + + + polypeptide hormone + ChEBI + - + - - - - A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. - BTO:0000964 - CALOHA:TS-0711 - FBbt:00004886 - FMA:18644 - MESH:D009865 - WBbt:0006797 - oogonium - CL:0000023 - oocyte + + + Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. + phosphates + chebi_ontology + phosphates + CHEBI:26020 + + phosphate + + + + phosphates + IUPAC + + + + + + phosphates + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. - CL:0000027 - smooth muscle cell neural crest derived - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - neuron neural crest derived - CL:0000029 - neural crest derived neuron - - - - - - - - - - A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. - CL:0000337 - BTO:0000930 - FMA:70563 - neuroblast - CL:0000031 - neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) - - - - - - - - - - A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. - CALOHA:TS-2086 - FMA:63368 - animal stem cell - CL:0000034 - This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’. - stem cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. + 0 + H3O4P + InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4) + NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 97.99520 + 97.97690 + [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[H] + Beilstein:1921286 + CAS:7664-38-2 + Drug_Central:4478 + Gmelin:2000 + HMDB:HMDB0002142 + KEGG:C00009 + KEGG:D05467 + KNApSAcK:C00007408 + PMID:11455380 + PMID:15630224 + PMID:17439666 + PMID:17518491 + PMID:22282755 + PMID:22333268 + PMID:22381614 + PMID:22401268 + Reaxys:1921286 + Wikipedia:Phosphoric_Acid + Phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid + tetraoxophosphoric acid + trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) + trihydroxidooxidophosphorus + chebi_ontology + H3PO4 + Orthophosphoric acid + Phosphate + Phosphorsaeure + Phosphorsaeureloesungen + [PO(OH)3] + acide phosphorique + acidum phosphoricum + orthophosphoric acid + CHEBI:26078 + + phosphoric acid + + + + Beilstein:1921286 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:7664-38-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7664-38-2 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:7664-38-2 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Drug_Central:4478 + DrugCentral + + + + + Gmelin:2000 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:11455380 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15630224 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17439666 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17518491 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22282755 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22333268 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22381614 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22401268 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:1921286 + Reaxys + + + + + Phosphoric acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + phosphoric acid + IUPAC + + + + + tetraoxophosphoric acid + IUPAC + + + + + + trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) + IUPAC + + + + + + trihydroxidooxidophosphorus + IUPAC + + + + + + H3PO4 + IUPAC + + + + + Orthophosphoric acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Phosphate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Phosphorsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Phosphorsaeureloesungen + ChEBI + + + + + [PO(OH)3] + IUPAC + + + + + acide phosphorique + ChEBI + + + + + acidum phosphoricum + ChEBI + + + + + orthophosphoric acid + NIST_Chemistry_WebBook + - + - - - - + + - - + + - A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. - BTO:0000725 - CALOHA:TS-0448 - FMA:70337 - FMA:86475 - MESH:D006412 - VHOG:0001485 - HSC - blood forming stem cell - hemopoietic stem cell - colony forming unit hematopoietic - CL:0000037 - Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. - hematopoietic stem cell + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:26079 + + phosphoric acid derivative - + - - - + + - - + + - A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. - BTO:0004911 - BFU-E - CFU-E - blast forming unit erythroid - burst forming unit erythroid - colony forming unit erythroid - erythroid stem cell - CL:0000038 - erythroid progenitor cell + chebi_ontology + phosphorus molecular entities + CHEBI:26082 + + phosphorus molecular entity + + + + phosphorus molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - - A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. - CL:0000039 - - Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. - germ line cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + Na + InChI=1S/Na + KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 22.98977 + 22.98977 + [Na] + CAS:7440-23-5 + Gmelin:16221 + KEGG:C01330 + WebElements:Na + sodium + chebi_ontology + 11Na + Na + Natrium + natrium + sodio + sodium + CHEBI:26708 + + sodium atom + + + + CAS:7440-23-5 + ChemIDplus + + + + + Gmelin:16221 + Gmelin + + + + + sodium + IUPAC + + + + + + 11Na + IUPAC + + + + + Na + IUPAC + + + + + Natrium + ChemIDplus + + + + + natrium + IUPAC + + + + + sodio + ChemIDplus + + + + + sodium + ChEBI + - + - - - - A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. - FMA:84789 - multi-fate stem cell - multifate stem cell - multipotent cell - multipotent stem cell - CL:0000048 - multi fate stem cell + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + sodium compounds + sodium molecular entities + CHEBI:26712 + + sodium molecular entity + + + + sodium compounds + ChEBI + + + + + sodium molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. - BTO:0004730 - CMP - common myeloid precursor - CFU-GEMM - CFU-S - colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte - multipotential myeloid stem cell - myeloid stem cell - pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) - CL:0000049 - This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). - common myeloid progenitor + + + + + + + + + + Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. + chebi_ontology + Natriumsalz + Natriumsalze + sodium salts + CHEBI:26714 + + sodium salt + + + + Natriumsalz + ChEBI + + + + + Natriumsalze + ChEBI + + + + + sodium salts + ChEBI + - + - - - - - A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. - CFU-EM - CFU-MegE - MEP - Meg/E progenitor - colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte - megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor - megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell - CL:0000050 - MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. - megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell + + + + + + + + + + Any steroid that acts as hormone. + chebi_ontology + Steroidhormon + Steroidhormone + hormona esteroide + hormonas esteroideas + hormone steroide + hormones steroides + steroid hormones + CHEBI:26764 + + steroid hormone + + + + Steroidhormon + ChEBI + + + + + Steroidhormone + ChEBI + + + + + hormona esteroide + ChEBI + + + + + hormonas esteroideas + ChEBI + + + + + hormone steroide + ChEBI + + + + + hormones steroides + ChEBI + + + + + steroid hormones + ChEBI + - + - - - A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. - FMA:84790 - MESH:D039901 - totipotential stem cell - CL:0000052 - totipotent stem cell + + + + An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. + 0 + O4SR2 + 96.06300 + 95.95173 + [*]OS(=O)(=O)O[*] + chebi_ontology + sulfate ester + sulfuric acid ester + sulfuric acid esters + CHEBI:26819 + + sulfuric ester + + + + sulfate ester + ChEBI + + + + + sulfuric acid ester + ChEBI + + + + + sulfuric acid esters + ChEBI + - + - - - A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. - BTO:0000125 - FMA:84782 - blast cell - CL:0000055 - define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? - non-terminally differentiated cell + + + Salts and esters of sulfuric acid + sulfates + chebi_ontology + sulfuric acid derivative + sulphates + CHEBI:26820 + + sulfates + + + + sulfates + ChEBI + + + + + sulfuric acid derivative + ChEBI + + + + + sulphates + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. - BTO:0000222 - CALOHA:TS-0650 - FBbt:00005083 - FMA:70335 - VHOG:0001529 - CL:0000056 - myoblast + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + S + InChI=1S/S + NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 32.06600 + 31.97207 + [S] + CAS:7704-34-9 + KEGG:C00087 + KEGG:D06527 + PPDB:605 + WebElements:S + sulfur + chebi_ontology + 16S + Elemental sulfur + S + Schwefel + azufre + soufre + sulfur + sulphur + theion + CHEBI:26833 + + sulfur atom + + + + CAS:7704-34-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7704-34-9 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + sulfur + IUPAC + + + + + + 16S + IUPAC + + + + + Elemental sulfur + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + S + IUPAC + + + + + S + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Schwefel + ChEBI + + + + + azufre + ChEBI + + + + + soufre + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur + UniProt + + + + + sulphur + ChEBI + + + + + theion + IUPAC + - + - - - + + - - + + - A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. - BTO:0000452 - CALOHA:TS-0362 - FMA:63877 - VHOG:0001482 - CL:0000057 - These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. - fibroblast + sulfur molecular entity + chebi_ontology + sulfur molecular entities + CHEBI:26835 + + sulfur molecular entity + + + + sulfur molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - + + - - + + - Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. - BTO:0003607 - FMA:66783 - chrondoplast - CL:0000058 - chondroblast + + + + + + + A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. + 0 + H2O4S + InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4) + QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 98.07948 + 97.96738 + [H]OS(=O)(=O)O[H] + CAS:7664-93-9 + Gmelin:2122 + KEGG:C00059 + KEGG:D05963 + KNApSAcK:C00007530 + MolBase:4 + PMID:13568755 + PMID:16122922 + PMID:19397353 + PMID:22047659 + PMID:22136045 + PMID:22204399 + PMID:22267186 + PMID:22296037 + PMID:22364556 + PMID:22435616 + PPDB:606 + Reaxys:2037554 + Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid + Sulfuric acid + dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate + dihydroxidodioxidosulfur + hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) + hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) + sulfuric acid + tetraoxosulfuric acid + chebi_ontology + Acide sulfurique + Acido sulfurico + Acidum sulfuricum + H2SO4 + Schwefelsaeureloesungen + [S(OH)2O2] + [SO2(OH)2] + sulphuric acid + CHEBI:26836 + + sulfuric acid + + + + CAS:7664-93-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7664-93-9 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + CAS:7664-93-9 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:2122 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:13568755 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16122922 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19397353 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22047659 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22136045 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22204399 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22267186 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22296037 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22364556 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22435616 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:2037554 + Reaxys + + + + + Sulfuric acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydroxidodioxidosulfur + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) + IUPAC + + + + + + sulfuric acid + ChEBI + + + + + sulfuric acid + IUPAC + + + + + + tetraoxosulfuric acid + IUPAC + + + + + + Acide sulfurique + ChemIDplus + + + + + Acido sulfurico + ChemIDplus + + + + + Acidum sulfuricum + ChemIDplus + + + + + H2SO4 + IUPAC + + + + + Schwefelsaeureloesungen + ChemIDplus + + + + + [S(OH)2O2] + MolBase + + + + + [SO2(OH)2] + IUPAC + + + + + sulphuric acid + MolBase + - + - - - A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. - VHOG:0001532 - XAO:0000031 - CL:0000064 - ciliated cell + + + + A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + tetrapyrrole + tetrapyrroles + chebi_ontology + a tetrapyrrole + CHEBI:26932 + + tetrapyrrole + + + + tetrapyrrole + IUPAC + + + + + + tetrapyrroles + IUPAC + + + + + + a tetrapyrrole + UniProt + - + - - - - A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. - BTO:0000414 - CALOHA:TS-2026 - CARO:0000077 - FBbt:00000124 - FMA:66768 - WBbt:0003672 - epitheliocyte - CL:0000066 - epithelial cell + + + Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. + Wikipedia:Micronutrient + chebi_ontology + micronutrients + trace elements + CHEBI:27027 + + micronutrient + + + + micronutrients + ChEBI + + + + + trace elements + ChEBI + - + - - - - An epithelial cell that has a cilia. - FMA:70605 - CL:0000067 - ciliated epithelial cell + + + Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:27162 + + tryptamines - + - - - - An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. - CL:0000068 - duct epithelial cell + + + + chebi_ontology + heterobicyclic compounds + organic heterobicyclic compounds + CHEBI:27171 + + organic heterobicyclic compound + + + + heterobicyclic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + organic heterobicyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000069 - branched duct epithelial cell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. - cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree - CL:0000071 - blood vessel endothelial cell - - - - - - - - - - A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. - CL:0000075 - columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell + + + A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. + chebi_ontology + univalent acyl group + univalent carboacyl groups + univalent carboxylic acyl groups + CHEBI:27207 + + univalent carboacyl group + + + + univalent acyl group + ChEBI + + + + + univalent carboacyl groups + ChEBI + + + + + univalent carboxylic acyl groups + ChEBI + - + - - - CALOHA:TS-1249 - CL:0000076 - squamous epithelial cell + + + A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). + zwitterion + zwitterions + chebi_ontology + compose zwitterionique + compuestos zwitterionicos + zwitteriones + zwitterionic compounds + CHEBI:27369 + + zwitterion + + + + zwitterion + IUPAC + + + + + + zwitterions + IUPAC + + + + + + compose zwitterionique + IUPAC + + + + + compuestos zwitterionicos + IUPAC + + + + + zwitteriones + IUPAC + + + + + zwitterionic compounds + IUPAC + - + - - - - - A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. - FMA:66773 - mesotheliocyte - CL:0000077 - mesothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + C + InChI=1S/C + OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 12.01070 + 12.00000 + [C] + CHEBI:23009 + CHEBI:3399 + CAS:7440-44-0 + KEGG:C06265 + WebElements:C + carbon + chebi_ontology + 6C + C + Carbon + Kohlenstoff + carbon + carbone + carbonium + carbono + CHEBI:27594 + + carbon atom + + + + CAS:7440-44-0 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7440-44-0 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + carbon + IUPAC + + + + + + 6C + IUPAC + + + + + C + IUPAC + + + + + C + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Carbon + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Kohlenstoff + ChEBI + + + + + carbon + ChEBI + + + + + carbone + ChEBI + + + + + carbonium + ChEBI + + + + + carbono + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell found predominately in the blood. - FMA:62844 - MESH:D001773 - CL:0000081 - blood cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. + CHEBI:24379 + CHEBI:5466 + CAS:9005-79-2 + GlyGen:G99991IU + GlyTouCan:G99991IU + HMDB:HMDB0000757 + KEGG:C00182 + MetaCyc:CPD0-971 + Wikipedia:Glycogen + Glycogen + chebi_ontology + WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 + animal starch + liver starch + CHEBI:28087 + + glycogen + + + + CAS:9005-79-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:9005-79-2 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Glycogen + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 + GlyTouCan + + + + + animal starch + ChemIDplus + + + + + liver starch + ChemIDplus + - + - - - - + + + + - - + + - An epithelial cell of the pancreas. - BTO:0000028 - pancreas epithelial cell - pancreatic epithelial cell - CL:0000083 - epithelial cell of pancreas + + + + + + + A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. + 0 + CH3NO2 + InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) + KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 61.04006 + 61.01638 + NC(O)=O + CHEBI:22504 + CHEBI:23002 + CHEBI:3386 + CHEBI:44573 + Beilstein:1734754 + CAS:463-77-4 + DrugBank:DB04261 + Gmelin:130345 + KEGG:C01563 + PDBeChem:OUT + Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid + CARBAMIC ACID + Carbamic acid + carbamic acid + chebi_ontology + Aminoameisensaeure + Aminoformic acid + Carbamate + Carbamidsaeure + CHEBI:28616 + + carbamic acid + + + + Beilstein:1734754 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:463-77-4 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:463-77-4 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:130345 + Gmelin + + + + + CARBAMIC ACID + PDBeChem + + + + + Carbamic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + carbamic acid + IUPAC + + + + + + Aminoameisensaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Aminoformic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Carbamate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Carbamidsaeure + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + + - - + + - CL:0000095 - neuron associated cell + 0 + P + InChI=1S/P + OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 30.97376 + 30.97376 + [P] + CHEBI:26080 + CHEBI:8168 + CAS:7723-14-0 + Gmelin:16235 + KEGG:C06262 + WebElements:P + phosphorus + chebi_ontology + 15P + P + Phosphor + Phosphorus + fosforo + phosphore + phosphorus + CHEBI:28659 + + phosphorus atom + + + + CAS:7723-14-0 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:7723-14-0 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:16235 + Gmelin + + + + + phosphorus + IUPAC + + + + + + 15P + IUPAC + + + + + P + IUPAC + + + + + P + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Phosphor + ChEBI + + + + + Phosphorus + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + fosforo + ChEBI + + + + + phosphore + ChEBI + + + + + phosphorus + ChEBI + - + - - - Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. - BTO:0003811 - FBbt:00005125 - FMA:67313 - WBbt:0005113 - CL:0000099 - interneuron + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. + 0 + C10H12N2O + InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 + QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 176.215 + 176.09496 + C1=CC(=CC=2C(=CNC12)CCN)O + CHEBI:1420 + CHEBI:26652 + CHEBI:49894 + Beilstein:143524 + CAS:50-67-9 + Gmelin:1861995 + HMDB:HMDB0000259 + KEGG:C00780 + KNApSAcK:C00001429 + LINCS:LSM-6589 + MetaCyc:SEROTONIN + PDBeChem:SRO + PMID:18593914 + PMID:22770225 + PMID:24136337 + Reaxys:143524 + Wikipedia:Serotonin + 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol + SEROTONIN + Serotonin + chebi_ontology + 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol + 5-HT + 5-Hydroxytryptamine + Enteramine + serotonine + thrombocytin + thrombotonin + CHEBI:28790 + + serotonin + + + + Beilstein:143524 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:50-67-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:50-67-9 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:1861995 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:18593914 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22770225 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:24136337 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:143524 + Reaxys + + + + + 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol + IUPAC + + + + + + SEROTONIN + PDBeChem + + + + + Serotonin + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + 5-HT + IUPHAR + + + + + 5-Hydroxytryptamine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Enteramine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + serotonine + ChEBI + + + + + thrombocytin + ChemIDplus + + + + + thrombotonin + ChemIDplus + - + - - - An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. - BTO:0000312 - FBbt:00005123 - FMA:83617 - WBbt:0005409 - motoneuron - CL:0000100 - motor neuron + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. + +1 + H4N + InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 + QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 18.03850 + 18.03383 + [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] + CHEBI:22534 + CHEBI:49783 + CHEBI:7435 + CAS:14798-03-9 + Gmelin:84 + KEGG:C01342 + MetaCyc:AMMONIUM + MolBase:929 + PDBeChem:NH4 + PMID:11319011 + PMID:11341317 + PMID:12096804 + PMID:14512268 + PMID:14879753 + PMID:16345391 + PMID:16903292 + PMID:17392693 + PMID:18515490 + PMID:19199063 + PMID:19596600 + PMID:19682559 + PMID:19716251 + PMID:21993530 + PMID:22265469 + PMID:22524020 + PMID:22562341 + PMID:22631217 + Reaxys:16093784 + Wikipedia:Ammonium + ammonium + azanium + chebi_ontology + Ammonium(1+) + NH4(+) + NH4+ + [NH4](+) + ammonium cation + ammonium ion + CHEBI:28938 + + ammonium + + + + CAS:14798-03-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:14798-03-9 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:84 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:11319011 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11341317 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:12096804 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:14512268 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:14879753 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16345391 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16903292 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17392693 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18515490 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19199063 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19596600 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19682559 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19716251 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21993530 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22265469 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22524020 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22562341 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22631217 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:16093784 + Reaxys + + + + + ammonium + ChEBI + + + + + ammonium + IUPAC + + + + + + azanium + IUPAC + + + + + + Ammonium(1+) + ChemIDplus + + + + + NH4(+) + IUPAC + + + + + NH4(+) + UniProt + + + + + NH4+ + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + [NH4](+) + MolBase + + + + + ammonium cation + ChemIDplus + + + + + ammonium ion + PDBeChem + - + - - - Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. - BTO:0001037 - FBbt:00005124 - FMA:84649 - MESH:D011984 - WBbt:0005759 - CL:0000101 - sensory neuron + + + + A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. + -2 + C2O4R + 88.019 + 87.97966 + [O-]C(=O)[*]C([O-])=O + CHEBI:13632 + CHEBI:23688 + CHEBI:23689 + CHEBI:38711 + dicarboxylic acid dianion + chebi_ontology + a dicarboxylate + dicarboxylate + dicarboxylates + dicarboxylic acid dianions + CHEBI:28965 + + dicarboxylic acid dianion + + + + dicarboxylic acid dianion + ChEBI + + + + + a dicarboxylate + UniProt + + + + + dicarboxylate + ChEBI + + + + + dicarboxylates + ChEBI + + + + + dicarboxylic acid dianions + ChEBI + - + - - - - An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. - BTO:0001176 - CALOHA:TS-0278 - FMA:66772 - endotheliocyte - CL:0000115 - From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. - endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + CH2O3 + InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) + BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 62.02478 + 62.00039 + OC(O)=O + CHEBI:13351 + CHEBI:23017 + CHEBI:23744 + CHEBI:3401 + CAS:463-79-6 + Gmelin:25554 + KEGG:C01353 + PDBeChem:CO3 + Carbonic acid + carbonic acid + dihydroxidooxidocarbon + chebi_ontology + Dihydrogen carbonate + H2CO3 + Koehlensaeure + [CO(OH)2] + CHEBI:28976 + + carbonic acid + + + + CAS:463-79-6 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:463-79-6 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Gmelin:25554 + Gmelin + + + + + Carbonic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + carbonic acid + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydroxidooxidocarbon + IUPAC + + + + + + Dihydrogen carbonate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + H2CO3 + IUPAC + + + + + H2CO3 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Koehlensaeure + ChEBI + + + + + [CO(OH)2] + IUPAC + - + - - - + + + - - + + - CL:0000117 - CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) + The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. + -1 + CO2R + 44.00950 + 43.98983 + [O-]C([*])=O + CHEBI:13626 + CHEBI:13945 + CHEBI:23026 + CHEBI:58657 + chebi_ontology + a carboxylate + carboxylic acid anions + carboxylic anions + CHEBI:29067 + + carboxylic acid anion + + + + a carboxylate + UniProt + + + + + carboxylic acid anions + ChEBI + + + + + carboxylic anions + ChEBI + - + - - - A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. - BTO:0002606 - CALOHA:TS-0415 - FBbt:00005144 - FMA:54536 - neuroglial cell - neuroglia - CL:0000125 - Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 - glial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. + +1 + Na + InChI=1S/Na/q+1 + FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 22.98977 + 22.98922 + [Na+] + CHEBI:26717 + CHEBI:49766 + CHEBI:9175 + CAS:17341-25-2 + Gmelin:15196 + KEGG:C01330 + PDBeChem:NA + sodium cation + sodium(1+) + sodium(1+) ion + sodium(I) cation + chebi_ontology + Na(+) + Na+ + SODIUM ION + CHEBI:29101 + + sodium(1+) + + + + CAS:17341-25-2 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:17341-25-2 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:15196 + Gmelin + + + + + sodium cation + IUPAC + + + + + + sodium(1+) + IUPAC + + + + + + sodium(1+) ion + IUPAC + + + + + + sodium(I) cation + IUPAC + + + + + + Na(+) + IUPAC + + + + + Na(+) + UniProt + + + + + Na+ + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + SODIUM ION + PDBeChem + - + - - - Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. - neurectoderm cell - CL:0000133 - neurectodermal cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -1 + H2N + InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 + HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 16.02262 + 16.01927 + [H][N-][H] + amide + azanide + dihydridonitrate(1-) + chebi_ontology + NH2(-) + CHEBI:29337 + + azanide + + + + amide + IUPAC + + + + + + azanide + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydridonitrate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + NH2(-) + IUPAC + - + - - - - A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. - CL:0002452 - BTO:0002625 - BTO:0003298 - FMA:70546 - BMSC - bone marrow stromal cells - colony-forming unit-fibroblast - marrow stromal cells - CFU-F - MSC - mesenchymal precursor cell - mesenchymal progenitor cells - mesenchymal stem cell - mesenchymal stromal cell - mesenchymal stromal cells - stem cells, mesenchymal - CL:0000134 - Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. - mesenchymal stem cell - https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474 + + + + + + + + + + A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. + -2 + HN + InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 + DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 15.01468 + 15.01200 + [N--][H] + azanediide + hydridonitrate(2-) + chebi_ontology + NH(2-) + imide + CHEBI:29340 + + hydridonitrate(2-) + + + + azanediide + IUPAC + + + + + + hydridonitrate(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + + NH(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + imide + IUPAC + - + - - - - + + - - + + - A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. - CL:0000450 - BTO:0000443 - CALOHA:TS-0012 - FMA:63880 - adipocyte - adipose cell - CL:0000136 - fat cell + +1 + HO2 + InChI=1S/O2/c1-2/p+1 + MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 33.00674 + 32.99711 + [H][O+]=O + Gmelin:508 + dioxidenium + hydridodioxygen(1+) + chebi_ontology + HO2(+) + HOO(+) + [HO2](+) + CHEBI:29793 + + hydridodioxygen(1+) + + + + Gmelin:508 + Gmelin + + + + + dioxidenium + IUPAC + + + + + + hydridodioxygen(1+) + IUPAC + + + + + + HO2(+) + IUPAC + + + + + HOO(+) + ChEBI + + + + + [HO2](+) + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + - - + + - Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. - BTO:0000249 - CALOHA:TS-0138 - FMA:66782 - cartilage cell - CL:0000138 - chondrocyte + + + + + + + + + + + + + A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. + -1 + C2H3O2 + InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)/p-1 + QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 59.04402 + 59.01385 + CC([O-])=O + CHEBI:13704 + CHEBI:22165 + CHEBI:40480 + Beilstein:1901470 + CAS:71-50-1 + DrugBank:DB03166 + Gmelin:1379 + KEGG:C00033 + MetaCyc:ACET + PDBeChem:ACT + PMID:17190852 + PMID:22211106 + PMID:22371380 + Reaxys:1901470 + UM-BBD_compID:c0050 + Wikipedia:Acetate + acetate + chebi_ontology + ACETATE ION + Azetat + CH3-COO(-) + Ethanoat + MeCO2 anion + acetic acid, ion(1-) + ethanoate + CHEBI:30089 + + acetate + + + + Beilstein:1901470 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:71-50-1 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:71-50-1 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:1379 + Gmelin + + + + + PMID:17190852 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22211106 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22371380 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:1901470 + Reaxys + + + + + UM-BBD_compID:c0050 + UM-BBD + + + + + acetate + IUPAC + + + + + + acetate + UniProt + + + + + ACETATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + Azetat + ChEBI + + + + + CH3-COO(-) + IUPAC + + + + + Ethanoat + ChEBI + + + + + MeCO2 anion + NIST_Chemistry_WebBook + + + + + acetic acid, ion(1-) + ChemIDplus + + + + + ethanoate + ChEBI + - + - - - A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. - VHOG:0001678 - chromatocyte - chromatophore - CL:0000147 - pigment cell + + Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. + 0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + * + CHEBI:10581 + CHEBI:14383 + KEGG:C00205 + photon + chebi_ontology + Lichtquant + Light + foton + gamma + hnu + light quantum + CHEBI:30212 + + photon + + + + photon + IUPAC + + + + + + Lichtquant + ChEBI + + + + + Light + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + foton + ChEBI + + + + + gamma + IUPAC + + + + + hnu + IUPAC + + + + + hnu + UniProt + + + + + light quantum + ChEBI + - + - - - pigment cell - CL:0000149 - visual pigment cell + + + + Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. + KEGG:C01558 + Bile acid + chebi_ontology + 5beta-bile acid + 5beta-bile acids + Bile salt + Gallensaeure + Gallensaeuren + bile acids + CHEBI:3098 + + bile acid + + + + Bile acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + 5beta-bile acid + ChEBI + + + + + 5beta-bile acids + ChEBI + + + + + Bile salt + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Gallensaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Gallensaeuren + ChEBI + + + + + bile acids + ChEBI + - + - - - - - A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. - CALOHA:TS-2085 - FMA:86494 - CL:0000150 - glandular epithelial cell - - - - - - - - - - A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. - BTO:0003659 - FMA:86916 - CL:0000151 - secretory cell - - - - - - - - - A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. - FMA:16014 - CL:0000152 - exocrine cell - - - - - - - - - - A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. - GAG secreting cell - hyaluronic acid secreting cell - CL:0000153 - glycosaminoglycan secreting cell - - - - - - - - - CL:0000154 - protein secreting cell - - - - - - - - - A cell that specializes in secretion of surfactant in the alveoli of the lung. - CL:0000157 - surfactant secreting cell - - - - - - - - - - Epithelial progenitor cell of the lung. Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. - BTO:0004811 - FMA:14119 - Clara cell - bronchiolar non-ciliated cell - club cell of bronchiole - CL:0000158 - club cell - - - - - - - - - CL:0000159 - seromucus secreting cell - - - - - - - - - A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. - FMA:83809 - endocrinocyte - CL:0000163 - endocrine cell + + + A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. + CHEBI:13814 + CHEBI:22474 + CHEBI:2641 + KEGG:C00706 + Amine + amines + chebi_ontology + Amin + Substituted amine + CHEBI:32952 + + amine + + + + Amine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + amines + IUPAC + + + + + + Amin + ChEBI + + + + + Substituted amine + KEGG_COMPOUND + - + - - - - An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. - BTO:0003865 - FMA:62930 - MESH:D019858 - CL:0000164 - enteroendocrine cell + + + An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + CHEBI:22473 + CHEBI:2633 + KEGG:C00241 + Amide + amides + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:32988 + + amide + + + + Amide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + amides + IUPAC + + - + - - - - - An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals. - BTO:0002691 - FMA:83810 - neurosecretory cell - CL:0000165 - neuroendocrine cell + + + Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33232 + + application - + - - - CL:0000167 - peptide hormone secreting cell + + + A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. + chebi_ontology + atomic entity + monoatomic entities + CHEBI:33238 + + monoatomic entity + + + + atomic entity + ChEBI + + + + + monoatomic entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - BTO:0000783 - CL:0000168 - insulin secreting cell + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + oxoacid derivatives + CHEBI:33241 + + oxoacid derivative + + + + oxoacid derivatives + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell that secretes glucagon. - FMA:84045 - glucagon-secreting cell - CL:0000170 - glucagon secreting cell + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic hydrides + CHEBI:33242 + + inorganic hydride + + + + inorganic hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000172 - somatostatin secreting cell + + + + An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. + chebi_ontology + organic fundamental parents + organic parent hydrides + CHEBI:33245 + + organic fundamental parent + + + + organic fundamental parents + ChEBI + + + + + organic parent hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000174 - steroid hormone secreting cell + + + Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. + chebi_ontology + inorganic groups + CHEBI:33246 + + inorganic group + + + + inorganic groups + ChEBI + - + - - - - - + + - - + + - The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. - BTO:0000575 - CALOHA:TS-0454 - FMA:14515 - CL:0000182 - Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. - hepatocyte + Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. + chebi_ontology + organic groups + CHEBI:33247 + + organic group + + + + organic groups + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose primary function is to shorten. - CL:0000183 - contractile cell + + + Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. + organyl group + organyl groups + chebi_ontology + groupe organyle + grupo organilo + grupos organilo + CHEBI:33249 + + organyl group + + + + organyl group + IUPAC + + + + + + organyl groups + IUPAC + + + + + + groupe organyle + IUPAC + + + + + grupo organilo + IUPAC + + + + + grupos organilo + IUPAC + - + - - - - - - + + - - + + - A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. - BTO:0000888 - BTO:0000902 - CALOHA:TS-2032 - FBbt:00005074 - FMA:67328 - WBbt:0003675 - muscle fiber - myocyte - CL:0000187 - muscle cell + + + + + + + A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. + CHEBI:22671 + CHEBI:23907 + atom + chebi_ontology + atome + atomo + atoms + atomus + element + elements + CHEBI:33250 + + atom + + + + atom + IUPAC + + + + + + atome + IUPAC + + + + + atomo + IUPAC + + + + + atoms + ChEBI + + + + + atomus + ChEBI + + + + + element + ChEBI + + + + + elements + ChEBI + - + - - - - A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. - BTO:0004392 - CALOHA:TS-2158 - FMA:9727 - skeletal muscle cell - CL:0000188 - cell of skeletal muscle + + + + + + + + + A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. + nucleus + chebi_ontology + Atomkern + Kern + noyau + noyau atomique + nuclei + nucleo + nucleo atomico + nucleus atomi + CHEBI:33252 + + atomic nucleus + + + + nucleus + IUPAC + + + + + + Atomkern + ChEBI + + + + + Kern + ChEBI + + + + + noyau + IUPAC + + + + + noyau atomique + ChEBI + + + + + nuclei + ChEBI + + + + + nucleo + IUPAC + + + + + nucleo atomico + ChEBI + + + + + nucleus atomi + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). - CL:0000191 - non-striated muscle cell - BTO:0004576 - CALOHA:TS-2159 - FMA:14072 - SMCs - myocytes, smooth muscle - smooth muscle fiber - CL:0000192 - smooth muscle cell + + + Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. + nucleon + chebi_ontology + Nukleon + Nukleonen + nucleons + CHEBI:33253 + + nucleon + + + + nucleon + IUPAC + + + + + nucleon + IUPAC + + + + + + Nukleon + ChEBI + + + + + Nukleonen + ChEBI + + + + + nucleons + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. - MESH:D011984 - receptor cell - CL:0000197 - sensory receptor cell + + + A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + primary amide + primary amides + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33256 + + primary amide + + + + primary amide + IUPAC + + + + + primary amides + IUPAC + + - + - - - A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. - BTO:0001060 - CALOHA:TS-0868 - FMA:86740 - CL:0000210 - photoreceptor cell + + + A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. + chebi_ontology + homoatomic entity + homoatomic molecular entities + homoatomic molecular entity + CHEBI:33259 + + elemental molecular entity + + + + homoatomic entity + ChEBI + + + + + homoatomic molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + homoatomic molecular entity + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. - CL:0000211 - electrically active cell + + + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33262 + + elemental oxygen - + - - - A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. - boundary cell - CL:0000213 - lining cell + + + 0 + O2 + 31.999 + 31.98983 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33263 + + diatomic oxygen - + - - - - - A cell located in the synovial joint. - CALOHA:TS-0995 - synoviocyte - CL:0000214 - synovial cell + + + + An anion consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic anions + CHEBI:33273 + + polyatomic anion + + + + polyatomic anions + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. - CL:0000215 - barrier cell + + + chebi_ontology + chemical messenger + CHEBI:33280 + + molecular messenger + + + + chemical messenger + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell that moves by its own activities. - CL:0000219 - motile cell + + + A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. + CHEBI:22582 + PMID:12964249 + PMID:22117953 + PMID:22439833 + PMID:22849268 + PMID:22849276 + PMID:22958833 + chebi_ontology + Antibiotika + Antibiotikum + antibiotic + antibiotics + antibiotique + antimicrobial + antimicrobial agents + antimicrobials + microbicide + microbicides + CHEBI:33281 + + antimicrobial agent + + + + PMID:12964249 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22117953 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22439833 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22849268 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22849276 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22958833 + Europe PMC + + + + + Antibiotika + ChEBI + + + + + Antibiotikum + ChEBI + + + + + antibiotic + ChEBI + + + + + antibiotics + ChEBI + + + + + antibiotique + IUPAC + + + + + antimicrobial + ChEBI + + + + + antimicrobial agents + ChEBI + + + + + antimicrobials + ChEBI + + + + + microbicide + ChEBI + + + + + microbicides + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. - FMA:72549 - ectoderm cell - CL:0000221 - ectodermal cell + + + A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. + chebi_ontology + nutrients + CHEBI:33284 + + nutrient + + + + nutrients + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. - FMA:72554 - mesoblast - mesoderm cell - CL:0000222 - mesodermal cell + + + A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. + chebi_ontology + heteroorganic entities + organoelement compounds + CHEBI:33285 + + heteroorganic entity + + + + heteroorganic entities + ChEBI + + + + + organoelement compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. - FMA:72555 - endoderm cell - CL:0000223 - endodermal cell + + + An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. + Wikipedia:Agrochemical + chebi_ontology + agrichemical + agrichemicals + agricultural chemicals + agrochemicals + CHEBI:33286 + + agrochemical + + + + agrichemical + ChEBI + + + + + agrichemicals + ChEBI + + + + + agricultural chemicals + ChEBI + + + + + agrochemicals + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell with more than one nucleus. - AEO:0000203 - WBbt:0008074 - syncitium - syncytial cell - syncytium - CL:0000228 - multinucleate cell + + + A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. + chebi_ontology + fertiliser + fertilizers + CHEBI:33287 + + fertilizer + + + + fertiliser + ChEBI + + + + + fertilizers + ChEBI + - + - - - - + + - - + + - A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. - BTO:0000424 - CALOHA:TS-0290 - FMA:81100 - RBC - red blood cell - CL:0000232 - erythrocyte + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. + chebi_ontology + alkali metal molecular entities + CHEBI:33296 + + alkali metal molecular entity + + + + alkali metal molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - MESH:D005057 - CL:0000255 - eukaryotic cell + + + Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. + pnictogens + chebi_ontology + group 15 elements + group V elements + nitrogenoideos + nitrogenoides + pnictogene + pnictogenes + CHEBI:33300 + + pnictogen + + + + pnictogens + IUPAC + + + + + + group 15 elements + ChEBI + + + + + group V elements + ChEBI + + + + + nitrogenoideos + ChEBI + + + + + nitrogenoides + ChEBI + + + + + pnictogene + ChEBI + + + + + pnictogenes + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000287 - eye photoreceptor cell + + + + + + + + + A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. + pnictogen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + pnictogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33302 + + pnictogen molecular entity + + + + pnictogen molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + pnictogen molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. - CL:0000293 - structural cell + + + Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. + PMID:17084588 + chalcogen + chalcogens + chebi_ontology + Chalkogen + Chalkogene + anfigeno + anfigenos + calcogeno + calcogenos + chalcogene + chalcogenes + group 16 elements + group VI elements + CHEBI:33303 + + chalcogen + + + + PMID:17084588 + Europe PMC + + + + + chalcogen + IUPAC + + + + + + chalcogens + IUPAC + + + + + + Chalkogen + ChEBI + + + + + Chalkogene + ChEBI + + + + + anfigeno + ChEBI + + + + + anfigenos + ChEBI + + + + + calcogeno + ChEBI + + + + + calcogenos + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogene + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogenes + ChEBI + + + + + group 16 elements + ChEBI + + + + + group VI elements + ChEBI + - + - - - Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. - BTO:0003687 - FMA:62511 - serous cell - CL:0000313 - serous secreting cell + + + + + + + + + Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. + chalcogen molecular entity + chebi_ontology + chalcogen compounds + chalcogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33304 + + chalcogen molecular entity + + + + chalcogen molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogen compounds + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogen molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - BTO:0003689 - mucous cell - CL:0000319 - mucus secreting cell + + + group 14 elements + chebi_ontology + carbon group element + carbon group elements + carbonoides + cristallogene + cristallogenes + group IV elements + CHEBI:33306 + + carbon group element atom + + + + group 14 elements + IUPAC + + + + + + carbon group element + ChEBI + + + + + carbon group elements + ChEBI + + + + + carbonoides + ChEBI + + + + + cristallogene + ChEBI + + + + + cristallogenes + ChEBI + + + + + group IV elements + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). - CL:0000325 - - stuff accumulating cell - - - - - - - - - - CL:0000327 - extracellular matrix secreting cell - - - - - - - - - - CL:0000329 - oxygen accumulating cell + + + + An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. + 0 + CO2R2 + 44.010 + 43.98983 + [*]C(=O)O[*] + CHEBI:13204 + CHEBI:23028 + CHEBI:3408 + KEGG:C02391 + Wikipedia:Ester + Carboxylic ester + carboxylic esters + chebi_ontology + a carboxylic ester + carboxylic acid esters + CHEBI:33308 + + carboxylic ester + + + + Carboxylic ester + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + carboxylic esters + IUPAC + + + + + + a carboxylic ester + UniProt + + + + + carboxylic acid esters + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. - FMA:86667 - CL:0000333 - migratory neural crest cell + + + An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. + main group elements + chebi_ontology + Hauptgruppenelement + Hauptgruppenelemente + main group element + CHEBI:33318 + + main group element atom + + + + main group elements + IUPAC + + + + + + Hauptgruppenelement + ChEBI + + + + + Hauptgruppenelemente + ChEBI + + + + + main group element + ChEBI + - + - - - A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. - CL:0000335 - mesenchyme condensation cell + + + + chebi_ontology + oxoacids of sulfur + sulfur oxoacids + CHEBI:33402 + + sulfur oxoacid + + + + oxoacids of sulfur + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur oxoacids + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + - - + + - A cell of the sclera of the eye. - CL:0000347 - scleral cell + chebi_ontology + pnictogen oxoacids + CHEBI:33408 + + pnictogen oxoacid + + + + pnictogen oxoacids + ChEBI + - + - - - - - CL:0000349 - extraembryonic cell + + + + sulfur oxoacid derivative + chebi_ontology + sulfur oxoacid derivatives + CHEBI:33424 + + sulfur oxoacid derivative + + + + sulfur oxoacid derivative + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur oxoacid derivatives + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. - FMA:83028 - trophoblastic cell - CL:0000351 - trophoblast cell + + + + A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. + phosphorus oxoacid + chebi_ontology + Oxosaeure des Phosphors + oxoacids of phosphorus + phosphorus oxoacids + CHEBI:33457 + + phosphorus oxoacid + + + + phosphorus oxoacid + ChEBI + + + + + Oxosaeure des Phosphors + ChEBI + + + + + oxoacids of phosphorus + ChEBI + + + + + phosphorus oxoacids + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. - CL:0000352 - epiblast cell + + + + pnictogen oxoanion + chebi_ontology + pnictogen oxoanions + CHEBI:33459 + + pnictogen oxoanion + + + + pnictogen oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + pnictogen oxoanions + ChEBI + - + - - - An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). - BTO:0001473 - FMA:72551 - blastomere - CL:0000353 - blastoderm cell + + + + + phosphorus oxoanion + chebi_ontology + oxoanions of phosphorus + phosphorus oxoanions + CHEBI:33461 + + phosphorus oxoanion + + + + phosphorus oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + oxoanions of phosphorus + ChEBI + + + + + phosphorus oxoanions + ChEBI + - + - - - - A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. - FMA:86767 - CL:0000355 - Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. - multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell + + + + sulfur oxoanion + chebi_ontology + oxoanions of sulfur + sulfur oxoanions + CHEBI:33482 + + sulfur oxoanion + + + + sulfur oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + oxoanions of sulfur + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur oxoanions + ChEBI + - + - - - - Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. - zygote - BTO:0000854 - EHDAA2:0004546 - FMA:72395 - CL:0000365 - animal zygote + + + + + + + + + chalcogen oxoacid + chebi_ontology + chalcogen oxoacids + CHEBI:33484 + + chalcogen oxoacid + + + + chalcogen oxoacid + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogen oxoacids + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. - CL:0000393 - electrically responsive cell + + + chalcogen oxoanion + chebi_ontology + chalcogen oxoanions + CHEBI:33485 + + chalcogen oxoanion + + + + chalcogen oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogen oxoanions + ChEBI + - + - - - - - CL:0000402 - CNS interneuron + + + chebi_ontology + alkali metal cations + CHEBI:33504 + + alkali metal cation + + + + alkali metal cations + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. - CL:0000404 - electrically signaling cell + + + An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. + CHEBI:25217 + CHEBI:6788 + KEGG:C00050 + PMID:21784043 + Wikipedia:Metal + chebi_ontology + elemental metal + elemental metals + metal element + metal elements + metals + CHEBI:33521 + + metal atom + + + + PMID:21784043 + Europe PMC + + + + + elemental metal + ChEBI + + + + + elemental metals + ChEBI + + + + + metal element + ChEBI + + + + + metal elements + ChEBI + + + + + metals + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose nucleus, or nuclei, each contain more than two haploid genomes. - CL:0000412 - polyploid cell + + + + + + + + + An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. + alpha-amino-acid anion + chebi_ontology + alpha-amino acid anions + alpha-amino-acid anions + CHEBI:33558 + + alpha-amino-acid anion + + + + alpha-amino-acid anion + ChEBI + + + + + alpha-amino acid anions + ChEBI + + + + + alpha-amino-acid anions + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000417 - endopolyploid cell + + + chebi_ontology + s-block element + s-block elements + CHEBI:33559 + + s-block element atom + + + + s-block element + ChEBI + + + + + s-block elements + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000447 - carbohydrate secreting cell + + + Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. + chebi_ontology + p-block element + p-block elements + CHEBI:33560 + + p-block element atom + + + + p-block element + ChEBI + + + + + p-block elements + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000457 - biogenic amine secreting cell + + + Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. + 0 + C6H2O2R4 + 106.079 + 106.00548 + OC1=C(O)C(*)=C(*)C(*)=C1* + CHEBI:134187 + CHEBI:13628 + CHEBI:18862 + KEGG:C15571 + chebi_ontology + 1,2-benzenediols + a catechol + benzene-1,2-diols + CHEBI:33566 + + catechols + + + + 1,2-benzenediols + ChEBI + + + + + a catechol + UniProt + + + + + benzene-1,2-diols + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. - noradrenaline secreting cell - norepinephrin secreting cell - norepinephrine secreting cell - CL:0000459 - noradrenergic cell + + + + 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. + 0 + C8H9NO2R2 + 151.163 + 151.06333 + CHEBI:23056 + CHEBI:3468 + KEGG:C02012 + Catecholamine + catecholamines + chebi_ontology + catecholamines + CHEBI:33567 + + catecholamine + + + + Catecholamine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + catecholamines + IUPAC + + + + + + catecholamines + ChEBI + - + - - - + + - - + + - A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. - BTO:0002064 - FMA:83624 - CL:0000499 - stromal cell + + + + + + + A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. + 0 + C8H11NO3 + InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2 + SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 169.17788 + 169.07389 + NCC(O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 + Beilstein:2210994 + CAS:138-65-8 + Gmelin:863925 + LINCS:LSM-5181 + 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + chebi_ontology + noradrenalina + norepinephrine + CHEBI:33569 + + noradrenaline + + + + Beilstein:2210994 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:138-65-8 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:138-65-8 + NIST Chemistry WebBook + + + + + Gmelin:863925 + Gmelin + + + + + 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + IUPAC + + + + + + noradrenalina + ChEBI + + + + + norepinephrine + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. - FMA:62935 - D cell - CL:0000502 - type D enteroendocrine cell + + + CHEBI:22705 + CHEBI:22711 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33570 + + benzenediols - + - - - An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. - CL:0000506 - enkephalin secreting cell + + + + + + + + + The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline. + 0 + C8H11NO3 + InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/t8-/m1/s1 + SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-MRVPVSSYSA-N + 169.17788 + 169.07389 + NC[C@@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 + Beilstein:2937999 + LINCS:LSM-37072 + Reaxys:2937999 + 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33571 + + (S)-noradrenaline + + + + Beilstein:2937999 + Beilstein + + + + + Reaxys:2937999 + Reaxys + + + + + 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol + IUPAC + + - + - - - A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. - CL:0000507 - endorphin secreting cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. + 0 + CHO2R + 45.01740 + 44.99765 + OC([*])=O + CHEBI:13428 + CHEBI:13627 + CHEBI:23027 + PMID:17147560 + PMID:18433345 + Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid + carboxylic acid + carboxylic acids + chebi_ontology + Carbonsaeure + Carbonsaeuren + Karbonsaeure + RC(=O)OH + acide carboxylique + acides carboxyliques + acido carboxilico + acidos carboxilicos + CHEBI:33575 + + carboxylic acid + + + + PMID:17147560 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18433345 + Europe PMC + + + + + carboxylic acid + IUPAC + + + + + + carboxylic acids + IUPAC + + + + + + Carbonsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Carbonsaeuren + ChEBI + + + + + Karbonsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + RC(=O)OH + IUPAC + + + + + acide carboxylique + IUPAC + + + + + acides carboxyliques + IUPAC + + + + + acido carboxilico + IUPAC + + + + + acidos carboxilicos + IUPAC + - + - - - - - - An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. - BTO:0004108 - FMA:67609 - G cell - CL:0000508 - type G enteroendocrine cell + + + + + + + + + A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. + chebi_ontology + main group compounds + main group molecular entities + CHEBI:33579 + + main group molecular entity + + + + main group compounds + ChEBI + + + + + main group molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. - CL:0000509 - gastrin secreting cell + + + + + + + + + carbon group molecular entity + chebi_ontology + carbon group molecular entities + CHEBI:33582 + + carbon group molecular entity + + + + carbon group molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + carbon group molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. - CL:0000714 - FMA:84797 - cardiac muscle progenitor cell - cardiomyocyte progenitor cell - CL:0000513 - cardiac muscle myoblast + + + Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. + Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound + chebi_ontology + cyclic compounds + CHEBI:33595 + + cyclic compound + + + + cyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. - FMA:84798 - myoblast, smooth muscle - satellite cell - CL:0000514 - smooth muscle myoblast + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + hydrogen compounds + hydrogen molecular entities + CHEBI:33608 + + hydrogen molecular entity + + + + hydrogen compounds + ChEBI + + + + + hydrogen molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. - FMA:84799 - skeletal myoblast - CL:0000515 - skeletal muscle myoblast + + + chebi_ontology + polycyclic compounds + CHEBI:33635 + + polycyclic compound + + + + polycyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. - FMA:87653 - input neuron - CL:0000526 - afferent neuron + + + A molecule that features two fused rings. + chebi_ontology + bicyclic compounds + CHEBI:33636 + + bicyclic compound + + + + bicyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. - output neuron - CL:0000527 - efferent neuron + + + A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. + aromatic compounds + aromatic molecular entity + chebi_ontology + aromatics + aromatische Verbindungen + CHEBI:33655 + + aromatic compound + + + + aromatic compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + aromatic molecular entity + IUPAC + + + + + + aromatics + ChEBI + + + + + aromatische Verbindungen + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000530 - primary neuron + + + + chebi_ontology + organic aromatic compounds + CHEBI:33659 + + organic aromatic compound + + + + organic aromatic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - CL:0000531 - primary sensory neuron + + + + A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. + heteropolycyclic compounds + chebi_ontology + polyheterocyclic compounds + CHEBI:33671 + + heteropolycyclic compound + + + + heteropolycyclic compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + polyheterocyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. - BTO:0000938 - CALOHA:TS-0683 - FBbt:00005106 - FMA:54527 - VHOG:0001483 - WBbt:0003679 - nerve cell - CL:0000540 - These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. - neuron + + + + A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. + heterobicyclic compounds + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33672 + + heterobicyclic compound + + + + heterobicyclic compounds + IUPAC + + - + - - - + + - + + An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. + s-block molecular entity + chebi_ontology + s-block compounds + s-block molecular entities + CHEBI:33674 + + s-block molecular entity + + + + + s-block molecular entity + ChEBI + + + + + s-block compounds + ChEBI + + + + + s-block molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. - FMA:83518 - rubriblast - pronormoblast - CL:0000547 - proerythroblast + A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. + chebi_ontology + p-block compounds + p-block molecular entities + p-block molecular entitiy + CHEBI:33675 + + p-block molecular entity + + + + p-block compounds + ChEBI + + + + + p-block molecular entities + ChEBI + + + + + p-block molecular entitiy + ChEBI + - + - - - CL:0000548 - - animal cell + + + + Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:33692 + + hydrides - + - - - - - - - - - A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. - FMA:83505 - basophilic normoblast - early erythroblast - early normoblast - prorubricyte - CL:0000549 - basophilic erythroblast + + + oxygen hydride + chebi_ontology + hydrides of oxygen + oxygen hydrides + CHEBI:33693 + + oxygen hydride + + + + oxygen hydride + ChEBI + + + + + hydrides of oxygen + ChEBI + + + + + oxygen hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - + + + + A macromolecule formed by a living organism. + biopolymer + chebi_ontology + Biopolymere + biomacromolecules + biopolymers + CHEBI:33694 + + biomacromolecule + + + + + biopolymer + IUPAC + + + + + + Biopolymere + ChEBI + + + + + biomacromolecules + ChEBI + + + + + biopolymers + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + genetically encoded biomacromolecules + genetically encoded biopolymers + information biomacromolecules + information biopolymers + information macromolecule + information macromolecules + CHEBI:33695 + + information biomacromolecule + + + + + genetically encoded biomacromolecules + ChEBI + + + + + genetically encoded biopolymers + ChEBI + + + + + information biomacromolecules + ChEBI + + + + + information biopolymers + ChEBI + + + + + information macromolecule + ChEBI + + + + + information macromolecules + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. - FMA:83506 - intermediate erythroblast - intermediate normoblast - polychromatic erythroblast - polychromatic normoblast - polychromatophilic normoblast - rubricyte - CL:0000550 - polychromatophilic erythroblast + A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. + nucleic acids + chebi_ontology + NA + Nukleinsaeure + Nukleinsaeuren + acide nucleique + acides nucleiques + acido nucleico + acidos nucleicos + CHEBI:33696 + + nucleic acid + + + + nucleic acids + IUPAC + + + + + + NA + ChEBI + + + + + Nukleinsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Nukleinsaeuren + ChEBI + + + + + acide nucleique + ChEBI + + + + + acides nucleiques + ChEBI + + + + + acido nucleico + ChEBI + + + + + acidos nucleicos + ChEBI + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. - FMA:84646 - acidophilic erythroblast - eosinophilic erythroblast - late erythoblast - orthochromatic normoblast - pyknotic eto enrythroblast - CL:0000552 - orthochromatic erythroblast + High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. + CAS:63231-63-0 + ribonucleic acid + ribonucleic acids + chebi_ontology + RNA + RNS + Ribonukleinsaeure + pentosenucleic acids + ribonucleic acids + ribose nucleic acid + yeast nucleic acid + CHEBI:33697 + + ribonucleic acid + + + + CAS:63231-63-0 + ChemIDplus + + + + + ribonucleic acid + IUPAC + + + + + ribonucleic acids + IUPAC + + + + + + RNA + IUPAC + + + + + RNA + UniProt + + + + + RNS + ChEBI + + + + + Ribonukleinsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + pentosenucleic acids + ChemIDplus + + + + + ribonucleic acids + ChEBI + + + + + ribose nucleic acid + ChEBI + + + + + yeast nucleic acid + ChEBI + - + - - + + + chebi_ontology + canonical amino-acid residue + canonical amino-acid residues + common amino acid residues + proteinogenic amino-acid residues + standard amino acid residues + standard amino-acid residues + CHEBI:33700 + + proteinogenic amino-acid residue + + + + + canonical amino-acid residue + ChEBI + + + + + canonical amino-acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + common amino acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + proteinogenic amino-acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + standard amino acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + standard amino-acid residues + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + A cation consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic cations + CHEBI:33702 + + polyatomic cation + + + + + polyatomic cations + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - + + - An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. - BTO:0001173 - CALOHA:TS-0864 - MESH:D012156 - CL:0000558 - reticulocyte + + + + + + + An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. + 0 + C2H4NO2R + 74.05870 + 74.02420 + NC([*])C(O)=O + CHEBI:10208 + CHEBI:13779 + CHEBI:22442 + CHEBI:2642 + KEGG:C00045 + KEGG:C05167 + alpha-amino acid + chebi_ontology + Amino acid + Amino acids + alpha-amino acids + alpha-amino carboxylic acids + CHEBI:33704 + + alpha-amino acid + + + + alpha-amino acid + IUPAC + + + + + + Amino acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Amino acids + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + alpha-amino acids + ChEBI + + + + + alpha-amino acids + JCBN + + + + + alpha-amino carboxylic acids + IUPAC + - + - - - + + - - + + - A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. - angioblast - chondroplast - CL:0000566 - These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. - angioblastic mesenchymal cell + When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. + amino-acid residue + chebi_ontology + amino acid residue + amino-acid residues + CHEBI:33708 + + amino-acid residue + + + + amino-acid residue + IUPAC + + + + + + amino acid residue + ChEBI + + + + + amino-acid residues + JCBN + - + - - - + + + - - + + - One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. - BTO:0001036 - CALOHA:TS-0866 - FMA:67748 - CL:0000573 - retinal cone cell + A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. + CHEBI:13815 + CHEBI:22477 + Wikipedia:Amino_acid + chebi_ontology + Aminocarbonsaeure + Aminokarbonsaeure + Aminosaeure + amino acids + CHEBI:33709 + + amino acid + + + + Aminocarbonsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Aminokarbonsaeure + ChEBI + + + + + Aminosaeure + ChEBI + + + + + amino acids + ChEBI + - + - - - The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. - BTO:0000535 - VHOG:0001534 - WBbt:0006796 - CL:0000586 - germ cell + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + alpha-amino-acid residues + CHEBI:33710 + + alpha-amino-acid residue + + + + alpha-amino-acid residues + ChEBI + - + - - - A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. - CL:0000593 - androgen secreting cell + + + + + + + + + + carbohydrate acid + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate acids + CHEBI:33720 + + carbohydrate acid + + + + carbohydrate acid + ChEBI + + + + + carbohydrate acids + ChEBI + - + - - - + + - - + + - One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. - BTO:0001024 - CALOHA:TS-0870 - FMA:67747 - CL:0000604 - retinal rod cell + carbohydrate acid anion + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate acid anions + CHEBI:33721 + + carbohydrate acid anion + + + + carbohydrate acid anion + ChEBI + + + + + carbohydrate acid anions + ChEBI + - + - - - - A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). - FMA:83625 - MESH:D061354 - acinic cell - acinous cell - CL:0000622 - acinar cell + + + chebi_ontology + canonical nucleoside residues + common nucleoside residues + nucleoside residue + standard nucleoside residues + CHEBI:33791 + + canonical nucleoside residue + + + + canonical nucleoside residues + ChEBI + + + + + common nucleoside residues + CBN + + + + + nucleoside residue + CBN + + + + + standard nucleoside residues + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. - BTO:0002315 - supportive cell - CL:0000630 - supporting cell + + + chebi_ontology + N + Nuc + canonical ribonucleoside residues + common ribonucleoside residue + common ribonucleoside residues + standard ribonucleoside residues + CHEBI:33792 + + canonical ribonucleoside residue + + + + N + CBN + + + + + Nuc + CBN + + + + + canonical ribonucleoside residues + ChEBI + + + + + common ribonucleoside residue + CBN + + + + + common ribonucleoside residues + CBN + + + + + standard ribonucleoside residues + ChEBI + - + - - - An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. - CL:0000667 - collagen secreting cell + + + chebi_ontology + canonical deoxyribonucleoside residues + common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residue + common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residues + dN + dNuc + standard deoxyribonucleoside residues + CHEBI:33793 + + canonical deoxyribonucleoside residue + + + + canonical deoxyribonucleoside residues + ChEBI + + + + + common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residue + CBN + + + + + common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residues + CBN + + + + + dN + CBN + + + + + dNuc + CBN + + + + + standard deoxyribonucleoside residues + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. - CL:0000680 - muscle precursor cell + + + + An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. + CHEBI:64710 + hydroxy compounds + chebi_ontology + organic alcohol + organic hydroxy compounds + CHEBI:33822 + + organic hydroxy compound + + + + hydroxy compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + organic alcohol + ChEBI + + + + + organic hydroxy compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. - FMA:62938 - FMA:83409 - type F enteroendocrine cell - CL:0000696 - PP cell + + + + Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. + chebi_ontology + organic cyclic compounds + CHEBI:33832 + + organic cyclic compound + + + + organic cyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. - neuroepithelial cell - BTO:0004301 - FMA:70557 - CL:0000710 - The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). - neurecto-epithelial cell + + + + A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). + heteroarenes + chebi_ontology + hetarenes + CHEBI:33833 + + heteroarene + + + + heteroarenes + IUPAC + + + + + + hetarenes + IUPAC + - + - - - - A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. - CALOHA:TS-2086 - FMA:63368 - MESH:D053687 - CL:0000723 - somatic stem cell + + + Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. + COMe:PRX000001 + conjugated proteins + chebi_ontology + complex protein + CHEBI:33837 + + conjugated protein + + + + conjugated proteins + IUPAC + + + + + + complex protein + COMe + - + - - - - Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. - BTO:0002916 - CALOHA:TS-2157 - FMA:86936 - CL:0000737 - striated muscle cell + + + A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + Wikipedia:Macromolecule + macromolecule + chebi_ontology + macromolecules + polymer + polymer molecule + polymers + CHEBI:33839 + + macromolecule + + + + macromolecule + IUPAC + + + + + + macromolecules + ChEBI + + + + + polymer + ChEBI + + + + + polymer molecule + IUPAC + + + + + polymers + ChEBI + - + - - - The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. - BTO:0001800 - FMA:67765 - MESH:D012165 - RGC - gangliocyte - ganglion cell of retina - CL:0000740 - retinal ganglion cell + + + + Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. + 0 + C6HOR5 + 89.072 + 89.00274 + C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1*)*)*)*)*)O + CHEBI:13664 + CHEBI:13825 + CHEBI:25969 + CHEBI:2857 + KEGG:C15584 + MetaCyc:Phenols + Wikipedia:Phenols + phenols + chebi_ontology + Aryl alcohol + a phenol + arenols + CHEBI:33853 + + phenols + + + + phenols + IUPAC + + + + + + Aryl alcohol + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + a phenol + UniProt + + + + + arenols + IUPAC + - + - - - - - - - - - - Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. - FMA:83808 - cardiocyte - BTO:0001539 - CALOHA:TS-0115 - FMA:14067 - MESH:D032383 - cardiac muscle fiber - cardiac myocyte - cardiomyocyte - heart muscle cell - CL:0000746 - This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. - cardiac muscle cell + + + A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. + reagent + chebi_ontology + reactif + reactivo + reagents + CHEBI:33893 + + reagent + + + + reagent + IUPAC + + + + + + reactif + IUPAC + + + + + reactivo + IUPAC + + + + + reagents + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. - BTO:0001441 - CALOHA:TS-0647 - MESH:D022423 - CL:0000763 - myeloid cell + + + + A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. + CHEBI:2558 + aldohexose + chebi_ontology + aldohexoses + CHEBI:33917 + + aldohexose + + + + aldohexose + ChEBI + + + + + aldohexoses + ChEBI + - + - - - A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. - CL:0002156 - CALOHA:TS-0290 - FMA:62845 - FMA:83516 - erythropoietic cell - CL:0000764 - Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. - erythroid lineage cell + + + Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. + chebi_ontology + macronutrients + CHEBI:33937 + + macronutrient + + + + macronutrients + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + - - + + - A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. - BTO:0001571 - CALOHA:TS-0289 - FMA:83504 - MESH:D004900 - normoblast - CL:0000765 - erythroblast + + + + + + + An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. + +1 + C10H13N2O + InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2/p+1 + QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 177.22250 + 177.10224 + [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 + 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium + chebi_ontology + serotonin + serotonin cation + CHEBI:350546 + + serotonin(1+) + + + + 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium + IUPAC + + + + + + serotonin + UniProt + + + + + serotonin cation + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. - BTO:0000725 - CALOHA:TS-0448 - MPP - hemopoietic progenitor cell - CL:0000837 - Markers differ between mouse and human. - hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell + + + + chebi_ontology + nitrogen hydrides + CHEBI:35106 + + nitrogen hydride + + + + nitrogen hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - - - A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. - myeloid progenitor cell - BTO:0004730 - CALOHA:TS-2099 - FMA:70339 - CL:0000839 - Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. - myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell + + + Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. + chebi_ontology + azanes + CHEBI:35107 + + azane + + + + azanes + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. - BTO:0000574 - CALOHA:TS-2017 - FMA:70366 - FMA:83598 - haematopoietic cell - haemopoietic cell - hemopoietic cell - CL:0000988 - hematopoietic cell + + + A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. + inhibitor + chebi_ontology + inhibidor + inhibiteur + inhibitors + CHEBI:35222 + + inhibitor + + + + inhibitor + IUPAC + + + + + + inhibidor + ChEBI + + + + + inhibiteur + ChEBI + + + + + inhibitors + ChEBI + - + - - - - A connective tissue cell found in bone. - adiehl - 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z - CL:0001035 - bone cell + + + A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. + catalyst + chebi_ontology + Katalysator + catalizador + catalyseur + CHEBI:35223 + + catalyst + + + + catalyst + IUPAC + + + + + + Katalysator + ChEBI + + + + + catalizador + ChEBI + + + + + catalyseur + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. + amino acid zwitterion + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:35238 + + amino acid zwitterion + + + + + amino acid zwitterion + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. - tmeehan - 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z - CL:0002031 - hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell + A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. + +1 + NR4 + 14.00670 + 14.00307 + [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] + CHEBI:26470 + CHEBI:8693 + KEGG:C06703 + quaternary ammonium ion + chebi_ontology + Quaternary amine + a quaternary ammonium + quaternary ammonium ions + CHEBI:35267 + + quaternary ammonium ion + + + + quaternary ammonium ion + IUPAC + + + + + + Quaternary amine + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + a quaternary ammonium + UniProt + + + + + quaternary ammonium ions + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + - - + + - A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. - tmeehan - 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z - CL:0002032 - This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). - hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell + A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). + chebi_ontology + ammonium ion derivatives + azanium ion derivative + azanium ion derivatives + CHEBI:35274 + + ammonium ion derivative + + + + ammonium ion derivatives + ChEBI + + + + + azanium ion derivative + ChEBI + + + + + azanium ion derivatives + ChEBI + - + - - - - A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. - tmeehan - 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z - BTO:0000028 - CALOHA:TS-0737 - FMA:63032 - acinar cell of pancreas - CL:0002064 - pancreatic acinar cell + + + A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. + +1 + C6H13NO2R + 131.17290 + 131.09463 + C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O + CHEBI:13245 + CHEBI:22227 + CHEBI:2463 + KEGG:C01777 + chebi_ontology + acylcholines + an acylcholine + CHEBI:35287 + + acylcholine + + + + acylcholines + ChEBI + + + + + an acylcholine + UniProt + - + - - - - An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. - tmeehan - 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z - FMA:62939 - CL:0002067 - type A enteroendocrine cell + + + + Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. + 0 + C19H31R + 259.450 + 259.24258 + C12C(C3C(C(CC3)*)(C)CC1)CCC4C2(CCCC4)C + CHEBI:13687 + CHEBI:26768 + CHEBI:9263 + KEGG:C00377 + MetaCyc:Steroids + Steroid + steroids + chebi_ontology + a steroid + CHEBI:35341 + + steroid + + + + Steroid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + steroids + IUPAC + + + + + + a steroid + UniProt + - + - - - Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. - tmeehan - 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z - BTO:0001032 - FMA:14146 - Purkinje cell fiber - Purkinje muscle cell - myocytus conducens cardiacus - CL:0002068 - Purkinje myocyte + + + + CHEBI:24748 + CHEBI:5814 + KEGG:C02159 + chebi_ontology + Hydroxysteroid + hydroxy steroids + hydroxysteroids + CHEBI:35350 + + hydroxy steroid + + + + Hydroxysteroid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + hydroxy steroids + ChEBI + + + + + hydroxysteroids + ChEBI + - + - - - A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z - pacemaker cell - BTO:0004190 - FMA:67101 - P cell - cardiac pacemaker cell - myocytus nodalis - CL:0002072 - nodal myocyte + + + + Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. + organonitrogen compounds + chebi_ontology + organonitrogens + CHEBI:35352 + + organonitrogen compound + + + + organonitrogen compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + organonitrogens + ChEBI + - + - - - Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z - FMA:67142 - CL:0002073 - transitional myocyte + + + Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. + CHEBI:25407 + CHEBI:6984 + KEGG:C06698 + Monosaccharide + monosaccharides + chebi_ontology + Monosaccharid + Monosacharid + monosacarido + monosacaridos + CHEBI:35381 + + monosaccharide + + + + Monosaccharide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + monosaccharides + IUPAC + + + + + + Monosaccharid + ChEBI + + + + + Monosacharid + ChEBI + + + + + monosacarido + ChEBI + + + + + monosacaridos + IUPAC + - + - - - - The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z - FMA:67111 - CL:0002074 - myocardial endocrine cell + + + + An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. + CHEBI:33274 + CHEBI:33436 + oxoanion + chebi_ontology + oxoacid anions + oxoanions + CHEBI:35406 + + oxoanion + + + + oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + oxoacid anions + ChEBI + + + + + oxoanions + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z - FMA:69075 - CL:0002076 - endo-epithelial cell + + + + A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. + chebi_ontology + anti-inflammatory drugs + antiinflammatory agent + antiinflammatory drug + antiinflammatory drugs + CHEBI:35472 + + anti-inflammatory drug + + + + anti-inflammatory drugs + ChEBI + + + + + antiinflammatory agent + ChEBI + + + + + antiinflammatory drug + ChEBI + + + + + antiinflammatory drugs + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z - FMA:69074 - CL:0002077 - ecto-epithelial cell + + + + chebi_ontology + alkali metal salts + CHEBI:35479 + + alkali metal salt + + + + alkali metal salts + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. - tmeehan - 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z - FMA:69076 - epithelial mesenchymal cell - CL:0002078 - meso-epithelial cell + + + natural product fundamental parents + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:35507 + + natural product fundamental parent + + + + natural product fundamental parents + IUPAC + + - + - - - A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. - tmeehan - 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z - FMA:67968 - CL:0002086 - specialized cardiac myocyte + + + + chebi_ontology + steroid fundamental parents + CHEBI:35508 + + steroid fundamental parent + + + + steroid fundamental parents + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. - tmeehan - 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z - BTO:0004850 - FMA:83621 - MESH:D001854 - CL:0002092 - MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. - bone marrow cell + + + 0 + C24H42 + InChI=1S/C24H42/c1-5-8-17(2)20-12-13-21-19-11-10-18-9-6-7-15-23(18,3)22(19)14-16-24(20,21)4/h17-22H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-,18?,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1 + QSHQKIURKJITMZ-BRPMRXRMSA-N + 330.59028 + 330.32865 + [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CCC4CCCC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC + cholane + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:35519 + + cholane + + + + cholane + IUPAC + + - + - - - - A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. - tmeehan - 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z - FMA:18710 - hilar cell of ovary - CL:0002095 - hilus cell of ovary + + + A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. + chebi_ontology + sympathomimetic + sympathomimetics + CHEBI:35524 + + sympathomimetic agent + + + + sympathomimetic + ChEBI + + + + + sympathomimetics + ChEBI + - + - - - A stomal cell of the ovary - tmeehan - 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z - FMA:72299 - ovarian stromal cell - CL:0002132 - stromal cell of ovary + + + A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. + chebi_ontology + cardiovascular agent + cardiovascular drugs + CHEBI:35554 + + cardiovascular drug + + + + cardiovascular agent + ChEBI + + + + + cardiovascular drugs + ChEBI + - + - - - An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. - tmeehan - 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z - BTO:0001854 - CALOHA:TS-1106 - FMA:67755 - vascular endothelial cell - cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree - CL:0002139 - These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. - endothelial cell of vascular tree + + + + An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. + chebi_ontology + alpha-adrenergic agonists + alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist + alpha-adrenoceptor agonists + CHEBI:35569 + + alpha-adrenergic agonist + + + + alpha-adrenergic agonists + ChEBI + + + + + alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist + ChEBI + + + + + alpha-adrenoceptor agonists + IUPHAR + - + - - - - - - - - - - A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. - tmeehan - 2010-08-24T03:38:29Z - FMA:70542 - CL:0002145 - ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree + + + + + A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. + carbon oxoanion + chebi_ontology + carbon oxoanions + oxocarbon anion + oxocarbon anions + CHEBI:35604 + + carbon oxoanion + + + + carbon oxoanion + ChEBI + + + + + carbon oxoanions + ChEBI + + + + + oxocarbon anion + ChEBI + + + + + oxocarbon anions + ChEBI + - + - - - An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. - tmeehan - 2010-08-25T03:22:08Z - CL:1000399 - FMA:62948 - CL:0002178 - epithelial cell of stomach + + + + chebi_ontology + carbon oxoacids + oxoacids of carbon + CHEBI:35605 + + carbon oxoacid + + + + carbon oxoacids + ChEBI + + + + + oxoacids of carbon + ChEBI + - + - - - A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. - tmeehan - 2010-08-25T03:38:51Z - CL:1000404 - FMA:63464 - CL:0002180 - mucous cell of stomach + + + A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. + chebi_ontology + vasodilator + vasodilator agents + CHEBI:35620 + + vasodilator agent + + + + vasodilator + ChEBI + + + + + vasodilator agents + ChEBI + - + - - - An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. - tmeehan - 2010-09-02T02:09:14Z - CL:1000407 - FMA:66816 - CL:0002202 - epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree + + + + + + + + + + Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. + CHEBI:23692 + CHEBI:36172 + CHEBI:4501 + KEGG:C02028 + Dicarboxylic acid + chebi_ontology + dicarboxylic acids + CHEBI:35692 + + dicarboxylic acid + + + + Dicarboxylic acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + dicarboxylic acids + ChEBI + - + - - - An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. - tmeehan - 2010-09-02T02:53:59Z - FMA:69060 - undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree - CL:0002209 - intermediate epitheliocyte + + + + + + + + + dicarboxylic acid anion + chebi_ontology + dicarboxylic acid anions + CHEBI:35693 + + dicarboxylic acid anion + + + + dicarboxylic acid anion + ChEBI + + + + + dicarboxylic acid anions + ChEBI + - + - - - - A fibroblast in the bone marrow. - tmeehan - 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z - FMA:84377 - CL:0002240 - marrow fibroblast + + + A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. + CHEBI:23960 + CHEBI:4859 + KEGG:C00287 + Wikipedia:Ester + Ester + chebi_ontology + esters + CHEBI:35701 + + ester + + + + Ester + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + esters + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell containing at least one nucleus. - tmeehan - 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z - FMA:67513 - CL:0002242 - nucleate cell + + + + chebi_ontology + glycosaminoglycan sulfate + glycosaminoglycan sulfates + sulfated glycosaminoglycans + CHEBI:35722 + + sulfated glycosaminoglycan + + + + glycosaminoglycan sulfate + ChEBI + + + + + glycosaminoglycan sulfates + ChEBI + + + + + sulfated glycosaminoglycans + ChEBI + - + - - - An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. - tmeehan - 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z - CL:0002251 - epithelial cell of alimentary canal + + + + + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate sulfates + carbohydrate sulphates + CHEBI:35724 + + carbohydrate sulfate + + + + carbohydrate sulfates + ChEBI + + + + + carbohydrate sulphates + ChEBI + - + - - - - - A cell that is part of the nervous system. - tmeehan - 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z - CALOHA:TS-2040 - FMA:70333 - CL:0002319 - neural cell + + + + + + + + + A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. + -1 + CO2R + 44.01000 + 43.98983 + [O-]C([*])=O + CHEBI:13657 + CHEBI:25382 + CHEBI:3407 + KEGG:C00060 + chebi_ontology + Carboxylate + Monocarboxylate + a monocarboxylate + monocarboxylates + monocarboxylic acid anions + CHEBI:35757 + + monocarboxylic acid anion + + + + Carboxylate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Monocarboxylate + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + a monocarboxylate + UniProt + + + + + monocarboxylates + ChEBI + + + + + monocarboxylic acid anions + ChEBI + - + - + - - - A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. - tmeehan - 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z - CL:1000406 - CALOHA:TS-2096 - FMA:63875 - MESH:D003239 - CL:0002320 - connective tissue cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. + chebi_ontology + Pi + phosphate + phosphate ions + CHEBI:35780 + + phosphate ion + + + + Pi + ChEBI + + + + + phosphate + ChEBI + + + + + phosphate ions + ChEBI + - + - - - A cell of the embryo. - tmeehan - 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z - CALOHA:TS-0263 - FMA:82840 - FMA:82841 - WBbt:0007028 - CL:0002321 - embryonic cell (metazoa) + + + + pnictogen hydride + chebi_ontology + pnictogen hydrides + CHEBI:35881 + + pnictogen hydride + + + + pnictogen hydride + ChEBI + + + + + pnictogen hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - - An epithelial cell of the bronchus. - tmeehan - 2010-09-20T02:00:00Z - BTO:0002922 - CL:0002328 - bronchial epithelial cell + + + + A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. + chebi_ontology + neurotransmitter agents + CHEBI:35942 + + neurotransmitter agent + + + + neurotransmitter agents + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A fat cell derived from a neural crest cell. - tmeehan - 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z - CL:0002333 - neural crest derived fat cell - - - - - - - - - An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. - tmeehan - 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z - BTO:0004533 - airway epithelial cell - CL:0002368 - respiratory epithelial cell + CHEBI:22867 + CHEBI:50419 + LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 + chebi_ontology + bile acids and derivatives + cholanoids + CHEBI:36078 + + cholanoid + + + + LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 + LIPID MAPS + + + + + bile acids and derivatives + LIPID_MAPS + + + + + cholanoids + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). - tmeehan - 2010-09-24T09:44:42Z - BTO:0001268 - FMA:72300 - WBbt:0008378 - CL:0002371 - - somatic cell + + + + + + + + + A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. + CHEBI:13677 + CHEBI:14911 + proteins + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36080 + + protein + + + + proteins + IUPAC + + - + - - - - A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. - tmeehan - 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z - CL:0000369 - FBbt:00005812 - myotubule - single cell sarcomere - CL:0002372 - myotube + + + + chebi_ontology + bile acid anions + CHEBI:36235 + + bile acid anion + + + + bile acid anions + ChEBI + - + - - - - - A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. - tmeehan - 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z - BTO:0001539 - CALOHA:TS-0115 - FMA:83808 - FMA:84791 - heart cell - CL:0002494 - From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. - cardiocyte + + + A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. + 0 + C24H40O2 + InChI=1S/C24H40O2/c1-16(7-12-22(25)26)19-10-11-20-18-9-8-17-6-4-5-14-23(17,2)21(18)13-15-24(19,20)3/h16-21H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t16-,17?,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1 + RPKLZQLYODPWTM-KBMWBBLPSA-N + 360.57320 + 360.30283 + [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CCC4CCCC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O + CAS:25312-65-6 + Patent:JP2008069152 + Reaxys:13246008 + cholan-24-oic acid + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36237 + + cholanic acid + + + + CAS:25312-65-6 + ChemIDplus + + + + + Reaxys:13246008 + Reaxys + + + + + cholan-24-oic acid + IUPAC + + - + - - - - A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc - tmeehan - 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z - BTO:0002441 - FMA:84639 - CL:0002503 - adventitial cell + + + + 0 + C24H40O2 + InChI=1S/C24H40O2/c1-16(7-12-22(25)26)19-10-11-20-18-9-8-17-6-4-5-14-23(17,2)21(18)13-15-24(19,20)3/h16-21H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1 + RPKLZQLYODPWTM-LVVAJZGHSA-N + 360.57320 + 360.30283 + [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@]1(C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@]3(C)[C@]([H])(CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]1([H])CC2)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O + Beilstein:3214794 + CAS:546-18-9 + LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 + 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid + 5beta-cholanic acid + chebi_ontology + (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid + (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid + 5beta-cholanoic acid + ursocholanic acid + CHEBI:36238 + + 5beta-cholanic acid + + + + Beilstein:3214794 + Beilstein + + + + + CAS:546-18-9 + ChemIDplus + + + + + LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 + LIPID MAPS + + + + + 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid + IUPAC + + + + + + 5beta-cholanic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + 5beta-cholanoic acid + ChemIDplus + + + + + ursocholanic acid + ChemIDplus + - + - - - - An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. - tmeehan - 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z - CL:0002546 - See CL:0002619. - embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell + + + + + + + + + + Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36248 + + 5beta-cholanic acids - + - - - tmeehan - 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z - CL:0002632 - epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract + + + + A salt of a bile acid. + chebi_ontology + bile acid salts + CHEBI:36277 + + bile acid salt + + + + bile acid salts + ChEBI + - + - - - - A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. - tmeehan - 2011-07-11T01:20:35Z - CALOHA:TS-1284 - FMA:86554 - CL:0002659 - glandular cell of stomach + + + + CHEBI:23166 + CHEBI:23211 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36278 + + cholanic acids - + - - - - - - - - - - A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. - tmeehan - 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z - CL:0002672 - retinal progenitor cell + + A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. + nuclear particle + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36347 + + nuclear particle + + + + nuclear particle + IUPAC + + - + - - - + + - - + + - A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. - tmeehan - 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z - CL:0002676 - neural crest derived neuroblast + Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic entities + CHEBI:36357 + + polyatomic entity + + + + polyatomic entities + ChEBI + - + - - - A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. - CL:0005000 - Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. - spinal cord interneuron + + + + An ion consisting of more than one atom. + chebi_ontology + polyatomic ions + CHEBI:36358 + + polyatomic ion + + + + polyatomic ions + ChEBI + - + - - - A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilium. - MCC - multi-ciliated cell - multiciliated cell - multiciliated epithelial cell - CL:0005012 - multi-ciliated epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + phosphorus oxoacid derivative + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36359 + + phosphorus oxoacid derivative + + + + phosphorus oxoacid derivative + ChEBI + - + - - - Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. - CL:0005026 - hepatoblast - https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36360 + + phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives - + - - - Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). - haendel - 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z - scleroblast - CL:0007001 - Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) - skeletogenic cell + + + + + + + + + + Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. + carbonyl compounds + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36586 + + carbonyl compound + + + + carbonyl compounds + IUPAC + + - + - - - + + - - + + - Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. - haendel - 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z - CL:0007004 - premigratory neural crest cell + Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. + oxo compounds + chebi_ontology + organic oxo compounds + CHEBI:36587 + + organic oxo compound + + + + oxo compounds + IUPAC + + + + + + organic oxo compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. - haendel - 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z - CL:0007009 - prechondroblast + + + Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:36735 + + biladienes - + - - - Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. - CL:0008000 - non-striated muscle cell + + + + chalcogen hydride + chebi_ontology + chalcogen hydrides + CHEBI:36902 + + chalcogen hydride + + + + chalcogen hydride + ChEBI + + + + + chalcogen hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - - Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. - CL:0008001 - hematopoietic precursor cell + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic ions + CHEBI:36914 + + inorganic ion + + + + inorganic ions + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. - MESH:D018485 - CL:0008002 - skeletal muscle fiber - skeletal muscle fiber + + + + chebi_ontology + inorganic cations + CHEBI:36915 + + inorganic cation + + + + inorganic cations + ChEBI + - + - - - A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle - FBbt:00005070 - CL:0008007 - visceral muscle cell - visceral muscle cell + + + A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. + CHEBI:23058 + CHEBI:3473 + KEGG:C01373 + Cation + cation + chebi_ontology + Kation + Kationen + cationes + cations + CHEBI:36916 + + cation + + + + Cation + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + cation + ChEBI + + + + + cation + IUPAC + + + + + + Kation + ChEBI + + + + + Kationen + ChEBI + + + + + cationes + ChEBI + + + + + cations + ChEBI + - + - - - - A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. - mesenchyme cell - CL:0008019 - mesenchymal cell + + + chalcocarbonic acid + chalcocarbonic acids + chebi_ontology + chalcocarbonic acids + CHEBI:36961 + + chalcocarbonic acid + + + + chalcocarbonic acid + ChEBI + + + + + chalcocarbonic acids + IUPAC + + + + + + chalcocarbonic acids + ChEBI + - + - - - camera type eye photoreceptor cell - CL:0010009 - camera-type eye photoreceptor cell + + + + An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. + organochalcogen compound + chebi_ontology + organochalcogen compounds + CHEBI:36962 + + organochalcogen compound + + + + organochalcogen compound + ChEBI + + + + + organochalcogen compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - A zygote in a plant or an animal. - MESH:D015053 - CL:0010017 - zygote - zygote - + + + + An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. + PMID:17586126 + organooxygen compound + chebi_ontology + organooxygen compounds + CHEBI:36963 + + organooxygen compound + + + + PMID:17586126 + Europe PMC + + + + + organooxygen compound + ChEBI + + + + + organooxygen compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - MESH:D032386 - CL:0010021 - cardiac myoblast + + + + + + + + + + amino-acid anion + chebi_ontology + amino acid anions + amino-acid anions + CHEBI:37022 + + amino-acid anion + + + + amino-acid anion + ChEBI + + + + + amino acid anions + ChEBI + + + + + amino-acid anions + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. - CL:0011012 - neural crest cell + + + A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. + C12H22O11(C6H10O5)n + CHEBI:24255 + CHEBI:5392 + CAS:9037-91-6 + KEGG:C01379 + Glucan + glucan + chebi_ontology + glucans + CHEBI:37163 + + glucan + + + + CAS:9037-91-6 + ChemIDplus + + + + + Glucan + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + glucan + IUPAC + + + + + + glucans + ChEBI + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. - http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - CL:0011026 - progenitor cell + + + Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. + homopolysaccharide + chebi_ontology + homoglycan + homopolysaccharides + CHEBI:37164 + + homopolysaccharide + + + + homopolysaccharide + IUPAC + + + + + + homoglycan + IUPAC + + + + + homopolysaccharides + ChEBI + - + - - - - A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. - CL:0011115 - Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. - precursor cell + + + chebi_ontology + organic hydrides + CHEBI:37175 + + organic hydride + + + + organic hydrides + ChEBI + - + - - Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. - tmeehan - 2009-12-22T04:23:25Z - eosinophilic - CL:0017502 - acidophilic cytoplasm - - - - - - - - Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. - tmeehan - 2009-12-22T04:24:54Z - CL:0017503 - basophilic cytoplasm - - - - - - - - Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. - tmeehan - 2009-12-28T04:25:23Z - CL:0017504 - polychromatophilic cytoplasm - - - - - - - - A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. - tmeehan - 2009-12-23T10:53:24Z - CL:0017505 - increased nucleus size - - - - - - - - - trophectoderm cell - CL:1000274 - trophectodermal cell - - - - - - - - - A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. - FMA:261279 - CL:1000303 - fibroblast of areolar connective tissue + + + mononuclear parent hydrides + chebi_ontology + mononuclear hydride + mononuclear hydrides + CHEBI:37176 + + mononuclear parent hydride + + + + mononuclear parent hydrides + IUPAC + + + + + + mononuclear hydride + ChEBI + + + + + mononuclear hydrides + IUPAC + - + - - - - A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. - FMA:261285 - CL:1000306 - fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:37246 + + elemental sodium - + - - - - A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. - FMA:261293 - adipocyte of epicardial fat - epicardial fat cell - CL:1000309 - epicardial adipocyte + + + Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. + CHEBI:25425 + CHEBI:7011 + KEGG:C05114 + Mucopolysaccharide + mucopolysaccharides + chebi_ontology + Mucopolysaccharid + Mukopolysaccharid + mucopolisacarido + mucopolisacaridos + CHEBI:37395 + + mucopolysaccharide + + + + Mucopolysaccharide + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + mucopolysaccharides + IUPAC + + + + + + Mucopolysaccharid + ChEBI + + + + + Mukopolysaccharid + ChEBI + + + + + mucopolisacarido + ChEBI + + + + + mucopolisacaridos + IUPAC + - + - - - A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. - FMA:67102 - SA nodal myocyte - SA node cardiac muscle cell - myocyte of sinoatrial node - sinoatrial node cell - sinoatrial node myocyte - sinuatrial node myocyte - CL:1000409 - myocyte of sinoatrial node + + + An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). + CHEBI:13800 + CHEBI:13801 + CHEBI:22209 + CHEBI:2426 + KEGG:C00174 + Acid + acid + chebi_ontology + Saeure + Saeuren + acide + acido + acids + CHEBI:37527 + + acid + + + + Acid + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + acid + IUPAC + + + + + + Saeure + ChEBI + + + + + Saeuren + ChEBI + + + + + acide + IUPAC + + + + + acido + ChEBI + + + + + acids + ChEBI + - + - - - - A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. - FMA:67106 - AV nodal myocyte - AV node cardiac muscle cell - AV node cell - atrioventricular node cell - atrioventricular node myocyte - CL:1000410 - myocyte of atrioventricular node + + + A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. + chebi_ontology + chemical compound + heteroatomic molecular entities + CHEBI:37577 + + heteroatomic molecular entity + + + + chemical compound + ChEBI + + + + + heteroatomic molecular entities + ChEBI + - + - - - + + + + - - + + - An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. - FMA:86481 - epithelial cell of bile duct - CL:1000488 - cholangiocyte - - - - - - - - - An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. - FMA:70986 - exocrine pancreas cell - CL:1001433 - epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas - - - - - - - - - - - Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. - BTO:0000028 - CALOHA:TS-1242 - exocrine pancreas glandular cell - pancreas exocrine glandular cells - CL:1001599 - pancreas exocrine glandular cell - - - - - - - - - - Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. - TermGenie - 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z - CL:2000022 - cardiac septum cell - - - - - - - - - Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. - TermGenie - 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z - CL:2000029 - central nervous system neuron + An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. + 0 + CNOR3 + 42.01680 + 41.99799 + [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] + CHEBI:35354 + CHEBI:35355 + carboxamides + chebi_ontology + carboxamides + primary carboxamide + CHEBI:37622 + + carboxamide + + + + carboxamides + IUPAC + + + + + + carboxamides + ChEBI + + + + + primary carboxamide + ChEBI + - + - - - environmental material + + + + + + + + + sulfuric acid derivative + chebi_ontology + sulfuric acid derivatives + CHEBI:37826 + + sulfuric acid derivative + + + + sulfuric acid derivative + ChEBI + + + + + sulfuric acid derivatives + ChEBI + - + - - - environmental system + + + + + + + + + A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. + carboacyl groups + carboxylic acyl group + chebi_ontology + carboxylic acyl groups + CHEBI:37838 + + carboacyl group + + + + carboacyl groups + IUPAC + + + + + + carboxylic acyl group + IUPAC + + + + + + carboxylic acyl groups + IUPAC + - + - - - outer space + + + An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. + chebi_ontology + adrenergic agonists + adrenergic receptor agonist + adrenoceptor agonists + adrenomimetic + adrenomimetics + CHEBI:37886 + + adrenergic agonist + + + + adrenergic agonists + ChEBI + + + + + adrenergic receptor agonist + ChEBI + + + + + adrenoceptor agonists + IUPHAR + + + + + adrenomimetic + ChEBI + + + + + adrenomimetics + ChEBI + - + - - - radiation + + + Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. + chebi_ontology + adrenergic agents + adrenergic drug + adrenergic drugs + adrenergic neuron agents + adrenergics + CHEBI:37962 + + adrenergic agent + + + + adrenergic agents + ChEBI + + + + + adrenergic drug + ChEBI + + + + + adrenergic drugs + ChEBI + + + + + adrenergic neuron agents + ChEBI + + + + + adrenergics + ChEBI + - + - - - energy transfer process + + + A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. + Beilstein:8538310 + chebi_ontology + PPys + poly(pyrrole)s + polypyrroles + CHEBI:38077 + + polypyrrole + + + + Beilstein:8538310 + Beilstein + + + + + PPys + ChEBI + + + + + poly(pyrrole)s + ChEBI + + + + + polypyrroles + ChEBI + - + - - - environmental system process + + + + Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. + chebi_ontology + heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds + organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds + CHEBI:38101 + + organonitrogen heterocyclic compound + + + + heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds + ChEBI + + + + + organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - material transport process + + + + CHEBI:25429 + CHEBI:38075 + chebi_ontology + organic heteropolycyclic compounds + CHEBI:38166 + + organic heteropolycyclic compound + + + + organic heteropolycyclic compounds + ChEBI + - + - - - The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. - GO:0019952 - GO:0050876 - Wikipedia:Reproduction - reproductive physiological process - biological_process - GO:0000003 - - - - - - - reproduction + + + chebi_ontology + polycyclic heteroarenes + CHEBI:38180 + + polycyclic heteroarene - - - The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:jl - ISBN:0198506732 + + + polycyclic heteroarenes + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - glycan biosynthesis - glycan biosynthetic process - polysaccharide anabolism - polysaccharide biosynthesis - polysaccharide formation - polysaccharide synthesis - biological_process - GO:0000271 - polysaccharide biosynthetic process + + + Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. + chebi_ontology + cholinergic agent + cholinergic drugs + cholinomimetic + CHEBI:38323 + + cholinergic drug - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - GOC:go_curators + + + cholinergic agent + ChEBI + + + + + cholinergic drugs + ChEBI + + + + + cholinomimetic + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - GO:0044244 - polysaccharide breakdown - polysaccharide catabolism - polysaccharide degradation - multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0000272 - polysaccharide catabolic process + + + Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. + chebi_ontology + acetylcholine agonist + acetylcholine agonists + acetylcholine receptor agonist + cholinergic agonists + cholinomimetic + cholinomimetics + CHEBI:38324 + + cholinergic agonist - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - PMID:33139480 + + + acetylcholine agonist + ChEBI + + + + + acetylcholine agonists + ChEBI + + + + + acetylcholine receptor agonist + IUPHAR + + + + + cholinergic agonists + ChEBI + + + + + cholinomimetic + ChEBI + + + + + cholinomimetics + ChEBI - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). - skeletal development - biological_process - GO:0001501 - skeletal system development + + + Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. + chebi_ontology + muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist + muscarinic agonists + muscarinic cholinergic agonist + muscarinic cholinergic agonists + CHEBI:38325 + + muscarinic agonist - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). - GOC:dph - GOC:jid - GOC:tb + + + muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist + ChEBI + + + + + muscarinic agonists + ChEBI + + + + + muscarinic cholinergic agonist + ChEBI + + + + + muscarinic cholinergic agonists + ChEBI - + - - - The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - Wikipedia:Ossification - bone biosynthesis - bone formation - osteogenesis - biological_process - GO:0001503 - Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'. - ossification + + + CHEBI:22503 + CHEBI:24792 + chebi_ontology + aminoalkylindoles + CHEBI:38631 + + aminoalkylindole - - - The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - GOC:mtg_mpo - PMID:17572649 + + + aminoalkylindoles + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. - Wikipedia:Angiogenesis - blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels - biological_process - GO:0001525 - angiogenesis + + + + organic sodium salt + chebi_ontology + organic sodium salts + CHEBI:38700 + + organic sodium salt - - - Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. - ISBN:0878932453 + + + organic sodium salt + ChEBI - - - blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels - + + + organic sodium salts + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. - biological_process - GO:0001568 - blood vessel development + + + Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. + carboxylic acid dianion + chebi_ontology + carboxylic acid dianions + CHEBI:38716 + + carboxylic acid dianion - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. - GOC:hjd - UBERON:0001981 + + + carboxylic acid dianion + ChEBI + + + + + carboxylic acid dianions + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. - patterning of blood vessels - biological_process - GO:0001569 - branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. + CHEBI:24795 + CHEBI:5901 + KEGG:C06073 + Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid + Indole alkaloid + chebi_ontology + indole alkaloids + CHEBI:38958 + + indole alkaloid - - - The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. - GOC:dph + + + Indole alkaloid + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - patterning of blood vessels - GOC:dph + + + indole alkaloids + ChEBI - + - - - A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. - Wikipedia:Thermoregulation - thermoregulation - biological_process - GO:0001659 - temperature homeostasis + + + + A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). + Bronsted acid + chebi_ontology + Bronsted-Saeure + acide de Bronsted + donneur d'hydron + hydron donor + CHEBI:39141 + + Bronsted acid - - - A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. - GOC:jl + + + Bronsted acid + IUPAC + - - - thermoregulation - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + Bronsted-Saeure + ChEBI - - - - - - - - Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. - ameboid cell migration - amoeboid cell migration - amoeboidal cell migration - biological_process - GO:0001667 - Note that this term refers to a mode of migration rather than to any particular cell type. - ameboidal-type cell migration - - - - Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. - GOC:dph + + + acide de Bronsted + IUPAC + + + + + donneur d'hydron + IUPAC + + + + + hydron donor + IUPAC - + - - - - The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - hydrochloric acid secretion - biological_process - GO:0001696 - gastric acid secretion + + + + A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). + Bronsted base + chebi_ontology + Bronsted-Base + accepteur d'hydron + base de Bronsted + hydron acceptor + CHEBI:39142 + + Bronsted base - - - The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - GOC:hjd + + + Bronsted base + IUPAC + + + + + + Bronsted-Base + ChEBI + + + + + accepteur d'hydron + IUPAC + + + + + base de Bronsted + IUPAC + + + + + hydron acceptor + IUPAC - + - - - - - - - - - The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. - biological_process - GO:0001704 - formation of primary germ layer + + + + A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. + Lewis base + chebi_ontology + Lewis-Base + base de Lewis + donneur d'une paire d'electrons + electron donor + CHEBI:39144 + + Lewis base - - - The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. - GOC:go_curators + + + Lewis base + IUPAC + + + + + + Lewis-Base + ChEBI + + + + + base de Lewis + IUPAC + + + + + donneur d'une paire d'electrons + ChEBI + + + + + electron donor + ChEBI - + - - + + + - - + + - The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. - biological_process - GO:0001705 - ectoderm formation - - - - - The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - - + + - The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. - endoblast formation - biological_process - GO:0001706 - endoderm formation + A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. + -1 + H2O4P + InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1 + NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 96.98724 + 96.96962 + [H]OP([O-])(=O)O[H] + CHEBI:29137 + CHEBI:39739 + DrugBank:DB02831 + Gmelin:1999 + PDBeChem:2HP + dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) + dihydrogenphosphate + dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) + dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) + dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) + chebi_ontology + DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION + H2PO4(-) + [PO2(OH)2](-) + CHEBI:39745 + + dihydrogenphosphate - - - The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. - GOC:go_curators + + + Gmelin:1999 + Gmelin - - - endoblast formation - GOC:dph - GOC:sdb_2009 - GOC:tb + + + dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydrogenphosphate + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) + IUPAC + + + + + + dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + H2PO4(-) + IUPAC + + + + + [PO2(OH)2](-) + IUPAC - + - - + + - - + + - The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. - biological_process - GO:0001707 - mesoderm formation + -2 + CO3 + InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-2 + BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L + 60.00890 + 59.98584 + [O-]C([O-])=O + CHEBI:29201 + CHEBI:41605 + Beilstein:3600898 + CAS:3812-32-6 + Gmelin:1559 + PDBeChem:CO3 + carbonate + trioxidocarbonate(2-) + chebi_ontology + CARBONATE ION + CO3(2-) + Karbonat + [CO3](2-) + CHEBI:41609 + + carbonate - - - The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. - GOC:go_curators + + + Beilstein:3600898 + Beilstein - - - - - - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. - branching morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0001763 - morphogenesis of a branching structure - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. - ISBN:0721662544 + + + CAS:3812-32-6 + ChemIDplus - + + + Gmelin:1559 + Gmelin + + + - branching morphogenesis - GOC:dph + carbonate + IUPAC + + + + + trioxidocarbonate(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + + CARBONATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + CO3(2-) + ChEBI + + + + + Karbonat + ChEBI + + + + + [CO3](2-) + IUPAC - + - - - - The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. - 5-HT secretion - 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion - biological_process - serotonin release - GO:0001820 - serotonin secretion + + + 0 + HO + 17.00734 + 17.00274 + *O[H] + CHEBI:24706 + CHEBI:43171 + PDBeChem:OH + HYDROXY GROUP + hydroxy + hydroxy group + chebi_ontology + -OH + hydroxyl + hydroxyl group + CHEBI:43176 + + hydroxy group - - - The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. - GOC:ef - ISBN:0198506732 - ISBN:0781735149 + + + HYDROXY GROUP + PDBeChem - + + + hydroxy + IUPAC + + + + + + hydroxy group + UniProt + + + - serotonin release - GOC:tb + -OH + IUPAC + + + + + hydroxyl + ChEBI + + + + + hydroxyl group + ChEBI - + - - + + + - - + + - The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. - biological_process - GO:0001838 - embryonic epithelial tube formation - - - - - The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. - GOC:dph - ISBN:0824072820 - - - - - - - - - - + + - The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. - GO:0001679 - Wikipedia:Neurulation - neural tube morphogenesis - neurulation - biological_process - GO:0001841 - neural tube formation + + + + + + + + + + + + + A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. + -2 + HO4P + InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-2 + NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L + 95.97930 + 95.96234 + OP([O-])([O-])=O + CHEBI:29139 + CHEBI:43470 + Gmelin:1998 + MolBase:1628 + PDBeChem:PI + PDBeChem:PO4 + hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) + hydrogenphosphate + hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) + hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) + hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) + chebi_ontology + HPO4(2-) + HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION + INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP + [P(OH)O3](2-) + [PO3(OH)](2-) + hydrogen phosphate + phosphate + CHEBI:43474 + + hydrogenphosphate - - - The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. - GOC:dph - ISBN:0878932437 + + + Gmelin:1998 + Gmelin - + - neural tube morphogenesis - GOC:dph + hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) + IUPAC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. - biological_process - vascular system development - GO:0001944 - vasculature development - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. - GOC:dph - UBERON:0002409 + + + hydrogenphosphate + IUPAC + - - - - - - - - Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. - Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification - dermal ossification - biological_process - intramembranous bone ossification - GO:0001957 - An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division. - intramembranous ossification - - - - Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. - ISBN:0878932437 + + + hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) + IUPAC + - - - dermal ossification - GO_REF:0000034 + + + hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) + IUPAC + - + + + hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) + IUPAC + + + + - intramembranous bone ossification - GOC:cjm + HPO4(2-) + IUPAC + + + + + HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION + PDBeChem + + + + + INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP + PDBeChem + + + + + [P(OH)O3](2-) + MolBase + + + + + [PO3(OH)](2-) + IUPAC + + + + + hydrogen phosphate + ChEBI + + + + + phosphate + UniProt - + - - + + - - + + - The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. - epithelium morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0002009 - morphogenesis of an epithelium + + + + + + + -1 + HO4S + InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-1 + QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M + 97.07154 + 96.96010 + [H]OS([O-])(=O)=O + CHEBI:29199 + CHEBI:45693 + Gmelin:2121 + hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) + hydrogensulfate + hydrogensulfate(1-) + hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) + hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) + hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) + chebi_ontology + HSO4(-) + HYDROGEN SULFATE + [SO3(OH)](-) + CHEBI:45696 + + hydrogensulfate - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. - GOC:dph - GOC:jl - GOC:tb - ISBN:0198506732 + + + Gmelin:2121 + Gmelin + + + + + hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogensulfate + IUPAC + + + + + hydrogensulfate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) + IUPAC + + + + + + hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) + IUPAC + + + + + + HSO4(-) + IUPAC + + + + + HYDROGEN SULFATE + PDBeChem + + + + + [SO3(OH)](-) + IUPAC - + - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. - cardiac chronotropy - regulation of heart contraction rate - regulation of rate of heart contraction - biological_process - GO:0002027 - regulation of heart rate + + + 0 + O + 15.99940 + 15.99491 + O=* + CHEBI:29353 + CHEBI:44607 + PDBeChem:O + OXO GROUP + oxo + chebi_ontology + =O + CHEBI:46629 + + oxo group - - - Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - PMID:10358008 + + + OXO GROUP + PDBeChem - + - cardiac chronotropy - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + oxo + IUPAC + + + + + + =O + IUPAC - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. - up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation - up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation - upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation - activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation - stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation - biological_process - GO:0002053 - positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + + + + A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. + Wikipedia:Solvent + chebi_ontology + Loesungsmittel + solvant + solvents + CHEBI:46787 + + solvent - - - The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. - GOC:dph + + + Loesungsmittel + ChEBI + + + + + solvant + ChEBI + + + + + solvents + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + 0 + CHO2 + 45.01744 + 44.99765 + *C(=O)O + CHEBI:23025 + CHEBI:41420 + PDBeChem:FMT + CARBOXY GROUP + carboxy + chebi_ontology + -C(O)OH + -CO2H + -COOH + carboxyl group + CHEBI:46883 + + carboxy group + + + + + CARBOXY GROUP + PDBeChem + + + + + carboxy + IUPAC + + + + + + -C(O)OH + IUPAC + + + + + -CO2H + ChEBI + + + + + -COOH + IUPAC + + + + + carboxyl group + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - + + - A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. - neurological control of breathing - regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process - biological_process - GO:0002087 - regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process + Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. + 0 + C2H3O2R + 59.04400 + 59.01330 + CC(=O)O[*] + CHEBI:13244 + CHEBI:13799 + CHEBI:22189 + CHEBI:2406 + KEGG:C01883 + Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters + chebi_ontology + Acetic ester + Acetyl ester + acetate + acetate esters + acetates + acetyl esters + an acetyl ester + CHEBI:47622 + + acetate ester - - - A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - PMID:12458206 + + + Acetic ester + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - neurological control of breathing - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + Acetyl ester + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + acetate + ChEBI + + + + + acetate esters + ChEBI + + + + + acetates + ChEBI + + + + + acetyl esters + ChEBI + + + + + an acetyl ester + UniProt - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - biological_process - GO:0002119 - nematode larval development + + + + + + + + + + Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. + chebi_ontology + steroid acids + CHEBI:47891 + + steroid acid - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - GOC:ems - GOC:kmv + + + steroid acids + ChEBI - + - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. - biological_process - GO:0002164 - larval development + + + + chebi_ontology + Schwefeloxide + oxides of sulfur + sulfur oxides + CHEBI:48154 + + sulfur oxide - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. - GOC:jid - ISBN:0877795088 + + + Schwefeloxide + ChEBI + + + + + oxides of sulfur + ChEBI + + + + + sulfur oxides + ChEBI - + - - - An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. - immune response in organ or tissue - biological_process - GO:0002251 - organ or tissue specific immune response + + + A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. + polar solvent + chebi_ontology + polar solvents + CHEBI:48354 + + polar solvent - - - An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. - GOC:jal - GO_REF:0000022 + + + polar solvent + IUPAC + + + + + + polar solvents + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. - - Wikipedia:Immune_system - biological_process - GO:0002376 - - - - - - - Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). - immune system process + + + + A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. + protogenic solvent + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:48356 + + protic solvent - - - Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. - GOC:add - GO_REF:0000022 + + + protogenic solvent + IUPAC + - + - - - An immune response taking place in the liver. - biological_process - GO:0002384 - hepatic immune response + + + Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. + chebi_ontology + alpha-adrenergic drugs + CHEBI:48539 + + alpha-adrenergic drug - - - An immune response taking place in the liver. - GOC:jal - GO_REF:0000022 - ISBN:0781735149 + + + alpha-adrenergic drugs + ChEBI - + - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. - biological_process - GO:0002520 - - immune system development + + + Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. + agonist + chebi_ontology + agonista + agoniste + agonists + CHEBI:48705 + + agonist - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. - GOC:add - GOC:dph + + + agonist + IUPAC + + + + + + agonista + ChEBI + + + + + agoniste + ChEBI + + + + + agonists + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - biological_process - GO:0002682 - regulation of immune system process + 0 + H + InChI=1S/H + YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N + 1.00794 + 1.00783 + [H] + CHEBI:24634 + CHEBI:49636 + WebElements:H + hydrogen + chebi_ontology + 1H + H + Wasserstoff + hidrogeno + hydrogen + hydrogene + CHEBI:49637 + + hydrogen atom - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - GOC:add + + + hydrogen + IUPAC + + + + + + 1H + IUPAC + + + + + H + IUPAC + + + + + Wasserstoff + ChEBI + + + + + hidrogeno + ChEBI + + + + + hydrogen + ChEBI + + + + + hydrogene + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - down regulation of immune system process - down-regulation of immune system process - downregulation of immune system process - inhibition of immune system process - biological_process - GO:0002683 - negative regulation of immune system process + + + + + + + A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. + chebi_ontology + organic amino compounds + CHEBI:50047 + + organic amino compound - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - GOC:add + + + organic amino compounds + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - up regulation of immune system process - up-regulation of immune system process - upregulation of immune system process - activation of immune system process - stimulation of immune system process - biological_process - GO:0002684 - positive regulation of immune system process + Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. + chebi_ontology + steroid acid anions + CHEBI:50160 + + steroid acid anion - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. - GOC:add + + + steroid acid anions + ChEBI - + - - - - The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. - biological_process - GO:0002790 - peptide secretion + + + chebi_ontology + canonical nucleotide residues + CHEBI:50297 + + canonical nucleotide residue - - - The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:add + + + canonical nucleotide residues + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - biological_process - GO:0002791 - regulation of peptide secretion + + + chebi_ontology + canonical deoxyribonucleotide residues + CHEBI:50298 + + canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - GOC:add + + + canonical deoxyribonucleotide residues + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - down regulation of peptide secretion - down-regulation of peptide secretion - downregulation of peptide secretion - inhibition of peptide secretion - biological_process - GO:0002792 - negative regulation of peptide secretion + + + chebi_ontology + canonical ribonucleotide residues + CHEBI:50299 + + canonical ribonucleotide residue - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - GOC:add + + + canonical ribonucleotide residues + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - up regulation of peptide secretion - up-regulation of peptide secretion - upregulation of peptide secretion - activation of peptide secretion - stimulation of peptide secretion - biological_process - GO:0002793 - positive regulation of peptide secretion + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:50312 + + onium compound - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. - GOC:add - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. - puberty - biological_process - reproductive developmental process - GO:0003006 - developmental process involved in reproduction + + + Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. + onium cations + chebi_ontology + onium cations + onium ion + onium ions + CHEBI:50313 + + onium cation - - - A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete + + + onium cations + IUPAC + - - - puberty - GOC:dph + + + onium cations + ChEBI - + - reproductive developmental process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + onium ion + ChEBI + + + + + onium ions + ChEBI - + - - - A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. - organ system process - biological_process - GO:0003008 - system process + + + chebi_ontology + nucleotide residues + CHEBI:50319 + + nucleotide residue - - - A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. - GOC:mtg_cardio + + + nucleotide residues + ChEBI - + - - - A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. - biological_process - muscle physiological process - GO:0003012 - - - muscle system process + + + chebi_ontology + nucleoside residues + CHEBI:50320 + + nucleoside residue - - - A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. - GOC:mtg_cardio + + + nucleoside residues + ChEBI - + - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. - Wikipedia:Circulatory_system - biological_process - GO:0003013 - - - circulatory system process + + + Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:50514 + + vasoconstrictor agent - - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. - GOC:mtg_cardio - - + - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). - excretory system process - biological_process - kidney system process - GO:0003014 - - renal system process + + + + + + + + + Any molecular entity that contains carbon. + CHEBI:25700 + CHEBI:33244 + chebi_ontology + organic compounds + organic entity + organic molecular entities + CHEBI:50860 + + organic molecular entity - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). - GOC:cjm - GOC:mtg_cardio - GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + + + organic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + organic entity + ChEBI + + + + + organic molecular entities + ChEBI - + - - - A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. - biological_process - cardiac process - GO:0003015 - heart process + + + A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:50906 + + role - - - - A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. - GOC:mtg_cardio - - + - - - - - - - - - A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. - GO:0010802 - respiratory gaseous exchange - biological_process - GO:0003016 - - respiratory system process + + + + A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. + CHEBI:50911 + Wikipedia:Neurotoxin + chebi_ontology + agente neurotoxico + nerve poison + nerve poisons + neurotoxic agent + neurotoxic agents + neurotoxicant + neurotoxins + CHEBI:50910 + + neurotoxin - - - A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. - GOC:dph - GOC:mtg_cardio - GOC:tb + + + agente neurotoxico + ChEBI + + + + + nerve poison + ChEBI + + + + + nerve poisons + ChEBI + + + + + neurotoxic agent + ChEBI + + + + + neurotoxic agents + ChEBI + + + + + neurotoxicant + ChEBI + + + + + neurotoxins + ChEBI - + - - - A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. - molecular process - GO:0005554 - molecular function - molecular_function - GO:0003674 - - - - - - - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. - molecular_function + + + + + + + + + A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. + chebi_ontology + primary amino compounds + CHEBI:50994 + + primary amino compound - - - A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. - GOC:pdt + + + primary amino compounds + ChEBI - + - - - catalytic activity + + + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51086 + + chemical role - + - - - A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). - The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. - GO:0008372 - NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 - cell or subcellular entity - cellular component - cellular_component - subcellular entity - GO:0005575 - - - - - - - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. - cellular_component + + + + + + + + + CHEBI:25556 + CHEBI:7594 + KEGG:C06061 + chebi_ontology + Nitrogenous compounds + nitrogen compounds + nitrogen molecular entities + CHEBI:51143 + + nitrogen molecular entity - - - A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). - GOC:pdt - NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 + + + Nitrogenous compounds + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. - GOC:go_curators + + + nitrogen compounds + ChEBI - + - subcellular entity - NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 + nitrogen molecular entities + ChEBI - + - - - The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. - Wikipedia:Extracellular - extracellular - cellular_component - GO:0005576 - - - - - - - - - - - - Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. - extracellular region + + + An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. + chebi_ontology + dipolar compounds + CHEBI:51151 + + dipolar compound - - - The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. - GOC:go_curators + + + dipolar compounds + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. - fibrinogen - fibrinogen alpha chain - fibrinogen beta chain - fibrinogen gamma chain - cellular_component - GO:0005577 - fibrinogen complex + + + Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). + chebi_ontology + organodiyl groups + CHEBI:51422 + + organodiyl group - - - A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. - ISBN:0198547684 + + + organodiyl groups + ChEBI - + - - - A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. - Wikipedia:Collagen - cellular_component - GO:0005581 - collagen trimer + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51446 + + organic divalent group - - - - A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. - GOC:dos - GOC:mah - ISBN:0721639976 - PMID:19693541 - PMID:21421911 - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. - cellular_component - GO:0005583 - fibrillar collagen trimer + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:51447 + + organic univalent group - - - - Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. - GOC:mah - ISBN:0721639976 - PMID:21421911 - - + - - - A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils. - Wikipedia:Collagen_type_II - cellular_component - GO:0005585 - collagen type II trimer + + + + chebi_ontology + organic polycyclic compounds + CHEBI:51958 + + organic polycyclic compound - - - A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils. - ISBN:0721639976 + + + organic polycyclic compounds + ChEBI - + - - - - A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. - Wikipedia:Collagen_type_IV - cellular_component - GO:0005587 - collagen type IV trimer + + + A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:52206 + + biochemical role + + + + + + + + + A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. + chebi_ontology + etiopathogenetic agent + etiopathogenetic role + CHEBI:52209 + + aetiopathogenetic role - - - A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. - ISBN:0721639976 - PMID:19693541 - PMID:21421911 + + + etiopathogenetic agent + ChEBI + + + + + etiopathogenetic role + ChEBI - + - - - A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. - GO:0005605 - GO:0008003 - Wikipedia:Basement_membrane - cellular_component - basal lamina - basement lamina - lamina densa - GO:0005604 - Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane ; GO:0016020' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. - basement membrane + + + A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:52210 + + pharmacological role + + + + + + + + + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:52211 + + physiological role + + + + + + + + + Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. + CHEBI:33293 + CHEBI:33294 + chebi_ontology + farmaco + medicament + pharmaceuticals + CHEBI:52217 + + pharmaceutical - - - A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. - ISBN:0198547684 - PMID:22505934 + + + farmaco + ChEBI + + + + + medicament + ChEBI + + + + + pharmaceuticals + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. - NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079 - cellular_component - intercellular space - GO:0005615 - - - - - Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term. - extracellular space + + + An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. + chebi_ontology + cyclic organic groups + CHEBI:52845 + + cyclic organic group - - - That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. - ISBN:0198547684 + + + cyclic organic groups + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776 - Wikipedia:Intracellular - internal to cell - intracellular - protoplasm - cellular_component - nucleocytoplasm - protoplast - GO:0005622 - - - - - intracellular anatomical structure + + + The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. + chebi_ontology + antigenic determinant + epitope function + epitope role + CHEBI:53000 + + epitope - - - A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + antigenic determinant + ChEBI - + - nucleocytoplasm - GOC:mah + epitope function + ChEBI - + - protoplast - GOC:mah + epitope role + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023 - Wikipedia:Cytoplasm - cellular_component - GO:0005737 - - - - - - - - cytoplasm + + + A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. + chebi_ontology + polyanion + polyanions + CHEBI:53309 + + polyanionic macromolecule - - - The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. - ISBN:0198547684 + + + polyanion + ChEBI + + + + + polyanions + SUBMITTER - + - - - A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. - Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton - cellular_component - GO:0005856 - - - - - - - - - - - - cytoskeleton + + + A macromolecule containing ionic groups. + chebi_ontology + ionic polymer + polyionic macromolecule + CHEBI:53368 + + ionic macromolecule - - - A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. - GOC:mah - PMID:16959967 - PMID:27419875 + + + ionic polymer + ChEBI + + + + + polyionic macromolecule + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. - FMA:63850 - NIF_Subcellular:sao1588493326 - Wikipedia:Actin - microfilament - cellular_component - GO:0005884 - actin filament + + + A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. + 0 + C153H225N43O49S + InChI=1S/C153H225N43O49S/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166)/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-/m0/s1 + MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N + 3482.74700 + 3480.61570 + CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1cnc[nH]1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O + CAS:16941-32-5 + CAS:9007-92-5 + DrugBank:DB00040 + Drug_Central:2994 + KEGG:C01501 + KEGG:D00116 + PMID:21940356 + PMID:22014161 + PMID:22154917 + PMID:22166985 + PMID:22167521 + PMID:22214853 + PMID:22227186 + PMID:22286080 + PMID:22294753 + PMID:22318544 + PMID:22334714 + PMID:22399501 + PMID:22438981 + PMID:22454291 + Reaxys:13191924 + Wikipedia:Glucagon + Glucagon + L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine + chebi_ontology + Glucagone + HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT + His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr + His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr + glucagon + glucagonum + CHEBI:5391 + + glucagon - - - A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. - GOC:mah - ISBN:0198506732 - PMID:10666339 + + + CAS:16941-32-5 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:9007-92-5 + ChemIDplus + + + + + CAS:9007-92-5 + KEGG COMPOUND + + + + + Drug_Central:2994 + DrugCentral + + + + + PMID:21940356 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22014161 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22154917 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22166985 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22167521 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22214853 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22227186 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22286080 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22294753 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22318544 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22334714 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22399501 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22438981 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22454291 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:13191924 + Reaxys + + + + + Glucagon + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine + IUPAC + + + + + + Glucagone + ChemIDplus + + + + + HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT + ChEBI + + + + + His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr + ChEBI + + + + + His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr + ChemIDplus + + + + + glucagon + ChemIDplus + + + + + + glucagonum + ChemIDplus + - + - - - - - - - - - The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. - GO:0005904 - juxtamembrane - NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 - Wikipedia:Cell_membrane - cell membrane - cellular membrane - cytoplasmic membrane - plasmalemma - bacterial inner membrane - inner endospore membrane - plasma membrane lipid bilayer - cellular_component - GO:0005886 - - - - - - - - - - - plasma membrane + + + A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. + Heterocyclic compound + chebi_ontology + compuesto heterociclico + compuestos heterociclicos + heterocycle + heterocyclic compounds + CHEBI:5686 + + heterocyclic compound - - - The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. - ISBN:0716731363 + + + Heterocyclic compound + KEGG_COMPOUND - - - cellular membrane - NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 + + + compuesto heterociclico + IUPAC - - - plasma membrane lipid bilayer - GOC:mah + + + compuestos heterociclicos + IUPAC + + + + + heterocycle + ChEBI + + + + + heterocyclic compounds + ChEBI - + - - + + + - - + + - - - - - - + + - + - - + + - - Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. - - NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 - Wikipedia:Microvillus - cellular_component - microvilli - GO:0005902 - - Note that this term refers to a projection from a single cell, and should not be confused with 'microvillus' as used to refer to a multicellular structure such as that found in the placenta. - microvillus + + + + + + + + An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. + +1 + C10H13N2 + InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2/p+1 + APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-O + 161.22310 + 161.10732 + [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 + Gmelin:533978 + 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium + chebi_ontology + tryptamine + tryptaminium cation + tryptaminium(1+) + CHEBI:57887 + + tryptaminium - - - Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. - ISBN:0815316194 + + + Gmelin:533978 + Gmelin - + + + 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium + IUPAC + + + + - microvilli - NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 + tryptamine + UniProt + + + + + tryptaminium cation + ChEBI + + + + + tryptaminium(1+) + ChEBI - + - - - A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22122 - cell-cell contact region - cell-cell contact zone - NIF_Subcellular:sao1922892319 - intercellular junction - cellular_component - GO:0005911 - cell-cell junction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. + -2 + C33H34N4O6 + InChI=1S/C33H36N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h7-8,13-14,34-35H,1-2,9-12,15H2,3-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/p-2/b26-13-,27-14- + BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-L + 582.64630 + 582.24893 + CC1=C(C=C)\C(NC1=O)=C\c1[nH]c(Cc2[nH]c(\C=C3NC(=O)C(C=C)=C/3C)c(C)c2CCC([O-])=O)c(CCC([O-])=O)c1C + Beilstein:4083310 + chebi_ontology + 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate + bilirubin IXalpha + bilirubin dianion + CHEBI:57977 + + bilirubin(2-) - - - A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. - GOC:aruk - GOC:bc - GOC:dgh - GOC:hb - GOC:mah - PMID:21422226 - PMID:28096264 + + + Beilstein:4083310 + Beilstein - - - intercellular junction - NIF_Subcellular:sao1395777368 + + + 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate + ChEBI + + + + + bilirubin IXalpha + UniProt + + + + + bilirubin dianion + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. - Wikipedia:Cell_cortex - cellular_component - cell periphery - peripheral cytoplasm - GO:0005938 - - - cell cortex + + + + + + + An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. + -1 + O4SR + 96.06300 + 95.95173 + [O-]S(=O)(=O)O[*] + chebi_ontology + organosulfate oxoanions + CHEBI:58958 + + organosulfate oxoanion - - - The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. - GOC:mah - ISBN:0815316194 + + + organosulfate oxoanions + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880 - jl - 2012-10-23T15:40:34Z - GO:0044261 - GO:0044723 - Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism - carbohydrate metabolism - biological_process - GO:0005975 - - - - - - - - - - - - carbohydrate metabolic process + + + An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. + chebi_ontology + acyclic tetrapyrrole anion + acyclic tetrapyrrole anions + linear tetrapyrrole anions + CHEBI:59252 + + linear tetrapyrrole anion - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - GOC:mah - ISBN:0198506732 + + + acyclic tetrapyrrole anion + ChEBI + + + + + acyclic tetrapyrrole anions + ChEBI + + + + + linear tetrapyrrole anions + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - GO:0044263 - polysaccharide metabolism - glycan metabolic process - glycan metabolism - multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0005976 - - polysaccharide metabolic process + + + Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:59698 + + phosphoric acids - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. - ISBN:0198547684 - - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. - glycogen metabolism - biological_process - GO:0005977 - glycogen metabolic process + + + + A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. + chebi_ontology + nucleophile + nucleophiles + nucleophilic reagents + CHEBI:59740 + + nucleophilic reagent - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + nucleophile + ChEBI + + + + + nucleophiles + ChEBI + + + + + nucleophilic reagents + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. - MetaCyc:GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY - glycogen anabolism - glycogen biosynthesis - glycogen formation - glycogen synthesis - biological_process - GO:0005978 - glycogen biosynthetic process + + + A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. + chebi_ontology + Chemische Substanz + CHEBI:59999 + + chemical substance - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + Chemische Substanz + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - regulation of glycogen anabolism - regulation of glycogen biosynthesis - regulation of glycogen formation - regulation of glycogen synthesis - biological_process - GO:0005979 - regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + + + A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. + chebi_ontology + Mischung + CHEBI:60004 + + mixture - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators + + + Mischung + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. - MetaCyc:GLYCOCAT-PWY - glycogen breakdown - glycogen catabolism - glycogen degradation - glycogenolysis - biological_process - GO:0005980 - glycogen catabolic process + + + + + + + + + A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. + Wikipedia:Polymer + Polymer + chebi_ontology + Kunststoff + CHEBI:60027 + + polymer - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + Polymer + ChEBI - - - glycogenolysis - GOC:sl + + + Kunststoff + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - regulation of glycogen breakdown - regulation of glycogen catabolism - regulation of glycogen degradation - regulation of glycogenolysis - biological_process - GO:0005981 - regulation of glycogen catabolic process + An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. + chebi_ontology + polyionic polymer + CHEBI:60164 + + ionic polymer - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - regulation of glycogenolysis - GOC:sl + + + polyionic polymer + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. - monosaccharide metabolism - biological_process - GO:0005996 - monosaccharide metabolic process + + + An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. + chebi_ontology + a monovalent cation + CHEBI:60242 + + monovalent inorganic cation - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + a monovalent cation + UniProt - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. - cellular glucose metabolic process - glucose metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006006 - glucose metabolic process + + + + + + + + + Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. + 0 + C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n + chebi_ontology + a peptide + peptide zwitterions + CHEBI:60466 + + peptide zwitterion - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + a peptide + UniProt - - - cellular glucose metabolic process - GOC:vw + + + peptide zwitterions + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, occurring at the level of an individual cell. - cellular glucan metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006073 - cellular glucan metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. + chebi_ontology + nucleobase-containing compound + nucleobase-containing compounds + nucleobase-containing molecular entities + CHEBI:61120 + + nucleobase-containing molecular entity - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, occurring at the level of an individual cell. - ISBN:0198547684 + + + nucleobase-containing compound + SUBMITTER + + + + + nucleobase-containing compounds + ChEBI + + + + + nucleobase-containing molecular entities + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. - organic acid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006082 - - organic acid metabolic process + + + + + + + + + A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. + chebi_ontology + polyanion + polyanions + CHEBI:61469 + + polyanionic polymer - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + polyanion + ChEBI + + + + + polyanions + ChEBI - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. - energy pathways - biological_process - intermediary metabolism - metabolic energy generation - GO:0006091 - - - - - - - - - - - generation of precursor metabolites and energy + + + A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. + chebi_ontology + oxidant + oxidants + oxidiser + oxidisers + oxidising agents + oxidizer + oxidizers + oxidizing agent + oxidizing agents + CHEBI:63248 + + oxidising agent - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. - GOC:jl + + + oxidant + ChEBI - + - intermediary metabolism - GOC:mah + oxidants + ChEBI + + + + + oxidiser + ChEBI + + + + + oxidisers + ChEBI + + + + + oxidising agents + ChEBI + + + + + oxidizer + ChEBI + + + + + oxidizers + ChEBI + + + + + oxidizing agent + ChEBI + + + + + oxidizing agents + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. - regulation of carbohydrate metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006109 - regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate derivatives + derivatised carbohydrate + derivatised carbohydrates + derivatized carbohydrate + derivatized carbohydrates + CHEBI:63299 + + carbohydrate derivative - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. - GOC:go_curators + + + carbohydrate derivatives + ChEBI - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. - energy reserve metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006112 - - energy reserve metabolic process - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. - GOC:mah + + + derivatised carbohydrate + ChEBI + + + + + derivatised carbohydrates + ChEBI + + + + + derivatized carbohydrate + ChEBI + + + + + derivatized carbohydrates + ChEBI - + - - - The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. - protein anabolism - biological_process - GO:0006412 - translation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate acid derivatives + CHEBI:63436 + + carbohydrate acid derivative - - - The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. - GOC:go_curators + + + carbohydrate acid derivatives + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. - Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism - lipid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0006629 - - - - - - - - - - - - - lipid metabolic process + + + An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. + PMID:21822758 + PMID:21993877 + PMID:22005599 + PMID:22082101 + PMID:22153577 + PMID:22213370 + PMID:22218931 + PMID:22342987 + PMID:22371656 + chebi_ontology + monoamines + naturally occurring monoamine + naturally occurring monoamines + CHEBI:63534 + + monoamine - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. - GOC:ma + + + PMID:21822758 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:21993877 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22005599 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22082101 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22153577 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22213370 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22218931 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22342987 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22371656 + Europe PMC + + + + + monoamines + ChEBI + + + + + naturally occurring monoamine + ChEBI + + + + + naturally occurring monoamines + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. - Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolisms#Steroid_biosynthesis - steroid anabolism - steroid biosynthesis - steroid formation - steroid synthesis - steroidogenesis - biological_process - GO:0006694 - steroid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. + chebi_ontology + carbohydrate acid anion derivative + carbohydrate acid anion derivatives + carbohydrate acid derivative anions + CHEBI:63551 + + carbohydrate acid derivative anion - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. - GOC:go_curators + + + carbohydrate acid anion derivative + ChEBI + + + + + carbohydrate acid anion derivatives + ChEBI + + + + + carbohydrate acid derivative anions + ChEBI - + - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. - bile acid anabolism - bile acid biosynthesis - bile acid formation - bile acid synthesis - biological_process - GO:0006699 - bile acid biosynthetic process + + + + Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. + Wikipedia:Food_additive + chebi_ontology + food additives + CHEBI:64047 + + food additive - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. - GOC:go_curators + + + food additives + ChEBI - + - - - The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. - The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292 - jl - 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z - GO:0015457 - GO:0015460 - GO:0044765 - small molecule transport - solute:solute exchange - biological_process - single-organism transport - GO:0006810 - - - - - - - - - - Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. - transport + + + A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. + Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator + chebi_ontology + acidity regulator + acidity regulators + food acidity regulators + pH control agent + pH control agents + CHEBI:64049 + + food acidity regulator - - - The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. - GOC:dos - GOC:dph - GOC:jl - GOC:mah + + + acidity regulator + ChEBI - - - The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. - GOC:dos - GOC:dph - GOC:jl - GOC:mah + + + acidity regulators + ChEBI + + + + + food acidity regulators + ChEBI + + + + + pH control agent + ChEBI + + + + + pH control agents + ChEBI - + - - - The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0006811 - - - - ion transport + + + An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. + chebi_ontology + aralkylamino compounds + CHEBI:64365 + + aralkylamino compound - - - The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + + + aralkylamino compounds + ChEBI - + - - - The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GO:0006819 - GO:0015674 - GO:0072512 - di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport - trivalent inorganic cation transport - biological_process - GO:0006812 - cation transport + + + + A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14. + 0 + C76H104N18O19S2 + InChI=1S/C76H104N18O19S2/c1-41(79)64(100)82-37-61(99)83-58-39-114-115-40-59(76(112)113)92-72(108)57(38-95)91-75(111)63(43(3)97)94-71(107)54(33-46-23-11-6-12-24-46)90-74(110)62(42(2)96)93-66(102)51(28-16-18-30-78)84-69(105)55(34-47-36-81-49-26-14-13-25-48(47)49)88-68(104)53(32-45-21-9-5-10-22-45)86-67(103)52(31-44-19-7-4-8-20-44)87-70(106)56(35-60(80)98)89-65(101)50(85-73(58)109)27-15-17-29-77/h4-14,19-26,36,41-43,50-59,62-63,81,95-97H,15-18,27-35,37-40,77-79H2,1-3H3,(H2,80,98)(H,82,100)(H,83,99)(H,84,105)(H,85,109)(H,86,103)(H,87,106)(H,88,104)(H,89,101)(H,90,110)(H,91,111)(H,92,108)(H,93,102)(H,94,107)(H,112,113)/t41-,42+,43+,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,62-,63-/m0/s1 + NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N + 1637.87800 + 1636.71666 + C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2c[nH]c3ccccc23)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N + CAS:38916-34-6 + Drug_Central:2997 + HMDB:HMDB0013072 + KEGG:C16022 + KEGG:D07431 + LINCS:LSM-5326 + PMID:21922516 + PMID:22129035 + PMID:22147011 + PMID:22251942 + PMID:22483686 + PMID:22509294 + Reaxys:10148626 + Wikipedia:Somatostatin + L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide + chebi_ontology + Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] + L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide + Somatostatin-1 + Somatostatin-14 + Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone + somatostatin + somatostatina + somatostatine + somatostatinum + CHEBI:64628 + + somatostatin - - - The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + + + CAS:38916-34-6 + ChemIDplus - - - di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport - GOC:mah + + + CAS:38916-34-6 + KEGG DRUG + + + + + Drug_Central:2997 + DrugCentral + + + + + PMID:21922516 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22129035 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22147011 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22251942 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22483686 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:22509294 + Europe PMC + + + + + Reaxys:10148626 + Reaxys + + + + + L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide + IUPAC + + + + + + Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] + ChEBI + + + + + L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide + ChemIDplus + + + + + Somatostatin-1 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Somatostatin-14 + KEGG_COMPOUND + + + + + Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone + ChemIDplus + + + + + somatostatin + KEGG_DRUG + + + + + + somatostatina + ChemIDplus + + + + + + somatostatine + ChemIDplus + + + + + + somatostatinum + ChemIDplus + - + - - - The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GO:0006822 - biological_process - GO:0006820 - anion transport + + + An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). + chebi_ontology + one-carbon compounds + CHEBI:64708 + + one-carbon compound - - - The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + + + one-carbon compounds + ChEBI - + - - - - - The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. - biological_process - GO:0006837 - serotonin transport + + + Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. + chebi_ontology + organic acids + CHEBI:64709 + + organic acid - - - The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. - GOC:ai + + + organic acids + ChEBI - + - - + + + Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. + Wikipedia:Poison + chebi_ontology + poisonous agent + poisonous agents + poisonous substance + poisonous substances + poisons + toxic agent + toxic agents + toxic substance + toxic substances + CHEBI:64909 + + poison + + + + + poisonous agent + ChEBI + + + + + poisonous agents + ChEBI + + + + + poisonous substance + ChEBI + + + + + poisonous substances + ChEBI + + + + + poisons + ChEBI + + + + + toxic agent + ChEBI + + + + + toxic agents + ChEBI + + + + + toxic substance + ChEBI + + + + + toxic substances + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. - biological_process - GO:0006869 - - - - lipid transport + A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. + chebi_ontology + polysaccharide derivatives + CHEBI:65212 + + polysaccharide derivative - - - The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + polysaccharide derivatives + ChEBI - + - - - movement of cell or subcellular component + + + Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. + chebi_ontology + food preservatives + CHEBI:65255 + + food preservative + + + + food preservatives + ChEBI + - + - - - A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. - Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction - biological_process - GO:0006936 - - muscle contraction + + + + A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). + chebi_ontology + antimicrobial food preservatives + antimicrobial preservative + antimicrobial preservatives + CHEBI:65256 + + antimicrobial food preservative - - - A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. - GOC:ef - GOC:mtg_muscle - ISBN:0198506732 + + + antimicrobial food preservatives + ChEBI + + + + + antimicrobial preservative + ChEBI + + + + + antimicrobial preservatives + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - biological_process - GO:0006937 - regulation of muscle contraction + An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. + +1 + H3NR + 17.031 + 17.02655 + [NH3+][*] + chebi_ontology + a primary amine + substituted ammonium + CHEBI:65296 + + primary ammonium ion - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + + + a primary amine + UniProt + + + + + substituted ammonium + ChEBI - + - - - A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. - visceral muscle contraction - biological_process - GO:0006939 - smooth muscle contraction + + + Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. + chebi_ontology + anti-inflammatory agents + antiinflammatory agent + antiinflammatory agents + CHEBI:67079 + + anti-inflammatory agent - - - A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. - GOC:ef - GOC:jl - GOC:mtg_muscle - ISBN:0198506732 + + + anti-inflammatory agents + ChEBI + + + + + antiinflammatory agent + ChEBI + + + + + antiinflammatory agents + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - biological_process - GO:0006940 - regulation of smooth muscle contraction + + + + + + + An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3. + +1 + C8H12NO3 + InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/p+1/t8-/m0/s1 + SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-O + 170.187 + 170.08117 + C=1(C=CC(=CC1O)[C@H](C[NH3+])O)O + PDBeChem:E5E + (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium + chebi_ontology + (R)-noradrenaline + (R)-noradrenaline cation + (R)-noradrenalinium cation + (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) + CHEBI:72587 + + (R)-noradrenaline(1+) - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + + + (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium + IUPAC + + + + + + (R)-noradrenaline + UniProt + + + + + (R)-noradrenaline cation + ChEBI + + + + + (R)-noradrenalinium cation + ChEBI + + + + + (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) + ChEBI - + - - - - Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. - biological_process - GO:0006955 - - immune response + + + + Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. + chebi_ontology + organic compound + organic compounds + organic molecules + CHEBI:72695 + + organic molecule - - - Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. - GOC:add - GO_REF:0000022 + + + organic compound + ChEBI + + + + + organic compounds + ChEBI + + + + + organic molecules + ChEBI - + - - - Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - Wikipedia:Cell_signaling - biological_process - GO:0007154 - - - cell communication + + + A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. + MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides + PMID:11160795 + PMID:11785425 + PMID:1444258 + PMID:15738217 + PMID:16075348 + PMID:17440912 + PMID:18097339 + PMID:19453747 + PMID:20172021 + PMID:20631870 + PMID:20718297 + PMID:2688547 + PMID:6354590 + Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide + Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance + chebi_ontology + exopolysaccharides + extracellular polymeric substance + extracellular polymeric substances + CHEBI:72813 + + exopolysaccharide - - - Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - GOC:mah + + + PMID:11160795 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:11785425 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:1444258 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:15738217 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:16075348 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:17440912 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:18097339 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:19453747 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:20172021 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:20631870 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:20718297 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:2688547 + Europe PMC + + + + + PMID:6354590 + Europe PMC + + + + + exopolysaccharides + ChEBI + + + + + extracellular polymeric substance + ChEBI + + + + + extracellular polymeric substances + ChEBI - + - - - - Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. - cell-cell signalling - biological_process - GO:0007267 - - - cell-cell signaling + + + A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. + 0 + C8N + 110.09230 + 110.00307 + C1(=C(C(=C2C(=C1*)N(C(=C2*)*)*)*)*)* + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:73398 + + indole skeleton + + + + + + + + + A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. + chebi_ontology + organic heterobicyclic rings + CHEBI:73541 + + organic heterobicyclic ring - - - Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. - GOC:dos - GOC:mah + + + organic heterobicyclic rings + ChEBI - + - - - - The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21234 - biological_process - GO:0007275 - - - - Note that this term was 'developmental process'. - multicellular organism development + + + Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. + chebi_ontology + eukaryotic metabolites + CHEBI:75763 + + eukaryotic metabolite - - - The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - GOC:dph - GOC:ems - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:tb + + + eukaryotic metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. - GO:0009552 - biological_process - gametogenesis - GO:0007276 - gamete generation + + + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. + CHEBI:77721 + CHEBI:77743 + chebi_ontology + animal metabolites + CHEBI:75767 + + animal metabolite - - - The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. - GOC:ems - GOC:mtg_sensu + + + animal metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - Wikipedia:Gastrulation - biological_process - GO:0007369 - - gastrulation + + + Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. + CHEBI:77464 + CHEBI:77744 + chebi_ontology + mammalian metabolites + CHEBI:75768 + + mammalian metabolite - - - A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - GOC:curators - ISBN:9780878933846 + + + mammalian metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. - biological_process - GO:0007398 - ectoderm development + + + Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). + chebi_ontology + Mus musculus metabolite + Mus musculus metabolites + mouse metabolites + CHEBI:75771 + + mouse metabolite - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + Mus musculus metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + Mus musculus metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + mouse metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. - biological_process - pan-neural process - GO:0007399 - - nervous system development + + + Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). + CHEBI:76949 + CHEBI:76951 + chebi_ontology + S. cerevisiae metabolite + S. cerevisiae metabolites + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites + Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites + baker's yeast metabolite + baker's yeast metabolites + baker's yeast secondary metabolite + baker's yeast secondary metabolites + CHEBI:75772 + + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. - GOC:dgh + + + S. cerevisiae metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + S. cerevisiae metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + baker's yeast metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + baker's yeast metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + baker's yeast secondary metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + baker's yeast secondary metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. - biological_process - GO:0007492 - endoderm development + + + Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. + chebi_ontology + prokaryotic metabolites + CHEBI:75787 + + prokaryotic metabolite - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + prokaryotic metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. - biological_process - GO:0007498 - - mesoderm development + + + Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. + chebi_ontology + xenobiotic metabolites + CHEBI:76206 + + xenobiotic metabolite - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + xenobiotic metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. - breathing - respiration - biological_process - GO:0007585 - - respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system + + + Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). + Wikipedia:Hydrolase + chebi_ontology + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors + EC 3.* inhibitor + EC 3.* inhibitors + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors + hydrolase inhibitor + hydrolase inhibitors + CHEBI:76759 + + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor - - - The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.* inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.* inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + hydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + hydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI - + - - - The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - Wikipedia:Digestion - biological_process - GO:0007586 - - - digestion + + + Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors + EC 3.5.* inhibitor + EC 3.5.* inhibitors + CHEBI:76764 + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor - - - The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - GOC:isa_complete - ISBN:0198506732 + + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.* inhibitors + ChEBI - + - - - The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22368 - Wikipedia:Excretion - biological_process - GO:0007588 - - - excretion + + + An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors + CHEBI:76807 + + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor - - - The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. - ISBN:0192801023 + + + EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors + ChEBI - + - - - - The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. - biological_process - GO:0007589 - body fluid secretion + + + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. + CHEBI:75766 + CHEBI:76925 + chebi_ontology + plant metabolites + plant secondary metabolites + CHEBI:76924 + + plant metabolite - - - The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - GOC:tb + + + plant metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + plant secondary metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - Wikipedia:Perception - biological_process - GO:0007600 - - sensory perception + + + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. + CHEBI:75765 + CHEBI:76947 + chebi_ontology + fungal metabolites + CHEBI:76946 + + fungal metabolite - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - GOC:ai - GOC:dph + + + fungal metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. - Wikipedia:Visual_perception - sense of sight - sensory visual perception - vision - biological_process - GO:0007601 - visual perception + + + + Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. + chebi_ontology + human xenobiotic metabolites + CHEBI:76967 + + human xenobiotic metabolite - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. - GOC:ai + + + human xenobiotic metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. - Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense) - hearing - perception of sound - biological_process - GO:0007605 - sensory perception of sound + + + Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. + CHEBI:75760 + CHEBI:76970 + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:76969 + + bacterial metabolite + + + + + + + + + Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. + chebi_ontology + E.coli metabolite + E.coli metabolites + Escherichia coli metabolites + CHEBI:76971 + + Escherichia coli metabolite - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. - GOC:ai + + + E.coli metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + E.coli metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + Escherichia coli metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - - - The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. - jl - 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z - GO:0023032 - GO:0044708 - GO:0044709 - Wikipedia:Behavior - behavioral response to stimulus - behaviour - behavioural response to stimulus - biological_process - single-organism behavior - GO:0007610 - - - - 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. -2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). - behavior + + + Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). + CHEBI:75770 + CHEBI:77123 + chebi_ontology + H. sapiens metabolite + H. sapiens metabolites + Homo sapiens metabolite + Homo sapiens metabolites + CHEBI:77746 + + human metabolite - - - The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. - GOC:ems - GOC:jl - ISBN:0395448956 - PMID:20160973 + + + H. sapiens metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + H. sapiens metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + Homo sapiens metabolite + ChEBI + + + + + Homo sapiens metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. - behavior via locomotion - locomotion in response to stimulus - locomotory behavioral response to stimulus - locomotory behaviour - locomotory behavioural response to stimulus - biological_process - GO:0007626 - - locomotory behavior + + + An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). + Wikipedia:Amidase + chebi_ontology + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors + acylamidase inhibitor + acylamidase inhibitors + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors + amidase inhibitor + amidase inhibitors + amidohydrolase inhibitor + amidohydrolase inhibitors + deaminase inhibitor + deaminase inhibitors + fatty acylamidase inhibitor + fatty acylamidase inhibitors + CHEBI:77941 + + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor - - - The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. - GOC:dph + + + EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + acylamidase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + acylamidase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + amidase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + amidase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + amidohydrolase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + amidohydrolase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + deaminase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + deaminase inhibitors + ChEBI + + + + + fatty acylamidase inhibitor + ChEBI + + + + + fatty acylamidase inhibitors + ChEBI - + - - - The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. - GO:0070261 - biological_process - hemolymph circulation - GO:0008015 - - blood circulation + + + A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. + Wikipedia:Packaging_gas + chebi_ontology + food packaging gases + CHEBI:77974 + + food packaging gas - - - The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. - GOC:mtg_heart - ISBN:0192800825 + + + food packaging gases + ChEBI - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. + chebi_ontology + dietary component + dietary components + food components + CHEBI:78295 + + food component + + + + + dietary component + ChEBI + + + + + dietary components + ChEBI + + + + + food components + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. + Wikipedia:Refrigerant + chebi_ontology + refrigerants + CHEBI:78433 + + refrigerant + + + + + refrigerants + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. - regulation of cardiac contraction - biological_process - GO:0008016 - regulation of heart contraction + An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. + 0 + C2H4NO2R + 74.059 + 74.02420 + [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O + CHEBI:83409 + MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids + chebi_ontology + an alpha-amino acid + CHEBI:78608 + + alpha-amino acid zwitterion - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. - GOC:dph - GOC:go_curators - GOC:tb + + + MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids + SUBMITTER + + + + + an alpha-amino acid + UniProt - + - - - Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 - GO:0008105 - GO:0016249 - GO:0034613 - cellular protein localisation - cellular protein localization - protein localisation - channel localizer activity - biological_process - asymmetric protein localisation - asymmetric protein localization - establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization - establishment and maintenance of protein localization - GO:0008104 - - protein localization + + + Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. + chebi_ontology + carbohydrates and derivatives + carbohydrates and their derivatives + CHEBI:78616 + + carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives - - - Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - GOC:ai + + + carbohydrates and derivatives + ChEBI - - - cellular protein localisation - GOC:mah + + + carbohydrates and their derivatives + ChEBI + + + + + + + + Any metabolite produced by all living cells. + chebi_ontology + essential metabolite + essential metabolites + fundamental metabolites + CHEBI:78675 + + fundamental metabolite + - - - protein localisation - GOC:mah + + + essential metabolite + ChEBI - - - channel localizer activity - GOC:mah + + + essential metabolites + ChEBI - + - asymmetric protein localisation - GOC:mah + fundamental metabolites + ChEBI - + - - - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. - jl - 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z - GO:0000004 - GO:0007582 - GO:0044699 - Wikipedia:Biological_process - biological process - physiological process - biological_process - single organism process - single-organism process - GO:0008150 - - - - - - - - - - Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. - biological_process + + + Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. + chebi_ontology + trivalent inorganic anions + CHEBI:79387 + + trivalent inorganic anion - - - A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. - GOC:pdt + + + trivalent inorganic anions + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. - jl - 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z - GO:0044236 - GO:0044710 - Wikipedia:Metabolism - metabolism - metabolic process resulting in cell growth - metabolism resulting in cell growth - multicellular organism metabolic process - biological_process - single-organism metabolic process - GO:0008152 - - - - - - Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. - metabolic process + + + Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. + chebi_ontology + divalent inorganic anions + CHEBI:79388 + + divalent inorganic anion - - - The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. - GOC:go_curators - ISBN:0198547684 + + + divalent inorganic anions + ChEBI - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolism - steroid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0008202 - steroid metabolic process + + + Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. + chebi_ontology + monovalent inorganic anions + CHEBI:79389 + + monovalent inorganic anion - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - ISBN:0198547684 + + + monovalent inorganic anions + ChEBI - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. - bile acid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0008206 - bile acid metabolic process + + + An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. + chebi_ontology + crustacean metabolites + CHEBI:83039 + + crustacean metabolite - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. - GOC:go_curators + + + crustacean metabolites + ChEBI - + - - + + + A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. + chebi_ontology + Daphnia magna metabolites + CHEBI:83056 + + Daphnia magna metabolite + + + + + Daphnia magna metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia + Wikipedia:Daphnia + chebi_ontology + Daphnia metabolites + CHEBI:83057 + + Daphnia metabolite + + + + + Daphnia metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + + + + + + Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. + chebi_ontology + CHEBI:84729 + + hydroxyindoles + + + + + + + + + Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. + chebi_ontology + algal metabolites + CHEBI:84735 + + algal metabolite + + + + + algal metabolites + ChEBI + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. - - biological_process - cell proliferation - GO:0008283 - - - - - - - This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. - cell population proliferation + + + + A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. + CALOHA:TS-2035 + FBbt:00007002 + FMA:68646 + GO:0005623 + KUPO:0000002 + MESH:D002477 + VHOG:0001533 + WBbt:0004017 + XAO:0003012 + + The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). + cell - + - The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. - GOC:mah - GOC:mb + A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. + CARO:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. - - up regulation of cell proliferation - up-regulation of cell proliferation - upregulation of cell proliferation - activation of cell proliferation - stimulation of cell proliferation - biological_process - positive regulation of cell proliferation - GO:0008284 - positive regulation of cell population proliferation + Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. + fibroblast neural crest derived - + - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. - GOC:go_curators + Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - + - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. - - down regulation of cell proliferation - down-regulation of cell proliferation - downregulation of cell proliferation - inhibition of cell proliferation - biological_process - negative regulation of cell proliferation - GO:0008285 - negative regulation of cell population proliferation + neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) + neuronal receptor cell - - - - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. - GOC:go_curators - - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. - lipid anabolism - lipid biosynthesis - lipid formation - lipid synthesis - lipogenesis - biological_process - GO:0008610 - lipid biosynthetic process + + + A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. + early embryonic cell (metazoa) - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - lipogenesis - GOC:sl + A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. + GOC:tfm - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. - jl - 2012-10-17T15:52:35Z - GO:0044243 - GO:0044712 - Wikipedia:Catabolism - breakdown - catabolism - degradation - multicellular organismal catabolic process - biological_process - single-organism catabolic process - GO:0009056 - - - - catabolic process + + + Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. + migratory cranial neural crest cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. - ISBN:0198547684 + Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. + ZFA:0007091 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GO:0043285 - GO:0044266 - biopolymer catabolic process - macromolecule breakdown - macromolecule catabolism - macromolecule degradation - multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0009057 - - macromolecule catabolic process + + + Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. + migratory trunk neural crest cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:mah - - - - - biopolymer catabolic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 + Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. + ZFA:0007095 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. - jl - 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z - GO:0044274 - GO:0044711 - formation - Wikipedia:Anabolism - anabolism - biosynthesis - synthesis - multicellular organismal biosynthetic process - biological_process - single-organism biosynthetic process - GO:0009058 - - - - biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. + FBbt:00004861 + germline stem cell + germ line stem cell - + + + + true + + + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. - GOC:curators - ISBN:0198547684 + A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. + doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GO:0043284 - biopolymer biosynthetic process - macromolecule anabolism - macromolecule biosynthesis - macromolecule formation - macromolecule synthesis - biological_process - GO:0009059 - - macromolecule biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. + MA:0000388 + VHOG:0001530 + ncithesaurus:Egg + female germ cell - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:mah + + + + true - - - biopolymer biosynthetic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 + + + Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. + GOC:tfm + PMID:11023867 + PMID:20454446 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - glucan anabolism - glucan biosynthesis - glucan formation - glucan synthesis - biological_process - GO:0009250 - glucan biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. + FBbt:00004873 + female germ line stem cell - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - GOC:go_curators + A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. + doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - glucan breakdown - glucan catabolism - glucan degradation - biological_process - GO:0009251 - glucan catabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. + BTO:0000964 + CALOHA:TS-0711 + FBbt:00004886 + FMA:18644 + MESH:D009865 + WBbt:0006797 + oogonium + oocyte - + + + + true + + + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - GOC:go_curators + A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - - - The controlled release of proteins from a cell. - GO:0045166 - GO:0045731 - glycoprotein secretion - protein secretion during cell fate commitment - protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment - biological_process - GO:0009306 - protein secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. + FMA:83673 + oogonial cell - + + + + true + + + - The controlled release of proteins from a cell. - GOC:ai + An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. - response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus - response to radiation stimulus - biological_process - GO:0009314 - Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. - response to radiation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. + BTO:0000369 + BTO:0003801 + CALOHA:TS-2191 + FBbt:00057012 + FMA:67343 + MESH:D010063 + mature oocyte + ovum + egg cell + https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Egg_cell.svg - + + + + true + + + - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. - GOC:jl - Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation + A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. - biological_process - GO:0009416 - - response to light stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. + smooth muscle cell neural crest derived - + + + + true + + + - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. - GOC:go_curators - ISBN:0582227089 + A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - - - - The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. - biological_process - perception of external stimulus - GO:0009581 - detection of external stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + neuron neural crest derived + neural crest derived neuron - - - The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:hb + + + + true - + - - - - The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. - biological_process - perception of abiotic stimulus - GO:0009582 - detection of abiotic stimulus - - - - - The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:hb - - - - - - - - - - - The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. - detection of light - biological_process - perception of light - GO:0009583 - detection of light stimulus - - - - - The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. - biological_process - perception of visible light - GO:0009584 - detection of visible light - - - - - The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. - GOC:go_curators - ISBN:0198506732 - - - - - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. - response to environmental stimulus - biological_process - GO:0009605 - - - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - response to external stimulus - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. - GOC:hb - - - - - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572 - response to abiotic stress - biological_process - GO:0009628 - - - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - response to abiotic stimulus - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. - GOC:hb - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. - embryogenesis and morphogenesis - Wikipedia:Morphogenesis - anatomical structure organization - morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0009653 - anatomical structure morphogenesis - - - - - The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. - GOC:go_curators - ISBN:0521436125 - - - - - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. - GO:0009795 - embryogenesis and morphogenesis - Wikipedia:Embryogenesis - embryogenesis - embryonal development - biological_process - GO:0009790 - - - - embryo development + A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. + BTO:0000930 + FMA:70563 + neuroblast + neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mtg_sensu + A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. + GOC:NV + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. - biological_process - GO:0009791 - - post-embryonic development + + + + + + + + + + + + + A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + + CALOHA:TS-2086 + FMA:63368 + animal stem cell + + + This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’. + stem cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. - GOC:go_curators + A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D013234 - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. - embryogenesis - biological_process - GO:0009792 - embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. + FMA:70569 + unipotent stem cell + unipotential stem cell + single fate stem cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mtg_sensu + A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. - - - - - - histogenesis and organogenesis - Wikipedia:Histogenesis - histogenesis - biological_process - GO:0009888 - tissue development - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. - ISBN:0471245208 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - regulation of anabolism - regulation of biosynthesis - regulation of formation - regulation of synthesis - biological_process - GO:0009889 - regulation of biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. + + BTO:0000725 + CALOHA:TS-0448 + FMA:86475 + MESH:D006412 + VHOG:0001485 + blood forming stem cell + hemopoietic stem cell + HSC + colony forming unit hematopoietic + + + Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. + hematopoietic stem cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell + + + + + HSC + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - down regulation of biosynthetic process - down-regulation of biosynthetic process - downregulation of biosynthetic process - negative regulation of anabolism - negative regulation of biosynthesis - negative regulation of formation - negative regulation of synthesis - inhibition of biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0009890 - negative regulation of biosynthetic process + A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. + BTO:0004911 + BFU-E + CFU-E + blast forming unit erythroid + burst forming unit erythroid + colony forming unit erythroid + erythroid stem cell + + erythroid progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. + GOC:add + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + BFU-E + + + + + + CFU-E + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - positive regulation of anabolism - positive regulation of biosynthesis - positive regulation of formation - positive regulation of synthesis - up regulation of biosynthetic process - up-regulation of biosynthetic process - upregulation of biosynthetic process - activation of biosynthetic process - stimulation of biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0009891 - positive regulation of biosynthetic process + A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. + + + Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. + germ line cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GO:0044252 - down regulation of metabolic process - down-regulation of metabolic process - downregulation of metabolic process - negative regulation of metabolism - negative regulation of organismal metabolism - inhibition of metabolic process - inhibition of organismal metabolic process - negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0009892 - negative regulation of metabolic process + + + + + + + A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. + FMA:84789 + multi-fate stem cell + multifate stem cell + multipotent cell + multipotent stem cell + multi fate stem cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators + A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. + GOC:add - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GO:0044253 - positive regulation of metabolism - up regulation of metabolic process - up-regulation of metabolic process - upregulation of metabolic process - activation of metabolic process - positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process - positive regulation of organismal metabolism - stimulation of metabolic process - stimulation of organismal metabolic process - up-regulation of organismal metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0009893 - positive regulation of metabolic process + + + + A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. + + BTO:0004730 + common myeloid precursor + CFU-GEMM + CFU-S + CMP + colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte + multipotential myeloid stem cell + myeloid stem cell + pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) + + This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). + common myeloid progenitor - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators + A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. + GOC:add + ISBN:0878932437 + MESH:D023461 + + + + + CFU-GEMM + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + + CFU-S + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + + CMP + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + + colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + multipotential myeloid stem cell + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + myeloid stem cell + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) + ISBN:0878932437 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - regulation of breakdown - regulation of catabolism - regulation of degradation - biological_process - GO:0009894 - regulation of catabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. + + CFU-EM + CFU-MegE + MEP + Meg/E progenitor + colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte + megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor + megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell + + MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. + megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + MESH:D055015 + PMID:16647566 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - down regulation of catabolic process - down-regulation of catabolic process - downregulation of catabolic process - negative regulation of breakdown - negative regulation of catabolism - negative regulation of degradation - inhibition of catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0009895 - negative regulation of catabolic process + + + A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. + FMA:84790 + MESH:D039901 + totipotential stem cell + totipotent stem cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - positive regulation of breakdown - positive regulation of catabolism - positive regulation of degradation - up regulation of catabolic process - up-regulation of catabolic process - upregulation of catabolic process - activation of catabolic process - stimulation of catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0009896 - positive regulation of catabolic process + A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. + BTO:0000125 + FMA:84782 + blast cell + define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? + non-terminally differentiated cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. - GOC:go_curators + A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. + SANBI:mhl - + - - - - The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0009914 - - hormone transport + + + A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. + BTO:0000222 + CALOHA:TS-0650 + FBbt:00005083 + FMA:70335 + VHOG:0001529 + myoblast - + - The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:tb + A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D032446 + PMID:21849021 - + - - - Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - jl - 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z - GO:0008151 - GO:0044763 - GO:0050875 - cell physiology - cellular physiological process - cell growth and/or maintenance - biological_process - single-organism cellular process - GO:0009987 - - - cellular process + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. + + BTO:0000452 + CALOHA:TS-0362 + FMA:63877 + NCIT:C12482 + VHOG:0001482 + + + These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. + fibroblast - + - Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:isa_complete + A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. + ISBN:0517223651 + MESH:D005347 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast - + - - - The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - biological_process - GO:0010463 - mesenchymal cell proliferation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. + BTO:0003607 + FMA:66783 + chrondoplast + chondroblast - + - The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000034 + ISBN:0618947256 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - biological_process - GO:0010464 - regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. + VHOG:0001532 + XAO:0000031 + ciliated cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. - biological_process - GO:0010470 - regulation of gastrulation + + A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. + + BTO:0000414 + CALOHA:TS-2026 + CARO:0000077 + FBbt:00000124 + FMA:66768 + WBbt:0003672 + epitheliocyte + + + epithelial cell + https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Epithelial_cells.svg - + - Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. + FB:ma + GOC:tfm + MESH:D004847 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0010556 - regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process + An epithelial cell that has a cilia. + FMA:70605 + ciliated epithelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An epithelial cell that has a cilia. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0010557 - positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process + An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. + duct epithelial cell - + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - + + + branched duct epithelial cell + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0010558 - negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. + + cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree + + blood vessel endothelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + + + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell + + + + + A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + GO:0002065 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + + + + + + + + + CALOHA:TS-1249 + squamous epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. - biological_process - GO:0010565 - regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process + A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. + + FMA:66773 + mesotheliocyte + + mesothelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0010604 - positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. + circulating cell - + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0010605 - negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + A cell found predominately in the blood. + FMA:62844 + MESH:D001773 + + blood cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A cell found predominately in the blood. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - biological_process - GO:0010646 - regulation of cell communication + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the lung. + BTO:0004299 + lung epithelial cell + epithelial cell of lung - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An epithelial cell of the lung. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - biological_process - GO:0010647 - positive regulation of cell communication + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the pancreas. + BTO:0000028 + pancreas epithelial cell + pancreatic epithelial cell + epithelial cell of pancreas - + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An epithelial cell of the pancreas. + GOC:tfm - + - + + + + + + + + + + neuron associated cell + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - biological_process - GO:0010648 - negative regulation of cell communication + A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. + neuroepithelial cell + BTO:0004301 + The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710). + sensory epithelial cell - + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + + + Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. + + BTO:0003811 + FBbt:00005125 + FMA:67313 + WBbt:0005113 + + interneuron + + + + + Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D007395 + + + + + + + + + An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. + + BTO:0000312 + FBbt:00005123 + FMA:83617 + WBbt:0005409 + motoneuron + + motor neuron + + + + + An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. + MESH:D009046 + PMID:16875686 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - biological_process - GO:0010675 - regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process + Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. + BTO:0001037 + FBbt:00005124 + FMA:84649 + MESH:D011984 + WBbt:0005759 + sensory neuron - + - Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - biological_process - GO:0010676 - positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process + A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. + FMA:80121 + autonomic neuron - + - Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - biological_process - GO:0010677 - negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process + A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. + BTO:0004902 + FBbt:00007173 + FMA:84796 + MESH:D059329 + WBbt:0006840 + cholinergic neuron - + - Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. + + BTO:0001176 + CALOHA:TS-0278 + FMA:66772 + endotheliocyte + + From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. + endothelial cell + + + + + An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D042783 + PMID:21275341 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - biological_process - GO:0010700 - negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion + + + + + + + CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) + + + + + + + + + A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. + BTO:0002606 + CALOHA:TS-0415 + FBbt:00005144 + FMA:54536 + neuroglial cell + neuroglia + + Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 + glial cell - + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. + MESH:D009457 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. + neurectoderm cell + neurectodermal cell + + + + + Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:068340007X + + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. + BTO:0002625 + BTO:0003298 + FMA:70546 + bone marrow stromal cells + colony-forming unit-fibroblast + marrow stromal cells + BMSC + CFU-F + MSC + mesenchymal precursor cell + mesenchymal progenitor cells + mesenchymal stem cell + mesenchymal stromal cell + mesenchymal stromal cells + stem cells, mesenchymal + Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. + mesenchymal stem cell + https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474 + + + + + + true + + + + + A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. + FB:ma + GOC:dsd + PMCID:PMC2613570 + PMID:10102814 + PMID:16923606 + PMID:17986482 + PMID:19960544 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell + http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells + + + + + marrow stromal cells + PMID:11378515 + + + + + BMSC + + + + + + CFU-F + + + + + + MSC + PMID:11378515 + + + + + + mesenchymal progenitor cells + MESH:D044982 + + + + + + mesenchymal stromal cells + + + + + + stem cells, mesenchymal + MESH:D044982 + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - biological_process - GO:0010701 - positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion + A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. + + BTO:0000443 + CALOHA:TS-0012 + FMA:63880 + adipose cell + fat cell + + + adipocyte - + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. + MESH:D017667 - + - - - Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. - biological_process - GO:0010817 - regulation of hormone levels + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. + BTO:0000249 + CALOHA:TS-0138 + FMA:66782 + cartilage cell + chondrocyte - + - Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. - GOC:BHF - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. + GO_REF:0000034 + MESH:D019902 - + - - - Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - lipid localisation - biological_process - GO:0010876 - lipid localization + + + A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. + VHOG:0001678 + chromatocyte + chromatophore + pigment cell - + - Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - GOC:BHF - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + pigment cell + visual pigment cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. + CALOHA:TS-2085 + FMA:86494 + glandular epithelial cell + - - - lipid localisation - GOC:mah + + + A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - biological_process - GO:0010893 - positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process + A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. + BTO:0003659 + FMA:86916 + secretory cell - + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - GOC:tb + A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - biological_process - GO:0010894 - negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process + A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. + FMA:16014 + + exocrine cell - + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - GOC:BHF - GOC:tb + A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. + ISBN:0198547684 - + - + + + + A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. + GAG secreting cell + hyaluronic acid secreting cell + glycosaminoglycan secreting cell + + + + + A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. - regulation of glucose metabolism - biological_process - GO:0010906 - regulation of glucose metabolic process + protein secreting cell - - - - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. - GOC:BHF - GOC:tb - - - - - regulation of glucose metabolism - GOC:tb - - + - + + + seromucus secreting cell + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. - positive regulation of glucose metabolism - biological_process - GO:0010907 - positive regulation of glucose metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. + + FMA:83809 + endocrinocyte + + + endocrine cell - + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. - GOC:BHF - GOC:tb + A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. + MESH:D055098 + + + + + + + + + An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. + BTO:0003865 + FMA:62930 + MESH:D019858 + enteroendocrine cell + - - - positive regulation of glucose metabolism - GOC:tb + + + An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. + GOC:tfm + SANBI:mhl - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - tb - 2009-05-11T12:17:53Z - biological_process - GO:0010962 - regulation of glucan biosynthetic process + A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. + + BTO:0002691 + FBbt:00005130 + FMA:83810 + neurosecretory cell + neurosecretory neuron + + The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. + +The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. + neuroendocrine cell - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. + MESH:D055099 + + + + + The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. + +The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. + PMID:5342440 + https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323555968000073 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. - NIF_Subcellular:sao1153182838 - cellular_component - GO:0012506 - vesicle membrane + peptide hormone secreting cell - - - - The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. - GOC:mah - GOC:vesicle - - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - regulation of noradrenaline secretion - biological_process - GO:0014061 - regulation of norepinephrine secretion + BTO:0000783 + insulin secreting cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. - GOC:ef - - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - biological_process - regulation of serotonin release - GO:0014062 - regulation of serotonin secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. + + beta cell + BTO:0000783 + EV:0200009 + FMA:70586 + MA:0002419 + ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell + B-cell of pancreatic islet + beta cell of pancreatic islet + insulin-secreting cell + pancreatic B cell + pancreatic B-cell + pancreatic beta cell + pancreatic islet core + type B enteroendocrine cell + beta cell islet + + Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression. + type B pancreatic cell - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - GOC:ef + A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell - + + + beta cell + ZFA:0009102 + + + + + B-cell of pancreatic islet + FMA:70586 + + + + + beta cell of pancreatic islet + FMA:70586 + + + + + insulin-secreting cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic B-cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic beta cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic islet core + MA:0002419 + + + + + type B enteroendocrine cell + FMA:70586 + + + - regulation of serotonin release - GOC:tb + beta cell islet + MA:0002419 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - down regulation of serotonin secretion - down-regulation of serotonin secretion - downregulation of serotonin secretion - inhibition of serotonin secretion - biological_process - positive regulation of serotonin release - GO:0014063 - negative regulation of serotonin secretion + A cell that secretes glucagon. + FMA:84045 + glucagon-secreting cell + glucagon secreting cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - GOC:ef - - - - - positive regulation of serotonin release - GOC:tb + A cell that secretes glucagon. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - up regulation of serotonin secretion - up-regulation of serotonin secretion - upregulation of serotonin secretion - activation of serotonin secretion - stimulation of serotonin secretion - biological_process - positive regulation of serotonin release - GO:0014064 - positive regulation of serotonin secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. + + BTO:0000990 + FMA:70585 + MESH:D050416 + alpha cell of islet of Langerhans + pancreatic alpha cell + + pancreatic A cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. - GOC:ef - - - - - positive regulation of serotonin release - GOC:tb + A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. - biological_process - GO:0014821 - phasic smooth muscle contraction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + somatostatin secreting cell - - - - A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. - GOC:mtg_muscle - - + - - - - - The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GO:0015831 - enzyme transport - biological_process - GO:0015031 - - - - protein transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. + + BTO:0000803 + FMA:70587 + D-cell of pancreatic islet + delta cell of islet + delta cell of pancreatic islet + pancreatic D-cell + pancreatic delta cell + somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell + + pancreatic D cell - + - The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. + FMA:0517223651 + GOC:tfm - + - - - The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. - cellular_component - GO:0015629 - actin cytoskeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + steroid hormone secreting cell - - - - The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. - GOC:jl - ISBN:0395825172 - ISBN:0815316194 - - + - - - - The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. - biological_process - GO:0015695 - organic cation transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. + + BTO:0000575 + CALOHA:TS-0454 + FMA:14515 + + Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. + hepatocyte - + - The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. - GOC:ai + The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0412046911 + MESH:D022781 + PMID:19717280 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte - + - - - - The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. - biological_process - GO:0015711 - organic anion transport + + + A cell whose primary function is to shorten. + contractile cell - + - The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. - GOC:ai - GOC:krc + A cell whose primary function is to shorten. + FB:ma - + - - - The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0015718 - monocarboxylic acid transport + + + + + + + + + + + A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. + BTO:0000888 + BTO:0000902 + CALOHA:TS-2032 + FBbt:00005074 + FMA:67328 + WBbt:0003675 + muscle fiber + myocyte + muscle cell + https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Muscle_cells.svg - + - The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:krc + A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. + MESH:D032342 - + - - - - - - The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - bile acid transport - bile salt transport - biological_process - GO:0015721 - bile acid and bile salt transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. + + BTO:0004392 + CALOHA:TS-2158 + FMA:9727 + skeletal muscle cell + + + cell of skeletal muscle - + - The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:dph - GOC:krc - PMID:12663868 - PMID:14699511 + A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0015833 - - peptide transport + + + + + + + + + + A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). + + non-striated muscle cell + BTO:0004576 + CALOHA:TS-2159 + FMA:14072 + SMCs + myocytes, smooth muscle + smooth muscle fiber + + + smooth muscle cell - + - The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). + MESH:D032389 + PMID:9315361 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell + + + + + SMCs + PMID:9315361 + + + + + myocytes, smooth muscle + MESH:D032389 - + - - - - The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - amine/polyamine transport - GO:0015837 - - amine transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. + MESH:D011984 + receptor cell + sensory receptor cell - - - - The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai - ISBN:0198506732 - - + - - - - The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GO:0015873 - biological_process - GO:0015844 - monoamine transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. + chemoreceptor cell - + - The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. + MESH:D002628 - + - - - The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0015849 - - organic acid transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. + BTO:0001060 + CALOHA:TS-0868 + FMA:86740 + photoreceptor cell + https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Photoreceptor_cell.svg - + + + + true + + + - The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. + MESH:D010786 - + - - - The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. - organic alcohol transport - biological_process - GO:0015850 - organic hydroxy compound transport + + + A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. + electrically active cell - + - The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. - GOC:ai + A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. + FB:ma - + - - - - The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. - levarterenol transport - noradrenaline transport - biological_process - GO:0015874 - norepinephrine transport + + + A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. + boundary cell + lining cell - + - The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. - GOC:ai - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. + JB:jb - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. - chemoorganotrophy - biological_process - GO:0015980 - energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds + + + + + + + + + + A cell located in the synovial joint. + CALOHA:TS-0995 + synoviocyte + synovial cell - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. - GOC:mah + + + + true - + - - - A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. - 2014-03-06T11:37:54Z - GO:0098589 - GO:0098805 - Wikipedia:Biological_membrane - membrane region - region of membrane - whole membrane - cellular_component - GO:0016020 - - - - - - - - membrane + + + A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. + barrier cell - + - A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. - GOC:dos - GOC:mah - ISBN:0815316194 + A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. + JB:jb - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - GO:0006093 - anabolic carbohydrate metabolic process - anabolic carbohydrate metabolism - carbohydrate anabolism - carbohydrate biosynthesis - carbohydrate formation - carbohydrate synthesis - biological_process - GO:0016051 - carbohydrate biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell that moves by its own activities. + motile cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell that moves by its own activities. + FB:ma - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - jl - 2012-10-23T16:34:39Z - GO:0006095 - GO:0044276 - GO:0044724 - carbohydrate breakdown - carbohydrate catabolism - carbohydrate degradation - catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process - catabolic carbohydrate metabolism - multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process - biological_process - single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process - GO:0016052 - carbohydrate catabolic process + + + + + + + + + A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. + FMA:72549 + ectoderm cell + ectodermal cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. + MESH:D004475 - + - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. - organic acid anabolism - organic acid biosynthesis - organic acid formation - organic acid synthesis - biological_process - GO:0016053 - organic acid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. + FMA:72554 + mesoblast + mesoderm cell + mesodermal cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. + MESH:D008648 - - - - - kinase activity - - - - - + - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. - biological_process - GO:0016331 - morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium + + + + + + + + + A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. + FMA:72555 + endoderm cell + endodermal cell - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. - GOC:jl + A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. + MESH:D004707 - + - - - The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. - Wikipedia:Cell_migration - biological_process - GO:0016477 - cell migration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell that lacks a nucleus. + FMA:68647 + non-nucleated cell + anucleate cell - + - The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. - GOC:cjm - GOC:dph - GOC:ems - GOC:pf - Wikipedia:Cell_migration + A cell that lacks a nucleus. + FB:ma - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. - down regulation of angiogenesis - down-regulation of angiogenesis - downregulation of angiogenesis - inhibition of angiogenesis - biological_process - GO:0016525 - negative regulation of angiogenesis + A cell with a single nucleus. + single nucleate cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. - GOC:go_curators + A cell with a single nucleus. + FB:ma + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - sarcoplasm - - - - - - - - - transferase activity - - - - - - - - - transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups + binucleate cell - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + A cell with more than one nucleus. + AEO:0000203 + WBbt:0008074 + syncitium + syncytial cell + syncytium + multinucleate cell + + + + + A cell with more than one nucleus. + FB:ma + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - - + + - The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23491 - jl - 2012-09-19T16:01:37Z - GO:0033057 - GO:0044704 - GO:0044705 - reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism - reproductive behaviour - multi-organism reproductive behavior - multicellular organism reproductive behavior - biological_process - single-organism reproductive behavior - GO:0019098 - - reproductive behavior + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. + + BTO:0000424 + CALOHA:TS-0290 + FMA:81100 + RBC + red blood cell + + + erythrocyte - + + + + true + + + - The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. - GOC:jl - GOC:pr + A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D004912 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - regulation of lipid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0019216 - regulation of lipid metabolic process + MESH:D005057 + eukaryotic cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - GOC:go_curators - - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - regulation of steroid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0019218 - regulation of steroid metabolic process + Eumycetozoan cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - GOC:go_curators - - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GO:0044246 - regulation of metabolism - regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process - regulation of organismal metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0019222 - - regulation of metabolic process + + + + eye photoreceptor cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - regulation of organismal metabolic process - GOC:tb - - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. - Wikipedia:Nociception - nociception - perception of physiological pain - biological_process - GO:0019233 - sensory perception of pain + + + A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. + structural cell - + - The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. - GOC:curators + A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. + TAIR:sr - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. - hexose metabolism - biological_process - GO:0019318 - hexose metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. + CALOHA:TS-0395 + FBbt:00005412 + FMA:18649 + haploid nucleated cell + haploid germ cell + gamete - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. - ISBN:0198506732 + + + + true - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). - carboxylic acid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0019752 - carboxylic acid metabolic process - - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). - ISBN:0198506732 + A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - - A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. - A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22929 - Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction - biological_process - GO:0019953 - Note that gametes may come from two organisms or from a single organism in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. Note also that sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. - Sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. - sexual reproduction + + + lens cell + + crystallin accumulating cell - - - - A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. - GOC:jl - GOC:kmv - GOC:krc - GOC:tb - ISBN:0387520546 - Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction - - - - - A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). - Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. - biological_process - GO:0021915 - neural tube development + + + Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. + BTO:0003687 + FMA:62511 + serous cell + serous secreting cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. - GOC:cls - GOC:dgh - GOC:dph - GOC:jid - GO_REF:0000021 + Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. - reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism - biological_process - GO:0022412 - cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism + BTO:0003689 + mucous cell + mucus secreting cell + + + + + + + + + A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). + + stuff accumulating cell - + - A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. - GOC:isa_complete + A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). + FB:ma - + - + + + extracellular matrix secreting cell + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. - jl - 2012-09-19T15:56:06Z - GO:0044702 - biological_process - single organism reproductive process - GO:0022414 - - reproductive process + oxygen accumulating cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. + FMA:86667 + migratory neural crest cell - + - A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete + A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. + doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.017 - + - + + + A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. + mesenchyme condensation cell + + + + + A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. + GOC:tfm + PMID:5025404 + + + + + + + - + - + - + + - + - A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - biological_process - GO:0022600 - - digestive system process + + + + + + + A cell of the sclera of the eye. + + scleral cell - + - A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:jid - GOC:mtg_cardio + A cell of the sclera of the eye. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. - regulation of morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0022603 - regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis + + + + + + + A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. + + choroidal cell of the eye - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. - GOC:mah + A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z - biological_process - regulation of signaling process - regulation of signalling process - GO:0023051 - regulation of signaling + + extraembryonic cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. + FMA:83028 + trophoblastic cell + trophoblast cell - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - GOC:mtg_signal - - - - - regulation of signaling process - GOC:bf + + + + true - - - regulation of signalling process - GOC:mah + + + A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D014327 - + - - - The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. - jl - 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z - GO:0023046 - GO:0044700 - biological signaling - signaling process - signalling - biological_process - signalling process - single organism signaling - GO:0023052 - - - - - - - - Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change. - signaling + + + A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. + epiblast cell - + - The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. - GOC:mtg_signal - GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 - GOC:signaling + A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0618947256 + + + + + + + + An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). + BTO:0001473 + FMA:72551 + blastomere + blastoderm cell + - - - signalling process - GOC:mah + + + An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). + MESH:D001756 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z - positive regulation of signalling process - biological_process - positive regulation of signaling process - GO:0023056 - positive regulation of signaling + A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. + FMA:86767 + Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. + multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell - - - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - GOC:mtg_signal - - - - - positive regulation of signalling process - GOC:mah + + + + true - - - positive regulation of signaling process - GOC:bf + + + A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. + PMID:18282570 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z - biological_process - negative regulation of signaling process - negative regulation of signalling process - GO:0023057 - negative regulation of signaling + A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. + sphincter associated smooth muscle cell - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. - GOC:mtg_signal - - - - - negative regulation of signaling process - GOC:bf + + + + true - - - negative regulation of signalling process - GOC:mah + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. + GOC:cjm - + - + - + - + - + + - + - The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. - 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z - signal secretion - biological_process - GO:0023061 - signal release + A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. + + VSMC + vascular smooth muscle cell + + vascular associated smooth muscle cell - - - The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. - GOC:mtg_signal + + + + true - - - signal secretion - GOC:bf + + + A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. - - Wikipedia:Cell_junction - cellular_component - GO:0030054 - - - - cell junction + An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). + BTO:0001470 + CALOHA:TS-0283 + FMA:62411 + MESH:D000078404 + cell of epidermis + epithelial cell of skin + epidermal cell - + - A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. - GOC:aruk - GOC:bc - GOC:mah - ISBN:0198506732 - PMID:26820516 - PMID:28096264 - http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html + An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). + Flybase:dsj + MA:ma + + + + + cell of epidermis + FMA:62411 + + + + + epithelial cell of skin + FMA:62411 - + - - - - The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. - biological_process - GO:0030072 - peptide hormone secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. + zygote + BTO:0000854 + EHDAA2:0004546 + FMA:72395 + animal zygote - + - The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. - GOC:mah + Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. + ISBN:0471245208 - + - - - - The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/11255#issuecomment-426191045 - biological_process - GO:0030073 - insulin secretion + + + A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. + electrically responsive cell - + - The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. - GOC:mah - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. + FB:ma - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. - Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis - blood cell biosynthesis - blood cell formation - haemopoiesis - hematopoiesis - biological_process - GO:0030097 - hemopoiesis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ganglion interneuron - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. - GOC:dgh - ISBN:0198506732 + + + + true - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - regulation of bone biosynthesis - regulation of bone formation - biological_process - GO:0030278 - regulation of ossification + An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. + + + Interneurons are commonly described as being only found in the central nervous system. However, in CL we define 'interneuron' more broadly as any neuron that is neither a motor neuron nor a sensory neuron, regardless of its location, so we need this term to refer strictly to interneurons of the central nervous system. + CNS interneuron - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - GOC:go_curators + An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. + doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817424-1.00001-X - + - + + + A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. + electrically signaling cell + + + + + A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. + FB:ma + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - down regulation of ossification - down-regulation of ossification - downregulation of ossification - negative regulation of bone biosynthesis - negative regulation of bone formation - inhibition of ossification - biological_process - GO:0030279 - negative regulation of ossification + A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. + polyploid cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - GOC:go_curators + A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. + https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_Polyploidy + FB:ma + PMID:32646579 - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. - cellular_component - GO:0030312 - - - - - - The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'. - external encapsulating structure + A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. + haploid cell - + - A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. - GOC:go_curators + A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. + FB:ma + GOC:tfm - + - + + + endopolyploid cell + + + + + + + + + carbohydrate secreting cell + + + + + + + + + biogenic amine secreting cell + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - biological_process - GO:0030334 - regulation of cell migration + A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). + 5-HT secreting cell + 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell + serotonin secreting cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - GOC:go_curators + A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). + GOC:tfm + PMID:19630576 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - up regulation of cell migration - up-regulation of cell migration - upregulation of cell migration - activation of cell migration - stimulation of cell migration - biological_process - GO:0030335 - positive regulation of cell migration + A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. + noradrenaline secreting cell + norepinephrin secreting cell + norepinephrine secreting cell + noradrenergic cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - GOC:go_curators + A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:068340007X - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - down regulation of cell migration - down-regulation of cell migration - downregulation of cell migration - inhibition of cell migration - biological_process - GO:0030336 - negative regulation of cell migration + A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. + visible light photoreceptor cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. - GOC:go_curators + A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - The expulsion of feces from the rectum. - Wikipedia:Defecation - biological_process - GO:0030421 - defecation + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. + + BTO:0002064 + FMA:83624 + + + stromal cell - + - The expulsion of feces from the rectum. - GOC:mah + A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D017154 - + - - - A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. - Wikipedia:Peristalsis - biological_process - GO:0030432 - peristalsis + + + + + + + + + + A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. + FMA:62935 + D cell + type D enteroendocrine cell - + - A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. - ISBN:0198506732 + A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. + MESH:D019864 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. - cellular_component - GO:0030659 - cytoplasmic vesicle membrane + + + An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. + enkephalin secreting cell - + - The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. - GOC:mah + An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. + GO:tfm - + - - - A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. - GO:0005578 - NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 - Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix - proteinaceous extracellular matrix - matrisome - cellular_component - GO:0031012 - - - - - - extracellular matrix + + + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. + endorphin secreting cell - + - A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah - GOC:rph - NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 - PMID:21123617 - PMID:28089324 + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. + GO:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - + - A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. - NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 - cellular_component - intracellular membrane - GO:0031090 - organelle membrane + An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. + BTO:0004108 + FMA:67609 + G cell + type G enteroendocrine cell - + - A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. - GOC:dos - GOC:mah + An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + MESH:D019863 + + + + + + + + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. + + + gastrin secreting cell + - - - intracellular membrane - NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 + + + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. + GO:tfm - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - regulation of cellular metabolism - biological_process - GO:0031323 - - regulation of cellular metabolic process + + + + + + + A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. + FMA:84797 + cardiac muscle progenitor cell + cardiomyocyte progenitor cell + cardiac muscle myoblast - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D032386 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - down regulation of cellular metabolic process - down-regulation of cellular metabolic process - downregulation of cellular metabolic process - negative regulation of cellular metabolism - inhibition of cellular metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0031324 - - negative regulation of cellular metabolic process + A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. + FMA:84798 + myoblast, smooth muscle + satellite cell + smooth muscle myoblast - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D032390 + + + + + myoblast, smooth muscle + MESH:D032390 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - positive regulation of cellular metabolism - up regulation of cellular metabolic process - up-regulation of cellular metabolic process - upregulation of cellular metabolic process - activation of cellular metabolic process - stimulation of cellular metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0031325 - - positive regulation of cellular metabolic process + + + + + + + A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. + FMA:84799 + skeletal myoblast + skeletal muscle myoblast - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:mah + A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. + SANBI:mhl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - regulation of cellular anabolism - regulation of cellular biosynthesis - regulation of cellular formation - regulation of cellular synthesis - biological_process - GO:0031326 - regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + fungal cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process - down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process - downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process - negative regulation of cellular anabolism - negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis - negative regulation of cellular formation - negative regulation of cellular synthesis - inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0031327 - negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + + + + + + + A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. + + FMA:83043 + syncytial trophoblast cell + syncytiotrophoblastic cell + plasmidotrophoblast cell + syntrophoblast cell + + syncytiotrophoblast cell + https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/2100 - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 + + + + + syncytial trophoblast cell + PMID:11787150 + + + + + syncytiotrophoblastic cell + PMID:21733368 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - positive regulation of cellular anabolism - positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis - positive regulation of cellular formation - positive regulation of cellular synthesis - up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process - up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process - upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process - activation of cellular biosynthetic process - stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0031328 - positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + + + A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. + + FMA:87653 + input neuron + + afferent neuron - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D009475 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - regulation of cellular breakdown - regulation of cellular catabolism - regulation of cellular degradation - biological_process - GO:0031329 - regulation of cellular catabolic process + + + A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. + output neuron + efferent neuron - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. + MESH:D009476 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - down regulation of cellular catabolic process - down-regulation of cellular catabolic process - downregulation of cellular catabolic process - negative regulation of cellular breakdown - negative regulation of cellular catabolism - negative regulation of cellular degradation - inhibition of cellular catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0031330 - negative regulation of cellular catabolic process + The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + + BTO:0000938 + CALOHA:TS-0683 + FBbt:00005106 + FMA:54527 + VHOG:0001483 + WBbt:0003679 + nerve cell + + + These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. + neuron + https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Neuron_cells.svg - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + MESH:D009474 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - positive regulation of cellular breakdown - positive regulation of cellular catabolism - positive regulation of cellular degradation - up regulation of cellular catabolic process - up-regulation of cellular catabolic process - upregulation of cellular catabolic process - activation of cellular catabolic process - stimulation of cellular catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0031331 - positive regulation of cellular catabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + FMA:83518 + rubriblast + pronormoblast + + proerythroblast - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + ISBN:0721601464 + PMID:1638021 + + + + + rubriblast + ISBN:0721601464 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. - GO:0016023 - NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 - cellular_component - cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle - cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle - cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle - GO:0031410 - - - - - - - cytoplasmic vesicle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + FMA:83505 + basophilic normoblast + early erythroblast + early normoblast + prorubricyte + basophilic erythroblast - + + + + true + + + - A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. - GOC:ai - GOC:mah - GOC:vesicles + A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + basophilic normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + early erythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + early normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + prorubricyte + ISBN:0721601464 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. - regulation of neurological process - regulation of neurological system process - regulation of neurophysiological process - biological_process - GO:0031644 - regulation of nervous system process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + FMA:83506 + intermediate erythroblast + intermediate normoblast + polychromatic erythroblast + polychromatic normoblast + polychromatophilic normoblast + rubricyte + polychromatophilic erythroblast - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - GOC:tb + A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + ISBN:0721601464 - + - regulation of neurological process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + intermediate erythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + intermediate normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + polychromatic erythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + polychromatic normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + polychromatophilic normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + rubricyte + ISBN:0721601464 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. - down regulation of neurological process - down-regulation of neurological process - downregulation of neurological process - negative regulation of neurological process - negative regulation of neurological system process - negative regulation of neurophysiological process - inhibition of neurological process - biological_process - GO:0031645 - negative regulation of nervous system process + + + + + + + + + + + + + The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. + FMA:84646 + acidophilic erythroblast + eosinophilic erythroblast + late erythoblast + orthochromatic normoblast + pyknotic eto enrythroblast + orthochromatic erythroblast - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - GOC:tb + The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. + ISBN:0721601464 - + - negative regulation of neurological process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + acidophilic erythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + eosinophilic erythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + orthochromatic normoblast + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + pyknotic eto enrythroblast + ISBN:0721601464 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. - positive regulation of neurological process - positive regulation of neurological system process - positive regulation of neurophysiological process - up regulation of neurological process - up-regulation of neurological process - upregulation of neurological process - activation of neurological process - stimulation of neurological process - biological_process - GO:0031646 - positive regulation of nervous system process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). + + BTO:0001164 + CALOHA:TS-0610 + FMA:84235 + MESH:D055016 + CFU-Meg + Meg-CFC + MkP + colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte + megacaryoblast + megacaryocyte progenitor cell + megakaryoblast + megakaryocytic progenitor cell + promegacaryocyte + promegakaryocyte + + Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. + megakaryocyte progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - GOC:tb + The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 - + - positive regulation of neurological process - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + CFU-Meg + PMID:11722431 + PMID:12482498 + + + + + Meg-CFC + PMCID:PMC1794060 + + + + + MkP + PMID:21116988 + + + + + megakaryocytic progenitor cell + PMID:12482498 - + - - - Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. - GO:0031988 - NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602 - Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) - cellular_component - membrane-bounded vesicle - membrane-enclosed vesicle - GO:0031982 - - vesicle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. + + BTO:0000843 + CALOHA:TS-0611 + FMA:83555 + megacaryocyte + megalocaryocyte + megalokaryocyte + + + Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. + megakaryocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. - GOC:mah - GOC:pz - GOC:vesicles + A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. + ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:D008533 + PMID:31043076 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - locomotion during locomotory behaviour - biological_process - GO:0031987 - locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. + BTO:0001173 + CALOHA:TS-0864 + MESH:D012156 + + reticulocyte - + + + + true + + + - Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - GOC:mah + An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + PMID:15946868 + PMID:2037622 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - up regulation of insulin secretion - up-regulation of insulin secretion - upregulation of insulin secretion - activation of insulin secretion - stimulation of insulin secretion - biological_process - GO:0032024 - positive regulation of insulin secretion + + + + + + + An erythrocyte having a nucleus. + RBC + red blood cell + nucleate erythrocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - GOC:mah + An erythrocyte having a nucleus. + GOC:add + GOc:tfm - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. - biological_process - GO:0032101 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - regulation of response to external stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. + angioblast + chondroplast + These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. + angioblastic mesenchymal cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. - GOC:mah + A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMID:12768659 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. - down regulation of response to external stimulus - down-regulation of response to external stimulus - downregulation of response to external stimulus - inhibition of response to external stimulus - biological_process - GO:0032102 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - negative regulation of response to external stimulus + A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. + cardiac mesenchymal cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. - GOC:mah + A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. + PMID:18816864 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. - up regulation of response to external stimulus - up-regulation of response to external stimulus - upregulation of response to external stimulus - activation of response to external stimulus - stimulation of response to external stimulus - biological_process - GO:0032103 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - positive regulation of response to external stimulus + One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. + + BTO:0001036 + CALOHA:TS-0866 + FMA:67748 + cone + + retinal cone cell - + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. - GOC:mah + One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. + MESH:D017949 + + + + + cone + doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0032368 - regulation of lipid transport + An epithelial cell of the cornea. + + BTO:0004298 + CALOHA:TS-0173 + FMA:70551 + epithelial cell of cornea + + + corneal epithelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + An epithelial cell of the cornea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epithelial cell of cornea + FMA:70551 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of lipid transport - down-regulation of lipid transport - downregulation of lipid transport - inhibition of lipid transport - biological_process - GO:0032369 - negative regulation of lipid transport + The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. + BTO:0000535 + NCIT:C12597 + VHOG:0001534 + WBbt:0006796 + germ cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. + MESH:D005854 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of lipid transport - up-regulation of lipid transport - upregulation of lipid transport - activation of lipid transport - stimulation of lipid transport - biological_process - GO:0032370 - positive regulation of lipid transport + A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. + androgen secreting cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. - GO:0000141 - GO:0030482 - cellular_component - actin cable - GO:0032432 - actin filament bundle + An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. + red blood cell + RBC + enucleate erythrocyte - + + + + true + + + - An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. - GOC:mah + An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm - + - actin cable - GOC:mah + RBC + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. - - - - - jl - 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z - GO:0044707 - GO:0050874 - organismal physiological process - biological_process - single-multicellular organism process - GO:0032501 - - - multicellular organismal process + One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. + + BTO:0001024 + CALOHA:TS-0870 + FMA:67747 + rod + + retinal rod cell - + - Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. - GOC:curators - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:tb + One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. + MESH:D017948 + + + + + rod + doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 - + - - - A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. - jl - 2012-12-19T12:21:31Z - GO:0044767 - development - biological_process - single-organism developmental process - GO:0032502 - - - - developmental process + + + + + + + + + + A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). + FMA:83625 + MESH:D061354 + acinic cell + acinous cell + acinar cell - + - A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. - GOC:isa_complete + A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). + GOC:tfm + http://www.copewithcytokines.de - + - - - - The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. - biological_process - GO:0032504 - - multicellular organism reproduction + + + A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. + BTO:0002315 + supportive cell + supporting cell - + - The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:jid + A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. + FB:ma + GOC:tfm - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). - monocarboxylate metabolic process - monocarboxylic acid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0032787 - - monocarboxylic acid metabolic process + + + An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. + collagen secreting cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). - GOC:vk + An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - + + + + + - + + - + - All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. - cellular_component - GO:0032838 - plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm + + + + + + + A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. + FMA:70567 + gonocyte + primitive germ cell + primordial germ cell - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. - GOC:krc - GOC:mah + A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. + GOC:tfm + PMID:1381289 - + - + + + + A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. + female gamete + + + + + + true + + + + + A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - regulation of localisation - biological_process - GO:0032879 - regulation of localization + + + + + + + A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. + muscle precursor cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - GOC:mah + A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. + FMA:62938 + FMA:83409 + type F enteroendocrine cell + PP cell + - - - regulation of localisation - GOC:mah + + + A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. + GOC:tfm + JB:jb + PMID:15153415 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 - jl - 2015-01-20T14:32:14Z - GO:1903827 - regulation of cellular protein localisation - regulation of cellular protein localization - regulation of protein localisation - biological_process - GO:0032880 - - regulation of protein localization + Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. + neuroepithelial cell + BTO:0004301 + FMA:70557 + The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). + neurecto-epithelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - GOC:tb - - - - - regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - regulation of protein localisation - GOC:mah + Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. - biological_process - GO:0032881 - regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process + A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. + CALOHA:TS-2086 + MESH:D053687 + somatic stem cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. - GOC:mah + A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. + GO:0048103 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. - biological_process - GO:0032885 - regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. + BTO:0002916 + CALOHA:TS-2157 + FMA:86936 + striated muscle cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. - GOC:mah + Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0032890 - regulation of organic acid transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + + BTO:0000751 + CALOHA:TS-0549 + FMA:62852 + MESH:D007962 + NCIT:C12529 + leucocyte + white blood cell + immune cell + + leukocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0 - + - + + + + + + + + + The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. + + BTO:0001800 + FMA:67765 + MESH:D012165 + gangliocyte + ganglion cell of retina + RGC + RGCs + + + retinal ganglion cell + + + + + The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. + GOC:dph + + + + + RGC + doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 + + + + + + RGCs + doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of organic acid transport - down-regulation of organic acid transport - downregulation of organic acid transport - inhibition of organic acid transport - biological_process - GO:0032891 - negative regulation of organic acid transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. + + FMA:83808 + cardiocyte + BTO:0001539 + CALOHA:TS-0115 + FMA:14067 + MESH:D032383 + cardiac muscle fiber + cardiac myocyte + cardiomyocyte + heart muscle cell + + + This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. + cardiac muscle cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. + GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 + PMID:22426062 + PMID:4711263 + + + + + cardiac muscle fiber + GO:0048739 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of organic acid transport - up-regulation of organic acid transport - upregulation of organic acid transport - activation of organic acid transport - stimulation of organic acid transport - biological_process - GO:0032892 - positive regulation of organic acid transport + A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. + BTO:0001441 + CALOHA:TS-0647 + MESH:D022423 + myeloid cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah + A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. + GOC:add - + - - - - The controlled release of a substance by a cell. - Wikipedia:Secretion - cellular secretion - biological_process - GO:0032940 - secretion by cell + + + A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. + + CALOHA:TS-0290 + FMA:62845 + FMA:83516 + erythropoietic cell + + Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. + erythroid lineage cell - + - The controlled release of a substance by a cell. - GOC:mah + A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm - + - - - - The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. - tissue secretion - biological_process - expulsion of gland contents - GO:0032941 - secretion by tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. + BTO:0001571 + CALOHA:TS-0289 + FMA:83504 + MESH:D004900 + normoblast + + erythroblast - - - The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. - GOC:mah + + + + true - - - expulsion of gland contents - GOC:mah + + + A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. + GOC:add + ISBN:0721601464 + PMID:18174176 - + - - - A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. - GO:0043234 - macromolecular complex - macromolecule complex - protein containing complex - protein complex - protein-protein complex - cellular_component - GO:0032991 - - - - - - A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. - protein-containing complex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. + myeloid leukocyte - + + + + true + + + - A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. - GOC:dos - GOC:mah + A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. + GOC:add - + - - - Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - macromolecule localisation - biological_process - GO:0033036 - - macromolecule localization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. + + BTO:0000725 + CALOHA:TS-0448 + MPP + hemopoietic progenitor cell + + + Markers differ between mouse and human. + hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell - - - Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. - GOC:mah + + + + true - - - macromolecule localisation - GOC:mah + + + A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. - down regulation of catecholamine secretion - down-regulation of catecholamine secretion - downregulation of catecholamine secretion - inhibition of catecholamine secretion - biological_process - GO:0033604 - negative regulation of catecholamine secretion + A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. + + myeloid progenitor cell + BTO:0004730 + CALOHA:TS-2099 + FMA:70339 + + Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. + myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. - GOC:mah + A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. - up regulation of catecholamine secretion - up-regulation of catecholamine secretion - upregulation of catecholamine secretion - activation of catecholamine secretion - stimulation of catecholamine secretion - biological_process - GO:0033605 - positive regulation of catecholamine secretion + A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. + BTO:0000878 + CALOHA:TS-0768 + FMA:86713 + mononuclear leukocyte + peripheral blood mononuclear cell + + mononuclear cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. - GOC:mah + A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. + GOC:add - + - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell. - cellular glycan biosynthesis - cellular glycan biosynthetic process - cellular polysaccharide anabolism - cellular polysaccharide biosynthesis - cellular polysaccharide formation - cellular polysaccharide synthesis - biological_process - GO:0033692 - cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. + FBbt:00005133 + MESH:D059326 + WBbt:0006837 + 5-HT neuron + 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron + serotinergic neuron + serotonergic neuron - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell. - GOC:go_curators + A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. + SANBI:mhl - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells. - biological_process - GO:0034637 - cellular carbohydrate biosynthetic process + + + A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. + BTO:0000574 + CALOHA:TS-2017 + FMA:70366 + FMA:83598 + haematopoietic cell + haemopoietic cell + hemopoietic cell + hematopoietic cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah + A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000031 - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. - GO:0034961 - cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - cellular macromolecule anabolism - cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - cellular macromolecule formation - cellular macromolecule synthesis - biological_process - GO:0034645 - cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue cell found in bone. + + + 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z + + + bone cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - - - - - cellular macromolecule anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule formation - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular macromolecule synthesis - GOC:mah + A connective tissue cell found in bone. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000034 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. - tube lumen formation - biological_process - lumen formation in an anatomical structure - GO:0035148 - tube formation - - - - - Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. - GOC:bf - - - - - tube lumen formation - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - - - - - lumen formation in an anatomical structure - GOC:dph - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - - + + - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - biological_process - GO:0035239 - tube morphogenesis - - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - GOC:bf - PMID:14624839 - - - - - - - - - - + + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. - biological_process - GO:0035295 - tube development - - - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. - PMID:12526790 - - - - - - - - - - The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. - bf - 2010-11-09T10:25:08Z - establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region - establishment of protein localization in extracellular region - biological_process - GO:0035592 - establishment of protein localization to extracellular region - - - - - The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. - GOC:BHF - GOC:bf - - - - - establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. - bf - 2011-12-19T01:47:22Z - biological_process - GO:0036072 - direct ossification - - - - - The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. - GO_REF:0000034 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. - bf - 2012-04-20T10:20:47Z - myocyte projection - muscle arm - myopodia - cellular_component - GO:0036194 - muscle cell projection - - - - - A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. - CL:0000187 - GOC:kmv - PMID:15930100 - PMID:22464329 - - - - - myocyte projection - CL:0000187 - - - - - muscle arm - GOC:kmv - - - - - myopodia - GOC:kmv - - - - - - - - - - + + - The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. - bf - 2014-07-24T10:06:19Z - cellular_component - GO:0036477 - somatodendritic compartment - - - - - The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. - GOC:PARL - GOC:pad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - + + - - Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. - - biological_process - GO:0040011 - - - - locomotion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + + 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z + hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative - + - Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. - GOC:dgh + A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - biological_process - GO:0040012 - regulation of locomotion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). + BTO:0004911 + BFU-E + CFU-E + blast forming unit erythroid + burst forming unit erythroid + colony forming unit erythroid + erythroid stem cell + erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - GOC:ems + A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). + GOC:add + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + BFU-E + + + + + + CFU-E + - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - down regulation of locomotion - down-regulation of locomotion - downregulation of locomotion - inhibition of locomotion - biological_process - GO:0040013 - negative regulation of locomotion - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - - + + - The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. - biological_process - GO:0040016 - embryonic cleavage + + A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. + + 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z + + hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. - GOC:clt - ISBN:0070524300 + A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - up regulation of locomotion - up-regulation of locomotion - upregulation of locomotion - activation of locomotion - stimulation of locomotion - biological_process - GO:0040017 - positive regulation of locomotion + + + + + + + A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. + + 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z + + This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). + hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. - GOC:go_curators + A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - up regulation of embryonic development - up-regulation of embryonic development - upregulation of embryonic development - activation of embryonic development - stimulation of embryonic development - biological_process - GO:0040019 - positive regulation of embryonic development + + + + + + + A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. + + + 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z + BTO:0000028 + CALOHA:TS-0737 + FMA:63032 + acinar cell of pancreas + + pancreatic acinar cell - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - GOC:go_curators + A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + PMID:20395539 + http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). - biological_process - GO:0042074 - cell migration involved in gastrulation + An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. + + 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z + FMA:62939 + type A enteroendocrine cell - + - The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). - GOC:jl - ISBN:0878932437 - http://www.cellmigration.org/ + An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0412046911 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. - - biological_process - regulation of cell proliferation - GO:0042127 - regulation of cell population proliferation + + + Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. + + + 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z + BTO:0001032 + FMA:14146 + Purkinje cell fiber + Purkinje muscle cell + myocytus conducens cardiacus + + Purkinje myocyte - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. - GOC:jl + Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. + FMA:0412046911 + GOC:tfm + PMID:19939742 - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. - ketone metabolism - biological_process - GO:0042180 - - cellular ketone metabolic process + + + A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. + + 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z + pacemaker cell + BTO:0004190 + FMA:67101 + P cell + cardiac pacemaker cell + myocytus nodalis + nodal myocyte - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. - GOC:jl - ISBN:0787650153 + A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. + FMA:67101 + GOC:tfm + + + + + cardiac pacemaker cell + GOC:pr - + - - - Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. - GO:0032844 - GO:0032845 - GO:0032846 - homeostasis - activation of homeostatic process - inhibition of homeostatic process - biological_process - negative regulation of homeostatic process - positive regulation of homeostatic process - regulation of homeostatic process - GO:0042592 - - - - homeostatic process + + + Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. + + 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z + FMA:67142 + transitional myocyte - + - Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. - GOC:jl - ISBN:0395825172 + Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. + FMA:67142 + GOC:tfm - + - - - The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0042886 - - amide transport + + + + The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). + + 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z + FMA:67111 + myocardial endocrine cell - + - The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:jl - ISBN:0198506732 + The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). + FMA:67111 + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + - - + + - A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. - cell process - cellular process - cellular projection - cellular_component - GO:0042995 - - - - - - cell projection + An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. + + 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z + FMA:69075 + endo-epithelial cell - + - A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. - GOC:jl - http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ + An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. + FMA:69075 + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. - - NIF_Subcellular:sao867568886 - neuron process - neuron protrusion - neuronal cell projection - neurite - cellular_component - nerve fiber - GO:0043005 - - neuron projection + An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. + + 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z + FMA:69074 + ecto-epithelial cell - + - A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. - GOC:jl - http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - - - - - neuron protrusion - NIF_Subcellular:sao250931889 - - - - - nerve fiber - GOC:dph + An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. + FMA:69074 + GOC:tfm - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. - biological_process - GO:0043009 - chordate embryonic development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. + + 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z + FMA:69076 + epithelial mesenchymal cell + meso-epithelial cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. - GOC:mtg_sensu + Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. + FMA:69076 + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - + + + + + - + + + - + - - + + - The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. - NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821 - Wikipedia:Soma_(biology) - neuron cell body - neuronal cell soma - cellular_component - GO:0043025 - - Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. - neuronal cell body - - - - - The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GO:0043283 - GO:0044259 - biopolymer metabolic process - macromolecule metabolism - organismal macromolecule metabolism - multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0043170 - - macromolecule metabolic process + Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. + + + 2010-06-30T08:49:43Z + FMA:63099 + + pancreatic ductal cell - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:mah - - - - - biopolymer metabolic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 + + + + true - - - - - - - - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. - NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 - Wikipedia:Organelle - cellular_component - GO:0043226 - - - - - organelle - - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. + FMA:63099 + GOC:tfm + PMID:14740223 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + - - + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. - NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 - membrane-enclosed organelle - cellular_component - GO:0043227 - membrane-bounded organelle + + + + + + + A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. + + + 2010-06-30T08:49:52Z + FMA:62455 + centroacinar cell of Langerhans + pancreatic centroacinar cell + + pancreatic centro-acinar cell - + + + + true + + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. + GOC:tfm + PMID:12142741 + PMID:20018761 + PMID:8185160 - + - - - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21881 - NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 - non-membrane-enclosed organelle - biological condensate - cellular_component - GO:0043228 - - non-membrane-bounded organelle + + + A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. + + 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z + FMA:67968 + specialized cardiac myocyte - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - GOC:go_curators + A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. + FMA:67968 + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. - cellular_component - GO:0043229 - - intracellular organelle + A leukocyte that lacks granules. + + 2010-07-22T11:30:33Z + FMA:62855 + agranular leukocyte + + nongranular leukocyte - + + + + true + + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + A leukocyte that lacks granules. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. - cellular_component - GO:0043230 - - extracellular organelle + This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. + + + 2010-07-22T03:26:00Z + BTO:0003914 + FMA:86573 + ICC + intestinal pacemaker cell + + Some argue this cell type is of mesenchymal origin. + interstitial cell of Cajal - + + + + true + + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. - GOC:jl - PMID:9914479 + This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. + GOC:tfm + PMID:16460275 + PMID:19520112 + + + + + intestinal pacemaker cell + GOC:pr - + - + - + - + - - + + - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. - intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle - cellular_component - GO:0043231 - - intracellular membrane-bounded organelle + A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. + + 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z + BTO:0004850 + FMA:83621 + MESH:D001854 + MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. + bone marrow cell - + + + + true + + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. - GOC:go_curators + A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0618947256 - + - + + + + A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. + + + 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z + FMA:18710 + hilar cell of ovary + + hilus cell of ovary + + + + + A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:068340007X + + + + + + + - + - + - - + - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle - cellular_component - GO:0043232 - - intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle + A stomal cell of the ovary + + 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z + FMA:72299 + ovarian stromal cell + stromal cell of ovary - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. - GOC:go_curators + A stomal cell of the ovary + GOC:tfm + + + + + ovarian stromal cell + GOC:cjm - + - + + + An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. + + 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z + BTO:0001854 + CALOHA:TS-1106 + FMA:67755 + vascular endothelial cell + cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree + These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. + endothelial cell of vascular tree + + + + + An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMID:12768659 + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. - regulation of carbohydrate anabolism - regulation of carbohydrate biosynthesis - regulation of carbohydrate formation - regulation of carbohydrate synthesis - biological_process - GO:0043255 - regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process + An endothelial cell found in capillaries. + + + 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z + BTO:0004956 + CALOHA:TS-0112 + FMA:67756 + + capillary endothelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. - GOC:jl + An endothelial cell found in capillaries. + GOC:tfm - + - + + + Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. + + 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z + FMA:70556 + general ecto-epithelial cell + + + + + Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + - + - + - - + - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. - extracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle - cellular_component - GO:0043264 - extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle + An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. + + 2010-08-25T03:22:08Z + FMA:62948 + epithelial cell of stomach - + + + + true + + + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0043269 - regulation of ion transport + A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. + + 2010-08-25T03:38:51Z + FMA:63464 + mucous cell of stomach - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:jl + A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of ion transport - up-regulation of ion transport - upregulation of ion transport - activation of ion transport - stimulation of ion transport - biological_process - GO:0043270 - positive regulation of ion transport + A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. + + 2010-08-25T03:57:08Z + FMA:62953 + stem cell of gastric gland - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:jl + A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of ion transport - down-regulation of ion transport - downregulation of ion transport - inhibition of ion transport - biological_process - GO:0043271 - negative regulation of ion transport + A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). + + 2010-08-30T02:00:42Z + FMA:86577 + HpSC + hepatic stem cell + https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:jl + A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). + GOC:tfm + PMID:26798363 + + + + + HpSC + PMID:18442648 + - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). - keto acid metabolic process - keto acid metabolism - ketoacid metabolic process - ketoacid metabolism - oxo acid metabolic process - oxo acid metabolism - oxoacid metabolism - biological_process - GO:0043436 - oxoacid metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. + + 2010-09-07T10:38:03Z + FMA:70950 + + vertebrate lens cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). - Wikipedia:Oxyacid + A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. - biological_process - GO:0043467 - regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy + A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. + + + 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z + FMA:67559 + + lens epithelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. - GOC:jl + A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. - biological_process - GO:0043470 - regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process + A fibroblast in the bone marrow. + + 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z + FMA:84377 + marrow fibroblast - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. - GOC:mlg + A fibroblast in the bone marrow. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells. - biological_process - GO:0043471 - regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process + A cell containing at least one nucleus. + + 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z + FMA:67513 + nucleate cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl + A cell containing at least one nucleus. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. - biological_process - GO:0043576 - regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + + + + + + + A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. + + 2010-09-08T08:53:42Z + FMA:70611 + smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil + smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil + smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. - GOC:jl + A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + ISBN:0721694128 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. - biological_process - GO:0043900 - regulation of multi-organism process + A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). + + 2010-09-07T03:57:09Z + BTO:0002669 + FMA:86711 + MESH:D000072916 + PBSC + peripheral blood stem cell - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. - GOC:jl + + + + true - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - glucan metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044042 - glucan metabolic process - - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. - GOC:jl + A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. - biological_process - GO:0044057 - regulation of system process + An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. + + 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z + epithelial cell of alimentary canal - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - biological_process - GO:0044058 - regulation of digestive system process + An epithelial cell of the esophagus. + + 2010-09-08T09:28:20Z + FMA:63071 + epithelial cell of esophagus - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell of the esophagus. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. - regulation of endocrine system process - biological_process - GO:0044060 - regulation of endocrine process + An epithelial cell of the large intestine. + + 2010-09-08T09:28:22Z + BTO:0004297 + FMA:256157 + epithelial cell of colon + epithelial cell of large intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell of the large intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - biological_process - GO:0044062 - regulation of excretion + An epithelial cell of the small intestine. + + 2010-09-08T09:41:46Z + FMA:256159 + epithelial cell of small intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell of the small intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. - biological_process - GO:0044065 - regulation of respiratory system process + An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. + + + 2010-09-14T10:57:26Z + FMA:63134 + + endothelial cell of sinusoid - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. - GOC:jl + An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0618947256 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0044070 - regulation of anion transport + A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. + + 2010-09-10T10:54:42Z + FMA:83411 + type A cell of stomach - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:jl + A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - jl - 2009-04-21T04:07:27Z - biological_process - GO:0044092 - negative regulation of molecular function + A D cell located in the colon. + + 2010-09-10T11:37:35Z + FMA:268744 + colon D-cell + colonic delta cell + delta cell of colon + type D cell of colon - + - Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - GO:jl + A D cell located in the colon. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - jl - 2009-04-21T04:11:06Z - biological_process - GO:0044093 - positive regulation of molecular function - - - - - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - GO:jl - - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - cellular metabolism - biological_process - intermediary metabolism - GO:0044237 - - cellular metabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - intermediary metabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. - primary metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044238 - - primary metabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. - GOC:go_curators - http://www.metacyc.org - - - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells. - cellular polysaccharide breakdown - cellular polysaccharide catabolism - cellular polysaccharide degradation - biological_process - GO:0044247 - cellular polysaccharide catabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl - - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - cellular breakdown - cellular catabolism - cellular degradation - biological_process - GO:0044248 - cellular catabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl - - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - cellular anabolism - cellular biosynthesis - cellular formation - cellular synthesis - biological_process - GO:0044249 - cellular biosynthetic process + A type D cell of the small intestine. + + 2010-09-10T01:34:22Z + FMA:268736 + delta cell of small intestine + small intestine D-cell + small intestine delta cell + type D cell of small intestine - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl + A type D cell of the small intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GO:0034960 - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - cellular macromolecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044260 - cellular macromolecule metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A type D cell found in the stomach. + + 2010-09-10T01:36:03Z + FMA:83410 + delta cell of stomach + stomach D-cell + stomach delta cell + type D cell of stomach - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:mah - - - - - cellular biopolymer metabolic process - GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 + A type D cell found in the stomach. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GO:0006092 - cellular carbohydrate metabolism - main pathways of carbohydrate metabolic process - main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044262 - cellular carbohydrate metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. + + + 2010-09-10T03:30:31Z + BTO:0000805 + FMA:70588 + MESH:D050418 + PP cell of pancreatic islet + PP-cell of pancreatic islet + pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell + + The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell. + pancreatic PP cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl + A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. - cellular glycan metabolic process - cellular glycan metabolism - cellular polysaccharide metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044264 - cellular polysaccharide metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of a skin gland. + + 2010-09-14T12:00:07Z + FMA:70657 + epithelial cell of gland of skin + epithelial cell of skin gland - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl + An epithelial cell of a skin gland. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - cellular carbohydrate breakdown - cellular carbohydrate catabolism - cellular carbohydrate degradation - biological_process - GO:0044275 - cellular carbohydrate catabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell that is part of the nervous system. + + 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z + CALOHA:TS-2040 + FMA:70333 + neural cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. - GOC:jl + A cell that is part of the nervous system. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0618947256 - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. - jl - 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z - small molecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0044281 - - - - Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. - small molecule metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. + + 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z + CALOHA:TS-2096 + FMA:63875 + MESH:D003239 + connective tissue cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. - GOC:curators - GOC:pde - GOC:vw + A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0618947256 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. - jl - 2010-01-26T12:06:49Z - small molecule biosynthesis - biological_process - GO:0044283 - - Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. - small molecule biosynthetic process + + + A cell of the embryo. + + 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z + CALOHA:TS-0263 + FMA:82840 + WBbt:0007028 + embryonic cell (metazoa) - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. - GOC:curators - GOC:pde - GOC:vw + A cell of the embryo. + FMA:0618947256 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. - - jl - 2010-02-05T10:37:16Z - FBbt:00005107 - FMA:67301 - Wikipedia:Cell_body - cell soma - cellular_component - GO:0044297 - Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. - cell body + An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. + + 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z + neural crest derived adipocyte - + - The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. - GOC:go_curators + An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. + GOC:tfm + PMID:17507398 - + - - - - A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. - jl - 2012-09-19T15:56:30Z - biological_process - GO:0044703 - - multi-organism reproductive process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. + + + 2010-09-21T04:33:05Z + FMA:75621 + endocardial endothelial cell + endothelial cell of endocardium + + endocardial cell - + + + + true + + + - A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. - GOC:jl + An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. + GOC:tfm + ISSN:0452-3458 + + + + + endothelial cell of endocardium + FMA:75621 - + - - - - The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. - establishment of protein localisation - protein positioning - protein recruitment - biological_process - GO:0045184 - establishment of protein localization + + + A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. + + 2010-09-21T04:41:06Z + pancreatic endocrine progenitor + pancreatic islet progenitor cell + progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas - + - The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. - GOC:bf - - - - - establishment of protein localisation - GOC:mah + A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20025937 + PMID:20217494 + PMID:22728667 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - down regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - down-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - downregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - negative regulation of glycogen anabolism - negative regulation of glycogen biosynthesis - negative regulation of glycogen formation - negative regulation of glycogen synthesis - inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0045719 - negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. + + 2010-09-22T09:05:13Z + gestational hematopoietic stem cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators + A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:978-60327-246-6 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - positive regulation of glycogen anabolism - positive regulation of glycogen biosynthesis - positive regulation of glycogen formation - positive regulation of glycogen synthesis - up regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - up-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - upregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - activation of glycogen biosynthetic process - stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0045725 - positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + + + + + + + A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. + + + 2010-09-22T01:57:40Z + corneal fibroblast + corneal keratocyte + + + keratocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators + A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:9780702029585 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. - biological_process - GO:0045765 - regulation of angiogenesis + An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. + + 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z + BTO:0004533 + airway epithelial cell + respiratory epithelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. - GOC:go_curators + An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. - up regulation of angiogenesis - up-regulation of angiogenesis - upregulation of angiogenesis - activation of angiogenesis - stimulation of angiogenesis - biological_process - GO:0045766 - positive regulation of angiogenesis + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. + + 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z + FBbt:00005812 + myotubule + single cell sarcomere + myotube - + - Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. - GOC:go_curators + A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. + GOC:dos + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 + PMID:22274696 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - positive regulation of bone biosynthesis - positive regulation of bone formation - up regulation of ossification - up-regulation of ossification - upregulation of ossification - activation of ossification - stimulation of ossification - biological_process - GO:0045778 - positive regulation of ossification + A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. + + 2010-10-15T09:24:05Z + nucleated reticulocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. - GOC:go_curators + A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. + GOC:tfm + PMID:18182572 + PMID:9011180 + PMID:9046052 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - down regulation of glycogen catabolic process - down-regulation of glycogen catabolic process - downregulation of glycogen catabolic process - negative regulation of glycogen breakdown - negative regulation of glycogen catabolism - negative regulation of glycogen degradation - negative regulation of glycogenolysis - inhibition of glycogen catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045818 - negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process + + + + + + + A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. + + 2010-10-15T09:24:08Z + CALOHA:TS-0864 + FMA:66785 + enucleated reticulocyte - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators + + + + true - - - negative regulation of glycogenolysis - GOC:sl + + + A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0-12203-052-4 + ISBN:0721601464 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - positive regulation of glycogen breakdown - positive regulation of glycogen catabolism - positive regulation of glycogen degradation - positive regulation of glycogenolysis - up regulation of glycogen catabolic process - up-regulation of glycogen catabolic process - upregulation of glycogen catabolic process - activation of glycogen catabolic process - stimulation of glycogen catabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045819 - positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process + A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. + + 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z + BTO:0001539 + CALOHA:TS-0115 + FMA:83808 + FMA:84791 + heart cell + From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. + cardiocyte - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - positive regulation of glycogenolysis - GOC:sl + A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. - down regulation of heart contraction - down-regulation of heart contraction - downregulation of heart contraction - inhibition of heart contraction - biological_process - negative regulation of cardiac contraction - GO:0045822 - negative regulation of heart contraction + A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc + + 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z + BTO:0002441 + FMA:84639 + adventitial cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. - GOC:go_curators + A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. - positive regulation of cardiac contraction - up regulation of heart contraction - up-regulation of heart contraction - upregulation of heart contraction - activation of heart contraction - stimulation of heart contraction - biological_process - GO:0045823 - positive regulation of heart contraction + A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. + + 2011-01-17T03:39:38Z + intestinal smooth muscle cell + enteric smooth muscle cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. - GOC:go_curators + A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - down regulation of lipid metabolic process - down-regulation of lipid metabolic process - downregulation of lipid metabolic process - negative regulation of lipid metabolism - inhibition of lipid metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045833 - negative regulation of lipid metabolic process + An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. + + + 2011-02-21T02:51:22Z + subcutaneous fat cell + + subcutaneous adipocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - GOC:go_curators + An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - positive regulation of lipid metabolism - up regulation of lipid metabolic process - up-regulation of lipid metabolic process - upregulation of lipid metabolic process - activation of lipid metabolic process - stimulation of lipid metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045834 - positive regulation of lipid metabolic process + An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. + + 2011-02-28T01:20:20Z + small bile duct cholangiocyte + intrahepatic cholangiocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. - GOC:go_curators + An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. + GOC:tfm + PMID:23720296 + + + + + small bile duct cholangiocyte + PMID:23720296 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. - down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism - inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045912 - negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. + + 2011-02-28T01:42:12Z + BTO:0004577 + aortic smooth muscle cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. - GOC:go_curators + A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. - positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism - up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - activation of carbohydrate metabolic process - stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045913 - positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. + + 2011-02-28T01:47:47Z + mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. - GOC:go_curators + A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - down regulation of muscle contraction - down-regulation of muscle contraction - downregulation of muscle contraction - inhibition of muscle contraction - biological_process - GO:0045932 - negative regulation of muscle contraction + An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. + + + 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z + FMA:62104 + KUPO:0001099 + endothelial cell of vein + venous endothelial cell + + vein endothelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. + GOC:tfm - + - + + + An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. + + 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z + See CL:0002619. + embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell + + + + + An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - up regulation of muscle contraction - up-regulation of muscle contraction - upregulation of muscle contraction - activation of muscle contraction - stimulation of muscle contraction - biological_process - GO:0045933 - positive regulation of muscle contraction + A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. + + 2011-02-28T04:43:41Z + fibroblast of the aortic adventitia - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - down regulation of steroid metabolic process - down-regulation of steroid metabolic process - downregulation of steroid metabolic process - negative regulation of steroid metabolism - inhibition of steroid metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045939 - negative regulation of steroid metabolic process + A fibroblast that is part of the heart. + + 2011-02-28T04:57:44Z + cardiac fibroblast + fibroblast of cardiac tissue - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - GOC:go_curators + A fibroblast that is part of the heart. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - positive regulation of steroid metabolism - up regulation of steroid metabolic process - up-regulation of steroid metabolic process - upregulation of steroid metabolic process - activation of steroid metabolic process - stimulation of steroid metabolic process - biological_process - GO:0045940 - positive regulation of steroid metabolic process + + 2011-02-28T05:05:33Z + fibroblast of dermis - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. - GOC:go_curators + + + + true - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - down regulation of smooth muscle contraction - down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction - downregulation of smooth muscle contraction - inhibition of smooth muscle contraction - biological_process - smooth muscle relaxation - GO:0045986 - negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction + A fibroblast that is part of lung. + + 2011-02-28T05:11:03Z + BTO:0000764 + CALOHA:TS-0575 + fibroblast of lung - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + A fibroblast that is part of lung. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - up regulation of smooth muscle contraction - up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction - upregulation of smooth muscle contraction - activation of smooth muscle contraction - stimulation of smooth muscle contraction - biological_process - GO:0045987 - positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction + A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. + + + 2011-02-28T05:22:27Z + + fibroblast of pulmonary artery - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. - GOC:go_curators + A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - down regulation of embryonic development - down-regulation of embryonic development - downregulation of embryonic development - inhibition of embryonic development - biological_process - GO:0045992 - negative regulation of embryonic development + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the intestine. + + 2011-03-01T05:18:31Z + intestinal epithelial cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - GOC:go_curators + An epithelial cell of the intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - biological_process - GO:0045995 - regulation of embryonic development - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. - carboxylic acid anabolism - carboxylic acid biosynthesis - carboxylic acid formation - carboxylic acid synthesis - biological_process - GO:0046394 - carboxylic acid biosynthetic process + A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. + + 2011-03-01T09:57:17Z + mesenchymal stem cell of adipose + mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. - ISBN:0198506732 + A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - down regulation of insulin secretion - down-regulation of insulin secretion - downregulation of insulin secretion - inhibition of insulin secretion - biological_process - GO:0046676 - negative regulation of insulin secretion - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. - biological_process - GO:0046717 - acid secretion + A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. + + 2011-03-01T09:58:51Z + hepatic mesenchymal stem cell - - - The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. - GOC:ai + + + + true - - - - - - - - - The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. - biological_process - GO:0046879 - hormone secretion - - + - The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. - ISBN:0198506732 + A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - biological_process - GO:0046883 - regulation of hormone secretion + A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. + + 2011-03-01T10:40:27Z + vertebral mesenchymal stem cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - GOC:ai + A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - up regulation of hormone secretion - up-regulation of hormone secretion - upregulation of hormone secretion - activation of hormone secretion - stimulation of hormone secretion - biological_process - GO:0046887 - positive regulation of hormone secretion + A stromal cell of the pancreas. + + + 2011-03-02T02:40:41Z + + stromal cell of pancreas - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - GOC:ai + A stromal cell of the pancreas. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - down regulation of hormone secretion - down-regulation of hormone secretion - downregulation of hormone secretion - inhibition of hormone secretion - biological_process - GO:0046888 - negative regulation of hormone secretion + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. + + + 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z + + + retinal blood vessel endothelial cell - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. - GOC:ai + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - positive regulation of lipid anabolism - positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis - positive regulation of lipid formation - positive regulation of lipid synthesis - positive regulation of lipogenesis - up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process - activation of lipid biosynthetic process - stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0046889 - positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. + + 2011-03-06T05:00:58Z + smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - GOC:ai + + + + true - - - positive regulation of lipogenesis - GOC:sl + + + A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - regulation of lipid anabolism - regulation of lipid biosynthesis - regulation of lipid formation - regulation of lipid synthesis - regulation of lipogenesis - biological_process - GO:0046890 - regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. + + 2011-03-06T05:01:20Z + smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - GOC:ai - - - - - regulation of lipogenesis - GOC:sl + + + + true - - - - - - - - The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. - biological_process - GO:0046903 - - secretion - - + - The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. - GOC:ai + A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. + GOC:tfm - + - - - The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). - biological_process - GO:0046942 - carboxylic acid transport + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. + + + 2011-03-06T05:01:28Z + BTO:0003336 + + smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery - - - The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). - GOC:ai + + + + true - - - - - - - - - - The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. - noradrenaline secretion - biological_process - GO:0048243 - norepinephrine secretion - - + - The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. - GOC:ef - GOC:jid + A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. - biological_process - GO:0048332 - mesoderm morphogenesis + A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. + + 2011-03-06T05:01:52Z + smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery - + + + + true + + + - The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. - GOC:go_curators + A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. - Wikipedia:Organogenesis - development of an organ - organogenesis - biological_process - GO:0048513 - animal organ development + Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. + + 2011-03-06T05:01:56Z + smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery - + + + + true + + + - Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. - GOC:dph - GOC:jid + Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. - biological_process - GO:0048514 - blood vessel morphogenesis + A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. + + 2011-03-06T05:48:17Z + smooth muscle cell of the esophagus - + + + + true + + + - The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. - GOC:jid + A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GO:0043119 - positive regulation of physiological process - up regulation of biological process - up-regulation of biological process - upregulation of biological process - activation of biological process - stimulation of biological process - biological_process - GO:0048518 - - positive regulation of biological process + A neuron of the raphe nuclei. + + 2011-03-06T07:42:06Z + raphe nuclei neuron - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:jid + A neuron of the raphe nuclei. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GO:0043118 - down regulation of biological process - down-regulation of biological process - downregulation of biological process - negative regulation of physiological process - inhibition of biological process - biological_process - GO:0048519 - - negative regulation of biological process + A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. + + 2011-03-06T07:46:03Z + neuron of the ventral spinal cord - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:jid + A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - up regulation of behavior - up-regulation of behavior - upregulation of behavior - activation of behavior - stimulation of behavior - biological_process - GO:0048520 - positive regulation of behavior + A fibroblast of skin. + + + 2011-03-14T12:31:49Z + BTO:0001255 + CALOHA:TS-0935 + + skin fibroblast - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - GOC:jid - GOC:pr + A fibroblast of skin. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - down regulation of behavior - down-regulation of behavior - downregulation of behavior - inhibition of behavior - biological_process - GO:0048521 - negative regulation of behavior + + 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z + epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - GOC:jid - GOC:pr + + + + true - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GO:0051242 - positive regulation of cellular physiological process - up regulation of cellular process - up-regulation of cellular process - upregulation of cellular process - activation of cellular process - stimulation of cellular process - biological_process - GO:0048522 - - positive regulation of cellular process + A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. + + 2011-07-08T03:55:57Z + FMA:86548 + glandular cell of esophagus - + + + + true + + + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:jid + A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GO:0051243 - down regulation of cellular process - down-regulation of cellular process - downregulation of cellular process - negative regulation of cellular physiological process - inhibition of cellular process - biological_process - GO:0048523 - - negative regulation of cellular process + A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. + + 2011-07-08T04:03:01Z + FMA:87194 + glandular cell of the large intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:jid + A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. + GOC:tfm - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. - haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development - haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development - hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development - biological_process - GO:0048534 - hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development + A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. + + 2011-07-11T01:20:35Z + CALOHA:TS-1284 + FMA:86554 + glandular cell of stomach - + + + + true + + + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. - GOC:add - GOC:rl - ISBN:0781735149 + A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - biological_process - GO:0048580 - regulation of post-embryonic development + A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. + + 2011-07-11T02:45:39Z + FMA:83389 + myocardial endocrine cell of atrium - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - GOC:jid + A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. + GOC:tfm - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. + + 2011-07-11T03:15:38Z + cardiovascular progenitor cell + CPC + Discrepancy in develops from origins prevents me from making the assertion that cardioblasts give rise to all instances of cardiocytes as we state cardiac muscle cells develop from cardiac myoblast, which in turn develop from muscle stem cell. + cardioblast + + + + + A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19745164 + + + + + cardiovascular progenitor cell + PMID:17519333 + PMID:19745164 + + + + + CPC + PMID:19745164 + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - down regulation of post-embryonic development - down-regulation of post-embryonic development - downregulation of post-embryonic development - inhibition of post-embryonic development - biological_process - GO:0048581 - negative regulation of post-embryonic development + A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. + + 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z + retinal progenitor cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - GOC:jid + A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20959166 + PMID:21148186 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - up regulation of post-embryonic development - up-regulation of post-embryonic development - upregulation of post-embryonic development - activation of post-embryonic development - stimulation of post-embryonic development - biological_process - GO:0048582 - positive regulation of post-embryonic development + A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. + + 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z + neural crest derived neuroblast - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. - GOC:jid + A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. + GOC:tfm + PMID:17407019 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - biological_process - GO:0048583 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - regulation of response to stimulus + A PP cell found in intestine. + + 2011-09-27T11:59:01Z + PP cell of intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + A PP cell found in intestine. + GOC:tfm + PMID:2420136 + PMID:728970 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - up regulation of response to stimulus - up-regulation of response to stimulus - upregulation of response to stimulus - activation of response to stimulus - stimulation of response to stimulus - biological_process - GO:0048584 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - positive regulation of response to stimulus + A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. + Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. + spinal cord interneuron - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. + CL:CVS - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - down regulation of response to stimulus - down-regulation of response to stimulus - downregulation of response to stimulus - inhibition of response to stimulus - biological_process - GO:0048585 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - negative regulation of response to stimulus + + + + + + + A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. + somatic motor neuron + somatomotor neuron - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. - GOC:jid + A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. + ZFIN:CVS - + - - - - - - - - - The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. - GO:0048828 - embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0048598 - embryonic morphogenesis + + + Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. + hepatoblast + https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 - + - The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. - GOC:jid - GOC:mtg_sensu + Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. + GOC:CVS + PMID:18356246 + PMID:20483998 + PMID:26798363 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740 + + + + + + + + + Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). + + 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z + scleroblast + Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) + skeletogenic cell + + + + + Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). + GO_REF:0000034 - + - embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + scleroblast + GO_REF:0000034 - + - - + + + - + - The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. - organismal reproductive process - reproductive process in a multicellular organism - biological_process - GO:0048609 - multicellular organismal reproductive process + + + + + + + Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. + + 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z + premigratory neural crest cell - + - The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. - GOC:dph - GOC:jid - GOC:tb + Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. + UBERONREF:0000002 - + - - - - - - - - - The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. - formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis - biological_process - GO:0048646 - - Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. - anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis + + + Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. + + 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z + prechondroblast - + - The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. - GOC:dph - GOC:jid - GOC:tb + Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. + GO_REF:0000034 + + + + + + + + Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. + non-striated muscle cell + - - - formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. + GOC:DOS - + - - - - - - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. - biological_process - GO:0048729 - tissue morphogenesis + + + Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. + hematopoietic precursor cell - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. - GOC:dph - GOC:jid + Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. - biological_process - GO:0048731 - - system development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + MESH:D018485 + skeletal muscle fiber - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. - GOC:dph - GOC:jid + A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. - biological_process - tubulogenesis - GO:0048754 - branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube + A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. + FBbt:00005070 + visceral muscle cell - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. - GOC:dgh - GOC:dph - GOC:jid - - - - - tubulogenesis - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. + GOC:dos - + - - - A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. - cellular_component - GO:0048770 - pigment granule + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. + striated visceral muscle cell - + - A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. - GOC:jid - GOC:mh + A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. + GOC:dos - + - - - The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. - development of an anatomical structure - biological_process - GO:0048856 - - - - anatomical structure development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. + transversely striated visceral muscle cell - + - The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. - GO_REF:0000021 + A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. + GOC:dos - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809 - cell locomotion - movement of a cell - biological_process - cell movement - GO:0048870 - - - - - cell motility + + + + + + + A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. + myogenic precursor cell + The vast majority of these cells develop from skeletal muscle satellite cells, although there are some reports of other origins. + adult skeletal muscle myoblast - + - Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. - GOC:dgh - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mlg + A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. + PMID:23303905 - - - - - - - - - Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. - biological_process - GO:0048871 - multicellular organismal homeostasis - - - - Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. - GOC:isa_complete + + + myogenic precursor cell + PMID:23303905 - + - - - - The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. - biological_process - GO:0050432 - catecholamine secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. + + mesenchyme cell + + mesenchymal cell - - - - The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. - GOC:ai - GOC:ef - - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. - biological_process - GO:0050433 - regulation of catecholamine secretion + A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. + endocardial cushion cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. - GOC:ai + A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. + PMID:18816864 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - biological_process - GO:0050708 - regulation of protein secretion + An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. + + + pancreatic endocrine cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - GOC:ai + An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - down regulation of protein secretion - down-regulation of protein secretion - downregulation of protein secretion - inhibition of protein secretion - biological_process - GO:0050709 - negative regulation of protein secretion + A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. + noradrenergic neuron - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - GOC:ai + A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - up regulation of protein secretion - up-regulation of protein secretion - upregulation of protein secretion - activation of protein secretion - stimulation of protein secretion - biological_process - GO:0050714 - positive regulation of protein secretion + + 2017-07-09T19:12:36Z + visual system neuron + + + + + + + + + Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. + + + 2020-02-29T17:33:55Z + + + mural cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. - GOC:ai + Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. + Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - biological_process - GO:0050776 - regulation of immune response + + 2020-02-29T17:37:00Z + microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - down regulation of immune response - down-regulation of immune response - downregulation of immune response - inhibition of immune response - biological_process - GO:0050777 - negative regulation of immune response + A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. + spinal sensory neuron + sensory neuron of spinal nerve - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - GOC:ai + A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. + GOC:nv + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - up regulation of immune response - up-regulation of immune response - upregulation of immune response - stimulation of immune response - biological_process - GO:0050778 - positive regulation of immune response + Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. + GOC:pr + PMID:12021768 + compound eye retinal cell - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GO:0050791 - regulation of physiological process - biological_process - GO:0050789 - - - - - regulation of biological process + Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + PMID:10702418 + + retinal cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. - GOC:ai - GOC:go_curators + Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - biological_process - GO:0050793 - regulation of developmental process + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. + + small intestine enteroendocrine cell + + enteroendocrine cell of small intestine - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - GOC:go_curators + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GO:0051244 - regulation of cellular physiological process - biological_process - GO:0050794 - - regulation of cellular process + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. + + + stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. - GOC:go_curators + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - regulation of behaviour - biological_process - GO:0050795 - regulation of behavior + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. + + + stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. - GOC:go_curators - GOC:pr + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - biological_process - GO:0050796 - regulation of insulin secretion + A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. + + + mesothelial cell of small intestine - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. - GOC:ai + A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - - + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - regulation of steroid anabolism - regulation of steroid biosynthesis - regulation of steroid formation - regulation of steroid synthesis - regulation of steroidogenesis - biological_process - GO:0050810 - regulation of steroid biosynthetic process - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. - GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 - neurological system process - neurophysiological process - biological_process - pan-neural process - GO:0050877 - - - - - - nervous system process - - - - - A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. - GOC:ai - GOC:mtg_cardio - - - - - - - - - Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. - biological_process - GO:0050878 - - regulation of body fluid levels - - - - - Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. - GOC:ai - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - - - - - - - - - The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. - endocrine physiological process - endocrine physiology - biological_process - GO:0050886 - - - endocrine process + A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. + + mesothelial cell of large intestine + + mesothelial cell of colon - + - The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. - ISBN:0721662544 + A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 - + - - - The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. - Wikipedia:Cognition - biological_process - GO:0050890 - - cognition + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. + + stromal cell of colon lamina propria + + stromal cell of lamina propria of colon - + - The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. - ISBN:0721619908 + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. - GO:0051869 - physiological response to stimulus - biological_process - GO:0050896 - - - - - - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - response to stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. + + colon enteroendocrine cell + + enteroendocrine cell of colon - + - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. - GOC:ai - GOC:bf + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - + - + - + - + - + - The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) - sensory detection of stimulus - sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus - sensory perception, stimulus detection - sensory transduction - biological_process - GO:0050906 - detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception + A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. + + anorectum smooth muscle cell + + smooth muscle cell of anorectum - + - The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - GOC:dph + A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - + - + - + + + + + - - + - + - The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - sensory detection of light during visual perception - sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception - sensory transduction of light during visual perception - sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception - visual perception, detection of light stimulus - visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light - visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus - biological_process - GO:0050908 - detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception + + + + + + + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. + + + stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria - + - The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos + A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - biological_process - GO:0050952 - sensory perception of electrical stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. + + anorectum enteroendocrine cell + + enteroendocrine cell of anorectum - + - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - GOC:ai + An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - biological_process - GO:0050953 - sensory perception of light stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. + + 2021-12-13T14:01:05Z + portal endothelial cell + EFO:0010704 + + endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein - + - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - GOC:ai + An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. + PMID:30348985 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - mechanosensory perception - perception of mechanical stimulus - biological_process - chemi-mechanical coupling - GO:0050954 - sensory perception of mechanical stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. + + 2022-02-21T15:39:10Z + embryonic skeletal muscle fiber - + - The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. - GOC:ai + A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. + PMID:32094117 + PMID:7196501 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location. - Wikipedia:Electroreception - electroception sense - electroceptive sense - biological_process - GO:0050956 - electroception + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. + + + 2022-03-17T12:00:44Z + portal fibroblast + + hepatic portal fibroblast - + - The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location. - GOC:ai - PMID:10210663 - Wikipedia:Electroreception + A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. + PMID:20209607 + PMID:24814904 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 - + - + - + - + - - + + - + + A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow. + + bone marrow stromal cell + stromal cell of bone marrow + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. - sensory detection of light stimulus - sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception - sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus - sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus - sensory transduction of light stimulus - sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception - biological_process - GO:0050962 - detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception + A mononuclear cell that is part_of a bone marrow. + + bone marrow mononuclear cell + mononuclear cell of bone marrow - - - - The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - + - + - + - + - - + + - + + cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. - sensory detection of electrical stimulus - sensory detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception - sensory perception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus - sensory perception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus - sensory transduction of electrical stimulus - sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during sensory perception - biological_process - GO:0050963 - detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception + His-Purkinje system cell - - - - The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - + - + - + - + - + + - + - The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - electroception, detection of electrical stimulus - electroception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus - electroception, sensory transduction - electroception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus - biological_process - detection of electrical stimulus during electroreception - sensory detection of electrical stimulus during electroception - sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during electroception - GO:0050964 - detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception + + + cardiac endothelial cell - - - - The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - - - - detection of electrical stimulus during electroreception - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - - + - + - + - + - - + + - + - The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - perception of pain, detection of electrical stimulus - perception of pain, sensory detection of electrical stimulus - perception of pain, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus - biological_process - detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain - sensory detection of electrical stimulus during perception of pain - sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during perception of pain - GO:0050967 - detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain + camera type eye photoreceptor cell + camera-type eye photoreceptor cell - - - - The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - - - - - detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - - + - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). - Wikipedia:Touch - perception of touch - tactile sense - taction - tactition - biological_process - GO:0050975 - sensory perception of touch + + + A zygote in a plant or an animal. + MESH:D015053 + zygote + - - - - The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). - GOC:ai - - + - - - - The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - biological_process - GO:0050981 - detection of electrical stimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cardiac glial cell - - - - The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - biological_process - GO:0051046 - regulation of secretion + MESH:D032386 + cardiac myoblast - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - up regulation of secretion - up-regulation of secretion - upregulation of secretion - activation of secretion - stimulation of secretion - biological_process - GO:0051047 - positive regulation of secretion + A neuron that has its soma in the heart. + This term is used in 3 GO terms that were created as part of the heart development focus project. + cardiac neuron + https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/pull/1488 - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:ai + A neuron that has its soma in the heart. + PMID:12486170 + PMID:29265764 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - down regulation of secretion - down-regulation of secretion - downregulation of secretion - inhibition of secretion - biological_process - GO:0051048 - negative regulation of secretion + A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. + spinal cord motor neuron - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:ai + A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. + GOC:nv - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0051049 - - regulation of transport + A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. + paraxial mesoderm cell + somitic mesoderm cell + presomitic mesoderm cell + paraxial cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. + GOC:NV + PMID:11687492 - + - + + + + A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. + neural crest cell + + + + + A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of transport - up-regulation of transport - upregulation of transport - activation of transport - stimulation of transport - biological_process - GO:0051050 - positive regulation of transport + A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium. + + mesothelial cell of epicardium - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of transport - down-regulation of transport - downregulation of transport - inhibition of transport - biological_process - GO:0051051 - negative regulation of transport + A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin. + + fibroblast of upper back skin - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process - negative regulation of lipid anabolism - negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis - negative regulation of lipid formation - negative regulation of lipid synthesis - negative regulation of lipogenesis - inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0051055 - negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + A fibroblast that is part of skin of back. + + fibroblast of skin of back - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. - GOC:ai - - - - - negative regulation of lipogenesis - GOC:sl - - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - down regulation of developmental process - down-regulation of developmental process - downregulation of developmental process - inhibition of developmental process - biological_process - GO:0051093 - negative regulation of developmental process + A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. + + progenitor cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - GOC:ai + A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. + ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3 + https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - up regulation of developmental process - up-regulation of developmental process - upregulation of developmental process - activation of developmental process - stimulation of developmental process - biological_process - GO:0051094 - positive regulation of developmental process + Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. + + skeleton muscle fibroblast + skeletal muscle fibroblast - + - Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). - GOC:ai + Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. + PMID:28369879 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667 - + - - - Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. - jl - 2013-12-18T13:51:04Z - GO:1902578 - establishment and maintenance of localization - establishment and maintenance of position - localisation - establishment and maintenance of cellular component location - establishment and maintenance of substance location - establishment and maintenance of substrate location - biological_process - single organism localization - single-organism localization - GO:0051179 - - localization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. + + DMEC cell + dermal microvascular endothelium cell + dermal microvascular endothelial cell - + - Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - - - - localisation - GOC:mah - - - - - single organism localization - GOC:TermGenie + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. + BTO:0004574 + CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - Wikipedia:Chondrogenesis - cartilage biogenesis - cartilage biosynthesis - cartilage element development - cartilage formation - cartilage organ development - chondrogenesis - biological_process - GO:0051216 - cartilage development + Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. + colonic epithelial cell + colon epithelial cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - GOC:cjm - PMID:23251424 + Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. + GOC:NV - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of protein transport - up-regulation of protein transport - upregulation of protein transport - activation of protein transport - stimulation of protein transport - biological_process - GO:0051222 - positive regulation of protein transport + A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. + Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. + precursor cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0051223 - regulation of protein transport + Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. + + 2009-12-22T04:23:25Z + eosinophilic + acidophilic cytoplasm - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of protein transport - down-regulation of protein transport - downregulation of protein transport - inhibition of protein transport - biological_process - GO:0051224 - negative regulation of protein transport - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. - establishment of localisation - biological_process - GO:0051234 - - - - - establishment of localization + Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. + + 2009-12-22T04:24:54Z + basophilic cytoplasm - + - Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. - GOC:ai - GOC:dos - - - - - establishment of localisation - GOC:mah + Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - biological_process - GO:0051239 - regulation of multicellular organismal process + Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. + + 2009-12-28T04:25:23Z + polychromatophilic cytoplasm - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - GOC:ai - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - up regulation of multicellular organismal process - up-regulation of multicellular organismal process - upregulation of multicellular organismal process - activation of multicellular organismal process - stimulation of multicellular organismal process - biological_process - GO:0051240 - positive regulation of multicellular organismal process + A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. + + 2009-12-23T10:53:24Z + increased nucleus size - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - GOC:ai + A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - down regulation of multicellular organismal process - down-regulation of multicellular organismal process - downregulation of multicellular organismal process - inhibition of multicellular organismal process - biological_process - GO:0051241 - negative regulation of multicellular organismal process - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. - GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. - Wikipedia:Cell_division - biological_process - GO:0051301 - - - - Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. - cell division + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. + + + 2020-07-21T12:42:48Z + smooth muscle cell of blood vessel + + blood vessel smooth muscle cell - + - The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. - GOC:di - GOC:go_curators - GOC:pr + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. + PMID:9108778 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. - biological_process - GO:0051302 - regulation of cell division - - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. - GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. - biological_process - response to electricity - GO:0051602 - response to electrical stimulus + An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. + + 2020-09-03T12:24:24Z + large bile duct cholangiocyte + extrahepatic cholangiocyte - + - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. - GOC:ai + An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. + PMID:23720296 - - - - - - - - The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. - stimulus detection - biological_process - perception of stimulus - stimulus sensing - GO:0051606 - - detection of stimulus - - - - The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. - GOC:add - GOC:ai - GOC:dph - GOC:mah + + + large bile duct cholangiocyte + PMID:23720296 - + - - - - A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. - jl - 2013-12-18T14:04:32Z - GO:1902580 - cellular localisation - establishment and maintenance of cellular localization - establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane - single organism cellular localization - intracellular localization - localization within cell - biological_process - single-organism cellular localization - GO:0051641 - - cellular localization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. + + 2020-09-09T13:56:47Z + EFO:0010705 + periportal LSEC + periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell + endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid - + - A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. - GOC:tb - GOC:vw + An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. + PMID:27423426 - + - cellular localisation - GOC:mah + periportal LSEC + PMID:28287163 - + - single organism cellular localization - GOC:TermGenie + periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell + PMID:30348985 - - - - - - localization of cell - - - - - + - - - A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. - GO:0051706 - interaction between organisms - physiological interaction between organisms - physiological interaction with other organism - biological_process - GO:0051704 - - - multi-organism process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. + + 2020-09-10T12:38:29Z + EFO:0010706 + central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell + pericentral LSEC + endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid - + - A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. - GOC:jl + An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. + PMID:27423426 - - - - - - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. - biological_process - GO:0051716 - - Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. - cellular response to stimulus - - - - Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. - GOC:bf - GOC:jl + + + central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell + PMID:30348985 + + + + + pericentral LSEC + PMID:28287163 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. - up regulation of cell division - up-regulation of cell division - upregulation of cell division - activation of cell division - stimulation of cell division - biological_process - GO:0051781 - positive regulation of cell division + stomach neuroendocrine cell - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. - down regulation of cell division - down-regulation of cell division - downregulation of cell division - inhibition of cell division - biological_process - GO:0051782 - negative regulation of cell division + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. + + pulmonary neuroendocrine cell + PNEC + + lung neuroendocrine cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. - GOC:ai + A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. + PMID:33355253 + doi:10.3109/01902148209069653 + doi:10.7554/eLife.78216 + + + + + pulmonary neuroendocrine cell + PMID:33355253 + + + + + PNEC + PMID:33355253 + - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. - biological_process - GO:0051930 - regulation of sensory perception of pain + + + lung ciliated cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. - GOC:ai - - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. - biological_process - GO:0051931 - regulation of sensory perception + lung secretory cell - - - - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. - GOC:ai - - + - - - - The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. - biological_process - GO:0051937 - catecholamine transport + + + trophectoderm cell + trophectodermal cell - - - - The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. - GOC:ai - ISBN:0198506732 - - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - biological_process - GO:0051952 - regulation of amine transport + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. + FMA:15050 + non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine + smooth muscle cell of small intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine + FMA:15050 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - down regulation of amine transport - down-regulation of amine transport - downregulation of amine transport - inhibition of amine transport - biological_process - GO:0051953 - negative regulation of amine transport + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. + FMA:15058 + non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum + smooth muscle fiber of duodenum - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum + FMA:15058 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - up regulation of amine transport - up-regulation of amine transport - upregulation of amine transport - activation of amine transport - stimulation of amine transport - biological_process - GO:0051954 - positive regulation of amine transport + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. + + FMA:15653 + non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine + + smooth muscle cell of large intestine - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine + FMA:15653 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - biological_process - GO:0051960 - regulation of nervous system development + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. + FMA:15663 + non-striated muscle fiber of colon + smooth muscle cell of colon - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of colon + FMA:15663 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - down regulation of nervous system development - down-regulation of nervous system development - downregulation of nervous system development - inhibition of nervous system development - biological_process - GO:0051961 - negative regulation of nervous system development + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. + FMA:17521 + non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon + smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon + FMA:17521 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - up regulation of nervous system development - up-regulation of nervous system development - upregulation of nervous system development - activation of nervous system development - stimulation of nervous system development - biological_process - GO:0051962 - positive regulation of nervous system development + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. + FMA:17522 + non-striated muscle fiber of rectum + smooth muscle fiber of rectum + smooth muscle cell of rectum - + + + + true + + + - Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. - GOC:ai + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of rectum + FMA:17522 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. - heart beating - biological_process - cardiac contraction - hemolymph circulation - GO:0060047 - heart contraction + A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. + FMA:261279 + fibroblast of areolar connective tissue - + + + + true + + + - The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. - GOC:dph + A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - biological_process - GO:0060255 - regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. + FMA:261285 + fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. - regulation of cellular localisation - biological_process - GO:0060341 - regulation of cellular localization + + + + + + + A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. + FMA:261287 + fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb - - - - - regulation of cellular localisation - GOC:mah + A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. + GOC:tfm - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. - biological_process - GO:0060429 - - epithelium development + + + + + + + + + + + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. + + FMA:261293 + adipocyte of epicardial fat + epicardial fat cell + + epicardial adipocyte - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. - GOC:dph - GOC:mtg_lung + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. + GOC:tfm + + + + + adipocyte of epicardial fat + FMA:261293 + + + + + epicardial fat cell + FMA:261293 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - biological_process - GO:0060453 - regulation of gastric acid secretion + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. + FMA:261297 + epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle + epicardial fat cell of right ventricle + adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle + FMA:261297 + + + + + epicardial fat cell of right ventricle + FMA:261297 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - biological_process - GO:0060454 - positive regulation of gastric acid secretion + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. + FMA:261300 + epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle + epicardial fat cell of left ventricle + adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle - + + + + true + + + - Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle + FMA:261300 + + + + + epicardial fat cell of left ventricle + FMA:261300 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - biological_process - GO:0060455 - negative regulation of gastric acid secretion + A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. + FMA:263152 + transitional myocyte of interatrial septum - + + + + true + + + - Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - biological_process - GO:0060456 - positive regulation of digestive system process + A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. + FMA:263154 + transitional myocyte of interventricular septum - + + + + true + + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - biological_process - GO:0060457 - negative regulation of digestive system process + A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. + FMA:263182 + Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum - - - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + + + + true - - - - - - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - dph - 2009-04-28T09:33:36Z - biological_process - GO:0060562 - epithelial tube morphogenesis - - + - The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - GOC:dph + A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. - dph - 2009-06-05T12:41:44Z - biological_process - GO:0060688 - regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure + An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. + + BTO:000125 + FMA:62911 + LSEC + endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid + liver sinusoidal endothelial cell + + endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. - GOC:dph + An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. + GOC:tfm + PMID:3926620 + + + + + LSEC + PMID:30348985 + + + + + endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid + FMA:62911 + + + + + liver sinusoidal endothelial cell + PMID:30348985 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. - dph - 2010-01-11T09:03:48Z - biological_process - GO:0060986 - endocrine hormone secretion + A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. + FMA:67102 + SA nodal myocyte + SA node cardiac muscle cell + sinoatrial node cell + sinoatrial node myocyte + sinuatrial node myocyte + myocyte of sinoatrial node - + - The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. - GOC:dph + A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. + FMA:67102 + GOC:tfm - - - - - - - - An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. - dph - 2010-01-22T09:09:10Z - hepatobiliary system process - biological_process - GO:0061007 - - hepaticobiliary system process - - - - An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. - GOC:dph + + + SA nodal myocyte + FMA:67102 - + - hepatobiliary system process - GOC:dph + SA node cardiac muscle cell + GOC:pr + + + + + sinoatrial node cell + GOC:pr + + + + + sinuatrial node myocyte + FMA:67102 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - dph - 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z - biological_process - GO:0061035 - regulation of cartilage development + A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. + FMA:67106 + AV nodal myocyte + AV node cardiac muscle cell + AV node cell + atrioventricular node cell + atrioventricular node myocyte + myocyte of atrioventricular node - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - GOC:dph + A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. + FMA:67106 + GOC:tfm + + + + + AV nodal myocyte + FMA:67106 + + + + + AV node cardiac muscle cell + GOC:pr + + + + + AV node cell + GOC:pr + + + + + atrioventricular node cell + GOC:pr + + + + + atrioventricular node myocyte + FMA:67106 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - dph - 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z - biological_process - GO:0061036 - positive regulation of cartilage development + An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. + + FMA:67760 + KUPO:0001097 + + endothelial cell of arteriole - + + + + true + + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - GOC:dph + An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - dph - 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z - biological_process - GO:0061037 - negative regulation of cartilage development + + + + + + + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. + + BTO:0004758 + FMA:67761 + KUPO:0001095 + arterial endothelial cell + + endothelial cell of artery - + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. - GOC:dph + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - dph - 2010-03-11T12:59:21Z - biological_process - GO:0061062 - regulation of nematode larval development + An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. + + FMA:67762 + + endothelial cell of venule - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv + An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - dph - 2010-03-11T01:03:34Z - biological_process - GO:0061063 - positive regulation of nematode larval development + An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. + FMA:67780 + epithelial cell of gallbladder - + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv + An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - dph - 2010-03-11T01:04:39Z - biological_process - GO:0061064 - negative regulation of nematode larval development + A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. + FMA:70541 + epidermal stem cell + stem cell of epidermis - + + + + true + + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv + A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epidermal stem cell + FMA:70541 - + - - - - The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. - dph - 2010-05-25T09:05:34Z - biological_process - GO:0061138 - morphogenesis of a branching epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. + FMA:70610 + smooth muscle cell of ciliary body + + ciliary muscle cell - + + + + true + + + - The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. - GOC:dph + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. + GOC:tfm + + + + + smooth muscle cell of ciliary body + FMA:70610 - + - - - The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. - dph - 2012-03-22T12:53:41Z - biological_process - GO:0061448 - connective tissue development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. + FMA:70615 + mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye - + - The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. - GOC:BHF + A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - dph - 2018-03-19T14:11:54Z - regulation of small molecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0062012 - regulation of small molecule metabolic process + A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. + FMA:72142 + mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - GOC:vw + A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - dph - 2018-03-19T14:25:10Z - positive regulation of small molecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0062013 - positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. + + FMA:72143 + + mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - GOC:vw + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - dph - 2018-03-19T14:27:23Z - negative regulation of small molecule metabolism - biological_process - GO:0062014 - negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process + A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. + FMA:83384 + transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node + transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node - + + + + true + + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. - GOC:vw + A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. + GOC:tfm - + - - - An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. - dph - 2018-04-13T12:47:21Z - cellular_component - GO:0062023 - collagen-containing extracellular matrix + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. + FMA:83386 + Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node - + + + + true + + + - An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. - GOC:BHF - GOC:rph - PMID:21123617 + A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - + - + + - + - The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - dph - 2019-09-13T13:48:47Z - biological_process - GO:0062149 - detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain + A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. + FMA:83390 + myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum - + + + + true + + + - The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. - PMID:19837031 + A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. + GOC:tfm - + - - - Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. - regulation - biological_process - GO:0065007 - - - biological regulation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. + FMA:86481 + epithelial cell of bile duct + cholangiocyte - + + + + true + + + - Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mah - GOC:pr - GOC:vw + An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. + GOC:tfm + PMID:16550043 + PMID:18356246 - + - - - Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. - regulation of biological attribute - regulation of biological characteristic - biological_process - GO:0065008 - - regulation of biological quality + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. + FMA:86736 + peritoneal mesothelial cell + mesothelial cell of peritoneum - + - Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. - GOC:dph - GOC:isa_complete - GOC:mah - GOC:pr - GOC:vw + A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + peritoneal mesothelial cell + FMA:86736 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - regulation of a molecular function - biological_process - GO:0065009 - - - - regulation of molecular function + A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. + FMA:86737 + pleural mesothelial cell + mesothelial cell of pleura - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. - GOC:isa_complete + A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. + GOC:tfm + + + + + pleural mesothelial cell + FMA:86737 - + - + - + - + - - + - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. - extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle - cellular_component - GO:0065010 - extracellular membrane-bounded organelle + A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. + FMA:86738 + mesothelial cell of parietal pleura - + - Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. - GOC:isa_complete + A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. + GOC:tfm - + - - - The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). - biological_process - GO:0070091 - glucagon secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. + + FMA:86739 + + mesothelial cell of visceral pleura - + - The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). - GOC:BHF - GOC:rl + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - biological_process - GO:0070092 - regulation of glucagon secretion + An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. + + FMA:70986 + exocrine pancreas cell + + epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah + An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. + GOC:tfm - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - down regulation of glucagon secretion - down-regulation of glucagon secretion - downregulation of glucagon secretion - inhibition of glucagon secretion - biological_process - GO:0070093 - negative regulation of glucagon secretion + The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. + intestinal enteroendocrine cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah + The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. + MP:0010802 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - up regulation of glucagon secretion - up-regulation of glucagon secretion - upregulation of glucagon secretion - activation of glucagon secretion - stimulation of glucagon secretion - biological_process - GO:0070094 - positive regulation of glucagon secretion + + + + + + + endothelial cell of lung + pulmonary vessel endothelial cell + lung endothelial cell - - - - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah - - + - - - A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. - anchoring cell junction - cellular_component - GO:0070161 - anchoring junction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0001141 + PAEC cell + + pulmonary artery endothelial cell - - - A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. - ISBN:0815332181 - - - - - anchoring cell junction - GOC:mah + + + PAEC cell + BTO:0001141 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. - regulation of establishment of protein localisation - biological_process - GO:0070201 - regulation of establishment of protein localization + + + + + + + A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. + CALOHA:TS-2397 + colon endothelial cells + colonic endothelial cell + colon endothelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah + A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. + NPX:PDR + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 - - - regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:mah + + + colon endothelial cells + CALOHA:TS-2397 + - - - - - - - - The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - biological_process - GO:0070253 - somatostatin secretion - - - - The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - GOC:mah + + + colonic endothelial cell + CALOHA:TS-2397 - + - - - - The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. - mucus production - biological_process - GO:0070254 - mucus secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Squamous cell of oral epithelium. + CALOHA:TS-1252 + oral cavity mucosa squamous cell + oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell + oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell + oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells + oral mucosa squamous cell - + - The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. - GOC:add - ISBN:068340007X - ISBN:0721662544 + Squamous cell of oral epithelium. + NPX:PDR - - - mucus production - GOC:add + + + oral cavity mucosa squamous cell + CALOHA:TS-1252 + + + + + oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell + CALOHA:TS-1252 + + + + + oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell + CALOHA:TS-1252 + + + + + oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells + CALOHA:TS-1252 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - regulation of mucus production - biological_process - GO:0070255 - regulation of mucus secretion + + + + + + + Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. + CALOHA:TS-1274 + colon glandular cells + colon glandular cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:add + Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. + NPX:PDR - - - regulation of mucus production - GOC:add + + + colon glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1274 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - negative regulation of mucus production - biological_process - GO:0070256 - negative regulation of mucus secretion + + + + + + + Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. + CALOHA:TS-1275 + duodenum glandular cells + duodenum glandular cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:add + Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. + NPX:PDR - - - negative regulation of mucus production - GOC:add + + + duodenum glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1275 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - positive regulation of mucus production - biological_process - GO:0070257 - positive regulation of mucus secretion + + + + + + + Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. + CALOHA:TS-1278 + gall bladder glandular cell + gall bladder glandular cells + gallbladder glandular cells + gallbladder glandular cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. - GOC:add + Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. + NPX:PDR - + - positive regulation of mucus production - GOC:add + gall bladder glandular cell + FMA:7202 - - - - - - - - - Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. - mah - 2009-06-16T04:08:29Z - cellular macromolecule localisation - biological_process - GO:0070727 - cellular macromolecule localization - - - - Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. - GOC:mah + + + gall bladder glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1278 - - - cellular macromolecule localisation - GOC:mah + + + gallbladder glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1278 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - mah - 2009-08-14T03:09:02Z - regulation of bile acid anabolism - regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - regulation of bile acid formation - regulation of bile acid synthesis - biological_process - GO:0070857 - regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. + CALOHA:TS-1281 + rectal glandular cell + rectum glandular cells + rectum glandular cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah + Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. + NPX:PDR - - - regulation of bile acid anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - regulation of bile acid formation - GOC:mah + + + rectal glandular cell + CALOHA:TS-1281 - - - regulation of bile acid synthesis - GOC:mah + + + rectum glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1281 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - mah - 2009-08-14T03:16:40Z - down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - negative regulation of bile acid anabolism - negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - negative regulation of bile acid formation - negative regulation of bile acid synthesis - inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0070858 - negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . + CALOHA:TS-1286 + FMA:86928 + small bowel glandular cell + small intestinal glandular cell + small intestine glandular cells + small intestine glandular cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah - - - - - down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah - - - - - down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah - - - - - downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah - - - - - negative regulation of bile acid anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - GOC:mah + A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . + NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell + NPX:PDR - - - negative regulation of bile acid formation - GOC:mah + + + small bowel glandular cell + CALOHA:TS-1286 - - - negative regulation of bile acid synthesis - GOC:mah + + + small intestinal glandular cell + CALOHA:TS-1286 - - - inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah + + + small intestine glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1286 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - mah - 2009-08-14T03:22:58Z - positive regulation of bile acid anabolism - positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - positive regulation of bile acid formation - positive regulation of bile acid synthesis - up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - activation of bile acid biosynthetic process - stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - biological_process - GO:0070859 - positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. + + BTO:0000028 + CALOHA:TS-1242 + exocrine pancreas glandular cell + pancreas exocrine glandular cells + + pancreas exocrine glandular cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of bile acid anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of bile acid formation - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of bile acid synthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah - - - - - up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah - - - - - upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah + Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. + HPA:HPA + NPX:PDR - - - activation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah + + + exocrine pancreas glandular cell + CALOHA:TS-1242 - - - stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - GOC:mah + + + pancreas exocrine glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1242 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - mah - 2009-08-20T02:44:53Z - regulation of glycogen metabolism - biological_process - GO:0070873 - regulation of glycogen metabolic process + Fibroblast from muscle organ. + CALOHA:TS-0643 + muscle fibroblast - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - GOC:mah - - - - - regulation of glycogen metabolism - GOC:mah + Fibroblast from muscle organ. + NPX:PDR - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - mah - 2009-08-20T02:50:41Z - negative regulation of glycogen metabolism - biological_process - GO:0070874 - negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process + + + + + + + Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. + CALOHA:TS-2109 + bone marrow hematopoietic cells + bone marrow poietic cells + bone marrow hematopoietic cell - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - GOC:mah + Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. + NPX:PDR - - - negative regulation of glycogen metabolism - GOC:mah + + + bone marrow hematopoietic cells + CALOHA:TS-2109 + + + + + bone marrow poietic cells + CALOHA:TS-2109 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - mah - 2009-08-20T02:53:55Z - positive regulation of glycogen metabolism - biological_process - GO:0070875 - positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process + A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. + + 2014-02-11T17:29:04Z + CL:2000001 + peripheral blood mononuclear cell - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of glycogen metabolism - GOC:mah + A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. - mah - 2010-02-10T11:19:48Z - chewing - biological_process - GO:0071626 - mastication - - - - - The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. - GOC:gvg - - - - - chewing - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. - mah - 2010-02-25T04:00:13Z - protein localisation in extracellular region - protein localization in extracellular region - biological_process - GO:0071692 - protein localization to extracellular region - - - - - Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. - GOC:mah - - - - - protein localisation in extracellular region - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. - mah - 2010-03-08T02:15:14Z - biological_process - GO:0071702 - organic substance transport - - - - - The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - mah - 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z - organic molecular entity metabolic process - organic molecular entity metabolism - organic substance metabolism - biological_process - GO:0071704 - organic substance metabolic process - - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - mah - 2010-03-08T03:56:28Z - biological_process - GO:0071705 - nitrogen compound transport - - - - - The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. - mah - 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z - cellular_component - GO:0071944 - - cell periphery - - - - - The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. - GOC:mah - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. - mah - 2010-10-11T11:44:57Z - elastic fibre - elastin fiber - cellular_component - GO:0071953 - elastic fiber + Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. + + 2014-06-04T15:07:42Z + CL:2000008 + microvascular endothelial cell - + - An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. - GOC:BHF - GOC:mah - PMID:20236620 - - - - - elastic fibre - GOC:mah - - - - - elastin fiber - GOC:BHF + Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22302 - mah - 2010-02-26T02:15:40Z - biological_process - GO:0072175 - epithelial tube formation + Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. + + 2014-06-04T15:12:06Z + CL:2000010 + dermis blood vessel endothelial cell - + - The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. - GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - mah - 2010-03-01T03:43:29Z - biological_process - GO:0072201 - negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. + + 2014-06-04T15:18:16Z + CL:2000013 + fibroblast of skin of abdomen - + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. - GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. - mah - 2010-11-02T04:51:32Z - monocarboxylic acid anabolism - monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis - monocarboxylic acid formation - monocarboxylic acid synthesis - biological_process - GO:0072330 - monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. + + 2014-06-04T16:00:56Z + CL:2000016 + lung microvascular endothelial cell - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. - GOC:mah - - - - - monocarboxylic acid anabolism - GOC:mah - - - - - monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis - GOC:mah - - - - - monocarboxylic acid formation - GOC:mah - - - - - monocarboxylic acid synthesis - GOC:mah + Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. - mah - 2010-11-16T11:27:39Z - GO:0072358 - cardiovascular system development - biological_process - GO:0072359 - - circulatory system development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. + + 2014-06-24T23:16:45Z + FBbt:00004211 + CL:2000019 + compound eye photoreceptor cell - + - The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. - GOC:mah - UBERON:0001009 + Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. - dhl - 2009-04-22T04:30:52Z - biological_process - GO:0080090 - regulation of primary metabolic process + Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. + + 2014-06-24T23:16:53Z + CL:2000020 + inner cell mass cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. - PMID:19211694 + Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - tb - 2009-10-23T11:21:38Z - biological_process - GO:0090087 - regulation of peptide transport + Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. + + 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z + CL:2000022 + cardiac septum cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. - tb - 2010-02-03T11:48:13Z - biological_process - GO:0090257 - regulation of muscle system process + Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. + + 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z + CL:2000029 + central nervous system neuron - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. - GOC:dph - GOC:tb + Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z - biological_process - GO:0090273 - regulation of somatostatin secretion + A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. + + 2014-06-25T02:28:17Z + FMA:84664 + PNS neuron + peripheral neuron + CL:2000032 + peripheral nervous system neuron - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - GOC:BHF + A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. + GOC:TermGenie + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z - biological_process - GO:0090274 - positive regulation of somatostatin secretion + Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. + + 2014-07-09T00:12:00Z + CL:2000042 + embryonic fibroblast - + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - GOC:BHF + Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z - biological_process - GO:0090275 - negative regulation of somatostatin secretion + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. + + 2014-07-09T00:24:53Z + CL:2000044 + brain microvascular endothelial cell - + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. - GOC:BHF + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z - biological_process - GO:0090276 - regulation of peptide hormone secretion + Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + + 2014-08-12T20:50:28Z + CL:2000046 + ventricular cardiac muscle cell - + - Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - GOC:tb + Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z - biological_process - GO:0090277 - positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion + Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. + + 2014-10-02T23:52:53Z + CL:2000047 + brainstem motor neuron - + - Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - GOC:tb + Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - tb - 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z - biological_process - GO:0090278 - negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion + Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. + + 2014-10-06T18:58:47Z + CL:2000051 + splenic fibroblast - + - Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. - GOC:tb + Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - tb - 2010-05-14T10:24:29Z - biological_process - GO:0090325 - regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. + + + 2014-10-06T19:06:04Z + CL:2000053 + + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500 + splenic endothelial cell - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv - GOC:tb + Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - tb - 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z - biological_process - GO:0090326 - positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. + + 2014-10-07T17:57:42Z + CL:2000063 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7330 + ovarian fibroblast - + - Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv - GOC:tb + Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - tb - 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z - biological_process - GO:0090327 - negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. + + 2014-10-07T17:59:13Z + CL:2000064 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7310 + ovarian surface epithelial cell - + - Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. - GOC:dph - GOC:kmv - GOC:tb + Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22368 - pr - 2012-03-05T02:03:58Z - biological_process - GO:0097254 - renal tubular secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + + + 2014-10-07T18:35:38Z + CL:2000066 + + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310 + cardiac ventricle fibroblast - + - The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. - GOC:rph - PMID:25287933 - Wikipedia:Renal_secretion#Secretion + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - - + - + - A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. - pr - 2012-10-22T13:55:54Z - cellular_component - glial process - glial projection - GO:0097386 - glial cell projection + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. + + + 2014-10-07T18:36:54Z + CL:2000067 + + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320 + cardiac atrium fibroblast - + - A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. - GOC:mc + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - - + - + - Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. - pr - 2016-03-29T17:39:45Z - cellular_component - GO:0097708 - intracellular vesicle + Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. + + 2014-10-07T18:38:06Z + CL:2000068 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6430 + pericardium fibroblast - + - Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. - GOC:vesicles + Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. - dos - 2014-03-06T11:55:32Z - region of plasma membrane - cellular_component - GO:0098590 - - Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. - plasma membrane region + Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. + + 2014-10-07T18:41:43Z + CL:2000069 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5430 + gallbladder fibroblast - + - A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. - GOC:dos + Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A collagen trimer that forms networks. - cellular_component - GO:0098642 - network-forming collagen trimer + Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. + + 2014-10-07T18:50:43Z + CL:2000070 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6620 + optic choroid fibroblast - + - A collagen trimer that forms networks. - PMID:21421911 + Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). - cellular_component - GO:0098643 - banded collagen fibril + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. + + 2014-10-07T22:13:45Z + CL:2000072 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7200 + adipose microvascular endothelial cell - + - A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). - GOC:dos - PMID:21421911 + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. - Supramolecular aggregate of collagen - Supramolecular collagen assembly - cellular_component - GO:0098644 - complex of collagen trimers + Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. + + 2014-11-05T01:18:43Z + cardiac neural crest cell + CL:2000073 + migratory cardiac neural crest cell - + - A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. - GOC:dos + Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Supramolecular aggregate of collagen - PMID:19693541 - - - + - Supramolecular collagen assembly - PMID:21421911 - - - - - - - - - - A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. - cellular_component - GO:0098645 - collagen network - - - - - A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. - GOC:dos - PMID:21421911 + cardiac neural crest cell + PMID:33060096 - + - + - + - + - + + - + - Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. - cellular_component - GO:0098651 - basement membrane collagen trimer + Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. + + 2014-11-05T01:26:50Z + CL:2000074 + Splenocytes is a vague term that refers to any one of the different white blood cell types in the spleen. This name is seen many references as such and is not explained further, necessitating a need for this terminology. + splenocyte - + - Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. - GOC:dos - PMID:21421911 + Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - + - + - Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. - cellular_component - GO:0098796 - - membrane protein complex + Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. + + 2014-12-02T19:10:34Z + mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose + CL:2000080 + mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue - + - Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. - GOC:dos + Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - + + - + - Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. - cellular_component - GO:0098797 - plasma membrane protein complex + A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. + + 2019-02-09T16:40:30Z + CL:3000000 + ciliated epithelial cell of esophagus - + - Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. - GOC:dos + A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. + GOC:CellBLAST + PMID:29802404 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. - biological_process - GO:0098801 - regulation of renal system process + Peripheral sensory neuron. + + 2019-02-25T19:34:33Z + CL:3000004 + peripheral sensory neuron - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. - GOC:dos + Peripheral sensory neuron. + GOC:CellBLAST + PMID:30096314 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. - cellular_component - GO:0098858 - actin-based cell projection + A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. + + + + brain vascular cell - + - A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. - PMID:15661519 + A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. + DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 - + - - - A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. - cellular_component - GO:0099080 - supramolecular complex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. + + + + midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron - + - A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. - GOC:dos + A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. + DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 - + - - - A polymeric supramolecular structure. - cellular_component - GO:0099081 - supramolecular polymer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. + + somatosensory neuron - + - A polymeric supramolecular structure. - GOC:dos + A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. + PMID:22865660 - + - - - A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. - GO:0043205 - cellular_component - fibril - GO:0099512 - supramolecular fiber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung. + + 2021-11-23T02:31:40Z + lung capillary endothelial cell + pulmonary capillary endothelial cell - - - - A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. - GOC:dos - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. - cellular_component - GO:0099513 - polymeric cytoskeletal fiber + + + + + + + A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. + 2023-01-25T11:06:01Z + ciliated cell of the respiratory tract + respiratory ciliated cell - + - A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. - GOC:dos + A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. + PMID:18757316 + PMID:21364219 - + - + - + - + - + - + - Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. - cellular_component - GO:0099568 - - cytoplasmic region + A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. + + + + vein endothelial cell of respiratory system - + - Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. - GOC:dos + A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. + PMID:34030460 - + - + - + - + - - + + + - + - The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. - perimembrane region - cellular_component - GO:0099738 - - cell cortex region + A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. + + + + 2023-03-16T11:31:23Z + lung resident megakaryocyte + lung-resident megakaryocyte + MKL + lung MKs + + lung megakaryocyte - + - The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. - GOC:dos + A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. + PMID:33351116 - - - - - - - - A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. - kmv - 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z - cellular_component - GO:0110165 - cellular anatomical entity - - - - A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. - GOC:kmv + + + lung resident megakaryocyte + PMID:36524131 + + + + + lung-resident megakaryocyte + PMID:36524131 + + + + + MKL + PMID:36524131 + + + + + + lung MKs + PMID:33351116 + + - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13193 - krc - 2017-03-21T17:26:07Z - cellular_component - GO:0120025 - plasma membrane bounded cell projection + A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. + + 2023-05-18T12:07:45Z + Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. + catecholaminergic neuron - + - A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. - GOC:krc + A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. + ISBN:0521442516 + PMID:12094209 + + + + + Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. + PMID:10191060 + PMID:12128258 + PMID:34880760 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14472 - krc - 2017-11-01T18:58:12Z - cellular_component - GO:0120111 - neuron projection cytoplasm + A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. + + 2023-08-22T13:40:28Z + perivascular cell - - - All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. - GOC:ha - - - - - - - - - - The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. - pg - 2019-05-22T11:20:45Z - efflux - biological_process - GO:0140352 - export from cell - - - + - The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. - GOC:pg + A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. + PMID:24928499 + PMID:27889329 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - bf - 2012-09-06T09:16:15Z - biological_process - regulation of vascular system development - GO:1901342 - regulation of vasculature development + An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. + + endothelial cell of central vein + endothelial cell of central vein of liver - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - GOC:TermGenie + An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. + PMID:28287163 - - - regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie + + + endothelial cell of central vein + PMID:28287163 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - bf - 2012-09-06T09:17:24Z - down regulation of vasculature development - down-regulation of vasculature development - downregulation of vasculature development - inhibition of vasculature development - biological_process - down regulation of vascular system development - down-regulation of vascular system development - downregulation of vascular system development - inhibition of vascular system development - negative regulation of vascular system development - GO:1901343 - negative regulation of vasculature development + Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. + + 2023-09-18T10:43:00Z + OAMSC + Orbital ASCs + orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell + mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - GOC:TermGenie + Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. + - + - down regulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie + OAMSC + PMID:31377878 - + - down-regulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie + Orbital ASCs + PMID:30210548 - + - downregulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie + orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell + PMID:31377878 - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. - bf - 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z - organic cyclic compound metabolism + + + The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. + GO:0019952 + GO:0050876 + Wikipedia:Reproduction + reproductive physiological process biological_process - GO:1901360 - organic cyclic compound metabolic process + GO:0000003 + + + + + + reproduction - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic cyclic compound metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. - bf - 2012-09-14T09:05:22Z - organic cyclic compound anabolism - organic cyclic compound biosynthesis - organic cyclic compound formation - organic cyclic compound synthesis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. + biological_process - GO:1901362 - organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process + GO:0000011 + vacuole inheritance - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic cyclic compound anabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic cyclic compound biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic cyclic compound formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic cyclic compound synthesis - GOC:TermGenie + The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. + GOC:mcc + PMID:10873824 + PMID:14616069 - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - pr - 2012-11-05T11:04:36Z - organic molecular entity breakdown - organic molecular entity catabolic process - organic molecular entity catabolism - organic molecular entity degradation - organic substance breakdown - organic substance catabolism - organic substance degradation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. + GO:0016359 + mitotic chromosome segregation + mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release biological_process - GO:1901575 - organic substance catabolic process + GO:0000070 + + mitotic sister chromatid segregation - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pr - - - - - organic molecular entity breakdown - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic molecular entity catabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic molecular entity degradation - GOC:TermGenie + The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. + GOC:ai + GOC:jl - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - pr - 2012-11-05T11:04:40Z - organic molecular entity anabolism - organic molecular entity biosynthesis - organic molecular entity biosynthetic process - organic molecular entity formation - organic molecular entity synthesis - organic substance anabolism - organic substance biosynthesis - organic substance formation - organic substance synthesis - biological_process - GO:1901576 - organic substance biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. + Golgi apparatus membrane + cellular_component + GO:0000139 + Golgi membrane - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pr - - - - - organic molecular entity anabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic molecular entity biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic molecular entity formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic molecular entity synthesis - GOC:TermGenie + The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. + GOC:mah - + - - - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. - pr - 2012-11-13T12:54:27Z - organic hydroxy compound metabolism + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23114 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23195 + microtubule cytoskeleton organisation biological_process - GO:1901615 - organic hydroxy compound metabolic process + microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0000226 + + microtubule cytoskeleton organization - + - The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pr + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + GOC:mah - + - organic hydroxy compound metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + microtubule cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. - pr - 2012-11-13T12:54:36Z - organic hydroxy compound anabolism - organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis - organic hydroxy compound formation - organic hydroxy compound synthesis - biological_process - GO:1901617 - organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. + nuclear interphase chromosome + cellular_component + GO:0000228 + + + nuclear chromosome - + - The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pr - - - - - organic hydroxy compound anabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic hydroxy compound formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - organic hydroxy compound synthesis - GOC:TermGenie + A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - mr - 2014-10-06T18:38:56Z + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + glycan biosynthesis + glycan biosynthetic process + polysaccharide anabolism + polysaccharide biosynthesis + polysaccharide formation + polysaccharide synthesis biological_process - regulation of hemolymph circulation - GO:1903522 - regulation of blood circulation + GO:0000271 + polysaccharide biosynthetic process - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:mr - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:10659969 - - - - - regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - mr - 2014-10-06T18:39:05Z - down regulation of blood circulation - down-regulation of blood circulation - downregulation of blood circulation - inhibition of blood circulation + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + GO:0044244 + polysaccharide breakdown + polysaccharide catabolism + polysaccharide degradation + multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process biological_process - down regulation of hemolymph circulation - down-regulation of hemolymph circulation - downregulation of hemolymph circulation - inhibition of hemolymph circulation - negative regulation of hemolymph circulation - GO:1903523 - negative regulation of blood circulation + GO:0000272 + polysaccharide catabolic process - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:mr - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:10659969 - - - - - down regulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + PMID:33139480 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - mr - 2014-10-06T18:39:13Z - up regulation of blood circulation - up-regulation of blood circulation - upregulation of blood circulation - activation of blood circulation + + + + + + + + + + + + + Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. + GO:0007067 + Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process - activation of hemolymph circulation - positive regulation of hemolymph circulation - up regulation of hemolymph circulation - up-regulation of hemolymph circulation - upregulation of hemolymph circulation - GO:1903524 - positive regulation of blood circulation + mitosis + GO:0000278 + + + + + Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. + mitotic cell cycle - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:mr - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:10659969 - - - - - up regulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of blood circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of hemolymph circulation - GOC:TermGenie + Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 + Reactome:69278 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - pm - 2014-10-08T13:24:59Z - regulation of cellular secretion + The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. biological_process - GO:1903530 - regulation of secretion by cell + karyokinesis + GO:0000280 + + nuclear division - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:12130530 - - - - - regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie + The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - pm - 2014-10-08T13:25:08Z - down regulation of cellular secretion - down regulation of secretion by cell - down-regulation of cellular secretion - down-regulation of secretion by cell - downregulation of cellular secretion - downregulation of secretion by cell - negative regulation of cellular secretion - inhibition of cellular secretion - inhibition of secretion by cell - biological_process - GO:1903531 - negative regulation of secretion by cell + A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. + cellular_component + GO:0000313 + organellar ribosome - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:12130530 - - - - - down regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie + A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. + GOC:mah + GOC:mcc - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - pm - 2014-10-08T13:25:17Z - positive regulation of cellular secretion - up regulation of cellular secretion - up regulation of secretion by cell - up-regulation of cellular secretion - up-regulation of secretion by cell - upregulation of cellular secretion - upregulation of secretion by cell - activation of cellular secretion - activation of secretion by cell + The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. biological_process - GO:1903532 - positive regulation of secretion by cell + GO:0000740 + nuclear membrane fusion - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:12130530 - - - - - positive regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of cellular secretion - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of secretion by cell - GOC:TermGenie + The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. + GOC:elh - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. - jl - 2014-10-22T14:26:11Z - cellular_component - microparticle - GO:1903561 - extracellular vesicle + + + + + + + The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. + GO:0007335 + Wikipedia:Karyogamy + nuclear fusion + nuclear fusion during karyogamy + biological_process + GO:0000741 + karyogamy - + - Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pm - GO_REF:0000064 - PMID:24769233 - - - - - microparticle - GOC:vesicles + The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. + GOC:elh - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - pad - 2014-12-04T15:34:13Z - regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - regulation of blood cell formation - regulation of haemopoiesis - regulation of hematopoiesis + The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + cell fusion biological_process - GO:1903706 - An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. - regulation of hemopoiesis + GO:0000768 + syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - GOC:PARL - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pad - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:20080761 - - - - - regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie + The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + GOC:mtg_muscle + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. + GO:0000789 + GO:0000790 + GO:0005717 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1615953555 + cytoplasmic chromatin + nuclear chromatin + cellular_component + chromosome scaffold + GO:0000785 + Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. + chromatin + - - - regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie + + + The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. + GOC:elh + PMID:20404130 + + + + + + + + A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22355 + GO:0005720 + GO:0035328 + NIF_Subcellular:sao581845896 + Wikipedia:Heterochromatin + transcriptionally inactive chromatin + transcriptionally silent chromatin + nuclear heterochromatin + cellular_component + GO:0000792 + heterochromatin + - - - regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie + + + A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. + PMID:32017156 + + + + + + + + + The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + biological_process + GO:0000819 + sister chromatid segregation + - - - regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie + + + The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + GOC:ai + GOC:elh - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - pad - 2014-12-04T15:34:21Z - down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - down regulation of blood cell formation - down regulation of haemopoiesis - down regulation of hematopoiesis - down regulation of hemopoiesis - down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - down-regulation of blood cell formation - down-regulation of haemopoiesis - down-regulation of hematopoiesis - down-regulation of hemopoiesis - downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis - downregulation of blood cell formation - downregulation of haemopoiesis - downregulation of hematopoiesis - downregulation of hemopoiesis - negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - negative regulation of blood cell formation - negative regulation of haemopoiesis - negative regulation of hematopoiesis - inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis - inhibition of blood cell formation - inhibition of haemopoiesis - inhibition of hematopoiesis - inhibition of hemopoiesis + The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. + GO:0007148 + GO:0045790 + GO:0045791 + cellular morphogenesis biological_process - GO:1903707 - An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. - negative regulation of hemopoiesis + GO:0000902 + + + + cell morphogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - GOC:PARL - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pad - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:20080761 - - - - - down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie + The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. + GOC:clt + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. + response to acid + biological_process + response to acid anion + response to oxoanion + GO:0001101 + + This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if an organism were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the organism is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0010447 'response to acidic pH' instead. + response to acid chemical + - - - inhibition of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:rn - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - pad - 2014-12-04T15:34:30Z - positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - positive regulation of blood cell formation - positive regulation of haemopoiesis - positive regulation of hematopoiesis - up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - up regulation of blood cell formation - up regulation of haemopoiesis - up regulation of hematopoiesis - up regulation of hemopoiesis - up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - up-regulation of blood cell formation - up-regulation of haemopoiesis - up-regulation of hematopoiesis - up-regulation of hemopoiesis - upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis - upregulation of blood cell formation - upregulation of haemopoiesis - upregulation of hematopoiesis - upregulation of hemopoiesis - activation of blood cell biosynthesis - activation of blood cell formation - activation of haemopoiesis - activation of hematopoiesis - activation of hemopoiesis + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). + skeletal development biological_process - GO:1903708 - An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. - positive regulation of hemopoiesis + GO:0001501 + skeletal system development - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. - GOC:PARL - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:pad - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:20080761 - - - - - positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of blood cell biosynthesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of blood cell formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of haemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of hematopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of hemopoiesis - GOC:TermGenie + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. - sl - 2015-01-12T21:50:20Z - down regulation of anion transport - down-regulation of anion transport - downregulation of anion transport - inhibition of anion transport + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + Wikipedia:Ossification + bone biosynthesis + bone formation + osteogenesis biological_process - GO:1903792 - negative regulation of anion transport + GO:0001503 + Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'. + ossification - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:11336802 - - - - - down regulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + GOC:mtg_mpo + PMID:17572649 - + - - + + + - - + - - + + - + - - - + - - + + + + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. - sl - 2015-01-12T21:50:30Z - up regulation of anion transport - up-regulation of anion transport - upregulation of anion transport - activation of anion transport + + + + + + + A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. + biological_process - GO:1903793 - positive regulation of anion transport + GO:0001508 + Action potentials typically propagate across excitable membranes. This class covers both action potentials that propagate and those that fail to do so. + action potential - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:11336802 - - - - - up regulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of anion transport - GOC:TermGenie + A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb + ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 - jl - 2015-01-20T14:32:24Z - down regulation of cellular protein localisation - down regulation of cellular protein localization - down-regulation of cellular protein localisation - down-regulation of cellular protein localization - downregulation of cellular protein localisation - downregulation of cellular protein localization - negative regulation of cellular protein localisation - negative regulation of cellular protein localization - inhibition of cellular protein localisation - inhibition of cellular protein localization + + + + + + + Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. + Wikipedia:Angiogenesis + blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels biological_process - GO:1903828 - negative regulation of protein localization + GO:0001525 + angiogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:vw - GO_REF:0000058 - - - - - down regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie + Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. + ISBN:0878932453 - + - negative regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie + blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels + - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. - https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 - jl - 2015-01-20T14:32:33Z - positive regulation of cellular protein localisation - positive regulation of cellular protein localization - up regulation of cellular protein localisation - up regulation of cellular protein localization - up-regulation of cellular protein localisation - up-regulation of cellular protein localization - upregulation of cellular protein localisation - upregulation of cellular protein localization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. biological_process - GO:1903829 - positive regulation of protein localization + GO:0001555 + oocyte growth - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:vw - GO_REF:0000058 - - - - - positive regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of cellular protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of cellular protein localization - GOC:TermGenie + The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. + https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/ - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. - sl - 2015-02-17T20:26:24Z - down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. + Wikipedia:Oocyte_maturation biological_process - GO:1903941 - negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GO:0001556 + oocyte maturation - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:22819705 - - - - - down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. + GOC:devbiol + https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/ - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. - sl - 2015-02-17T20:26:35Z - up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - activation of respiratory gaseous exchange + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. biological_process - GO:1903942 - positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GO:0001558 + regulation of cell growth - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:22819705 - - - - - up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of respiratory gaseous exchange - GOC:TermGenie + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - sl - 2015-03-06T22:17:04Z - up regulation of vasculature development - up-regulation of vasculature development - upregulation of vasculature development - activation of vasculature development + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. biological_process - activation of vascular system development - positive regulation of vascular system development - up regulation of vascular system development - up-regulation of vascular system development - upregulation of vascular system development - GO:1904018 - positive regulation of vasculature development + GO:0001568 + blood vessel development - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:21472453 - - - - - up regulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of vasculature development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of vascular system development - GOC:TermGenie + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. + GOC:hjd + UBERON:0001981 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. - sl - 2015-03-18T20:33:57Z - down regulation of nociception - down regulation of sensory perception of pain - down-regulation of nociception - down-regulation of sensory perception of pain - downregulation of nociception - downregulation of sensory perception of pain - negative regulation of nociception - down regulation of perception of physiological pain - down-regulation of perception of physiological pain - downregulation of perception of physiological pain - inhibition of nociception - inhibition of perception of physiological pain - inhibition of sensory perception of pain - negative regulation of perception of physiological pain + + + + + + + The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. + patterning of blood vessels biological_process - GO:1904057 - negative regulation of sensory perception of pain + GO:0001569 + branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:17167094 - - - - - down regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie + The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. + GOC:dph - - - negative regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie + + + patterning of blood vessels + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. - sl - 2015-03-18T20:34:03Z - positive regulation of nociception - up regulation of nociception - up regulation of sensory perception of pain - up-regulation of nociception - up-regulation of sensory perception of pain - upregulation of nociception - upregulation of sensory perception of pain - activation of nociception - activation of perception of physiological pain - activation of sensory perception of pain - positive regulation of perception of physiological pain - up regulation of perception of physiological pain - up-regulation of perception of physiological pain - upregulation of perception of physiological pain + + + + + + + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. + Wikipedia:Vasculogenesis + vascular morphogenesis biological_process - GO:1904058 - positive regulation of sensory perception of pain + GO:0001570 + vasculogenesis - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:17167094 - - - - - positive regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of nociception - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of sensory perception of pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. + PMID:8999798 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. + microtubule bundling + biological_process + GO:0001578 + microtubule bundle formation + - - - upregulation of perception of physiological pain - GOC:TermGenie + + + A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - bf - 2015-05-20T11:04:28Z - regulation of bile acid metabolism + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. + GO:0042460 + Wikipedia:Eye_development biological_process - GO:1904251 - regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GO:0001654 + eye development - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bf - GO_REF:0000058 - - - - - regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. + GOC:jid + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - bf - 2015-05-20T11:04:35Z - down regulation of bile acid metabolic process - down regulation of bile acid metabolism - down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process - down-regulation of bile acid metabolism - downregulation of bile acid metabolic process - downregulation of bile acid metabolism - negative regulation of bile acid metabolism - inhibition of bile acid metabolic process - inhibition of bile acid metabolism + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22178 biological_process - GO:1904252 - negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GO:0001655 + urogenital system development - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bf - GO_REF:0000058 - - - - - down regulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. + Wikipedia:Thermoregulation + thermoregulation + biological_process + GO:0001659 + temperature homeostasis + - - - downregulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + + + A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. + GOC:jl - + - negative regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + thermoregulation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. + response to hypoxic stress + response to lowered oxygen tension + response to intermittent hypoxia + response to sustained hypoxia + biological_process + GO:0001666 + Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%. + response to hypoxia + - - - inhibition of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. + GOC:hjd + + + + + + + + Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. + ameboid cell migration + amoeboid cell migration + amoeboidal cell migration + biological_process + GO:0001667 + Note that this term refers to a mode of migration rather than to any particular cell type. + ameboidal-type cell migration + - - - inhibition of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + + + Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - bf - 2015-05-20T11:04:40Z - positive regulation of bile acid metabolism - up regulation of bile acid metabolic process - up regulation of bile acid metabolism - up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process - up-regulation of bile acid metabolism - upregulation of bile acid metabolic process - upregulation of bile acid metabolism - activation of bile acid metabolic process - activation of bile acid metabolism - biological_process - GO:1904253 - positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females. + GO:0043080 + female germ-cell nucleus + cellular_component + GO:0001674 + female germ cell nucleus - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bf - GO_REF:0000058 - - - - - positive regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of bile acid metabolic process - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of bile acid metabolism - GOC:TermGenie + The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females. + CL:0000021 + GOC:hjd - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. - mec - 2016-02-05T09:59:24Z - down regulation of establishment of protein localisation - down regulation of establishment of protein localization - down regulation of protein positioning - down regulation of protein recruitment - down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation - down-regulation of establishment of protein localization - down-regulation of protein positioning - down-regulation of protein recruitment - downregulation of establishment of protein localisation - downregulation of establishment of protein localization - downregulation of protein positioning - downregulation of protein recruitment - negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation - negative regulation of protein positioning - negative regulation of protein recruitment - inhibition of establishment of protein localisation - inhibition of establishment of protein localization - inhibition of protein positioning - inhibition of protein recruitment + + + + + + + Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). + translation initiation ternary complex assembly biological_process - GO:1904950 - negative regulation of establishment of protein localization + GO:0001677 + formation of translation initiation ternary complex - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:22761445 - - - - - down regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie + Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). + GOC:hjd + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + hydrochloric acid secretion + biological_process + GO:0001696 + gastric acid secretion + - - - inhibition of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie + + + The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + GOC:hjd + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + biological_process + GO:0001700 + embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm + - - - inhibition of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + biological_process + GO:0001701 + in utero embryonic development + - - - inhibition of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. - mec - 2016-02-05T09:59:32Z - positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation - positive regulation of protein positioning - positive regulation of protein recruitment - up regulation of establishment of protein localisation - up regulation of establishment of protein localization - up regulation of protein positioning - up regulation of protein recruitment - up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation - up-regulation of establishment of protein localization - up-regulation of protein positioning - up-regulation of protein recruitment - upregulation of establishment of protein localisation - upregulation of establishment of protein localization - upregulation of protein positioning - upregulation of protein recruitment - activation of establishment of protein localisation - activation of establishment of protein localization - activation of protein positioning - activation of protein recruitment + + + + + + + The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. biological_process - GO:1904951 - positive regulation of establishment of protein localization + GO:0001704 + formation of primary germ layer - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:22761445 - - - - - positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - positive regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of establishment of protein localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of establishment of protein localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of protein positioning - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of protein recruitment - GOC:TermGenie + The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - bhm - 2016-06-20T09:35:41Z + + + + + + + The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. biological_process - GO:1905276 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - regulation of epithelial tube formation + GO:0001705 + ectoderm formation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 + The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - bhm - 2016-06-20T09:35:49Z - down regulation of epithelial tube formation - down-regulation of epithelial tube formation - downregulation of epithelial tube formation - inhibition of epithelial tube formation + + + + + + + The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. + endoblast formation biological_process - GO:1905277 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - negative regulation of epithelial tube formation + GO:0001706 + endoderm formation - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 - - - - - down regulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie + The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. + GOC:go_curators - + - inhibition of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie + endoblast formation + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - bhm - 2016-06-20T09:35:57Z - up regulation of epithelial tube formation - up-regulation of epithelial tube formation - upregulation of epithelial tube formation - activation of epithelial tube formation + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. biological_process - GO:1905278 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - positive regulation of epithelial tube formation + GO:0001707 + mesoderm formation - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 - - - - - up regulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of epithelial tube formation - GOC:TermGenie + The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - bhm - 2016-07-22T07:13:49Z - regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + + + + + + + The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. biological_process - GO:1905330 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + optic placode formation + GO:0001743 + lens placode formation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 - - - - - regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie + The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - bhm - 2016-07-22T07:13:57Z - down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis - downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis - inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + insect-type retina morphogenesis biological_process - GO:1905331 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GO:0001745 + compound eye morphogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 - - - - - down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie + The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie + insect-type retina morphogenesis + PMID:11735386 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - bhm - 2016-07-22T07:14:05Z - positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis - upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - activation of epithelium morphogenesis - activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. biological_process - GO:1905332 - An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). - positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GO:0001751 + compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:bhm - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:25745997 - - - - - positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of epithelium morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - GOC:TermGenie + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - nc - 2016-10-12T14:19:33Z - regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. biological_process - GO:1905553 - regulation of blood vessel branching + GO:0001754 + eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_telomere - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:nc - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23201774 - - - - - regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - nc - 2016-10-12T14:19:41Z - down regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - down regulation of patterning of blood vessels - down-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - down-regulation of patterning of blood vessels - downregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - downregulation of patterning of blood vessels - negative regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - inhibition of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - inhibition of patterning of blood vessels + + + + + + + + + + + + + The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. + Wikipedia:Somitogenesis + formation of mesodermal clusters biological_process - GO:1905554 - negative regulation of vessel branching + GO:0001756 + somitogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_telomere - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:nc - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23201774 - - - - - down regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie + The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. + ISBN:0721662544 - + - downregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie + formation of mesodermal clusters + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. + branching morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0001763 + morphogenesis of a branching structure + - - - downregulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. + ISBN:0721662544 - + - negative regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie + branching morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - nc - 2016-10-12T14:19:49Z - positive regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - up regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - up regulation of patterning of blood vessels - up-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - up-regulation of patterning of blood vessels - upregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - upregulation of patterning of blood vessels - activation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - activation of patterning of blood vessels + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. + immune cell homeostasis + leucocyte homeostasis biological_process - GO:1905555 - positive regulation of blood vessel branching + GO:0001776 + Note that this term represents the return of immune system cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus. + leukocyte homeostasis - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_telomere - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:nc - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23201774 - - - - - positive regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of patterning of blood vessels - GOC:TermGenie + The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - rph - 2017-02-03T12:28:20Z + The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. + 5-HT secretion + 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion biological_process - GO:1905902 - regulation of mesoderm formation + serotonin release + GO:0001820 + serotonin secretion - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_miRNA - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:rph - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23939491 + The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. + GOC:ef + ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + serotonin release + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - rph - 2017-02-03T12:28:29Z - down regulation of mesoderm formation - down-regulation of mesoderm formation - downregulation of mesoderm formation - inhibition of mesoderm formation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. biological_process - GO:1905903 - negative regulation of mesoderm formation + GO:0001824 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS5, embryo ; EMAP:23', 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24' and 'TS5, trophectoderm; EMAP:28'. + blastocyst development - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_miRNA - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:rph - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23939491 - - - - - down regulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - rph - 2017-02-03T12:28:38Z - up regulation of mesoderm formation - up-regulation of mesoderm formation - upregulation of mesoderm formation - activation of mesoderm formation + + + + + + + The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. biological_process - GO:1905904 - positive regulation of mesoderm formation + GO:0001825 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology term 'TS3, compacted morula ; EMAP:9'. + blastocyst formation - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. - GOC:BHF - GOC:BHF_miRNA - GOC:TermGenie - GOC:rph - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:23939491 - - - - - up regulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of mesoderm formation - GOC:TermGenie + The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - rz - 2017-02-21T12:12:22Z - regulation of lipid localisation + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. biological_process - GO:1905952 - regulation of lipid localization + GO:0001826 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14'. + inner cell mass cell differentiation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:17564681 - - - - - regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - rz - 2017-02-21T12:12:41Z - down regulation of lipid localisation - down regulation of lipid localization - down-regulation of lipid localisation - down-regulation of lipid localization - downregulation of lipid localisation - downregulation of lipid localization - negative regulation of lipid localisation - inhibition of lipid localisation - inhibition of lipid localization + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. + trophectoderm cell differentiation biological_process - GO:1905953 - negative regulation of lipid localization + GO:0001829 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19'. + trophectodermal cell differentiation - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:17564681 - - - - - down regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down regulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - down-regulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - downregulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - negative regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - inhibition of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - rz - 2017-02-21T12:12:49Z - positive regulation of lipid localisation - up regulation of lipid localisation - up regulation of lipid localization - up-regulation of lipid localisation - up-regulation of lipid localization - upregulation of lipid localisation - upregulation of lipid localization - activation of lipid localisation - activation of lipid localization + + + + + + + The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. + trophectoderm cellular morphogenesis biological_process - GO:1905954 - positive regulation of lipid localization + GO:0001831 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'. + trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. - GOC:TermGenie - GO_REF:0000058 - PMID:17564681 - - - - - positive regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up regulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - up-regulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - upregulation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of lipid localisation - GOC:TermGenie - - - - - activation of lipid localization - GOC:TermGenie + The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. - tb - 2010-08-05T11:25:59Z + + + + + + + An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation. biological_process - GO:2000026 - regulation of multicellular organismal development + GO:0001832 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:17', 'TS5, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:27' and 'TS6, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:36'. + blastocyst growth - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. - GOC:obol + An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. - tb - 2010-09-15T08:55:45Z - regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism - regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - regulation of cellular macromolecule formation - regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis + + + + + + + The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. biological_process - GO:2000112 - regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process + GO:0001833 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14' and 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24'. + inner cell mass cell proliferation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular macromolecule formation - GOC:obol - - - - - regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis - GOC:obol + The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. - tb - 2010-09-15T08:55:48Z - negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis + + + + + + + The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. + trophectoderm cell proliferation biological_process - GO:2000113 - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process + GO:0001834 + See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'. + trophectodermal cell proliferation - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis - GOC:obol + The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0124020607 + ISBN:0198542771 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - mah - 2010-10-01T09:41:21Z - regulation of cell locomotion - regulation of movement of a cell + + + + + + + A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + EMT + epithelial-mesenchymal transition + mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell biological_process - regulation of cell movement - GO:2000145 - regulation of cell motility + GO:0001837 + epithelial to mesenchymal transition - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - GOC:mah - - - - - regulation of cell locomotion - GOC:obol + A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + GOC:dph + PMID:14701881 - + - regulation of movement of a cell - GOC:obol + mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. + biological_process + GO:0001838 + embryonic epithelial tube formation + - - - regulation of cell movement - GOC:obol + + + The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0824072820 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - mah - 2010-10-01T09:41:26Z - negative regulation of cell locomotion - negative regulation of movement of a cell + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue. biological_process - negative regulation of cell movement - GO:2000146 - negative regulation of cell motility + GO:0001839 + neural plate morphogenesis - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - GOC:mah - - - - - negative regulation of cell locomotion - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of movement of a cell - GOC:obol - - - - - negative regulation of cell movement - GOC:obol + The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0878932437 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - mah - 2010-10-01T09:41:30Z - positive regulation of cell locomotion - positive regulation of movement of a cell + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. biological_process - positive regulation of cell movement - GO:2000147 - positive regulation of cell motility + GO:0001840 + neural plate development - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. - GOC:mah - - - - - positive regulation of cell locomotion - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of movement of a cell - GOC:obol - - - - - positive regulation of cell movement - GOC:obol + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. + GOC:dph + GOC:ef + ISBN:0878932437 + ISBN:0878932585 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. - dph - 2010-10-13T12:46:31Z + + + + + + + The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. + GO:0001679 + Wikipedia:Neurulation + neural tube morphogenesis + neurulation biological_process - GO:2000181 - negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis + GO:0001841 + neural tube formation - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. - GOC:dph - GOC:yaf + The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + neural tube morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - mah - 2010-11-10T02:44:02Z + + + + + + + The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove. biological_process - GO:2000241 - regulation of reproductive process + neural groove formation + GO:0001842 + neural fold formation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - GOC:mah + The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + neural groove formation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - mah - 2010-11-10T02:44:05Z + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species. biological_process - GO:2000242 - negative regulation of reproductive process + GO:0001878 + defined as response to Saccharomycotina (true yeasts). This excludes fission yeast. + response to yeast - + - Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - GOC:mah + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species. + PMID:14707091 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - mah - 2010-11-10T02:44:08Z + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process - GO:2000243 - positive regulation of reproductive process + GO:0001885 + endothelial cell development - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. - GOC:mah + The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - bf - 2010-12-21T09:23:08Z + + + + + + + The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. biological_process - GO:2000292 - regulation of defecation + GO:0001886 + endothelial cell morphogenesis - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - GOC:obol + The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - bf - 2010-12-21T09:23:13Z + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. biological_process - GO:2000293 - negative regulation of defecation + GO:0001889 + liver development - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - GOC:obol + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. + GOC:add + ISBN:068340007X - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - bf - 2010-12-21T09:23:16Z + The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. biological_process - GO:2000294 - positive regulation of defecation + GO:0001935 + endothelial cell proliferation - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. - GOC:obol + The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 - + - + - + - + - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:09:46Z + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. biological_process - GO:2000380 - regulation of mesoderm development + GO:0001936 + regulation of endothelial cell proliferation - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - GOC:BHF + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:10:02Z + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. + down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation + down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation + downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation + inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation biological_process - GO:2000381 - negative regulation of mesoderm development + GO:0001937 + negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - GOC:BHF + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:10:12Z + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. + up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation + up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation + upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation + activation of endothelial cell proliferation + stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation biological_process - GO:2000382 - positive regulation of mesoderm development + GO:0001938 + positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. - GOC:BHF + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:17:10Z + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. biological_process - GO:2000383 - regulation of ectoderm development + vascular system development + GO:0001944 + vasculature development - + - Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - GOC:BHF + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. + GOC:dph + UBERON:0002409 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:17:27Z + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. biological_process - GO:2000384 - negative regulation of ectoderm development + GO:0001955 + blood vessel maturation - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - GOC:BHF + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + + + + - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - vk - 2011-02-15T03:17:39Z + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. + up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion + activation of neurotransmitter secretion + stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion biological_process - GO:2000385 - positive regulation of ectoderm development + GO:0001956 + positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. - GOC:BHF + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. + GOC:hjd - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. - yaf - 2011-04-01T04:10:08Z + + + Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. + Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification + dermal ossification biological_process - GO:2000542 - negative regulation of gastrulation + intramembranous bone ossification + GO:0001957 + An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division. + intramembranous ossification - + - Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. - GOC:obol + Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + dermal ossification + GO_REF:0000034 + + + + + intramembranous bone ossification + GOC:cjm - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. - yaf - 2011-04-01T04:10:15Z + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. + epithelium morphogenesis biological_process - GO:2000543 - positive regulation of gastrulation + GO:0002009 + morphogenesis of an epithelium - + - Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. - GOC:obol + The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:tb + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - A change of place or position of part of an organism that does not involve the entire organism [NBO:SMAC] - 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z - George Gkoutos - stationary movement - behavior_ontology - body part movement + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. + biological_process + GO:0002011 + morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. + GOC:jl + - + - - - The act of moving any of the tissues and hard structures surrounding the mouth other than teeth, jaws or filter structures [NBO:AC] - 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z - George Gkoutos - mouth part movement - other moved mouth parts - behavior_ontology - mouth movement + + + Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. + cardiac chronotropy + regulation of heart contraction rate + regulation of rate of heart contraction + biological_process + GO:0002027 + regulation of heart rate + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + PMID:10358008 + + + + + cardiac chronotropy + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - The act of repeated grinding, tearing, and or crushing with teeth or jaws [NBO:SMAC] - 2011-04-14T01:20:02Z - George Gkoutos - chew - gnaw - mastication - behavior_ontology - chewing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + regulation of Na+ transport + regulation of sodium transport + biological_process + GO:0002028 + regulation of sodium ion transport + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + - + - - - "The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:GO\:0007610] - 2011-04-05T09:53:10Z - George Gkoutos - NBO:0000000 - behavior - behaviour - behavior_ontology - GO:0007610 - behavior process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. + up regulation of neuroblast proliferation + up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation + upregulation of neuroblast proliferation + activation of neuroblast proliferation + stimulation of neuroblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:0002052 + positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. + GOC:dph + - + - - - "Movement behavior of the body or its parts." - 2011-04-05T02:08:47Z - George Gkoutos - behavior_ontology - kinesthetic behavior + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. + up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0002053 + positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + + + + The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. + GOC:dph + - + - - - 2012-03-17T09:51:17Z - gkoutos - behavior_ontology - jaw movement + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + biological_process + GO:0002062 + chondrocyte differentiation + + + + The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + GOC:dph + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - + + - "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:0050795] - George Gkoutos - GO:0050795 - regulation of behavior + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + biological_process + GO:0002063 + chondrocyte development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + GOC:dph + - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - all - NCBITaxon:1 - root + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. + biological_process + GO:0002064 + epithelial cell development - - - all - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:10066 - Muridae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + biological_process + GO:0002065 + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + GOC:dph + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - rat - rats - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:10114 - Rattus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + biological_process + GO:0002066 + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development - - - rat - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + biological_process + GO:0002067 + glandular epithelial cell differentiation + - - - rats - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + GOC:dph - + - - - Viruses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + biological_process + GO:0002068 + glandular epithelial cell development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + GOC:dph + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Palpata - NCBITaxon:105389 - Sedentaria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + biological_process + GO:0002069 + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation - - - Palpata - + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:105391 - Canalipalpata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. + biological_process + GO:0002070 + epithelial cell maturation + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. + GOC:dph + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + biological_process + GO:0002071 + glandular epithelial cell maturation + + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. + GOC:dph + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - fish - fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Agnatha - Hyperotreti - NCBITaxon:117565 - Myxini + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development + biological_process + GO:0002072 + optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development - - - fish - + + + The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_sensu + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. + negative regulation of neural plate formation + repression of premature neural plate formation + biological_process + GO:0002085 + inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + - - - fishes - + + + Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. + GOC:dph + PMID:16678814 - - - Agnatha - + + + negative regulation of neural plate formation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - Hyperotreti - + + + repression of premature neural plate formation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:117570 - Teleostomi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. + neurological control of breathing + regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process + biological_process + GO:0002087 + regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process + + + + A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + PMID:12458206 + + + + + neurological control of breathing + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - NCBITaxon:40673 - GC_ID:1 - bony vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:117571 - Euteleostomi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + lens development + lens development in camera-style eye + biological_process + GO:0002088 + lens development in camera-type eye - - - bony vertebrates - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0582064333 - + - - - - NCBITaxon:27837 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Adenophorea - NCBITaxon:119089 - Chromadorea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + lens morphogenesis + lens morphogenesis in camera-style eye + biological_process + GO:0002089 + lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye - - - Adenophorea - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1206794 - Ecdysozoa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + biological_process + GO:0002119 + nematode larval development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + GOC:ems + GOC:kmv + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1206795 - Lophotrochozoa + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. + biological_process + GO:0002164 + larval development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. + GOC:jid + ISBN:0877795088 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:123365 - Neoteleostei + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. + haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0002244 + hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + + + + The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. + GOC:add + GOC:rl + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:16551251 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Eurypterygii - NCBITaxon:123366 - Eurypterygia + + + An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. + immune response in organ or tissue + biological_process + GO:0002251 + organ or tissue specific immune response - - - Eurypterygii - + + + An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. + GOC:jal + GO_REF:0000022 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:123367 - Ctenosquamata + + + Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18737 + biological_process + GO:0002252 + immune effector process + + + + Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000022 + ISBN:0781735149 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Acanthomorpha - NCBITaxon:123368 - Acanthomorphata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0002262 + myeloid cell homeostasis - - - Acanthomorpha - + + + The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. + CL:0000763 + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Euacanthomorpha - NCBITaxon:123369 - Euacanthomorphacea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages. + biological_process + GO:0002318 + myeloid progenitor cell differentiation - - - Euacanthomorpha - + + + The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages. + GOC:add + PMID:16551264 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:124129 - Acipenserinae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. + + Wikipedia:Immune_system + biological_process + GO:0002376 + + + + + + + Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). + immune system process + + + + Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000022 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:124130 - Acipenserini + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An immune response taking place in the liver. + biological_process + GO:0002384 + hepatic immune response + + + + An immune response taking place in the liver. + GOC:jal + GO_REF:0000022 + ISBN:0781735149 + - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - biota - NCBITaxon:131567 - cellular organisms + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. + GO:0019723 + GO:0042087 + immune cell effector process + immune cell mediated immunity + leucocyte immune effector process + leucocyte mediated immunity + leukocyte immune effector process + biological_process + cell-mediated immune response + cellular immune response + GO:0002443 + leukocyte mediated immunity - - - biota - + + + Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000022 + ISBN:0781735149 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:22839753 - PMID:25450099 - ncbi_taxonomy - Archosauria-Testudines - Testudines + Archosauria group - NCBITaxon:1329799 - Archelosauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte. + myeloid leucocyte immune effector process + myeloid leucocyte mediated immunity + myeloid leukocyte immune effector process + biological_process + GO:0002444 + myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity - - - Archosauria-Testudines - - - - - - Testudines + Archosauria group - + + + Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000022 + ISBN:0781735149 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1338369 - Dipnotetrapodomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. + biological_process + GO:0002520 + + immune system development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. + GOC:add + GOC:dph + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11743200 - PMID:11791233 - ncbi_taxonomy - Boreotheria - NCBITaxon:1437010 - Boreoeutheria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + immune cell differentiation + leucocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0002521 + leukocyte differentiation - - - Boreotheria - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + CL:0000738 + GOC:add + PMID:16551264 - - - - - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. + myeloid leucocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0002573 + myeloid leukocyte differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. + GOC:add + PMID:16551251 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - jawless vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - Agnatha - NCBITaxon:1476529 - Cyclostomata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + biological_process + GO:0002682 + regulation of immune system process - - - jawless vertebrates - - - - - - Agnatha - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1489341 - Osteoglossocephalai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + down regulation of immune system process + down-regulation of immune system process + downregulation of immune system process + inhibition of immune system process + biological_process + GO:0002683 + negative regulation of immune system process + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1489388 - Euteleosteomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + up regulation of immune system process + up-regulation of immune system process + upregulation of immune system process + activation of immune system process + stimulation of immune system process + biological_process + GO:0002684 + positive regulation of immune system process + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:1489872 - Percomorphaceae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + biological_process + GO:0002697 + regulation of immune effector process + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Percomorpharia - NCBITaxon:1489922 - Eupercaria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + down regulation of immune effector process + down-regulation of immune effector process + downregulation of immune effector process + inhibition of immune effector process + biological_process + GO:0002698 + negative regulation of immune effector process - - - Percomorpharia - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:186622 - Acipenseroidei + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + up regulation of immune effector process + up-regulation of immune effector process + upregulation of immune effector process + activation of immune effector process + stimulation of immune effector process + biological_process + GO:0002699 + positive regulation of immune effector process + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:186623 - Actinopteri + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + regulation of immune cell mediated immunity + regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity + biological_process + GO:0002703 + regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add + - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:186625 - Clupeocephala + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity + negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity + inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity + biological_process + GO:0002704 + negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Otophysa - NCBITaxon:186626 - Otophysi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity + positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity + up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + activation of leukocyte mediated immunity + stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity + biological_process + GO:0002705 + positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity - - - Otophysa - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cypriniphysi - NCBITaxon:186627 - Cypriniphysae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0002761 + regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation - - - Cypriniphysi - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Ostarioclupeomorpha - Otocephala - NCBITaxon:186634 - Otomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + down regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + downregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0002762 + negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation - - - Ostarioclupeomorpha - - - - - - Otocephala - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - mice and others - ncbi_taxonomy - Sciurognathi - NCBITaxon:1963758 - Myomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + up regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + upregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0002763 + positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation - - - mice and others - - - - - - Sciurognathi - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:10874751 - PMID:11557979 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:197562 - Pancrustacea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. + biological_process + GO:0002790 + peptide secretion + + + + The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11557979 - PMID:9727836 - mandibulates - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:197563 - Mandibulata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + biological_process + GO:0002791 + regulation of peptide secretion - - - mandibulates - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + GOC:add - + - - - - Bacteria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + down regulation of peptide secretion + down-regulation of peptide secretion + downregulation of peptide secretion + inhibition of peptide secretion + biological_process + GO:0002792 + negative regulation of peptide secretion + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Homo/Pan/Gorilla group - NCBITaxon:207598 - Homininae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + up regulation of peptide secretion + up-regulation of peptide secretion + upregulation of peptide secretion + activation of peptide secretion + stimulation of peptide secretion + biological_process + GO:0002793 + positive regulation of peptide secretion - - - Homo/Pan/Gorilla group - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. + GOC:add - + - - - Archaea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0002831 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + regulation of response to biotic stimulus + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:2301116 - Rhabditina + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + down regulation of response to biotic stimulus + down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus + downregulation of response to biotic stimulus + inhibition of response to biotic stimulus + biological_process + GO:0002832 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:2301119 - Rhabditomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + up regulation of response to biotic stimulus + up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus + upregulation of response to biotic stimulus + activation of response to biotic stimulus + stimulation of response to biotic stimulus + biological_process + GO:0002833 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - Xenopus - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:262014 - Xenopus <subgenus> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + biological_process + GO:0002886 + regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity - - - Xenopus - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:2697495 - Spiralia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + biological_process + GO:0002887 + negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:2743709 - Danionidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + biological_process + GO:0002888 + positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. + GOC:add + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:2743711 - Danioninae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move. + hjd + 2012-04-23T02:11:22Z + biological_process + GO:0002932 + tendon sheath development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move. + PMID:20696843 + - + - - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:23020233 - PMID:30257078 - eucaryotes - eukaryotes - ncbi_taxonomy - Eucarya - Eucaryotae - Eukarya - Eukaryotae - euk- - eukaryotes - NCBITaxon:2759 - Eukaryota + + + The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. + biological_process + pattern formation + GO:0003002 + regionalization - - - eucaryotes - - - - - - eukaryotes - - - - - - Eucarya - - - - - - Eucaryotae - + + + The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete - + - Eukarya - + pattern formation + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. + puberty + biological_process + reproductive developmental process + GO:0003006 + developmental process involved in reproduction + - - - Eukaryotae - + + + A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete - - - euk- - PRO:DAN - + + + puberty + GOC:dph - + - eukaryotes - + reproductive developmental process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:30319 - Pipoidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + biological_process + cardiac morphogenesis + GO:0003007 + heart morphogenesis + + + + The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Cyprinoidea - NCBITaxon:30727 - Cyprinoidei + + + A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. + organ system process + biological_process + GO:0003008 + system process - - - Cyprinoidea - + + + A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - pufferfishes and others - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:31022 - Tetraodontiformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control. + biological_process + GO:0003009 + skeletal muscle contraction - - - pufferfishes and others - + + + A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control. + GOC:mtg_cardio + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:31028 - Tetraodontoidei + + + A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. + biological_process + muscle physiological process + GO:0003012 + + + muscle system process + + + + A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. + GOC:mtg_cardio + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - puffer fishes - puffers - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:31031 - Tetraodontidae + + + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. + Wikipedia:Circulatory_system + biological_process + GO:0003013 + + + circulatory system process - - - puffer fishes - - - - - - puffers - + + + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Fugu - NCBITaxon:31032 - Takifugu + + + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). + excretory system process + biological_process + kidney system process + GO:0003014 + + renal system process - - - Fugu - + + + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). + GOC:cjm + GOC:mtg_cardio + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - tiger puffer - torafugu - ncbi_taxonomy - Fugu rubripes - Sphaeroides rubripes - Tetraodon rubripes - NCBITaxon:31033 - Takifugu rubripes + + + A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + biological_process + cardiac process + GO:0003015 + heart process - - - tiger puffer - - - - - - torafugu - - - - - - Fugu rubripes - - - - - - Sphaeroides rubripes - - - - - - Tetraodon rubripes - + + + A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11214319 - PMID:12082125 - PMID:12878460 - PMID:15522813 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:314146 - Euarchontoglires + + + + + + + + + A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. + GO:0010802 + respiratory gaseous exchange + biological_process + GO:0003016 + + respiratory system process + + + + A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_cardio + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:11214319 - PMID:12082125 - PMID:15522813 - Rodents and rabbits - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:314147 - Glires + + + + The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + biological_process + GO:0003032 + detection of oxygen - - - Rodents and rabbits - + + + The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Anthropoidea - NCBITaxon:314293 - Simiiformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system. + biological_process + GO:0003096 + renal sodium ion transport - - - Anthropoidea - + + + The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system. + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ape - apes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:314295 - Hominoidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells. + tb + 2009-09-22T03:07:34Z + mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0003131 + mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling - - - ape - + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - apes - + mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling + GOC:mah - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32341 - Sophophora + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells. + tb + 2009-09-22T03:10:29Z + endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0003133 + endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling + GOC:mah + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32346 - melanogaster group + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. + tb + 2009-09-22T04:12:18Z + cardiac crescent morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003142 + cardiogenic plate morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + cardiac crescent morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32351 - melanogaster subgroup + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + tb + 2009-09-22T04:21:17Z + biological_process + GO:0003143 + embryonic heart tube morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32440 - Chondrostei + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + tb + 2009-09-22T04:22:34Z + biological_process + GO:0003144 + embryonic heart tube formation + + + + The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - teleost fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32443 - Teleostei + + + The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis. + tb + 2009-09-22T04:26:03Z + biological_process + GO:0003145 + embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding - - - teleost fishes - + + + The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32517 - Tetradontoidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. + tb + 2009-09-22T07:51:01Z + biological_process + GO:0003148 + outflow tract septum morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32519 - Ostariophysi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. + tb + 2009-09-22T07:51:41Z + biological_process + GO:0003149 + membranous septum morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - tetrapods - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32523 - Tetrapoda + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. + tb + 2009-09-22T07:53:28Z + biological_process + GO:0003150 + muscular septum morphogenesis - - - tetrapods - + + + The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - amniotes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32524 - Amniota + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + tb + 2009-09-22T07:59:24Z + biological_process + GO:0003151 + outflow tract morphogenesis - - - amniotes - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + GOC:mtg_heart + UBERON:0004145 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - Theria - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:32525 - Theria <mammals> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation. + tb + 2009-09-23T10:10:24Z + biological_process + GO:0003152 + morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation - - - Theria - + + + The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - diapsids - ncbi_taxonomy - Diapsida - NCBITaxon:32561 - Sauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. + tb + 2009-09-30T11:21:09Z + biological_process + GO:0003156 + regulation of animal organ formation + + + + - - - diapsids - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - Diapsida - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Fungi/Metazoa group - opisthokonts - NCBITaxon:33154 - Opisthokonta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + dph + 2009-10-01T12:42:27Z + biological_process + GO:0003157 + endocardium development - - - Fungi/Metazoa group - - - - - - opisthokonts - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - metazoans - multicellular animals - ncbi_taxonomy - Animalia - animals - metazoan- - NCBITaxon:33208 - Metazoa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + dph + 2009-10-01T12:50:57Z + biological_process + GO:0003158 + endothelium development - - - metazoans - - - - - - multicellular animals - - - - - - Animalia - - - - - - animals - - - - - - metazoan- - PRO:DAN - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:33213 - Bilateria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + dph + 2009-10-01T01:34:06Z + biological_process + GO:0003159 + morphogenesis of an endothelium + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:33317 - Protostomia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + dph + 2009-10-01T01:37:26Z + biological_process + GO:0003160 + endocardium morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:33340 - Neoptera + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. + dph + 2009-10-01T01:57:16Z + cardiac impulse conducting system development + heart conduction system development + biological_process + GO:0003161 + cardiac conduction system development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + cardiac impulse conducting system development + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + heart conduction system development + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Holometabola - NCBITaxon:33392 - Endopterygota + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system. + dph + 2009-10-01T02:05:13Z + AV node development + biological_process + GO:0003162 + atrioventricular node development - - - Holometabola - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + AV node development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - deuterostomes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:33511 - Deuterostomia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node. + dph + 2009-10-01T02:06:09Z + SA node development + SAN development + sinus node development + biological_process + GO:0003163 + sinoatrial node development - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + - deuterostomes - + SA node development + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + SAN development + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + sinus node development + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - - - - - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + dph + 2009-10-01T02:07:12Z + biological_process + GO:0003164 + His-Purkinje system development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:15019624 - PMID:15371245 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:337687 - Muroidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. + dph + 2009-10-01T02:07:50Z + cardiac Purkinje fiber development + biological_process + GO:0003165 + Purkinje myocyte development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:376913 - Haplorrhini + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle. + dph + 2009-10-01T02:49:54Z + cardiac Purkinje fiber cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003168 + Purkinje myocyte differentiation + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle. + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-08T10:45:41Z + biological_process + GO:0003169 + coronary vein morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - NCBITaxon:109679 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:39107 - Murinae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + dph + 2009-10-08T01:17:43Z + biological_process + GO:0003197 + endocardial cushion development + + + + The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - mammal - mammals - ncbi_taxonomy - mammal- - mammals - NCBITaxon:40674 - Mammalia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + dph + 2009-10-08T01:43:22Z + biological_process + GO:0003203 + endocardial cushion morphogenesis - - - mammal - - - - - - mammals - - - - - - mammal- - PRO:DAN - - - - - - mammals - + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - NCBITaxon:167797 - NCBITaxon:27906 - NCBITaxon:29174 - NCBITaxon:41329 - NCBITaxon:54122 - NCBITaxon:55674 - NCBITaxon:55678 - NCBITaxon:6422 - GC_ID:1 - pogonophores - vestimentiferans - ncbi_taxonomy - Frenulata - Lamellibrachiidae - Obturata - Oligobrachiidae - Perviata - Pogonophora - Polybrachiidae - Sclerolinidae - Vestimentifera - tube worms - NCBITaxon:41324 - Siboglinidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:05:04Z + heart fibrous skeleton development + biological_process + GO:0003204 + cardiac skeleton development - - - pogonophores - + + + The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - vestimentiferans - - - - - - Frenulata - - - - - - Lamellibrachiidae - - - - - - Obturata - - - - - - Oligobrachiidae - - - - - - Perviata - - - - - - Pogonophora - - - - - - Polybrachiidae - - - - - - Sclerolinidae - - - - - - Vestimentifera - - - - - - tube worms - + heart fibrous skeleton development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Neopterygi - NCBITaxon:41665 - Neopterygii + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:11:18Z + biological_process + GO:0003205 + cardiac chamber development - - - Neopterygi - + + + The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:41666 - Batrachia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:14:51Z + heart chamber morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003206 + cardiac chamber morphogenesis + + + + The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - dinosaur - dinosaurs - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:436486 - Dinosauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:29:13Z + heart chamber formation + biological_process + GO:0003207 + cardiac chamber formation - - - dinosaur - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - dinosaurs - + heart chamber formation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:436489 - Saurischia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:38:44Z + biological_process + GO:0003208 + cardiac ventricle morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:436491 - Theropoda + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:39:44Z + biological_process + GO:0003209 + cardiac atrium morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:436492 - Coelurosauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:44:25Z + biological_process + GO:0003210 + cardiac atrium formation + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - NCBITaxon:43732 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Asilomorpha - NCBITaxon:43733 - Muscomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:46:27Z + biological_process + GO:0003211 + cardiac ventricle formation - - - Asilomorpha - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:43738 - Schizophora + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:48:16Z + biological_process + GO:0003212 + cardiac left atrium morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:43741 - Acalyptratae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:49:03Z + biological_process + GO:0003213 + cardiac right atrium morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:43746 - Ephydroidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:50:08Z + biological_process + GO:0003214 + cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:43845 - Drosophilinae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:50:57Z + biological_process + GO:0003215 + cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:52:31Z + biological_process + GO:0003216 + cardiac left atrium formation + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:46877 - Drosophilini + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:53:12Z + biological_process + GO:0003217 + cardiac right atrium formation + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:54:33Z + biological_process + GO:0003218 + cardiac left ventricle formation + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:480117 - Cyclorrhapha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. + dph + 2009-10-13T09:55:38Z + biological_process + GO:0003219 + cardiac right ventricle formation + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:480118 - Eremoneura + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:18:05Z + left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003220 + left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:26:33Z + right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003221 + right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:33:00Z + biological_process + trabecula carnea morphogenesis + GO:0003222 + ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + trabecula carnea morphogenesis + GOC:dph + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:45:09Z + biological_process + GO:0003225 + left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:50:59Z + biological_process + GO:0003227 + right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22614 + dph + 2009-10-13T10:53:18Z + atrial myocardium development + biological_process + GO:0003228 + atrial cardiac muscle tissue development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + atrial myocardium development + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - true insects - ncbi_taxonomy - insects - NCBITaxon:50557 - Insecta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-10-13T10:56:01Z + ventricular myocardium development + biological_process + GO:0003229 + ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development - - - true insects - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - insects - + + + ventricular myocardium development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:55879 - Rhabditoidea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:02:07Z + biological_process + GO:0003230 + cardiac atrium development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:55885 - Peloderinae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:03:16Z + biological_process + GO:0003231 + cardiac ventricle development + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - sponges - ncbi_taxonomy - Parazoa - sponges - NCBITaxon:6040 - Porifera + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:12:34Z + biological_process + GO:0003235 + sinus venosus development - - - sponges - - - - - - Parazoa - - - - - - sponges - + + + The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6072 - Eumetazoa - - - - - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - cnidarians - coelenterates - ncbi_taxonomy - Coelenterata - cnidarians - NCBITaxon:6073 - Cnidaria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:16:52Z + biological_process + GO:0003236 + sinus venosus morphogenesis - - - cnidarians - - - - - - coelenterates - - - - - - Coelenterata - - - - - - cnidarians - + + + The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - flatworm - flatworms - ncbi_taxonomy - flatworms - NCBITaxon:6157 - Platyhelminthes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:18:34Z + biological_process + GO:0003237 + sinus venosus formation - - - flatworm - - - - - - flatworms - - - - - - flatworms - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - nematode - nematodes - roundworm - roundworms - ncbi_taxonomy - Nemata - nematodes - NCBITaxon:6231 - Nematoda + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:28:46Z + biological_process + GO:0003241 + growth involved in heart morphogenesis - - - nematode - - - - - - nematodes - - - - - - roundworm - - - - - - roundworms - - - - - - Nemata - - - - - - nematodes - + + + Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - NCBITaxon:33251 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6236 - Rhabditida + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:44:21Z + biological_process + GO:0003245 + cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis + + + + The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6237 - Caenorhabditis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. + dph + 2009-10-13T11:53:12Z + biological_process + GO:0003248 + heart capillary growth + + + + The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhabditis elegans - NCBITaxon:6239 - Caenorhabditis elegans + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + dph + 2009-10-20T08:53:19Z + biological_process + GO:0003272 + endocardial cushion formation - - - Rhabditis elegans - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + GOC:mtg_heart + PMID:15797462 - + - - - - NCBITaxon:54603 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6243 - Rhabditidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + dph + 2009-10-20T09:08:44Z + biological_process + GO:0003273 + cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation + + + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - annelid worms - ncbi_taxonomy - segmented worms - NCBITaxon:6340 - Annelida + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + dph + 2009-10-20T09:30:01Z + apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003275 + apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - - - annelid worms - - - - - - segmented worms - + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - polychaetes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6341 - Polychaeta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + dph + 2009-10-20T09:37:03Z + apoptosis involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003277 + apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis - - - polychaetes - + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:6362 - Sabellida + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-20T09:40:22Z + apoptosis involved in heart morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003278 + apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis + + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - arthropods - ncbi_taxonomy - arthropods - NCBITaxon:6656 - Arthropoda + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-10-20T09:45:13Z + heart septum development + biological_process + GO:0003279 + cardiac septum development - - - arthropods - + + + The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - arthropods - + + + heart septum development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - insects - ncbi_taxonomy - Atelocerata - Tracheata - Uniramia - hexapods - NCBITaxon:6960 - Hexapoda + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-10-20T10:04:51Z + interventricular septum development + septum inferius development + biological_process + GO:0003281 + ventricular septum development - - - insects - - - - - - Atelocerata - + + + The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - Tracheata - + + + interventricular septum development + GOC:mtg_heart - - - Uniramia - + + + septum inferius development + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-10-20T10:10:38Z + biological_process + GO:0003283 + atrial septum development + - - - hexapods - + + + The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - flies - ncbi_taxonomy - flies - NCBITaxon:7147 - Diptera + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum. + dph + 2009-10-20T11:03:46Z + biological_process + GO:0003292 + cardiac septum cell differentiation - - - flies - + + + The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development. + dph + 2009-10-22T09:24:51Z + biological_process + GO:0003298 + physiological muscle hypertrophy + - - - flies - + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7203 - Brachycera + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. + dph + 2009-10-22T10:33:56Z + biological_process + GO:0003300 + cardiac muscle hypertrophy + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. + GOC:mtg_heart + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - pomace flies - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7214 - Drosophilidae + + + + + + + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-22T10:38:10Z + biological_process + GO:0003301 + physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy - - - pomace flies - + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - NCBITaxon:7326 - GC_ID:1 - Drosophila - fruit flies - fruit fly - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7215 - Drosophila <flies,genus> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + dph + 2009-10-26T09:27:23Z + pancreatic B cell differentiation + pancreatic beta cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003309 + type B pancreatic cell differentiation - - - Drosophila - + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + CL:0000169 + GOC:dph + PMID:11076772 - + - fruit flies - + pancreatic B cell differentiation + GOC:mah - + - fruit fly - + pancreatic beta cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - NCBITaxon:2267365 - GC_ID:1 - fruit fly - ncbi_taxonomy - Sophophora melanogaster - NCBITaxon:7227 - Drosophila melanogaster + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. + dph + 2009-10-26T09:28:05Z + pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003310 + pancreatic A cell differentiation - - - fruit fly - + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. + GOC:dph + PMID:11076772 - - - Sophophora melanogaster - + + + pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - Pterygota - winged insects - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7496 - Pterygota <insects> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. + dph + 2009-10-26T09:30:27Z + pancreatic delta cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003311 + pancreatic D cell differentiation - - - Pterygota - + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. + GOC:dph + PMID:11076772 - + - winged insects - + pancreatic delta cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - chordates - ncbi_taxonomy - chordates - NCBITaxon:7711 - Chordata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. + dph + 2009-10-26T09:32:32Z + pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003312 + pancreatic PP cell differentiation - - - chordates - + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. + GOC:dph + PMID:11076772 - - - chordates - + + + pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - tunicates - ncbi_taxonomy - Urochordata - tunicates - NCBITaxon:7712 - Tunicata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. + dph + 2009-10-27T08:32:40Z + heart cone development + biological_process + GO:0003313 + heart rudiment development - - - tunicates - - - - - - Urochordata - + + + The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - tunicates - + + + heart cone development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - Vertebrata - vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - vertebrates - NCBITaxon:7742 - Vertebrata <vertebrates> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-10-27T08:38:04Z + heart cone morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0003314 + heart rudiment morphogenesis - - - Vertebrata - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - vertebrates - - - - - - vertebrates - + heart cone morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Myxinoidea - hagfishes - NCBITaxon:7761 - Myxiniformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment. + dph + 2009-10-27T08:43:37Z + heart cone formation + biological_process + GO:0003315 + heart rudiment formation - - - Myxinoidea - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - hagfishes - + + + heart cone formation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - hagfishes - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7762 - Myxinidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. + dph + 2009-11-02T08:13:55Z + pancreatic alpha cell development + biological_process + GO:0003322 + pancreatic A cell development - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. + GOC:dph + + + - hagfishes - + pancreatic alpha cell development + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - Gnathostomata - jawed vertebrates - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7776 - Gnathostomata <vertebrates> - - - - - Gnathostomata - - - - - - jawed vertebrates - - - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - cartilaginous fishes - fish - fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - cartilaginous fishes - NCBITaxon:7777 - Chondrichthyes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + dph + 2009-11-02T08:20:11Z + pancreatic B cell development + pancreatic beta cell development + biological_process + GO:0003323 + type B pancreatic cell development - - - cartilaginous fishes - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + CL:0000169 + GOC:dph - + - fish - + pancreatic B cell development + GOC:mah - + - fishes - - - - - - cartilaginous fishes - + pancreatic beta cell development + GOC:dph - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7863 - Holocephali - - - - - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - chimaeras - ncbi_taxonomy - chimaeras - NCBITaxon:7864 - Chimaeriformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. + dph + 2009-11-02T08:23:26Z + pancreatic delta cell development + biological_process + GO:0003324 + pancreatic D cell development - - - chimaeras - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. + GOC:dph - - - chimaeras - + + + pancreatic delta cell development + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - dipnoans - fish - fishes - lungfishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Choanichthyes - Dipneusti - Dipnoi - Osteichthyes - lungfishes - NCBITaxon:7878 - Dipnomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. + dph + 2009-11-02T08:25:03Z + biological_process + GO:0003325 + pancreatic PP cell development - - - dipnoans - - - - - - fish - - - - - - fishes - - - - - - lungfishes - - - - - - Choanichthyes - - - - - - Dipneusti - - - - - - Dipnoi - - - - - - Osteichthyes - - - - - - lungfishes - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - fish - fishes - ray-finned fishes - ncbi_taxonomy - Actinopterygi - Osteichthyes - bony fishes - NCBITaxon:7898 - Actinopterygii + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane. + dph + 2009-11-02T02:36:11Z + amino acid membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0003333 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + amino acid transmembrane transport - - - fish - - - - - - fishes - - - - - - ray-finned fishes - - - - - - Actinopterygi - - - - - - Osteichthyes - - - - - - bony fishes - + + + The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - sturgeons and paddlefish - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7899 - Acipenseriformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum. + dph + 2009-12-01T10:30:17Z + biological_process + GO:0003342 + proepicardium development - - - sturgeons and paddlefish - + + + The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum. + GOC:dph + PMID:18722343 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - sturgeons - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7900 - Acipenseridae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme. + dph + 2009-12-01T10:40:17Z + biological_process + GO:0003343 + septum transversum development - - - sturgeons - + + + The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme. + GOC:dph + PMID:18722343 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7901 - Acipenser + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized. + dph + 2009-12-01T10:46:34Z + biological_process + GO:0003344 + pericardium morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized. + GOC:dph + PMID:18722343 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - carps and others - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:7952 - Cypriniformes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell. + dph + 2009-12-01T11:12:05Z + biological_process + GO:0003348 + cardiac endothelial cell differentiation - - - carps and others - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell. + GOC:dph + PMID:18722343 - + - - - - NCBITaxon:46777 - NCBITaxon:487617 - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachydanio - Celestichthys - NCBITaxon:7954 - Danio + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline. + dph + 2009-12-03T10:34:30Z + norepinephrine secreting neuron differentiation + biological_process + GO:0003357 + noradrenergic neuron differentiation - - - Brachydanio - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline. + GOC:dph - - - Celestichthys - + + + norepinephrine secreting neuron differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - NCBITaxon:27702 - NCBITaxon:37966 - GC_ID:1 - leopard danio - zebra danio - zebra fish - zebrafish - ncbi_taxonomy - Brachydanio rerio - Brachydanio rerio frankei - Cyprinus rerio - Danio frankei - Danio rerio frankei - NCBITaxon:7955 - Danio rerio + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + dph + 2009-12-03T10:38:37Z + norepinephrine secreting neuron development + biological_process + GO:0003358 + noradrenergic neuron development - - - leopard danio - - - - - - zebra danio - - - - - - zebra fish - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dph - + - zebrafish - - - - - - Brachydanio rerio - - - - - - Brachydanio rerio frankei - - - - - - Cyprinus rerio - - - - - - Danio frankei - - - - - - Danio rerio frankei - + norepinephrine secreting neuron development + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8287 - Sarcopterygii + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord. + dph + 2009-12-03T10:47:20Z + biological_process + GO:0003360 + brainstem development + + + + The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord. + GOC:dph + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - amphibians - ncbi_taxonomy - amphibians - NCBITaxon:8292 - Amphibia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem. + dph + 2009-12-03T10:53:30Z + biological_process + GO:0003361 + noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development - - - amphibians - - - - - - amphibians - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem. + GOC:dph - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - anurans - frogs - frogs and toads - ncbi_taxonomy - Salientia - frogs & toads - NCBITaxon:8342 - Anura + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell. + + dph + 2009-12-08T04:50:41Z + biological_process + GO:0003365 + establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration - - - anurans - - - - - - frogs - - - - - - frogs and toads - - - - - - Salientia - - - - - - frogs & toads - + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:2385174 - pipid frogs - tongueless frogs - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8352 - Pipidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell. + dph + 2009-12-08T05:42:46Z + biological_process + GO:0003371 + establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration - - - pipid frogs - - - - - - tongueless frogs - + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:2385174 - Xenopus - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8353 - Xenopus <genus> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. + dph + 2009-12-09T06:54:44Z + biological_process + GO:0003379 + establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration - - - Xenopus - + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - African clawed frog - clawed frog - common platanna - platanna - ncbi_taxonomy - Bufo laevis - NCBITaxon:8355 - Xenopus laevis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. + dph + 2009-12-09T07:10:57Z + biological_process + GO:0003380 + establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation - - - African clawed frog - - - - - - clawed frog - - - - - - common platanna - - - - - - platanna - - - - - - Bufo laevis - + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:2385174 - ncbi_taxonomy - Siluraninae - NCBITaxon:8360 - Xenopodinae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation. + dph + 2009-12-09T07:18:53Z + biological_process + GO:0003381 + epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation - - - Siluraninae - + + + The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - sauropsids - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8457 - Sauropsida + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. + dph + 2009-12-09T07:21:06Z + biological_process + GO:0003382 + epithelial cell morphogenesis - - - sauropsids - + + + The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8492 - Archosauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. + dph + 2009-12-21T01:42:37Z + biological_process + GO:0003403 + optic vesicle formation + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - PMID:22982760 - lepidosaurs - ncbi_taxonomy - Reptilia - lizards & snakes - reptiles - NCBITaxon:8504 - Lepidosauria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. + dph + 2009-12-21T01:54:34Z + biological_process + GO:0003404 + optic vesicle morphogenesis - - - lepidosaurs - - - - - - Reptilia - - - - - - lizards & snakes - - - - - - reptiles - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - beaked reptiles - rhynchocephalians - ncbi_taxonomy - Rhynchocephalia - Rhynchosauria - NCBITaxon:8505 - Sphenodontia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + dph + 2009-12-21T02:15:14Z + biological_process + GO:0003407 + neural retina development - - - beaked reptiles - - - - - - rhynchocephalians - - - - - - Rhynchocephalia - - - - - - Rhynchosauria - + + + The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8506 - Sphenodontidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye. + dph + 2009-12-21T03:04:27Z + biological_process + GO:0003411 + cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis + + + + Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8507 - Sphenodon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + dph + 2009-12-22T08:39:58Z + biological_process + GO:0003413 + chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis + + + + The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:85512 - Dicondylia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-12-22T08:42:55Z + biological_process + GO:0003414 + chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - birds - ncbi_taxonomy - avian - birds - NCBITaxon:8782 - Aves + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. + dph + 2009-12-22T08:52:55Z + biological_process + GO:0003416 + endochondral bone growth - - - birds - - - - - - avian - - - - - - birds - + + + The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8783 - Palaeognathae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone. + dph + 2009-12-22T12:42:44Z + biological_process + GO:0003433 + chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis + + + + The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ostriches - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8798 - Struthioniformes + + + + + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. + GO:0005554 + molecular function + molecular_function + GO:0003674 + + + + + + + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. + molecular_function - - - ostriches - + + + A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. + GOC:pdt - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8799 - Struthionidae + + + Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. + Wikipedia:Enzyme + enzyme activity + molecular_function + GO:0003824 + + + + + + + + catalytic activity + + + + Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. + GOC:vw + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + enzyme activity + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8800 - Struthio + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + molecular_function + GO:0004518 + + + + + Note that 'tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity ; GO:0009022', also known as 'ribonuclease PH', and 'DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity ; GO:0003906' do not have parentage in the 'nuclease activity' branch of the ontology because both GO and the Enzyme Commission define nuclease activity as a type of hydrolysis. + nuclease activity + + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + ISBN:0198547684 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - African ostrich - ostrich - ncbi_taxonomy - Struthio camelus domesticus - NCBITaxon:8801 - Struthio camelus + + + + + + + + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + GO:0004537 + Reactome:R-HSA-211247 + Reactome:R-HSA-5685994 + Reactome:R-HSA-6785986 + deoxyribonuclease activity + caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease activity + molecular_function + GO:0004536 + DNA nuclease activity - - - African ostrich - + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198547684 - - - ostrich - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-211247 + Cleavage of DNA by DFF40 - - - Struthio camelus domesticus - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5685994 + Long-range resection of DNA DSBs by EXO1 or DNA2 - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8825 - Neognathae - - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:88770 - Panarthropoda - - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - pigeons and others - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8929 - Columbiformes - - - - pigeons and others - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6785986 + DNA nucleases unhook the interstrand crosslink (ICL) - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - pigeons - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:8930 - Columbidae + + + Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + GO:0005478 + Reactome:R-HSA-168313 + Reactome:R-HSA-178215 + molecular_function + carrier + GO:0005215 + + + + + + + + + + + + Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules. + transporter activity - - - pigeons - + + + Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + GOC:ai + GOC:dgf - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - Craniata - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:89593 - Craniata <chordates> - - - - Craniata - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-168313 + Virion-associated M2 protein mediated ion infusion + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-178215 + SMAD7:SMURF1 complex is exported to the cytosol - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:9254 - Prototheria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group. + GO:0005279 + amine/amide/polyamine channel activity + amine/polyamine transmembrane transporter activity + amino acid-polyamine transmembrane transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0005275 + amine transmembrane transporter activity + + + + Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group. + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0198506732 + ISBN:0815340729 + - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - egg-laying mammals - ncbi_taxonomy - monotremes - NCBITaxon:9255 - Monotremata + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. + Reactome:R-HSA-264615 + molecular_function + GO:0005277 + acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity - - - egg-laying mammals - + + + Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. + GOC:ai - - - monotremes - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-264615 + Loading of acetylcholine in synaptic vesicles - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - echidnas - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:9259 - Tachyglossidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups. + GO:0005312 + GO:0015365 + Reactome:R-HSA-1614546 + Reactome:R-HSA-372843 + dicarboxylate carrier + sodium:dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate symporter activity + molecular_function + dicarboxylate (succinate/fumarate/malate) antiporter activity + dicarboxylic acid permease activity + GO:0005310 + dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity - - - echidnas - + + + Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups. + GOC:ai + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1614546 + Sulfate is exported to the cytosol in exchange for dicarboxylate + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-372843 + SLC25A10 mediates exchange of malate and phosphate - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - eutherian mammals - placental mammals - placentals - ncbi_taxonomy - Placentalia - placentals - NCBITaxon:9347 - Eutheria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + Reactome:R-HSA-1369028 + Reactome:R-HSA-1369052 + Reactome:R-HSA-174786 + Reactome:R-HSA-5682285 + Reactome:R-HSA-5682311 + Reactome:R-HSA-5683672 + Reactome:R-HSA-5683714 + Reactome:R-HSA-5688397 + Reactome:R-HSA-6801250 + Reactome:R-HSA-8848053 + Reactome:R-HSA-8866329 + lipophorin + molecular_function + apolipoprotein + GO:0005319 + lipid transporter activity + + + + - - - eutherian mammals - + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - placental mammals - + + + Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + GOC:ai - - - placentals - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1369028 + ABCAs mediate lipid efflux - - - Placentalia - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1369052 + ABCAs mediate lipid influx - - - placentals - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-174786 + ApoB-48 + 40 triacylglycerol + 60 phospholipid => ApoB-48:TG:PL complex - - - - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - primate - ncbi_taxonomy - Primata - primates - NCBITaxon:9443 - Primates - - - - primate - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5682285 + ABCA12 transports lipids from cytosol to extracellular region - - - Primata - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5682311 + Defective ABCA12 does not transport lipids from cytosol to extracellular region - - - primates - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5683672 + Defective ABCA3 does not transport PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5683714 + ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5688397 + Defective ABCA3 does not transport PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6801250 + TRIAP1:PRELID1, PRELID3A transports PA from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8848053 + ABCA5 transports CHOL from lysosomal lumen to cytosol + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8866329 + MTTP lipidates APOB-100, forming a pre-VLDL - - - - - - GC_ID:1 - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:9526 - Catarrhini - - - - - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - great apes - ncbi_taxonomy - Pongidae - NCBITaxon:9604 - Hominidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. + Reactome:R-HSA-374896 + Reactome:R-HSA-374919 + molecular_function + neurotransmitter transporter activity + GO:0005326 + neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - great apes - + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - Pongidae - + + + Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-374896 + Uptake of Noradrenaline + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-374919 + Noradrenaline clearance from the synaptic cleft - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - humans - ncbi_taxonomy - NCBITaxon:9605 - Homo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + molecular_function + GO:0005342 + organic acid transmembrane transporter activity - - - humans - + + + Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - human - ncbi_taxonomy - h - human - NCBITaxon:9606 - Homo sapiens + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:0015579 + Reactome:R-HSA-499981 + Reactome:R-HSA-5653873 + glucose permease activity + lactose/glucose efflux transporter activity + molecular_function + galactose/glucose (methylgalactoside) porter activity + GO:0005355 + glucose transmembrane transporter activity - - - human - + + + Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - h - PRO:DAN - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-499981 + Transport of Extracellular Glucose to the Cytosol by GLUT1 and GLUT2 - - - human - PRO:DAN - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5653873 + SLC2A1 tetramer transports Glc from cytosol to Golgi lumen - + - - - - GC_ID:1 - rodent - ncbi_taxonomy - rodents - NCBITaxon:9989 - Rodentia + + + + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729 + GO:0008372 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 + cell or subcellular entity + cellular component + cellular_component + subcellular entity + GO:0005575 + + + + + + + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + cellular_component - - - rodent - - - - - - rodent - + + + A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). + GOC:pdt - + - rodents - + subcellular entity + NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 - + - - - planned process + + + The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. + Wikipedia:Extracellular + extracellular + cellular_component + GO:0005576 + + + + + + + + + + + + Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. + extracellular region + + + + The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. + GOC:go_curators + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - obi - OBI:0100026 - Category=external. - organism - organism + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. + fibrinogen + fibrinogen alpha chain + fibrinogen beta chain + fibrinogen gamma chain + cellular_component + GO:0005577 + fibrinogen complex + + + + A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. + ISBN:0198547684 + - + - - - A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities - quality (PATO) - PATO:0000072 - quality - PATO:0000001 - quality + + + + + A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. + Wikipedia:Collagen + cellular_component + GO:0005581 + collagen trimer + + + + + + + + - + + + + PMID:12382326 + + + + + + PMID:12382326 + + + - A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities - PATOC:GVG + A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah + ISBN:0721639976 + PMID:19693541 + PMID:21421911 - + - - - composition + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. + cellular_component + GO:0005583 + fibrillar collagen trimer + + + + Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0721639976 + PMID:21421911 + - + - - - A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. - quality - PATO:0000051 - - morphology + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. + Wikipedia:Collagen_type_IV + cellular_component + GO:0005587 + collagen type IV trimer - + - A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. - PATOC:GVG + A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. + ISBN:0721639976 + PMID:19693541 + PMID:21421911 - + - - - A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). - PATO:0001647 - relational shape quality - quality - PATO:0000052 - - Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. - shape + + + A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. + GO:0005605 + GO:0008003 + Wikipedia:Basement_membrane + cellular_component + basal lamina + basement lamina + lamina densa + GO:0005604 + Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane ; GO:0016020' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. + basement membrane - + - A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). - PATOC:GVG + A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. + ISBN:0198547684 + PMID:22505934 - + - - - closure + + + + + + + + + That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079 + cellular_component + intercellular space + GO:0005615 + + + + + Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term. + extracellular space + + + + That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. + ISBN:0198547684 + - + - - - structure + + + + + + + + + A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776 + Wikipedia:Intracellular + internal to cell + intracellular + protoplasm + cellular_component + nucleocytoplasm + protoplast + GO:0005622 + + + + + intracellular anatomical structure + + + + A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + nucleocytoplasm + GOC:mah + + + + + protoplast + GOC:mah + - + - - - texture + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 + Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus + cell nucleus + horsetail nucleus + cellular_component + GO:0005634 + + + + + + + + + + + + nucleus + + + + A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + horsetail nucleus + GOC:al + GOC:mah + GOC:vw + PMID:15030757 + - + - - - maturity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). + GO:0005636 + Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope + cellular_component + GO:0005635 + + + + nuclear envelope + + + + The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). + ISBN:0198547684 + - + - - - branched - - - - - - - - - flat - - - - - - - - - closed - - - - - - - - - opacity - - - - - - - - - opaque - - - - - - - - - transparent - - - - - - - - - viscosity - - - - - - - - - viscous - - - - - - - - - A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. - PATO:0002079 - Wikipedia:Physical_property - relational physical quality - quality - PATO:0001018 - - physical quality + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1617136075 + nucleus outer envelope + perinuclear membrane + cellular_component + GO:0005640 + nuclear outer membrane - + - A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. - PATOC:GVG + The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes. + ISBN:0198547684 - - - - - elasticity - - - - - - - - - elastic - - - - - - - - - larval - - - - - - - - - process quality - - - - - + - - - - A quality which inheres in a continuant. - PATO:0001237 - PATO:0001238 - snap:Quality - monadic quality of a continuant - multiply inhering quality of a physical entity - quality of a continuant - quality of a single physical entity - quality of an object - quality of continuant - monadic quality of an object - monadic quality of continuant - quality - PATO:0001241 - Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. - physical object quality + + + + + + + + + A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. + Wikipedia:Chromosome + interphase chromosome + prophase chromosome + cellular_component + chromatid + GO:0005694 + + + + + + + + + + + Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. + chromosome - + - A quality which inheres in a continuant. - PATOC:GVG + A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. + ISBN:0198547684 - - - - - electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality - - - - - - - - - optical quality - - - - - - - - - quality of a solid - - - - - - - - - quality of a gas - - + - - - - - - A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. - liquidity - quality - PATO:0001548 - - quality of a liquid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233 + Wikipedia:Nucleolus + cellular_component + GO:0005730 + + + + + + + + nucleolus - + - A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. - url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php + A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. + ISBN:0198506732 - - - - - contractility - - - - - - - - - curvature - - - - - - - - - contractile - - - - - - - - - liquid configuration - - - - - - - - - solid configuration - - - - - - - - - radiation quality - - - - - - - - - invaginated - - - - - - - - - concave - - - - - - - - - cylindrical - - - - - - - - - saccular - - - - - - - - - cellularity - - - - - - - - - multicellular - - - - - - - - - organismal quality - - - - - - - - - concavity - - - - - - - - - convex 3-D shape - - - - - - - - - branchiness - - - - - - - - - structure, cavities - - - - - - - - - dendritic - - - - - - - - - physical quality of a process - - - - - - - - - hollow - - - - - - - - - laminar - - - - - + - - - A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. - George Gkoutos - 2010-03-15T04:35:27Z - quality - PATO:0002198 - - quality of a substance + + + + + + + + + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023 + Wikipedia:Cytoplasm + cellular_component + GO:0005737 + + + + + + + + cytoplasm - + - A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. - PATOC:GVG + The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + ISBN:0198547684 - - - - - flattened - - - - - - - - - grooved - - - - - - - - - 3-D shape - - - - - - - - - - tubular - - - - - - - - - acinar - - - - - - - - - collagenous - - - - - + - - - distensible + + + + + + + + + A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. + Wikipedia:Vacuole + cellular_component + vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y + GO:0005773 + + + + + + + + + + + vacuole + + + + A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. + GOC:mtg_sensu + ISBN:0198506732 + - + - - - distensibility + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. + cellular_component + GO:0005774 + vacuolar membrane + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. + GOC:ai + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0005775 + vacuolar lumen + + + + + The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. - natural protein - native protein - protein - PR:000000001 - The definition above excludes protein complexes, which some also consider a protein. Those who wish to refer to a class representing both senses of the word are directed to CHEBI:36080. Note that the definition allows for experimentally-manipulated genes, and allows for artifically-produced derivatives that mimic those found naturally. Proteins (in the sense defined here) that descended from a common ancestor can be classified into families and superfamilies composed of products of evolutionarily-related genes. The domain architecture of a protein is described by the order of its constituent domains. Proteins with the same domains in the same order are defined as homeomorphic [PRO:WCB]. - protein + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. + Golgi + NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436 + Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus + Golgi complex + Golgi ribbon + cellular_component + GO:0005794 + + + + + + + + + + Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon. + Golgi apparatus - + - An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. - PRO:DAN - PRO:WCB + A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell. + NIF_Subcellular:sao819927218 + cellular_component + Golgi vesicle + vesicular component + GO:0005798 + Note that this definition includes vesicles that are transiently associated with the Golgi. + Golgi-associated vesicle + - - - natural protein - PRO:DAN + + + Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell. + GOC:mah - - - native protein - IEDB:BP + + + vesicular component + NIF_Subcellular:sao138219748 - + - - - - A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. - FGF-8 - FGF8 - androgen-induced growth factor - protein - AIGF - HBGF-8 - heparin-binding growth factor 8 - PR:000007499 - Category=gene. - fibroblast growth factor 8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. + GO:0033279 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766 + Wikipedia:Ribosome + free ribosome + membrane bound ribosome + cellular_component + ribosomal RNA + GO:0005840 + + + + + + + + + ribosome - + - A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. - PRO:DNx + An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. + ISBN:0198506732 - - - FGF8 - PRO:DNx - + + + free ribosome + NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046 - - - AIGF - + + + membrane bound ribosome + NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653 - + - - - - A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. - HHG-1 - SHH - Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains - ShhNC - protein - Hhg1 - PR:000014841 - Category=gene. - sonic hedgehog protein + + + A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. + Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton + cellular_component + GO:0005856 + + + + + + + + + + + + cytoskeleton - + - A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. - PRO:DNx - - - - - SHH - PRO:DNx - - - - - - Hhg1 - + A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. + GOC:mah + PMID:16959967 + PMID:27419875 - + - - + + - - + + - An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. - peptide - polypeptide - protein - PR:000018263 - Category=external. - amino acid chain + + + + + + + Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1846835077 + Wikipedia:Microtubule + microtubuli + microtubulus + neurotubule + cellular_component + GO:0005874 + + microtubule - + - An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. - PRO:DAN - PRO:JSG - - - - - peptide - PRO:DAN + Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. + ISBN:0879693568 - + - polypeptide - PRO:DAN + neurotubule + NIF_Subcellular:sao248349196 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. - human protein - protein - PR:000029067 - Homo sapiens protein + A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules. + cellular_component + GO:0005879 + axonemal microtubule - + - A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. - PRO:DAN - - - - - human protein - PRO:DAN - + A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules. + GOC:cilia + ISBN:0815316194 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. - Eukaryota protein - protein - PR:000036194 - eukaryotic protein + Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. + cellular_component + GO:0005880 + nuclear microtubule - + - A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. - PRO:DAN - - - - - Eukaryota protein - PRO:DAN + Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. + non-spindle-associated astral microtubule + cellular_component + GO:0005881 + cytoplasmic microtubule + + + + + Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + - - + + - A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. - HBGF-8 (human) - heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) - UniProtKB:P55075 - FGF-8 (human) - androgen-induced growth factor (human) - hFGF8 - protein - AIGF - FGF8 - PR:P55075 - Category=organism-gene. - fibroblast growth factor 8 (human) + + + + + + + A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. + FMA:63850 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1588493326 + Wikipedia:Actin + microfilament + cellular_component + GO:0005884 + actin filament - + - A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. - PRO:DNx - UniProtKB:P55075 - - - - - HBGF-8 (human) - UniProtKB:P55075 - - - - - heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) - UniProtKB:P55075 - - - - - FGF-8 (human) - UniProtKB:P55075 + A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + PMID:10666339 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. + GO:0005887 + GO:0005904 + juxtamembrane + NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 + Wikipedia:Cell_membrane + cell membrane + cellular membrane + cytoplasmic membrane + plasmalemma + bacterial inner membrane + inner endospore membrane + integral component of plasma membrane + integral to plasma membrane + plasma membrane lipid bilayer + cellular_component + GO:0005886 + + + + + + + + + + + plasma membrane + - - - androgen-induced growth factor (human) - UniProtKB:P55075 + + + The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. + ISBN:0716731363 - + - hFGF8 - PRO:DNx - - - - - - AIGF - UniProtKB:P55075 - + cellular membrane + NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 - - - FGF8 - UniProtKB:P55075 - + + + plasma membrane lipid bilayer + GOC:mah - + - - + + + - - + - - + + - + - - - + - - + + - - + + - A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. - UniProtKB:Q15465 - HHG-1 (human) - Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) - ShhNC (human) - hSHH - protein - SHH - PR:Q15465 - Category=organism-gene. - sonic hedgehog protein (human) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. + + NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 + Wikipedia:Microvillus + cellular_component + microvilli + GO:0005902 + + Note that this term refers to a projection from a single cell, and should not be confused with 'microvillus' as used to refer to a multicellular structure such as that found in the placenta. + microvillus - + - A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. - PRO:DNx - UniProtKB:Q15465 - - - - - HHG-1 (human) - UniProtKB:Q15465 - - - - - Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) - UniProtKB:Q15465 - - - - - ShhNC (human) - UniProtKB:Q15465 - - - - - hSHH - PRO:DNx - + Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. + ISBN:0815316194 - + - SHH - UniProtKB:Q15465 - + microvilli + NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 - - - - - system - - - - - - - - - protein-coding - sequence - SO:0000010 - Category=external. - protein_coding - - - - - + - - A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. - sequence - SO:0000704 - gene + + + A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22122 + cell-cell contact region + cell-cell contact zone + NIF_Subcellular:sao1922892319 + intercellular junction + cellular_component + GO:0005911 + cell-cell junction - + - A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. - SO:immuno_workshop + A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GOC:dgh + GOC:hb + GOC:mah + PMID:21422226 + PMID:28096264 + + + + + intercellular junction + NIF_Subcellular:sao1395777368 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - protein coding gene - sequence - SO:0001217 - protein_coding_gene - - - - - - - - - - An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. - uberon - UBERON:0000000 - - processual entity - - - - - An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. - span:ProcessualEntity - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. - - Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] - Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] - A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) - - - - AAO:0010406 - BTO:0000991 - CALOHA:TS-0741 - EFO:0000856 - EMAPA:32927 - EV:0100130 - FMA:16016 - GAID:324 - MA:0000127 - MAT:0000076 - MESH:D007515 - MIAA:0000076 - NCIT:C12608 - UMLS:C0022131 - VHOG:0000646 - XAO:0000159 - pancreatic insula - pancreatic islet - uberon - island of Langerhans - island of pancreas - islets of Langerhans - UBERON:0000006 - - - - - islet of Langerhans - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png - - - - - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. + + + + + + + GO:0072372 + FMA:67181 + NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553 + Wikipedia:Cilium + eukaryotic flagellum + microtubule-based flagellum + primary cilium + cellular_component + flagellum + GO:0005929 + + + + + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms. + cilium + - + - The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. - MA:0000127 - MESH:A03.734.414 - MP:0005215 - - - - - Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010406 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000646 - VHOG - - PMID:7600975 Slack JMW, Developmental biology of the pancreas. Development (1995) - - - - - A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) - - - - - - UMLS:C0022131 - ncithesaurus:Islet_of_Langerhans - - - - - island of Langerhans - BTO:0000991 - - - - - island of pancreas - BTO:0000991 + A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. + GOC:cilia + GOC:curators + GOC:kmv + GOC:vw + ISBN:0198547684 + PMID:16824949 + PMID:17009929 + PMID:20144998 - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. - submucosal - - - - BTO:0002107 - FMA:85391 - FMA:85392 - NCIT:C13167 - UMLS:C0225344 - organ submucosa - region of submucosa - submucosa of organ - submucosa of region of organ - uberon - submucous layer - tela submucosa - tunica submucosa - UBERON:0000009 - - - submucosa - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + + + + + + + The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. + GO:0035085 + GO:0035086 + Wikipedia:Axoneme + ciliary axoneme + cilium axoneme + flagellar axoneme + flagellum axoneme + cellular_component + GO:0005930 + + Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. In diplomonad species, such as Giardia, the axoneme may extend intracellularly up to 5um away from the plane of the plasma membrane. + axoneme - + - A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0225344 - ncithesaurus:Submucosa - - - - - organ submucosa - FMA:85391 - - - - - region of submucosa - FMA:85392 - - - - - submucosa of organ - FMA:85391 - - - - - submucosa of region of organ - FMA:85392 - - - - - submucous layer - BTO:0002107 - - - - - tela submucosa - BTO:0002107 + The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. + GOC:bf + GOC:cilia + ISBN:0198547684 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. - - Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] - The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) - (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] - PNS - - - - - AAO:0000429 - BAMS:PNS - BILA:0000081 - BIRNLEX:1111 - BTO:0001028 - CALOHA:TS-0808 - EFO:0000891 - EHDAA2:0001445 - EHDAA:2893 - EMAPA:16665 - EV:0100335 - FBbt:00005098 - FMA:9903 - GAID:715 - MA:0000218 - MAT:0000338 - MESH:D017933 - MIAA:0000338 - NCIT:C12465 - TAO:0000142 - UMLS:C0206417 - UMLS:C1305921 - VHOG:0000399 - XAO:0000178 - ZFA:0000142 - neuronames:3232 - pars peripherica - systema nervosum periphericum - uberon - UBERON:0000010 - - - - - - - peripheral nervous system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png + The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26298 + Wikipedia:Cell_cortex + ectoplasm + cellular_component + cell periphery + peripheral cytoplasm + GO:0005938 + + + cell cortex - - - - cjm - - - + - A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. - GO:0007422 - - - - - Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000142 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000429 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) - - - - - - (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000399 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_6 Dupin E, Creuzet S, Le Douarin NM, The contribution of the neural crest to the vertebrate body. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2006) - - - - - PNS - - - - - - UMLS:C0206417 - BIRNLEX:1111 - - - - - UMLS:C0206417 - ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System - - - - - UMLS:C1305921 - BIRNLEX:1111 - - - - - pars peripherica - - FMA:9903 - FMA:TA - - - - - - systema nervosum periphericum - - FMA:9903 - FMA:TA - + The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880 + jl + 2012-10-23T15:40:34Z + GO:0044261 + GO:0044723 + Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism + carbohydrate metabolism + biological_process + GO:0005975 + + + + + + + + + + + + carbohydrate metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. - Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO] - The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG] - has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest) - - - - - AAO:0010487 - BIRNLEX:2516 - BTO:0001832 - CALOHA:TS-2050 - EFO:0000893 - EHDAA2:0001971 - EHDAA:3769 - EMAPA:16985 - FMA:9906 - GAID:710 - MA:0000225 - MESH:D013564 - MIAA:0000100 - NCIT:C12795 - TAO:0001576 - UMLS:C0039044 - UMLS:C1269646 - VHOG:0000384 - ZFA:0001576 - pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi - sympathetic nervous system - sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system - uberon - pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi - UBERON:0000013 - - - - - sympathetic nervous system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + GO:0044263 + polysaccharide metabolism + glycan metabolic process + glycan metabolism + multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0005976 + + polysaccharide metabolic process - - - - cjm + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + ISBN:0198547684 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - MA - ZFA-modified-from-isa - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. + glycogen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0005977 + glycogen metabolic process + - + - The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. - GO:0048485 - - - - - Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010487 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000384 - VHOG - - - - - - The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000384 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.461-463 - - - - - UMLS:C0039044 - BIRNLEX:2516 - - - - - UMLS:C0039044 - ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Nervous_System - - - - - UMLS:C1269646 - BIRNLEX:2516 - - - - - pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi - FMA:9906 - FMA:TA - - - - - - pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi - - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. + MetaCyc:GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY + glycogen anabolism + glycogen biosynthesis + glycogen formation + glycogen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0005978 + glycogen biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + regulation of glycogen anabolism + regulation of glycogen biosynthesis + regulation of glycogen formation + regulation of glycogen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0005979 + regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. - Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee - (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] - we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive - - - EHDAA2:0001844 - EHDAA:6530 - EMAPA:17525 - EV:0100152 - FMA:86166 - GAID:933 - MA:0000151 - MAT:0000284 - MESH:D012867 - MIAA:0000284 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0000860 - portion of skin - region of skin - skin - skin region - skin zone - uberon - UBERON:0000014 - - zone of skin - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/HumanSkinDiagram.jpg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. + MetaCyc:GLYCOCAT-PWY + glycogen breakdown + glycogen catabolism + glycogen degradation + glycogenolysis + biological_process + GO:0005980 + glycogen catabolic process - - - - FMA - - - + - Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. - - - - - - - (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000860 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - skin - MA:0000151 + glycogenolysis + GOC:sl - + - - - A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. - AEO:0000192 - CARO:0000010 - FMA:50705 - anatomical boundary - uberon - UBERON:0000015 - - Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. - non-material anatomical boundary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + regulation of glycogen breakdown + regulation of glycogen catabolism + regulation of glycogen degradation + regulation of glycogenolysis + biological_process + GO:0005981 + regulation of glycogen catabolic process - - - - CARO - - - + - A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. - CARO:0000010 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators - + - anatomical boundary - CARO:0000010 + regulation of glycogenolysis + GOC:sl - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. + monosaccharide metabolism + biological_process + GO:0005996 + monosaccharide metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. + cellular glucose metabolic process + glucose metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006006 + glucose metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + cellular glucose metabolic process + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + glucose breakdown + glucose catabolism + glucose degradation + biological_process + GO:0006007 + glucose catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + aminoglycan metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006022 + aminoglycan metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + aminoglycan anabolism + aminoglycan biosynthesis + aminoglycan formation + aminoglycan synthesis + biological_process + GO:0006023 + aminoglycan biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + glycosaminoglycan anabolism + glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis + glycosaminoglycan formation + glycosaminoglycan synthesis + biological_process + GO:0006024 + glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + ISBN:0192800981 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. - create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? - - The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] - The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys - - - BTO:0000650 - CALOHA:TS-1302 - EFO:0002542 - EMAPA:35305 - EV:0100129 - FMA:16018 - MA:0001582 - NCIT:C32509 - TAO:0001260 - VHOG:0000049 - ZFA:0001260 - endocrine pancreas - pars endocrina pancreatis - uberon - endocrine part of pancreas - islets of Langerhans part of pancreas - UBERON:0000016 - - - - - - - endocrine pancreas + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + aminoglycan breakdown + aminoglycan catabolism + aminoglycan degradation + biological_process + GO:0006026 + aminoglycan catabolic process - - - - ZFA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - AAO - FMA - XAO - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + glycosaminoglycan breakdown + glycosaminoglycan catabolism + glycosaminoglycan degradation + biological_process + GO:0006027 + glycosaminoglycan catabolic process + - - - - - - - - - GO + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + ISBN:0192800981 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - GO - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + organic acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006082 + + organic acid metabolic process + - - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - GO - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + acetate metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006083 + acetate metabolic process + - + - The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. - - GO:GO - - - - - The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000049 - VHOG - - - - - - - The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001260 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000049 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. + energy pathways + biological_process + intermediary metabolism + metabolic energy generation + GO:0006091 + + + + + + + + + + + generation of precursor metabolites and energy + - - - endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. + GOC:jl - + - endocrine part of pancreas - BTO:0000650 + intermediary metabolism + GOC:mah - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. + MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY + Wikipedia:Gluconeogenesis + glucose biosynthesis + glucose biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0006094 + gluconeogenesis + + + + + The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. + MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. + regulation of carbohydrate metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006109 + regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. + tb + 2013-01-18T12:47:43Z + GO:0090526 + regulation of glucose biosynthesis + regulation of glucose biosynthetic process + biological_process + regulation of gluconeogenesis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis + GO:0006111 + regulation of gluconeogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. + energy reserve metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006112 + + energy reserve metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GO:0055134 + cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism + biological_process + nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GO:0006139 + + + nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process + + + + + Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:ai + + + + + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. + GO:0055132 + DNA metabolism + cellular DNA metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006259 + + + + + + + + DNA metabolic process + + + + + Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. - - The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] - The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010407 - BTO:0000434 - CALOHA:TS-1241 - EMAPA:35328 - EV:0100093 - FMA:16017 - MA:0002415 - MESH:D046790 - NCIT:C32546 - TAO:0001249 - UMLS:C0553695 - VHOG:0000048 - XAO:0000137 - ZFA:0001249 - exocrine pancreas - pars exocrina pancreatis - uberon - exocrine component of pancreas - exocrine part of pancreas - UBERON:0000017 - - - - - - exocrine pancreas + The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. + DNA breakdown + DNA catabolism + DNA degradation + biological_process + GO:0006308 + DNA catabolic process - + - The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. - - GOC:GO - - - - - The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001249 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000048 - VHOG - - + The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24396 + GO:0008178 + DNA fragmentation + chromatinolysis + DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + DNA catabolism during apoptosis + DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0006309 + DNA fragmentation in response to apoptotic signals is achieved through the activity of apoptotic nucleases. In human, these include DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) or caspase-activated DNase (CAD) and endonuclease G (Endo G) (reviewed in PMID:15723341). Caution is needed when apoptotic DNA laddering assays show presence of fragmented DNA. A positive assay may simply reflect the end point of a whole apoptotic process. Unless clear experimental evidence is available to show that a gene product is directly involved in fragmenting DNA, please do not annotate to GO:0006309 'apoptotic DNA fragmentation' and consider annotating instead to a more upstream process such as, e.g., GO:0042981 'regulation of apoptotic process', GO:0006915 'apoptotic process', GO:0097190 'apoptotic signaling pathway'. Also, note that gene products involved in compartmentalization of apoptotic nucleases and in activation or repression of their enzymatic activity should be annotated to the regulation term GO:1902510 'regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation' or to one of its children (see PMID:15723341). + apoptotic DNA fragmentation + - - - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000048 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + + + The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + ISBN:0721639976 + PMID:15723341 + PMID:23379520 - - - UMLS:C0553695 - ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Pancreas + + + chromatinolysis + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - - - exocrine part of pancreas - BTO:0000434 + + + DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:cjm + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. - The term compound eye is sometimes used for the multi-unit eyes of annelids, bivalves, echinoderms. We follow Richter et al and restrict this class to the arthropod structure for these structures - - BTO:0001921 - FBbt:00004508 - HAO:0000217 - TGMA:0000024 - uberon - Facettenauge - Komplexauge - adult compound eye - faceted eye - insect eye - zusammengesetztes Auge - UBERON:0000018 - - - compound eye - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/457 + The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22130 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23549 + GO:0006333 + GO:0006336 + GO:0016568 + GO:0031497 + GO:0034724 + chromatin maintenance + chromatin organisation + establishment of chromatin architecture + establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly + DNA replication-independent chromatin organization + DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation + DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly + chromatin assembly + transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly + biological_process + chromatin assembly or disassembly + chromatin assembly/disassembly + chromatin modification + GO:0006325 + + + + chromatin organization - - - - - - - - - + + + The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA. + PMID:20404130 - - - A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. - - FB:gg + + + chromatin organisation + GOC:mah - - - The term compound eye is sometimes used for the multi-unit eyes of annelids, bivalves, echinoderms. We follow Richter et al and restrict this class to the arthropod structure for these structures - + + + establishment of chromatin architecture + GOC:mah - - - Facettenauge - BTO:0001921 + + + establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. + RNA breakdown + RNA catabolism + RNA degradation + biological_process + GO:0006401 + + RNA catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + RNA localisation + establishment and maintenance of RNA localization + biological_process + GO:0006403 + + RNA localization + - - - Komplexauge - BTO:0001921 + + + A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - - - zusammengesetztes Auge - BTO:0001921 + + + RNA localisation + GOC:mah - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. + GO:0006416 + GO:0006453 + GO:0043037 + Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) + protein anabolism + protein biosynthesis + protein biosynthetic process + protein formation + protein synthesis + protein translation + biological_process + GO:0006412 + + + + + + + + translation + + + + + The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. - A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this - eye - - - - AAO:0010340 - BIRNLEX:1169 - BTO:0004688 - EHDAA2:0000484 - EHDAA:936 - EMAPA:16198 - FMA:54448 - MA:0000261 - NCIT:C12401 - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000107 - UMLS:C0015392 - UMLS:C1280202 - VHOG:0000275 - XAO:0000179 - ZFA:0000107 - regio orbitalis - vertebrate eye - uberon - camera-type eye plus associated structures - eyes - orbital part of face - orbital region - UBERON:0000019 - - - - camera-type eye + The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. + GO:0006440 + GO:0006454 + biopolymerisation + biopolymerization + protein synthesis initiation + translation initiation + biological_process + GO:0006413 + + translational initiation - - - - - - - - - definitional + + + The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. + ISBN:019879276X - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. + GO:0006442 + GO:0006455 + protein synthesis elongation + translation elongation + biological_process + GO:0006414 + + translational elongation + - + - An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. - - GO:0043010 - - - - - A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000107 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000275 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) - - - - - FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this - FMA - - - - - eye - FMA:54448 - - - - - UMLS:C0015392 - BIRNLEX:1169 - - - - - UMLS:C0015392 - ncithesaurus:Eye - - - - - UMLS:C1280202 - BIRNLEX:1169 - - - - - regio orbitalis - FMA:54448 - FMA:TA - - - - - - eyes - TAO:0000107 - - - - - - orbital part of face - FMA:54448 + The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. + GOC:ems + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). + GO:0006443 + GO:0006456 + protein synthesis termination + translation termination + translational complex disassembly + biological_process + GO:0006415 + translational termination + - - - orbital region - FMA:54448 + + + The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). + GOC:hjd + ISBN:019879276X - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. - - - - AEO:0000094 - BSA:0000121 - BTO:0000202 - CALOHA:TS-2043 - EHDAA2:0001824 - EHDAA:500 - EMAPA:35955 - FBbt:00005155 - GAID:63 - HAO:0000930 - MA:0000017 - MESH:D012679 - NCIT:C33224 - UMLS:C0935626 - VHOG:0001407 - WBbt:0006929 - organ of sense organ system - organ of sensory organ system - organ of sensory system - sense organ system organ - sensory organ - sensory organ system organ - sensory system organ - sensillum - uberon - Sinnesorgan - sensor - UBERON:0000020 - - sense organ - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GO:0006445 + regulation of protein anabolism + regulation of protein biosynthesis + regulation of protein formation + regulation of protein synthesis + biological_process + GO:0006417 + + regulation of translation - + - An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0935626 - ncithesaurus:Organ_of_the_Special_Sense - - - - - organ of sense organ system - OBOL:accepted - - - - - organ of sensory organ system - OBOL:accepted - - - - - organ of sensory system - OBOL:accepted - - - - - sense organ system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sensory organ system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sensory system organ - OBOL:accepted - - - - - sensillum - WBbt:0006929 - - - - - Sinnesorgan - BTO:0000202 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. - not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) - tubular - galen:Tube - anatomical tube - duct - uberon - UBERON:0000025 - tube + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + biological_process + GO:0006446 + regulation of translational initiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. - An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. - Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. - appendicular - this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers - - - AEO:0000193 - BILA:0000018 - BTO:0001492 - CARO:0010003 - EFO:0000799 - EHDAA2:0003193 - EMAPA:37283 - EV:0100155 - FBbt:00007000 - HAO:0000144 - MAT:0000023 - MESH:D005121 - MIAA:0000023 - NCIT:C61460 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0598782 - VSAO:0000075 - XAO:0000218 - uberon - appendages - extremitaet - extremity - limbs/digits/tail - UBERON:0000026 - - - - appendage + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. + biological_process + GO:0006448 + regulation of translational elongation + + + + - - - Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. - CARO:DOS - - - - - An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. - BILA:0000018 - - - - - Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. - GO:0048736 - - - - - EMAPA:37283 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0598782 - ncithesaurus:Appendage - - - - - appendages - XAO:0000218 - - - - - - extremitaet - BTO:0001492 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - limbs/digits/tail - MP:0000001 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + biological_process + GO:0006449 + regulation of translational termination + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + glycoprotein breakdown + glycoprotein catabolism + glycoprotein degradation + biological_process + GO:0006516 + glycoprotein catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. - - - - BTO:0002330 - FMA:62517 - NCIT:C32918 - UMLS:C1179187 - lamina propria mucosa - lamina propria mucosae - uberon - tunica propria - UBERON:0000030 - - lamina propria - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/GI_Organization.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. + peptide metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006518 + + peptide metabolic process - + - A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. - - - - - - UMLS:C1179187 - ncithesaurus:Lamina_Propria - - - - - tunica propria - BTO:0002330 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 + GO:0006519 + cellular amino acid metabolic process + cellular amino acid metabolism + biological_process + amino acid and derivative metabolism + cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process + GO:0006520 + + + + + + + + amino acid metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. - - EMAPA:35877 - FMA:265157 - MA:0001858 - NCIT:C49305 - UMLS:C1710457 - lamina propria mucosa of trachea - lamina propria mucosa of windpipe - lamina propria mucosae of trachea - lamina propria mucosae of windpipe - lamina propria of windpipe - trachea lamina propria - trachea lamina propria mucosa - trachea lamina propria mucosae - tracheal lamina propria - windpipe lamina propria - windpipe lamina propria mucosa - windpipe lamina propria mucosae - uberon - UBERON:0000031 - lamina propria of trachea + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids. + regulation of amino acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006521 + regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1710457 - ncithesaurus:Trachea_Lamina_Propria - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosae of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosae of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe lamina propria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + biogenic amine metabolism + cellular biogenic amine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0006576 + biogenic amine metabolic process + - - - windpipe lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. + acetylcholine breakdown + acetylcholine catabolism + acetylcholine degradation + biological_process + GO:0006581 + acetylcholine catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0192800752 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + catecholamine metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006584 + catecholamine metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. - - Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] - Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010335 - AEO:0000106 - BILA:0000115 - BIRNLEX:1230 - BTO:0000282 - CALOHA:TS-0436 - EFO:0000964 - EHDAA2:0003106 - EMAPA:31858 - FBbt:00000004 - FMA:7154 - GAID:61 - HAO:0000397 - MA:0000023 - MAT:0000294 - MESH:D006257 - MIAA:0000294 - NCIT:C12419 - OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - SPD:0000016 - TAO:0001114 - TGMA:0000002 - UMLS:C0018670 - VHOG:0001644 - WBbt:0005739 - XAO:0003024 - ZFA:0001114 - galen:Head - head (volume) - adult head - uberon - cephalic area - UBERON:0000033 - - - - - head + The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. + indolamine metabolic process + indolamine metabolism + indolalkylamine metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006586 + indolalkylamine metabolic process - + - The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. - - GO:0060322 - - - - - Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010335 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001114 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001644 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.82 - - - - - UMLS:C0018670 - BIRNLEX:1230 - - - - - UMLS:C0018670 - ncithesaurus:Head - - - - - head (volume) - FMA:7154 - - - - - cephalic area - SPD:0000016 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. + GOC:curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. + Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism + lipid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006629 + + + + + + + + + + + + + lipid metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. + GOC:ma + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. + Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolisms#Steroid_biosynthesis + steroid anabolism + steroid biosynthesis + steroid formation + steroid synthesis + steroidogenesis + biological_process + GO:0006694 + steroid biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. + bile acid anabolism + bile acid biosynthesis + bile acid formation + bile acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0006699 + bile acid biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + steroid breakdown + steroid catabolism + steroid degradation + biological_process + GO:0006706 + steroid catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. - A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] - a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] - in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. - - - - - FMA:9581 - GAID:19 - MESH:D012704 - NCIT:C13169 - TAO:0005425 - UMLS:C0036760 - ZFA:0005425 - tunica serosa - wall of serous sac - uberon - serosa - UBERON:0000042 - - - serous membrane - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. + aromatic compound metabolism + aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic process + aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006725 + + cellular aromatic compound metabolic process - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. - - - - - - - A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005425 - TAO - - - - - - a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] - - - - - - in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0036760 - ncithesaurus:Serosa - - - - - tunica serosa - FMA:9581 - - - - - - wall of serous sac - FMA:9581 - - - - - serosa - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism + sulfur metabolism + sulphur metabolic process + sulphur metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006790 + + + + + + + sulfur compound metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). + phosphorus metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006793 + + phosphorus metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. + phosphate metabolism + biological_process + phosphate metabolic process + GO:0006796 + phosphate-containing compound metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. + nitrogen compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:0006807 + + + nitrogen compound metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292 + jl + 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z + GO:0015457 + GO:0015460 + GO:0044765 + biological_process + single-organism transport + GO:0006810 + + + + + + + + Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. + transport + + + + + The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. + GOC:dos + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. + ion transport + biological_process + GO:0006811 + + + + monoatomic ion transport + + + + + The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. - Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] - Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] - in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis - - - - AEO:0000091 - BTO:0001356 - CALOHA:TS-1021 - EHDAA2:0003091 - EMAPA:35854 - EV:0100149 - FMA:9721 - GAID:276 - MA:0000115 - MESH:D013710 - NCIT:C13045 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0039508 - VHOG:0001286 - VSAO:0000073 - XAO:0000173 - ZFA:0005647 - galen:Tendon - uberon - sinew - tendo - UBERON:0000043 - - - tendon - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg + The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GO:0006819 + GO:0015674 + GO:0072512 + cation transport + di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport + trivalent inorganic cation transport + biological_process + GO:0006812 + monoatomic cation transport - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - OG + + + The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - AEO + + + di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - AEO - + + The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0006834 + GO:0016974 + sodium/potassium transport + sodium transport + mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange + sodium:calcium exchange + sodium:solute transport + biological_process + sodium channel auxiliary protein activity + GO:0006814 + sodium ion transport + - + - Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000073 - - - - - Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000073 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001286 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00241-6 Summers AP, Koob TJ, The evolution of tendon - morphology and material properties. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology (2002) - - - - - in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0039508 - ncithesaurus:Tendon + The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - sinew - + sodium channel auxiliary protein activity + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + phosphate transport + GO:0006817 + phosphate ion transport + - - - tendo - - + + + The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0006841 + biological_process + sodium:dicarboxylate transport + GO:0006835 + dicarboxylic acid transport + + + + + The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. + sodium:neurotransmitter transport + biological_process + GO:0006836 + + neurotransmitter transport + + + + + The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. - TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. - A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures - Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] - Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NLXANAT:100302]. - Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - ganglionic - - - - AAO:0010426 - AEO:0000135 - BAMS:G - BTO:0000497 - CALOHA:TS-0397 - EFO:0000899 - EHDAA2:0003135 - EHDAA:2897 - EHDAA:4662 - EHDAA:5621 - EHDAA:918 - EMAPA:32846 - EV:0100372 - FMA:5884 - MA:0002406 - MAT:0000207 - MAT:0000343 - MESH:D005724 - MIAA:0000207 - MIAA:0000343 - NCIT:C12719 - NLXANAT:100302 - TAO:0000190 - TGMA:0001016 - UMLS:C0017067 - VHOG:0000156 - WBbt:0005189 - XAO:0000209 - ZFA:0000190 - uberon - ganglia - neural ganglion - UBERON:0000045 - - - - - ganglion + The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. + biological_process + GO:0006837 + serotonin transport - - - - + + + The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0006846 + acetate transport + - - - + + + The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + + + + + + + The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane. + biological_process + GO:0006847 + plasma membrane acetate transport + - + - A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. - - - - - - - A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures - - - - - - Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010426 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000190 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NLXANAT:100302]. - NLXANAT:100302 - - - - - Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000156 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.021 Mazet F, Hutt JA, Milloz J, Millard J, Graham A, Shimeld SM, Molecular evidence from Ciona intestinalis for the evolutionary origin of vertebrate sensory placodes. Developmental Biology (2005) - - - - - UMLS:C0017067 - ncithesaurus:Ganglion + The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. + biological_process + GO:0006858 + extracellular transport + - - - neural ganglion - BTO:0000497 + + + The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. - - TGMA:0000729 - uberon - UBERON:0000047 - - - simple eye + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed extracellular movement of amino acids. + biological_process + GO:0006860 + extracellular amino acid transport - + - An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. - + The directed extracellular movement of amino acids. + GOC:ai - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. - - uberon - UBERON:0000055 - - - - vessel + The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0006866 + biological_process + GO:0006865 + + + amino acid transport - + - A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. - + The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + biological_process + GO:0006869 + + + + lipid transport + + + + + The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. - A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. - Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. - - - - AAO:0011123 - FBbt:00100314 - FMA:30320 - NCIT:C12948 - TAO:0005171 - UMLS:C0687028 - XAO:0004000 - ZFA:0005171 - galen:Duct - anatomical duct - exocrine duct - exocrine gland duct - uberon - ducts - UBERON:0000058 - - duct + The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. + GO:0032779 + biological_process + copper-induced intracellular protein transport + GO:0006886 + + + intracellular protein transport - + - A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. - - + The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. + GOC:mah - - - A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. - ZFA:0005171 + + + copper-induced intracellular protein transport + GOC:al + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. + GO:0016194 + GO:0016195 + Wikipedia:Exocytosis + vesicle exocytosis + biological_process + nonselective vesicle exocytosis + GO:0006887 + + exocytosis + - - - UMLS:C0687028 - ncithesaurus:Duct + + + A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0716731363 + PMID:22323285 + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. + post-Golgi transport + biological_process + GO:0006892 + post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport + - - - ducts - XAO:0004000 - + + + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. + GOC:ai + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis. + Golgi to plasma membrane vesicle-mediated transport + biological_process + GO:0006893 + Golgi to plasma membrane transport + + + + + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis. + ISBN:0716731363 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. - - Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010396 - BTO:0000706 - CALOHA:TS-1306 - EFO:0000840 - EMAPA:19252 - EV:0100077 - FMA:7201 - GAID:306 - MA:0000333 - MESH:D007420 - MIAA:0000046 - NCIT:C12379 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0021851 - VHOG:0000054 - XAO:0000131 - galen:LargeIntestine - uberon - intestinum crassum - UBERON:0000059 - - - - - - large intestine + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole. + Golgi to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport + biological_process + GO:0006896 + Golgi to vacuole transport - - - - cjm - - - + - A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000054 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 - - - - - UMLS:C0021851 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestine - - - - - intestinum crassum - BTO:0000706 + The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole. + GOC:ai - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. - in FMA, serosa is a wall - UBERON:0009915 - wall - EMAPA:25036 - FMA:82482 - galen:Wall - wall of organ - uberon - organ wall - UBERON:0000060 - - anatomical wall + The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. + biological_process + GO:0006903 + vesicle targeting - + - Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. - FMA:82482 - - - - - in FMA, serosa is a wall - FMA - - - - - wall of organ - FMA:82482 - - - - - organ wall - FMA:82482 + The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. + GOC:mah + PMID:17335816 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. - - - AAO:0010825 - AEO:0000003 - BILA:0000003 - CARO:0000003 - EHDAA2:0003003 - EMAPA:0 - FBbt:00007001 - FMA:305751 - FMA:67135 - GAID:781 - HAO:0000003 - MA:0003000 - MESH:D000825 - TAO:0000037 - TGMA:0001823 - VHOG:0001759 - XAO:0003000 - ZFA:0000037 - biological structure - connected biological structure - uberon - UBERON:0000061 - - anatomical structure + + + + + + + Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. + biological_process + GO:0006906 + vesicle fusion - + - Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. - CARO:0000003 - - - - - connected biological structure - CARO:0000003 + Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. + GOC:jid - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + @@ -44075,53274 +61823,52174 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. - - Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. - CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 - - - - BIRNLEX:4 - CARO:0020004 - EFO:0000634 - EMAPA:35949 - ENVO:01000162 - FMA:67498 - MA:0003001 - NCIT:C13018 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0178784 - WBbt:0003760 - uberon - anatomical unit - body organ - element - UBERON:0000062 - - organ + + + + + + + A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. + + + GO:0006917 + GO:0008632 + cell suicide + cellular suicide + Wikipedia:Apoptosis + apoptotic cell death + apoptotic programmed cell death + programmed cell death by apoptosis + activation of apoptosis + apoptosis + apoptosis signaling + apoptotic program + type I programmed cell death + biological_process + apoptosis activator activity + caspase-dependent programmed cell death + commitment to apoptosis + induction of apoptosis + induction of apoptosis by p53 + signaling (initiator) caspase activity + GO:0006915 + apoptotic process - - - - - - - + - Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. - GO:0048513 + A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. + GOC:cjm + GOC:dhl + GOC:ecd + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + ISBN:0198506732 + PMID:18846107 + PMID:21494263 - - - UMLS:C0178784 - ncithesaurus:Organ + + + apoptotic cell death + GOC:sl - - - element - + + + apoptotic program + GOC:add - + - - - A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. - FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction - Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. - Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. - FMA:86140 - uberon - organ region with fixed fiat boundary - organ segment - segment of organ - UBERON:0000063 - - organ subunit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. + cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process + disassembly of cell structures + cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0006921 + cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis - + - A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. - - - - - - Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. - FMA:86140 - 3 - - - - - Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. - FMA:86140 - 1 - - - - - organ region with fixed fiat boundary - FMA:86140 - - - - - organ segment - FMA:86140 - - - - - segment of organ - FMA:86140 + The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb - + - - + + - - + + - A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. - currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future - - - AAO:0011124 - BIRNLEX:16 - EFO:0000635 - FMA:82472 - cardinal organ part - uberon - regional part of organ - UBERON:0000064 - - - - organ part + A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. + Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction + biological_process + GO:0006936 + + muscle contraction - + - A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. - - - - - - cardinal organ part - FMA:82472 - - - - - regional part of organ - BIRNLEX:16 + A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. - - - EHDAA2:0001606 - EHDAA:1568 - EHDAA:2219 - EMAPA:16737 - FMA:265130 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0000393 - uberon - UBERON:0000065 - - respiratory tract + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0006937 + regulation of muscle contraction - - - - - - - - - NCBIBook:NBK10107 - - - + - Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. - adult stage - BTO:0001043 - BilaDO:0000004 - EFO:0001272 - FBdv:00005369 - WBls:0000041 - XtroDO:0000084 - fully formed animal stage - juvenile-adult stage - uberon - UBERON:0000066 - - fully formed stage - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/566 + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. + visceral muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0006939 + smooth muscle contraction - + - The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. - + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. + GOC:ef + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_muscle + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0006940 + regulation of smooth muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. - - BilaDO:0000002 - EV:0300001 - FBdv:00005289 - FMA:72652 - HsapDv:0000002 - MmusDv:0000002 - OGES:000000 - OGES:000022 - WBls:0000003 - WBls:0000092 - WBls:0000102 - XAO:1000012 - embryonic stage - uberon - embryogenesis - UBERON:0000068 - embryo stage + A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. + sarcomeric muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0006941 + striated muscle contraction - + - A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. - + A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_muscle + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0006942 + regulation of striated muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. - Uberon includes clade-specific subclasses, e.g. nematod larva - - It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form - - BTO:0000915 - BTO:0000954 - EFO:0001303 - FBdv:00005336 - MIAA:0000400 - OGES:000008 - ZFS:0000048 - larva stage - ammocoete - ammocoete stage - bipinnaria - bipinnaria stage - caterpillar - caterpillar stage - glochidium - glochidium stage - grub - grub stage - leptocephalus - leptocephalus stage - maggot - maggot stage - metacestode - naiad, nymph - naiad, nymph stage - nauplius - nauplius stage - nymph - nymph stage - planula - planula stage - tornaria - trochophore - trochophore stage - veliger - veliger stage - wriggler - wriggler stage - zoea - zoea stage - uberon - larva - UBERON:0000069 - - larval stage + The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. + biological_process + GO:0006949 + + syncytium formation - + - A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. - - - - - - It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form - WP - - - - - ammocoete - - - - - - - ammocoete stage - - - - - - - bipinnaria - - - - - - - bipinnaria stage - - - - - - - caterpillar - - - - - - - caterpillar stage - - - - - - - glochidium - - - - - - - glochidium stage - - - - - - - grub - - - - - - - grub stage - - - - - - - leptocephalus - - - - - - - leptocephalus stage - - - - - - - maggot - - - - - - - maggot stage - - - - - - - metacestode - BTO:0000859 - - - - - - naiad, nymph - - - - - - - naiad, nymph stage - - - - - - - nauplius - - - - - - - nauplius stage - - + The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). + biological_process + response to abiotic stress + response to biotic stress + GO:0006950 + + + + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to stress + - - - nymph - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. + biological_process + GO:0006955 + + immune response + - - - nymph stage - - + + + Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000022 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + jl + 2013-12-19T15:25:51Z + GO:1902589 + organelle organisation + single organism organelle organization + biological_process + organelle organization and biogenesis + single-organism organelle organization + GO:0006996 + + + organelle organization + - - - planula - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:mah - - - planula stage - - + + + single organism organelle organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - tornaria - NCBITaxon:10219 - + + + organelle organization and biogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. + GO:0048287 + nuclear organisation + nuclear organization + biological_process + nuclear morphology + nuclear organization and biogenesis + nucleus organization and biogenesis + GO:0006997 + + + + + nucleus organization + - - - trochophore - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - trochophore stage - - + + + nuclear organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - - - veliger - - + + + nucleus organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. + nuclear envelope organisation + biological_process + nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis + GO:0006998 + nuclear envelope organization + - - - veliger stage - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - wriggler - - + + + nuclear envelope organisation + GOC:mah - - - wriggler stage - - + + + nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus. + nucleolus organisation + biological_process + nucleolus organization and biogenesis + GO:0007000 + nucleolus organization + - - - zoea - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - zoea stage - - + + + nucleolus organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - End of the life of an organism. - ncit:Death is an outcome - XAO:0000437 - XtroDO:0000085 - uberon - death - UBERON:0000071 - death stage + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. + plasma membrane organisation + biological_process + plasma membrane organization and biogenesis + GO:0007009 + + plasma membrane organization - + - End of the life of an organism. - XAO:0000437 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - ncit:Death is an outcome - ncit + + + plasma membrane organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An section of a respiratory tract. - MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole - EMAPA:16737 - FMA:45660 - MA:0000434 - uberon - respiratory tract - subdivision of respiratory tract - UBERON:0000072 - - proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + cytoskeleton organisation + biological_process + cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis + cytoskeletal regulator activity + cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0007010 + + + + + + + cytoskeleton organization - + - An section of a respiratory tract. - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole - MA + + + cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - respiratory tract - MA:0000434 + cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. - - 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z - - - BIRNLEX:1157 - NCIT:C13040 - UMLS:C1518256 - part of nervous system - uberon - UBERON:0000073 - - - regional part of nervous system + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. + actin filament organisation + regulation of actin filament localization + biological_process + GO:0007015 + actin filament organization - + - Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. - BIRNLEX:1157 - - - - - UMLS:C1518256 - ncithesaurus:Nervous_System_Part - - - - - part of nervous system - BIRNLEX:1157 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809 + biological_process + GO:0007017 + + microtubule-based process + + + + + Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. + biological_process + GO:0007018 + + + microtubule-based movement + + + + + A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. + GOC:cjm + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. + microtubule disassembly + microtubule shortening + microtubule catastrophe + microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression + biological_process + GO:0007019 + microtubule depolymerization + + + + + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + microtubule catastrophe + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. - UBERON:0010322 - - - FMA:85544 - NCIT:C34076 - UMLS:C1519343 - galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure - skeletal system subdivision - uberon - skeletal system part - UBERON:0000075 - - subdivision of skeletal system + The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). + Wikipedia:Microtubule_nucleation + biological_process + GO:0007020 + microtubule nucleation - - - - cjm + + + The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0815316194 + PMID:12517712 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. + down regulation of microtubule depolymerization + down-regulation of microtubule depolymerization + downregulation of microtubule depolymerization + microtubule stabilization + negative regulation of microtubule disassembly + inhibition of microtubule depolymerization + microtubule rescue + negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe + biological_process + GO:0007026 + negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization + - + - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. - - UBERONREF:0000003 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - - - UMLS:C1519343 - ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part + + + microtubule rescue + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - skeletal system subdivision - FMA:85544 + + + negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. - merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) - - (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis - - - EHDAA2:0001968 - EHDAA:1494 - EHDAA:350 - EHDAA:4784 - EHDAA:4790 - EHDAA:4796 - EHDAA:7860 - EMAPA:16096 - FMA:87656 - NCIT:C34309 - UMLS:C1515087 - surface (external) ectoderm - surface ectoderm - uberon - UBERON:0000076 - - external ectoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ectoderm.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme. + axonemal microtubule stabilization + biological_process + negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme + GO:0007027 + negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - - - + + + negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + cytoplasm organisation + biological_process + cytoplasm organization and biogenesis + GO:0007028 + + cytoplasm organization + - + - The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. - MGI:anna - MP:0012532 - - - - - UMLS:C1515087 - ncithesaurus:Surface_Ectoderm + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. + GOC:curators + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - surface ectoderm - MP:0012532 + + + cytoplasm organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. - Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple - uberon - UBERON:0000077 - - mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. + Golgi apparatus organization + Golgi organisation + biological_process + Golgi organization and biogenesis + GO:0007030 + + Golgi organization - + - An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + Golgi organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + GO:0044086 + vacuole organisation + vacuolar assembly + biological_process + vacuole biogenesis + vacuole organization and biogenesis + GO:0007033 + + + + vacuole organization + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + GOC:mah + + + + + vacuolar assembly + GOC:mah + + + + + vacuole biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + vacuole organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. + biological_process + GO:0007034 + + vacuolar transport + + + + + The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple - uberon - UBERON:0000078 - - mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. + biological_process + vacuolar protein breakdown + vacuolar protein catabolic process + vacuolar protein catabolism + vacuolar protein degradation + GO:0007039 + protein catabolic process in the vacuole - + - An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. + GOC:mah + GOC:vw - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. + intercellular junction assembly + biological_process + GO:0007043 + cell-cell junction assembly + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. + Wikipedia:Cell_cycle + cell-division cycle + biological_process + GO:0007049 + + + + + + + + cell cycle + + + + + The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_cell_cycle + + + + + + + + + The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. + Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation + chromosome division + biological_process + chromosome transmission + GO:0007059 + + + + + + + chromosome segregation + + + + + The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_cell_cycle + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. + biological_process + GO:0007076 + mitotic chromosome condensation + + + + + The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis. + NEB + local NEB + nuclear envelope breakdown + mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + biological_process + mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GO:0007077 + mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly + + + + + The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis. + GOC:bf + PMID:32848252 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. - EHDAA2 has embryo starting later - - - - BTO:0001508 - EHDAA2:0000005 - FMA:292334 - GAID:1295 - MESH:D009028 - NCIT:C34212 - UMLS:C0026573 - uberon - morula (2-16 cells) - UBERON:0000085 - - morula - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. + regulation of mitosis + biological_process + GO:0007088 + regulation of mitotic nuclear division + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. - MP:0012130 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. + GO:0040023 + establishment of position of nucleus + nuclear movement + nuclear positioning + nucleus migration + nucleus positioning + positioning of nucleus + biological_process + establishment of cell nucleus localization + establishment of localization of nucleus + establishment of nucleus localisation + establishment of nucleus localization + GO:0007097 + nuclear migration + - - - EHDAA2 has embryo starting later - EHDAA2 + + + The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. + GOC:ai - - - UMLS:C0026573 - ncithesaurus:Morula + + + establishment of nucleus localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. + Wikipedia:Mitosis#Endomitosis + biological_process + endomitosis + GO:0007113 + Note that this term should not be confused with 'abortive mitotic cell cycle ; GO:0033277'. Although abortive mitosis is sometimes called endomitosis, GO:0033277 refers to a process in which a mitotic spindle forms and chromosome separation begins. + endomitotic cell cycle + - - - morula (2-16 cells) - EHDAA2:0000005 + + + A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. + GOC:curators + GOC:dos + GOC:expert_vm - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - - A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. - - Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] - zona pellucida - vitelline membrane - - - BTO:0003135 - EHDAA2:0002220 - EHDAA:31 - EHDAA:62 - EMAPA:16035 - FMA:18674 - GAID:410 - MA:0001715 - MESH:D015044 - NCIT:C33896 - TAO:0001111 - UMLS:C0043519 - VHOG:0000720 - ZFA:0001111 - uberon - oolemma - pellucid zone - striated membrane - vitelline envelope - vitelline membrane - zona radiata - zona striata - UBERON:0000086 - - - - zona pellucida - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png + + A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. + + female meiosis + female meiotic division + biological_process + GO:0007143 + Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'. + female meiotic nuclear division - + - A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. - - - - - - Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000720 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.159 - - - - - zona pellucida - vitelline membrane - VHOG:0000720 - - - - - UMLS:C0043519 - ncithesaurus:Zona_Pellucida - - - - - oolemma - BTO:0003135 - - - - - pellucid zone - BTO:0003135 + A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:mah + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + Wikipedia:Cell_signaling + biological_process + GO:0007154 + + + cell communication + - - - striated membrane - BTO:0003135 + + + Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + GO:0030012 + GO:0030467 + biological_process + cell polarity + establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity + establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization + GO:0007163 + + + + + establishment or maintenance of cell polarity + - - - zona radiata - BTO:0003135 + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + GOC:mah - + - zona striata - BTO:0003135 + cell polarity + GOC:mah + GOC:vw - + - - - + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. - A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] - A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] - This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred.The ICM lies within the blastocyst cavity and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass] - - - - EFO:0000547 - EHDAA2:0000830 - EHDAA:40 - EMAPA:16041 - FMA:86557 - NCIT:C13740 - UMLS:C1283994 - VHOG:0000742 - uberon - ICM - early embryoblast - embryoblast - embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior - pluriblast - UBERON:0000087 - - - - inner cell mass - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. + GO:0023014 + GO:0023015 + GO:0023016 + GO:0023033 + GO:0023045 + Wikipedia:Signal_transduction + signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation + signal transduction by conformational transition + signal transduction by protein phosphorylation + signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation + signaling cascade + signalling cascade + biological_process + signaling pathway + signalling pathway + GO:0007165 + + + + + Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. + signal transduction - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MGI:pvb - - - - - A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000742 - VHOG - - - - - - A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000742 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.144 - - - - - UMLS:C1283994 - ncithesaurus:Inner_Cell_Mass - - - - - ICM - VHOG:0000742 + The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 - + - early embryoblast - FMA:86557 + signalling pathway + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. + cell-cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0007267 + + + cell-cell signaling + - - - embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior - - + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah - + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. - - the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP] - trophoblastic - The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta - - - - BTO:0001079 - CALOHA:TS-1070 - EV:0100120 - FMA:83029 - GAID:1152 - MESH:D014327 - NCIT:C93292 - UMLS:C0041178 - trophoblast layer - uberon - massa cellularis externa - trophoblastus - trophoderm - UBERON:0000088 - - - - Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast] - trophoblast - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. + signal transmission across a synapse + synaptic transmission + Wikipedia:Neurotransmission + biological_process + neurotransmission + GO:0007268 + + chemical synaptic transmission - - - - - - - - - - MP-def - - - + - The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0005031 - - - - - the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP] - 2012-08-23 - MP:0005031 - trophoblast layer - MP - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - - - - - The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta - - - - - - UMLS:C0041178 - ncithesaurus:Trophoblast - - - - - trophoblast layer - MP:0005031 - - - - - massa cellularis externa - - - - - - - trophoblastus - - + The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. + GOC:jl + MeSH:D009435 - + - trophoderm - BTO:0001079 + neurotransmission + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + - - + + - A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. - embryonic disc - embryonic shield - germinal disc - germinal disk - - - FMA:293863 - NCIT:C34112 - UMLS:C1283997 - bilaminary embryonic disc - bilaminary germ disc - uberon - bilaminar disk - UBERON:0000091 - - - bilaminar disc - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png + The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. + GO:0010554 + neurotransmitter release + neurotransmitter secretory pathway + biological_process + GO:0007269 + + A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. + neurotransmitter secretion - - - + + + The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. + cholinergic synaptic transmission + biological_process + GO:0007271 + synaptic transmission, cholinergic + - + - A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. - MP:0003886 - - - - - embryonic disc - MP:0003886 - - - - - embryonic shield - MP:0003886 - - - - - germinal disc - MP:0003886 - - - - - germinal disk - MP:0003886 - - - - - UMLS:C1283997 - ncithesaurus:Bilaminar_Embryonic_Disc - - - - - bilaminary germ disc - ISBN:9780878932504 - - - - - bilaminar disk - + The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. + GOC:dos + Wikipedia:Cholinergic - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21234 + biological_process + GO:0007275 + + + + Note that this term was 'developmental process'. + multicellular organism development + + + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + - + + The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. + GO:0009552 + biological_process + gametogenesis + GO:0007276 + gamete generation + + + + + The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. + GOC:ems + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. - In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) - BilaDO:0000003 - OGES:000010 - OGES:000014 - OGES:000024 - WBls:0000022 - WBls:0000093 - WBls:0000103 - postembryonic stage - post-hatching stage - uberon - postembryonic - UBERON:0000092 - post-embryonic stage - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/344 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. + germ-cell development + gametogenesis + primordial germ cell development + biological_process + GO:0007281 + germ cell development - + - Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. - - 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z - membrane - FMA:7145 - membrane of organ - uberon - UBERON:0000094 - membrane organ + + + Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. + biological_process + GO:0007292 + female gamete generation - - - - - - - - - FMA-def - - - + - Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. - FMA:7145 + Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + - + - - + + - Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. - A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[DOI:10.1242/dev.091751]. - ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. - - 2009-07-30T07:57:38Z - - TAO:0002173 - XAO:0004190 - ZFA:0001648 - uberon - cardiac neural crest complex - complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus - UBERON:0000095 - - cardiac neural crest - - - - - + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + biological_process + GO:0007293 + germarium-derived egg chamber formation + - + - Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. - - - - - - A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[DOI:10.1242/dev.091751]. - - - - - - ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. - ZFA - - - - - cardiac neural crest complex - - - - - - complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus - + Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:mtg_sensu + ISBN:0879694238 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - + - The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. - FMA:73750 - lung vascular network - pulmonary vasculature - vascular network of lung - vasculature of lung - uberon - UBERON:0000102 - - lung vasculature + + + + + + + The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0048110 + oocyte arrangement + biological_process + GO:0007308 + oocyte construction - + - The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. - GOC:GO - - - - - lung vascular network - OBOL:automatic + The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:mtg_sensu + GOC:tb + ISBN:0198506732 - + - pulmonary vasculature - FMA:73750 + oocyte arrangement + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. + mitotic cell cycle modulation + mitotic cell cycle regulation + modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression + regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression + regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + biological_process + mitotic cell cycle regulator + GO:0007346 + regulation of mitotic cell cycle + - - - vascular network of lung - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - + - vasculature of lung - OBOL:automatic + regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + - + - - + + - An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. - FBdv:00000000 - HsapDv:0000001 - MmusDv:0000001 - OGES:000011 - ncithesaurus:Life - entire life cycle - entire lifespan - life - lifespan - uberon - UBERON:0000104 - - life cycle - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/532 + + + + + + + A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + Wikipedia:Gastrulation + biological_process + GO:0007369 + + gastrulation - + - An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. - + A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + GOC:curators + ISBN:9780878933846 - + - - + + - + - A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. - this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here - the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages - we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage - BILS:0000105 - EFO:0000399 - FBdv:00007012 - FMA:24120 - HsapDv:0000000 - MESH:D008018 - MmusDv:0000000 - OlatDv:0000010 - PdumDv:0000090 - WBls:0000002 - XAO:1000000 - ZFS:0000000 - ZFS:0100000 - ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage - developmental stage - stage - uberon - UBERON:0000105 - - - life cycle stage + Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. + biological_process + pattern biosynthesis + pattern formation + GO:0007389 + + pattern specification process - + - A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. - + Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + ISBN:0521436125 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. + biological_process + GO:0007398 + ectoderm development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. - As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] - - BILS:0000106 - BilaDO:0000005 - EFO:0001322 - EHDAA:27 - FBdv:00005288 - NCIT:C12601 - PdumDv:0000100 - VHOG:0000745 - XAO:1000001 - ZFS:0000001 - 1-cell stage - fertilized egg stage - one cell stage - uberon - fertilized egg stage - one-cell stage - zygote - zygotum - UBERON:0000106 - - zygote stage - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. + biological_process + pan-neural process + GO:0007399 + + nervous system development - + - A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. - - - - - - As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000745 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.107 - - - - - fertilized egg stage - BTO:0000854 - - - - - one-cell stage - VHOG:0000745 - - - - - zygote - VHOG:0000745 - - - - - zygotum - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. - - BILS:0000107 - BilaDO:0000006 - EFO:0001290 - FBdv:00000054 - MESH:D002970 - MmusDv:0000004 - OGES:000015 - OGES:000020 - PdumDv:0000200 - XAO:1000004 - ZFS:0000046 - uberon - UBERON:0000107 - - cleavage stage + The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. + GO:0043349 + GO:0043350 + biological_process + GO:0007405 + neuroblast proliferation - + - The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. - - GO:0040016 + The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_sensu + GOC:sart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. + down regulation of neuroblast proliferation + down-regulation of neuroblast proliferation + downregulation of neuroblast proliferation + suppression of neuroblast proliferation + inhibition of neuroblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:0007406 + negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. - consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage - - BILS:0000108 - BilaDO:0000007 - EFO:0001282 - HsapDv:0000006 - MmusDv:0000007 - OGES:000003 - OGES:000016 - OGES:000021 - OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg - WBls:0000005 - XAO:1000003 - ZFS:0000045 - uberon - UBERON:0000108 - - blastula stage - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional). + Wikipedia:Synaptogenesis + synapse biogenesis + synaptogenesis + biological_process + GO:0007416 + + synapse assembly - + - An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. - + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional). + GOC:mah + + + + + synapse biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + synaptogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + Wikipedia:Neural_development + CNS development + biological_process + GO:0007417 + central nervous system development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + GOC:bf + GOC:jid + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - BILS:0000109 - BilaDO:0000008 - EFO:0001296 - FBdv:00005317 - HsapDv:0000010 - MmusDv:0000013 - OGES:000004 - OGES:000019 - WBls:0000010 - XAO:1000005 - ZFS:0000047 - uberon - blastocystis trilaminaris stage - trilaminar blastocyst stage - trilaminar blastoderm stage - trilaminar disk stage - trilaminar germ stage - trilaminar stage - UBERON:0000109 - - gastrula stage + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). + biological_process + GO:0007420 + brain development - - - - - - - - - BILS - - - + - A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. - GO:0007369 - - - - - blastocystis trilaminaris stage - - - - - - trilaminar blastocyst stage - - - - - - trilaminar blastoderm stage - - - - - - trilaminar disk stage - - - - - - trilaminar germ stage - - - - - - trilaminar stage - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb + UBERON:0000955 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + biological_process + GO:0007422 + peripheral nervous system development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + GOC:go_curators + UBERON:0000010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + sense organ development + biological_process + GO:0007423 + + sensory organ development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + sense organ development + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. - BILS:0000110 - BilaDO:0000009 - HsapDv:0000012 - MmusDv:0000017 - XAO:1000006 - uberon - UBERON:0000110 - neurula stage - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/343 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm. + biological_process + ectodermal gut development + GO:0007439 + ectodermal digestive tract development - + - Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. - GO:0001841 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm. + GOC:curators + + + + + ectodermal gut development + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0007440 + foregut morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. - - BILS:0000111 - BilaDO:0000010 - HsapDv:0000015 - MmusDv:0000018 - OGES:000005 - OGES:000032 - uberon - segmentation stage - UBERON:0000111 - organogenesis stage - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/533 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0007442 + hindgut morphogenesis - + - A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. + biological_process + GO:0007492 + endoderm development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. + biological_process + GO:0007494 + midgut development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. + GOC:jid + UBERON:0001045 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. - - it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces - - EMAPA:35521 - FMA:27533 - MA:0001782 - connective tissue of lung - pulmonary interstitium - uberon - lung interstitial tissue - lung interstitium - pulmonary connective tissue - pulmonary interstitial tissue - UBERON:0000114 - - - lung connective tissue + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. + biological_process + GO:0007498 + + mesoderm development - + - The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MGI:anna - MP:0002276 - - - - - connective tissue of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pulmonary interstitium - FMA:27533 - - - - - lung interstitial tissue - MA:0001782 - - - - - pulmonary connective tissue - EMAPA:35521 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The epithelial layer of the lung. - A pseudostratified epithelium, containing basal cells, stem cells of the airway, submucosal glands and cartilage rings, is limited to the trachea and large lobar airways in the mouse (Morrisey and Hogan, 2010). This more complex epithelium extends to terminal bronchioles in the human[DOI:10.1242/dev.115469] - BTO:0001653 - EMAPA:32860 - MA:0001783 - epithelial tissue of lung - epithelium of lung - lung epithelial tissue - uberon - pulmonary epithelium - UBERON:0000115 - - lung epithelium + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism. + biological_process + GO:0007506 + gonadal mesoderm development - + - The epithelial layer of the lung. - MP:0006382 - - - - - epithelial tissue of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lung epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pulmonary epithelium - BTO:0001653 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. - in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) - EMAPA:37946 - FMA:12224 - segment of tracheobronchial tree - respiratory conducting tube - segment of tracheobronchial tree - tracheobronchial tree segment - uberon - airway - UBERON:0000117 - respiratory tube + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + GO:0007511 + Wikipedia:Heart_development + dorsal vessel development + biological_process + cardiac development + GO:0007507 + heart development - + - A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. - - GO:0030323 - - - - - in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) - GO - - - - - EMAPA:37946 - MA:th - - - - - segment of tracheobronchial tree - FMA:12224 - - - - - respiratory conducting tube - MP:0004391 - - - - - segment of tracheobronchial tree - FMA:12224 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. + GOC:jid + UBERON:0000948 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. + biological_process + GO:0007517 + muscle organ development + - - - tracheobronchial tree segment - FMA:12224 + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. + GOC:jid + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. + GO:0048637 + biological_process + myogenesis + GO:0007519 + skeletal muscle tissue development + + + + + The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. - clarify successors - include bronchi? - - - - - BTO:0001643 - EHDAA2:0004089 - NCIT:C34260 - NCIT:C34282 - UMLS:C1514420 - UMLS:C1514897 - uberon - gemma pulmonalis - gemma respiratoria - lung bud - primary lung bud - respiratory diverticulum - UBERON:0000118 - - lung bud - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray948.png + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. + neuromuscular junction organization + biological_process + NMJ stability + neuromuscular junction stability + GO:0007528 + neuromuscular junction development - - - - GO:0060441 + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. + GOC:mtg_OBO2OWL_2013 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + NMJ stability + GOC:pr - - - Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. - - GO:0060431 + + + neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. + Wikipedia:Sexual_differentiation + biological_process + GO:0007548 + sex differentiation + - - - UMLS:C1514420 - ncithesaurus:Primary_Bronchial_Bud + + + The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. + breathing + respiration + biological_process + GO:0007585 + + respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system + - - - UMLS:C1514897 - ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Diverticulum + + + The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + Wikipedia:Digestion + biological_process + GO:0007586 + + + digestion + - - - gemma pulmonalis - - + + + The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:isa_complete + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22368 + Wikipedia:Excretion + biological_process + GO:0007588 + + + excretion + - - - gemma respiratoria - - + + + The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. + ISBN:0192801023 + + + + + + + + The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. + biological_process + GO:0007589 + body fluid secretion + - - - lung bud - + + + The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + Wikipedia:Perception + biological_process + GO:0007600 + + sensory perception + - - - primary lung bud - GO:0060572 + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. + Wikipedia:Visual_perception + sense of sight + sensory visual perception + vision + biological_process + GO:0007601 + visual perception + - - - respiratory diverticulum - + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. + GOC:ai - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. - UBERON:0005163 - CARO:0001001 - FBbt:00005099 - NLX:147821 - funiculus - nerve fiber bundle - neural fiber bundle - uberon - UBERON:0000122 - neuron projection bundle + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. + Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense) + hearing + perception of sound + biological_process + GO:0007605 + sensory perception of sound - + - A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. - CARO:0001001 - FBC:DOS - FBbt:00005099 + The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + chemosensory perception + biological_process + GO:0007606 + sensory perception of chemical stimulus + - - - nerve fiber bundle - FBbt:00005099 + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + GOC:ai - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). - Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. - Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate. - nucleus - - AEO:0000136 - FMA:83686 - NCIT:C13197 - NLX:28443 - nervous system nucleus - neuraxis nucleus - neuronal nucleus - nucleus of CNS - uberon - nucleus of neuraxis - UBERON:0000125 - - neural nucleus + + The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. + jl + 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z + GO:0023032 + GO:0044708 + GO:0044709 + Wikipedia:Behavior + behavioral response to stimulus + behaviour + behavioural response to stimulus + biological_process + single-organism behavior + GO:0007610 + + + + 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. +2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). + behavior - - - - - - - - - CUMBO - - - - - - - - - - - we limit this structure by definition to chordate and vertebrate nervous systems - - - + - A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). - NLX:28443 - - - - - Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. - GO_REF:0000021 + The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. + GOC:ems + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395448956 + PMID:20160973 + + + + + + + + The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. + behavior via locomotion + locomotion in response to stimulus + locomotory behavioral response to stimulus + locomotory behaviour + locomotory behavioural response to stimulus + biological_process + GO:0007626 + + locomotory behavior + - - - neuraxis nucleus - FMA:83686 + + + The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. + GO:0070261 + biological_process + hemolymph circulation + GO:0008015 + + blood circulation + - - - neuronal nucleus - AEO:0000136 + + + The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. + GOC:mtg_heart + ISBN:0192800825 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. + regulation of cardiac contraction + biological_process + GO:0008016 + regulation of heart contraction + - - - nucleus of CNS - NLX:28443 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. - - - EMAPA:37066 - FMA:54501 - NLX:28532 - cranial neural nucleus - nucleus of cranial nerve - uberon - nucleus nervi cranialis - UBERON:0000126 - cranial nerve nucleus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png + Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group. + GO:0008505 + Reactome:R-HSA-429749 + Reactome:R-HSA-433698 + Reactome:R-HSA-5624211 + Reactome:R-HSA-9645220 + monocarboxylate carrier + prostaglandin/thromboxane transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0008028 + monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity - + - Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. - NLX:28532 + Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group. + GOC:ai - + - EMAPA:37066 - MA:th + Reactome:R-HSA-429749 + SLC5A8 transports monocarboxylates from extracellular region to cytosol - - - cranial neural nucleus - FMA:54501 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-433698 + SLC16A3,7,8 cotransport monocarboxylates, H+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - nucleus nervi cranialis - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5624211 + Defective SLC16A1 does not cotransport monocarboxylates, H+ from extracellular region to cytosol + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9645220 + SLC16A1:BSG cotransports monocarboxylates, H+ from extracellular region to cytosol - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - uberon - UBERON:0000153 - anterior region of body + The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections. + Wikipedia:Axoplasmic_transport + axon cargo transport + axonal transport + axoplasmic transport + biological_process + GO:0008088 + + axo-dendritic transport - - - - lexical + + + The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections. + ISBN:0815316194 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - uberon - UBERON:0000154 - posterior region of body + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0008105 + GO:0016249 + GO:0034613 + cellular protein localisation + cellular protein localization + protein localisation + channel localizer activity + biological_process + asymmetric protein localisation + asymmetric protein localization + establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization + establishment and maintenance of protein localization + GO:0008104 + + protein localization - - - - lexical + + + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. - membrane - FMA:30322 - FMA:82500 - MESH:D008566 - NCIT:C12749 - membranous organ component - uberon - UBERON:0000158 - membranous layer - - - - A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. - ncithesaurus:Membrane + + + cellular protein localisation + GOC:mah - + - membranous organ component - FMA:82500 + protein localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + channel localizer activity + GOC:mah + + + + + asymmetric protein localisation + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. - requires alignment with EHDAA2 and complete developmental relationships - - - - - BTO:0001978 - CALOHA:TS-2160 - EMAPA:18256 - FMA:15703 - MA:0000330 - MESH:D001003 - NCIT:C12375 - UMLS:C0227411 - galen:AnalCanal - anal canal - anal canal viewed anatomically - anatomical anal canal - uberon - anal pad - anus - canalis analis - cloaca - cloacal chamber - mesenteron - pars analis recti - UBERON:0000159 - - - - anal canal - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gray1078.png + + + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 + jl + 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z + GO:0000004 + GO:0007582 + GO:0044699 + Wikipedia:Biological_process + biological process + physiological process + biological_process + single organism process + single-organism process + GO:0008150 + + + + + + + + Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. + biological_process - - - - - - - - - Wikipathways:WP2062 - - - + - The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. - - - - - - UMLS:C0227411 - ncithesaurus:Anal_Canal - - - - - canalis analis - - - - - - - canalis analis - BTO:0001978 + A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. + jl + 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z + GO:0044236 + GO:0044710 + Wikipedia:Metabolism + metabolism + metabolic process resulting in cell growth + metabolism resulting in cell growth + multicellular organism metabolic process + biological_process + single-organism metabolic process + GO:0008152 + + + + + + Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. + metabolic process + - - - pars analis recti - BTO:0001978 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198547684 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolism + steroid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0008202 + steroid metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. - This class is probably too inclusive - Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] - The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - intestinal - In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. - - - - AAO:0000246 - ANISEED:1235303 - BSA:0000093 - BTO:0000648 - CALOHA:TS-0490 - EFO:0000834 - EMAPA:32874 - EV:0100071 - FMA:7199 - GAID:295 - MA:0000328 - MA:0001524 - MESH:D007422 - MIAA:0000043 - NCIT:C12736 - TAO:0001338 - UMLS:C0021853 - VHOG:0000056 - WBbt:0005772 - XAO:0000129 - ZFA:0001338 - galen:Intestine - bowel - uberon - intestinal tract - UBERON:0000160 - - - - - intestine + The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. + bile acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0008206 + bile acid metabolic process - - - - cjm - - - + - Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. - - GOC:GO - - - - - Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000246 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000056 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0021853 - ncithesaurus:Intestine + The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. - in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit - anatomical ostium - ostium - - FMA:3724 - anatomical orifice - hilum - uberon - UBERON:0000161 - orifice + + + Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24680 + biological_process + accidental cell death + necrosis + GO:0008219 + + This term should not be used for direct annotation, it is currently kept in GO as a placeholder for describing cell death phenotypes in uPHENO. When information is provided on a programmed cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Unintentional cell death, i.e. cell death caused by injury, ageing, or cell phenotypes observed as a result of a pathological mutation in an essential gene should NOT be annotated using GO terms. + cell death - + - Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. - FMA:3724 - - - - - in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit - FMA - - - - - anatomical ostium - FMA:3724 - - - - - anatomical orifice - FMA:3724 + Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:25236395 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0006870 + sulphate transport + biological_process + GO:0008272 + sulfate transport + + + + + The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. - adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca - - A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] - Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] - A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - cloacal - Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs - hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. - - - - - AAO:0000095 - GAID:1206 - MESH:D002988 - NCIT:C34127 - UMLS:C0008987 - VHOG:0001186 - XAO:0000244 - ZFA:0005781 - uberon - cloacal chamber - vent - UBERON:0000162 - cloaca - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - + - - + + - - AAO - + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + + biological_process + cell proliferation + GO:0008283 + + + + + + + This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. + cell population proliferation + - + - Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - - most adult placentals have no trace of a cloaca. However, the tenrecs and golden moles, small placental mammals native to Africa, retain a cloaca as adults. - - - - - A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001186 - VHOG - - - - - - - Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000095 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001186 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.572 - - - - - hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. - WP - - - - - UMLS:C0008987 - ncithesaurus:Cloaca - - - - - cloacal chamber - AAO:0000095 - - - - - vent - XAO:0000244 + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + GOC:mah + GOC:mb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. + + up regulation of cell proliferation + up-regulation of cell proliferation + upregulation of cell proliferation + activation of cell proliferation + stimulation of cell proliferation + biological_process + positive regulation of cell proliferation + GO:0008284 + positive regulation of cell population proliferation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. - this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals. - - EHDAA2:0000256 - EHDAA:4895 - EMAPA:27573 - uberon - cloaca - UBERON:0000163 - - embryonic cloaca - - - - - + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. + + down regulation of cell proliferation + down-regulation of cell proliferation + downregulation of cell proliferation + inhibition of cell proliferation + biological_process + negative regulation of cell proliferation + GO:0008285 + negative regulation of cell population proliferation + - + - Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. - - MP:0010115 - - - - - cloaca - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + acetylcholine metabolism + biological_process + GO:0008291 + acetylcholine metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + GOC:jl + GOC:nln + ISBN:0192800752 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. + acetylcholine anabolism + acetylcholine biosynthesis + acetylcholine formation + acetylcholine synthesis + biological_process + GO:0008292 + acetylcholine biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0192800752 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). - Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] - Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] - oral - some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives - in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips - - - - AAO:0010355 - BTO:0001090 - BTO:0004698 - CALOHA:TS-1315 - EFO:0000825 - EHDAA2:0001326 - EHDAA:542 - EMAPA:16262 - FBbt:00003126 - FMA:49184 - GAID:75 - MA:0000341 - MA:0002474 - MAT:0000038 - MESH:D009055 - MIAA:0000038 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TADS:0000040 - TAO:0000547 - TAO:0000590 - TGMA:0000131 - VHOG:0000280 - VHOG:0000812 - XAO:0003029 - ZFA:0000547 - ZFA:0000590 - galen:Mouth - regio oralis - adult mouth - uberon - cavital oralis - cavitas oris - cavum oris - mouth cavity - oral region - oral vestibule - rima oris - stoma - stomatodaeum - trophic apparatus - vestibule of mouth - vestibulum oris - UBERON:0000165 - - - - - - mouth - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/661 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg + Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:0015266 + GO:0015463 + Reactome:R-HSA-1268022 + Reactome:R-HSA-1299475 + Reactome:R-HSA-184269 + Reactome:R-HSA-3149434 + Reactome:R-HSA-5205661 + Reactome:R-HSA-5210943 + Reactome:R-HSA-5210947 + Reactome:R-HSA-5228406 + Reactome:R-HSA-5229111 + Reactome:R-HSA-5244404 + Reactome:R-HSA-5244428 + Reactome:R-HSA-5244506 + Reactome:R-HSA-5246514 + Reactome:R-HSA-5250616 + Reactome:R-HSA-5250884 + Reactome:R-HSA-5250972 + Reactome:R-HSA-5336420 + Reactome:R-HSA-9636375 + Reactome:R-HSA-9698930 + Reactome:R-HSA-9698933 + molecular_function + protein channel activity + GO:0008320 + protein transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - - the mouth contains structures such as jaw skeleton that may not strictly be considered tract parts - - - + - - - - - - - exceptions in some taxa + + GO_REF:0000090 - + - The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). - - - - - - - Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010355 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000812 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008) + Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:jl - - - in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips - FMA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1268022 + TOMM40 complex translocates proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondrial intermembrane space - - - regio oralis - BTO:0004698 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1299475 + TIMM23 PAM translocates proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix - - - regio oralis - FMA:49184 - FMA:TA - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-184269 + Monoubiquitinated N-myristoyl GAG polyprotein is targeted to the late endosomal vesicle membrane by the ESCRT-I complex - - - cavital oralis - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-3149434 + Transport of GAG to the Plasma Membrane - - - cavitas oris - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5205661 + Pink1 is recruited from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria - - - cavum oris - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5210943 + pagA(197-794):ANTRX2 oligomer transports cya and lef (target cell endosome to cytosol) - - - mouth cavity - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5210947 + pagA(197-794):ANTRX1 oligomer transports cya and lef (target cell endosome to cytosol) - - - oral region - EHDAA2:0001326 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5228406 + tetX HC transports tetX LC from target cell endosome membrane into cytosol - - - oral vestibule - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5229111 + AP4 transports APP from trans-Golgi network to endosome lumen - - - rima oris - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5244404 + botB HC transports botB LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - stomatodaeum - VHOG:0000812 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5244428 + botA HC transports botA LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - trophic apparatus - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5244506 + botE HC transports botE LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - vestibule of mouth - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5246514 + botC HC transports botC LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane to cytosol - - - vestibulum oris - BTO:0001090 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5250616 + botD HC transports botD LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. - (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] - FMA:59806 - oral fissure - oral orifice - uberon - mouth - oral part of face - UBERON:0000166 - - - oral opening - - - - - FMA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5250884 + botF HC transports botF LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5250972 + botG HC transports botG LC from target cell synaptic vesicle membrane into cytosol - - - (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000280 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.06.002 Christiaen L, Jaszczyszyn Y, Kerfant M, Kanob S, Thermes V, Joly JS, Evolutionary modification of mouth position in deuterostomes. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2007) + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5336420 + DT fragment B transports DT fragment A from target cell endosome membrane - - - oral fissure - FMA:59806 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9636375 + SecA2 transports SapM from cytoplasm to cytosol - - - oral orifice - FMA:59806 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9698930 + HCMV C Nucleocapsid Translocation - - - mouth - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9698933 + HCMV B Nucleocapsid Translocation - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). - Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] - The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] - Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] - - - AAO:0000053 - AAO:0000960 - BSA:0000107 - CALOHA:TS-1315 - EFO:0001975 - EHDAA2:0001324 - EHDAA:6970 - EMAPA:17411 - EMAPA:18399 - EV:0100057 - FMA:20292 - HAO:0000669 - NCIT:C12421 - TAO:0001027 - TGMA:0000102 - UMLS:C0226896 - VHOG:0000188 - WBbt:0005255 - XAO:0000126 - ZFA:0001027 - buccal cavity - cavity of mouth - uberon - bucca - UBERON:0000167 - - - - oral cavity + Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24479 + cation transmembrane transporter activity + transmembrane cation transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0008324 + monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity - + - Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000960 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000188 - VHOG - - - - - - - Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000188 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.32 - - - - - UMLS:C0226896 - ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity + Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:dgf + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. + Wikipedia:Asymmetric_cell_division + asymmetrical cell division + biological_process + asymmetric cytokinesis + asymmetrical cytokinesis + GO:0008356 + asymmetric cell division + - - - buccal cavity - FMA:20292 - ISBN:0073040584 + + + The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. + PMID:11672519 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - - + + - A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. - FMA:222905 - uberon - segment of colon - UBERON:0000168 - - proximal-distal subdivision of colon + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. + gonadogenesis + biological_process + GO:0008406 + gonad development - - - - 4 - cjm - - - + - A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. + GOC:ems + ISBN:0198506732 - - - segment of colon - FMA:222905 + + + gonadogenesis + GOC:cjm - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - + + - The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. - - FMA:68877 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - lungs - lungs pair - pulmones - set of lungs - uberon - UBERON:0000170 - - - pair of lungs + Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:0015201 + Reactome:R-HSA-372542 + Reactome:R-HSA-379393 + Reactome:R-HSA-380586 + Reactome:R-HSA-380620 + Reactome:R-HSA-444160 + Reactome:R-HSA-5660706 + molecular_function + GO:0008504 + monoamine transmembrane transporter activity - - - - - - - - - FMA-abduced + + + Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah - - - The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-372542 + Loading of dopamine into synaptic veiscles - - - pulmones - FMA:68877 - FMA:TA - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-379393 + SLC6A3 cotransports DA, Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-380586 + loading of Serotonin in synaptic vesicles + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-380620 + Reuptake of serotonin from the synapse + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-444160 + VMAT1/2 can mediate the transport of biogenic amines + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5660706 + Defective SLC6A3 does not cotransport DA, Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. - - EMAPA:17607 - SPD:0000428 - TGMA:0001247 - apparatus respiratorius organ - breathing organ - organ of apparatus respiratorius - organ of respiratory system - respiratory organ - respiratory system organ - uberon - gas exchange organ - UBERON:0000171 - - - respiration organ + Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 + Reactome:R-HSA-561041 + Reactome:R-HSA-9794830 + molecular_function + GO:0008514 + organic anion transmembrane transporter activity - + - Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. - GO:0007585 - - - - - apparatus respiratorius organ - OBOL:automatic + Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai - - - organ of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + + + Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 + Growing HA is extruded from the cell by ABCC5 - - - organ of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + + + Reactome:R-HSA-561041 + OAT1-3 transport organic anions with antiport of dicarboxylic acids - - - respiratory system organ - OBOL:automatic + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9794830 + SLC22A8 transports Cipro into renal cell - + - - + + + - - + - - + + - + - - + - - + + + + + + - A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - UBERON:0000324 - UBERON:0007550 - AEO:0000184 - BTO:0000491 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 - ENVO:02000022 - FMA:9674 - galen:Excretion - excreted substance - portion of excreted substance - waste substance - uberon - excretion - UBERON:0000174 - excreta + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. + + biological_process + hypodermis development + GO:0008544 + epidermis development - + - A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - - GO:0007588 - - - - - portion of excreted substance - FMA:9674 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. + GOC:go_curators + UBERON:0001003 - - - waste substance - AEO:0000184 - - - + - excretion - BTO:0000491 + hypodermis development + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - - A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. - This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. - - A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] - - - - - AAO:0000046 - BTO:0000089 - CALOHA:TS-0079 - EFO:0000296 - EHDAA2:0000176 - EHDAA:418 - EMAPA:16332 - ENVO:02000027 - EV:0100047 - FMA:9670 - GAID:965 - MA:0000059 - MESH:D001769 - MIAA:0000315 - NCIT:C12434 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000007 - UMLS:C0005767 - VHOG:0000224 - XAO:0000124 - ZFA:0000007 - galen:Blood - portion of blood - vertebrate blood - uberon - whole blood - UBERON:0000178 - - - - - - blood + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + + GO:0061039 + biological_process + ovarian development + ovary development + GO:0008585 + female gonad development - - - - - - - - - CL:tm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - + - A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. - - - - FMA:9670 - - - - - A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000007 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000046 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000046 - AAO + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - - - Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000224 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) - - - - - UMLS:C0005767 - ncithesaurus:Blood + + + ovarian development + GOC:sl - + - whole blood - BTO:0000089 + ovary development + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. - - 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z - CARO:0000081 - uberon - blood or blood analog - circulating fluid - UBERON:0000179 - haemolymphatic fluid + The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + biological_process + photoreceptor development + GO:0008594 + photoreceptor cell morphogenesis - + - Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. - + The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:jid + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. - fused in humans, paired in other animals - In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993). - - - - AAO:0000206 - EMAPA:19016 - FMA:52734 - GAID:226 - MA:0001466 - MESH:D005624 - NCIT:C32635 - UMLS:C0016732 - VHOG:0001324 - VSAO:0000208 - frontal - frontal bone - os frontal - uberon - os frontale - UBERON:0000209 - - tetrapod frontal bone - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray136.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Frontal_bone.png + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + lipid anabolism + lipid biosynthesis + lipid formation + lipid synthesis + lipogenesis + biological_process + GO:0008610 + lipid biosynthetic process - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. - - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000107 - - - - - UMLS:C0016732 - ncithesaurus:Frontal_Bone - - - - - frontal - AAO:0000206 - - - - - frontal bone - FMA:52734 - MA:0001466 - - - - - - frontal bone - FMA:52734 - MA:0001466 - - - - - - os frontal - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + GOC:go_curators - - - os frontale - - + + + lipogenesis + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - - FMA:24293 - vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 1 - uberon - UBERON:0000219 - vertebral foramen of atlas + The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + GO:0006861 + GO:0008644 + sugar transport + biological_process + GO:0008643 + + + carbohydrate transport + + + + The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + GOC:ai + - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. - - - - FMA:24939 - MESH:D001269 - NCIT:C32158 - UMLS:C0004169 - ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto - articulatio atlanto-occipitalis - atlanto occipital joint - atlantooccipital joint - craniovertebral joint - occipito atlantal joint - occipito-atlantal joint - uberon - articulatio atlantooccipitalis - UBERON:0000220 - atlanto-occipital joint - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png + The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + bf + 2010-04-08T10:27:23Z + GO:0008646 + GO:0008647 + GO:0035428 + high-affinity hexose transport + low-affinity hexose transport + biological_process + hexose membrane transport + hexose transport + GO:0008645 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + hexose transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - FMA-abduced-lr - - - + - The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. - - - - - - UMLS:C0004169 - ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint - - - - - articulatio atlanto-occipitalis - FMA:24939 - - - - - craniovertebral joint - FMA:24939 - - - - - articulatio atlantooccipitalis - - + The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. - TODO - add layer relations. 'tendon sheath' GAT in FMA. - - - - BTO:0000051 - FMA:45087 - FMA:76715 - NCIT:C96299 - UMLS:C0224856 - synovial tendon sheath - uberon - vagina tendinis - UBERON:0000304 - tendon sheath + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 + Wikipedia:Amino_acid_synthesis + amino acid anabolism + amino acid biosynthesis + amino acid formation + amino acid synthesis + cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0008652 + amino acid biosynthetic process - + - A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. - - - - - - UMLS:C0224856 - ncithesaurus:Tendon_Sheath - - - - - synovial tendon sheath - FMA:45087 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. + jl + 2012-10-17T15:52:35Z + GO:0044243 + GO:0044712 + Wikipedia:Catabolism + breakdown + catabolism + degradation + multicellular organismal catabolic process + biological_process + single-organism catabolic process + GO:0009056 + + + + catabolic process + - - - vagina tendinis - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. + ISBN:0198547684 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. - TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula - UBERON:0007011 - - BILA:0000059 - BTO:0000128 - GAID:1294 - MESH:D036703 - OGEM:000006 - OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg - blastula embryo - uberon - blastosphere - UBERON:0000307 - - blastula - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GO:0043285 + GO:0044266 + biopolymer catabolic process + macromolecule breakdown + macromolecule catabolism + macromolecule degradation + multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process + biological_process + cellular macromolecule catabolic process + cellular macromolecule catabolism + cellular macromolecule degradation + GO:0009057 + + macromolecule catabolic process - + - Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:mah - + - blastula embryo - BILA:0000059 + biopolymer catabolic process + GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. + jl + 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z + GO:0044274 + GO:0044711 + formation + Wikipedia:Anabolism + anabolism + biosynthesis + synthesis + multicellular organismal biosynthetic process + biological_process + single-organism biosynthetic process + GO:0009058 + + + + biosynthetic process + - - - blastosphere - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. + GOC:curators + ISBN:0198547684 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. - - UBERON:0003347 - UBERON:0004981 - - BTO:0000271 - CALOHA:TS-0164 - EFO:0003038 - EMAPA:27375 - FMA:14984 - FMA:85388 - MA:0003194 - colon mucosa - colon mucous membrane - colonic mucosa - colonic mucous membrane - large bowel mucosa - mucosa of colon - mucosa of large bowel - uberon - UBERON:0000317 - - - colonic mucosa + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15249 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25418 + GO:0043284 + biopolymer biosynthetic process + macromolecule anabolism + macromolecule biosynthesis + macromolecule formation + macromolecule synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009059 + + macromolecule biosynthetic process - + - Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. - - - - - - colon mucosa - FMA:14984 - - - - - colon mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colonic mucous membrane - FMA:14984 - - - - - large bowel mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of colon - FMA:14984 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:mah - + - mucosa of large bowel - OBOL:automatic + biopolymer biosynthetic process + GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - - UBERON:0003348 - - BTO:0000367 - CALOHA:TS-0213 - EMAPA:27235 - FMA:14942 - MA:0003207 - doudenal mucosa - duodenal mucous membrane - mucosa of duodenum - mucous membrane of duodenum - uberon - duodenum mucosa - UBERON:0000320 - - duodenal mucosa + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 + amino acid breakdown + amino acid catabolism + amino acid degradation + cellular amino acid catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009063 + amino acid catabolic process - + - A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - doudenal mucosa - FMA:14942 - - - - - duodenal mucous membrane - FMA:14942 - - - - - mucosa of duodenum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of duodenum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - duodenum mucosa - BTO:0000367 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. + GOC:ai - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. - BTO:0000503 - EMAPA:27181 - FMA:14919 - uberon - UBERON:0000325 - - - gastric gland + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + glycoprotein metabolism + biological_process + GO:0009100 + + glycoprotein metabolic process - - - - cjm - - - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - + - The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. - MGI:anna + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. - BTO:0000504 - CALOHA:TS-2235 - FMA:62973 - GAID:1166 - MESH:D010189 - uberon - pancreatic fluid - pancreatic secretion - succus pancreaticus - UBERON:0000326 - pancreatic juice + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + glycoprotein anabolism + glycoprotein biosynthesis + glycoprotein formation + glycoprotein synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009101 + glycoprotein biosynthetic process - + - Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. - GO:0030157 - - - - - succus pancreaticus - BTO:0000504 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). - We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. - BTO:0000547 - FMA:45653 - digestive tract wall - wall of digestive tract - wall of gut - uberon - wall of alimentary tract - UBERON:0000328 - gut wall + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. + nucleobase metabolism + biological_process + GO:0009112 + nucleobase metabolic process - + - The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). - - - - - - wall of gut - FMA:45653 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. + GOC:ma - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + glucan anabolism + glucan biosynthesis + glucan formation + glucan synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009250 + glucan biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. - - - BTO:0000635 - FMA:74596 - medulla ossium flava - yellow marrow - uberon - fat marrow - UBERON:0000332 - yellow bone marrow + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + glucan breakdown + glucan catabolism + glucan degradation + biological_process + GO:0009251 + glucan catabolic process - + - Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. - - - - - - medulla ossium flava - BTO:0000635 - - - - - - yellow marrow - BTO:0000635 - - - - - fat marrow - BTO:0000635 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. - Note that some sources treat 'intestinal gland' as synonymous with crypts - - BTO:0000640 - FMA:15052 - bowel mucosa gland - bowel mucosa of organ gland - bowel mucous membrane gland - bowel organ mucosa gland - gland of bowel mucosa - gland of bowel mucosa of organ - gland of bowel mucous membrane - gland of bowel organ mucosa - gland of intestinal mucosa - gland of intestine mucosa - gland of intestine mucosa of organ - gland of intestine mucous membrane - gland of intestine organ mucosa - gland of mucosa of bowel - gland of mucosa of intestine - gland of mucosa of organ of bowel - gland of mucosa of organ of intestine - gland of mucous membrane of bowel - gland of mucous membrane of intestine - gland of organ mucosa of bowel - gland of organ mucosa of intestine - glandula intestinalis - intestinal mucosa gland - intestine mucosa gland - intestine mucosa of organ gland - intestine mucous membrane gland - intestine organ mucosa gland - mucosa of bowel gland - mucosa of intestine gland - mucosa of organ of bowel gland - mucosa of organ of intestine gland - mucous membrane of bowel gland - mucous membrane of intestine gland - organ mucosa of bowel gland - organ mucosa of intestine gland - uberon - glandulae intestinales - UBERON:0000333 - - intestinal gland + The controlled release of proteins from a cell. + GO:0045166 + GO:0045731 + glycoprotein secretion + protein secretion during cell fate commitment + protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment + biological_process + GO:0009306 + protein secretion - + - A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. - - - - - - bowel mucosa gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel mucosa of organ gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel mucous membrane gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel organ mucosa gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of bowel mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of bowel mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of bowel mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of bowel organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of intestinal mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of intestine mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of intestine mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of intestine mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of intestine organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucosa of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucosa of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucosa of organ of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucosa of organ of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucous membrane of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of mucous membrane of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of organ mucosa of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of organ mucosa of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - glandula intestinalis - FMA:15052 - - - - - intestinal mucosa gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine mucosa gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine mucosa of organ gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine mucous membrane gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine organ mucosa gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bowel gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of intestine gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bowel gland - OBOL:automatic + The controlled release of proteins from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + jl + 2009-07-15T11:55:44Z + GO:0044106 + amine metabolism + cellular amine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009308 + + + amine metabolic process + - - - mucosa of organ of intestine gland - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + amine anabolism + amine biosynthesis + amine formation + amine synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009309 + amine biosynthetic process + - - - mucous membrane of bowel gland - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + amine breakdown + amine catabolism + amine degradation + biological_process + GO:0009310 + amine catabolic process + - - - mucous membrane of intestine gland - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. + response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus + response to radiation stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009314 + Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. + response to radiation + - - - organ mucosa of bowel gland - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. + GOC:jl + Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. + biological_process + GO:0009416 + + response to light stimulus + - - - organ mucosa of intestine gland - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0582227089 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. - - mucosal - FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately - - - - AEO:0000199 - BTO:0000886 - CALOHA:TS-2031 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 - EV:0100382 - FMA:85355 - FMA:85358 - GAID:297 - MESH:D009092 - NCIT:C13166 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0026724 - galen:Mucosa - mucosa of organ - mucosa of organ part - mucosal region - mucous membrane - organ mucosa - uberon - region of mucosa - tunica mucosa - UBERON:0000344 - - mucosa - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20176 + Wikipedia:Fertilisation + syngamy + biological_process + GO:0009566 + fertilization - + - A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. - - - - - - FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0026724 - ncithesaurus:Mucosa - - - - - mucosa of organ - FMA:85355 - - - - - mucosa of organ part - FMA:85358 - - - - - mucosal region - FMA:85358 - - - - - mucous membrane - FMA:85355 + The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + GOC:tb + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + biological_process + perception of external stimulus + GO:0009581 + detection of external stimulus + - - - organ mucosa - FMA:85355 + + + The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + + The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + biological_process + perception of abiotic stimulus + GO:0009582 + detection of abiotic stimulus + - - - region of mucosa - FMA:85358 + + + The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + + + The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. + detection of light + biological_process + perception of light + GO:0009583 + detection of light stimulus + - - - tunica mucosa - - + + + The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. + biological_process + perception of visible light + GO:0009584 + detection of visible light + - - - tunica mucosa - BTO:0000886 + + + The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. - parenchymal - Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin - the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated - - - EHDAA:3015 - EHDAA:3905 - EHDAA:3999 - EHDAA:4005 - EHDAA:6899 - EHDAA:6903 - EHDAA:6994 - EHDAA:8086 - EHDAA:9182 - EHDAA:9190 - EHDAA:9196 - EHDAA:9202 - FMA:45732 - NCIT:C74601 - UMLS:C0933845 - uberon - UBERON:0000353 - parenchyma + The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + chemoperception + detection of chemical substance + biological_process + chemoreception + perception of chemical stimulus + perception of chemical substance + GO:0009593 + detection of chemical stimulus - + - Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. - - - - - - Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin - WP + The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. + response to environmental stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009605 + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to external stimulus + - - - the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated - FMA + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. + response to biotic stress + biological_process + GO:0009607 + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to biotic stimulus + - - - UMLS:C0933845 - ncithesaurus:Parenchyma + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. + GOC:hb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - UBERON:0003344 - - BTO:0001047 - EMAPA:26957 - FMA:55031 - MA:0003143 - mucosa of organ of pharynx - mucosa of pharynx - mucous membrane of pharynx - organ mucosa of pharynx - pharynx mucosa - pharynx mucosa of organ - pharynx mucous membrane - pharynx organ mucosa - tunica mucosa pharyngea - tunica mucosa pharyngis - uberon - mucous membrane of the pharynx - UBERON:0000355 - pharyngeal mucosa + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. + GO:0009618 + GO:0009680 + response to bacteria + biological_process + GO:0009617 + response to bacterium - + - A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of pharynx - FMA:55031 - - - - - mucous membrane of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus. + GO:0009621 + response to fungi + biological_process + GO:0009620 + response to fungus + - - - pharynx organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572 + response to abiotic stress + biological_process + GO:0009628 + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to abiotic stimulus + - - - tunica mucosa pharyngea - FMA:55031 - FMA:TA - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. + GOC:hb + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. + detoxification response + biological_process + toxin resistance + toxin susceptibility/resistance + GO:0009636 + + response to toxic substance + - - - mucous membrane of the pharynx - BTO:0001047 + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. + GOC:lr - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. + embryogenesis and morphogenesis + Wikipedia:Morphogenesis + anatomical structure organization + morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0009653 + anatomical structure morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0521436125 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. + biological_process + catechol metabolic process + catechol metabolism + GO:0009712 + catechol-containing compound metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. + GOC:sm + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. - Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm) - - - - BTO:0001099 - CALOHA:TS-0076 - EFO:0000295 - EMAPA:36035 - EV:0100394 - FMA:83041 - GAID:1153 - MESH:D001755 - NCIT:C13739 - UMLS:C1281743 - uberon - blastocystis - blastula - UBERON:0000358 - - blastocyst - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. + biological_process + catechol anabolism + catechol biosynthesis + catechol biosynthetic process + catechol formation + catechol synthesis + GO:0009713 + catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process - + - The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. - - GO:0001824 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. + biological_process + GO:0009719 + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to endogenous stimulus + - - - UMLS:C1281743 - ncithesaurus:Blastocyst + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. + GOC:sm + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. + response to hormone stimulus + biological_process + growth regulator + GO:0009725 + response to hormone + - - - blastocystis - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. + GOC:jl - - - blastula - FMA:83041 + + + response to hormone stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. - - - BTO:0001160 - FMA:74595 - medulla ossium rubra - parenchymal red marrow - red marrow - uberon - parenchyma of none marrow marrow - UBERON:0000361 - red bone marrow + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. + response to carbohydrate stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009743 + response to carbohydrate - + - The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. - + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. + GOC:jl - + - medulla ossium rubra - BTO:0001160 - + response to carbohydrate stimulus + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus. + response to hexose stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009746 + response to hexose + - - - parenchymal red marrow - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus. + GOC:jl - + - red marrow - BTO:0001160 - - - - - parenchyma of none marrow marrow - + response to hexose stimulus + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. - - Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] - relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] - - - AAO:0010670 - BTO:0001378 - EHDAA2:0002087 - EMAPA:17799 - FMA:52724 - GAID:836 - MA:0001103 - MESH:D008442 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0001346 - maxillary division [V2] - maxillary division [Vb] - maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve - maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) - maxillary nerve [V2] - maxillary nerve [Vb] - nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) - nervus maxillaris [v2] - nervus maxillaris [vb] - ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) - second division of fifth cranial nerve - second division of trigeminal nerve - trigeminal V nerve maxillary division - uberon - n. maxillaris - nervus maxillaris - trigeminal nerve maxillary division - UBERON:0000377 - - - maxillary nerve - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. + response to glucose stimulus + biological_process + GO:0009749 + response to glucose - + - The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. - - MP:0009799 - - - - - Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010670 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010670 - AAO - - - - - maxillary division [V2] - FMA:52724 - - - - - maxillary division [Vb] - FMA:52724 - - - - - maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve - FMA:52724 - - - - - maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) - FMA:52724 - - - - - maxillary nerve [V2] - FMA:52724 - - - - - maxillary nerve [Vb] - FMA:52724 - - - - - nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) - FMA:52724 - - - - - nervus maxillaris [v2] - FMA:52724 - FMA:TA - - - - - - nervus maxillaris [vb] - FMA:52724 - FMA:TA - - - - - - ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) - AAO:0010670 - - - - - second division of fifth cranial nerve - FMA:52724 - - - - - second division of trigeminal nerve - FMA:52724 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. + GOC:jl - + - trigeminal V nerve maxillary division - MA:0001103 - - - - - n. maxillaris - - - - - - - nervus maxillaris - BTO:0001378 - - - - - trigeminal nerve maxillary division - EMAPA:17799 + response to glucose stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. - - BTO:0001390 - FMA:7471 - mucosa of organ of trachea - mucosa of organ of windpipe - mucosa of trachea - mucosa of windpipe - mucous membrane of trachea - mucous membrane of windpipe - organ mucosa of trachea - organ mucosa of windpipe - trachea mucosa - trachea mucosa of organ - trachea mucous membrane - trachea organ mucosa - tracheal mucous membrane - tunica mucosa (tracheae) - tunica mucosa tracheae - windpipe mucosa - windpipe mucosa of organ - windpipe mucous membrane - windpipe organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0000379 - tracheal mucosa + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + biological_process + GO:0009786 + regulation of asymmetric cell division - + - A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of trachea - FMA:7471 - - - - - mucous membrane of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tracheal mucous membrane - FMA:7471 - - - - - tunica mucosa (tracheae) - FMA:7471 - - - - - tunica mucosa tracheae - FMA:7471 - FMA:TA - - - - - - windpipe mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + GOC:lr - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. - consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 - - Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] - we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA - AAO:0000307 - BILA:0000088 - BTO:0001369 - BTO:0001485 - EFO:0000801 - EMAPA:35578 - FBbt:00005069 - FMA:72954 - MA:0002888 - MAT:0000025 - MIAA:0000025 - VSAO:0000033 - XAO:0004042 - muscle system - muscle system of body - muscular system - musculature system - set of all muscles - set of muscles of body - vertebrate muscular system - uberon - muskelsystem - UBERON:0000383 - - - musculature of body + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. + GO:0009795 + embryogenesis and morphogenesis + Wikipedia:Embryogenesis + embryogenesis + embryonal development + biological_process + GO:0009790 + + + + embryo development - + - The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. - VSAO:0000033 - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000033 - VSAO - VSAO:curator - - - - - we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA - MA - - - - - muscular system - FMA:72954 - - - - - musculature system - BILA:0000088 - - - - - set of all muscles - FMA:72954 - - - - - set of muscles of body - FMA:72954 - - - - - vertebrate muscular system - BTO:0001369 - - - - - muskelsystem - BTO:0001485 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. + biological_process + GO:0009791 + + post-embryonic development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. - - - BTO:0001632 - CALOHA:TS-0542 - FMA:58970 - MESH:D007904 - cortex of lens - uberon - UBERON:0000389 - - lens cortex + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. + embryogenesis + biological_process + GO:0009792 + embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching - + - Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. - - - - - - cortex of lens - FMA:58970 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. - - - BTO:0001633 - FMA:58971 - MESH:D007907 - nucleus of lens - uberon - UBERON:0000390 - - lens nucleus + The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + alkaloid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0009820 + + alkaloid metabolic process - + - The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. - BTO:0001633 - - - - - nucleus of lens - FMA:58971 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + GOC:lr + ISBN:0122146743 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - - Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] - - BTO:0001709 - CALOHA:TS-0163 - EMAPA:18941 - FMA:17302 - MA:0003195 - TAO:0005128 - ZFA:0005128 - colon epithelial tissue - colon epithelium - epithelial tissue of colon - epithelial tissue of large bowel - epithelium of colon - epithelium of large bowel - large bowel epithelial tissue - large bowel epithelium - posterior intestine epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0000397 - - - colonic epithelium + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0711 + alkaloid anabolism + alkaloid biosynthesis + alkaloid formation + alkaloid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009821 + alkaloid biosynthetic process - + - An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005128 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - colon epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colon epithelium - FMA:17302 - - - - - colon epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of large bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of large bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large bowel epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large bowel epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - posterior intestine epithelium - ZFA:0005128 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + GOC:lr + ISBN:0122146743 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. - glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. - - BTO:0001837 - EMAPA:37950 - FMA:62889 - uberon - UBERON:0000409 - - - serous gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + alkaloid breakdown + alkaloid catabolism + alkaloid degradation + biological_process + GO:0009822 + alkaloid catabolic process - + - A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. - - - - - - - glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. - MP:0008052 - - - - - EMAPA:37950 - MA:th + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). + GOC:lr + ISBN:0122146743 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0001846 - FMA:62652 - bronchi mucosa - bronchi mucosa of organ - bronchi mucous membrane - bronchi organ mucosa - bronchial trunk mucosa - bronchial trunk mucosa of organ - bronchial trunk mucous membrane - bronchial trunk organ mucosa - bronchus mucosa - bronchus mucosa of organ - bronchus mucous membrane - bronchus organ mucosa - mucosa of bronchi - mucosa of bronchial trunk - mucosa of bronchus - mucosa of organ of bronchi - mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk - mucosa of organ of bronchus - mucous membrane of bronchi - mucous membrane of bronchial trunk - mucous membrane of bronchus - organ mucosa of bronchi - organ mucosa of bronchial trunk - organ mucosa of bronchus - tunica mucosa bronchi - uberon - UBERON:0000410 - bronchial mucosa + + + + + + + Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + histogenesis and organogenesis + biological_process + GO:0009887 + animal organ morphogenesis - + - A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchus - FMA:62652 - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa bronchi - FMA:62652 - FMA:TA - + Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:dgh + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0471245208 + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. - In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] - - AAO:0010601 - BTO:0001979 - EMAPA:37913 - FMA:62888 - glandula mucosa - uberon - muciparous gland - mucous secreting gland - mucus gland - mucus-secreting gland - UBERON:0000414 - - mucous gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + + + + + + histogenesis and organogenesis + Wikipedia:Histogenesis + histogenesis + biological_process + GO:0009888 + tissue development - + - A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. - - - - - - - In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] - NCBITaxon:8292 - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - EMAPA:37913 - MA:th - - - - - glandula mucosa - - - - - - - muciparous gland - BTO:0001979 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + ISBN:0471245208 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0002009 - FMA:14155 - galen:ArterialWall - arterial wall - wall of artery - uberon - UBERON:0000415 - artery wall + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + regulation of anabolism + regulation of biosynthesis + regulation of formation + regulation of synthesis + biological_process + GO:0009889 + regulation of biosynthetic process - + - An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - arterial wall - FMA:14155 - - - - - wall of artery - FMA:14155 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. - trabecular - - BTO:0002501 - FMA:85273 - trabeculae - uberon - UBERON:0000440 - - - trabecula + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + down regulation of biosynthetic process + down-regulation of biosynthetic process + downregulation of biosynthetic process + negative regulation of anabolism + negative regulation of biosynthesis + negative regulation of formation + negative regulation of synthesis + inhibition of biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0009890 + negative regulation of biosynthetic process - + - A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. - - GO:0060343 - - - - - trabeculae - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. - BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions - UBERON:0006540 - secretion - - AEO:0001005 - BTO:0002977 - BTO:0002979 - EMAPA:36535 - FMA:9675 - MA:0002504 - MESH:D012634 - NCIT:C34062 - UMLS:C1516992 - galen:Secretion - bodily secretion - exocrine gland fluid/secretion - secreted substance - uberon - exocrine gland fluid - exocrine gland fluid or secretion - exocrine gland secretion - external secretion - UBERON:0000456 - secretion of exocrine gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + positive regulation of anabolism + positive regulation of biosynthesis + positive regulation of formation + positive regulation of synthesis + up regulation of biosynthetic process + up-regulation of biosynthetic process + upregulation of biosynthetic process + activation of biosynthetic process + stimulation of biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0009891 + positive regulation of biosynthetic process - + - A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. - - - - - - BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions - BTO - - - - - secretion - FMA:9675 - - - - - UMLS:C1516992 - ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion - - - - - bodily secretion - MESH:D012634 - - - - - exocrine gland fluid/secretion - MA:0002504 - - - - - external secretion - BTO:0002977 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GO:0044252 + down regulation of metabolic process + down-regulation of metabolic process + downregulation of metabolic process + negative regulation of metabolism + negative regulation of organismal metabolism + inhibition of metabolic process + inhibition of organismal metabolic process + negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009892 + negative regulation of metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. - AAO:0010839 - AEO:0000004 - BILA:0000004 - CALOHA:TS-2101 - CARO:0000004 - EHDAA2:0003004 - EMAPA:35178 - FBbt:00007019 - FMA:9669 - HAO:0000004 - MA:0002450 - NCIT:C13236 - SPD:0000008 - TAO:0001487 - TGMA:0001824 - VHOG:0001726 - XAO:0004001 - ZFA:0001487 - galen:BodySubstance - body fluid or substance - body substance - organism substance - portion of body substance - portion of organism substance - uberon - UBERON:0000463 - - - organism substance + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GO:0044253 + positive regulation of metabolism + up regulation of metabolic process + up-regulation of metabolic process + upregulation of metabolic process + activation of metabolic process + positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process + positive regulation of organismal metabolism + stimulation of metabolic process + stimulation of organismal metabolic process + up-regulation of organismal metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009893 + positive regulation of metabolic process - - - - - - - - - this relationship may be too strong and may be weakened in future - - - + - Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. - - - - - - body fluid or substance - MA:0002450 - - - - - body substance - FMA:9669 - - - - - organism substance - CARO:0000004 - - - - - portion of body substance - FMA:9669 - - - - - portion of organism substance - ZFA:0001487 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. - lumen - space - - AAO:0010110 - AEO:0000005 - BILA:0000005 - CARO:0000005 - EHDAA2:0003005 - FBbt:00007017 - FMA:5897 - HAO:0000005 - NCIT:C94478 - TAO:0001668 - TGMA:0001825 - UMLS:C0524461 - VHOG:0001728 - XAO:0003190 - ZFA:0001643 - lumen space - uberon - anatomical spaces - UBERON:0000464 - - anatomical space + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + regulation of breakdown + regulation of catabolism + regulation of degradation + biological_process + GO:0009894 + regulation of catabolic process - + - Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. - - - - - - UMLS:C0524461 - ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space - - - - - anatomical spaces - ZFA:0001643 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - Anatomical entity that has mass. - AAO:0010264 - AEO:0000006 - BILA:0000006 - CARO:0000006 - EHDAA2:0003006 - FBbt:00007016 - FMA:67165 - HAO:0000006 - TAO:0001836 - TGMA:0001826 - VHOG:0001721 - uberon - UBERON:0000465 - - material anatomical entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + down regulation of catabolic process + down-regulation of catabolic process + downregulation of catabolic process + negative regulation of breakdown + negative regulation of catabolism + negative regulation of degradation + inhibition of catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009895 + negative regulation of catabolic process - + - Anatomical entity that has mass. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - Anatomical entity that has no mass. - AAO:0010265 - AEO:0000007 - BILA:0000007 - CARO:0000007 - EHDAA2:0003007 - FBbt:00007015 - FMA:67112 - HAO:0000007 - TAO:0001835 - TGMA:0001827 - VHOG:0001727 - immaterial physical anatomical entity - uberon - UBERON:0000466 - - immaterial anatomical entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + positive regulation of breakdown + positive regulation of catabolism + positive regulation of degradation + up regulation of catabolic process + up-regulation of catabolic process + upregulation of catabolic process + activation of catabolic process + stimulation of catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0009896 + positive regulation of catabolic process - + - Anatomical entity that has no mass. - - - - - - immaterial physical anatomical entity - FMA:67112 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. - system - - - - AAO:0000007 - AEO:0000011 - BILA:0000011 - BIRNLEX:14 - BSA:0000049 - CALOHA:TS-2088 - CARO:0000011 - EHDAA2:0003011 - EHDAA:392 - EMAPA:16103 - EV:0100000 - FBbt:00004856 - FMA:7149 - HAO:0000011 - MA:0000003 - NCIT:C12919 - OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ - TAO:0001439 - TGMA:0001831 - UMLS:C0460002 - VHOG:0001725 - WBbt:0005746 - WBbt:0005763 - XAO:0003002 - ZFA:0001439 - galen:AnatomicalSystem - body system - connected anatomical system - organ system - uberon - anatomical systems - UBERON:0000467 - - - - anatomical system - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. + GO:0043355 + biological_process + hypodermal cell differentiation + GO:0009913 + epidermal cell differentiation - + - Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. - CARO:0000011 - - - - - system - GO:0048731 - - - - - UMLS:C0460002 - ncithesaurus:Organ_System - - - - - body system - BIRNLEX:14 - - - - - connected anatomical system - CARO:0000011 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb - + - anatomical systems - ZFA:0001439 - + hypodermal cell differentiation + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. - TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage - organismal - organism - - - AAO:0010026 - AEO:0000191 - BILA:0000012 - BIRNLEX:18 - BSA:0000038 - BTO:0000042 - CARO:0000012 - EFO:0002906 - EHDAA2:0003103 - EHDAA2:0003191 - EHDAA:1 - EMAPA:25765 - EV:0100016 - FBbt:00000001 - FMA:256135 - HAO:0000012 - NCIT:C13041 - TADS:0000001 - TAO:0001094 - TGMA:0001832 - VHOG:0000671 - WBbt:0007833 - XAO:0003004 - ZFA:0001094 - galen:Organism - ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism - multi-cellular organism - uberon - Koerper - body - whole body - whole organism - UBERON:0000468 - - - - - multicellular organism + + + The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0009914 + + hormone transport - + - Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. - - - CARO:0000012 - - - - - organism - FBbt:00000001 - VHOG:0000671 - WBbt:0007833 - - - - - multi-cellular organism - CARO:0000012 - - - - - Koerper - BTO:0001489 - - - - - body - AEO:0000103 - BIRNLEX:18 - FMA:256135 - NCIT:C13041 - - - - - whole body - BTO:0001489 + The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. + biological_process + anterior/posterior pattern formation + GO:0009952 + anterior/posterior pattern specification + - - - whole organism - FBbt:00000001 + + + The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. - this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future - AAO:0010017 - AEO:0000019 - BILA:0000019 - CARO:0000019 - EHDAA2:0003019 - HAO:0000019 - TAO:0001489 - TGMA:0001835 - XAO:0003039 - ZFA:0001489 - uberon - compound organ components - UBERON:0000471 - - compound organ component + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GO:0035466 + biological_process + regulation of signaling pathway + regulation of signalling pathway + GO:0009966 + regulation of signal transduction - + - Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. - - CARO:0000019 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GOC:sm - + - compound organ components - ZFA:0001489 - + regulation of signalling pathway + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. - By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - - - - BTO:0000083 - CALOHA:TS-1303 - EFO:0000969 - EHDAA2:0000506 - EHDAA:8116 - EMAPA:17959 - EV:0100110 - FBbt:00004864 - FMA:45663 - GAID:364 - HAO:0000324 - MA:0000381 - MESH:D005836 - MIAA:0000028 - NCIT:C12402 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TGMA:0000635 - UMLS:C0700038 - VHOG:0000726 - WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system - XAO:0000156 - female organism genitalia - female organism reproductive system - genitalia of female organism - reproductive system of female organism - uberon - female genital system - female genital tract - female genitalia - female genitals - female reproductive tract - gynaecological tissue - systema genitale femininum - UBERON:0000474 - - - - female reproductive system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GO:0035468 + up regulation of signal transduction + up-regulation of signal transduction + upregulation of signal transduction + activation of signal transduction + stimulation of signal transduction + biological_process + positive regulation of signaling pathway + positive regulation of signalling pathway + GO:0009967 + positive regulation of signal transduction - + - The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. - - - MP:0001119 - - - - - By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000726 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0792383369 Lombardi J, Comparative vertebrate reproduction (1998) p.43 - - - - - UMLS:C0700038 - ncithesaurus:Female_Reproductive_System - - - - - female organism genitalia - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - genitalia of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - reproductive system of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female genitals - XAO:0000156 - - - - - - female reproductive tract - MA:0000381 - - - - - gynaecological tissue - BTO:0000083 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GOC:sm - + - systema genitale femininum - BTO:0000083 + positive regulation of signalling pathway + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. - Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency - - - AAO:0010053 - AEO:0000032 - BILA:0000032 - BIRNLEX:7 - CALOHA:TS-2084 - CARO:0000032 - EFO:0000808 - EHDAA2:0003032 - EMAPA:36031 - FBbt:00007009 - FMA:7153 - HAO:0000032 - MA:0002433 - MAT:0000293 - MESH:D001829 - MIAA:0000293 - NCIT:C32221 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001308 - TGMA:0001840 - UMLS:C0229962 - VHOG:0001758 - XAO:0003013 - ZFA:0001308 - galen:BodyPart - anatomic region - uberon - body part - body region - cardinal body part - UBERON:0000475 - - - - - organism subdivision + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GO:0035467 + down regulation of signal transduction + down-regulation of signal transduction + downregulation of signal transduction + inhibition of signal transduction + biological_process + negative regulation of signaling pathway + negative regulation of signalling pathway + GO:0009968 + negative regulation of signal transduction - - - - CARO - - - + - Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. - - CARO:0000032 - CARO:DOS - - - - - UMLS:C0229962 - ncithesaurus:Body_Part - - - - - anatomic region - MA:0002433 - - - - - body region - FMA:7153 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. + GOC:sm - + - cardinal body part - FMA:7153 + negative regulation of signalling pathway + GOC:mah - + - - - - Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. - AAO:0010268 - AEO:0000040 - BILA:0000040 - CARO:0000040 - EHDAA2:0003040 - FBbt:00007013 - FMA:63863 - HAO:0000040 - TAO:0000382 - TGMA:0001841 - XAO:0003162 - ZFA:0000382 - uberon - acellular anatomical structures - UBERON:0000476 - - acellular anatomical structure + + + Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + jl + 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z + GO:0008151 + GO:0044763 + GO:0050875 + cell physiology + cellular physiological process + cell growth and/or maintenance + biological_process + single-organism cellular process + GO:0009987 + + + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. + cellular process - - - - CARO - - - + - Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. - - - - - - acellular anatomical structures - ZFA:0000382 - + Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete - + - - - Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. - Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] - AAO:0010009 - AEO:0000041 - BILA:0000041 - CARO:0000041 - EHDAA2:0003041 - FBbt:00007277 - FMA:49443 - HAO:0000041 - TADS:0000605 - TAO:0001478 - TGMA:0001842 - VHOG:0001737 - XAO:0003160 - ZFA:0001478 - uberon - UBERON:0000477 - - anatomical cluster + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. + oocyte cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0009994 + oocyte differentiation - + - Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. - - - AAO:0010020 - AEO:0000042 - BILA:0000042 - CALOHA:TS-2119 - CARO:0000042 - EHDAA2:0003042 - EHDAA:46 - FBbt:00005835 - FMA:85537 - HAO:0000042 - NCIT:C34055 - TAO:0000020 - TGMA:0001843 - UMLS:C1282438 - VHOG:0000292 - XAO:0004005 - ZFA:0000020 - extra-embryonic structure - uberon - extraembryonic structures - extraembryonic tissue - UBERON:0000478 - - - - see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. - extraembryonic structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. + GO:0007404 + GO:0043360 + glia cell differentiation + neuroglia differentiation + biological_process + GO:0010001 + glial cell differentiation - + - A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. - - - CARO:DOS + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + cardiac precursor cell differentiation + cardioblast cell differentiation + biological_process + cardiomyocyte generation + GO:0010002 + cardioblast differentiation + - - - UMLS:C1282438 - ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Structure + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + GOC:go_curators - - - extraembryonic structures - ZFA:0000020 - + + + cardiac precursor cell differentiation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. - changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 - - AAO:0000607 - AAO:0010054 - AEO:0000043 - BILA:0000043 - BIRNLEX:19 - CALOHA:TS-2090 - CARO:0000043 - EHDAA2:0003043 - EMAPA:35868 - FBbt:00007003 - FMA:9637 - HAO:0000043 - MA:0003002 - MESH:D014024 - NCIT:C12801 - TAO:0001477 - TGMA:0001844 - UMLS:C0040300 - VHOG:0001757 - WBbt:0005729 - XAO:0003040 - ZFA:0001477 - galen:Tissue - portion of tissue - tissue portion - simple tissue - uberon - UBERON:0000479 - - - tissue + Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. + chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0010032 + meiotic chromosome condensation - - - - CARO - - - + - Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. - CARO:0000043 - - - - - UMLS:C0040300 - ncithesaurus:Tissue + Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. + PMID:10072401 - + - portion of tissue - CARO:0000043 - - - - - simple tissue - AEO:0000043 + chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. - AAO:0010048 - AEO:0000055 - BILA:0000055 - CARO:0000055 - EHDAA2:0003055 - FBbt:00007010 - HAO:0000055 - TAO:0001488 - TGMA:0001847 - VHOG:0001762 - XAO:0003037 - ZFA:0001488 - uberon - multi-tissue structures - UBERON:0000481 - - multi-tissue structure + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. + GO:1990367 + process resulting in tolerance to organic substance + biological_process + GO:0010033 + response to organic substance - - - - CARO - - - + - Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. - - CARO:0000055 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. + GOC:sm + PMID:23356676 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0010034 + response to acetate + - - - multi-tissue structures - ZFA:0001488 - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus. + GOC:sm - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0010035 + response to inorganic substance + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. + GOC:sm + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + - + - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. + response to metal + response to heavy metal + biological_process + heavy metal sensitivity/resistance + GO:0010038 + response to metal ion + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. + GOC:sm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials. + biological_process + zygote asymmetric cytokinesis + GO:0010070 + zygote asymmetric cell division + + + + + The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials. + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. - The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] - epithelial - - - - AAO:0000144 - AAO:0010055 - AEO:0000066 - BILA:0000066 - BTO:0000416 - CALOHA:TS-0288 - CARO:0000066 - EHDAA2:0003066 - EMAPA:32738 - FBbt:00007005 - FMA:9639 - GAID:402 - HAO:0000066 - MA:0003060 - MESH:D004848 - NCIT:C12710 - TAO:0001486 - UMLS:C0014609 - VHOG:0000387 - XAO:0003045 - ZFA:0001486 - epithelial tissue - portion of epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0000483 - - - - Editor note: surface epithelium may contain non-epithelial cells, such as melanocytes, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, within the sheet of epithelial cells. Do we consider these part of the epithelium, or located-in it? - epithelium - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg + The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. + GO:0048862 + organ boundary specification + biological_process + GO:0010160 + formation of animal organ boundary - + - Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. - - - - - - - The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000387 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.59 - - - - - UMLS:C0014609 - ncithesaurus:Epithelium - - - - - portion of epithelium - FMA:9639 + The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + PMID:9611175 - + - - - - Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. - needs to be synchronized with CL - there is no distinct cuboidal cell in CL - - - AAO:0010064 - AEO:0000067 - BILA:0000067 - CARO:0000067 - EHDAA2:0003067 - FMA:45566 - HAO:0000067 - NCIT:C33553 - TAO:0001497 - UMLS:C0836134 - XAO:0004009 - ZFA:0001497 - epithelium simplex cuboideum - uberon - simple cuboidal epithelia - UBERON:0000484 - - - simple cuboidal epithelium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Gray1133.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0010171 + body morphogenesis - + - Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0836134 - ncithesaurus:Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium - - - - - simple cuboidal epithelia - ZFA:0001497 - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. + GOC:ems + ISBN:0140512888 - + - - - - Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. - columnar epithelium - columnar epithlium - - - - AAO:0010063 - AEO:0000068 - BILA:0000068 - CARO:0000068 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 - FBbt:00007027 - FMA:45567 - HAO:0000068 - NCIT:C33552 - TAO:0001496 - UMLS:C0836135 - XAO:0004008 - ZFA:0001496 - epithelium simplex columnare - simple columnar epithelium - uberon - simple columnar epithelia - UBERON:0000485 - - - simple columnar epithelium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray1059.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. + response to organic nitrogen + biological_process + GO:0010243 + response to organonitrogen compound - + - Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. - - - FMA:FMA - - - - - columnar epithelium - EHDAA2:0003068 - - - - - columnar epithlium - AEO:0000068 - - - - - UMLS:C0836135 - ncithesaurus:Simple_Columnar_Epithelium - - - - - simple columnar epithelia - ZFA:0001496 - + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. + PMID:9869419 - + - - - Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. - Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] - - - - AAO:0010059 - AEO:0000069 - BILA:0000069 - BTO:0002074 - CARO:0000069 - EHDAA2:0003069 - FMA:45562 - HAO:0000069 - NCIT:C33622 - TAO:0001494 - UMLS:C0682575 - XAO:0004006 - ZFA:0001494 - stratified epithelium - uberon - laminated epithelium - UBERON:0000486 - - - multilaminar epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. + endomembrane organization + endomembrane system organisation + biological_process + GO:0010256 + + endomembrane system organization - + - Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. - - - FMA:FMA - - - - - Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] - 2012-06-20 - CARO:0000069 - CARO - - FMA:45562 - - - - - UMLS:C0682575 - ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. + GOC:mah + GOC:sm - - - laminated epithelium - BTO:0002074 + + + endomembrane system organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. - Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] - - - AAO:0010066 - AEO:0000070 - BILA:0000070 - BTO:0002073 - CARO:0000070 - EHDAA2:0003070 - FMA:45565 - HAO:0000070 - NCIT:C13178 - TAO:0001498 - UMLS:C0836133 - XAO:0004010 - ZFA:0001498 - epithelium simplex squamosum - uberon - simple squamous epithelia - UBERON:0000487 - - - simple squamous epithelium - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + biological_process + GO:0010453 + regulation of cell fate commitment - + - Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. - - - FMA:45565 - - - - - Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] - 2012-06-20 - CARO:0000070 - CARO - - FMA:45565 - - - - - UMLS:C0836133 - ncithesaurus:Simple_Squamous_Epithelium - - - - - simple squamous epithelia - ZFA:0001498 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. - AAO:0010057 - AEO:0000071 - BILA:0000071 - CARO:0000071 - EHDAA2:0003071 - FMA:61741 - HAO:0000071 - TAO:0001493 - XAO:0004004 - ZFA:0001493 - heterogenous epithelium - uberon - atypical epithelia - UBERON:0000488 - - atypical epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + biological_process + GO:0010454 + negative regulation of cell fate commitment - + - Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. - - - - - - atypical epithelia - ZFA:0001493 - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. - this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future - AAO:0010016 - AEO:0000072 - BILA:0000072 - CARO:0000072 - EHDAA2:0003072 - FMA:55671 - HAO:0000072 - TAO:0001490 - TGMA:0001857 - VHOG:0001730 - XAO:0003165 - ZFA:0001490 - cavitated organ - uberon - cavitated compound organs - UBERON:0000489 - - - cavitated compound organ + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + biological_process + GO:0010455 + positive regulation of cell fate commitment - + - Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. - - - - - - cavitated organ - FMA:55671 - - - - - cavitated compound organs - ZFA:0001490 - + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. - consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable - Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] - - - AAO:0010062 - AEO:0000073 - BILA:0000073 - BTO:0002073 - CARO:0000073 - EHDAA2:0003073 - FMA:45561 - HAO:0000073 - NCIT:C33554 - TAO:0001495 - UMLS:C0682574 - XAO:0004007 - ZFA:0001495 - simple epithelium - uberon - unilaminar epithelia - UBERON:0000490 - - unilaminar epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + biological_process + GO:0010463 + mesenchymal cell proliferation - + - Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. - - FMA:45561 + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + biological_process + GO:0010464 + regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + - - - Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] - 2012-06-20 - CARO:0000073 - CARO - - FMA:45561 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22557 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25419 + Wikipedia:Gene_expression + biological_process + GO:0010467 + + gene expression + - - - UMLS:C0682574 - ncithesaurus:Simple_Epithelium + + + The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. + GOC:txnOH-2018 + PMID:25934543 + PMID:31580950 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22557 + Wikipedia:Regulation_of_gene_expression + regulation of protein expression + biological_process + gene regulation + regulation of gene product expression + GO:0010468 + This class covers any process that regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that regulate that rate by regulating the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that regulates the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby regulates the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. + regulation of gene expression + - - - simple epithelium - FMA:45561 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + GOC:txnOH-2018 - + - unilaminar epithelia - ZFA:0001495 - + gene regulation + GOC:cjm - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. + biological_process + GO:0010470 + regulation of gastrulation + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. - mucoid - mucous - - - CALOHA:TS-2144 - ENVO:02000040 - FMA:66938 - GAID:1164 - MESH:D009093 - NCIT:C13259 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0026727 - galen:Mucus - uberon - UBERON:0000912 - mucus + Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells. + biological_process + hypodermal cell division + GO:0010481 + epidermal cell division - + - Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. - + Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells. + PMID:17450124 - - - UMLS:C0026727 - ncithesaurus:Mucus + + + hypodermal cell division + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. - note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest - - - - - - EMAPA:35862 - FMA:259209 - MA:0000022 - thorax - uberon - anterior subdivision of trunk - upper body - upper trunk - UBERON:0000915 - - thoracic segment of trunk + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis. + biological_process + regulation of hypodermal cell division + GO:0010482 + regulation of epidermal cell division - - - - FMA - - - + - Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. - - - - - - thorax - MA:0000022 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis. + PMID:17450124 - + - upper trunk - FMA:259209 + regulation of hypodermal cell division + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. - Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class - abdominal - celiac - - - BTO:0000020 - CALOHA:TS-0001 - EFO:0000968 - EMAPA:35102 - EV:0100011 - FMA:9577 - GAID:16 - MA:0000029 - MAT:0000298 - MESH:D000005 - MIAA:0000298 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - galen:Abdomen - abdominopelvic region - abdominopelvis - uberon - adult abdomen - belly - celiac region - UBERON:0000916 - - - - abdomen - - - - - + - - + + - - MA - + + The movement of substances between cells. + jl + 2013-12-19T13:24:56Z + GO:1902585 + biological_process + single organism intercellular transport + single-organism intercellular transport + GO:0010496 + intercellular transport + - + - The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. - - - - - - abdominopelvic region - FMA:9577 + The movement of substances between cells. + GOC:dhl - - - abdominopelvis - FMA:9577 + + + single organism intercellular transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly. + biological_process + GO:0010549 + regulation of membrane disassembly + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. - embryonic - Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo - - - - - AAO:0011035 - AEO:0000169 - BILA:0000056 - BSA:0000039 - BTO:0000379 - CALOHA:TS-0229 - EFO:0001367 - EHDAA2:0000002 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 - EHDAA:38 - EMAPA:16039 - FBbt:00000052 - FMA:69068 - GAID:963 - MAT:0000226 - MESH:D004622 - MIAA:0000019 - NCIT:C28147 - OGEM:000001 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0013935 - VHOG:0001766 - XAO:0000113 - ZFA:0000103 - embryonic organism - uberon - developing organism - developmental tissue - UBERON:0000922 - - - - - embryo - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/503 - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Wrinkledfrog_embryos.jpg + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0010556 + regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process - + - Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. - - BTO:0000379 - FB:FBrf0039741 - FB:FBrf0041814 - GO:0009790 - - - - - Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C0013935 - ncithesaurus:Embryo - - - - - embryonic organism - BILA:0000056 - - - - - developing organism - BILA:0000056 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0010557 + positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0010558 + negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - embryonic tissue - - - - AAO:0000480 - BILA:0000035 - BTO:0000556 - EMAPA:36033 - FBbt:00000110 - FMA:69069 - GAID:1303 - MESH:D005855 - NCIT:C12950 - NCIT:C54105 - TAO:0001122 - UMLS:C0920502 - UMLS:C1708239 - VHOG:0001223 - XAO:0003011 - ZFA:0001122 - germinal layer - primary germ layer - uberon - embryonic germ layer - embryonic germ layers - UBERON:0000923 - - - Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] - germ layer + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + biological_process + GO:0010559 + regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process - + - A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. - - - - - - - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001223 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 - - - - - embryonic tissue - FMA:69069 - - - - - UMLS:C0920502 - ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Tissue - - - - - UMLS:C1708239 - ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer - - - - - germinal layer - ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer - - - - - primary germ layer - GO:0001704 - ZFA:0001122 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + biological_process + GO:0010560 + positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + biological_process + GO:0010561 + negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. - Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - ectodermal - - - - AAO:0000137 - BILA:0000036 - BTO:0000315 - CALOHA:TS-0216 - EFO:0000414 - EHDAA2:0000428 - EMAPA:16069 - EV:0100003 - FBbt:00000111 - FMA:69070 - GAID:1304 - MAT:0000155 - MAT:0000173 - MESH:D004475 - MIAA:0000173 - NCIT:C12703 - TAO:0000016 - UMLS:C0013574 - VHOG:0000153 - XAO:0000001 - ZFA:0000016 - embryonic ectoderm - uberon - UBERON:0000924 - - - - - ectoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray32.png + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + biological_process + GO:0010562 + positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process - - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + biological_process + GO:0010563 + negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process + - + - Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. - - - - - - Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000137 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000153 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 - - - - - UMLS:C0013574 - ncithesaurus:Ectoderm - - - - - embryonic ectoderm - VHOG:0000153 + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + biological_process + GO:0010564 + regulation of cell cycle process + + + + + Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + biological_process + GO:0010565 + regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - endodermal - - - - AAO:0000139 - BILA:0000038 - BTO:0000800 - CALOHA:TS-0273 - EFO:0002545 - EHDAA2:0000436 - EMAPA:16062 - EV:0100005 - FBbt:00000125 - FMA:69071 - GAID:1305 - MAT:0000175 - MESH:D004707 - MIAA:0000175 - NCIT:C12706 - TAO:0000017 - UMLS:C0014144 - VHOG:0000154 - XAO:0000090 - ZFA:0000017 - uberon - entoderm - UBERON:0000925 - - - - - endoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Endoderm2.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray10.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells. + biological_process + GO:0010566 + regulation of ketone biosynthetic process - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells. + biological_process + GO:0010567 + regulation of ketone catabolic process + - + - Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0010604 + positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + - - - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000154 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0010605 + negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + - - - UMLS:C0014144 - ncithesaurus:Endoderm + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. + posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression + biological_process + GO:0010608 + post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression + - - - entoderm - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + biological_process + GO:0010611 + regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + biological_process + GO:0010612 + regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + biological_process + GO:0010613 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + biological_process + GO:0010614 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. - - Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - mesodermal - sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates - UBERON:0003263 - - - - AAO:0000304 - BILA:0000037 - BTO:0000839 - CALOHA:TS-0623 - EFO:0001981 - EHDAA2:0001128 - EHDAA:124 - EHDAA:160 - EHDAA:183 - EMAPA:16083 - EV:0100006 - FBbt:00000126 - FMA:69072 - GAID:522 - MAT:0000174 - MESH:D008648 - MIAA:0000174 - NCIT:C12750 - TAO:0000041 - UMLS:C0025485 - VHOG:0000152 - XAO:0000050 - ZFA:0000041 - uberon - embryonic mesoderm - entire mesoderm - mesodermal mantle - UBERON:0000926 - - - - - mesoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Mesoderm.png + Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + biological_process + GO:0010615 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation - - - - sometimes not considered primary + + + Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + biological_process + GO:0010616 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation + - + - The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. - - - - - - Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000304 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000152 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 - - - - - sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates - - - - - - UMLS:C0025485 - ncithesaurus:Mesoderm - - - - - embryonic mesoderm - VHOG:0000152 - - - - - entire mesoderm - - + Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. + developmental programmed cell death + programmed cell death involved in development + biological_process + GO:0010623 + This process is part of the natural developmental program of some cell types, but it does not always happen as part of the development or shaping of a gross anatomical structure. + programmed cell death involved in cell development + + + + + The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22557 + biological_process + GO:0010628 + positive regulation of gene expression + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + GOC:txnOH-2018 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. - consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence - Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] - the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx - stomodeal - This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. - stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium - - - BTO:0004224 - EHDAA2:0001929 - EMAPA:16263 - FBbt:00000439 - FMA:295846 - NCIT:C34306 - TAO:0001290 - TGMA:0000135 - UMLS:C1514977 - XAO:0000269 - ZFA:0001290 - mouth primordium - primitive oral cavity - stomatodeum - stomodaeum - uberon - mouth pit - oral ectoderm - oral pit - UBERON:0000930 - - - - - stomodeum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22557 + biological_process + gene silencing + GO:0010629 + This term covers any process that negatively regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that negatively regulate that rate by reducing the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that reduces the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby reduces the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. + negative regulation of gene expression - + - Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. - - - - - - - - Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001290 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx - MP:0012522 - NCBITaxon:40674 + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). + GOC:txnOH-2018 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + positive regulation of organelle organisation + biological_process + positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GO:0010638 + positive regulation of organelle organization + - - - stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium - XAO:0000269 + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C1514977 - ncithesaurus:Stomodeum + + + positive regulation of organelle organisation + GOC:mah - - - mouth primordium - XAO:0000269 + + + positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + negative regulation of organelle organisation + biological_process + negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GO:0010639 + negative regulation of organelle organization + - - - primitive oral cavity - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - stomatodeum - + negative regulation of organelle organisation + GOC:mah - + - mouth pit - EMAPA:16263 - - - - - oral ectoderm - ZFA:0001290 - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100726-23 - - - - - oral pit - EMAPA:16263 + negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + biological_process + GO:0010646 + regulation of cell communication + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. - removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. - An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] - Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] - proctodeal - - - - - - - AAO:0011087 - EHDAA2:0000121 - EMAPA:25038 - FBbt:00000123 - NCIT:C34278 - TAO:0000066 - UMLS:C0231054 - VHOG:0000139 - XAO:0001019 - ZFA:0000066 - embryonic proctodaeum - proctodaeum - amnioproctodeal invagination - uberon - anal pit - anus porus - UBERON:0000931 - - proctodeum - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/685 + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + biological_process + GO:0010647 + positive regulation of cell communication - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + biological_process + GO:0010648 + negative regulation of cell communication + - + - Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. - - - ZFA:0000066 - - - - - An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000066 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011087 - AAO - ZFA:0000066 - - - - - UMLS:C0231054 - ncithesaurus:Proctodeum - - - - - amnioproctodeal invagination - FBbt:00000123 - - - - - anal pit - VHOG:0000139 - - - - - anus porus - XAO:0001019 + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + negative regulation of muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010656 + negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - - - - + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle. + muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010657 + muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle. + CL:0000187 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations. + striated muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010658 + striated muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations. + CL:0000737 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. + cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010659 + cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. + CL:0000746 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + regulation of muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010660 + regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + positive regulation of muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010661 + positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. - - - - - Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] - It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] - We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa - - - - AAO:0000579 - ANISEED:1235297 - BTO:0001307 - CALOHA:TS-0980 - EFO:0000837 - EHDAA2:0001915 - EHDAA:2993 - EMAPA:17021 - EV:0100070 - FMA:7148 - GAID:293 - MA:0000353 - MAT:0000051 - MESH:D013270 - MIAA:0000051 - NCIT:C12391 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002121 - UMLS:C0038351 - VHOG:0000408 - XAO:0000128 - galen:Stomach - stomach chamber - uberon - anterior intestine - gaster - mesenteron - ventriculus - UBERON:0000945 - - - - - - - stomach - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010662 + regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process - - - - cjm - - - - - - cjm + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010663 + positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process + - - - - - - - - - absent in lampreys and hagfishes - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0486692132 - + + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + down regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + down-regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + downregulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + inhibition of striated muscle cell apoptosis + negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010664 + negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process + - + - An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000579 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000408 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00076.x Smith DM, Grasty RC, Theodosiou NA, Tabin CJ, Nascone-Yoder NM, Evolutionary relationships between the amphibian, avian, and mammalian stomachs. Evolution and development (2000) + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa - WP:Stomach#In_other_animals + + + down regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0038351 - ncithesaurus:Stomach + + + down-regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - gaster - BTO:0001307 + + + downregulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - ventriculus - - + + + inhibition of striated muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010665 + regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. - This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. - - The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - aortic - All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches - - - - AAO:0010213 - BTO:0000135 - CALOHA:TS-0046 - EFO:0000265 - EMAPA:18601 - EV:0100027 - FMA:3734 - GAID:469 - MA:0000062 - MAT:0000035 - MESH:D001011 - MIAA:0000035 - NCIT:C12669 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0003483 - VHOG:0001523 - XAO:0003010 - galen:Aorta - trunk of aortic tree - trunk of systemic arterial tree - dorsal aorta - uberon - arteria maxima - UBERON:0000947 - - - - - - aorta - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Aorta_scheme.jpg + Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010666 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - MA-modified - + + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + down regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + down-regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + downregulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + inhibition of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0010667 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process + - + - The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. - - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MESH:A07.231.114.056 - MP:0000272 - - - - - This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. - WP + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010213 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + down regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001523 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + + + down-regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0003483 - ncithesaurus:Aorta + + + downregulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - + - dorsal aorta - - ZFA:0000014 - - - - - - arteria maxima - - + inhibition of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0010668 + ectodermal cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + biological_process + GO:0010700 + negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + biological_process + GO:0010701 + positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. - - - - Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] - Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] - relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] - cardiac - - - - AAO:0010210 - BILA:0000020 - BTO:0000562 - CALOHA:TS-0445 - EFO:0000815 - EHDAA2:0000738 - EHDAA:420 - EMAPA:16105 - EV:0100018 - FMA:7088 - GAID:174 - MA:0000072 - MAT:0000036 - MESH:D006321 - MIAA:0000036 - NCIT:C12727 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000114 - UMLS:C0018787 - VHOG:0000276 - XAO:0000064 - ZFA:0000114 - galen:Heart - chambered heart - vertebrate heart - branchial heart - uberon - cardium - UBERON:0000948 - - - - - - - - Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 - heart + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + regulation of collagen breakdown + regulation of collagen catabolism + regulation of collagen degradation + biological_process + GO:0010710 + regulation of collagen catabolic process - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - + + + regulation of collagen breakdown + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + regulation of collagen catabolism + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + regulation of collagen degradation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + down regulation of collagen catabolic process + down-regulation of collagen catabolic process + downregulation of collagen catabolic process + negative regulation of collagen breakdown + negative regulation of collagen catabolism + negative regulation of collagen degradation + inhibition of collagen catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0010711 + negative regulation of collagen catabolic process + - + - A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. - - + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000114 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down regulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010210 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + down-regulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010210 - AAO + + + downregulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000276 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + + + negative regulation of collagen breakdown + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0018787 - ncithesaurus:Heart + + + negative regulation of collagen catabolism + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - chambered heart - + negative regulation of collagen degradation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - branchial heart - - - - - - cardium - EMAPA:16105 + inhibition of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. - Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] - Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] - endocrine - - - - AAO:0010279 - CALOHA:TS-1301 - EFO:0002969 - EHDAA2:0002224 - EMAPA:35306 - EV:0100128 - FBbt:00005068 - FMA:9668 - GAID:439 - MA:0000012 - MESH:D004703 - NCIT:C12705 - TAO:0001158 - UMLS:C0014136 - VHOG:0000098 - XAO:0000158 - ZFA:0001158 - endocrine glandular system - endocrine system - systema endocrinum - uberon - UBERON:0000949 - - - - - endocrine system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + regulation of collagen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0010712 + regulation of collagen metabolic process - + - Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. - - NLM:endocrine+system - - - - - Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010279 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000098 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812138106 Markov GV, Tavares R, Dauphin-Villemant C, Demeneix BA, Baker ME, Laudet V, Independent elaboration of steroid hormone signaling pathways in metazoans. PNAS (2009) - - - - - UMLS:C0014136 - ncithesaurus:Endocrine_System + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - endocrine glandular system - EHDAA2:0002224 + regulation of collagen metabolism + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + biological_process + GO:0010713 + negative regulation of collagen metabolic process + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. - requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion - - Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] - Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] - The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - - - - - - AAO:0010478 - ABA:Brain - BAMS:Br - BAMS:Brain - BILA:0000135 - BIRNLEX:796 - BTO:0000142 - CALOHA:TS-0095 - DHBA:10155 - EFO:0000302 - EHDAA2:0000183 - EHDAA:2641 - EHDAA:6485 - EMAPA:16894 - EV:0100164 - FBbt:00005095 - FMA:50801 - GAID:571 - HBA:4005 - MA:0000168 - MAT:0000098 - MBA:8 - MBA:997 - MESH:D001921 - MIAA:0000098 - NCIT:C12439 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - PBA:3999 - TAO:0000008 - UMLS:C0006104 - UMLS:C1269537 - VHOG:0000157 - XAO:0000010 - ZFA:0000008 - galen:Brain - neuronames:21 - uberon - encephalon - suprasegmental levels of nervous system - suprasegmental structures - synganglion - the brain - UBERON:0000955 - - - - - - - - brain + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + positive regulation of collagen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0010714 + positive regulation of collagen metabolic process - - - - GO + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of collagen metabolism + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown + regulation of extracellular matrix degradation + biological_process + GO:0010715 + regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + - + - The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. - - - - - - - Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000008 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010478 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) - + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000157 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 + + + regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0006104 - BIRNLEX:796 + + + regulation of extracellular matrix degradation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + down regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + down-regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + downregulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + negative regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown + negative regulation of extracellular matrix degradation + inhibition of extracellular matrix disassembly + biological_process + GO:0010716 + negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + - - - UMLS:C0006104 - ncithesaurus:Brain + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C1269537 - BIRNLEX:796 + + + down regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - neuronames:21 - BIRNLEX:796 + + + down-regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - encephalon - BTO:0000142 + + + downregulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - suprasegmental levels of nervous system - NeuroNames:21 + + + negative regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - suprasegmental structures - NeuroNames:21 + + + negative regulation of extracellular matrix degradation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - the brain - NeuroNames:21 + + + inhibition of extracellular matrix disassembly + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any thin layer or plate. - TODO - merge with cell layer? - laminar - - laminar tissue - uberon - UBERON:0000957 - - - - lamina - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Laminaarcusvertebrae.png + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + biological_process + GO:0010717 + regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition - + - Any thin layer or plate. - + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. - - - - BAMS:cern - FMA:5859 - NCIT:C32299 - NLXANAT:20090207 - UMLS:C0228815 - neuronames:2351 - cervical nerve - cervical nerve tree - cervical spinal nerve - nervus cervicalis - uberon - UBERON:0000962 - - Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP] - nerve of cervical vertebra - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray795.png + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + biological_process + GO:0010718 + positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition + + + + - - - The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0228815 - ncithesaurus:Cervical_Nerve - - - - - cervical nerve - FMA:5859 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - nervus cervicalis - FMA:5859 - FMA:TA - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology - FBbt:00004114 - MAT:0000204 - MIAA:0000204 - uberon - UBERON:0000963 - head sensillum + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + biological_process + GO:0010719 + negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0010720 + positive regulation of cell development + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0010721 + negative regulation of cell development + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0010765 + positive regulation of sodium ion transport + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0010766 + negative regulation of sodium ion transport + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24299 + biological_process + GO:0010770 + positive regulation of cell morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24299 + biological_process + GO:0010771 + negative regulation of cell morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + regulation of glucose transport + GO:0010827 + regulation of glucose transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + positive regulation of glucose transport + GO:0010828 + positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + negative regulation of glucose transport + GO:0010829 + negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. - - corneal - Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water - - - - AAO:0010344 - BTO:0000286 - CALOHA:TS-0171 - EFO:0000377 - EHDAA2:0000316 - EHDAA:10199 - EMAPA:17161 - EV:0100341 - FMA:58238 - GAID:892 - MA:0000266 - MESH:D003315 - NCIT:C12342 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000640 - UMLS:C0010031 - VHOG:0000164 - XAO:0000180 - ZFA:0000640 - cornea of camera-type eye - uberon - corneas - tunica cornea - UBERON:0000964 - - - - - - cornea - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + biological_process + GO:0010830 + regulation of myotube differentiation - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - MA - + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + biological_process + GO:0010831 + positive regulation of myotube differentiation + - - - - - - - - - FMA-isa + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - definitional - + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + biological_process + GO:0010832 + negative regulation of myotube differentiation + - + - The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MESH:A09.371.060.217 - MP:0001312 - - - - - UMLS:C0010031 - ncithesaurus:Cornea - - - - - cornea of camera-type eye - GO:0061303 - - - - - corneas - ZFA:0000640 - + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. - - - - AAO:0010348 - BTO:0000723 - CALOHA:TS-0545 - EHDAA:9057 - EMAPA:17838 - EV:0100343 - FMA:58241 - MA:0000275 - MAT:0000141 - MESH:D007908 - MIAA:0000141 - NCIT:C12743 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 - TAO:0000035 - UMLS:C0023317 - VHOG:0000169 - XAO:0000008 - ZFA:0000035 - camera-type eye lens - eye lens - lens - lens crystallina - uberon - crystalline lens - lenses - ocular lens - UBERON:0000965 - - - - - The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous - lens of camera-type eye + The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. + retinal lamination + retinal layer formation + biological_process + GO:0010842 + retina layer formation - + - Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. - - - - - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000169 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) - - - - - UMLS:C0023317 - ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens + The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + PMID:1270266 - + - camera-type eye lens - GO:0002088 + retinal lamination + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - eye lens - + retinal layer formation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + lipid localisation + biological_process + GO:0010876 + lipid localization + - - - lens - + + + Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - lens crystallina - - - - - - crystalline lens - BTO:0000723 - - - - - lenses - ZFA:0000035 - - - - - - ocular lens - BTO:0000723 + lipid localisation + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + biological_process + GO:0010893 + positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + biological_process + GO:0010894 + negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + GOC:BHF + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. - - - The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - retinal - - - - - AAO:0010352 - BAMS:R - BIRNLEX:1153 - BTO:0001175 - CALOHA:TS-0865 - EFO:0000832 - EHDAA2:0001627 - EHDAA:4757 - EMAPA:17168 - EV:0100348 - FMA:58301 - GAID:755 - MA:0000276 - MAT:0000142 - MBA:304325711 - MESH:D012160 - MIAA:0000142 - NCIT:C12343 - NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000152 - UMLS:C0035298 - UMLS:C1278894 - VHOG:0000229 - XAO:0000009 - ZFA:0000152 - neuronames:1862 - inner layer of eyeball - retina of camera-type eye - tunica interna of eyeball - uberon - Netzhaut - retinas - UBERON:0000966 - - - - - - Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods - retina - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + regulation of glucose metabolism + biological_process + GO:0010906 + regulation of glucose metabolic process - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + GOC:BHF + GOC:tb - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + regulation of glucose metabolism + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + positive regulation of glucose metabolism + biological_process + GO:0010907 + positive regulation of glucose metabolic process + - + - The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000152 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000229 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) - - - - - UMLS:C0035298 - BIRNLEX:1153 - - - - - UMLS:C0035298 - ncithesaurus:Retina - - - - - UMLS:C1278894 - BIRNLEX:1153 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. + GOC:BHF + GOC:tb - + - retina of camera-type eye - GO:0060041 - - - - - Netzhaut - BTO:0001175 - - - - - retinas - ZFA:0000152 - + positive regulation of glucose metabolism + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. + biological_process + GO:0010927 + cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis + + + + + The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization. + biological_process + GO:0010937 + regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An organ that detects light. - This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) - - ocular - optic - Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, - - BILA:0000017 - BTO:0000439 - CALOHA:TS-0309 - EFO:0000827 - EV:0100336 - FBbt:00005162 - GAID:69 - MAT:0000140 - MESH:D005123 - MIAA:0000140 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - uberon - light-detecting organ - visual apparatus - UBERON:0000970 - - - - - - - eye + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule. + biological_process + GO:0010938 + cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization - - - - - - - - - + + + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + tb + 2009-04-27T09:53:22Z + biological_process + GO:0010948 + negative regulation of cell cycle process + - + - An organ that detects light. - - - - - - visual apparatus - EV:0100336 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells. - ommatidial - - BTO:0001922 - FBbt:00004510 - HAO:0000666 - MAT:0000143 - MIAA:0000143 - omatidium - uberon - omatidia - UBERON:0000971 - - ommatidium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + tb + 2009-05-06T11:40:55Z + biological_process + GO:0010959 + regulation of metal ion transport - - - - - - - + - The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + tb + 2009-05-11T12:17:53Z + biological_process + GO:0010962 + regulation of glucan biosynthetic process + - - - omatidia - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + tb + 2009-05-20T11:42:50Z + biological_process + GO:0010966 + regulation of phosphate transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. + tb + 2009-05-20T11:51:21Z + biological_process + GO:0010968 + regulation of microtubule nucleation + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. + tb + 2009-05-27T10:56:08Z + microtubule-based transport + establishment of localization by movement along microtubule + movement along microtubule + biological_process + GO:0010970 + transport along microtubule + + + + + The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb + + + + + establishment of localization by movement along microtubule + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + tb + 2009-06-01T10:44:45Z + regulation of neurite biosynthesis + regulation of neurite development + regulation of neurite formation + regulation of neurite growth + biological_process + GO:0010975 + regulation of neuron projection development + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + regulation of neurite biosynthesis + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of neurite development + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of neurite formation + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of neurite growth + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + tb + 2009-06-01T10:46:44Z + positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis + positive regulation of neurite development + positive regulation of neurite formation + positive regulation of neurite growth + biological_process + GO:0010976 + positive regulation of neuron projection development + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of neurite development + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of neurite formation + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of neurite growth + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. - true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. - - cervical - - - - AEO:0000108 - BTO:0000420 - CALOHA:TS-2045 - EFO:0000967 - EHDAA2:0003108 - EMAPA:35587 - FMA:7155 - GAID:86 - MA:0000024 - MAT:0000297 - MESH:D009333 - MIAA:0000297 - NCIT:C13063 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0027530 - galen:Neck - uberon - collum - neck (volume) - UBERON:0000974 - - - - neck - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Female_neck.jpg + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + tb + 2009-06-01T10:47:42Z + negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis + negative regulation of neurite development + negative regulation of neurite formation + negative regulation of neurite growth + biological_process + growth cone collapse + GO:0010977 + negative regulation of neuron projection development - + - An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. - + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - ISBN:9780674021839 + + + negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0027530 - ncithesaurus:Neck + + + negative regulation of neurite development + GOC:mah - - - collum - - + + + negative regulation of neurite formation + GOC:mah - + + + negative regulation of neurite growth + GOC:mah + + + - neck (volume) - FMA:7155 + growth cone collapse + GOC:pr - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24835 + GO:0016244 + regulated cell death + Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death + caspase-independent cell death + non-apoptotic programmed cell death + nonapoptotic programmed cell death + biological_process + PCD + RCD + caspase-independent apoptosis + GO:0012501 + + + + + + + + Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children. + programmed cell death + + + + + A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. + GOC:lr + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + - + - + - + + A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. + Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system + cellular_component + GO:0012505 + + + + endomembrane system + + + + + A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. + GOC:lh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1153182838 + cellular_component + GO:0012506 + vesicle membrane + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. + GOC:mah + GOC:vesicle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others. + glia proliferation + biological_process + GO:0014009 + glial cell proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others. + GOC:ef + ISBN:0878932585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). - - The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG] - pleural - In MA, is_a cavity lining (which we equate to parietal). In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 - - - - BTO:0001791 - CALOHA:TS-2081 - EFO:0001980 - EMAPA:16775 - EV:0100044 - FMA:9583 - GAID:360 - MA:0000433 - MESH:D010994 - NCIT:C12469 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv3zwLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0032225 - VHOG:0000394 - wall of pleural sac - uberon - pleura - pleural tissue - UBERON:0000977 - - - - pleura - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + biological_process + GO:0014013 + regulation of gliogenesis - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + down regulation of gliogenesis + down-regulation of gliogenesis + downregulation of gliogenesis + inhibition of gliogenesis + biological_process + GO:0014014 + negative regulation of gliogenesis + - + - The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). - - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010820 - UBERON:cjm - - - - - - - ISBN:978-0030223693 - - - - - The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000394 - VHOG - - ISBN:0124020607 - - - - - UMLS:C0032225 - ncithesaurus:Pleural_Tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + up regulation of gliogenesis + up-regulation of gliogenesis + upregulation of gliogenesis + activation of gliogenesis + stimulation of gliogenesis + biological_process + GO:0014015 + positive regulation of gliogenesis + - - - pleural tissue - BTO:0001791 - NCIT:C12469 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. + GOC:ef - + - + - - - - + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts. + biological_process + GO:0014016 + neuroblast differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts. + GOC:ef + ISBN:0878932585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. - Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] - Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] - articulation - joint - - - - AEO:0000182 - BTO:0001686 - CALOHA:TS-2023 - EFO:0000948 - EMAPA:35456 - FMA:7490 - GAID:102 - MA:0000319 - MAT:0000188 - MESH:D007596 - MIAA:0000188 - NCIT:C13044 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 - TAO:0000367 - UMLS:C0022417 - VHOG:0001276 - VSAO:0000101 - XAO:0000171 - ZFA:0001596 - galen:Joint - uberon - articular joint - joints - UBERON:0000982 - - - - - - skeletal joint + + + + + + + The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron. + biological_process + GO:0014019 + neuroblast development - + - Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000101 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000101 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000367 - TAO - TAO:pem - - - - - articulation - VSAO:0000101 - - - - - joint - FMA:7490 - VSAO:0000101 - - - - - UMLS:C0022417 - ncithesaurus:Joint + The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron. + GOC:ef + ISBN:0878932585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube. + GO:0014024 + primary neural tube morphogenesis + primary neurulation + biological_process + neural rod cavitation + GO:0014020 + primary neural tube formation + - - - articular joint - BTO:0001686 + + + The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube. + GOC:ef + ISBN:0878932585 + PMID:15327780 - - - joints - ZFA:0001596 - + + + primary neural tube morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts. + biological_process + GO:0014023 + neural rod formation + + + + + The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. - The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved - - - The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] - During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] - - - - - BAMS:PONS - BAMS:Pons - BIRNLEX:733 - BM:Pons - BTO:0001101 - CALOHA:TS-0813 - DHBA:10661 - EFO:0001394 - EHDAA2:0004394 - EMAPA:17563 - EV:0100253 - FMA:67943 - GAID:578 - HBA:9131 - MA:0000204 - MAT:0000115 - MBA:771 - MESH:D011149 - MIAA:0000115 - NCIT:C12511 - UMLS:C0032639 - UMLS:C1280999 - VHOG:0001176 - neuronames:547 - pons Varolii - pons of Varolius - uberon - pons cerebri - UBERON:0000988 - - - - - pons - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png - - - - - + - - + + - - neuronames - + + The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts. + biological_process + GO:0014025 + neural keel formation + - + - The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. - VHOG:0001176 - - - - - The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001176 - VHOG - - - - - - - During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001176 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.474 - - - - - UMLS:C0032639 - BIRNLEX:733 - - - - - UMLS:C0032639 - ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii - - - - - UMLS:C1280999 - BIRNLEX:733 - - - - - neuronames:547 - BIRNLEX:733 - - - - - pons Varolii - ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii - - - - - pons cerebri - NeuroNames:547 - + The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. - consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system - Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] - Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] - - 2022-06-10T18:22:34Z - - - - AAO:0010258 - BILA:0000103 - BTO:0000081 - CALOHA:TS-1318 - EFO:0000809 - EHDAA2:0001603 - EHDAA:5923 - EMAPA:17381 - EV:0100100 - FBbt:00004857 - FMA:7160 - GAID:363 - HAO:0000374 - HAO:0000895 - MA:0000326 - MIAA:0000305 - NCIT:C12841 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000632 - UMLS:C1261210 - VHOG:0000182 - WBbt:0005747 - XAO:0000142 - ZFA:0000632 - genital system - genitalia - uberon - Geschlechtsorgan - animal reproductive system - genital tract - organa genitalia - reproductive tissue - reproductive tract - systemata genitalia - UBERON:0000990 - - - - - - reproductive system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Penis.svg + The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column. + biological_process + GO:0014028 + notochord formation - + - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. - - - - - - Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010258 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000182 - VHOG - - PMID:21672850 Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007) - - - - - UMLS:C1261210 - ncithesaurus:Reproductive_System - - - - - genitalia - - - - - - Geschlechtsorgan - BTO:0000081 - - - - - animal reproductive system - BTO:0000081 - - - - - organa genitalia - BTO:0000081 - - - - - reproductive tissue - BTO:0000081 - - - - - systemata genitalia - - + The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). - Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] - The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] - Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] - gonadal - FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' - - - - AAO:0000213 - BILA:0000123 - BSA:0000079 - BTO:0000534 - EMAPA:17383 - FBbt:00004858 - FMA:18250 - GAID:368 - HAO:0000379 - MA:0002420 - MESH:D006066 - NCIT:C12725 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000413 - UMLS:C0018067 - VHOG:0000397 - WBbt:0005175 - XAO:0003146 - ZFA:0000413 - gonada - uberon - gonads - UBERON:0000991 - - - - - - gonad + The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + biological_process + GO:0014029 + neural crest formation - + - Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). - - ISBN:0140512888 - ZFA:0000413 - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000213 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000413 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000397 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T, Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) - - - - - FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0018067 - ncithesaurus:Gonad - - - - - gonads - ZFA:0000413 - + The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. - - Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] - Female reproductive organ.[TAO] - (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] - ovarian - Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo - - - - AAO:0000371 - BILA:0000125 - BSA:0000080 - BTO:0000975 - CALOHA:TS-0730 - EFO:0000973 - EHDAA2:0001360 - EHDAA:8124 - EMAPA:17962 - EV:0100111 - FBbt:00004865 - FMA:7209 - GAID:367 - MA:0000384 - MESH:D010053 - MIAA:0000125 - NCIT:C12404 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000403 - UMLS:C0029939 - VHOG:0000251 - XAO:0000258 - ZFA:0000403 - animal ovary - female gonad - female organism genitalia gonad - female organism genitalia gonada - female organism reproductive system gonad - female organism reproductive system gonada - female reproductive system gonad - female reproductive system gonada - genitalia of female organism gonad - genitalia of female organism gonada - gonad of female organism genitalia - gonad of female organism reproductive system - gonad of female reproductive system - gonad of genitalia of female organism - gonad of reproductive system of female organism - gonada of female organism genitalia - gonada of female organism reproductive system - gonada of female reproductive system - gonada of genitalia of female organism - gonada of reproductive system of female organism - ovum-producing ovary - reproductive system of female organism gonad - reproductive system of female organism gonada - uberon - ovaries - ovarium - UBERON:0000992 - - - - - - - ovary - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png + The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0014031 + mesenchymal cell development - + - The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0001126 - - - - - Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000371 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Female reproductive organ.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000403 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000251 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1093/icb/icm052 Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across the Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007), DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T and Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) - - - - - Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo - WP - - - - - UMLS:C0029939 - ncithesaurus:Ovary - - - - - animal ovary - EFO:0000973 - - - - - female organism genitalia gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism genitalia gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism reproductive system gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism reproductive system gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive system gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive system gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - genitalia of female organism gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - genitalia of female organism gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of female organism genitalia - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of female organism reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of genitalia of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of reproductive system of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of female organism genitalia - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of female organism reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of genitalia of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of reproductive system of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ovum-producing ovary - GO:0061039 - - - - - - reproductive system of female organism gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - reproductive system of female organism gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ovaries - - - - - - ovarium - - + The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. - - A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] - relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] - (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] - epidermal - Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). - epidermis - skin - - - - AAO:0000143 - BTO:0000404 - CALOHA:TS-0283 - EFO:0000954 - EMAPA:17528 - EV:0100153 - FMA:70596 - GAID:932 - MA:0000153 - MAT:0000154 - MESH:D004817 - MIAA:0000154 - NCIT:C12708 - TAO:0000105 - UMLS:C0014520 - VHOG:0000077 - XAO:0000028 - ZFA:0000105 - vertebrate epidermis - uberon - UBERON:0001003 - - - - - - skin epidermis + The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0014032 + neural crest cell development - + - The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000105 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000143 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000143 - AAO - - - - - (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000077 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.71-72 - - - - - UMLS:C0014520 - ncithesaurus:Epidermis + The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. + biological_process + GO:0014033 + neural crest cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. + GOC:dh + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. + biological_process + GO:0014041 + regulation of neuron maturation + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. + up regulation of neuron maturation + up-regulation of neuron maturation + upregulation of neuron maturation + activation of neuron maturation + stimulation of neuron maturation + biological_process + GO:0014042 + positive regulation of neuron maturation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. - - - The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] - There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0000541 - BTO:0000203 - CALOHA:TS-1319 - EFO:0000804 - EHDAA2:0001604 - EHDAA:2203 - EMAPA:16727 - EV:0100036 - FMA:7158 - GAID:78 - MA:0000327 - MAT:0000030 - MESH:D012137 - MIAA:0000030 - NCIT:C12779 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000272 - UMLS:C0035237 - VHOG:0000202 - XAO:0000117 - ZFA:0000272 - apparatus respiratorius - respiratory system - uberon - Atmungssystem - apparatus respiratorius - systema respiratorium - UBERON:0001004 - - - - - - - respiratory system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. + down regulation of neuron maturation + down-regulation of neuron maturation + downregulation of neuron maturation + inhibition of neuron maturation + biological_process + GO:0014043 + negative regulation of neuron maturation - + - Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. - - - - - - - - - - - - - The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000541 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000202 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23 - - - - - UMLS:C0035237 - ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System - - - - - Atmungssystem - BTO:0000203 - - - - - apparatus respiratorius - BTO:0000203 - - - - - systema respiratorium - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. + GOC:ef - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). + biological_process + GO:0014055 + acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission + + + + + The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. - This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends - airway - airways - - - FMA:265130 - uberon - UBERON:0001005 - - - respiratory airway + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + biological_process + GO:0014056 + regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission + + + + - - - An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. - - - - - - airway - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - airways - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. - An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] - digestive - many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class - - - AAO:0000129 - BILA:0000082 - BTO:0000058 - CALOHA:TS-1293 - EFO:0000793 - EV:0100056 - FBbt:00005055 - FMA:7152 - GAID:278 - MA:0002431 - MAT:0000018 - MESH:D004064 - MIAA:0000018 - TADS:0000170 - TAO:0000339 - WBbt:0005748 - XAO:0000125 - ZFA:0000339 - galen:DigestiveSystem - ncithesaurus:Digestive_System - uberon - alimentary system - alimentary tract - gastrointestinal system - gut - UBERON:0001007 - - - - - digestive system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + up regulation of acetylcholine secretion + up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion + upregulation of acetylcholine secretion + activation of acetylcholine secretion + stimulation of acetylcholine secretion + biological_process + GO:0014057 + positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission + + + + - - - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. - - FB:gg - NLM:alimentary+system - - - - - An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000129 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class - MA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + down regulation of acetylcholine secretion + down-regulation of acetylcholine secretion + downregulation of acetylcholine secretion + inhibition of acetylcholine secretion + biological_process + GO:0014058 + negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + regulation of noradrenaline secretion + biological_process + GO:0014061 + regulation of norepinephrine secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. + GOC:ef + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. - In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here - - - An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] - Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] - In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels - This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans - excretory system - - - - AAO:0010257 - BILA:0000015 - BTO:0001244 - BTO:0003092 - CALOHA:TS-1323 - EFO:0000803 - EHDAA2:0001601 - EHDAA:5901 - EMAPA:17366 - EV:0100095 - FBbt:00005056 - FMA:7159 - GAID:391 - MA:0000325 - MAT:0000027 - MESH:D014551 - MIAA:0000027 - NCIT:C12413 - TADS:0000162 - TAO:0000163 - UMLS:C1508753 - VHOG:0000723 - WBbt:0005736 - XAO:0000143 - ZFA:0000163 - galen:UrinaryTract - systema urinaria - systema urinarium - urinary system - urinary tract - uberon - renal or urinary system - renal/urinary system - UBERON:0001008 - - - - - renal system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + biological_process + regulation of serotonin release + GO:0014062 + regulation of serotonin secretion - + - The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. - - GO:0072001 - - - - - - Wikipedia + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + GOC:ef - - - - + + + regulation of serotonin release + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + down regulation of serotonin secretion + down-regulation of serotonin secretion + downregulation of serotonin secretion + inhibition of serotonin secretion + biological_process + positive regulation of serotonin release + GO:0014063 + negative regulation of serotonin secretion + - - - An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010257 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + GOC:ef - - - Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000723 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-3540428541 Kapoor BG, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook (2004) p.406 + + + positive regulation of serotonin release + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + up regulation of serotonin secretion + up-regulation of serotonin secretion + upregulation of serotonin secretion + activation of serotonin secretion + stimulation of serotonin secretion + biological_process + positive regulation of serotonin release + GO:0014064 + positive regulation of serotonin secretion + - - - In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels - GO + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. + GOC:ef - - - This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans - + + + positive regulation of serotonin release + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. + response to organic cyclic substance + biological_process + GO:0014070 + response to organic cyclic compound + - - - UMLS:C1508753 - ncithesaurus:Urinary_System + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. + GOC:ef - + - systema urinaria - FMA:7159 + response to organic cyclic substance + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. + response to amine stimulus + biological_process + GO:0014075 + response to amine + - - - systema urinarium - BTO:0003092 + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. + GOC:ef - - - renal or urinary system - EHDAA:5901 + + + response to amine stimulus + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. + biological_process + GO:0014706 + striated muscle tissue development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. + CL:0000737 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + biological_process + regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity + GO:0014733 + regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation + + + + + Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils. + biological_process + GO:0014734 + skeletal muscle hypertrophy + + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + biological_process + GO:0014741 + negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + biological_process + GO:0014742 + positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. - the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system - - - - - Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] - We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0000959 - CALOHA:TS-2103 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0001248 - uberon - systema cardiovasculare - UBERON:0001009 - - circulatory system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + biological_process + GO:0014743 + regulation of muscle hypertrophy - + - Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. - - - - - - - - - - - - - WBbt coelomocyte currently classified as circulating cell - - - - - Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000959 - AAO - AAO:BJB + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + positive regulation of muscle plasticity + GO:0014744 + positive regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001248 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.493 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + negative regulation of muscle plasticity + GO:0014745 + negative regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - systema cardiovasculare - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation. + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + biological_process + smooth muscle plasticity + GO:0014805 + smooth muscle adaptation + + + + + Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. - - Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] - Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] - relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] - Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] - adipose - In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. - in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue - - - - AAO:0000001 - AEO:000020 - BTO:0001487 - CALOHA:TS-0013 - EFO:0000790 - EHDAA2:0003120 - EMAPA:35112 - EV:0100381 - FMA:20110 - GAID:920 - MA:0000009 - MAT:0000015 - MESH:D000273 - MIAA:0000015 - NCIT:C12472 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002134 - UMLS:C0001527 - VHOG:0001284 - XAO:0003049 - ZFA:0005345 - galen:FattyTissue - fat - fat tissue - fatty tissue - uberon - adipose - bodyfat - fatty depot - UBERON:0001013 - - - - - - adipose tissue + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis. + biological_process + GO:0014807 + regulation of somitogenesis + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. - - - MESH:A10.165.114 - MGI:cwg - MP:0000003 - - - - - Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002134 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000001 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000001 - AAO - - - - - Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001284 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005423 Haugen F, Drevon CA, The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007) - - - - - in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0001527 - ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue - - - - - fat - MA:0000009 - - - - - adipose - BTO:0001487 - - - - - bodyfat - BTO:0001487 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis. + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. - - In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. - - - AAO:0011066 - BTO:0000887 - EFO:0001949 - EMAPA:32715 - EMAPA:35577 - FMA:32558 - MA:0000165 - NCIT:C13056 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000548 - UMLS:C0026845 - VSAO:0005038 - WBbt:0005737 - ZFA:0000548 - muscle group - muscles set - musculature - musculi - set of muscles - set of skeletal muscles - uberon - muscle system - muscles - musculature system - UBERON:0001015 - - - - - musculature - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior_labeled.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0014819 + regulation of skeletal muscle contraction - + - A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. - - - - - - - In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. - FMA + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. + biological_process + GO:0014821 + phasic smooth muscle contraction + - - - UMLS:C0026845 - ncithesaurus:Muscle + + + A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. + biological_process + GO:0014827 + intestine smooth muscle contraction + - - - musculi - FMA:32558 - FMA:TA - + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. + GOC:mtg_muscle + MA:0001539 + MSH:D007422 + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract). + biological_process + GO:0014831 + gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + - - - set of muscles - FMA:32558 + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract). + GOC:mtg_muscle + MA:0001523 + MSH:D041981 + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0014852 + regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction + - - - set of skeletal muscles - MA:0000165 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. + biological_process + GO:0014855 + striated muscle cell proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. + CL:0000737 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + biological_process + GO:0014856 + skeletal muscle cell proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + CL:0000188 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0014857 + regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000188 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0014858 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000188 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0014859 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000188 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. + neurotransmitter secretion involved in control of skeletal muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0014860 + neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction + + + + + The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle + GOC:tb + + + + + neurotransmitter secretion involved in control of skeletal muscle contraction + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. - - A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] - Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] - nervous - neural - - - - AAO:0000324 - BILA:0000079 - BIRNLEX:844 - BTO:0001484 - CALOHA:TS-1313 - EFO:0000802 - EHDAA2:0001246 - EHDAA:826 - EMAPA:16469 - EV:0100162 - FBbt:00005093 - FMA:7157 - GAID:466 - MA:0000016 - MAT:0000026 - MESH:D009420 - MIAA:0000026 - NCIT:C12755 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000396 - UMLS:C0027763 - VHOG:0000402 - WBbt:0005735 - XAO:0000177 - ZFA:0000396 - neuronames:3236 - neurological system - nerve net - uberon - systema nervosum - UBERON:0001016 - - - - - - nervous system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes. + biological_process + regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via membrane action potential + GO:0014861 + regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells. + biological_process + GO:0014866 + skeletal myofibril assembly + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + biological_process + GO:0014872 + myoblast division + - + - The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. - - BIRNLEX:844 - ISBN:0-14-051288-8 - ISBN:3110148986 - NLM:nervous+system - WB:rynl - ZFIN:curator + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity + GO:0014874 + response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000396 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity + GO:0014878 + response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000324 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + GO:0014879 + detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000402 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.117 + + + The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. + GOC:ef + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + biological_process + cardiac muscle plasticity + GO:0014887 + cardiac muscle adaptation + - - - UMLS:C0027763 - ncithesaurus:Nervous_System + + + The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + biological_process + striated muscle plasticity + GO:0014888 + striated muscle adaptation + - - - neurological system - GO:0050877 + + + Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. + biological_process + GO:0014895 + smooth muscle hypertrophy + - - - nerve net - + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. + Wikipedia:Muscle_hypertrophy + biological_process + GO:0014896 + muscle hypertrophy + - - - systema nervosum - - + + + The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils. + biological_process + GO:0014897 + striated muscle hypertrophy + + + + + The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + biological_process + GO:0014902 + myotube differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - + + + The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + biological_process + GO:0014904 + myotube cell development + + + + + The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0015831 + enzyme transport + biological_process + GO:0015031 + + + + protein transport + + + + + The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. - - Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] - The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0000090 - BAMS:CNS - BILA:0000080 - BIRNLEX:1099 - BTO:0000227 - CALOHA:TS-0150 - EFO:0000908 - EHDAA2:0000225 - EHDAA:828 - EMAPA:16470 - EMAPA:16754 - EV:0100163 - FBbt:00005094 - FMA:55675 - GAID:570 - MA:0000167 - MAT:0000457 - MESH:D002490 - NCIT:C12438 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000012 - UMLS:C0927232 - VHOG:0000293 - XAO:0000215 - ZFA:0000012 - neuronames:854 - CNS - systema nervosum centrale - cerebrospinal axis - uberon - neuraxis - UBERON:0001017 - - - - - - central nervous system + + Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24479 + ion transmembrane transporter activity + ion transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0015075 + monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - + - - FBbt - cjm + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - + + + Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:dgf + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24076 + GO:0022816 + RHEA:34963 + sodium transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0015081 + sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity + - + - The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. - - - GO:0021551 + Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:BHF + GOC:ai + RHEA:34963 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage. + Reactome:R-HSA-2161500 + Reactome:R-HSA-549129 + Reactome:R-HSA-549279 + Reactome:R-HSA-549304 + Reactome:R-HSA-549322 + Reactome:R-HSA-561054 + Reactome:R-HSA-561072 + Reactome:R-HSA-9794270 + Reactome:R-HSA-9794523 + Reactome:R-HSA-9795207 + molecular_function + GO:0015101 + organic cation transmembrane transporter activity + - - - - + + + Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000090 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + Reactome:R-HSA-2161500 + abacavir [extracellular] => abacavir [cytosol] - - - The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000012 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + Reactome:R-HSA-549129 + OCT1 transports organic cations into hepatic cells - - - The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). - BIRNLEX:1099 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-549279 + OCT2 mediates tubular uptake of organic cations in the kidney - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000293 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 (reference 1), ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 (reference 2), DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.040 Denes AS, Jekely G, Steinmetz PRH, Raible F, Snyman H, Prud'homme B, Ferrier DEK, Balavoine G and Arendt D, Molecular architecture of annelid nerve cord supports common origin of nervous system centralization in Bilateria. Cell (2007) (reference 3) + + + Reactome:R-HSA-549304 + OCT3 mediates renal clearance of organic cations - + - UMLS:C0927232 - BIRNLEX:1099 + Reactome:R-HSA-549322 + OCT1 transports organic cations out of hepatic cells - + - UMLS:C0927232 - ncithesaurus:Central_Nervous_System + Reactome:R-HSA-561054 + OCT2 mediates tubular secretion of organic cations in the kidney - - - CNS - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-561072 + OCT3 mediates renal uptake of organic cations - - - systema nervosum centrale - FMA:55675 - FMA:TA - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9794270 + SLCO1A2 transports Cipro(1+) into the cytosol - - - cerebrospinal axis - FMA:55675 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9794523 + SLC22A1 transports Cipro into renal cell - - - neuraxis - FMA:55675 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9795207 + SLC22A1 transports Cipro into hepatic cell - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. - - A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] - nervous - - - - - - AAO:0011070 - AEO:0000137 - BAMS:n - BIRNLEX:1615 - BSA:0000098 - BTO:0000925 - BTO:0001027 - CALOHA:TS-0772 - EHDAA2:0003137 - EHDAA:2851 - EHDAA:3776 - EHDAA:4657 - EMAPA:32808 - EMAPA:32815 - EV:0100371 - FBbt:00005105 - FMA:65132 - FMA:65239 - GAID:747 - GAID:758 - MA:0000217 - MA:0000228 - MESH:D010525 - NCIT:C12466 - NCIT:C12768 - NLX:147826 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0007009 - UMLS:C0027740 - UMLS:C0031119 - VHOG:0000901 - XAO:0000204 - XAO:0003047 - ZFA:0007009 - galen:Nerve - nerves - peripheral nerve - uberon - neural subtree - UBERON:0001021 - - - - - nerve + Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + molecular_function + GO:0015103 + inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity - - - - FBbt - - - + - An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. - - FBbt:00005105 - - - - - A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0007009 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-. + RHEA:28695 + Reactome:R-HSA-2752067 + molecular_function + GO:0015106 + bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity + - - - UMLS:C0027740 - ncithesaurus:Nerve + + + Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-. + GOC:ai - + - UMLS:C0031119 - ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve - - - - - nerves - TAO:0007009 - - - - - - peripheral nerve - - - - - - neural subtree - FMA:65132 + Reactome:R-HSA-2752067 + BESTs transport cytosolic HCO3- to extracellular region - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. - - AEO:0000201 - EHDAA2:0003200 - FBbt:00005136 - FMA:5868 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - nervus sensorius - uberon - afferent nerve - UBERON:0001027 - - - sensory nerve + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + pr + 2012-11-22T15:43:10Z + GO:1901677 + RHEA:32823 + molecular_function + phosphate transmembrane transporter activity + GO:0015114 + phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - + - - - - - - - AEO + + GO_REF:0000090 - + - A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. - - UBERON:cjm + Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai - - - nervus sensorius - - + + + phosphate transmembrane transporter activity + GOC:vw - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. - An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] - note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs - - AAO:0000555 - BAMS:SEN - BILA:0000099 - EFO:0000805 - EHDAA2:0003094 - EMAPA:16192 - FBbt:00007692 - FMA:75259 - MA:0002442 - MAT:0000031 - MIAA:0000031 - NLXANAT:090816 - TAO:0000282 - VHOG:0001674 - XAO:0003194 - ZFA:0000282 - organa sensuum - sense organ subsystem - sense organs - sense organs set - sensory subsystem - sensory systems - uberon - organa sensuum - sensory organ system - set of sense organs - UBERON:0001032 - - - - sensory system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png + Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other. + RHEA:34983 + Reactome:R-HSA-3560789 + Reactome:R-HSA-427555 + Reactome:R-HSA-8875871 + sulphate transporter activity + molecular_function + sulfate permease activity + GO:0015116 + sulfate transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. - - - - - - An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001674 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - organa sensuum - FMA:75259 - FMA:TA - + + + Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai - - - sense organs - FMA:75259 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-3560789 + Defective SLC26A2 does not cotransport extracellular SO4(2-), H+ to cytosol - - - sense organs set - FMA:75259 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-427555 + SLC26A1,2 cotransport SO4(2-), H+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - sensory systems - TAO:0000282 - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8875871 + SLC26A11 transports SO4(2-) from extracellular region to cytosol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid. + molecular_function + GO:0015123 + acetate transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + - - - organa sensuum - - + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - set of sense organs - FMA:75259 + + + Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid. + GOC:ai - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. - consider splitting class - One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG] - the extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells - Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] - In therians, a structure homologous to the yolk sac is is present, but contains no yolk platelets. Instead it is filled with fluid [ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)] - - - - BTO:0001471 - CALOHA:TS-1130 - EFO:0003078 - EHDAA2:0002212 - EHDAA:164 - EMAPA:16085 - FMA:87180 - GAID:1301 - MESH:D015017 - NCIT:C14128 - UMLS:C0043425 - VHOG:0000830 - uberon - saccus vitellinus - vesicula umbilicalis - UBERON:0001040 - - - - yolk sac - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray22.png + Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. + Reactome:R-HSA-194079 + Reactome:R-HSA-194083 + Reactome:R-HSA-194130 + Reactome:R-HSA-5661184 + Reactome:R-HSA-5661198 + Reactome:R-HSA-9733964 + molecular_function + GO:0015125 + bile acid transmembrane transporter activity - - - - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/635 + + + Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. + GOC:ai - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-194079 + SLCO1B3 transports ALB:(GCCA, TCCA) from extracellular region to cytosol - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-194083 + SLCO1B1 transports ALB:(GCCA,TCCA) from extracellular region to cytosol - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-194130 + Transport (influx) of bile salts and acids by OATP-A - - - A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5661184 + Defective SLCO1B1 does not transport BIL from extracellular region (blood) to cytosol (hepatocyte) - - - One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000830 - VHOG - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5661198 + Defective SLCO1B3 does not transport BIL from extracellular region (blood) to cytosol (hepatocyte) - - - the extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells - MP:0001718 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9733964 + SLC51A:SLC51B transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile. + Reactome:R-HSA-5679031 + Reactome:R-HSA-5679041 + Reactome:R-HSA-9661417 + molecular_function + GO:0015127 + bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity + - - - Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000830 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.187 + + + Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198547684 - + - UMLS:C0043425 - ncithesaurus:Yolk_Sac + Reactome:R-HSA-5679031 + Defective ABCC2 does not transport BMG,BDG from cytosol to extracellular region - - - saccus vitellinus - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5679041 + ABCC2 transports BMG,BDG from cytosol to extracellular region - - - vesicula umbilicalis - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9661417 + ABCG2 tetramer transports BMG,BDG from cytosol to extracellular region - + - - - Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. - Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure - The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011042 - BILA:0000085 - BTO:0000507 - EHDAA2:0000557 - EHDAA:520 - EMAPA:16548 - FBbt:00005379 - FMA:45616 - MA:0001526 - NCIT:C34180 - TGMA:0001014 - UMLS:C0231051 - VHOG:0000285 - XAO:0000232 - uberon - praeenteron - proenteron - UBERON:0001041 - - - - foregut - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray27.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:1901476 + sugar transporter + molecular_function + carbohydrate transporter activity + GO:0015144 + carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. - - - - - - The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. - MP:0000474 - - - - - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000285 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 - - - - - UMLS:C0231051 - ncithesaurus:Foregut - - - - - praeenteron - - + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - proenteron - - + + + Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. - A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. - Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] - Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. - The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] - relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] - (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] - MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme - pharynx - - - - AAO:0000967 - BTO:0001049 - CALOHA:TS-0785 - EFO:0000836 - EHDAA2:0001458 - EHDAA:2947 - EMAPA:16706 - EV:0100065 - FMA:46688 - GAID:155 - MA:0000432 - MESH:D010614 - NCIT:C12425 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000056 - UMLS:C0031354 - VHOG:0000462 - XAO:0003227 - ZFA:0000056 - galen:Pharynx - uberon - UBERON:0001042 - - - - - Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx - chordate pharynx + Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other. + molecular_function + GO:0015145 + monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. - - - - - - A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. - MESH:A03.867 - - - - - Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000967 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000056 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 - - - - - The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000462 - VHOG - - - - - - relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000967 - AAO - - - - - relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000967 - AAO - - - - - (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000462 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) Box essay 13.1 and Box figure I, p.502-503 - - - - - MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme - MA - - - - - pharynx - FMA:46688 - - - - - - UMLS:C0031354 - ncithesaurus:Pharynx + Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). - Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] - The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] - esophageal - esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) - - - - AAO:0000145 - ANISEED:1235301 - BTO:0000959 - CALOHA:TS-0700 - EFO:0000835 - EHDAA2:0001285 - EHDAA:2937 - EMAPA:16833 - EV:0100069 - FMA:7131 - GAID:291 - MA:0000352 - MAT:0000048 - MESH:D004947 - MIAA:0000048 - NCIT:C12389 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000204 - UMLS:C0014876 - VHOG:0000450 - XAO:0000127 - ZFA:0000204 - galen:Esophagus - gullet - oesophagus - uberon - UBERON:0001043 - - - - - - - esophagus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg + Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other. + Reactome:R-HSA-189242 + Reactome:R-HSA-5638222 + molecular_function + GO:0015149 + hexose transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - + - - FMA - MA + + GO_REF:0000090 - + - Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). - - - - - - - Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000145 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000450 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01658.x Mallatt J, Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: a new mouth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (1996) + Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) - MA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-189242 + SLC2A2 tetramer transports Fru, Gal, Glc from cytosol to extracellular region - + - UMLS:C0014876 - ncithesaurus:Esophagus + Reactome:R-HSA-5638222 + Defective SLC2A2 does not transport Fru, Gal, Glc from cytosol to extracellular region - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. - Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon - in FMA this represents an embryonic region. - - - - BILA:0000086 - BTO:0000863 - EFO:0001950 - EHDAA2:0001185 - EHDAA:983 - EMAPA:16255 - FBbt:00005383 - FMA:45617 - MA:0001564 - NCIT:C34210 - TGMA:0001036 - UMLS:C0231052 - VHOG:0000290 - XAO:0000103 - uberon - mesenteron - UBERON:0001045 - - - - - midgut - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg + Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + molecular_function + GO:0015159 + polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group. + GO:0015359 + amino acid transporter activity + Reactome:R-HSA-210439 + Reactome:R-HSA-212642 + Reactome:R-HSA-351963 + Reactome:R-HSA-351987 + Reactome:R-HSA-352029 + Reactome:R-HSA-352052 + Reactome:R-HSA-352059 + Reactome:R-HSA-352103 + Reactome:R-HSA-352107 + Reactome:R-HSA-352108 + Reactome:R-HSA-352119 + Reactome:R-HSA-352136 + Reactome:R-HSA-352158 + Reactome:R-HSA-352174 + Reactome:R-HSA-352182 + Reactome:R-HSA-352191 + Reactome:R-HSA-352232 + Reactome:R-HSA-352347 + Reactome:R-HSA-352354 + Reactome:R-HSA-352364 + Reactome:R-HSA-352371 + Reactome:R-HSA-352379 + Reactome:R-HSA-352385 + Reactome:R-HSA-375405 + Reactome:R-HSA-375417 + Reactome:R-HSA-375473 + Reactome:R-HSA-375487 + Reactome:R-HSA-375768 + Reactome:R-HSA-375770 + Reactome:R-HSA-375776 + Reactome:R-HSA-375790 + Reactome:R-HSA-376200 + Reactome:R-HSA-378513 + Reactome:R-HSA-379415 + Reactome:R-HSA-379426 + Reactome:R-HSA-379432 + Reactome:R-HSA-5653850 + Reactome:R-HSA-5655702 + Reactome:R-HSA-5659674 + Reactome:R-HSA-5659734 + Reactome:R-HSA-5659755 + Reactome:R-HSA-5660694 + Reactome:R-HSA-5660890 + Reactome:R-HSA-5660910 + Reactome:R-HSA-888592 + Reactome:R-HSA-8952726 + amino acid permease activity + amino acid/choline transmembrane transporter activity + molecular_function + general amino acid permease activity + hydroxy/aromatic amino acid permease activity + GO:0015171 + amino acid transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. - - GO:0007494 + + + + GO_REF:0000090 - - - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000290 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + + + Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon - WP + + + Reactome:R-HSA-210439 + glutamate uptake by astrocytes - - - in FMA this represents an embryonic region. - FMA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-212642 + L-Glutamine transport into neurons - + - UMLS:C0231052 - ncithesaurus:Midgut + Reactome:R-HSA-351963 + SLC6A18 transports Gly from extracellular region to cytosol - - - mesenteron - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-351987 + SLC6A6-mediated uptake of taurine and beta-alanine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. - Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class - the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium - - - - AAO:0011052 - BILA:0000087 - BTO:0000510 - EHDAA2:0000779 - EHDAA:975 - EMAPA:16715 - FBbt:00005384 - FMA:45618 - MA:0001527 - NCIT:C34188 - TGMA:0001020 - UMLS:C0231053 - VHOG:0000459 - XAO:0000104 - uberon - metenteron - UBERON:0001046 - - - - hindgut - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray472.png - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352029 + SLC6A12 (BGT-1)-mediated uptake of GABA and betaine - - - The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352052 + SLC6A20 cotransports L-Pro, Na+ from the extracellular region to cytosol - - - the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo - MP:0008786 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352059 + SLC6A15-mediated amino acid uptake - - - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000459 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352103 + SLC43A1 (LAT3)-mediated uptake of large neutral amino acids - - - in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium - FMA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352107 + SLC43A2 (LAT4)-mediated uptake of large neutral amino acids - + - UMLS:C0231053 - ncithesaurus:Hindgut + Reactome:R-HSA-352108 + SLC38A2 (ATA2)-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids - - - metenteron - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352119 + SLC38A1 (ATA1)-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. - - - AEO:0000171 - BTO:0001886 - EFO:0001652 - EHDAA2:0003171 - FBbt:00005495 - FMA:86589 - MAT:0000482 - NCIT:C34275 - UMLS:C0678727 - XAO:0003043 - uberon - bud - future organ - placode - primordia - rudiment - UBERON:0001048 - - - - primordium - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352136 + SLC38A4 (ATA3)-mediated uptake of arginine and lysine - - - Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. - - BTO:0001886 - FB:DJS - FB:FBrf0089570 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352158 + SLC16A10-mediated uptake of aromatic amino acids - + - UMLS:C0678727 - ncithesaurus:Primordium + Reactome:R-HSA-352174 + SLC38A3-mediated uptake of glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and alanine - - - placode - FBbt:00005495 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352182 + SLC38A5-mediated uptake of glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and serine - - - primordia - XAO:0003043 - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352191 + SLC7A8-mediated uptake of neutral amino acids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. - Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] - The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium - - - - AAO:0010617 - BTO:0001057 - CALOHA:TS-2371 - DHBA:10154 - EHDAA2:0001254 - EHDAA:2869 - EHDAA:908 - EMAPA:16164 - EMAPA:16757 - FMA:293882 - MAT:0000069 - MESH:D054259 - MIAA:0000069 - NCIT:C34226 - TAO:0001135 - UMLS:C0231024 - VHOG:0000307 - XAO:0003204 - ZFA:0001135 - neuronames:1365 - uberon - neural primordium - presumptive central nervous system - tubus neuralis - UBERON:0001049 - - - - neural tube - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352232 + SLC7A5:SLC3A2 transports neutral amino acids from extracellular region to cytosol - - - In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352347 + SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular serine for cytosolic alanine, threonine, or cysteine - - - Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010617 - AAO - AAO:JOR + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352354 + SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular cysteine for cytosolic alanine, serine, or threonine - - - The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000307 - VHOG - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352364 + SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular alanine for cytosolic serine, threonine, or cysteine - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000307 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352371 + SLC1A4-mediated exchange of extracellular threonine for cytosolic alanine, serine, or cysteine - - - The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium - GO:0021915 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-352379 + SLC1A5-mediated exchange of alanine and glutamine across the plasma membrane - + - UMLS:C0231024 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Tube + Reactome:R-HSA-352385 + SLC1A5-mediated exchange of glutamine and alanine across the plasma membrane - - - tubus neuralis - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375405 + SLC36A2 cotransports Gly, L-Pro with H+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. - - The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - rectal - In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html - - - - AAO:0010401 - BTO:0001158 - CALOHA:TS-1180 - EFO:0000848 - EHDAA2:0001592 - EHDAA:5836 - EMAPA:17896 - EV:0100081 - FMA:14544 - GAID:311 - MA:0000336 - MAT:0000050 - MESH:D012007 - MIAA:0000050 - NCIT:C12390 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0034896 - VHOG:0001751 - XAO:0000238 - galen:Rectum - terminal portion of intestine - uberon - intestinum rectum - rectal sac - terminal portion of large intestine - UBERON:0001052 - - - - - rectum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif - - - - - 4 - cjm + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375417 + SLC36A1-mediated uptake of glycine, proline, and alanine - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375473 + SLC6A19 cotransports neutral amino acids, Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375487 + SLC6A14 cotransports SLC6A14 ligands, Cl-, 2Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375768 + SLC7A2, isoform B (CAT-2B)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids - - - The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000492 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375770 + SLC7A3 (CAT-3)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids - - - The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001751 - VHOG - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-375776 + SLC7A1 (CAT-1)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids - + - UMLS:C0034896 - ncithesaurus:Rectum + Reactome:R-HSA-375790 + SLC7A2, isoform A (CAT-2A)-mediated uptake of cationic amino acids - - - intestinum rectum - BTO:0001158 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-376200 + SLC7A10-mediated uptake of small neutral amino acids - - - - - - - - - Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. - - - AAO:0010841 - AEO:0000000 - BILA:0000000 - BIRNLEX:6 - CARO:0000000 - EHDAA2:0002229 - FBbt:10000000 - FMA:62955 - HAO:0000000 - MA:0000001 - NCIT:C12219 - TAO:0100000 - TGMA:0001822 - UMLS:C1515976 - WBbt:0000100 - XAO:0000000 - ZFA:0100000 - uberon - UBERON:0001062 - - anatomical entity - anatomical entity - - - - Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. - - FMA:62955 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-378513 + SLC7A11-mediated exchange of extracellular cysteine and cytosolic glutamate - + - UMLS:C1515976 - ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance + Reactome:R-HSA-379415 + SLC7A7:SLC3A2 exchanges L-Arg for L-Leu, Na+ across the plasma membrane - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. - in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue - - These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] - Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. - UBERON:0005627 - pancreatic duct - - - - BTO:0002362 - EHDAA2:0001396 - EHDAA:6905 - EMAPA:17510 - FMA:16003 - GAID:337 - MA:0000126 - MESH:D010183 - NCIT:C12272 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 - UMLS:C0030288 - VHOG:0000256 - chief pancreatic duct - duct of Wirsung - main pancreatic duct - uberon - canal of Wirsung - ductus pancreatis ventralis - hepaticopancreatic duct - UBERON:0001064 - - - ventral pancreatic duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png - - - - - FMA + + + Reactome:R-HSA-379426 + SLC7A6 (y+LAT2)-mediated exchange of extracellular leucine for cytosolic arginine - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-379432 + SLC7A9:SLC3A1 exchanges L-Arg, CySS-, L-Lys for L-Leu - - - A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5653850 + Defective SLC36A2 does not cotransport Gly, L-Pro with H+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000256 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5655702 + Defective SLC3A1 (in SLC7A9:SLC3A1) does not exchange L-Arg, CySS-, L-Lys for L-Leu - - - Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. - WP + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5659674 + Variant SLC6A14 cotransports SLC6A14 ligands, Cl-, 2Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol - - - pancreatic duct - MESH:A03.734.667 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5659734 + Defective SLC6A19 does not cotransport neutral amino acids, Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol - + - UMLS:C0030288 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Duct + Reactome:R-HSA-5659755 + Defective SLC6A18 does not transport Gly from extracellular region to cytosol - - - chief pancreatic duct - FMA:16003 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5660694 + Variant SLC6A20 does not cotransport L-Pro, Na+ from extracellulare region to cytosol - - - duct of Wirsung - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5660890 + Defective SLC7A9 (in SLC7A9:SLC3A1) does not exchange L-Arg, CySS-, L-Lys for L-Leu - - - main pancreatic duct - MA:0000126 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5660910 + Defective SLC7A7 does not exchange L-Arg for L-Leu, Na+ across the plasma membrane - - - canal of Wirsung - BTO:0002362 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-888592 + Loading of GABA into clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle lumen - - - hepaticopancreatic duct - BTO:0002362 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8952726 + SLC38A9 transports L-Arg from lysosomal lumen to cytosol - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region - - EMAPA:36392 - FMA:10462 - FMA:22985 - MA:0000498 - back skin - back zone of skin - skin, dorsal region - zone of skin of back - uberon - UBERON:0001068 - - skin of back + Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:0015392 + molecular_function + GO:0015205 + nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity - - - - MA + + + Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other. + ISBN:0198506732 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - MA - + + Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14372 + inorganic solute uptake transmembrane transporter activity + inorganic uptake permease activity + molecular_function + GO:0015318 + + inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity + - + - A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon. + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. + cellular_component + GO:0015629 + actin cytoskeleton + - - - back zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + + + The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. + cellular_component + GO:0015630 + microtubule cytoskeleton + - - - skin, dorsal region - + + + The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015669 + + gas transport + - - - zone of skin of back - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. - - not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO - - - - AAO:0010218 - AAO:0010416 - BTO:0004696 - EFO:0001953 - EHDAA2:0000461 - EMAPA:18611 - FMA:10635 - GAID:480 - MA:0001929 - MESH:D002342 - NCIT:C32551 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0007275 - VHOG:0000265 - XAO:0000345 - external carotid - uberon - arteria carotis externa - UBERON:0001070 - - - - - - external carotid artery - https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif + The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015671 + oxygen transport - - - - MA + + + The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + biological_process + GO:0015695 + organic cation transport + - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + biological_process + GO:0015698 + inorganic anion transport + - + - A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. - MGI:anna - - - - - UMLS:C0007275 - ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery - - - - - external carotid - AAO:0010218 - - - - - arteria carotis externa - - + The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015701 + bicarbonate transport + + + + + The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. - - - - - EMAPA:37117 - FMA:10665 - MA:0002052 - NCIT:C53005 - UMLS:C0226271 - superficial branch of transverse cervical artery - uberon - UBERON:0001071 - - - The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] - superficial cervical artery + The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + biological_process + GO:0015711 + organic anion transport - + - It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. - - - - - - EMAPA:37117 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0226271 - ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery - - - - - superficial branch of transverse cervical artery - + The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015718 + monocarboxylic acid transport + + + + + The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + bile acid transport + bile salt transport + biological_process + GO:0015721 + bile acid and bile salt transport + + + + + The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:krc + PMID:12663868 + PMID:14699511 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. - Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011083 - BTO:0002682 - EHDAA2:0000611 - EMAPA:18416 - FMA:10951 - GAID:548 - MA:0000480 - MESH:D014682 - NCIT:C12815 - UMLS:C0042458 - VHOG:0001194 - XAO:0000388 - galen:InferiorVenaCava - inferior caval vein - inferior vena cava - posterior vena cava - uberon - caudal vena cava - postcava - vena cava inferior - UBERON:0001072 - - - - posterior vena cava - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png + The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015723 + bilirubin transport - - - - lexical - - - + - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - - - - - - Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. - FMA:10951 - - - - - Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001194 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 - - - - - UMLS:C0042458 - ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vena_Cava - - - - - inferior caval vein - - - - - - inferior vena cava - - - - - - posterior vena cava - - - - - - caudal vena cava - VHOG:0001194 - - - - - vena cava inferior - - - - - - - vena cava inferior - BTO:0002682 + The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. - - EMAPA:37601 - FMA:11338 - MA:0000332 - ileocaecal junction - uberon - UBERON:0001073 - ileocecal junction + The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. + vw + 2017-02-19T10:41:27Z + GO:1905950 + biological_process + monosaccharide transport + GO:0015749 + monosaccharide transmembrane transport - + - A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. - - - - - - EMAPA:37601 - MA:th + The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000069 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + biological_process + GO:0015774 + polysaccharide transport + + + + + The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. - - Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO] - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - check ZFA, should actually be thoracic cavity. Note that Hyman defines the cavity as the space between the heart and the sac (but defines the sac as parietal) - - - - BSA:0000091 - EHDAA2:0001434 - EMAPA:16131 - EMAPA:16132 - FMA:11350 - MA:0000053 - NCIT:C38662 - TAO:0002220 - UMLS:C0225972 - VHOG:0000556 - ZFA:0001655 - galen:PericardialSpace - cavity of pericardial sac - pericardial space - uberon - cavitas pericardiaca - UBERON:0001074 - - - - pericardial cavity + The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015833 + + peptide transport - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + amine/polyamine transport + GO:0015837 + + amine transport + - + - A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002220 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000556 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 - - - - - check ZFA, should actually be thoracic cavity. Note that Hyman defines the cavity as the space between the heart and the sac (but defines the sac as parietal) - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C0225972 - ncithesaurus:Pericardial_Cavity - - - - - pericardial space - - - - - - cavitas pericardiaca - - + The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + + The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0015873 + biological_process + GO:0015844 + monoamine transport + + + + + The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0015849 + + organic acid transport + + + + + The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. - - EMAPA:32747 - FMA:12148 - MA:0000079 - TAO:0002247 - VHOG:0000607 - ZFA:0001615 - cardiac ventricle endocardium - endocardium of cardiac ventricle - endocardium of heart ventricle - endocardium of lower chamber of heart - endocardium of ventricle of heart - heart ventricle endocardium - lower chamber of heart endocardium - ventricle endocardium - ventricle of heart endocardium - ventricular endocardium - uberon - ventricle endocardial tissue - UBERON:0001081 - - - endocardium of ventricle + The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. + organic alcohol transport + biological_process + GO:0015850 + organic hydroxy compound transport - - - - EHDAA2-abduced + + + The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + nucleobase transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0015851 + nucleobase transport + - + - Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - cardiac ventricle endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of cardiac ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of heart ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of lower chamber of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of ventricle of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart ventricle endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower chamber of heart endocardium - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - ventricle of heart endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventricle endocardial tissue - VHOG:0000607 + nucleobase transmembrane transport + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. - The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - FMA:12150 - TAO:0005058 - ZFA:0005058 - cardiac ventricle epicardium - ventricular epicardium - uberon - UBERON:0001082 - - epicardium of ventricle + The directed movement of protein-DNA complexes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + DNA-protein complex transport + biological_process + GO:0015869 + protein-DNA complex transport - + - An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. - - - - - - The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005058 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + The directed movement of protein-DNA complexes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - cardiac ventricle epicardium - OBOL:automatic + DNA-protein complex transport + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. + biological_process + GO:0015870 + acetylcholine transport + + + + + The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. - Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] - - EFO:0003088 - EMAPA:32748 - FMA:12151 - MA:0000082 - TAO:0005061 - VHOG:0000604 - ZFA:0005061 - ventricle myocardium - ventricular myocardium - uberon - ventricle cardiac muscle - UBERON:0001083 - - - - myocardium of ventricle + The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + levarterenol transport + noradrenaline transport + biological_process + GO:0015874 + norepinephrine transport - - - - - - - - - - - - + - Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005061 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000604 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 - - - - - ventricle cardiac muscle - VHOG:0000604 + The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region - - - FMA:12166 - FMA:24756 - MA:0000582 - NCIT:C52757 - UMLS:C0205029 - adult head zone of skin - head skin - head zone of skin - zone of skin of adult head - zone of skin of head - uberon - UBERON:0001084 - skin of head + The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GO:0015931 + + + nucleobase-containing compound transport - + - A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0205029 - ncithesaurus:Head_Skin - - - - - adult head zone of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head zone of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - zone of skin of adult head - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - - - zone of skin of head - OBOL:automatic + + + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region - - - EMAPA:37278 - FMA:12167 - FMA:23093 - MA:0000517 - NCIT:C12295 - UMLS:C0205031 - torso zone of skin - trunk skin - trunk zone of skin - zone of skin of torso - zone of skin of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0001085 - skin of trunk + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. + molecular_function + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity + GO:0015932 + nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity - + - A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37278 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0205031 - ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Trunk + Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai - - - torso zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + + + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. + chemoorganotrophy + biological_process + GO:0015980 + energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds + - - - trunk zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. + 2014-03-06T11:37:54Z + GO:0016021 + GO:0098589 + GO:0098805 + Wikipedia:Biological_membrane + Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein + integral component of membrane + integral to membrane + membrane region + region of membrane + whole membrane + cellular_component + transmembrane + GO:0016020 + + + + + + + + membrane + - - - zone of skin of torso - OBOL:automatic + + + A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - - - zone of skin of trunk - OBOL:automatic + + + transmembrane + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. - - BTO:0003080 - FMA:12273 - MA:0002532 - MAT:0000500 - ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid - uberon - UBERON:0001087 - - pleural fluid + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + GO:0006724 + GO:0044240 + Wikipedia:Lipid_catabolism + lipid breakdown + lipid catabolism + lipid degradation + lipolysis + multicellular organism lipid catabolic process + multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0016042 + lipid catabolic process - + - Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. - FMA:12273 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. - Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] - It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage - The fluid contains hyaluronan secreted by fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane, lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) secreted by the surface chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma - - - BTO:0001339 - CALOHA:TS-0996 - ENVO:02000039 - FMA:12277 - GAID:265 - MA:0002544 - MESH:D013582 - NCIT:C33718 - TAO:0005154 - UMLS:C0039097 - ZFA:0005154 - galen:SynovialFluid - joint fluid - uberon - UBERON:0001090 - - - synovial fluid + A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. + GO:0044235 + GO:0071842 + cell organisation + cellular component organisation at cellular level + cellular component organisation in other organism + cellular component organization at cellular level + cellular component organization in other organism + biological_process + cell organization and biogenesis + GO:0016043 + + + + + cellular component organization - - - - FMA - - - + - Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. - + A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. + GOC:ai + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005154 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + cellular component organisation at cellular level + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0039097 - ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid + + + cellular component organisation in other organism + GOC:mah - - - joint fluid - + + + cell organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. - First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO] - Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO] - 1 - C1 - - - - AAO:0000709 - EHDAA:10606 - EMAPA:19431 - FMA:12519 - GAID:236 - MA:0001421 - MESH:D001270 - NCIT:C32239 - TAO:0001167 - UMLS:C0004170 - ZFA:0001167 - C1 vertebra - atlas - atlas (CI) - atlas [C I] - atlas vertebra - cervical atlas - cervical vertebra 1 - first cervical vertebra - vertebra 1 - uberon - UBERON:0001092 - - - - vertebral bone 1 + The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. + GO:0048591 + cellular growth + growth of cell + biological_process + cell expansion + metabolic process resulting in cell growth + metabolism resulting in cell growth + non-developmental cell growth + non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism + GO:0016049 + + + + + cell growth - + - The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. - - - - - - First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000709 - AAO - AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 - - - - - Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001167 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - UMLS:C0004170 - ncithesaurus:C1_Vertebra + The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. + GOC:ai - - - atlas [C I] - FMA:12519 - FMA:TA - + + + non-developmental cell growth + GOC:mah - - - cervical atlas - MP:0011576 + + + non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. + vesicle organisation + biological_process + vesicle organization and biogenesis + GO:0016050 + + + vesicle organization + - - - cervical vertebra 1 - MA:0001421 - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. + GOC:mah - - - vertebra 1 - TAO:0001167 + + + vesicle organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + GO:0006093 + anabolic carbohydrate metabolic process + anabolic carbohydrate metabolism + carbohydrate anabolism + carbohydrate biosynthesis + carbohydrate formation + carbohydrate synthesis + biological_process + GO:0016051 + carbohydrate biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. - Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO] - not the same as ZFA term 'axis' - 2 - - - - EHDAA:10608 - EMAPA:19432 - FMA:12520 - GAID:237 - MA:0001422 - MESH:D001368 - NCIT:C32240 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv-zaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001168 - UMLS:C0004457 - ZFA:0001168 - axis (CII) - axis [C II] - axis vertebra - cervical axis - vertebra 2 - C2 vertebra - cervical vertebra 2 - second cervical vertebra - uberon - C2 - axis - UBERON:0001093 - - - - vertebral bone 2 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + jl + 2012-10-23T16:34:39Z + GO:0006095 + GO:0044276 + GO:0044724 + carbohydrate breakdown + carbohydrate catabolism + carbohydrate degradation + catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process + catabolic carbohydrate metabolism + multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process + biological_process + single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process + GO:0016052 + carbohydrate catabolic process - - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + organic acid anabolism + organic acid biosynthesis + organic acid formation + organic acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0016053 + organic acid biosynthetic process + - + - The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. - - - - - - Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001168 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - UMLS:C0004457 - ncithesaurus:C2_Vertebra + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + organic acid breakdown + organic acid catabolism + organic acid degradation + biological_process + GO:0016054 + organic acid catabolic process + - - - axis [C II] - FMA:12520 - FMA:TA - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon. + changes in polarization state of photoreceptor cell membrane + biological_process + GO:0016057 + regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell + - - - cervical axis - MP:0004608 + + + Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon. + GOC:dph + GOC:hb + GOC:tb - + - vertebra 2 - ZFA:0001168 - - - - - cervical vertebra 2 - MA:0001422 - + changes in polarization state of photoreceptor cell membrane + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. + RNA metabolism + biological_process + GO:0016070 + + + + + + RNA metabolic process + - - - axis - MA:0001422 - + + + The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). - Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO] - we deliberately merge the MA classes as we believe them equivalent - UBERON:0006070 - caudal vertebra - - - - EMAPA:18374 - FMA:12527 - MA:0000310 - MA:0001420 - NCIT:C32334 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000326 - UMLS:C0223616 - XAO:0003079 - ZFA:0000326 - galen:CoccygealVertebra - caudal vertebrae - caudal vertebral bone - caudal vertebral bone element - coccygeal segment - coccygeal vertebra - fused tail vertebra - uberon - coccygea - tail vertebra - UBERON:0001095 - - - - Taxon notes In zebrafish, Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae - caudal vertebra + A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25421 + GO:0006899 + vesicle transport + vesicular transport + nonselective vesicle transport + biological_process + protein sorting along secretory pathway + vesicle trafficking + GO:0016192 + + + + + + + vesicle-mediated transport - + - Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). - + A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. + GOC:ai + GOC:mah + ISBN:08789310662000 - - - Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000326 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + vesicular transport + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + biological_process + GO:0016202 + regulation of striated muscle tissue development + - - - we deliberately merge the MA classes as we believe them equivalent - MA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 + Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 + phosphokinase activity + molecular_function + GO:0016301 + + + + + + Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. + kinase activity + - - - caudal vertebra - FMA:12527 - + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - UMLS:C0223616 - ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Vertebra - - - - - caudal vertebrae - - - - - - coccygeal vertebra - FMA:12527 - - - - - fused tail vertebra - + Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 + FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm - - - coccygea - MA:0001420 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 + FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines + + + + + + + + The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. + Wikipedia:Phosphorylation + biological_process + GO:0016310 + + + phosphorylation + - - - tail vertebra - MA:0000310 + + + The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - + - + + - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35326 - FMA:12611 - MA:0002691 - anatomical wall of esophagus - anatomical wall of gullet - anatomical wall of oesophagus - esophageal wall - esophagus anatomical wall - esophagus wall - gullet anatomical wall - gullet wall - oesophagus anatomical wall - oesophagus wall - wall of gullet - wall of oesophagus - uberon - UBERON:0001096 - wall of esophagus + The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. + biological_process + GO:0016321 + female meiosis chromosome segregation - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. + GOC:ai - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + + Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0048130 + oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organisation + biological_process + GO:0016325 + oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization + + + + + Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:mtg_sensu + PMID:11231123 + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0016331 + morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24787 + + Wikipedia:Cell_migration + biological_process + GO:0016477 + cell migration + + + + + The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. + GOC:cjm + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:pf + Wikipedia:Cell_migration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. + down regulation of angiogenesis + down-regulation of angiogenesis + downregulation of angiogenesis + inhibition of angiogenesis + biological_process + GO:0016525 + negative regulation of angiogenesis + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - + - A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. - - The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. - The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG] - phrenic - The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] - The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution) - barrier between thoracic and abdominal cavities; stop gastric contents from refluxing into the oesophagus - breathing control - originate from the cervical somites, likely C3-C5[PMID:23586979] - - - - BTO:0000341 - CALOHA:TS-0198 - EFO:0000937 - EHDAA2:0003495 - EMAPA:17701 - EV:0100376 - FMA:13295 - GAID:158 - MA:0001904 - MAT:0000502 - MESH:D003964 - NCIT:C12702 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0011980 - VHOG:0000713 - diaphragm muscle - diaphragm of thorax - thoracic diaphragm - uberon - midriff - phren - UBERON:0001103 - - - - - diaphragm + The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum. + + Wikipedia:Sarcoplasm + cellular_component + GO:0016528 + sarcoplasm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. - MP:0002279 - - - - - - - - - - - The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. - GO:0060539 + The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum. + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. + EC:2.-.-.- + Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 + Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 + Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 + Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 + molecular_function + GO:0016740 + + + + + + + + + + + transferase activity + - - - The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000713 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471384618 Colbert EH, Evolution of the vertebrates: a history of the backboned animals through time (2001) p.278 + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - UMLS:C0011980 - ncithesaurus:Diaphragm + Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 + PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 - - - diaphragm muscle - BTO:0000341 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 + PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 - - - midriff - BTO:0000341 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 + TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK - - - phren - BTO:0000341 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 + TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 - + - - - - - - - - - - Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. - some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts - - - - EMAPA:18306 - FMA:13361 - MA:0000360 - NCIT:C49579 - UMLS:C0447541 - hepatic lobe - liver lobe - lobus hepatis - uberon - UBERON:0001113 - lobe of liver + + + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). + EC:2.7.-.- + molecular_function + GO:0016772 + + Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. + transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups - - - - FMA - - - + - Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. - - - - - - UMLS:C0447541 - ncithesaurus:Liver_Lobe + Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. - Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] - - - - EHDAA2:0001008 - EHDAA:4001 - EMAPA:18311 - FMA:13362 - MA:0000363 - NCIT:C33481 - TAO:0005173 - UMLS:C0227481 - VHOG:0001424 - ZFA:0005173 - liver right lobe - lobus hepaticus dexter - right liver lobe - uberon - 2nd lobe - gall bladder lobe - lobus hepatis dexter - right hepatic lobe - second lobe - UBERON:0001114 - - - right lobe of liver - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. + EC:3.-.-.- + Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 + Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 + Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 + Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 + Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 + Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 + Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 + Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 + molecular_function + GO:0016787 + + + + + + + + + + + hydrolase activity - + - The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. - + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. + ISBN:0198506732 - - - Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005173 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 + Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes - + - UMLS:C0227481 - ncithesaurus:Right_Lobe_of_the_Liver + Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 + Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation - - - lobus hepaticus dexter - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 + ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE - - - right liver lobe - ZFA:0005173 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 + ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB - - - 2nd lobe - TAO:0005173 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 + CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS - - - gall bladder lobe - ZFA:0005173 - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 + HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP - - - lobus hepatis dexter - - - - - - - right hepatic lobe - EMAPA:18311 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 + ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP - - - second lobe - TAO:0005173 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 + Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate - + - - - The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. - Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] - - - - EHDAA2:0001000 - EHDAA:3995 - EMAPA:18307 - FMA:13363 - MA:0000361 - NCIT:C32965 - TAO:0005172 - UMLS:C0227486 - VHOG:0001423 - ZFA:0005172 - left liver lobe - liver left lobe - lobus hepaticus sinister - uberon - left hepatic lobe - lobus hepatis sinister - UBERON:0001115 - - - left lobe of liver - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png + + + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond. + EC:3.1.-.- + Reactome:R-HSA-162729 + Reactome:R-HSA-9023617 + Reactome:R-HSA-9023619 + Reactome:R-HSA-9749609 + esterase activity + molecular_function + GO:0016788 + + hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds - + - The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. - + Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond. + GOC:jl - - - Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005172 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + Reactome:R-HSA-162729 + uPAR-acyl-GPI + H2O -> uPAR + long-chain fatty acid - + - UMLS:C0227486 - ncithesaurus:Left_Lobe_of_the_Liver + Reactome:R-HSA-9023617 + Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin - - - lobus hepaticus sinister - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9023619 + Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin - - - left hepatic lobe - EMAPA:18307 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9749609 + BCHE hydrolyzes ASA- + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. + biological_process + insecticide resistance + insecticide susceptibility/resistance + GO:0017085 + response to insecticide + - - - lobus hepatis sinister - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. + GOC:curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. - Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton - - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO] - The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] - Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG] - spine - - - - - AAO:0000699 - AAO:0000734 - BTO:0000818 - EFO:0001369 - EHDA:10119 - EMAPA:35919 - FMA:13478 - GAID:106 - MA:0002416 - MESH:D013131 - NCIT:C12998 - NCIT:C33588 - NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001559 - UMLS:C0037949 - UMLS:C1519455 - VHOG:0001142 - VSAO:0000185 - XAO:0003074 - ZFA:0001559 - galen:SpinalColumn - backbone - vertebral column skeleton - uberon - columna vertebralis - dorsal spine - spinal column - vertebral region - UBERON:0001130 - - - - - vertebral column + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. + nucleolus biogenesis + nucleolus assembly + biological_process + GO:0017126 + nucleologenesis - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. - - - VSAO:0000185 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000185 - VSAO - VSAO:curator - - - - - The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001142 - VHOG - - - - - - - Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001142 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.53 - - - - - spine - FMA:13478 - - - - - UMLS:C0037949 - ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Column - - - - - UMLS:C1519455 - ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Column + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - - - backbone - FMA:13478 - - - + - vertebral column skeleton - AAO:0000699 - - - - - columna vertebralis - BTO:0000818 - - - - - dorsal spine - BTO:0000818 - - - - - spinal column - MESH:A02.835.232.834 + nucleolus assembly + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. - Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO] - - - AAO:0000729 - EMAPA:37803 - FMA:13479 - MA:0001454 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - vertebra neural canal - uberon - foramen vertebrale - UBERON:0001131 - - vertebral foramen - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png + The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. + stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:0017145 + stem cell division - + - A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. - - - - - - - Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000729 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - EMAPA:37803 - MA:th - - - - - foramen vertebrale - - + The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. + GOC:jid + ISBN:0582227089 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. - check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit - UBERON:0007096 - - AAO:0010245 - AEO:0000142 - BILA:0000134 - BTO:0000199 - CALOHA:TS-0440 - EHDAA2:0003142 - EMAPA:32688 - FMA:14068 - TAO:0005280 - ZFA:0005280 - galen:CardiacMuscle - galen:CardiacMuscleTissue - ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle - cardiac muscle - cardiac muscle muscle tissue - cardiac muscle textus muscularis - heart muscle muscle tissue - heart muscle textus muscularis - heart myocardium muscle tissue - heart myocardium textus muscularis - muscle of heart muscle tissue - muscle of heart textus muscularis - muscle tissue of cardiac muscle - muscle tissue of heart muscle - muscle tissue of heart myocardium - muscle tissue of muscle of heart - muscle tissue of myocardium - myocardium muscle tissue - myocardium textus muscularis - textus muscularis of cardiac muscle - textus muscularis of heart muscle - textus muscularis of heart myocardium - textus muscularis of muscle of heart - textus muscularis of myocardium - uberon - cardiac musculature - UBERON:0001133 - - - - cardiac muscle tissue - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GO:0016478 + down regulation of protein biosynthetic process + down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process + downregulation of protein biosynthetic process + negative regulation of protein anabolism + negative regulation of protein biosynthesis + negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process + negative regulation of protein formation + negative regulation of protein synthesis + inhibition of protein biosynthetic process + biological_process + protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity + protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity + GO:0017148 + negative regulation of translation + + + + + - + - - - - - - - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. - ZFA:0005280 - - - - - cardiac muscle muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle textus muscularis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart muscle muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart muscle textus muscularis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart myocardium muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart myocardium textus muscularis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle of heart muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle of heart textus muscularis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle tissue of cardiac muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle tissue of heart muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle tissue of heart myocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle tissue of muscle of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle tissue of myocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - myocardium muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - myocardium textus muscularis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of cardiac muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of heart muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of heart myocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of muscle of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac musculature - BILA:0000134 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. - TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. - Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] - Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] - This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] - - - - - skeletal muscle - - - - EMAPA:32716 - FMA:14069 - MA:0002439 - NCIT:C13050 - UMLS:C0242692 - uberon - skeletal muscle system - somatic muscle - UBERON:0001134 - - - - skeletal muscle tissue - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Skeletal_muscle.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + biological_process + GO:0017157 + regulation of exocytosis - + - Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. - - - - - - Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005277 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] - FMA:14069 - FMA - - - - - This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000319 - VHOG - - PMID:10368962 Oota S, Saitou N, Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees. Mol Biol Evol (1999) - - - - - UMLS:C0242692 - ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - skeletal muscle system - BTO:0001103 - - - - - somatic muscle - BTO:0001103 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + heterocycle anabolism + heterocycle biosynthesis + heterocycle formation + heterocycle synthesis + biological_process + GO:0018130 + heterocycle biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. - A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] - Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] - (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] - GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells. - - - AAO:0010244 - AEO:0000141 - BTO:0001260 - CALOHA:TS-0943 - EFO:0000889 - EHDAA2:0003141 - EMAPA:32717 - EV:0100378 - FMA:14070 - GAID:167 - MA:0000166 - MAT:0000303 - MESH:D009130 - MIAA:0000303 - NCIT:C12437 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005274 - UMLS:C1267092 - VHOG:0001246 - WBbt:0005781 - XAO:0000175 - ZFA:0005274 - galen:SmoothMuscle - galen:SmoothMuscleTissue - involuntary muscle - non-striated muscle - smooth muscle - textus muscularis nonstriatus - visceral muscle - visceral muscle tissue - uberon - textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus - UBERON:0001135 - - - - - smooth muscle tissue - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Glatte_Muskelzellen.jpg + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe + carbolic acid metabolic process + carbolic acid metabolism + hydroxybenzene metabolic process + hydroxybenzene metabolism + phenol-containing compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:0018958 + Note that phenol metabolism is not included as a child of 'xenobiotic metabolism' because although it is synthesized industrially, phenol is also found naturally in animal wastes and other organic materials. It is often formed by the activity of microorganisms, which can chemically modify a variety of xenobiotic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds. + phenol-containing compound metabolic process - + - Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. - - GO:0006939 - - - - - A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005274 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010244 - AAO - AAO:CAM - - - - - (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001246 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21416 Chiodin M, Achatz JG, Wanninger A, Martinez P, Molecular architecture of muscles in an acoel and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2011) - - - - - UMLS:C1267092 - ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - textus muscularis nonstriatus - FMA:14070 - FMA:TA - - - - - - visceral muscle - - - - - - visceral muscle tissue - - - - - - textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus - - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + + The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23491 + jl + 2012-09-19T16:01:37Z + GO:0033057 + GO:0044704 + GO:0044705 + reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism + reproductive behaviour + multi-organism reproductive behavior + multicellular organism reproductive behavior + biological_process + single-organism reproductive behavior + GO:0019098 + reproductive behavior + + + + + The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. + GOC:jl + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + regulation of lipid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019216 + regulation of lipid metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). - - - - AEO:0000111 - BTO:0002422 - CALOHA:TS-1183 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 - EHDAA:2331 - EHDAA:2349 - EHDAA:295 - EHDAA:6073 - EHDAA:640 - EHDAA:646 - EMAPA:32856 - FMA:14074 - MA:0000565 - NCIT:C33105 - UMLS:C0086610 - uberon - UBERON:0001136 - - mesothelium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Mesothelium_peritoneal_wash_high_mag.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + regulation of steroid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019218 + regulation of steroid metabolic process - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism + biological_process + regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GO:0019219 + regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process + - + - Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). - - FMA:14074 + Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:go_curators - - - UMLS:C0086610 - ncithesaurus:Mesothelium + + + regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. - dorsal - In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body - - - - BTO:0001713 - CALOHA:TS-2223 - EFO:0001405 - FMA:14181 - GAID:30 - MESH:D001415 - NCIT:C13062 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0004600 - galen:Back - back - back of body proper - dorsal part of organism - uberon - UBERON:0001137 - - - dorsum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/432px-Gray-back.PNG + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + regulation of phosphate metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019220 + regulation of phosphate metabolic process - + - A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. - - BSPO:0000063 - UBERONREF:0000006 - - - - - UMLS:C0004600 - ncithesaurus:Back - - - - - back - FMA:14181 - - - - - back of body proper - FMA:14181 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GO:0044246 + regulation of metabolism + regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process + regulation of organismal metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0019222 + + regulation of metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + regulation of organismal metabolic process + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - BTO:0002783 - EHDAA2:0001951 - EHDAA:5414 - EMAPA:18643 - FMA:14332 - MA:0002179 - NCIT:C33687 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwFjmM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226742 - VHOG:0000552 - uberon - upper mesenteric vein - vena mesenterica superior - UBERON:0001138 - - - superior mesenteric vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. + conduction of nerve impulse + signal transmission along a neuron + biological_process + GO:0019226 + transmission of nerve impulse - - - - - - - - - - - - + - In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0226742 - ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Vein - - - - - upper mesenteric vein - BTO:0002783 + The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. + GOC:curators + ISBN:0815316194 - - - vena mesenterica superior - - + + + conduction of nerve impulse + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. - todo - add developmental relationships for other taxa - - - - AAO:0010216 - EMAPA:19221 - FMA:14337 - GAID:534 - MA:0003015 - MESH:D006503 - NCIT:C32736 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000670 - UMLS:C0019155 - XAO:0000387 - ZFA:0000670 - galen:HepaticVein - liver vein - vein of liver - vena hepatica - uberon - hepatic veins - venae hepaticae - UBERON:0001143 - - - - hepatic vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png + An action potential that occurs in a neuron. + biological_process + generation of action potential + GO:0019228 + neuronal action potential - - - - - - - - - FMA-abduced-lr - - - + - Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. - - - ZFA:0000670 - - - - - UMLS:C0019155 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Vein - - - - - liver vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of liver - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vena hepatica - + An action potential that occurs in a neuron. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:tb - + - hepatic veins - + generation of action potential + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. + Wikipedia:Nociception + perception of physiological pain + biological_process + nociception + GO:0019233 + sensory perception of pain + - - - venae hepaticae - - + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. + GOC:curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + hexose metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019318 + hexose metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. - - - - EMAPA:18644 - FMA:14346 - MA:0002186 - NCIT:C53058 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvrST5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226720 - female reproductive system gonad vein - female reproductive system gonada vein - gonad of female reproductive system vein - gonada of female reproductive system vein - ovary vein - vein of female reproductive system gonad - vein of female reproductive system gonada - vein of gonad of female reproductive system - vein of gonada of female reproductive system - vein of ovary - uberon - vena ovarica dextra - vena ovarica sinistra - UBERON:0001145 - - ovarian vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Ovarschaf.jpg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + hexose anabolism + hexose biosynthesis + hexose formation + hexose synthesis + biological_process + GO:0019319 + hexose biosynthetic process - + - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. - - - - - - UMLS:C0226720 - ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Vein - - - - - female reproductive system gonad vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive system gonada vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of female reproductive system vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of female reproductive system vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ovary vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of female reproductive system gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of female reproductive system gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of gonad of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of gonada of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of ovary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vena ovarica dextra - - - - - - - vena ovarica sinistra - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + hexose breakdown + hexose catabolism + hexose degradation + biological_process + GO:0019320 + hexose catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + MetaCyc:PHENOLDEG-PWY + phenol-containing compound breakdown + phenol-containing compound catabolism + phenol-containing compound degradation + biological_process + GO:0019336 + phenol-containing compound catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + acetate anabolism + acetate biosynthesis + acetate formation + acetate synthesis + biological_process + GO:0019413 + acetate biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. + aromatic compound anabolism + aromatic compound biosynthesis + aromatic compound formation + aromatic compound synthesis + aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthesis + aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0019438 + aromatic compound biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. + aromatic compound breakdown + aromatic compound catabolism + aromatic compound degradation + aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic process + aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism + biological_process + GO:0019439 + aromatic compound catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. - Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] - The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - - - - EHDAA2:0000333 - EHDAA:3045 - EMAPA:16841 - FMA:14539 - GAID:290 - MA:0000355 - MESH:D003549 - NCIT:C32421 - OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005166 - UMLS:C0010672 - VHOG:0000213 - ZFA:0005166 - galen:CysticDuct - uberon - ductus cysticus - UBERON:0001152 - - - - cystic duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0006411 + GO:0044267 + GO:0044268 + Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism + cellular protein metabolic process + cellular protein metabolism + protein metabolic process and modification + protein metabolism + protein metabolism and modification + multicellular organismal protein metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0019538 + + + + + + protein metabolic process - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. + GOC:ma - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. + biological_process + catechol breakdown + catechol catabolic process + catechol catabolism + catechol degradation + GO:0019614 + catechol-containing compound catabolic process + - + - The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0009493 - - - - - Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005166 - TAO - ZFIN:Curator - - - - - The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000213 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0010672 - ncithesaurus:Cystic_Duct - - - - - ductus cysticus - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. - Some references do not consider the caecum to be part of the colon. - TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates - The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO] - The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - colonic - In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP] - In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN] - it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] - - - - AAO:0010400 - BTO:0000269 - CALOHA:TS-0158 - EFO:0000361 - EMAPA:18939 - EV:0100079 - FMA:14543 - GAID:309 - MA:0000335 - MAP:0000001 - MAT:0000526 - MESH:D003106 - NCIT:C12382 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000706 - UMLS:C0009368 - VHOG:0000648 - XAO:0000243 - ZFA:0000706 - galen:Colon - large bowel - posterior intestine - uberon - hindgut - UBERON:0001155 - - - - - colon + + Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. + biological_process + GO:0019725 + + + cellular homeostasis - - - - 3 - cjm - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. - - - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Some references do not consider the caecum to be part of the colon. - - - - - - The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010400 - AAO - UBERON:0001155 - - - - - The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000706 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000648 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. + Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism + secondary metabolism + secondary metabolite metabolic process + secondary metabolite metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019748 + + + + + secondary metabolic process + - - - UMLS:C0009368 - ncithesaurus:Colon + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. - - - - - - BTO:0000645 - CALOHA:TS-2044 - EFO:0000846 - EMAPA:36391 - FMA:14548 - MAT:0000314 - MESH:D012809 - MIAA:0000314 - NCIT:C12384 - NCIT:C33550 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0227391 - UMLS:C0682612 - galen:SigmoidColon - uberon - colon sigmoideum - pelvic colon - sigmoid colon - sigmoid flexure - UBERON:0001159 - - - - sigmoid colon - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + carboxylic acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0019752 + carboxylic acid metabolic process - - - - FMA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + ISBN:0198506732 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + one carbon compound transport + biological_process + GO:0019755 + one-carbon compound transport + - + - The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. - - - - - - UMLS:C0227391 - ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Colon - - - - - UMLS:C0682612 - ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Flexure - - - - - colon sigmoideum - - + The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - - - The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. - we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type - - - - BTO:0000505 - EMAPA:35810 - FMA:14560 - MA:0002559 - NCIT:C12258 - UMLS:C0227230 - galen:GastricCorpus - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - gastric body - stomach body - uberon - corpus gastricum - corpus ventriculare - corpus ventriculi - gastric corpus - UBERON:0001161 - - body of stomach - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + + + The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites. + cellular_component + GO:0019867 + + outer membrane - - - - FMA - - - + - The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. - - GO:0014845 - - - - - UMLS:C0227230 - ncithesaurus:Body_of_Stomach - - - - - corpus gastricum - - - - - - - corpus gastricum - BTO:0000505 - - - - - corpus ventriculare - BTO:0000505 + The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22929 + Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction + biological_process + GO:0019953 + Note that gametes may come from two organisms or from a single organism in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. Note also that sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. + sexual reproduction + - - - corpus ventriculi - BTO:0000505 + + + A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). + Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells. + biological_process + GO:0021501 + prechordal plate formation + + + + + The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. - antrum - - - - BTO:0001732 - EFO:0002555 - EMAPA:17891 - FMA:14579 - GAID:332 - MA:0001624 - MESH:D011706 - NCIT:C12259 - UMLS:C0034193 - galen:PyloricAntrum - antrum of stomach - stomach pyloric antrum - uberon - antrum of Willis - antrum pylori - antrum pyloricum - gastric antrum - stomach antrum - UBERON:0001165 - - - - pyloric antrum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. + biological_process + GO:0021510 + spinal cord development - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010790 - - - - - UMLS:C0034193 - ncithesaurus:Antrum_Pylori - - - - - antrum of Willis - BTO:0001732 - - - - - antrum pylori - BTO:0001732 - - - - - antrum pyloricum - - - - - - - antrum pyloricum - BTO:0001732 - - - - - gastric antrum - BTO:0001732 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. - We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands - The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - pyloric - - - - BTO:0001146 - EHDAA2:0001580 - EHDAA:4860 - EMAPA:17631 - FMA:14581 - GAID:333 - MA:0002560 - MESH:D011708 - NCIT:C12260 - UMLS:C0034196 - VHOG:0000420 - galen:Pylorus - pars pylorica - pars pylorica gastricae - pyloric part of stomach - pyloric region - stomach pyloric region - uberon - valvula pylori - UBERON:0001166 - - - pylorus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0021514 + ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation - + - The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010785 - - - - - The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000420 - VHOG - - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000420 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 - - - - - UMLS:C0034196 - ncithesaurus:Pylorus - - - - - pars pylorica - - - - - - pars pylorica gastricae - FMA:14581 - FMA:TA - - - - - - stomach pyloric region - EHDAA2:0001580 - - - - - valvula pylori - - + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. - - EMAPA:35826 - FMA:14582 - MA:0002692 - galen:WallOfStomach - anatomical wall of stomach - anatomical wall of ventriculus - gastric wall - stomach anatomical wall - stomach wall - ventriculus anatomical wall - ventriculus wall - wall of ventriculus - uberon - UBERON:0001167 - - wall of stomach + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0021515 + cell differentiation in spinal cord - + - The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010783 - - - - - anatomical wall of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35785 - FMA:14615 - MA:0002696 - NCIT:C33573 - UMLS:C1519375 - anatomical wall of small bowel - anatomical wall of small intestine - small bowel anatomical wall - small bowel wall - small intestinal wall - small intestine anatomical wall - small intestine wall - wall of small bowel - uberon - UBERON:0001168 - wall of small intestine + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output. + biological_process + GO:0021517 + ventral spinal cord development - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1519375 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Wall_Tissue - - - - - anatomical wall of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of small bowel - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35470 - FMA:14619 - MA:0002695 - anatomical wall of large intestine - large intestinal wall - large intestine anatomical wall - large intestine wall - uberon - UBERON:0001169 - wall of large intestine + + + + + + + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0021522 + spinal cord motor neuron differentiation - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestine anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. - - - EMAPA:37745 - FMA:14643 - MA:0001555 - mesentery (proper) - mesentery proper - small intestinal mesentery - small intestine mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0001170 - mesentery of small intestine + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0021523 + somatic motor neuron differentiation - - - - FMA - - - + - The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. - - - - - - EMAPA:37745 - MA:th - - - - - mesentery (proper) - - - - - - mesentery proper - FMA:14643 - - - - - small intestinal mesentery - FMA:14643 - - - - - small intestine mesentery - OBOL:automatic + The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - + - - - + + - - - - - - - + - The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. - - FMA:14653 - MA:0002498 - NCIT:C33341 - UMLS:C0682620 - uberon - UBERON:0001171 - - portal lobule + The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube. + biological_process + GO:0021532 + neural tube patterning - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - MA - MP - - - + - The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. - MP:0008992 - - - - - UMLS:C0682620 - ncithesaurus:Portal_Lobule + The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. - - - EMAPA:35497 - FMA:14654 - MA:0002496 - NCIT:C32992 - UMLS:C0227519 - liver acinus - portal acinus - uberon - UBERON:0001172 - hepatic acinus - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - cjm - + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0021533 + cell differentiation in hindbrain + - + - The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0227519 - ncithesaurus:Liver_Acinus + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. - - Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] - - - - AAO:0011020 - EMAPA:35172 - FMA:14665 - UMLS:C0005423 - XAO:0000455 - uberon - biliary tract - UBERON:0001173 - - - - The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] - biliary tree + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain. + biological_process + GO:0021534 + cell proliferation in hindbrain - + - A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. - - - - - - Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011020 - AAO - UBERON:0001173 - - - - - UMLS:C0005423 - ncithesaurus:Biliary_Tract - - - - - biliary tract - MA:0001273 + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain. + biological_process + GO:0021535 + cell migration in hindbrain + + + + + The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. - - Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] - The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] - - - - EHDAA2:0000303 - EHDAA:3981 - EMAPA:17201 - FMA:14667 - GAID:282 - MA:0001631 - MESH:D003135 - NCIT:C12698 - TAO:0005165 - UMLS:C0009437 - VHOG:0000214 - ZFA:0005165 - galen:CommonBileDuct - ductus choledochus (biliaris) - uberon - ductus choledochus - UBERON:0001174 - - - - - common bile duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + biological_process + GO:0021545 + cranial nerve development - + - The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. - MGI:csmith - MP:0009495 - - - - - Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005165 - TAO - ZFIN:Curator - - - - - The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000214 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0009437 - ncithesaurus:Common_Bile_Duct - - - - - ductus choledochus - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + biological_process + GO:0021546 + rhombomere development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. - TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part - The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - - - - EMAPA:19101 - FMA:14668 - GAID:286 - MA:0002660 - MESH:D006500 - NCIT:C32356 - UMLS:C0019149 - VHOG:0000220 - uberon - ductus hepaticus communis - hepatic duct - UBERON:0001175 - - - common hepatic duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg + The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + MHB biosynthesis + MHB formation + midbrain-hindbrain boundary biosynthesis + midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation + biological_process + isthmus biosynthesis + isthmus formation + GO:0021547 + midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:15541513 - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + MHB biosynthesis + GOC:cls - - - - - - - - - definitional + + + MHB formation + GOC:cls - - - Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. - - ZFIN:curator + + + midbrain-hindbrain boundary biosynthesis + GOC:cls - - - The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000220 - VHOG - + + + midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation + GOC:cls - - - UMLS:C0019149 - ncithesaurus:Common_Hepatic_Duct + + + isthmus biosynthesis + GOC:cls - + - ductus hepaticus communis - - + isthmus formation + GOC:cls - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. - The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] - - - EHDAA2:0001727 - EHDAA:3992 - EMAPA:32797 - FMA:14669 - MA:0001639 - NCIT:C33476 - UMLS:C0227557 - VHOG:0000217 - uberon - ductus hepaticus dexter - UBERON:0001176 - right hepatic duct + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + biological_process + GO:0021548 + pons development - + - The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. - - - - - - The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000217 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0227557 - ncithesaurus:Right_Hepatic_Duct - - - - - ductus hepaticus dexter - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. - The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] - - - EHDAA2:0000941 - EHDAA:3990 - EMAPA:32795 - FMA:14670 - MA:0001638 - NCIT:C32960 - UMLS:C0227560 - VHOG:0000218 - uberon - ductus hepaticus sinister - UBERON:0001177 - left hepatic duct + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + biological_process + medulla development + myelencephalon development + GO:0021550 + medulla oblongata development - + - The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. - - - - - - The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000218 - VHOG - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - - - UMLS:C0227560 - ncithesaurus:Left_Hepatic_Duct + + + medulla development + GOC:cls - + - ductus hepaticus sinister - + myelencephalon development + GOC:cls - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. - - - EMAPA:16592 - FMA:14703 - TAO:0005132 - VHOG:0001528 - ZFA:0005132 - visceral serous membrane of peritoneum - uberon - UBERON:0001178 - - - visceral peritoneum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + biological_process + GO:0021551 + central nervous system morphogenesis - + - The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. - - - - - - - visceral serous membrane of peritoneum - UBERON:cjm + The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0582227089 - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. - The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG] - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - - - - BTO:0001782 - EHDAA2:0001446 - EMAPA:16138 - FMA:14704 - GAID:24 - MA:0000054 - MESH:D010529 - NCIT:C12769 - UMLS:C1704247 - VHOG:0000852 - uberon - cavitas peritonealis - saccus serosus peritonei - UBERON:0001179 - - - peritoneal cavity + The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + MHB morphogenesis + isthmus morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0021555 + midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. - - - - - - - - The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000852 - VHOG - - - - - - - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000852 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 - - - - - UMLS:C1704247 - ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Cavity - - - - - cavitas peritonealis - - + The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:15541513 - - - cavitas peritonealis - BTO:0001782 + + + MHB morphogenesis + GOC:cls - - - saccus serosus peritonei - - + + + isthmus morphogenesis + GOC:cls - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + biological_process + GO:0021556 + central nervous system formation + + + + + The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An artery that supplies an ovary. - - In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. - - - - EMAPA:18620 - FMA:14761 - MA:0002012 - NCIT:C33242 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwOa9PZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226411 - ovarian arterial tree - uberon - arteria ovarica - UBERON:0001190 - - - ovarian artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + cranial nerve 5 development + cranial nerve V development + biological_process + CN V development + GO:0021559 + trigeminal nerve development - + - An artery that supplies an ovary. - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - - - In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. - + + + cranial nerve 5 development + GOC:cls - - - UMLS:C0226411 - ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Artery + + + cranial nerve V development + GOC:cls - + - arteria ovarica - - + CN V development + GOC:cls - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - An artery that supplies the liver. - currently defined in a generic fashion. - - Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] - - - BTO:0004307 - EMAPA:17859 - FMA:14769 - GAID:496 - MA:0001963 - MESH:D006499 - NCIT:C32729 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005161 - UMLS:C0019145 - ZFA:0005161 - galen:HepaticArtery - arteria hepatica propria - uberon - arteria hepatica - UBERON:0001193 - - - - hepatic artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Common_and_proper_hepatic_artery.png + The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + biological_process + rhombencephalon morphogenesis + GO:0021575 + hindbrain morphogenesis - + - An artery that supplies the liver. - - - - - - - Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005161 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0019145 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Artery - - - - - arteria hepatica propria - - - - - - arteria hepatica - BTO:0004307 + The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - + + - - An artery that supplies the spleen. - - - - - EMAPA:19216 - FMA:14773 - GAID:510 - MA:0001991 - MA:0003177 - MESH:D013157 - NCIT:C33597 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0037996 - galen:SplenicArtery - arteria splenica - lienal artery - uberon - arteria lienalis - UBERON:0001194 - - - splenic artery - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/268 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png + The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + biological_process + GO:0021576 + hindbrain formation - + - An artery that supplies the spleen. - - - - - - UMLS:C0037996 - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Artery - - - - - arteria splenica - - - - - - - lienal artery - MA:0001991 - - - - - arteria lienalis - - + The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. - The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. - - - - BTO:0001308 - CALOHA:TS-0404 - EMAPA:35817 - FMA:14907 - GAID:321 - MA:0002683 - MESH:D005753 - NCIT:C32656 - OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0017136 - galen:GastricMucosa - gastric mucosa - gastric mucous membrane - mucosa of organ of stomach - mucosa of organ of ventriculus - mucosa of ventriculus - mucous membrane of stomach - mucous membrane of ventriculus - organ mucosa of stomach - organ mucosa of ventriculus - stomach mucosa - stomach mucosa of organ - stomach mucous membrane - stomach organ mucosa - tunica mucosa (gaster) - tunica mucosa gastricae - ventriculus mucosa - ventriculus mucosa of organ - ventriculus mucous membrane - ventriculus organ mucosa - uberon - Magenschleimhaut - tunica mucosa gastris - UBERON:0001199 - - - mucosa of stomach - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Normal_gastric_mucosa_intermed_mag.jpg + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + biological_process + GO:0021578 + hindbrain maturation - + - The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. - - - - - - The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0017136 - ncithesaurus:Gastric_Mucosa - - - - - mucosa of organ of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa gastricae - FMA:14907 - FMA:TA - - - - - - ventriculus mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Magenschleimhaut - BTO:0001308 - - - - - tunica mucosa gastris - - - - - - - tunica mucosa gastris - BTO:0001308 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. - - - BTO:0002110 - EMAPA:35825 - FMA:14908 - MA:0002685 - NCIT:C32663 - UMLS:C0227211 - gastric submucosa - stomach submucosa - submucosa of ventriculus - tela submucosa (gaster) - tela submucosa gastricae - ventriculus submucosa - uberon - submucous layer of stomach - tela submucosa ventriculi - UBERON:0001200 - - submucosa of stomach + The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + biological_process + medulla morphogenesis + myelencephalon morphogenesis + GO:0021579 + medulla oblongata morphogenesis - + - The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010794 - - - - - UMLS:C0227211 - ncithesaurus:Gastric_Submucosa - - - - - submucosa of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa gastricae - FMA:14908 - FMA:TA - - - - - - ventriculus submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucous layer of stomach - BTO:0002110 - - - - - tela submucosa ventriculi - BTO:0002110 + The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. - TODO - check serosa/peritoneum - - - EMAPA:35822 - FMA:14914 - MA:0001626 - NCIT:C32662 - UMLS:C1517453 - anatomical wall of stomach serosa - anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane - anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa - anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane - gastric wall serosa - gastric wall serous membrane - serosa of anatomical wall of stomach - serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus - serosa of gastric wall - serosa of stomach anatomical wall - serosa of stomach wall - serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall - serosa of ventriculus wall - serosa of wall of stomach - serosa of wall of ventriculus - serous coat of stomach - serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach - serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus - serous membrane of gastric wall - serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall - serous membrane of stomach wall - serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall - serous membrane of ventriculus wall - serous membrane of wall of stomach - serous membrane of wall of ventriculus - stomach anatomical wall serosa - stomach anatomical wall serous membrane - stomach serosa - stomach wall serosa - stomach wall serous membrane - tunica serosa (gaster) - tunica serosa gastricae - ventriculus anatomical wall serosa - ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane - ventriculus wall serosa - ventriculus wall serous membrane - visceral peritoneum of stomach - wall of stomach serosa - wall of stomach serous membrane - wall of ventriculus serosa - wall of ventriculus serous membrane - uberon - gastric serosa - UBERON:0001201 - - serosa of stomach + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + biological_process + medulla biosynthesis + medulla formation + myelencephalon biosynthesis + myelencephalon formation + GO:0021580 + medulla oblongata formation - + - The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010793 - - - - - UMLS:C1517453 - ncithesaurus:Gastric_Serosal_Surface - - - - - anatomical wall of stomach serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of anatomical wall of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of gastric wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of stomach anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of stomach wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of ventriculus wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of wall of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of gastric wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of stomach wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of ventriculus wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of wall of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of wall of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach anatomical wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach anatomical wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica serosa gastricae - FMA:14914 - FMA:TA - - - - - - ventriculus anatomical wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of stomach serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of stomach serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of ventriculus serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of ventriculus serous membrane - OBOL:automatic + The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. - - (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] - - - AAO:0011093 - EMAPA:19251 - FMA:14916 - MA:0002952 - NCIT:C33433 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0227238 - VHOG:0001466 - XAO:0000457 - pyloric valve - uberon - UBERON:0001202 - - - pyloric sphincter + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + biological_process + medulla maturation + myelencephalon maturation + GO:0021582 + medulla oblongata maturation - + - A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. - - - - - - (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001466 - VHOG - - - - - - - UMLS:C0227238 - ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Sphincter - - - - - pyloric valve - + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - - - BTO:0001259 - CALOHA:TS-0941 - EMAPA:35780 - FMA:14933 - MA:0002686 - NCIT:C33568 - UMLS:C0227261 - mucosa of organ of small bowel - mucosa of organ of small intestine - mucosa of small bowel - mucous membrane of small bowel - mucous membrane of small intestine - organ mucosa of small bowel - organ mucosa of small intestine - small bowel mucosa - small bowel mucosa of organ - small bowel mucous membrane - small bowel organ mucosa - small intestinal mucosa - small intestine mucosa - small intestine mucosa of organ - small intestine mucous membrane - small intestine organ mucosa - tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) - tunica mucosa intestini tenuis - uberon - UBERON:0001204 - mucosa of small intestine + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + biological_process + GO:0021583 + pons morphogenesis - + - A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0227261 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Mucosa - - - - - mucosa of organ of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa intestini tenuis - FMA:14933 - FMA:TA - + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. - - - - BTO:0002112 - EMAPA:37564 - FMA:14934 - MA:0001562 - NCIT:C33572 - UMLS:C0227268 - small bowel submucosa - small intestinal submucosa - small intestine submucosa - submucosa of small bowel - tela submucosa (intestinum tenue) - tela submucosa intestini tenuis - uberon - UBERON:0001205 - - submucosa of small intestine + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + biological_process + GO:0021584 + pons formation - + - Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. - - - - - - EMAPA:37564 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0227268 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Submucosa - - - - - small bowel submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa intestini tenuis - BTO:0002112 - + The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia - - EMAPA:37561 - FMA:14938 - MA:0001558 - serosa of small bowel - serous coat of small intestine - serous membrane of small bowel - serous membrane of small intestine - small bowel serosa - small bowel serous membrane - small intestinal serosa - small intestine serosa - small intestine serous membrane - tunica serosa (intestinum tenue) - tunica serosa intestini tenuis - visceral peritoneum of small intestine - uberon - UBERON:0001206 - serosa of small intestine + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + biological_process + GO:0021586 + pons maturation - + - A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37561 - MA:th - - - - - serosa of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica serosa intestini tenuis - FMA:14938 - FMA:TA - + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + biological_process + GO:0021593 + rhombomere morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - - CALOHA:TS-2106 - EMAPA:35467 - FMA:14969 - MA:0002688 - NCIT:C32926 - UMLS:C0734203 - large intestinal mucosa - large intestine mucosa - large intestine mucosa of organ - large intestine mucous membrane - large intestine organ mucosa - mucosa of organ of large intestine - mucous membrane of large intestine - organ mucosa of large intestine - tunica mucosa intestini crassi - uberon - UBERON:0001207 - mucosa of large intestine + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + biological_process + GO:0021594 + rhombomere formation - + - A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0734203 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Mucosa - - - - - large intestine mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestine mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestine organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa intestini crassi - FMA:14969 - FMA:TA - + The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0002111 - EMAPA:37560 - FMA:14970 - MA:0002690 - NCIT:C32930 - UMLS:C0734204 - large intestinal submucosa - large intestine submucosa - tela submucosa intestini crassi - uberon - submucous layer of large intestine - UBERON:0001208 - submucosa of large intestine + The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + biological_process + GO:0021602 + cranial nerve morphogenesis - + - A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37560 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0734204 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Submucosa - - - - - tela submucosa intestini crassi - FMA:14970 - FMA:TA - - - - - - submucous layer of large intestine - BTO:0002111 + The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + biological_process + GO:0021603 + cranial nerve formation + + + + + The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - check serosa/peritoneum - - EMAPA:37557 - FMA:14975 - MA:0001546 - NCIT:C32929 - UMLS:C1517727 - large intestinal serosa - large intestine serosa - large intestine serous membrane - serous coat of large intestine - serous membrane of large intestine - tunica serosa intestini crassi - visceral peritoneum of large intestine - uberon - UBERON:0001209 - serosa of large intestine + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + biological_process + GO:0021605 + cranial nerve maturation - + - A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37557 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1517727 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Serosal_Surface - - - - - large intestine serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica serosa intestini crassi - FMA:14975 - FMA:TA - + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + biological_process + GO:0021626 + central nervous system maturation + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + biological_process + CN V maturation + GO:0021635 + trigeminal nerve maturation + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. - currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum. - Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds - - - - BTO:0002376 - EMAPA:36522 - FMA:15060 - GAID:314 - MA:0001551 - MESH:D002011 - NCIT:C13010 - UMLS:C0006323 - Brunner's gland - gland of Brunner - submucosal gland of duodenum - uberon - glandula duodenales - glandula duodenales Brunneri - UBERON:0001212 - - - - duodenal gland + The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + biological_process + CN V morphogenesis + GO:0021636 + trigeminal nerve morphogenesis - - - - MP - - - - - - compound tubular + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - MA-inferred - - - - - - - - - - - FMA, modified - - - - - + + - - + + - - unclear for Aves - ISBN:9780521617147 - + + The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + biological_process + CN V biosynthesis + CN V formation + GO:0021638 + trigeminal nerve formation + - + - A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. - - - - - - Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds - ISBN:9780521617147 - - - - - UMLS:C0006323 - ncithesaurus:Brunner_s_Gland - - - - - Brunner's gland - FMA:15060 - - - - - gland of Brunner - FMA:15060 - - - - - glandula duodenales - BTO:0002376 - - - - - - glandula duodenales Brunneri - BTO:0002376 - + The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. + biological_process + GO:0021654 + rhombomere boundary formation + + + + + The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. - in mammals, villi are (largely?) absent from the large intestine, so we treat this as equivalent to small intestinal villus. small/large subdivision may not make sense for all species for which this is present (see ZFA). Note that VHOG quotes ISBN:978-0030223693 as suggesting there are some villi in the large intestine - The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but, the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] - the BTO class refers to a generic villous - UBERON:0007607 - - - - BTO:0003121 - EMAPA:35784 - FMA:15072 - MA:0001563 - NCIT:C33874 - TAO:0005125 - UMLS:C1519988 - ZFA:0005125 - enteric villi - enteric villous - enteric villus - intestinal villi - villi intestinales - villus - villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) - uberon - intestinal villus layer - small intestine villus - villi intestinales - UBERON:0001213 - - - - intestinal villus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0021675 + nerve development - - - - FMA + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - ZFA - + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state. + biological_process + GO:0021682 + nerve maturation + - + - The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. - MGI:csmith - MGI:rbabiuk - MP:0008108 - - - - - The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but, the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005125 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - the BTO class refers to a generic villous - BTO - - - - - UMLS:C1519988 - ncithesaurus:Villus - - - - - enteric villi - HP:0011473 - - - - - - enteric villous - HP:0011473 - - - - - enteric villus - HP:0011473 - - - - - intestinal villi - ZFA:0005125 - - - - - - villi intestinales - - - - - - villus - BTO:0003121 - - - - - villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) - FMA:15072 - - - - - small intestine villus - MA:0001563 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. + biological_process + GO:0021700 + + developmental maturation + - - - villi intestinales - - + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - BTO:0002782 - EHDAA2:0000819 - EHDAA:8712 - EMAPA:18642 - FMA:15391 - MA:0002178 - NCIT:C32782 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226754 - VHOG:0001118 - uberon - lower mesenteric vein - vena mesenterica inferior - UBERON:0001215 - - - inferior mesenteric vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + locus caeruleus development + locus coeruleus development + biological_process + GO:0021703 + locus ceruleus development - - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA/obol - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + biological_process + GO:0021704 + locus ceruleus morphogenesis + - + - A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0226754 - ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Vein - - - - - lower mesenteric vein - BTO:0002782 - - - - - vena mesenterica inferior - - + The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. - - - EMAPA:35779 - FMA:15651 - MA:0001554 - NCIT:C49297 - UMLS:C1711325 - lamina propria mucosa of small bowel - lamina propria mucosa of small intestine - lamina propria mucosae of small bowel - lamina propria mucosae of small intestine - lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine - lamina propria of small bowel - small bowel lamina propria - small bowel lamina propria mucosa - small bowel lamina propria mucosae - small intestine lamina propria - small intestine lamina propria mucosa - small intestine lamina propria mucosae - uberon - UBERON:0001238 - lamina propria of small intestine + The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + biological_process + GO:0021705 + locus ceruleus formation - - - + + + The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + biological_process + GO:0021706 + locus ceruleus maturation + - + - Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. - GOC:Obol - - - - - UMLS:C1711325 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosae of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel lamina propria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + biological_process + superior olive development + GO:0021718 + superior olivary nucleus development + - - - small intestine lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. - - - BTO:0000642 - EMAPA:35440 - FMA:15695 - GAID:296 - MA:0001537 - MESH:D007413 - NCIT:C49241 - UMLS:C0021839 - bowel mucosa - bowel mucosa of organ - bowel mucous membrane - bowel organ mucosa - intestine mucosa - intestine mucosa of organ - intestine mucous membrane - intestine organ mucosa - mucosa of bowel - mucosa of intestine - mucosa of organ of bowel - mucosa of organ of intestine - mucous membrane of bowel - mucous membrane of intestine - organ mucosa of bowel - organ mucosa of intestine - tunica mucosa intestini - uberon - UBERON:0001242 - - - intestinal mucosa + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + biological_process + superior olive morphogenesis + GO:0021719 + superior olivary nucleus morphogenesis - + - Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - UMLS:C0021839 - ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Mucosa - - - - - bowel mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of bowel - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + biological_process + GO:0021720 + superior olivary nucleus formation + - - - organ mucosa of intestine - OBOL:automatic + + + The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - check serosa/peritoneum - EMAPA:37619 - FMA:15701 - MA:0001538 - anatomical wall of bowel serosa - anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane - anatomical wall of intestine serosa - anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane - bowel anatomical wall serosa - bowel anatomical wall serous membrane - bowel wall serosa - bowel wall serous membrane - intestinal serosa - intestinal wall serosa - intestinal wall serous membrane - intestine anatomical wall serosa - intestine anatomical wall serous membrane - intestine serosa - intestine wall serosa - intestine wall serous membrane - serosa of anatomical wall of bowel - serosa of anatomical wall of intestine - serosa of bowel anatomical wall - serosa of bowel wall - serosa of intestinal wall - serosa of intestine anatomical wall - serosa of intestine wall - serosa of wall of bowel - serosa of wall of intestine - serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel - serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine - serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall - serous membrane of bowel wall - serous membrane of intestinal wall - serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall - serous membrane of intestine wall - serous membrane of wall of bowel - serous membrane of wall of intestine - visceral peritoneum of intestine - wall of bowel serosa - wall of bowel serous membrane - wall of intestine serosa - wall of intestine serous membrane - uberon - UBERON:0001243 - serosa of intestine + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + biological_process + superior olive maturation + GO:0021722 + superior olivary nucleus maturation - + - A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0838580343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + biological_process + MHB maturation + isthmus maturation + GO:0021732 + midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation + - - - EMAPA:37619 - MA:th - - - - - anatomical wall of bowel serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of intestine serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel anatomical wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel anatomical wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestinal wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestinal wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine anatomical wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine anatomical wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine wall serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine wall serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of anatomical wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of anatomical wall of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of bowel anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of bowel wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of intestinal wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of intestine anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of intestine wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of wall of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of bowel wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of intestinal wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of intestine wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of wall of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of bowel serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of bowel serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of intestine serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of intestine serous membrane - OBOL:automatic + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:15541513 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0021751 + salivary nucleus development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:cls + GOC:curators + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. - - anal - In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html - - - - BTO:0001680 - CALOHA:TS-2005 - EV:0100082 - FBbt:00047153 - FMA:15711 - GAID:312 - MA:0000331 - NCIT:C43362 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TADS:0000066 - TGMA:0001279 - UMLS:C0003461 - WBbt:0005364 - galen:Anus - anal opening - anal orifice - opening of terminal part of digestive tract - uberon - proctodeum - UBERON:0001245 - - - - anus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0021753 + superior salivary nucleus development - + - Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0003461 - ncithesaurus:Anus + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:cls + GOC:curators + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. - - - - FMA:15767 - MA:0002668 - NCIT:C32827 - UMLS:C0227515 - interlobular ductule - uberon - UBERON:0001246 - - interlobular bile duct + The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0021782 + glial cell development - - - - FMA - MA-part-of + + + The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - - - - + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA - MA - MP - + + The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis. + biological_process + anterior-posterior neural tube patterning + GO:0021903 + rostrocaudal neural tube patterning + - + - The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. - MP:0009500 - - - - - UMLS:C0227515 - ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Bile_Duct + The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - - - interlobular ductule - MP:0009500 + + + anterior-posterior neural tube patterning + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different - - BTO:0000647 - EMAPA:35444 - FMA:15949 - MA:0001525 - MA:0002693 - NCIT:C49478 - UMLS:C1708548 - anatomical wall of bowel - anatomical wall of intestine - bowel anatomical wall - bowel wall - intestinal wall - intestine anatomical wall - intestine wall - wall of bowel - uberon - bowel wall - UBERON:0001262 - wall of intestine + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary. + biological_process + GO:0021906 + hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1708548 - ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Wall_Tissue - - - - - anatomical wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel wall - MA:0001525 + The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:11262869 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. - - - - EMAPA:35651 - FMA:16011 - MA:0002417 - NCIT:C49268 - UMLS:C0227578 - acinus pancreaticus - pancreas acinus - uberon - pancreatic acinar - pancreatic acini - UBERON:0001263 - - - pancreatic acinus + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. + biological_process + GO:0021915 + neural tube development - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. - MP:0009145 - - - - - UMLS:C0227578 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Acinus - - - - - acinus pancreaticus - FMA:16011 - - - - - - pancreatic acini - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0021953 + central nervous system neuron differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. - - Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - pancreatic - As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) - The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm - The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans - - - - AAO:0010112 - BTO:0000988 - CALOHA:TS-0736 - EFO:0000855 - EHDAA2:0001367 - EHDAA:6893 - EMAPA:17503 - EV:0100092 - FMA:7198 - GAID:334 - MA:0000120 - MAT:0000075 - MESH:D010179 - MIAA:0000075 - NCIT:C12393 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000140 - UMLS:C0030274 - VHOG:0000050 - XAO:0000136 - ZFA:0000140 - galen:Pancreas - uberon - UBERON:0001264 - - - - - - - - pancreas - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Blausen_0699_PancreasAnatomy2.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. + biological_process + GO:0021954 + central nervous system neuron development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. - GO:0031016 - - - - - Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010112 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000050 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) - - - - - As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) - - - - - - The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans - - - - - - UMLS:C0030274 - ncithesaurus:Pancreas + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A trabecula that is part of a spleen. - - - - - EMAPA:35808 - FMA:16027 - MA:0000758 - NCIT:C33607 - UMLS:C0229688 - spleen trabeculum - splenic trabecula - trabeculae of spleen - uberon - UBERON:0001265 - - trabecula of spleen + The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0021990 + neural plate formation - - - + + + The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + ISBN:0878932437 + ISBN:0878932585 + PMID:15806586 + + + + + + + + + + The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate. + biological_process + neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation + GO:0021999 + neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization + + + + + The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA - + + Generation of cells within the nervous system. + Wikipedia:Neurogenesis + nervous system cell generation + biological_process + neural cell differentiation + GO:0022008 + neurogenesis + - + - A trabecula that is part of a spleen. - OBOL:automatic + Generation of cells within the nervous system. + GOC:cls + GOC:curators + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - - - UMLS:C0229688 - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecula + + + nervous system cell generation + - - - trabeculae of spleen - + + + neural cell differentiation + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. - - BTO:0001031 - EMAPA:35683 - FMA:16515 - MA:0002531 - ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid - uberon - UBERON:0001268 - - - peritoneal fluid + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21480 + biological_process + GO:0022009 + central nervous system vasculogenesis - - - - FMA - - - + - Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. - FMA:16515 + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - - + + + The movement of a cell within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere. + biological_process + GO:0022035 + rhombomere cell migration + + + + + The movement of a cell within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere. + GOC:cls + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 + PMID:15629700 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. - this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented - Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] - - - EMAPA:37862 - FMA:16581 - NCIT:C33291 - UMLS:C0684083 - VSAO:0000304 - uberon - girdle - pelvic - pelvic girdle - UBERON:0001271 - - - pelvic girdle region + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0022037 + metencephalon development - + - The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. - - - - FMA:16581 - FMA:23217 - UBERONREF:0000003 - - - - - Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000304 - VSAO - - - - - - EMAPA:37862 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0684083 - ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Girdle - - - - - pelvic girdle - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:cls + GOC:curators + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - The epithelial layer of the stomach . - in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular - - BTO:0000500 - CALOHA:TS-2068 - EHDAA2:0001918 - EMAPA:17023 - FMA:17091 - MA:0001610 - VHOG:0001433 - epithelial tissue of stomach - epithelial tissue of ventriculus - epithelium of ventriculus - stomach epithelial tissue - stomach epithelium - ventriculus epithelial tissue - ventriculus epithelium - uberon - gastric epithelium - UBERON:0001276 - - epithelium of stomach + The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. + biological_process + GO:0022402 + + cell cycle process - + - The epithelial layer of the stomach . - MP:0000471 - - - - - in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular - FMA - - - - - epithelial tissue of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mtg_cell_cycle + + + + + + + + The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. + biological_process + GO:0022406 + + membrane docking + - - - ventriculus epithelium - OBOL:automatic + + + The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. + GOC:isa_complete + PMID:27875684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. + GO:0071845 + cell structure disassembly + cellular component disassembly at cellular level + biological_process + GO:0022411 + + cellular component disassembly + - - - gastric epithelium - BTO:0000500 + + + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - + - - - - + + - + + A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. + reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism + biological_process + GO:0022412 + cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism + + + + + A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. - Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] - - - - BTO:0000781 - EMAPA:32873 - FMA:17229 - MA:0001536 - NCIT:C49240 - TAO:0005124 - UMLS:C0226890 - ZFA:0005124 - bowel epithelial tissue - bowel epithelium - epithelial tissue of bowel - epithelial tissue of intestine - epithelium of bowel - epithelium of intestine - intestine epithelial tissue - villous epithelium - uberon - intestine epithelium - UBERON:0001277 - - - - intestinal epithelium + A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. + jl + 2012-09-19T15:56:06Z + GO:0044702 + biological_process + single organism reproductive process + GO:0022414 + + reproductive process - + - Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005124 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0226890 - ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Epithelium - - - - - bowel epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - villous epithelium - ZFA:0005124 + A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - + - + - An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - CALOHA:TS-2105 - EMAPA:35466 - FMA:17301 - MA:0001545 - epithelial tissue of large intestine - large intestinal epithelium - large intestine epithelial tissue - large intestine epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001278 - epithelium of large intestine + A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + biological_process + GO:0022600 + + digestive system process - + - An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestine epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_cardio - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. - - The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. - - - - FMA:17523 - MA:0002499 - NCIT:C33342 - UMLS:C0227514 - trias hepatica - uberon - trias hepatica - UBERON:0001279 - - - - portal triad - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. + regulation of morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0022603 + regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis - + - A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MGI:csmith - MP:0008993 - - - - - UMLS:C0227514 - ncithesaurus:Portal_Triad - - - - - trias hepatica - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The functional units of the liver including the lobules. - the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0003223 - - - AAO:0010405 - EHDAA2:0001004 - EHDAA:2201 - EMAPA:17203 - FMA:17540 - MA:0000366 - NCIT:C32735 - VHOG:0000539 - XAO:0000454 - hepatic parenchyma - liver parenchyme - parenchyma of liver - uberon - hepatic parenchyme - UBERON:0001280 - - liver parenchyma + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized. + biological_process + negative regulation of cell shape and cell size + positive regulation of cell shape and cell size + regulation of cell shape and cell size + GO:0022604 + regulation of cell morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - XAO - - - + - The functional units of the liver including the lobules. - MP:0008986 - - - - - the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000539 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/ar.20524 Hardman RC, Volz DC, Kullman SW, Hinton DE, An in vivo look at vertebrate liver architecture: three-dimensional reconstruction from Medaka (Oryzias latipes). The Anatomical Record (2007) - - - - - hepatic parenchyma - FMA:17540 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized. + GOC:isa_complete - - - liver parenchyme - XAO:0000454 + + + negative regulation of cell shape and cell size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - parenchyma of liver - FMA:17540 + + + positive regulation of cell shape and cell size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - hepatic parenchyme - VHOG:0000539 + regulation of cell shape and cell size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. + GO:0071844 + cell structure assembly + cellular component assembly at cellular level + biological_process + GO:0022607 + + + cellular component assembly + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. - - (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0003275 - - - - EHDAA2:0000999 - EMAPA:17365 - FMA:17543 - MA:0000367 - NCIT:C32733 - TAO:0005091 - UMLS:C0227523 - VHOG:0000708 - ZFA:0005091 - liver hepatic sinusoids - liver sinusoid - liver sinusoidal blood vessel - sinusoid of liver - sinusoidal blood vessel of liver - vas capillare sinusoideum - vas sinusoideum - uberon - hepatic sinusoids - UBERON:0001281 - - - - - hepatic sinusoid + The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0022612 + gland morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - - - - + - Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000708 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ, Weinkle TK, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000) - - - - - UMLS:C0227523 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Sinusoid - - - - - liver hepatic sinusoids - EHDAA2:0000999 - - - - - liver sinusoidal blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. + RNA-protein complex biogenesis + ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly + biological_process + GO:0022613 + ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis + - - - sinusoid of liver - OBOL:automatic + + + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mah - + - sinusoidal blood vessel of liver - OBOL:automatic + RNA-protein complex biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - vas sinusoideum - - + ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + biological_process + GO:0022617 + extracellular matrix disassembly + + + + + A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. + RNA-protein complex assembly + RNP complex assembly + ribonucleoprotein complex assembly + biological_process + GO:0022618 + + protein-RNA complex assembly + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction. + active carrier activity + carrier activity + permease activity + pump activity + molecular_function + GO:0022804 + active transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction. + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. - Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) - - - - - - FMA:17545 - MA:0002669 - NCIT:C32255 - UMLS:C0227517 - canal of Herring - cholangiole - ductus interlobularis bilifer - uberon - canal of Hering - canals of Hering - duct of Herring - intrahepatic bile ductule - UBERON:0001282 - - - - intralobular bile duct + Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24479 + active ion transmembrane transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0022853 + active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity - - - - FMA + + + Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction. + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA - - - - - + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GO:0005386 + GO:0015563 + GO:0015646 + GO:0022891 + GO:0022892 + Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 + Reactome:R-HSA-429036 + Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 + Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 + Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 + Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 + molecular_function + substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity + substrate-specific transporter activity + uptake permease activity + uptake transmembrane transporter activity + GO:0022857 + + + + transmembrane transporter activity + - + - The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. - MGI:csmith - MP:0009499 + Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - + - UMLS:C0227517 - ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Hering - - - - - canal of Herring - FMA:17545 + Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 + Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61 - - - cholangiole - FMA:17545 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-429036 + SLC2A9 transports Fru, Glc, urate - - - ductus interlobularis bilifer - FMA:17545 - FMA:TA - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 + Defective SLC2A9 does not transport Fru, Glc, urate - - - canals of Hering - - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 + Fe3+ dissociates from SLC22A17:LCN2:2,5DHBA - - - duct of Herring - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 + An unknown carrier transports cytosolic glyoxylate to the peroxisome - - - intrahepatic bile ductule - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 + An unknown carrier transports mitochondrial glyoxylate to the cytosol - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. - EMAPA:18184 - EMAPA:37481 - FMA:19086 - MA:0000534 - muscle organ of pelvis - pelvic muscle - pelvis muscle - pelvis muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0001325 - - - muscle of pelvis + Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of a membrane to the other. + molecular_function + GO:0022884 + macromolecule transmembrane transporter activity - - - + + + Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - FMAdef - - - - - - MA - + + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GO:0015077 + GO:0015082 + GO:0072509 + GO:0072510 + di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + divalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + trivalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0022890 + inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + - + - Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. - FMA:19086 - - - - - EMAPA:37481 - MA:th + Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - muscle organ of pelvis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pelvic muscle - FMA:19086 - - - - - pelvis muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + + + di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - - - EFO:0000847 - EHDAA2:0000122 - EHDAA:2931 - EMAPA:16831 - MA:0000329 - MAT:0000042 - MIAA:0000042 - NCIT:C32069 - UMLS:C0230120 - VHOG:0000395 - WBbt:0006919 - uberon - posterior - posterior end of organism - UBERON:0001353 - - - - anal region - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/507 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray408.png + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. + biological_process + GO:0022898 + + regulation of transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - + - - - - - - - cjm + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. - - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000395 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 - - - - - UMLS:C0230120 - ncithesaurus:Anal_Region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_cardio + GOC:mtg_transport - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. - Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO] - UBERON:0004459 - - - AAO:0010816 - EMAPA:16591 - FMA:21451 - TAO:0005131 - VHOG:0001527 - ZFA:0005131 - parietal serous membrane of peritoneum - uberon - peritoneal cavity lining - UBERON:0001366 - - - parietal peritoneum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + biological_process + regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission + GO:0023019 + signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression - + - The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. - - - - - - - Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010816 - AAO - AAO:JMG + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. + GOC:mtg_signal - - - parietal serous membrane of peritoneum - UBERON:cjm + + + regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37282 - FMA:22984 - MA:0000546 - pelvic skin - pelvis skin - pelvis zone of skin - zone of skin of pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0001415 - skin of pelvis + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + biological_process + regulation of signaling process + regulation of signalling process + GO:0023051 + regulation of signaling - + - A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + GOC:mtg_signal - - - EMAPA:37282 - MA:th + + + regulation of signaling process + GOC:bf - - - pelvis zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of signalling process + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. + jl + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + GO:0023046 + GO:0044700 + biological signaling + signaling process + signalling + biological_process + signalling process + single organism signaling + GO:0023052 + + + + + + + + Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change. + signaling + - - - zone of skin of pelvis - OBOL:automatic + + + The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. + GOC:mtg_signal + GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 + GOC:signaling + + + + + signalling process + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EFO:0000214 - FMA:22988 - FMA:23000 - MA:0000523 - NCIT:C52758 - UMLS:C0222166 - abdomen skin - abdomen zone of skin - abdominal skin - skin of abdomen proper - zone of skin of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0001416 - - - skin of abdomen + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + positive regulation of signalling process + biological_process + positive regulation of signaling process + GO:0023056 + positive regulation of signaling - + - A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0222166 - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Skin - - - - - abdomen zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + GOC:mtg_signal - + - skin of abdomen proper - FMA:22988 + positive regulation of signalling process + GOC:mah - - - zone of skin of abdomen - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of signaling process + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:37277 - FMA:23021 - FMA:23022 - MA:0000590 - NCIT:C52756 - UMLS:C0205030 - neck (volume) zone of skin - neck skin - neck zone of skin - zone of skin of neck - zone of skin of neck (volume) - uberon - UBERON:0001417 - skin of neck + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + biological_process + negative regulation of signaling process + negative regulation of signalling process + GO:0023057 + negative regulation of signaling - + - A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. + GOC:mtg_signal - - - EMAPA:37277 - MA:th + + + negative regulation of signaling process + GOC:bf - - - UMLS:C0205030 - ncithesaurus:Neck_Skin - - - - - neck (volume) zone of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck zone of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - zone of skin of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - zone of skin of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of signalling process + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - + - + - A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37765 - FMA:23028 - FMA:23029 - MA:0000564 - thoracic skin - thorax skin - thorax zone of skin - zone of skin of thorax - uberon - upper body skin - UBERON:0001418 - skin of thorax + The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. + 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z + signal secretion + biological_process + GO:0023061 + signal release - + - A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37765 - MA:th - - - - - thorax zone of skin - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. + GOC:mtg_signal - + - zone of skin of thorax - OBOL:automatic + signal secretion + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. - this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). - - An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO] - Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO] - - EMAPA:37856 - FMA:23217 - VSAO:0000305 - galen:ShoulderGirdle - cingulum membri superioris - girdle - pectoral - cingulum membri superioris - shoulder girdle - upper limb girdle - uberon - pectoral girdle - pectoral region - UBERON:0001421 - - - - pectoral girdle region + The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23033 + mah + 2009-07-31T01:07:46Z + GO:0070838 + GO:0070839 + divalent metal ion export + divalent metal ion transport + heavy metal ion transport + metal ion export + biological_process + GO:0030001 + metal ion transport - + - An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. - - FMA:23217 - UBERONREF:0000003 - - - - - An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000305 - VSAO - - - - - - Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO] - 2012-09-06 - VSAO:0000305 - VSAO - Curator - - - - - EMAPA:37856 - MA:th - - - - - cingulum membri superioris - FMA:23217 - FMA:TA - - - - - - cingulum membri superioris - FMA:TA - - - - - shoulder girdle - FMA:23217 + The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + GO:0000283 + GO:0030468 + cell polarization + bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity + biological_process + GO:0030010 + establishment of cell polarity + - - - upper limb girdle - FMA:23217 + + + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. + Wikipedia:Myofibril + cellular_component + GO:0030016 + myofibril + + + + + The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. - - Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] - Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] - System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] - By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] - skeletal - GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates - - AAO:0000566 - BTO:0001486 - CALOHA:TS-1320 - EFO:0000806 - EHDAA2:0003168 - EMAPA:35773 - FMA:23881 - MA:0000018 - NCIT:C12788 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000434 - UMLS:C0037253 - VHOG:0001254 - VSAO:0000027 - XAO:0003060 - ZFA:0000434 - skeleton system - set of all bones and joints - uberon - Skelettsystem - UBERON:0001434 - - - - - skeletal system - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system + The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + Wikipedia:Sarcomere + cellular_component + GO:0030017 + sarcomere - + - Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000027 - - - - - Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000434 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000027 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000566 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001254 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1159/000324245 Donoghue PCJ, Sansom IJ, Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microscopy research and technique (2002) - - - - - GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates - GO - - - - - UMLS:C0037253 - ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System - - - - - set of all bones and joints - - - - - - Skelettsystem - BTO:0001486 + The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + ISBN:0815316194 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA:24218 - XAO:0000040 - head subdivision - uberon - head region - region of head - UBERON:0001444 - - subdivision of head + Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + biological_process + microfilament-based process + GO:0030029 + actin filament-based process + + + + Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + GOC:mah + - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). - Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. - The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. - facial - The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) - - - - BTO:0003369 - CALOHA:TS-2216 - EMAPA:32763 - FMA:24728 - GAID:64 - HAO:0000316 - MA:0002473 - MESH:D005145 - NCIT:C13071 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0015450 - galen:Face - uberon - facia/facies - visage - UBERON:0001456 - - - face - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26279 + cell projection organisation + biological_process + cell projection organization and biogenesis + cell surface structure organization and biogenesis + GO:0030030 + + cell projection organization - + - A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). - - - - - - Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. - FMA:24728 - - - - - The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. - - HAO:0000316 - NCBITaxon:7399 - - - - - The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) - vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf - - - - - UMLS:C0015450 - ncithesaurus:Face + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - + - facia/facies - - + cell projection organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - visage - BTO:0003369 + cell surface structure organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:37643 - FMA:24764 - MA:0001579 - NCIT:C12291 - UMLS:C0222101 - lip skin - lip zone of skin - zone of skin of lip - uberon - skin of lips - UBERON:0001458 - skin of lip + Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + formation of a cell surface projection + biological_process + cell projection biogenesis + GO:0030031 + cell projection assembly - + - A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37643 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0222101 - ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lip - - - - - lip zone of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - zone of skin of lip - OBOL:automatic + Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - + - skin of lips - + cell projection biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. - - - - Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] - Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] - Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0000047 - AEO:0000082 - BTO:0000140 - CALOHA:TS-0088 - EFO:0000298 - EHDAA2:0003082 - EMAPA:32782 - ENVO:00002039 - EV:0100140 - FMA:30317 - FMA:5018 - GAID:92 - MA:0001459 - MAT:0000299 - MIAA:0000299 - NCIT:C12366 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001514 - UMLS:C0262950 - VHOG:0001190 - VSAO:0000057 - XAO:0000169 - ZFA:0001514 - galen:Bone - bone organ - uberon - bone - bones - UBERON:0001474 - - - - - - - bone element + Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. + biological_process + microvillus biogenesis + GO:0030033 + microvillus assembly - - - - - - - - - VSAO-modified - - - + - Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000057 - - - - - Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000047 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001514 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000057 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000047 - AAO - - - - - The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001190 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1159/000324245 Murdock DJ, Donoghue PC, Evolutionary Origins of Animal Skeletal Biomineralization. Cells Tissues Organs (2011) + Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - - - UMLS:C0262950 - ncithesaurus:Bone + + + microvillus biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23114 + actin cytoskeleton organisation + biological_process + actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + actin modulating activity + GO:0030036 + + actin cytoskeleton organization + - - - bone organ - FMA:5018 + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - bone - AEO:0000082 - BTO:0000140 - MA:0001459 - VHOG:0001190 + actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809 + biological_process + GO:0030048 + actin filament-based movement + - - - bones - ZFA:0001514 - + + + Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - - + + - An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. - check ncita - - - - EMAPA:37621 - FMA:34836 - GAID:263 - MA:0001519 - MESH:D017746 - NCIT:C32259 - NCIT:C84388 - UMLS:C0206207 - galen:JointCapsule - capsula articularis - fibrous capsule of joint - joint capsule - joint fibrous capsule - uberon - capsulae articulares - UBERON:0001484 - - - articular capsule - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray299.png + Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. + biological_process + GO:0030050 + vesicle transport along actin filament - + - An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - check ncita - ncit - - - - - EMAPA:37621 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0206207 - ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule - - - - - capsula articularis - FMA:34836 - FMA:TA - - - - - - capsulae articulares - - + Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. + + Wikipedia:Cell_junction + cellular_component + GO:0030054 + + + + cell junction + + + + + A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + PMID:26820516 + PMID:28096264 + http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. + biological_process + GO:0030072 + peptide hormone secretion + + + + + The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. - - - - - EHDAA2:0000147 - EHDAA:9828 - EMAPA:17014 - FMA:3736 - MA:0002570 - NCIT:C32150 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwVFqO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0003956 - ascending thoracic aorta - pars ascendens aortae - uberon - aorta ascendens - pars ascendens aortae - UBERON:0001496 - - - - ascending aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/11255#issuecomment-426191045 + biological_process + GO:0030073 + insulin secretion - - - + + + The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22178 + Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis + blood cell biosynthesis + blood cell formation + haemopoiesis + hematopoiesis + biological_process + GO:0030097 + hemopoiesis + - + - The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. - - GO:0035905 - - - - - UMLS:C0003956 - ncithesaurus:Ascending_Aorta - - - - - ascending thoracic aorta - EMAPA:17014 - - - - - aorta ascendens - - - - - - - pars ascendens aortae - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. + GOC:dgh + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. - Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. - UBERON:0003271 - EHDAA:8326 - EMAPA:18184 - EMAPA:18185 - FMA:37367 - MA:0000537 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430 - girdle-pelvic muscle organ - muscle organ of girdle-pelvic - muscle organ of pelvic girdle - muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone - pelvic girdle muscle - pelvic girdle muscle organ - pelvic girdle skeletal muscle - uberon - UBERON:0001497 - - muscle of pelvic girdle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. + biological_process + GO:0030099 + myeloid cell differentiation - - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + + - + - - - + + Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. + NIF_Subcellular:sao885490876 + constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle + Golgi to vacuole transport vesicle + Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle + cellular_component + secretory vesicle + GO:0030133 + Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'. + transport vesicle + - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. - MA - - - - - girdle-pelvic muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of girdle-pelvic - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of pelvic girdle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pelvic girdle muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pelvic girdle skeletal muscle - EMAPA:18185 + Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. + GOC:mah + PMID:22160157 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - + + A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. + + secretory vesicle + cellular_component + GO:0030141 + Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'. + secretory granule + + + + + A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. - Do not confuse with aortic arch - - The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] - The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] - birds have right aortic arch, mammals left. - - - BTO:0000157 - EFO:0002526 - EHDAA2:0000132 - EMAPA:17613 - FMA:3768 - GAID:471 - MA:0000475 - VHOG:0001196 - arcus aortae - uberon - aortic arch - thoracic aorta - UBERON:0001508 - - - - arch of aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390 + Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation + biological_process + GO:0030154 + + + + + + + cell differentiation - - - + + + The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - left arch 4 in human - embryology.ch - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0044254 + GO:0044257 + Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism + cellular protein breakdown + cellular protein catabolic process + cellular protein catabolism + cellular protein degradation + protein breakdown + protein catabolism + protein degradation + multicellular organismal protein catabolic process + biological_process + pheromone catabolic process + pheromone catabolism + GO:0030163 + + + + + + This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children. + protein catabolic process + - + - The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0004113 - - - - - The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001196 - VHOG - - - - - - - The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001196 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.460 and p.461 Figure 12.20 - - - - - arcus aortae - FMA:3768 - FMA:TA - - - - - - aortic arch - FMA:3768 - - - - - thoracic aorta - GAID:471 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. + biological_process + GO:0030182 + neuron differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. + extracellular matrix organisation + biological_process + extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GO:0030198 + + + + extracellular matrix organization + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. + GOC:mah + + + + + extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. - - results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae - - - - EMAPA:18606 - FMA:3784 - MA:0002571 - NCIT:C32455 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0011666 - pars descendens aortae - uberon - aorta descendens - pars descendens aortae - UBERON:0001514 - - - - descending aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. + + collagen fibril organisation + fibrillar collagen organization + biological_process + GO:0030199 + collagen fibril organization + - + - The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. - - GO:0035906 - - - - - UMLS:C0011666 - ncithesaurus:Descending_Aorta + Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - + - pars descendens aortae - FMA:3784 - - - - - aorta descendens - - - - - - aorta descendens - - - - - - - pars descendens aortae - - + fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + glycosaminoglycan metabolism + biological_process + GO:0030203 + glycosaminoglycan metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. + ISBN:0192800981 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. - - - - BTO:0000157 - EFO:0002525 - EMAPA:18603 - FMA:3786 - GAID:471 - MA:0002569 - MESH:D001013 - NCIT:C33766 - OpenCyc:Mx4rveb9TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C1522460 - galen:ThoracicAorta - aorta thoracica - thoracic part of aorta - uberon - aorta thoracalis - pars thoracica aortae - UBERON:0001515 - - - - thoracic aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + hyaluronan metabolism + biological_process + GO:0030212 + hyaluronan metabolic process - - - - FMA - - - + - The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. - - MP:0010468 - - - - - UMLS:C1522460 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Aorta - - - - - aorta thoracica - FMA:3786 - FMA:TA - - - - - - aorta thoracalis - - - - - - - pars thoracica aortae - - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + hyaluronan anabolism + hyaluronan biosynthesis + hyaluronan formation + hyaluronan synthesis + biological_process + GO:0030213 + hyaluronan biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + hyaluronan breakdown + hyaluronan catabolism + hyaluronan degradation + biological_process + GO:0030214 + hyaluronan catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. - Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates - - - - - BTO:0002976 - EFO:0002524 - EMAPA:17856 - FMA:3789 - GAID:470 - MA:0000474 - MESH:D001012 - NCIT:C32038 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0003484 - galen:AbdominalAorta - abdominal part of aorta - descending abdominal aorta - pars abdominalis aortae - uberon - abdominal part of aorta - aorta abdominalis - pars abdominalis aortae - UBERON:0001516 - - - - - abdominal aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. + Wikipedia:Erythropoiesis + RBC differentiation + erythrocyte cell differentiation + erythropoiesis + red blood cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0030218 + erythrocyte differentiation - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. - - BTO:0002976 - - - - - UMLS:C0003484 - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Aorta + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. + GOC:mah - + - abdominal part of aorta - FMA:3789 + RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - descending abdominal aorta - FMA:3789 + erythropoiesis + GOC:add + GOC:dph - + - pars abdominalis aortae - FMA:3789 - - - - - abdominal part of aorta - BTO:0002976 - - - - - aorta abdominalis - - - - - - - aorta abdominalis - BTO:0002976 - - - - - pars abdominalis aortae - - - - - - - pars abdominalis aortae - BTO:0002976 + red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. + megakaryocyte cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0030219 + megakaryocyte differentiation + + + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. - - innominate - - - - EFO:0002550 - EHDAA2:0000835 - EMAPA:17615 - FMA:3932 - GAID:476 - MA:0001922 - MESH:D016122 - NCIT:C32814 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0006094 - galen:BrachioCephalicArtery - brachiocephalic trunk - innominate artery - truncus brachiocephalicus - uberon - truncus brachiocephalicus - UBERON:0001529 - - - - - brachiocephalic artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. + biological_process + GO:0030239 + myofibril assembly - + - The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010663 - - - - - innominate - + Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. + GO:0000068 + DNA condensation + eukaryotic chromosome condensation + nuclear chromosome condensation + biological_process + GO:0030261 + chromosome condensation + - - - UMLS:C0006094 - ncithesaurus:Innominate_Artery + + + The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 - - - brachiocephalic trunk - MA:0001922 + + + DNA condensation + Wikipedia:DNA_condensation - + - innominate artery - + eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:bf - + - truncus brachiocephalicus - FMA:3932 - FMA:TA - + nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. + apoptotic nuclear change + biological_process + GO:0030262 + apoptotic nuclear changes + - - - truncus brachiocephalicus - - + + + Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. - we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery' - This class represents the adult and developing structures' - - in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae - carotid artery - - - - CALOHA:TS-0116 - EHDAA2:0000217 - EHDAA:7331 - EMAPA:17855 - FMA:3939 - GAID:479 - MA:0001926 - MESH:D017536 - NCIT:C32352 - UMLS:C0162859 - VHOG:0000272 - carotid artery system - common carotid artery - trunk of common carotid tree - uberon - a. carotis communis - UBERON:0001530 - - - - common carotid artery plus branches - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. + Wikipedia:Pyknosis + pyknosis + biological_process + GO:0030263 + apoptotic chromosome condensation - - - - FMA + + + The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA. + apoptotic nuclear fragmentation + nucleus fragmentation + biological_process + nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis + GO:0030264 + nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + - + - A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. - - - - - - carotid artery - FMA:3939 - - - - - UMLS:C0162859 - ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery - - - - - carotid artery system - EHDAA2:0000217 - - - - - common carotid artery - FMA:3939 - - - - - - trunk of common carotid tree - FMA:3939 + The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:tb + ISBN:0721639976 - + - a. carotis communis - - + nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + regulation of bone biosynthesis + regulation of bone formation + biological_process + GO:0030278 + regulation of ossification + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + down regulation of ossification + down-regulation of ossification + downregulation of ossification + negative regulation of bone biosynthesis + negative regulation of bone formation + inhibition of ossification + biological_process + GO:0030279 + negative regulation of ossification + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. + up regulation of cell growth + up-regulation of cell growth + upregulation of cell growth + activation of cell growth + stimulation of cell growth + biological_process + GO:0030307 + positive regulation of cell growth + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. + down regulation of cell growth + down-regulation of cell growth + downregulation of cell growth + inhibition of cell growth + biological_process + GO:0030308 + negative regulation of cell growth + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. - Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO) - - Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] - In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] - The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] - - - - AAO:0010232 - EHDAA2:0001933 - EHDAA:4357 - EMAPA:17617 - FMA:3951 - GAID:511 - MA:0002045 - MESH:D013348 - NCIT:C33643 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005086 - UMLS:C0038530 - XAO:0000365 - ZFA:0005086 - arteria subclavia - arterial tree of upper limb - pectoral artery - subclavian arterial tree - uberon - PA - arteria subclavia - UBERON:0001533 - - - - - - subclavian artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. + cellular_component + GO:0030312 + + + + + + The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'. + external encapsulating structure - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010232 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] - - - - - - The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005086 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0038530 - ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Artery - - - - - arteria subclavia - XAO:0000365 - - - - - - PA - - - - - - arteria subclavia - - + A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. - - in humans, arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery - proximal part arises from right 4th aortic arch in humans - - - - EHDAA2:0004514 - EMAPA:37384 - FMA:3953 - MA:0002047 - NCIT:C33490 - OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226261 - arteria subclavia dextra - uberon - UBERON:0001534 - - - - right subclavian artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract. + biological_process + GO:0030323 + respiratory tube development - + - The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. - - - - - - EMAPA:37384 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0226261 - ncithesaurus:Right_Subclavian_Artery - - - - - arteria subclavia dextra - FMA:3953 - FMA:TA - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract. + GOC:jid - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. + biological_process + GO:0030324 + lung development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. + GOC:jid + UBERON:0002048 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - + - A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. - - - The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. - we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this - gut - - AAO:0010023 - BILA:0000083 - BTO:0000511 - BTO:0000545 - EHDAA2:0000726 - EHDAA:518 - EMAPA:16247 - FBbt:00003125 - FMA:45615 - MA:0000917 - NCIT:C34082 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000112 - TGMA:0001819 - UMLS:C0017189 - VHOG:0000309 - WBbt:0005743 - ZFA:0000112 - galen:AlimentaryTract - digestive tube - enteric tract - alimentary canal - alimentary tract - uberon - digestive canal - gut tube - UBERON:0001555 - - - digestive tract + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + + biological_process + GO:0030334 + regulation of cell migration - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - NCBIBook:NBK10107 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + up regulation of cell migration + up-regulation of cell migration + upregulation of cell migration + activation of cell migration + stimulation of cell migration + biological_process + GO:0030335 + positive regulation of cell migration + - + - A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000112 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + down regulation of cell migration + down-regulation of cell migration + downregulation of cell migration + inhibition of cell migration + biological_process + GO:0030336 + negative regulation of cell migration + - - - The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000309 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. + membrane breakdown + membrane catabolism + membrane degradation + biological_process + GO:0030397 + membrane disassembly + - - - FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. - FMA + + + The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The expulsion of feces from the rectum. + Wikipedia:Defecation + biological_process + GO:0030421 + defecation + - - - we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - MA + + + The expulsion of feces from the rectum. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. + Wikipedia:Peristalsis + biological_process + GO:0030432 + peristalsis + - - - UMLS:C0017189 - ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. + GO:0000065 + nuclear movement, microtubule-mediated + nucleus migration + microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + transport of nucleus by microtubules + transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + biological_process + GO:0030473 + nuclear migration along microtubule + - - - enteric tract - ZFA:0000112 + + + The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:mah + GOC:sgd_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells. + cellular_component + GO:0030485 + smooth muscle contractile fiber + - - - digestive canal - BTO:0000058 + + + The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. - - - - EHDAA2:0001036 - EMAPA:16738 - FMA:45662 - MA:0000435 - OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g - VHOG:0000382 - lower respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0001558 - - - - lower respiratory tract - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. + GO:0019613 + bile acid breakdown + bile acid catabolism + bile acid degradation + bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway + cholate catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0030573 + bile acid catabolic process - + - The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells. + collagen breakdown + collagen catabolism + collagen degradation + biological_process + GO:0030574 + collagen catabolic process + + + + + The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. - - in humans, branches off the arch of aorta - arises from left intersegmental 6th artery in the region of the 6th -7th cervical segment in humans - - - - EMAPA:37100 - FMA:4694 - MA:0002046 - NCIT:C32972 - OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226262 - arteria subclavia (sinistra) - uberon - UBERON:0001584 - - - - left subclavian artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle. + secretory vesicle membrane + constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane + cellular_component + GO:0030658 + transport vesicle membrane - + - The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. - - - - - - EMAPA:37100 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0226262 - ncithesaurus:Left_Subclavian_Artery - - - - - arteria subclavia (sinistra) - FMA:4694 - FMA:TA - + The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. + cellular_component + GO:0030659 + cytoplasmic vesicle membrane + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] - The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green). - - - - BTO:0002683 - EHDAA2:0001962 - EHDAA:8726 - EMAPA:18417 - FMA:4720 - GAID:549 - MA:0000481 - MESH:D014683 - NCIT:C12816 - UMLS:C0042459 - VHOG:0001195 - galen:SuperiorVenaCava - superior caval vein - superior vena cava - uberon - cranial vena cava - precava - vena cava superior - vena maxima - UBERON:0001585 - - - - anterior vena cava - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png + The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus. + cellular_component + Golgi vesicle membrane + GO:0030660 + Golgi-associated vesicle membrane - - - - lexical - - - + - A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - - - - - - Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001195 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 - - - - - UMLS:C0042459 - ncithesaurus:Superior_Vena_Cava - - - - - superior caval vein - - - - - - superior vena cava - FMA:4720 - - - - - cranial vena cava - VHOG:0001195 - - - - - vena cava superior - - + The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. + secretory vesicle membrane + cellular_component + GO:0030667 + secretory granule membrane + - - - vena cava superior - BTO:0002683 + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. + biological_process + GO:0030705 + + + cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport + - - - vena maxima - - + + + The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. - - Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] - - - - AAO:0010236 - EHDAA2:0000877 - EHDAA:5407 - EMAPA:17620 - FMA:4724 - MA:0002157 - NCIT:C32849 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 - UMLS:C0226550 - XAO:0000382 - galen:InternalJugularVein - internal jugular - internal jugular venous tree - uberon - vena jugularis interna - UBERON:0001586 - - - internal jugular vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray562.png + + + + + + + Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber. + establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization in egg chamber + establishment and maintenance of oocyte position during oogenesis + oocyte localisation involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation + oogenesis, establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization + oogenesis, oocyte localization + oocyte positioning during oogenesis + biological_process + oocyte localization during germarium-derived egg chamber formation + oocyte localization during oogenesis + GO:0030720 + oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation - + - One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010236 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - UMLS:C0226550 - ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein + Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber. + GOC:mtg_sensu + PMID:10449356 - + - internal jugular - EHDAA2:0000877 + oocyte localisation involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation + GOC:mah - + - vena jugularis interna - - + oocyte localization during germarium-derived egg chamber formation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - EMAPA:36284 - FMA:4749 - MA:0002088 - NCIT:C53031 - UMLS:C0226650 - bronchial venous tree - uberon - UBERON:0001592 - - - bronchial vein + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. + biological_process + GO:0030855 + epithelial cell differentiation - + - The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0226650 - ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Vein + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. + GOC:ecd + PMID:11839751 - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0030856 + regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - BTO:0000654 - EMAPA:35240 - FMA:49151 - MA:0001269 - NCIT:C32315 - UMLS:C0559230 - musculus ciliarus - uberon - Bowman`s muscles - ciliaris - musculus ciliaris - UBERON:0001605 - - - ciliary muscle - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray872.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + down regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + down-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + downregulation of epithelial cell differentiation + inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0030857 + negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation - - - - MA - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + up regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + up-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + upregulation of epithelial cell differentiation + activation of epithelial cell differentiation + stimulation of epithelial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0030858 + positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation + - + - The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0559230 - ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle - - - - - musculus ciliarus - BTO:0000654 - - - - - Bowman`s muscles - BTO:0000654 - - - - - ciliaris - - - - - - musculus ciliaris - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - revisit this, see issue #331 - The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in birds and reptiles. Many fish have neither, and, as a result, their irides are unable to dilate and contract, so that the pupil always remains of a fixed size[Romer, via WP] - in aves, stromal mesenchymal cells may migrate to the iris and become skeletal - - - EMAPA:35448 - FMA:49154 - MA:0001287 - iris muscle - iris muscle organ - muscle organ of iris - uberon - UBERON:0001606 - - muscle of iris + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). + mesencephalon development + biological_process + GO:0030901 + midbrain development - - - - FMA - - - - - iris muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of iris - OBOL:automatic + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). + http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=midbrain - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). + rhombencephalon development + biological_process + GO:0030902 + hindbrain development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). + http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=hindbrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. + biological_process + GO:0030903 + notochord development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. + GOC:dgh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. - In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted] - WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure - constricts iris - - - - BTO:0000656 - EMAPA:35788 - FMA:49157 - MA:0001289 - NCIT:C33586 - UMLS:C0229189 - M. sphincter pupillae - iris sphincter muscle - musculus sphincter pupillae - sphincter muscle of pupil - uberon - circular fibers - constrictor pupillae - iris constrictor - iris constrictor muscle - iris sphincter - m. sphincter pupillae - pupillary constrictor muscle - pupillary sphincter - pupillary sphincter muscle - sphincter pupillae - sphincter pupillae muscle - spincter pupillae - UBERON:0001607 - - sphincter pupillae - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. + MHB development + isthmic organizer development + isthmomesencephalic boundary development + isthmus development + midbrain-hindbrain orgainizer development + biological_process + GO:0030917 + midbrain-hindbrain boundary development - - - - BTO + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. + GOC:dgh - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0781772214 - + + Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane. + MACIT + cellular_component + GO:0030936 + transmembrane collagen trimer + - - - - - - - - - encircles iris - dbpedia + + + Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane. + ISBN:0721639976 - - - - - - - - - encircles iris - dbpedia + + + MACIT + ISBN:0198599587 + + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures. + biological_process + GO:0030951 + establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity + - - - - - - - - - dbpedia + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures. + biological_process + cytoskeleton polarization + GO:0030952 + establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity + - + - A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. - + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. + intraflagellar transport complex + intraflagellar transport particle + cellular_component + IFT complex + GO:0030990 + + Note that we deem cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. + intraciliary transport particle + - - - UMLS:C0229189 - ncithesaurus:Sphincter_Pupillae_Muscle - - - - - iris sphincter muscle - BTO:0000656 - - - - - musculus sphincter pupillae - BTO:0000656 - - - - - sphincter muscle of pupil - BTO:0000656 - - - - - circular fibers - - - - - - constrictor pupillae - - - - - - iris constrictor muscle - - - - - - iris sphincter - - - - - - m. sphincter pupillae - - - - - - - pupillary constrictor muscle - - - - - - pupillary sphincter - - - - - - pupillary sphincter muscle - - - - - - sphincter pupillae - - - - - - sphincter pupillae muscle - + + + A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. + GOC:cilia + GOC:kmv + PMID:14570576 + PMID:22118932 + PMID:23945166 + + + + + + + + + + A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. + GO:0005578 + NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 + Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix + proteinaceous extracellular matrix + matrisome + cellular_component + GO:0031012 + + + + + + extracellular matrix + - - - spincter pupillae - + + + A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:rph + NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 + PMID:21123617 + PMID:28089324 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23777 + Wikipedia:Pancreas + biological_process + GO:0031016 + pancreas development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones. + GOC:cvs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. - It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on alpha1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina - - - - BTO:0001371 - EMAPA:35286 - FMA:49158 - MA:0001288 - NCIT:C32463 - UMLS:C0229190 - dilator muscle of pupil - dilator of pupil - dilator pupillae - dilator pupillae muscle - iris dilator muscle - musculus dilatator pupillae - pupillary dilator muscle - radial muscle of iris - uberon - dilator pupillae muscle - iris dilator - musculus dilatator pupillae - musculus dilator pupillae - pupil dilator - pupil dilator muscle - pupillary dilator - pupillary muscle - radial muscle - radiating fibers - UBERON:0001608 - - dilatator pupillae - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells. + biological_process + GO:0031017 + exocrine pancreas development - - - - BTO + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells. + GOC:cvs - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0781772214 - - - - - + + - - + + - - outer margins of iris - dbpedia - - - - - + + - - + + - - inner margins of iris - dbpedia - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + biological_process + GO:0031018 + endocrine pancreas development + - - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + GOC:cvs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - dbpedia - + + The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. + nuclear migration, microfilament-mediated + biological_process + GO:0031022 + nuclear migration along microfilament + - + - A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0229190 - ncithesaurus:Dilator_Pupillae_Muscle - - - - - dilator pupillae muscle - - - - - - iris dilator muscle - BTO:0001371 - - - - - musculus dilatator pupillae - FMA:49158 - FMA:TA - - - - - - pupillary dilator muscle - - - - - - radial muscle of iris - - - - - - dilator pupillae muscle - BTO:0001371 - - - - - iris dilator - - - - - - musculus dilatator pupillae - - - - - - - musculus dilator pupillae - BTO:0001371 - - - - - pupil dilator - + The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. + actomyosin organization + actomyosin structure organisation + biological_process + actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis + GO:0031032 + Note that this term is a child of 'actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis ; GO:0030036' because the actin cytoskeleton is defined as actin filaments and associated proteins. + actomyosin structure organization + - - - pupil dilator muscle - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - pupillary dilator - + actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. + NIF_Subcellular:sao772007592 + dense core vesicle + cellular_component + GO:0031045 + dense core granule + - - - pupillary muscle - + + + Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. + NIF_Subcellular:sao772007592 + PMID:14690495 - - - radial muscle - + + + dense core vesicle + GOC:kmv + + + + + + + + + + The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + embryonic eye development + biological_process + GO:0031076 + embryonic camera-type eye development + - - - radiating fibers - + + + The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - EMAPA:19213 - FMA:49549 - MA:0001950 - NCIT:C32578 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226109 - uberon - arteria maxillaris externa - external maxillary artery - UBERON:0001612 - - - facial artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png + A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. + NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 + cellular_component + intracellular membrane + GO:0031090 + organelle membrane - + - A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. - + A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0226109 - ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery + + + intracellular membrane + NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 + + + + + + + + Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23195 + microtubule dynamics + biological_process + GO:0031109 + microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + - - - arteria maxillaris externa - - + + + Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. + biological_process + GO:0031110 + regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. + down regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + down-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + downregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + inhibition of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + biological_process + GO:0031111 + negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. - - ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries - - - - EHDAA2:0001069 - EHDAA:7357 - EMAPA:17311 - FMA:49675 - GAID:498 - MA:0001919 - MESH:D008438 - NCIT:C34205 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0024949 - uberon - arteria maxillaris - internal maxillary artery - UBERON:0001616 - - - maxillary artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray510.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. + up regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + up-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + upregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + activation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + stimulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization + biological_process + GO:0031112 + positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization - + - An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries - - - - - - UMLS:C0024949 - ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery - - - - - arteria maxillaris - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + biological_process + GO:0031113 + regulation of microtubule polymerization + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. - Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] - It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] - muscular - muscle - - AAO:0011066 - EMAPA:32715 - EMAPA:37474 - EV:0100146 - FMA:5022 - GAID:131 - MA:0000015 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005145 - VHOG:0001245 - XAO:0000172 - ZFA:0005145 - galen:Muscle - uberon - UBERON:0001630 - - - - - muscle organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. + regulation of microtubule disassembly + biological_process + GO:0031114 + regulation of microtubule depolymerization - + - Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. - GO:0007517 - - - - - Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005145 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001245 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.75 - - - - - muscle - ZFA:0005145 - - - - - EMAPA:37474 - MA:th + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + down regulation of microtubule polymerization + down-regulation of microtubule polymerization + downregulation of microtubule polymerization + inhibition of microtubule polymerization + biological_process + GO:0031115 + negative regulation of microtubule polymerization + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. - Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. - Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - arterial - Some arthropods have primitive arterial systems but this term refers to arteries in a true closed circulatory system. - - - - - AAO:0010211 - AEO:0000208 - BTO:0000573 - CALOHA:TS-0054 - EFO:0000814 - EHDAA2:0000143 - EHDAA2:0003253 - EMAPA:35147 - EV:0100026 - FMA:50720 - GAID:468 - MA:0000064 - MAT:0000034 - MESH:D001158 - MIAA:0000034 - NCIT:C12372 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000005 - UMLS:C0003842 - VHOG:0001251 - XAO:0000114 - ZFA:0000005 - galen:Artery - arterial subtree - arterial tree organ part - arteries - uberon - arterial system - arterial vessel - UBERON:0001637 - - - - - artery + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + up regulation of microtubule polymerization + up-regulation of microtubule polymerization + upregulation of microtubule polymerization + activation of microtubule polymerization + stimulation of microtubule polymerization + biological_process + GO:0031116 + positive regulation of microtubule polymerization - + - An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. - AEO:JB - - - - - Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010211 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001251 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. + microtubule destabilization + positive regulation of microtubule disassembly + up regulation of microtubule depolymerization + up-regulation of microtubule depolymerization + upregulation of microtubule depolymerization + activation of microtubule depolymerization + positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe + stimulation of microtubule depolymerization + biological_process + GO:0031117 + positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization + - - - UMLS:C0003842 - ncithesaurus:Artery + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. + GOC:mah - - - arteries - TAO:0000005 - + + + positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. - TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel - Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - venous - - venous subtree - venous vessel - - - - AAO:0010212 - AEO:0000209 - BTO:0000234 - CALOHA:TS-1108 - EFO:0000816 - EHDAA2:0003254 - EMAPA:35906 - EV:0100031 - FMA:50723 - GAID:492 - MA:0000067 - MAT:0000037 - MESH:D014680 - MIAA:0000037 - NCIT:C12814 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000082 - UMLS:C0042449 - VHOG:0001743 - XAO:0000115 - ZFA:0000082 - galen:Vein - venous tree organ part - uberon - vascular element - vena - venae - UBERON:0001638 - - - - - vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Venous_system_en.svg + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. + cytoplasmic microtubule organisation + biological_process + cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis + GO:0031122 + cytoplasmic microtubule organization - + - Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. + GOC:mah - - - Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010212 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001743 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) - - - - - UMLS:C0042449 - ncithesaurus:Vein - - - - - vascular element - EMAPA:th - - - - - vena - - - - - + - venae - VHOG:0001743 - + cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. - - Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] - In humans A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted] - - AAO:0010214 - FMA:50735 - MA:0002132 - TAO:0005090 - VHOG:0000642 - ZFA:0005090 - hepatic portal tree - liver portal vein - portal vein of liver - uberon - HPV - portal vein - primary hepatic portal vein - primary hepatic portal veins - vena portae hepatis - UBERON:0001639 - - - - - hepatic portal vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder). + + biological_process + GO:0031128 + developmental induction - - - - MA - - - + - A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000642 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.265 - - - - - liver portal vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portal vein of liver - OBOL:automatic + A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder). + GOC:cjm + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + PMID:24503535 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + neurite biosynthesis + neurite development + neurite formation + neurite growth + neurite outgrowth + biological_process + GO:0031175 + neuron projection development + - - - portal vein - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). + GOC:mah - - - primary hepatic portal vein - ZFA:0005090 + + + neurite development + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement. + front of cell + leading edge of cell + cellular_component + GO:0031252 + + cell leading edge + - - - vena portae hepatis - - + + + The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement. + GOC:pg - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection. + cellular_component + membrane extension + membrane projection + GO:0031253 + cell projection membrane + + + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection. + GOC:krc + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. - - - - - EHDAA2:0004519 - EMAPA:35202 - FMA:50737 - GAID:483 - MA:0001931 - MESH:D002445 - NCIT:C52846 - UMLS:C0007569 - celiac tree - coeliac artery - uberon - arteria coeliaca - arteria cœliaca - celiac trunk - coeliac axis - coeliac trunck - coeliac trunk - truncus coeliacus - truncus cœliacus - UBERON:0001640 - - - - dorsal aorta in Kardong - celiac artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell. + cellular_component + GO:0031256 + leading edge membrane - - - - FMA + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - dorsal aorta in primitive verts - Wikipedia - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + regulation of cellular metabolism + biological_process + GO:0031323 + + regulation of cellular metabolic process + - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0073040584 - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + down regulation of cellular metabolic process + down-regulation of cellular metabolic process + downregulation of cellular metabolic process + negative regulation of cellular metabolism + inhibition of cellular metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0031324 + + negative regulation of cellular metabolic process + - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0073040584 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + positive regulation of cellular metabolism + up regulation of cellular metabolic process + up-regulation of cellular metabolic process + upregulation of cellular metabolic process + activation of cellular metabolic process + stimulation of cellular metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0031325 + + positive regulation of cellular metabolic process + - + - The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. - - - - - - UMLS:C0007569 - ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Artery - - - - - coeliac artery - - - - - - arteria coeliaca - - - - - - - arteria cœliaca - - - - - - - celiac trunk - - - - - - coeliac axis - - - - - - coeliac trunck - - - - - - coeliac trunk - - - - - - truncus coeliacus - - - - - - truncus coeliacus - - - - - - - truncus cœliacus - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + regulation of cellular anabolism + regulation of cellular biosynthesis + regulation of cellular formation + regulation of cellular synthesis + biological_process + GO:0031326 + regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process + negative regulation of cellular anabolism + negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis + negative regulation of cellular formation + negative regulation of cellular synthesis + inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0031327 + negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + positive regulation of cellular anabolism + positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis + positive regulation of cellular formation + positive regulation of cellular synthesis + up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process + activation of cellular biosynthetic process + stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0031328 + positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + regulation of cellular breakdown + regulation of cellular catabolism + regulation of cellular degradation + biological_process + GO:0031329 + regulation of cellular catabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + down regulation of cellular catabolic process + down-regulation of cellular catabolic process + downregulation of cellular catabolic process + negative regulation of cellular breakdown + negative regulation of cellular catabolism + negative regulation of cellular degradation + inhibition of cellular catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0031330 + negative regulation of cellular catabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). - - Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls - 5n - - - - AAO:0010470 - BAMS:5n - BAMS:Vn - BAMS:nV - BIRNLEX:869 - BM:VN - BTO:0001072 - EFO:0001402 - EHDAA2:0002084 - EHDAA:3738 - EMAPA:17576 - FMA:50866 - GAID:726 - HBA:9322 - MA:0001100 - MBA:901 - MESH:D014276 - MFMO:0000093 - NCIT:C12806 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwMF8CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000697 - UMLS:C0040996 - VHOG:0000704 - XAO:0003092 - ZFA:0000697 - neuronames:549 - fifth cranial nerve - nervus trigeminus - nervus trigeminus [v] - trigeminal V - trigeminal nerve [V] - trigeminal nerve tree - trigeminal v nerve - uberon - CN-V - cranial nerve V - nerve V - nervus trigeminus - trigeminus - UBERON:0001645 - - - - - - trigeminal nerve - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + positive regulation of cellular breakdown + positive regulation of cellular catabolism + positive regulation of cellular degradation + up regulation of cellular catabolic process + up-regulation of cellular catabolic process + upregulation of cellular catabolic process + activation of cellular catabolic process + stimulation of cellular catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0031331 + positive regulation of cellular catabolic process - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + down regulation of protein complex assembly + down-regulation of protein complex assembly + downregulation of protein complex assembly + inhibition of protein complex assembly + biological_process + negative regulation of protein complex assembly + GO:0031333 + negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly + - + - Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). - - ISBN:0471209627 - - - - - Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010470 - AAO - AAO:EJS + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + up regulation of protein complex assembly + up-regulation of protein complex assembly + upregulation of protein complex assembly + activation of protein complex assembly + stimulation of protein complex assembly + biological_process + positive regulation of protein complex assembly + GO:0031334 + positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly + + + + + - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000704 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls - ISBN:0471888893 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + biological_process + GO:0031338 + regulation of vesicle fusion + - - - 5n - BIRNLEX:869 - NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + down regulation of vesicle fusion + down-regulation of vesicle fusion + downregulation of vesicle fusion + inhibition of vesicle fusion + biological_process + GO:0031339 + negative regulation of vesicle fusion + - - - UMLS:C0040996 - BIRNLEX:869 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + up regulation of vesicle fusion + up-regulation of vesicle fusion + upregulation of vesicle fusion + activation of vesicle fusion + stimulation of vesicle fusion + biological_process + GO:0031340 + positive regulation of vesicle fusion + - - - UMLS:C0040996 - ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + regulation of cell projection organisation + biological_process + regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GO:0031344 + regulation of cell projection organization + - - - neuronames:549 - BIRNLEX:869 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + GOC:mah - - - nervus trigeminus - - + + + regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + down regulation of cell projection organization + down-regulation of cell projection organization + downregulation of cell projection organization + negative regulation of cell projection organisation + inhibition of cell projection organization + biological_process + negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GO:0031345 + negative regulation of cell projection organization + - - - nervus trigeminus [v] - FMA:50866 - FMA:TA - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + GOC:mah - + - trigeminal V - EHDAA2:0002084 + down regulation of cell projection organization + GOC:mah - + - nerve V - NeuroNames:549 + negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + positive regulation of cell projection organisation + up regulation of cell projection organization + up-regulation of cell projection organization + upregulation of cell projection organization + activation of cell projection organization + stimulation of cell projection organization + biological_process + positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GO:0031346 + positive regulation of cell projection organization + - - - nervus trigeminus - BTO:0001072 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. + GOC:mah - + - trigeminus - BTO:0001072 + positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. + GO:0016023 + NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 + cellular_component + cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle + cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle + cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle + GO:0031410 + + + + + + + cytoplasmic vesicle + + + + + A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. + GOC:ai + GOC:mah + GOC:vesicles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. - TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' - - - - - EMAPA:37378 - FMA:50872 - MA:0002500 - NCIT:C33489 - UMLS:C0923924 - galen:RightPulmonaryArtery - right main pulmonary artery - right pulmonary arterial tree - uberon - arteria pulmonalis dextra - UBERON:0001651 - - - right pulmonary artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 + GO:0034629 + establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization + protein complex localisation + biological_process + cellular protein complex localisation + cellular protein complex localization + cellular protein-containing complex localization + establishment and maintenance of cellular protein complex localization + protein complex localization + GO:0031503 + protein-containing complex localization - + - The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - EMAPA:37378 - MA:th + A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0923924 - ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery + + + protein complex localisation + GOC:mah - + - arteria pulmonalis dextra - - + cellular protein complex localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. - TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' - - - - - EMAPA:37097 - FMA:50873 - MA:0002032 - NCIT:C32971 - UMLS:C0923925 - galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery - left main pulmonary artery - left pulmonary arterial tree - uberon - arteria pulmonalis sinistra - UBERON:0001652 - - - left pulmonary artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1124888485 + Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction + cellular_component + NMJ + motor endplate + GO:0031594 + In vertebrates, the term 'neuromuscular junction' is limited to synapses targeting skeletal muscle fibers - all of which are cholinergic and excitatory. Both inhibitory and excitatory neuromuscular junctions exist in invertebrates, utilizing a range of neurotransmitters including glutamate, GABA and 5-HT. + neuromuscular junction - + - The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - EMAPA:37097 - MA:th + The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential. + GOC:nln - - - UMLS:C0923925 - ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery + + + NMJ + GOC:ha - + - arteria pulmonalis sinistra - - + motor endplate + NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090512 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. - - Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] - MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' - - - - AAO:0010513 - EMAPA:19220 - FMA:50874 - MA:0002115 - NCIT:C32579 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0226532 - face vein - vein of face - uberon - anterior facial vein - vena facialis anterior - UBERON:0001653 - - - facial vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. + regulation of neurological process + regulation of neurological system process + regulation of neurophysiological process + biological_process + GO:0031644 + regulation of nervous system process - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010513 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0226532 - ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein - - - - - face vein - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - vein of face - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anterior facial vein - - - - - - - vena facialis anterior - - + regulation of neurological process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. - consider renaming this 'trigeminal ganglion complex'. The complex may be fused (amniotes) partially fused (xenopus) or separate (sharks) - A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - In Xenopus, the profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. - - - - - - - AAO:0011107 - BAMS:5Gn - BAMS:GV - BTO:0001231 - EFO:0000903 - EHDAA2:0002085 - EHDAA:2113 - EMAPA:16797 - FMA:52618 - GAID:725 - MA:0001080 - MAT:0000511 - MESH:D012668 - NCIT:C62642 - TAO:0000295 - UMLS:C0040995 - VHOG:0000694 - XAO:0000427 - XAO:0000428 - ZFA:0000295 - neuronames:1402 - 5th ganglion - Gasserian ganglion - fifth ganglion - ganglion of trigeminal complex - semilunar ganglion - trigeminal V ganglion - fused trigeminal ganglion - uberon - Gasser's ganglion - Gasserian ganglia - gV - ganglion of trigeminal nerve - ganglion semilunare - ganglion trigeminale - trigeminal ganglia - trigeminus ganglion - UBERON:0001675 - - - - - trigeminal ganglion - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. + down regulation of neurological process + down-regulation of neurological process + downregulation of neurological process + negative regulation of neurological process + negative regulation of neurological system process + negative regulation of neurophysiological process + inhibition of neurological process + biological_process + GO:0031645 + negative regulation of nervous system process - - - - ncithesaurus - - - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - + - The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. - - - - - - - - A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000295 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In Xenopus, the profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. - - XAO:0004093 - - - - - UMLS:C0040995 - ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Ganglion - - - - - 5th ganglion - ZFA:0000295 - - - - - Gasserian ganglion - - - - - - fifth ganglion - ZFA:0000295 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - ganglion of trigeminal complex - + negative regulation of neurological process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. + positive regulation of neurological process + positive regulation of neurological system process + positive regulation of neurophysiological process + up regulation of neurological process + up-regulation of neurological process + upregulation of neurological process + activation of neurological process + stimulation of neurological process + biological_process + GO:0031646 + positive regulation of nervous system process + - - - semilunar ganglion - ISBN:0471888893 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - trigeminal V ganglion - MA:0001080 - - - - - fused trigeminal ganglion - NCBITaxon:32524 - - - - - - Gasser's ganglion - BTO:0001231 - - - - - Gasserian ganglia - - - - - - - ganglion of trigeminal nerve - BTO:0001231 - - - - - ganglion semilunare - - - - - - - ganglion trigeminale - - - - - - - ganglion trigeminale - BTO:0001231 - - - - - trigeminal ganglia - + positive regulation of neurological process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1687101204 + cellular_component + GO:0031965 + nuclear membrane + + + + + Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. + GOC:mah + GOC:pz + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. + cellular_component + GO:0031967 + + organelle envelope + + + + + A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. + GOC:mah + GOC:pz + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. - formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII - fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular) - - - - EMAPA:25112 - FMA:52735 - GAID:227 - MA:0001468 - MESH:D009777 - NCIT:C12757 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtsiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0028784 - uberon - occipital complex - occipital squama - os occipitale - UBERON:0001676 - - - occipital bone - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray194.png + The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope. + cellular_component + GO:0031968 + organelle outer membrane - - - - FMA + + + The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. + cellular_component + GO:0031974 + membrane-enclosed lumen + - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. + GOC:add + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - basi paired exo and supra occipital bones - MA-modified - - - - - - - - + - - interparietal (postparietal) - + + A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. + cellular_component + GO:0031975 + envelope + - - - - - - - - - WP + + + A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. + GOC:mah + GOC:pz - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0031981 + nuclear lumen + - + - The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0005269 - - - - - formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII - - - - - - fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular) - Kardong - - - - - UMLS:C0028784 - ncithesaurus:Occipital_Bone - - - - - occipital complex - + The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. + GOC:mah + GOC:pz + + + + + + + + Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. + GO:0031988 + NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602 + Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) + cellular_component + membrane-bounded vesicle + membrane-enclosed vesicle + GO:0031982 + + vesicle + - - - os occipitale - - + + + Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. + GOC:mah + GOC:pz + GOC:vesicles - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - + + Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + locomotion during locomotory behaviour + biological_process + GO:0031987 + locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + + + + + Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + up regulation of insulin secretion + up-regulation of insulin secretion + upregulation of insulin secretion + activation of insulin secretion + stimulation of insulin secretion + biological_process + GO:0032024 + positive regulation of insulin secretion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. + down regulation of translation initiation in response to stress + down-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress + downregulation of translation initiation in response to stress + inhibition of translation initiation in response to stress + biological_process + GO:0032057 + negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. - part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA - - - - CALOHA:TS-2343 - EMAPA:18340 - FMA:52736 - GAID:230 - MA:0001472 - MESH:D013100 - NCIT:C12790 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwAU9XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0037884 - os sphenoidale - sphenoid - sphenoidal bone - uberon - butterfly bone - os sphenoidale - os sphenoidum - sphenoid complex - UBERON:0001677 - - - sphenoid bone - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. + up regulation of translation initiation in response to stress + up-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress + upregulation of translation initiation in response to stress + activation of translation initiation in response to stress + stimulation of translation initiation in response to stress + biological_process + GO:0032058 + positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - orbito pre and basi sphenoid - - - - - - - - - - - pterygoid process - - - - - - - - - - - alisphenoid - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. - - - - - - part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA - FMA + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. + Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology) + plasma membrane bleb + cellular_component + GO:0032059 + + bleb + - - - UMLS:C0037884 - ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Bone + + + A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12083798 + PMID:16624291 + Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology) - + - os sphenoidale - FMA:52736 - FMA:TA - - - - - - butterfly bone - - - - - - os sphenoidale - - - - - - os sphenoidale - - - - - - - os sphenoidum - + plasma membrane bleb + GOC:pr - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. - A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG] - The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG] - ethmoidal - todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost - Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA - - - - BTO:0004140 - EMAPA:19018 - FMA:52740 - GAID:212 - MA:0001483 - MESH:D005004 - NCIT:C12711 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvuUPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0015027 - VHOG:0001317 - ethmoid - ethmoidal bone - os ethmoidale - uberon - UBERON:0001679 - - - ethmoid bone - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg + The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. + blebbing + membrane blebbing + cell blebbing + plasma membrane bleb assembly + plasma membrane blebbing + biological_process + GO:0032060 + bleb assembly - - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. - - - - - - A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001317 - VHOG - - - - - - - The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001317 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.259 - - - - - Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0015027 - ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Bone + The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12083798 + PMID:16624291 + Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology) - - - ethmoid - FMA:52740 + + + blebbing + GOC:pr - - - ethmoidal bone - MP:0000101 + + + membrane blebbing + GOC:pr - + - os ethmoidale - + plasma membrane bleb assembly + GOC:pr - + - os ethmoidale - FMA:52740 - FMA:TA - + plasma membrane blebbing + GOC:pr - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. - Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO] - in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit - - - BTO:0004687 - FMA:53074 - GAID:223 - MA:0002482 - MESH:D009915 - NCIT:C12347 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvW8EgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001410 - UMLS:C0029180 - XAO:0003171 - ZFA:0001410 - galen:Orbit - bony orbit - eye socket - orbit of skull - uberon - orbit - UBERON:0001697 - - - - orbit of skull + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + biological_process + nuclease regulator activity + GO:0032069 + + regulation of nuclease activity + + + + - + - - - - - - - FMA-abduced-lr + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. - - - TAO:0001410 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001410 - TAO - TAO:MAH - - - - - in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0029180 - ncithesaurus:Orbit - - - - - orbit of skull - FMA:53074 - - - - - orbit - ZFA:0001410 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + biological_process + DNase regulator + deoxyribonuclease regulator + GO:0032070 + + regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. - Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO] - neurocranial - It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton - The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. - It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... - - - AAO:0010153 - EHDAA2:0000243 - EMAPA:17681 - FMA:53672 - MA:0000317 - TAO:0001580 - XAO:0003170 - ZFA:0001580 - brain box - uberon - brain case - brain pan - braincase - UBERON:0001703 - - - - neurocranium + + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + down regulation of nuclease activity + down-regulation of nuclease activity + downregulation of nuclease activity + inhibition of nuclease activity + biological_process + nuclease inhibitor + GO:0032074 + + negative regulation of nuclease activity + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. - - - TAO:MAH - ZFA:0001580 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001580 - TAO - TAO:MAH - - - - - The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. - WP - - - - - It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... - MA - - - - - brain case - ZFA:0001580 - - - - - brain pan - - - - - - braincase - ZFA:0001580 + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + up regulation of nuclease activity + up-regulation of nuclease activity + upregulation of nuclease activity + activation of nuclease activity + stimulation of nuclease activity + biological_process + nuclease activator + GO:0032075 + + positive regulation of nuclease activity + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + down regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + down-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + downregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + inhibition of deoxyribonuclease activity + biological_process + DNase inhibitor + deoxyribonuclease inhibitor + GO:0032076 + + negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + + + + + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + up regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + up-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + upregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + activation of deoxyribonuclease activity + stimulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + biological_process + DNase activator + deoxyribonuclease activator + GO:0032077 + + positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0032101 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + regulation of response to external stimulus + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. + down regulation of response to external stimulus + down-regulation of response to external stimulus + downregulation of response to external stimulus + inhibition of response to external stimulus + biological_process + GO:0032102 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + negative regulation of response to external stimulus + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. - TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). - Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] - There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). - in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates - - - - AAO:0000988 - BTO:0001749 - EMAPA:35455 - FMA:54396 - GAID:214 - MA:0001905 - MESH:D007568 - NCIT:C48821 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001227 - UMLS:C0022359 - ZFA:0001227 - galen:Jaw - jaw - jaw cartilage - mandibular arch skeleton - uberon - anterior splanchnocranium - jaws - mandibular arch - oral jaw skeleton - pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton - visceral arch 1 - UBERON:0001708 - - - - jaw skeleton + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. + up regulation of response to external stimulus + up-regulation of response to external stimulus + upregulation of response to external stimulus + activation of response to external stimulus + stimulation of response to external stimulus + biological_process + GO:0032103 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + positive regulation of response to external stimulus - - - + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - cjm - - - - - + + - - + + - - - + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule. + dense core vesicle membrane + cellular_component + GO:0032127 + dense core granule membrane + - + - Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. - - - - - - - Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001227 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0022359 - ncithesaurus:Jaw + The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule. + GOC:mah - - - jaw - MA:0001905 - - - - - jaw cartilage - ZFA:0001227 - - - + - mandibular arch skeleton - ZFA:0001227 - - - - - mandibular arch - TAO:0001227 + dense core vesicle membrane + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + biological_process + GO:0032222 + regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + inhibition of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + biological_process + GO:0032223 + negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. - - Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA - - - AAO:0000620 - EHDAA2:0002118 - EHDAA2:0004607 - EHDAA:8025 - EMAPA:17924 - FMA:59399 - VHOG:0000454 - ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw - maxillary part of mouth - uberon - alveolodental arch of bimaxilla - dorsal mandibular arch - dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 - maxillary part of mouth proper - palatoquadrate arch - upper pharyngeal jaws - UBERON:0001709 - - - See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. - upper jaw region - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + activation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + stimulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic + biological_process + GO:0032224 + positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic - + - Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. - - - - - - - Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000620 - AAO - AAO:LAP + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + regulation of actin cable assembly + biological_process + regulation of actin filament bundle formation + GO:0032231 + regulation of actin filament bundle assembly + + + + + - - - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000454 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA - MA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + GOC:mah - + - maxillary part of mouth - FMA:59399 - - - - - alveolodental arch of bimaxilla - FMA:59399 - - - - - dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 - + regulation of actin cable assembly + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - maxillary part of mouth proper - FMA:59399 - - - + - palatoquadrate arch - + regulation of actin filament bundle formation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + down regulation of actin filament bundle formation + down-regulation of actin filament bundle formation + downregulation of actin filament bundle formation + inhibition of actin filament bundle formation + biological_process + GO:0032232 + negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. - - Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA - - - AAO:0000272 - EFO:0003660 - EHDAA2:0001018 - EHDAA:7995 - EMAPA:17906 - FMA:59398 - MESH:D008334 - VHOG:0000453 - ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw - mandibular part of mouth - uberon - lower part of mouth - mandibular series - UBERON:0001710 - - - - See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head - lower jaw region - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + up regulation of actin filament bundle formation + up-regulation of actin filament bundle formation + upregulation of actin filament bundle formation + activation of actin filament bundle formation + stimulation of actin filament bundle formation + biological_process + GO:0032233 + positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. - - - - - - Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000272 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000453 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GO:0032239 + regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport + - - - Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA - MA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - - - mandibular part of mouth - FMA:59398 + + + regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + biological_process + negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GO:0032240 + negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + biological_process + positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GO:0032241 + positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. - Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] - UBERON:0003213 - UBERON:0026601 - - - BIRNLEX:2597 - BTO:0000106 - EFO:0000902 - EMAPA:16659 - FMA:54502 - MA:0000213 - MA:0000214 - MAT:0000200 - MIAA:0000200 - TAO:0000013 - VHOG:0000076 - XAO:0000027 - ZFA:0000013 - cranial ganglion - cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system - cranial ganglion/nerve - cranial nerve ganglion - cranial neural ganglion - cranial neural tree organ ganglion - ganglion of cranial nerve - ganglion of cranial neural tree organ - uberon - cranial ganglia - head ganglion - presumptive cranial ganglia - UBERON:0001714 - - - - - cranial ganglion + Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + secretory granule localisation + biological_process + secretory granule clustering + GO:0032252 + secretory granule localization - + - The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MGI:csmith - MP:0001081 - - - - - Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000013 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + GOC:mah - + - cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system - BIRNLEX:2597 + secretory granule localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + dense core granule localisation + dense core vesicle localization + biological_process + dense core granule clustering + GO:0032253 + dense core granule localization + - - - cranial neural tree organ ganglion - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + GOC:mah - + - ganglion of cranial nerve - FMA:54502 + dense core granule localisation + GOC:mah - + - ganglion of cranial neural tree organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - presumptive cranial ganglia - ZFA:0000013 + dense core vesicle localization + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. - See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship - TOODO check - - AAO:0010435 - BSA:0000113 - BTO:0002097 - EMAPA:18381 - FMA:54935 - XAO:0000105 - lumen of pharynx - pharyngeal cavity - uberon - cavitas pharyngealis - cavitas pharyngis - UBERON:0001731 - cavity of pharynx + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + regulation of protein polymerisation + biological_process + GO:0032271 + regulation of protein polymerization - - - - - - - - - XAO + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - XAO - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + down regulation of protein polymerization + down-regulation of protein polymerization + downregulation of protein polymerization + inhibition of protein polymerization + biological_process + GO:0032272 + negative regulation of protein polymerization + - + - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavitas pharyngealis - - - - - - cavitas pharyngis - BTO:0002097 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + up regulation of protein polymerization + up-regulation of protein polymerization + upregulation of protein polymerization + activation of protein polymerization + stimulation of protein polymerization + biological_process + GO:0032273 + positive regulation of protein polymerization + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. - The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] - space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball - - - - BTO:0002084 - EHDAA2:0000129 - EHDAA:9033 - EMAPA:18231 - FMA:58078 - GAID:889 - MA:0000262 - MESH:D000867 - NCIT:C12667 - UMLS:C0003151 - VHOG:0001431 - anterior chamber - anterior chamber of eye - camera anterior - eye anterior chamber - uberon - camera anterior bulbi - camera anterior bulbi oculi - camera oculi anterior - UBERON:0001766 - - anterior chamber of eyeball - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0032330 + regulation of chondrocyte differentiation - - - - FMA - - - + - The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. - MESH:A09.371.060.067 - MP:0005205 - - - - - The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001431 - VHOG - - - - - - - space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball - EHDAA2 - - - - - UMLS:C0003151 - ncithesaurus:Anterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye - - - - - anterior chamber - HP:0000593 - MP:0010709 - - - - - camera anterior bulbi - BTO:0002084 - - - - - camera anterior bulbi oculi - - - - - - - camera oculi anterior - BTO:0002084 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + down regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + down-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + downregulation of chondrocyte differentiation + inhibition of chondrocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0032331 + negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + up regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + up-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + upregulation of chondrocyte differentiation + activation of chondrocyte differentiation + stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0032332 + positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The directed movement of lipids within cells. + biological_process + GO:0032365 + intracellular lipid transport + + + + + The directed movement of lipids within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. - TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus - - uveal - - - - CALOHA:TS-2228 - EMAPA:35901 - FMA:58103 - GAID:912 - MA:0002480 - MESH:D014602 - NCIT:C12811 - UMLS:C0042160 - tunica vasculosa of eyeball - uvea - uveal tract - uberon - pars iridica retinae - tunica vasculatis oculi - tunica vasculosa bulbi - vascular layer of eyeball - UBERON:0001768 - - - uvea - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gray869.png + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0032368 + regulation of lipid transport + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. - - MP:0005197 - - - - - - - - - - - UMLS:C0042160 - ncithesaurus:Uvea - - - - - tunica vasculosa of eyeball - FMA:58103 - - - - - uvea - FMA:58103 - - - - - uveal tract - FMA:58103 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of lipid transport + down-regulation of lipid transport + downregulation of lipid transport + inhibition of lipid transport + biological_process + GO:0032369 + negative regulation of lipid transport + + + + + - - - pars iridica retinae - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - tunica vasculatis oculi - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of lipid transport + up-regulation of lipid transport + upregulation of lipid transport + activation of lipid transport + stimulation of lipid transport + biological_process + GO:0032370 + positive regulation of lipid transport + + + + + - - - tunica vasculosa bulbi - - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - vascular layer of eyeball - FMA:58103 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + biological_process + GO:0032377 + regulation of intracellular lipid transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + down regulation of intracellular lipid transport + down-regulation of intracellular lipid transport + downregulation of intracellular lipid transport + inhibition of intracellular lipid transport + biological_process + GO:0032378 + negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. - - The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - iridial - The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019] - - - - AAO:0010347 - BTO:0000653 - CALOHA:TS-0491 - EFO:0004245 - EMAPA:19154 - EV:0100345 - FMA:58235 - GAID:917 - MA:0000273 - MESH:D007498 - NCIT:C12737 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001238 - UMLS:C0022077 - VHOG:0000101 - XAO:0000185 - ZFA:0001238 - uberon - anterior uvea - irides - irises - UBERON:0001769 - - - - - - iris + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + up regulation of intracellular lipid transport + up-regulation of intracellular lipid transport + upregulation of intracellular lipid transport + activation of intracellular lipid transport + stimulation of intracellular lipid transport + biological_process + GO:0032379 + positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - XAO - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + biological_process + GO:0032386 + regulation of intracellular transport + - + - The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0001322 - - - - - The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000101 - VHOG - - - - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000101 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) - - - - - UMLS:C0022077 - ncithesaurus:Iris - - - - - irides - - - - - - irises - VHOG:0000101 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + down regulation of intracellular transport + down-regulation of intracellular transport + downregulation of intracellular transport + inhibition of intracellular transport + biological_process + GO:0032387 + negative regulation of intracellular transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + up regulation of intracellular transport + up-regulation of intracellular transport + upregulation of intracellular transport + activation of intracellular transport + stimulation of intracellular transport + biological_process + GO:0032388 + positive regulation of intracellular transport + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. + biological_process + GO:0032409 + + regulation of transporter activity + + + + + Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. - - Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] - In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei - In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals - - - - BTO:0000287 - CALOHA:TS-0173 - EFO:0001917 - EHDAA2:0000319 - EMAPA:17162 - FMA:58263 - GAID:895 - MA:0001243 - MESH:D019573 - NCIT:C12928 - TAO:0002187 - UMLS:C0459875 - ZFA:0001683 - anterior corneal epithelium - cornea epithelial tissue - cornea epithelium - epithelial tissue of cornea - epithelium anterius (cornea) - epithelium anterius corneae - epithelium corneæ anterior layer - epithelium of cornea - external epithelium of cornea - uberon - anterior endothelium of cornea - e. anterius corneae - endothelium anterius corneae - endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi - endothelium corneale - epithelium posterius corneae - UBERON:0001772 - - - - - - corneal epithelium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. + down regulation of transporter activity + down-regulation of transporter activity + downregulation of transporter activity + inhibition of transporter activity + biological_process + GO:0032410 + + negative regulation of transporter activity - - - + + + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0781772214 - + + Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. + up regulation of transporter activity + up-regulation of transporter activity + upregulation of transporter activity + activation of transporter activity + stimulation of transporter activity + biological_process + GO:0032411 + + positive regulation of transporter activity + - + - The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. - MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 - MGI:smb - MP:0006000 - - - - - Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002187 - TAO - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. + regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity + regulation of ion transporter activity + biological_process + GO:0032412 + + regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity + - - - UMLS:C0459875 - ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium + + + Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - cornea epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + regulation of ion transporter activity + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter. + down regulation of ion transporter activity + down-regulation of ion transporter activity + downregulation of ion transporter activity + negative regulation of ion transporter activity + inhibition of ion transporter activity + biological_process + GO:0032413 + + negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + - - - cornea epithelium - OBOL:automatic + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - epithelial tissue of cornea - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter. + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - epithelium anterius corneae - FMA:58263 - FMA:TA - - - - - - anterior endothelium of cornea - BTO:0000287 - - - - - e. anterius corneae - - - - - - - endothelium anterius corneae - BTO:0000287 + negative regulation of ion transporter activity + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. + positive regulation of ion transporter activity + up regulation of ion transporter activity + up-regulation of ion transporter activity + upregulation of ion transporter activity + activation of ion transporter activity + stimulation of ion transporter activity + biological_process + GO:0032414 + + positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + - - - endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi - BTO:0000287 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - endothelium corneale - BTO:0000287 + + + Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - - - epithelium posterius corneae - BTO:0000287 + + + positive regulation of ion transporter activity + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + - + - + + An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. + GO:0000141 + GO:0030482 + cellular_component + actin cable + GO:0032432 + actin filament bundle + + + + + An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. + GOC:mah + + + + + actin cable + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. - The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. - The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] - scleral - in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal - continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. - Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. - Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709]. - - - - AAO:0010354 - BTO:0001606 - EMAPA:19027 - EV:0100342 - FMA:58269 - GAID:911 - MA:0000280 - MESH:D012590 - NCIT:C12784 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0036410 - VHOG:0001274 - XAO:0000183 - ZFA:0005563 - uberon - scleral capsule - UBERON:0001773 - - - - Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. - sclera - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - - - - - + - - + + - - FMA - - - - - + + - - + + - - ZFA - - - - - + + - - + + - - ISBN:0781772214 - - - - - + + - - + + - - cjm - ISBN:0781772214 - Wikipedia - + + Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. + + + + + jl + 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z + GO:0044707 + GO:0050874 + organismal physiological process + biological_process + single-multicellular organism process + GO:0032501 + + + multicellular organismal process + - + - Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. - - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050701-15 - - - - - The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. - + Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. + GOC:curators + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. + jl + 2012-12-19T12:21:31Z + GO:0044767 + development + biological_process + single-organism developmental process + GO:0032502 + + + + developmental process + - - - The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001274 - VHOG - - + + + A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + + The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. + biological_process + GO:0032504 + + multicellular organism reproduction + - - - UMLS:C0036410 - ncithesaurus:Sclera + + + The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. - Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'. - Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here. - AAO:0000611 - EMAPA:35888 - FMA:58274 - MA:0000514 - TAO:0000473 - XAO:0003230 - ZFA:0000473 - body musculature - muscle of trunk - muscle organ of torso - muscle organ of trunk - torso muscle organ - trunk muscle - trunk muscle organ - trunk musculature - uberon - UBERON:0001774 - - - skeletal muscle of trunk - - - - - + - - + + - - prolog - + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. + + microvillus organisation + biological_process + microvillus organization and biogenesis + GO:0032528 + microvillus organization + - + - A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. + GOC:mah - - - body musculature - ZFA:0000473 - - - + - muscle of trunk - FMA:58274 + microvillus organisation + GOC:mah - - - muscle organ of torso - OBOL:automatic + + + microvillus organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus. + regulation of microvillus organisation + biological_process + regulation of microvillus organization and biogenesis + GO:0032530 + regulation of microvillus organization + - - - muscle organ of trunk - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus. + GOC:mah - + - torso muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + regulation of microvillus organisation + GOC:mah - - - trunk muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of microvillus organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus. + biological_process + regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GO:0032534 + regulation of microvillus assembly + + + + + A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus. + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection. + cellular_component + GO:0032589 + neuron projection membrane + + + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. + protein translocation within membrane + receptor translocation within membrane + receptor transport within lipid bilayer + biological_process + GO:0032594 + protein transport within lipid bilayer + + + + + The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010341 - BTO:0000260 - CALOHA:TS-0694 - EMAPA:19065 - EV:0100346 - FMA:58295 - GAID:916 - MA:0000264 - MESH:D002924 - NCIT:C12345 - UMLS:C0008779 - VHOG:0000102 - XAO:0000186 - neuronames:1571 - ocular ciliary body - uberon - anterior uvea - ciliary bodies - corpus ciliare - UBERON:0001775 - - - - - ciliary body - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. + GO:0062103 + RNA anabolism + RNA biosynthesis + RNA formation + RNA synthesis + double-stranded RNA biosynthesis + double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process + dsRNA biosynthesis + dsRNA biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0032774 + + Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study. + RNA biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0781772214 - - - + - The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. - - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0005099 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. + GOC:mah + GOC:txnOH - - - The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000102 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) - - - - - UMLS:C0008779 - ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body - - - - - ciliary bodies - VHOG:0000102 - - - - - - corpus ciliare - - - - - - corpus ciliare - - + + + dsRNA biosynthetic process + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:nc + GOC:rl - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. + biological_process + GO:0032782 + bile acid secretion + + + + + The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ecd + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. - check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA - - choroidal - MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct - - - - BTO:0001829 - CALOHA:TS-2054 - EMAPA:19077 - EV:0100347 - FMA:58298 - GAID:913 - MA:0000263 - MESH:D002829 - NCIT:C12344 - TAO:0005229 - UMLS:C0008520 - VHOG:0001568 - ZFA:0005229 - choroid - choroid coat - choroidea - eye choroid - posterior uvea - uberon - chorioid - choroidea - optic choroid - UBERON:0001776 - - - - - optic choroid - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). + monocarboxylate metabolic process + monocarboxylic acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0032787 + + monocarboxylic acid metabolic process - - - - - - - - - MA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). + GOC:vk - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - - - - - - lexical - + + The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits. + ribosome recycling + biological_process + ribosome dissociation factor + GO:0032790 + ribosome disassembly + - + - Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. - - - - - - MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct - MP - - - - - UMLS:C0008520 - ncithesaurus:Choroid - - - - - choroid - MA:0000263 - - - - - choroid coat - - - - - - choroidea - - - - - - eye choroid - VHOG:0001568 - - - - - posterior uvea - - - - - - chorioid - BTO:0001829 - - - - - choroidea - - + The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits. + GOC:mah + GOC:vk - - - optic choroid - ZFA:0005229 + + + ribosome recycling + GOC:db + PMID:9463391 - + - + - + - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. + cellular_component + GO:0032838 + plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm + + + + + All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. + GOC:krc + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. - Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO] - relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] - relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] - substantia propria - - - - CALOHA:TS-1138 - EFO:0002514 - EMAPA:17602 - FMA:58306 - GAID:893 - MA:0001245 - MESH:D003319 - NCIT:C12699 - TAO:0002189 - UMLS:C0010040 - ZFA:0001685 - corneal stroma - stroma of cornea - substantia propria corneae - uberon - UBERON:0001777 - - - - - substantia propria of cornea - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. + response to insulin stimulus + biological_process + GO:0032868 + response to insulin - - - - - - - - - cjm - ISBN:0781772214 - Wikipedia - - - + - The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MESH:A09.371.060.217.228 - MP:0005300 - - - - - Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002189 - TAO - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 - - - - - relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002189 - TAO - - - - - relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002189 - TAO - - - - - UMLS:C0010040 - ncithesaurus:Corneal_Stroma - - - - - corneal stroma - MA:0001245 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 - + - substantia propria corneae - FMA:58306 - FMA:TA - + response to insulin stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of karyogamy, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of membrane fusion. + biological_process + GO:0032871 + regulation of karyogamy + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of karyogamy, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of membrane fusion. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + biological_process + GO:0032878 + regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. - - - - - BTO:0001770 - CALOHA:TS-0695 - EMAPA:35239 - FMA:58464 - MA:0001238 - NCIT:C32314 - UMLS:C0459736 - ciliary body epithelium - epithelium of ciliary body - ocular ciliary epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001778 - - ciliary epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + regulation of localisation + biological_process + GO:0032879 + regulation of localization - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - MP + + + regulation of localisation + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 + jl + 2015-01-20T14:32:14Z + GO:1903827 + regulation of cellular protein localisation + regulation of cellular protein localization + regulation of protein localisation + biological_process + GO:0032880 + + regulation of protein localization + - + - A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. - - - - - - UMLS:C0459736 - ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - ciliary body epithelium - FMA:58464 + regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - epithelium of ciliary body - FMA:58464 + regulation of protein localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. - - - EMAPA:35451 - FMA:58526 - MA:0002777 - ZFA:0005569 - iridial stroma - stroma of iris - uberon - UBERON:0001779 - - - - iris stroma - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. + biological_process + GO:0032881 + regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process - + - The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. + biological_process + GO:0032885 + regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. + biological_process + GO:0032886 + regulation of microtubule-based process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. - - Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011101 - BAMS:spin - BTO:0000870 - EHDAA2:0001898 - EMAPA:16989 - FMA:5858 - GAID:841 - MA:0000233 - MESH:D013127 - NCIT:C12792 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0037941 - VHOG:0000824 - XAO:0003101 - neuronames:1228 - backbone nerve - nerve of backbone - nerve of spinal column - nerve of spine - nerve of vertebral column - spinal column nerve - spinal nerve tree - spine nerve - vertebral column nerve - uberon - nervi spinales - spinal nerves - UBERON:0001780 - - - - spinal nerve - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0032890 + regulation of organic acid transport - + - The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. - MESH:A08.800.800.720 - MP:0001077 - - - - - Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000824 - VHOG - - - - - - - UMLS:C0037941 - ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve - - - - - backbone nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of backbone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of spinal column - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of spine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of vertebral column - OBOL:automatic - - - - - spinal column nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - spine nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebral column nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nervi spinales - - - - - - - spinal nerves - BAMS:spin - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of organic acid transport + down-regulation of organic acid transport + downregulation of organic acid transport + inhibition of organic acid transport + biological_process + GO:0032891 + negative regulation of organic acid transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. - MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers - - - AAO:0010353 - EMAPA:35742 - FMA:58617 - MA:0001319 - NCIT:C49328 - UMLS:C0459649 - XAO:0000266 - retina layer - retina neuronal layer - retinal layer - retinal neuronal layer - uberon - UBERON:0001781 - - - layer of retina + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of organic acid transport + up-regulation of organic acid transport + upregulation of organic acid transport + activation of organic acid transport + stimulation of organic acid transport + biological_process + GO:0032892 + positive regulation of organic acid transport - + - Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. - MP:0003727 - - - - - MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers - MA + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The controlled release of a substance by a cell. + Wikipedia:Secretion + cellular secretion + biological_process + GO:0032940 + secretion by cell + - - - UMLS:C0459649 - ncithesaurus:Retina_Layer + + + The controlled release of a substance by a cell. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. + tissue secretion + biological_process + expulsion of gland contents + GO:0032941 + secretion by tissue + - - - retina neuronal layer - MP:0006069 + + + The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. + GOC:mah - - - retinal neuronal layer - MP:0006069 + + + expulsion of gland contents + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + + The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. + PBMC proliferation + peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0032943 + mononuclear cell proliferation + + + + + The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + regulation of PBMC proliferation + regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0032944 + regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + negative regulation of PBMC proliferation + negative regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0032945 + negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. - classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. - - Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] - See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 - - - - - AAO:0000108 - BAMS:cran - BIRNLEX:1623 - BTO:0001104 - EHDAA2:0000323 - EMAPA:17264 - FMA:5865 - GAID:802 - HBA:9299 - MA:0000215 - MBA:967 - MESH:D003391 - NCIT:C12700 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000641 - UMLS:C0010268 - UMLS:C1269897 - VHOG:0000279 - XAO:0000429 - XAO:0003089 - ZFA:0000641 - neuronames:1227 - cranial neural tree organ - uberon - cranial nerves - nervus cranialis - UBERON:0001785 - - - - - cranial nerve - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + up regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + up-regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + upregulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + activation of mononuclear cell proliferation + positive regulation of PBMC proliferation + positive regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation + stimulation of mononuclear cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0032946 + positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation - + - Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. - - - - - - Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000641 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000279 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - UMLS:C0010268 - BIRNLEX:1623 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation + biological_process + regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0032956 + regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization + - - - UMLS:C0010268 - ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C1269897 - BIRNLEX:1623 + + + regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah - + - nervus cranialis - - + regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). + collagen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0032963 + collagen metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). + collagen anabolism + collagen biosynthesis + collagen formation + collagen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0032964 + collagen biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). + GOC:mah + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. - The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] - (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. - - - - EHDAA2:0000139 - EHDAA:10196 - EMAPA:18232 - ENVO:02000024 - FMA:58819 - GAID:890 - MA:0001236 - MESH:D001082 - NCIT:C13190 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0003662 - VHOG:0000548 - ZFA:0005564 - aqueous humor - aqueous humour - humor aquosus - uberon - UBERON:0001796 - - - - aqueous humor of eyeball - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + regulation of collagen anabolism + regulation of collagen biosynthesis + regulation of collagen formation + regulation of collagen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0032965 + regulation of collagen biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - FMA def states A and P - located_in in EHDAA2 - VHOG - - - + - A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. - - - - - - The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000548 - VHOG - - - - - - - (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000548 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 - - - - - FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0003662 - ncithesaurus:Aqueous_Humor - - - - - aqueous humour - EHDAA2:0000139 - - - - - humor aquosus - FMA:58819 - FMA:TA - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + negative regulation of collagen anabolism + negative regulation of collagen biosynthesis + negative regulation of collagen formation + negative regulation of collagen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0032966 + negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. - - AEO:0001000 - BTO:0005630 - EMAPA:36596 - FMA:5885 - MA:0002566 - MESH:D017950 - NCIT:C13060 - UMLS:C0206429 - ganglion sensorium - uberon - UBERON:0001800 - - sensory ganglion + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + positive regulation of collagen anabolism + positive regulation of collagen biosynthesis + positive regulation of collagen formation + positive regulation of collagen synthesis + biological_process + GO:0032967 + positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process - + - The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. - MP:0000960 - - - - - UMLS:C0206429 - ncithesaurus:Sensory_Ganglion - - - - - ganglion sensorium - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton. + biological_process + GO:0032970 + regulation of actin filament-based process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 + GO:0034623 + GO:0043241 + GO:0043624 + protein complex disassembly + biological_process + cellular macromolecule complex disassembly + cellular protein complex disassembly + macromolecule complex disassembly + GO:0032984 + protein-containing complex disassembly + + + + + The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). - - - - - EMAPA:36594 - FMA:58865 - MA:0002484 - MESH:D000869 - NCIT:C12668 - UMLS:C0003153 - ZFA:0005566 - anterior eye segment - anterior segment eye - anterior segment of eye - anterior segment of the eye - eye anterior segment - segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) - uberon - segmentum anterius bulbi oculi - UBERON:0001801 - - - anterior segment of eyeball - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png + The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components. + DNA-protein complex disassembly + biological_process + GO:0032986 + protein-DNA complex disassembly - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components. + GOC:mah - - - + + + DNA-protein complex disassembly + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - cjm - - - - - - lexical - + + The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25143 + RNA-protein complex disassembly + RNP complex disassembly + ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly + biological_process + GO:0032988 + protein-RNA complex disassembly + - + - Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MESH:A09.371.060 - MP:0005193 - - - - - - ZFA - - pending + The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25496 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26249 + cellular component morphogenesis + cellular structure morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0032989 + + cellular anatomical entity morphogenesis + - - - UMLS:C0003153 - ncithesaurus:Anterior_Eye_Segment + + + The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - anterior segment eye - ZFA:0005566 - - - - - segmentum anterius bulbi oculi - - + cellular structure morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + - - + + + + A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. + GO:0043234 + macromolecular complex + macromolecule complex + protein containing complex + protein complex + protein-protein complex + cellular_component + GO:0032991 + + + + + + A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. + protein-containing complex + + + + + A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). - - - - EMAPA:36595 - FMA:58868 - MA:0002485 - NCIT:C12906 - UMLS:C0278450 - ZFA:0005567 - eye posterior segment - posterior eye segment - posterior segment eye - posterior segment of eye - posterior segment of the eye - segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) - uberon - segmentum posterius bulbi oculi - UBERON:0001802 - - - posterior segment of eyeball - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. + DNA-protein complex + cellular_component + GO:0032993 + + Note that this term is intended to classify complexes that have DNA as one of the members of the complex, that is, the complex does not exist if DNA is not present. Protein complexes that interact with DNA e.g. transcription factor complexes should not be classified here. + protein-DNA complex - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - - - - lexical - - - + - Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0005195 - - - - - UMLS:C0278450 - ncithesaurus:Posterior_Eye_Segment + A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. + GOC:mah - + - posterior segment eye - ZFA:0005567 - - - - - segmentum posterius bulbi oculi - - + DNA-protein complex + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. - this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former - - - - BTO:0001873 - CALOHA:TS-0543 - EMAPA:32871 - FMA:58871 - MA:0001301 - TAO:0001326 - XAO:0004094 - ZFA:0001326 - epithelial tissue of eye lens - epithelial tissue of lens - epithelium lentis - epithelium of eye lens - eye lens epithelial tissue - eye lens epithelium - lens epithelial tissue - lens epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001803 - - - - epithelium of lens + The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division. + myocyte proliferation + biological_process + GO:0033002 + muscle cell proliferation - + - A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. - - - - - - epithelial tissue of eye lens - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of lens - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium lentis - FMA:58871 - FMA:TA - - - - - - epithelium of eye lens - OBOL:automatic - - - - - eye lens epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - eye lens epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lens epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division. + CL:0000187 + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + tetrapyrrole metabolism + biological_process + GO:0033013 + + + tetrapyrrole metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + tetrapyrrole anabolism + tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + tetrapyrrole formation + tetrapyrrole synthesis + biological_process + GO:0033014 + tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + tetrapyrrole breakdown + tetrapyrrole catabolism + tetrapyrrole degradation + biological_process + GO:0033015 + tetrapyrrole catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. + apoptosis of myeloid cells + myeloid cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0033028 + myeloid cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. + CL:0000763 + GOC:add + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:11292031 + PMID:15330259 + PMID:17133093 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. + regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0033032 + regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. + GOC:add + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. - The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens - FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular - - - - EHDAA2:0000977 - EMAPA:18237 - FMA:58881 - MA:0001300 - NCIT:C32975 - UMLS:C0229232 - VHOG:0000550 - ZFA:0005574 - capsula lentis - lens capsule - uberon - UBERON:0001804 - - - - capsule of lens - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process. + down regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + down-regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + downregulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + inhibition of myeloid cell apoptosis + negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0033033 + negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process. + GOC:add + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. + up regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + up-regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + upregulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + activation of myeloid cell apoptosis + positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + stimulation of myeloid cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0033034 + positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process + - + - The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. - - MGI:smb - MP:0003236 - - - - - The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000550 - VHOG - - - - - - (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000550 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 - - - - - FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular - FMA + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. + GOC:add + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + macromolecule localisation + biological_process + GO:0033036 + + macromolecule localization + - - - UMLS:C0229232 - ncithesaurus:Lens_Capsule + + + Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:mah - + - capsula lentis - + macromolecule localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + polysaccharide localisation + biological_process + GO:0033037 + polysaccharide localization + + + + + Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:mah + + + + + polysaccharide localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. - - - AEO:0001001 - CALOHA:TS-2340 - EMAPA:17157 - EMAPA:18221 - FMA:5889 - MA:0000220 - MESH:D005725 - NCIT:C12720 - UMLS:C0017068 - autonomic nervous system ganglion - ganglion of autonomic nervous system - ganglion of visceral nervous system - visceral nervous system ganglion - uberon - ganglion autonomicum - UBERON:0001805 - - autonomic ganglion - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + regulation of organelle organisation + biological_process + regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GO:0033043 + + regulation of organelle organization - + - Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. - - - - - - UMLS:C0017068 - ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Ganglion + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. + GOC:mah - + - autonomic nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic + regulation of organelle organisation + GOC:mah - - - ganglion of autonomic nervous system - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. + regulation of chromosome organisation + biological_process + regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + GO:0033044 + regulation of chromosome organization + - - - ganglion of visceral nervous system - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. + GOC:mah - + - visceral nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic + regulation of chromosome organisation + GOC:mah - + - ganglion autonomicum - - + regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. + biological_process + GO:0033045 + regulation of sister chromatid segregation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. + biological_process + GO:0033046 + negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. - - - - AAO:0010773 - BTO:0001333 - CALOHA:TS-0994 - EHDAA2:0001969 - EMAPA:17157 - FMA:5890 - MA:0000226 - MESH:D005728 - NCIT:C12467 - UMLS:C0017071 - ganglion of sympathetic nervous system - ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system - ganglion sympatheticum - sympathetic nervous system ganglion - sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion - uberon - ganglion sympathicum - UBERON:0001806 - - - sympathetic ganglion - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + biological_process + GO:0033047 + regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - ISBN:0073040584 - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + biological_process + GO:0033048 + negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation + - + - A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. - - MP:0001008 - - - - - UMLS:C0017071 - ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Ganglion - - - - - ganglion of sympathetic nervous system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sympathetic nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ganglion sympathicum - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell. + biological_process + GO:0033059 + cellular pigmentation + - - - ganglion sympathicum - BTO:0001333 + + + The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell. + GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. - - Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] - labial - - - - BTO:0001647 - CALOHA:TS-0558 - EMAPA:32839 - FMA:59816 - GAID:76 - MA:0000343 - MESH:D008046 - NCIT:C12220 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0007006 - UMLS:C0023759 - VHOG:0000677 - ZFA:0007006 - galen:Lip - uberon - labia oris - lips - UBERON:0001833 - - - - lip - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lips.JPG - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + biological_process + GO:0033157 + regulation of intracellular protein transport + + + + - + - - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - BTO - FMA-implicit - VHOG - ZFA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - cjm - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines. + regulation of amine metabolism + regulation of cellular amine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0033238 + regulation of amine metabolic process + - + - One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. - - - - - - - Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0007006 - TAO - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0023759 - ncithesaurus:Lip - - - - - labia oris - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. + negative regulation of amine metabolism + negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0033239 + negative regulation of amine metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. + positive regulation of amine metabolism + positive regulation of cellular amine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0033240 + positive regulation of amine metabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG] - Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO] - UBERON:0003391 - - - EMAPA:17925 - FMA:59817 - MA:0000919 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWPv7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001970 - VHOG:0001750 - ZFA:0005226 - upper jaw lip - uberon - labium superius oris - UBERON:0001834 - - - - upper lip - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + regulation of amine breakdown + regulation of amine catabolism + regulation of amine degradation + regulation of cellular amine catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0033241 + regulation of amine catabolic process - + - Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. - - TAO:0001970 - - - - - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001750 - VHOG - - - - - - Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001970 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - upper jaw lip - - - - - - labium superius oris - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + negative regulation of amine breakdown + negative regulation of amine catabolism + negative regulation of amine degradation + negative regulation of cellular amine catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0033242 + negative regulation of amine catabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] - UBERON:0003392 - - - - EHDAA2:0001020 - EMAPA:17909 - FMA:59818 - MA:0000921 - NCIT:C94572 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002060 - UMLS:C0458583 - ZFA:0005225 - lower jaw lip - uberon - labium inferius oris - UBERON:0001835 - - - - lower lip - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + positive regulation of amine breakdown + positive regulation of amine catabolism + positive regulation of amine degradation + biological_process + GO:0033243 + positive regulation of amine catabolic process - + - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. - - TAO:0002060 - - - - - Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002060 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - UMLS:C0458583 - ncithesaurus:Lower_Lip - - - - - lower jaw lip - - - - - - labium inferius oris - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain. + cell proliferation in mesencephalon + biological_process + mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GO:0033278 + cell proliferation in midbrain + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain. + GOC:dgf + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. - - A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] - - - - BAMS:phn - BTO:0001063 - EHDAA:4677 - EMAPA:17813 - FMA:6191 - GAID:848 - MA:0001170 - MESH:D010791 - NCIT:C52813 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0031774 - VHOG:0000728 - uberon - diaphragmatic nerve - nervus phrenicus - phrenic - UBERON:0001884 - - - - phrenic nerve - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray806.png + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. + secretory granule organisation + biological_process + secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GO:0033363 + secretory granule organization - + - A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. - VHOG:0000728 - - - - - A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000728 - VHOG - - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0031774 - ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Nerve + + + secretory granule organisation + GOC:mah - + - diaphragmatic nerve - BTO:0001063 + secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. + protein localisation to organelle + protein localization in organelle + biological_process + GO:0033365 + protein localization to organelle + - - - nervus phrenicus - - + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. + GOC:mah - - - nervus phrenicus - BTO:0001063 + + + protein localisation to organelle + GOC:mah - - - phrenic - BTO:0001063 + + + protein localization in organelle + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule. + protein localisation in secretory granule + protein localization in secretory granule + biological_process + GO:0033366 + protein localization to secretory granule + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule. + GOC:mah + + + + + protein localisation in secretory granule + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. + down regulation of catecholamine secretion + down-regulation of catecholamine secretion + downregulation of catecholamine secretion + inhibition of catecholamine secretion + biological_process + GO:0033604 + negative regulation of catecholamine secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. + up regulation of catecholamine secretion + up-regulation of catecholamine secretion + upregulation of catecholamine secretion + activation of catecholamine secretion + stimulation of catecholamine secretion + biological_process + GO:0033605 + positive regulation of catecholamine secretion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + down regulation of kinase activity + down-regulation of kinase activity + downregulation of kinase activity + inhibition of kinase activity + kinase inhibitor + biological_process + GO:0033673 + + negative regulation of kinase activity + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. - developmental relationships need revised - - - - Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] - The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - mesencephalic - part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships - MB - - - - AAO:0010149 - BAMS:MES - BIRNLEX:1667 - BM:MB - BTO:0000138 - CALOHA:TS-0630 - DHBA:10648 - DMBA:16649 - EFO:0000919 - EHDAA2:0001162 - EHDAA:3694 - EMAPA:16974 - EV:0100242 - FMA:61993 - HBA:9001 - MA:0000207 - MAT:0000106 - MBA:313 - MESH:D008636 - MIAA:0000106 - NCIT:C12510 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 - TAO:0000128 - UMLS:C0025462 - VHOG:0000069 - XAO:0000014 - ZFA:0000128 - neuronames:462 - uberon - mesencephalon - UBERON:0001891 - - - - - - midbrain - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + up regulation of kinase activity + up-regulation of kinase activity + upregulation of kinase activity + kinase activator + stimulation of kinase activity + biological_process + GO:0033674 + + positive regulation of kinase activity + + + + - + - - - - - - - definitional + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + GO:0033753 + biological_process + establishment of ribosome localisation + establishment of ribosome localization + ribosome localisation + GO:0033750 + ribosome localization + - + - The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. - GO:0030901 - - - - - - ZFA - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 - ABA - pending - - - - - - ZFA - ABA - pending - - - - - Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010149 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000128 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000069 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) - - - - - part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships - ABA - - - - - MB - BIRNLEX:1667 - NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource - - - - - - UMLS:C0025462 - BIRNLEX:1667 + A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. + response to glucagon stimulus + biological_process + GO:0033762 + response to glucagon + - - - UMLS:C0025462 - ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. + GOC:sl - - - neuronames:462 - BIRNLEX:1667 + + + response to glucagon stimulus + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0033993 + response to lipid + - - - mesencephalon - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. - A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] - In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29 - DHBA divides this into A(1-3),B(4),C(5-7) and D(8) - hindbrain segment - segment of hindbrain - - DHBA:12664 - EFO:0003617 - EMAPA:16148 - FMA:295666 - MAT:0000272 - MIAA:0000272 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 - TAO:0001064 - VHOG:0000672 - XAO:0004079 - ZFA:0001064 - hindbrain neuromere - hindbrain neuromeres - rhombomere - uberon - future rhombencephalon - rhombomeres - UBERON:0001892 - - - - - rhombomere + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus. + mah + 2011-02-14T02:26:36Z + GO:0000042 + GO:0072600 + protein localisation in Golgi apparatus + protein localization in Golgi apparatus + establishment of protein localisation to Golgi + establishment of protein localization in Golgi + establishment of protein localization to Golgi + establishment of protein localization to Golgi apparatus + biological_process + protein targeting to Golgi + protein-Golgi targeting + GO:0034067 + protein localization to Golgi apparatus - + - A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. - - ZFIN:curator + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus. + GOC:mah - - - A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001064 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + protein localisation in Golgi apparatus + GOC:mah - - - Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000672 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1006/dbio.2002.0831 Mazet F, Shimeld SM, The Evolution of Chordate Neural Segmentation. Developmental Biology (2002) + + + establishment of protein localisation to Golgi + GOC:mah - - - hindbrain segment - ZFA:0001064 + + + establishment of protein localization to Golgi apparatus + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. + RBC homeostasis + red blood cell homeostasis + biological_process + GO:0034101 + erythrocyte homeostasis + - - - segment of hindbrain - ZFA:0001064 + + + Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. + GOC:add + PMID:10694114 + PMID:14754397 - + - hindbrain neuromeres - DHBA:HNM - - - - - - future rhombencephalon - MIAA:0000272 + RBC homeostasis + CL:0000232 - - - rhombomeres - VHOG:0000672 - + + + red blood cell homeostasis + CL:0000232 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane. + carbohydrate membrane transport + transmembrane carbohydrate transport + biological_process + GO:0034219 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + carbohydrate transmembrane transport + + + + + The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane. + GOC:mah + + + + + transmembrane carbohydrate transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. - - Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[BIRNLEX:965]. - The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] - The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - - epencephalon - - - - BAMS:Met - BIRNLEX:965 - BTO:0000673 - CALOHA:TS-2029 - DHBA:10655 - EHDAA2:0001149 - EHDAA:5498 - EMAPA:17071 - FMA:62003 - GAID:594 - HBA:4833 - MA:0000197 - MESH:D020540 - NCIT:C32741 - UMLS:C0376353 - UMLS:C1516904 - VHOG:0000741 - neuronames:543 - epencephalon-2 - uberon - UBERON:0001895 - - - the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. - metencephalon - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GO:0099131 + ion transmembrane transport + ion membrane transport + transmembrane ion transport + ATP hydrolysis coupled ion transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034220 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + monoatomic ion transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. - - - - - - - Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[BIRNLEX:965]. - BIRNLEX:965 - - - - - The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000741 - VHOG - - - - - - - The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000741 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 - - - - - epencephalon - ncithesaurus:Epencephalon - - - - - - UMLS:C0376353 - BIRNLEX:965 - - - - - UMLS:C1516904 - ncithesaurus:Epencephalon + A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GOC:mah - - - neuronames:543 - BIRNLEX:965 - - - + - epencephalon-2 - FMA:62003 + transmembrane ion transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + biological_process + GO:0034242 + negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + regulation of amide metabolism + regulation of cellular amide metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0034248 + regulation of amide metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + negative regulation of amide metabolism + negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0034249 + negative regulation of amide metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + positive regulation of amide metabolism + positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0034250 + positive regulation of amide metabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. - - Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] - The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] - Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - bulb - medulla - - - - - AAO:0010486 - BAMS:MY - BAMS:Md - BIRNLEX:957 - BM:Me - BTO:0000041 - CALOHA:TS-0607 - DMBA:17352 - EFO:0000924 - EHDAA2:0001088 - EHDAA:7588 - EMAPA:17550 - EV:0100275 - FMA:62004 - GAID:590 - MA:0000206 - MAT:0000111 - MAT:0000367 - MBA:354 - MESH:D008526 - MIAA:0000111 - NCIT:C12442 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000545 - UMLS:C0025148 - UMLS:C1269575 - VHOG:0000181 - XAO:0003100 - ZFA:0000545 - neuronames:698 - bulbus - uberon - medulla oblonzata - metepencephalon - UBERON:0001896 - - - - - - medulla oblongata - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + regulation of amide breakdown + regulation of amide catabolism + regulation of amide degradation + regulation of cellular amide catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0034251 + regulation of amide catabolic process - + - Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. - - FMA:62004 - GO:0021550 - - - - - Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010486 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000181 - VHOG - - - - - - Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000181 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.017 Marin F, Aroca P, Puelles L, Hox gene colinear expression in the avian medulla oblongata is correlated with pseudorhombomeric domains. Developmental Biology (2008) - - - - - medulla - ABA:MY - - - - - UMLS:C0025148 - BIRNLEX:957 - - - - - UMLS:C0025148 - ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata - - - - - UMLS:C1269575 - BIRNLEX:957 - - - - - neuronames:698 - BIRNLEX:957 - - - - - bulbus - FMA:62004 - FMA:TA - - - - - - medulla oblonzata - - - - - - - metepencephalon - FMA:62004 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + negative regulation of amide breakdown + negative regulation of amide catabolism + negative regulation of cellular amide catabolic process + biological_process + negative regulation of amide degradation + GO:0034252 + negative regulation of amide catabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + positive regulation of amide breakdown + positive regulation of amide catabolism + positive regulation of cellular amide catabolic process + biological_process + positive regulation of amide degradation + GO:0034253 + positive regulation of amide catabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. - - UBERON:0003227 - - BTO:0001389 - CALOHA:TS-1061 - EHDAA2:0002069 - EHDAA:5007 - EMAPA:16855 - EMAPA:18409 - FMA:62015 - MA:0001862 - NCIT:C33797 - UMLS:C1179002 - VHOG:0001045 - epithelial tissue of trachea - epithelial tissue of windpipe - epithelium of windpipe - trachea epithelial tissue - trachea epithelium - tracheal epithelium - windpipe epithelial tissue - windpipe epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001901 - - - epithelium of trachea + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus. + response to monosaccharide stimulus + biological_process + GO:0034284 + response to monosaccharide - + - The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. - ISBN:0-397-51047-0 - MGI:cwg - MP:0002285 - - - - - UMLS:C1179002 - ncithesaurus:Tracheal_Epithelium - - - - - epithelial tissue of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus. + GOC:mah - + - windpipe epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe epithelium - OBOL:automatic + response to monosaccharide stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + + A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction. + biological_process + GO:0034329 + cell junction assembly + + + + + A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO] - - BTO:0001258 - CALOHA:TS-2104 - EMAPA:35778 - FMA:62017 - MA:0001553 - TAO:0005127 - ZFA:0005127 - epithelial tissue of small bowel - epithelial tissue of small intestine - epithelium of small bowel - mid intestine epithelium - small bowel epithelial tissue - small bowel epithelium - small intestinal epithelium - small intestine epithelial tissue - small intestine epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001902 - - epithelium of small intestine + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. + cell junction assembly and maintenance + cell junction organisation + biological_process + cell junction biogenesis + GO:0034330 + + + cell junction organization - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005127 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - epithelial tissue of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mid intestine epithelium - ZFA:0005127 - - - - - small bowel epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel epithelium - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - small intestine epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + cell junction organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0004954 - CALOHA:TS-0112 - EMAPA:36292 - FMA:62114 - MA:0000711 - NCIT:C49215 - UMLS:C0006904 - blood capillary endothelium - capillary endothelium - capillary vessel endothelium - endothelium of blood capillary - endothelium of capillary vessel - uberon - UBERON:0001915 - endothelium of capillary + Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. + apoptosis of glia + apoptosis of glial cells + glia apoptosis + glia programmed cell death by apoptosis + glial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + programmed cell death of glia by apoptosis + programmed cell death of glial cells by apoptosis + programmed cell death, glia + programmed cell death, glial cells + glial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034349 + glial cell apoptotic process - + - An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0006904 - ncithesaurus:Capillary_Endothelium - - - - - blood capillary endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary vessel endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of blood capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of capillary vessel - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. + CL:0000125 + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:sart - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36286 - FMA:62115 - MA:0000705 - NCIT:C49192 - UMLS:C1179024 - arteriole endothelium - uberon - UBERON:0001916 - endothelium of arteriole + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + biological_process + regulation of glial cell apoptosis + GO:0034350 + regulation of glial cell apoptotic process - + - An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1179024 - ncithesaurus:Arteriole_Endothelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0011013 - BTO:0004757 - EMAPA:35148 - FMA:62116 - MA:0000707 - NCIT:C49194 - UMLS:C1179025 - VHOG:0001215 - XAO:0000357 - arterial endothelium - artery endothelium - uberon - UBERON:0001917 - endothelium of artery + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + down regulation of glial cell apoptosis + down-regulation of glial cell apoptosis + downregulation of glial cell apoptosis + inhibition of glial cell apoptosis + negative regulation of glial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034351 + negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process - + - An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011013 - AAO - XAO:curator - - - - - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001215 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 - - - - - UMLS:C1179025 - ncithesaurus:Artery_Endothelium + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36290 - FMA:62117 - MA:0000716 - NCIT:C49319 - UMLS:C1179026 - venule endothelium - uberon - UBERON:0001918 - endothelium of venule + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + up regulation of glial cell apoptosis + up-regulation of glial cell apoptosis + upregulation of glial cell apoptosis + activation of glial cell apoptosis + positive regulation of glial cell apoptosis + stimulation of glial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034352 + positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process - + - An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1179026 - ncithesaurus:Venule_Endothelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0011110 - BTO:0004756 - EMAPA:36288 - FMA:62118 - MA:0000712 - NCIT:C49317 - UMLS:C1179027 - VHOG:0001216 - XAO:0000358 - vein endothelium - venous endothelium - uberon - veinous endothelium - UBERON:0001919 - endothelium of vein + Any apoptotic process in a smooth muscle cell. Smooth muscle consists of non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. + SMC apoptosis + apoptosis of smooth muscle cells + programmed cell death of smooth muscle cells by apoptosis + programmed cell death, smooth muscle cells + smooth muscle cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034390 + smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - + - An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001216 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 - - - - - UMLS:C1179027 - ncithesaurus:Vein_Endothelium - - - - - veinous endothelium - VHOG:0001216 + Any apoptotic process in a smooth muscle cell. Smooth muscle consists of non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. + CL:0000192 + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + regulation of SMC apoptosis + regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034391 + regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + down regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + down-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + downregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + negative regulation of SMC apoptosis + inhibition of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034392 + negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. - - Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] - MTg - tegmentum - - - - BAMS:MTg - BIRNLEX:1200 - BTO:0003388 - DHBA:12195 - EFO:0000921 - EHDAA2:0004475 - EMAPA:18215 - FMA:62393 - HBA:9002 - MA:0000212 - MAT:0000452 - TAO:0000160 - UMLS:C0039441 - VHOG:0001367 - XAO:0004271 - ZFA:0000160 - neuronames:491 - tegmentum mesencephali - tegmentum of midbrain - uberon - mesencephalic tegmentum - tegmentum mesencephalicum - UBERON:0001943 - - - - - - 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum - midbrain tegmentum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + positive regulation of SMC apoptosis + up regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + up-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + upregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + activation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + stimulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0034393 + positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. - - FMA:FMA - ISBN:0471888893 - - - - - Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001367 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.001 Villar-Cheda B, Abalo XM, Anadon R, Rodicio MC, The tegmental proliferation region in the sea lamprey. Brain Research Bulletin (2005) - - - - - MTg - BIRNLEX:1200 - NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource - - - - - - tegmentum - ISBN:0471888893 - - - - - UMLS:C0039441 - BIRNLEX:1200 - - - - - neuronames:491 - BIRNLEX:1200 - - - - - tegmentum mesencephali - - - - - - - mesencephalic tegmentum - VHOG:0001367 - - - - - tegmentum mesencephalicum - NeuroNames:491 - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. - - - BIRNLEX:1496 - NCIT:C33969 - UMLS:C1268166 - uberon - spinal cord part - UBERON:0001948 - - regional part of spinal cord + The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0034436 + glycoprotein transport - + - A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1268166 - ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Part + The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:rl - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + + The process in which a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other. + vacuolar membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034486 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + vacuolar transmembrane transport + + + + + The process in which a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. - - - EMAPA:35192 - FMA:62649 - MA:0001835 - NCIT:C49209 - UMLS:C0225604 - bronchi cartilage - bronchial cartilage - bronchial cartilage ring - bronchial trunk cartilage - bronchus cartilage - cartilage of bronchi - cartilage of bronchial trunk - cartilagines bronchiales - uberon - UBERON:0001956 - - cartilage of bronchus - - - - - + - - + + - - MP - + + The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other. + vacuolar amino acid membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034487 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport + - + - The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. - MP:0010988 - - - - - UMLS:C0225604 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Cartilage - - - - - bronchi cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial cartilage ring - MP:0010988 - - - - - bronchial trunk cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilagines bronchiales - + The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - - BTO:0002108 - EMAPA:37449 - FMA:62653 - MA:0001837 - NCIT:C49214 - UMLS:C0225601 - bronchi submucosa - bronchial submucosa - bronchial trunk submucosa - bronchus submucosa - submucosa of bronchi - submucosa of bronchial trunk - tela submucosa bronchi - uberon - submucous layer of bronchi - UBERON:0001957 - submucosa of bronchus + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome. + protein localisation to chromosome + condensin localization to chromosome + biological_process + GO:0034502 + protein localization to chromosome - + - A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37449 - MA:th + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0225601 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Submucosa - - - - - bronchi submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - + - submucosa of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa bronchi - FMA:62653 - FMA:TA - - - - - - submucous layer of bronchi - BTO:0002108 + protein localisation to chromosome + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - An epithelium that lines a terminal bronchiole. - - A pseudostratified epithelium, containing basal cells, stem cells of the airway, submucosal glands and cartilage rings, is limited to the trachea and large lobar airways in the mouse (Morrisey and Hogan, 2010). This more complex epithelium extends to terminal bronchioles in the human[DOI:10.1242/dev.115469] - - EMAPA:36283 - FMA:62794 - MA:0001774 - NCIT:C33755 - UMLS:C1179400 - bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue - bronchiolus terminalis epithelium - epithelial tissue of bronchiolus terminalis - epithelial tissue of terminal bronchiole - epithelium of bronchiolus terminalis - epithelium of terminal bronchiole - terminal bronchiole epithelial tissue - terminal bronchiole epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0001958 - - terminal bronchiole epithelium + A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. + 2012-11-07T15:45:54Z + GO:0044744 + protein localisation to nucleus + protein localization in cell nucleus + protein localization in nucleus + biological_process + protein targeting to nucleus + GO:0034504 + protein localization to nucleus - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - An epithelium that lines a terminal bronchiole. - - - - - - UMLS:C1179400 - ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole_Epithelium - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of terminal bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. + GOC:ecd - + - epithelium of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:mah - + - epithelium of terminal bronchiole - FMA:62794 + protein localization in nucleus + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. + cellular nitrogen compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:0034641 + + cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process + - - - terminal bronchiole epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0034654 + nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. - plasma - portion of plasma - - - BTO:0000131 - CALOHA:TS-0800 - EFO:0001905 - EMAPA:35690 - FMA:62970 - GAID:1178 - MA:0002501 - MAT:0000052 - MESH:D010949 - MIAA:0000052 - NCIT:C13356 - OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw - UMLS:C0032105 - blood plasm - portion of blood plasma - uberon - UBERON:0001969 - - - - blood plasma + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation + biological_process + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process + GO:0034655 + + nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process - + - The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. - - - - - - plasma - MA:0002501 - - - - - portion of plasma - FMA:62970 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0032105 - ncithesaurus:Plasma + + + nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + regulation of membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034762 + regulation of transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + down regulation of transmembrane transport + down-regulation of transmembrane transport + downregulation of transmembrane transport + negative regulation of membrane transport + inhibition of transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034763 + negative regulation of transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + positive regulation of membrane transport + up regulation of transmembrane transport + up-regulation of transmembrane transport + upregulation of transmembrane transport + activation of transmembrane transport + stimulation of transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0034764 + positive regulation of transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + regulation of ion transmembrane transport + regulation of ion membrane transport + regulation of transmembrane ion transport + biological_process + GO:0034765 + regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of transmembrane ion transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. - In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. - aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine - bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption - elimination of cholesterol - major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances - many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates - protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine - - - BTO:0000121 - CALOHA:TS-1172 - ENVO:02000023 - FMA:62971 - GAID:1157 - MA:0002513 - MESH:D001646 - NCIT:C13192 - UMLS:C0005388 - ZFA:0005857 - galen:Bile - uberon - fel - gall - UBERON:0001970 - - - bile + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport + down regulation of transmembrane ion transport + down-regulation of transmembrane ion transport + downregulation of transmembrane ion transport + negative regulation of ion membrane transport + negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport + inhibition of transmembrane ion transport + biological_process + GO:0034766 + negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - 0.3% in humans - - - + - Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0005388 - ncithesaurus:Bile + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah - - - fel - BTO:0000121 + + + negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport + positive regulation of ion membrane transport + positive regulation of transmembrane ion transport + up regulation of transmembrane ion transport + up-regulation of transmembrane ion transport + upregulation of transmembrane ion transport + activation of transmembrane ion transport + stimulation of transmembrane ion transport + biological_process + GO:0034767 + positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport + - - - gall - BTO:0000121 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - - - BTO:0000501 - FMA:62972 - GAID:1160 - MA:0002519 - MESH:D005750 - NCIT:C32661 - UMLS:C0017133 - galen:GastricJuice - stomach secretion - uberon - succus gastricus - UBERON:0001971 - - - gastric juice + The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion. + dph + 2009-08-13T11:27:24Z + GO:0060881 + biological_process + basal lamina disassembly + GO:0034769 + Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane disassembly ; GO:0030397' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. + basement membrane disassembly - - - UMLS:C0017133 - ncithesaurus:Gastric_Secretion - - - - - succus gastricus - BTO:0000501 + + + The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion. + GOC:sart + PMID:17301221 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - + - A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0002109 - EMAPA:35325 - FMA:62997 - MA:0002724 - esophageal submucosa - esophagus submucosa - gullet submucosa - oesophagus submucosa - submucosa of esophagus - submucosa of gullet - submucosa of oesophagus - tela submucosa (oesophagus) - tela submucosa esophagi - tela submucosa oesophageae - tela submucosa of esophagus - uberon - submucous layer of esophagus - tela submucosa oesophagi - UBERON:0001972 - submucosa of esophagus + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. + biological_process + GO:0035050 + embryonic heart tube development - + - A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa (oesophagus) - FMA:62997 - FMA:TA - - - - - - tela submucosa esophagi - BTO:0002109 - - - - - - tela submucosa oesophageae - FMA:62997 - FMA:TA - - - - - - submucous layer of esophagus - BTO:0002109 - - - - - tela submucosa oesophagi - BTO:0002109 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:26987 - FMA:63050 - MA:0001568 - NCIT:C49223 - UMLS:C1707949 - esophagus lamina propria - esophagus lamina propria mucosa - esophagus lamina propria mucosae - gullet lamina propria - gullet lamina propria mucosa - gullet lamina propria mucosae - lamina propria mucosa of esophagus - lamina propria mucosa of gullet - lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus - lamina propria mucosae of esophagus - lamina propria mucosae of gullet - lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus - lamina propria of gullet - lamina propria of oesophagus - oesophagus lamina propria mucosa - oesophagus lamina propria mucosae - uberon - esophageal lamina propria - oesophagus lamina propria - UBERON:0001974 - lamina propria of esophagus + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. + cardiac cell differentiation + heart cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0035051 + cardiocyte differentiation - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1707949 - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Lamina_Propria - - - - - esophagus lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet lamina propria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosae of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophageal lamina propria - EMAPA:26987 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - - + + - A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35322 - FMA:63057 - MA:0001571 - esophagus serosa - esophagus serous membrane - gullet serosa - gullet serous membrane - oesophagus serous membrane - serosa of abdominal part of esophagus - serosa of gullet - serosa of oesophagus - serous coat of oesophagus - serous membrane of esophagus - serous membrane of gullet - serous membrane of oesophagus - tunica serosa oesophageae - uberon - oesophagus serosa - UBERON:0001975 - serosa of esophagus + The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. + GO:0035083 + GO:0035084 + ciliary axoneme assembly + cilium axoneme assembly + flagellar axoneme assembly + flagellum axoneme assembly + biological_process + axoneme biogenesis + cilium axoneme biogenesis + GO:0035082 + Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. + axoneme assembly - + - A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of gullet - OBOL:automatic + The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. + GOC:bf + GOC:cilia + GOC:jl + ISBN:0815316194 - - - serous membrane of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + + + axoneme biogenesis + GOC:mah - - - tunica serosa oesophageae - FMA:63057 - FMA:TA - + + + cilium axoneme biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - + - - + + - The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. - TODO check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar - Simple columnar epithelium that lines the esophagus. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] - - BTO:0001578 - CALOHA:TS-0698 - EFO:0003041 - EHDAA2:0001287 - EMAPA:16835 - FMA:63063 - MA:0001565 - NCIT:C49221 - TAO:0001499 - UMLS:C1179544 - ZFA:0001499 - epithelial tissue of esophagus - epithelial tissue of gullet - epithelial tissue of oesophagus - epithelium of gullet - epithelium of oesophagus - esophageal epithelium - esophagus epithelial tissue - esophagus epithelium - gullet epithelial tissue - gullet epithelium - oesophagus epithelial tissue - uberon - oesophagus epithelium - UBERON:0001976 - - - - - epithelium of esophagus + The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. + biological_process + GO:0035107 + appendage morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000468 - - - - - Simple columnar epithelium that lines the esophagus. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001499 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C1179544 - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Epithelium - - - - - epithelial tissue of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. + ISBN:0582227089 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - - - EMAPA:32925 - FMA:63120 - MA:0000724 - VHOG:0001430 - pancreas parenchyma - pancreatic parenchyma - uberon - UBERON:0001978 - - parenchyma of pancreas + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal. + biological_process + genital morphogenesis + GO:0035112 + genitalia morphogenesis + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal. + GOC:bf + - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. - - Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] - - - - BTO:0002626 - EMAPA:35917 - FMA:63130 - MA:0000071 - MESH:D014699 - NCIT:C12818 - TAO:0005315 - UMLS:C0042520 - VHOG:0001765 - ZFA:0005315 - uberon - venula - UBERON:0001979 - - - - - venule - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg + Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. + tube lumen formation + biological_process + lumen formation in an anatomical structure + GO:0035148 + tube formation - + - One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. - MESH:A07.231.432.952 - MP:0004125 - - - - - Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005315 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. + GOC:bf - - - UMLS:C0042520 - ncithesaurus:Venule + + + tube lumen formation + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - + - venula - - + lumen formation in an anatomical structure + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - + + + The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex. + biological_process + GO:0035190 + syncytial nuclear migration + + + + + The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex. + GOC:bf + ISBN:0879694238 + PMID:8314839 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. - Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] - Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] - - - - AAO:0010253 - BTO:0001997 - EMAPA:35146 - FMA:63182 - MA:0000063 - MESH:D001160 - NCIT:C12672 - TAO:0002138 - UMLS:C0003847 - VHOG:0001763 - ZFA:0005255 - uberon - arteriola - UBERON:0001980 - - - - arteriole - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg + Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. + programmed cell death of ectopic germ cells + programmed cell death, ectopic germ cells + biological_process + GO:0035234 + ectopic germ cell programmed cell death - - - - MA - - - + - The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. - GO:0014830 - - - - - Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002138 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010253 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - UMLS:C0003847 - ncithesaurus:Arteriole - - - - - arteriola - - + Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. + PMID:12814944 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + biological_process + GO:0035239 + tube morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + GOC:bf + PMID:14624839 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. + biological_process + GO:0035260 + internal genitalia morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. + http://www.ndif.org/Terms/genitalia.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. + biological_process + GO:0035261 + external genitalia morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. + http://www.ndif.org/Terms/genitalia.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. - consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus - Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] - Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. - FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX - vascular element - - - - AAO:0011004 - AEO:0000207 - BTO:0001102 - CALOHA:TS-0080 - EFO:0000817 - EHDAA2:0003252 - EHDAA:240 - EMAPA:32743 - EMAPA:35993 - FMA:50722 - FMA:63183 - GAID:169 - MA:0000060 - MAT:0000393 - MESH:D001808 - NCIT:C12679 - NLXANAT:090901 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002137 - UMLS:C0005847 - VHOG:0001250 - XAO:0001011 - ZFA:0005314 - region of vascular tree organ - vascular tree organ region - uberon - vas sanguineum - UBERON:0001981 - - - - - blood vessel - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals. + biological_process + GO:0035262 + gonad morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - AEO + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals. + ISBN:0198612001 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. + biological_process + body growth + GO:0035264 + multicellular organism growth + - - - + + + The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. + GOC:bf + GOC:curators + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - GO:0072360 - + + The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. + biological_process + GO:0035265 + organ growth + - + - A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. - - BTO:0001102 - - - - - Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001250 - VHOG - - - - - - Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011004 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001250 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) - - - - - FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX - FMA - - - - - vascular element - EMAPA:35993 - - - - - UMLS:C0005847 - ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel - - - - - region of vascular tree organ - FMA:50722 - - - - - vascular tree organ region - FMA:50722 - - - - - vas sanguineum - - + The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. + GOC:bf + ISBN:0471245208 + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - + - - + + + Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes. + biological_process + GO:0035270 + endocrine system development + + + + + Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes. + GOC:bf + Wikipedia:Development_of_the_endocrine_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. - not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element - - Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs - - - AAO:0010252 - BTO:0002045 - CALOHA:TS-2006 - EFO:0001906 - EMAPA:35198 - EV:0100035 - FMA:63194 - MA:0000065 - MESH:D002196 - NCIT:C12685 - NLXANAT:090902 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005250 - UMLS:C0935624 - VHOG:0001253 - XAO:0000116 - ZFA:0005250 - blood capillary - capillary vessel - uberon - UBERON:0001982 - - - - - - capillary - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/A_red_blood_cell_in_a_capillary,_pancreatic_tissue_-_TEM.jpg + Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system. + biological_process + GO:0035272 + exocrine system development - + - Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010252 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001253 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system. + GOC:bf + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + + + + + + + + The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. + Wikipedia:Segmentation_(biology) + biological_process + GO:0035282 + segmentation + - - - UMLS:C0935624 - ncithesaurus:Capillary + + + The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. + PMID:10611687 + PMID:9706689 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. + biological_process + GO:0035295 + tube development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. + PMID:12526790 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. - - - - - CALOHA:TS-0172 - EMAPA:35935 - FMA:63882 - GAID:891 - MA:0001242 - MESH:D004728 - NCIT:C12707 - TAO:0002186 - UMLS:C0014259 - ZFA:0001687 - cornea endothelium - endothelium of cornea - uberon - epithelium posterius corneae - UBERON:0001985 - - - - - corneal endothelium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule. + bf + 2010-03-11T11:00:56Z + protein localisation to microtubule + biological_process + GO:0035372 + protein localization to microtubule - - - - - - - - - WP - - - + - A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0014259 - ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule. + GOC:bf + GOC:lb - + - cornea endothelium - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. + bf + 2010-03-29T10:58:53Z + protein localisation to synapse + biological_process + GO:0035418 + protein localization to synapse + - - - endothelium of cornea - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. + GOC:bf - - - epithelium posterius corneae - - + + + protein localisation to synapse + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + The process in which acetate is transported across a membrane. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid. + bf + 2010-04-08T10:59:01Z + acetate membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0035433 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + acetate transmembrane transport + + + + + The process in which acetate is transported across a membrane. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid. + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. - - endothelial - - - BTO:0000393 - CALOHA:TS-0278 - EFO:0002548 - FMA:63916 - GAID:520 - MESH:D004727 - NCIT:C12481 - UMLS:C0014257 - galen:Endothelium - uberon - UBERON:0001986 - - - - The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) - endothelium + The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane. + bf + 2010-04-08T11:24:06Z + phosphate ion membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0035435 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + phosphate ion transmembrane transport - - - - - FMA-text-def + + + The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane. + GOC:vw - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - UBERON:0001985 - FMA-inferred - + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes. + bf + 2010-04-09T03:53:01Z + biological_process + GO:0035441 + cell migration involved in vasculogenesis + - + - A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. - - FMA:63916 - MESH:A10.272.491 - - - - - UMLS:C0014257 - ncithesaurus:Endothelium + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. - Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] - fecal - excreta - - - BTO:0000440 - CALOHA:TS-2345 - ENVO:00002003 - FMA:64183 - GAID:1199 - MA:0002509 - MAT:0000053 - MESH:D005243 - MIAA:0000053 - NCIT:C13234 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0015733 - galen:Feces - faeces - fecal material - fecal matter - piece of shit - portion of excrement - portion of faeces - portion of fecal material - portion of fecal matter - portion of feces - portionem cacas - stool - cow dung - cow pat - dung - fewmet - frass - guano - portion of dung - portion of guano - portion of scat - scat - spraint - uberon - droppings - excrement - ordure - spoor - UBERON:0001988 - - - feces + The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. + bf + 2010-05-14T01:14:37Z + GO:0007242 + GO:0007243 + GO:0023013 + GO:0023034 + intracellular signaling chain + intracellular protein kinase cascade + intracellular signal transduction pathway + protein kinase cascade + signal transmission via intracellular cascade + biological_process + intracellular signaling cascade + intracellular signaling pathway + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GO:0035556 + + intracellular signal transduction - + - Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. - - - - - - - Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] - FMA:64183 - - - - - UMLS:C0015733 - ncithesaurus:Feces + The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. + GOC:bf + GOC:jl + GOC:signaling + ISBN:3527303782 - + - piece of shit - + intracellular signaling chain + ISBN:3527303782 - - - portionem cacas - + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade + GOC:signaling - + - cow dung - + protein kinase cascade + GOC:signaling - - - cow pat - + + + intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:signaling + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. + bf + 2010-11-09T10:25:08Z + establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region + establishment of protein localization in extracellular region + biological_process + GO:0035592 + establishment of protein localization to extracellular region + - - - fewmet - + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. + GOC:BHF + GOC:bf - - - frass - + + + establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver). + bf + 2010-12-08T04:10:50Z + IHBD development + intrahepatic biliary duct development + biological_process + GO:0035622 + intrahepatic bile duct development + - - - guano - + + + The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver). + GOC:bf + PMID:20614624 - - - spraint - + + + IHBD development + PMID:20614624 - - - excrement - BTO:0000440 + + + intrahepatic biliary duct development + PMID:20614624 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. - Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA:64783]. - Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO] - - - - EMAPA:35414 - FMA:64783 - MA:0000109 - NCIT:C32746 - UMLS:C0225362 - VSAO:0000094 - XAO:0004029 - hyaline cartilage - uberon - chondroid cartilage - UBERON:0001994 - - - hyaline cartilage tissue - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Gray292.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg + + + + + The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. + bf + 2010-12-10T01:24:28Z + biological_process + GO:0035628 + cystic duct development - - - - FMA + + + The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. + PMID:20614624 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - VSAO-text-def - + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine. + bf + 2011-01-21T02:58:58Z + intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0035645 + enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation + - + - Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000094 - - - - - Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA:64783]. - FMA:64783 - - - - - Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000094 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - UMLS:C0225362 - ncithesaurus:Hyaline_Cartilage + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine. + CL:0002504 + GOC:BHF - + - hyaline cartilage - MA:0000109 + intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation + CL:0002504 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + bf + 2011-03-10T02:52:36Z + sodium ion membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0035725 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + sodium ion transmembrane transport + - - - chondroid cartilage - + + + A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - - - - + - - - + - + + The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. + bf + 2011-03-17T10:55:42Z + intraflagellar transport + Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 + biological_process + intraciliary transport involved in cilium morphogenesis + intraflagellar transport involved in cilium morphogenesis + GO:0035735 + intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly + + + + + The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. + GOC:bf + GOC:cilia + Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. + bf + 2011-03-17T10:57:03Z + biological_process + GO:0035736 + cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. + GOC:bf + GOC:sart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells). + bf + 2011-04-04T11:10:38Z + angioblastic mesenchymal cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0035779 + angioblast cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells). + CL:0000566 + GOC:yaf + + + + + angioblastic mesenchymal cell differentiation + CL:0000566 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. - - Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] - One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] - On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] - In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung[WP] - - - - AAO:0010221 - BTO:0000778 - CALOHA:TS-0839 - EFO:0001399 - EHDAA2:0001575 - EHDAA:4351 - EMAPA:17008 - FMA:66326 - GAID:505 - MA:0002031 - MESH:D011651 - NCIT:C12774 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0034052 - VHOG:0000982 - XAO:0004162 - galen:PulmonaryArtery - pulmonary arterial tree - pulmonary arterial tree organ part - uberon - arteria pulmonalis - pulmonary arterial subtree - truncus pulmonalis - UBERON:0002012 - - - - - pulmonary artery - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development. + bf + 2011-04-19T02:07:23Z + vitelline membrane + zona pellucida + cellular_component + GO:0035805 + egg coat - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development. + PMID:16944418 + PMID:17163408 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - XAO + + + vitelline membrane + PMID:16944418 + PMID:17163408 - - - + + + zona pellucida + PMID:16944418 + PMID:17163408 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. + bf + 2011-05-04T03:17:44Z + indole alkaloid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0035834 + indole alkaloid metabolic process + - + - An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. - - - - - - - Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010221 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000982 - VHOG - - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. + GOC:yaf - - - On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000982 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + + + indole alkaloid metabolism + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. + bf + 2011-05-04T03:18:31Z + indole alkaloid anabolism + indole alkaloid biosynthesis + indole alkaloid formation + indole alkaloid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0035835 + indole alkaloid biosynthetic process + - - - UMLS:C0034052 - ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Artery + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. + GOC:yaf - + - pulmonary arterial tree - FMA:66326 + indole alkaloid anabolism + GOC:bf - + - pulmonary arterial tree organ part - FMA:66326 + indole alkaloid biosynthesis + GOC:bf - - - arteria pulmonalis - - - - - - - pulmonary arterial subtree - FMA:66326 + + + indole alkaloid formation + GOC:bf - - - truncus pulmonalis - - + + + indole alkaloid synthesis + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates. + bf + 2011-05-06T01:54:35Z + cloacal development + biological_process + GO:0035844 + cloaca development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates. + GOC:dgh + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + cloacal development + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. - - Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] - One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart - On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] - - - - - AAO:0010521 - BTO:0001799 - CALOHA:TS-0840 - EHDAA2:0001579 - EHDAA:2629 - EMAPA:18645 - FMA:66643 - GAID:543 - MA:0002206 - MESH:D011667 - NCIT:C12776 - UMLS:C0034090 - VHOG:0001133 - XAO:0000394 - galen:PulmonaryVein - pulmonary venous tree organ part - uberon - venae pulmonales - UBERON:0002016 - - - - pulmonary vein - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. + bf + 2011-05-13T01:28:06Z + megakaryocyte cell development + biological_process + GO:0035855 + megakaryocyte development - + - Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. - GO:0060577 - - - - - Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010521 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001133 - VHOG - - - - - - - the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart - MP:0002726,MGI:cwg - - - - - On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001133 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 - - - - - UMLS:C0034090 - ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. + CL:0000556 + GOC:BHF + GOC:vk - - - venae pulmonales - - + + + megakaryocyte cell development + GOC:bf - + - - + + - + - A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. - - - - BTO:0001792 - CALOHA:TS-0814 - EHDAA2:0001485 - EHDAA:6510 - EMAPA:17349 - FMA:66645 - GAID:540 - MA:0002198 - MESH:D011169 - NCIT:C33343 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0032718 - VHOG:0000656 - XAO:0000392 - galen:PortalVein - portal venous tree organ part - uberon - UBERON:0002017 - - - - portal vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm. + bf + 2011-05-25T03:09:58Z + cilial transition zone + cilium transition zone + cellular_component + connecting cilium + GO:0035869 + Depending on the species, this region may have a distinct geometrically shaped electron-dense structure within the axonemal lumen visible in electron microscopy images; most animals don't display this inner structure. The axoneme extends through the ciliary transition zone, but only consists of the outer doublets. The central pair, axonemal spokes, and dynein complexes are not found in this part of the ciliary shaft. Note that the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor cells is thought to be equivalent to the transition zone. + ciliary transition zone - - - - FMA - - - + - A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. - BTO:0001792 - - - - - UMLS:C0032718 - ncithesaurus:Portal_Vein + A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm. + GOC:cilia + GOC:kmv + PMID:21422230 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system. + bf + 2011-06-06T11:48:51Z + biological_process + GO:0035883 + enteroendocrine cell differentiation + - - - portal venous tree organ part - FMA:66645 + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system. + CL:0000164 + GOC:bf - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. - Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] - - - AEO:0001012 - EHDAA2:0003136 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 - EMAPA:37596 - FMA:67242 - HBA:4006 - MA:0001112 - MESH:D066128 - NCIT:C32695 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002197 - UMLS:C0018220 - VHOG:0001768 - ZFA:0001681 - neuronames:2869 - gray matter - gray matter of neuraxis - grey matter - grey matter of neuraxis - grey substance - neuronal grey matter - substantia grisea - uberon - gray mater - grisea - UBERON:0002020 - - - - gray matter - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell. + bf + 2011-06-08T11:23:52Z + VSMC differentiation + vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0035886 + vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. - - - - - - - Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002197 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - EMAPA:37596 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0018220 - ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter - - - - - gray matter of neuraxis - FMA:67242 - - - - - neuronal grey matter - AEO:0001012 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell. + GOC:sl + PMID:16151017 + PMID:18267954 - + - substantia grisea - FMA:67242 - FMA:TA - - - - - - gray mater - ZFA:0001681 - - - - - grisea - + VSMC differentiation + PMID:16151017 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta. + bf + 2011-06-08T11:34:26Z + biological_process + GO:0035887 + aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:00:07Z + biological_process + GO:0035904 + aorta development + + + + + The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0000062 + UBERON:0000947 + Wikipedia:Aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:02:01Z + biological_process + GO:0035905 + ascending aorta development + + + + + The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0002570 + UBERON:0001496 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. - - - - - Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] - The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] - Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - rhombencephalic - in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps - - - - - AAO:0010150 - BAMS:HB - BIRNLEX:942 - BTO:0000672 - CALOHA:TS-0457 - DHBA:10653 - DMBA:16808 - EFO:0000923 - EHDAA2:0000746 - EHDAA:3514 - EHDAA:6487 - EMAPA:16916 - FMA:67687 - MA:0000195 - MAT:0000107 - MBA:1065 - MESH:D012249 - MIAA:0000107 - NCIT:C40336 - TAO:0000029 - UMLS:C0035507 - UMLS:C1522180 - VHOG:0000070 - XAO:0000015 - ZFA:0000029 - neuronames:540 - uberon - rhombencephalon - UBERON:0002028 - - - - - - hindbrain - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:05:22Z + biological_process + GO:0035906 + descending aorta development - - - + + + The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0002571 + UBERON:0001514 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:07:01Z + biological_process + GO:0035907 + dorsal aorta development + - - - + + + The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + UBERON:0005805 + Wikipedia:Aorta + ZFA:0000014 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - modified-source-relation - ABA - - - - - + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:11:11Z + biological_process + GO:0035909 + aorta morphogenesis + - + - The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. - - ZFA:0000029 - ZFIN:curator - - - - - - ZFA - - ABA - pending - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - - - - - - Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010150 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000029 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000029 - TAO - - - - - Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000070 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) - - - - - in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0035507 - BIRNLEX:942 - - - - - UMLS:C0035507 - ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain - - - - - UMLS:C1522180 - BIRNLEX:942 - - - - - neuronames:540 - BIRNLEX:942 + The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0000062 + UBERON:0000947 + Wikipedia:Aorta - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - - + + - The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. - - BTO:0001449 - CALOHA:TS-1304 - EMAPA:35370 - FMA:67711 - MA:0001632 - NCIT:C49227 - UMLS:C1180206 - epithelial tissue of gall bladder - epithelial tissue of gallbladder - epithelium of gallbladder - gall bladder epithelial tissue - gall bladder epithelium - gallbladder epithelial tissue - gallbladder epithelium - uberon - biliary epithelium - UBERON:0002029 - - epithelium of gall bladder + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:14:52Z + biological_process + GO:0035910 + ascending aorta morphogenesis - + - The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. - MP:0009492 - - - - - UMLS:C1180206 - ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Epithelium - - - - - epithelial tissue of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder epithelium - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0002570 + UBERON:0001496 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - - - - - An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0001845 - CALOHA:TS-1240 - EFO:0000307 - EMAPA:32691 - FMA:67782 - MA:0001839 - NCIT:C32231 - UMLS:C0599333 - bronchi epithelial tissue - bronchi epithelium - bronchial epithelium - bronchial trunk epithelial tissue - bronchial trunk epithelium - bronchus epithelial tissue - bronchus epithelium - epithelial tissue of bronchi - epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk - epithelial tissue of bronchus - epithelium of bronchi - epithelium of bronchial trunk - uberon - UBERON:0002031 - - - epithelium of bronchus - - - - - - - - + + - - FMA - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:19:24Z + biological_process + GO:0035911 + descending aorta morphogenesis + - + - An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0599333 - ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Epithelium - - - - - bronchi epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + MA:0002571 + UBERON:0001514 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. - Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] - - - AAO:0010762 - AEO:0000140 - CALOHA:TS-2047 - EHDAA2:0003140 - EMAPA:36390 - FMA:67905 - MA:0002438 - NCIT:C12436 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C1331262 - WBbt:0005779 - galen:StriatedMuscle - striated muscle - uberon - UBERON:0002036 - - - striated muscle tissue + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + bf + 2011-06-24T11:22:14Z + biological_process + GO:0035912 + dorsal aorta morphogenesis - + - Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. - CL:0000737 - GOC:dph - GOC:mtg_muscle - - - - - Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010762 - AAO - AAO:CAM - - - - - UMLS:C1331262 - ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue + The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + UBERON:0005805 + Wikipedia:Aorta + ZFA:0000014 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. + bf + 2011-06-24T02:36:19Z + biological_process + GO:0035914 + skeletal muscle cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. + CL:0000188 + GOC:BHF + GOC:vk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. - - - - - EMAPA:18608 - FMA:68109 - GAID:477 - MA:0001923 - MESH:D001981 - NCIT:C32230 - OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg - UMLS:C0006257 - bronchial arterial tree - uberon - arteriae bronchiales - rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae - UBERON:0002040 - - - Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. - bronchial artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray1032.png + The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system. + bf + 2011-07-20T01:01:00Z + biological_process + GO:0035929 + steroid hormone secretion - + - A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. - - UBERON:cjm - - - - - UMLS:C0006257 - ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery - - - - - arteriae bronchiales - - + The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. + bf + 2011-07-20T01:11:31Z + biological_process + GO:0035935 + androgen secretion + - - - rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae - - + + + The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. + GOC:sl - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - - BAMS:PnR - BAMS:RA-PONS - BAMS:RPn - BIRNLEX:1110 - DHBA:12471 - DHBA:12475 - FMA:68875 - HBA:9159 - MA:0001022 - MBA:238 - UMLS:C0175423 - neuronames:589 - raphe of pons - raphe pontis - uberon - nucleus raphe pontis - nucleus raphes pontis - raphe (mediana pontina) - raphe pontis nucleus - UBERON:0002047 - - - pontine raphe nucleus + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. + bf + 2011-08-25T04:50:36Z + endoderm cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0035987 + endodermal cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - UMLS:C0175423 - BIRNLEX:1110 - - - - - neuronames:589 - BIRNLEX:1110 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. + CL:0000223 + GOC:yaf + PMID:17624332 - + - raphe pontis - FMA:68875 - FMA:TA - - - - - - nucleus raphe pontis - NeuroNames:589 - + endoderm cell differentiation + CL:0000223 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force. + bf + 2011-08-26T04:14:30Z + biological_process + sinew development + GO:0035989 + tendon development + - - - nucleus raphes pontis - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force. + GOC:yaf + PMID:21412429 + UBERON:0000043 - + - raphe (mediana pontina) - NeuroNames:589 - + sinew development + UBERON:0000043 - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - + + + The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts. + bf + 2011-08-30T01:35:10Z + biological_process + GO:0035992 + tendon formation + + + + + The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts. + GOC:yaf + PMID:17567668 + UBERON:0000043 + + + + + + + + + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. + bf + 2011-12-19T01:47:22Z + biological_process + GO:0036072 + direct ossification + + + + + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. + GO_REF:0000034 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + bf + 2012-01-17T04:06:27Z + biological_process + GO:0036093 + germ cell proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + CL:0000586 + GOC:kmv + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. - - - - Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - pulmonary - respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi - - - - AAO:0000275 - AAO:0010567 - BTO:0000763 - CALOHA:TS-0568 - EFO:0000934 - EHDAA2:0001042 - EHDAA:1554 - EHDAA:2205 - EMAPA:16728 - EV:0100042 - FMA:7195 - GAID:345 - MA:0000415 - MAT:0000135 - MESH:D008168 - MIAA:0000135 - NCIT:C12468 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0024109 - VHOG:0000310 - XAO:0000119 - galen:Lung - pulmo - uberon - UBERON:0002048 - - - - - - - Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] - lung - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. + bf + 2012-04-20T10:20:47Z + myocyte projection + muscle arm + myopodia + cellular_component + GO:0036194 + muscle cell projection - - - - - - - - - some species only have a single lung - - - + - Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. - - - - - - - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-5104 - - - - - - - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-5104 - - - - - - Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010567 - AAO - AAO:SBH + A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. + CL:0000187 + GOC:kmv + PMID:15930100 + PMID:22464329 - - - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000310 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W, Wang Z, Collins JE, Andrews RM, Stemple D, Gong Z, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011) + + + myocyte projection + CL:0000187 - - - UMLS:C0024109 - ncithesaurus:Lung + + + muscle arm + GOC:kmv - - - pulmo - + + + myopodia + GOC:kmv - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. - see also: vascular system. Consider merging? - - vascular - BTO:0003718 - FMA:69050 - TAO:0005249 - ZFA:0005249 - vascular network - uberon - UBERON:0002049 - - - - - vasculature - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection. + bf + 2012-04-20T10:21:51Z + cellular_component + GO:0036195 + muscle cell projection membrane - - - - FMA + + + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection. + CL:0000187 + GOC:kmv + PMID:15930100 + PMID:22464329 + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. + bf + 2012-07-20T01:05:46Z + response to lowered oxygen levels + biological_process + GO:0036293 + This term should be used when a decrease in oxygen levels is not considered a stress response. For a hypoxic stress response, consider instead 'response to hypoxia ; GO:0001666'. + response to decreased oxygen levels + - + - An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. - ZFA:0005249 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. + GOC:al - + - vascular network - FMA:69050 + response to lowered oxygen levels + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] - in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure - - - AAO:0000138 - BILA:0000034 - BTO:0000174 - CALOHA:TS-2110 - EFO:0000461 - FBbt:00004208 - FMA:69067 - GAID:407 - MESH:D004628 - NCIT:C13229 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 - TAO:0001105 - UMLS:C0013948 - VSAO:0000178 - XAO:0003042 - ZFA:0001105 - developing embryonic structure - embryonic anatomical structure - uberon - developing structure - embryonale Struktur - embryonic structures - UBERON:0002050 - - - - embryonic structure + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. + bf + 2012-09-05T10:17:07Z + biological_process + GO:0036333 + hepatocyte homeostasis - + - Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. - BTO:0000174 - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000138 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001105 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000178 - VSAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0013948 - ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Structure - - - - - developing embryonic structure - FBbt:00004208 - - - - - embryonic anatomical structure - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 - - - - - embryonale Struktur - BTO:0000174 - - - - - embryonic structures - ZFA:0001105 - + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. + CL:0000182 + GOC:nhn + PMID:19878874 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - - + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells. + bf + 2012-09-05T10:21:23Z + biological_process + GO:0036334 + epidermal stem cell homeostasis + + + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells. + CL:1000428 + GOC:nhn + PMID:17666529 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - - in FMA2 and FMA3, lobular bronchiole is an exact synonym of bronchiole; however there are two distinct terms for the corresponding epithelium. - - BTO:0001866 - CALOHA:TS-0570 - EMAPA:32693 - FMA:62497 - FMA:69077 - MA:0001772 - NCIT:C48942 - UMLS:C1181296 - bronchiolar epithelium - bronchiole epithelial tissue - bronchiole epithelium - epithelial tissue of bronchiole - epithelial tissue of lobular bronchiole - epithelium of lobular bronchiole - lobular bronchiole epithelial tissue - lobular bronchiole epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0002051 - - - epithelium of bronchiole + The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance. + bf + 2012-09-11T13:54:49Z + biological_process + GO:0036342 + post-anal tail morphogenesis - - - - BTO + + + The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance. + GOC:bf + GOC:kmv + Wikipedia:Chordate - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. + bf + 2014-07-24T10:06:19Z + cellular_component + GO:0036477 + somatodendritic compartment + - + - An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - in FMA2 and FMA3, lobular bronchiole is an exact synonym of bronchiole; however there are two distinct terms for the corresponding epithelium. - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C1181296 - ncithesaurus:Bronchiole_Epithelium - - - - - bronchiolar epithelium - BTO:0001866 - - - - - bronchiole epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole epithelium - OBOL:automatic + The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. + GOC:PARL + GOC:pad - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - An artery that supplies the diaphragm. - In humans this includes the superior and inferior phrenic arteries - - EMAPA:37108 - FMA:69330 - MA:0002019 - NCIT:C33320 - UMLS:C1181536 - uberon - UBERON:0002057 - - phrenic artery + The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane. + bf + 2015-05-21T10:05:06Z + Golgi apparatus membrane fusion + membrane fusion involved in Golgi reassembly + post-mitotic fusion of Golgi membranes + biological_process + GO:0036504 + Golgi membrane fusion - + - An artery that supplies the diaphragm. - + The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + PMID:12473691 - - - EMAPA:37108 - MA:th + + + membrane fusion involved in Golgi reassembly + GOC:bf - - - UMLS:C1181536 - ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Artery + + + post-mitotic fusion of Golgi membranes + PMID:10811609 - + - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + + The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. + GO:0048590 + biological_process + growth pattern + non-developmental growth + GO:0040007 + + + + + See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. + growth + + + + + The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. + GOC:bf + GOC:ma + + + + + non-developmental growth + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. - assume spelling error for ncit - - - - EHDAA2:0004143 - EMAPA:35887 - FMA:70301 - GAID:554 - MA:0000103 - MESH:D014338 - NCIT:C34317 - OpenCyc:Mx4rquH9YKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw - UMLS:C1519589 - uberon - UBERON:0002061 - - truncus arteriosus + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. + biological_process + GO:0040008 + regulation of growth - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. + GOC:ems + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. + + biological_process + GO:0040011 + + + locomotion + - - - - FMA + + + Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. + GOC:dgh - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - MA - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + biological_process + GO:0040012 + regulation of locomotion + - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + GOC:ems + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + down regulation of locomotion + down-regulation of locomotion + downregulation of locomotion + inhibition of locomotion + biological_process + GO:0040013 + negative regulation of locomotion + - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. + regulation of body growth + regulation of body size + biological_process + GO:0040014 + regulation of multicellular organism growth + - + - The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:tb - - - assume spelling error for ncit - ncit + + + regulation of body growth + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C1519589 - ncithesaurus:Trancus_Arteriosus + + + regulation of body size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. + negative regulation of body growth + negative regulation of body size + biological_process + GO:0040015 + negative regulation of multicellular organism growth + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. + GOC:dph + GOC:ems + GOC:tb + + + + + negative regulation of body growth + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + negative regulation of body size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + - + + The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. + biological_process + GO:0040016 + embryonic cleavage + + + + + The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. + GOC:clt + ISBN:0070524300 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + up regulation of locomotion + up-regulation of locomotion + upregulation of locomotion + activation of locomotion + stimulation of locomotion + biological_process + GO:0040017 + positive regulation of locomotion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. - Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] - relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] - (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG] - - EHDAA2:0000434 - EHDAA2:0004028 - EHDAA:2586 - EMAPA:16696 - FMA:70302 - MA:0000078 - MESH:D054089 - TAO:0001317 - VHOG:0000932 - XAO:0004189 - ZFA:0001317 - AV cushion - atrioventricular cushion - cardiac cushion - endocardial cushion tissue - uberon - atrioventricular canal cushion - endocardial cushions - UBERON:0002062 - - - - GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form - endocardial cushion - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. + positive regulation of body growth + positive regulation of body size + biological_process + GO:0040018 + positive regulation of multicellular organism growth - - - - GO + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of body growth + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of body size + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + up regulation of embryonic development + up-regulation of embryonic development + upregulation of embryonic development + activation of embryonic development + stimulation of embryonic development + biological_process + GO:0040019 + positive regulation of embryonic development + - + - The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. - - GO:0003197 - ZFIN:curator + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. + regulation of meiosis + biological_process + GO:0040020 + regulation of meiotic nuclear division + + + + + - - - Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001317 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001317 - TAO + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. + GOC:ems + GOC:ma - - - (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000932 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/35047564 Stainier DYR, Zebrafish genetics and vertebrate heart formation. Nature Reviews Genetics (2001) Figure 3 + + + regulation of meiosis + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. + heterochronic regulation of development + temporal regulation of development + biological_process + developmental timing + GO:0040034 + regulation of development, heterochronic + - - - atrioventricular cushion - + + + Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. + PMID:9442909 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. + glial cell generation + biological_process + GO:0042063 + gliogenesis + - - - cardiac cushion - + + + The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. + GOC:dgh + GOC:jid - + - endocardial cushion tissue - EHDAA2:0000434 - - - - - atrioventricular canal cushion - FMA:70302 - - - - - endocardial cushions - + glial cell generation + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0042065 + glial cell growth + + + + + Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. - Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Part of the circulatory system which receives blood from the systemic veins and contracts to pump the blood into the atrium of the heart.[AAO] - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] - In fish, receives venous blood from the systemic circulation through paired hepatic veins, anterior jugular veins and Cuvierian ducts[PMID:20735616] - In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarmu - In zebrafish, the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract - inflow tract - - - - AAO:0010505 - EHDAA2:0001839 - EHDAA:480 - EMAPA:16237 - FMA:70303 - NCIT:C34299 - NCIT:C34300 - TAO:0000154 - UMLS:C0225857 - UMLS:C0231084 - VHOG:0000177 - ZFA:0000154 - uberon - sinus venarum - sinus venosus cordis - venarum - venarum sinus - venosus - UBERON:0002063 - - - - sinus venosus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. + regulation of catecholamine metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042069 + regulation of catecholamine metabolic process - - - - - - - - - VHOG - - - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - - - The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. - - - - - - - Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000154 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Part of the circulatory system which receives blood from the systemic veins and contracts to pump the blood into the atrium of the heart.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010505 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000177 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 - - - - - In zebrafish, the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract - ZFA:0000154 - - - - - inflow tract - ZFA:0000154 - - - - - UMLS:C0225857 - ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venarum - - - - - UMLS:C0231084 - ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venosus - - - - - sinus venarum - - - - - - sinus venosus cordis - - - - - - - venarum - - - - - - venarum sinus - - - - - - venosus - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. - Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers - - A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] - dermal - - - - AAO:0000128 - BTO:0000294 - CALOHA:TS-2076 - EFO:0000953 - EMAPA:17527 - EV:0100154 - FMA:70323 - GAID:1321 - MA:0000152 - MAT:0000153 - MESH:D020405 - MIAA:0000153 - NCIT:C12701 - TAO:0001119 - UMLS:C0011646 - VHOG:0000108 - XAO:0000217 - ZFA:0001119 - vertebrate dermis - uberon - corium - cutis - UBERON:0002067 - - - - - - dermis - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EpidermisPainted.svg - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - FMA - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - definitional - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. + + + + + + + GO:0035734 + Wikipedia:Intraflagellar_transport + intraflagellar transport + intraflagellar transport involved in cilium organization + intraflagellar transport involved in microtubule-based flagellum organisation + biological_process + IFT + GO:0042073 + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. + intraciliary transport + - + - The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001119 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000108 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.231-232 see also p.209 and p.228 and Figure 6-1 - - - - - UMLS:C0011646 - ncithesaurus:Dermis - - - - - corium - - - - - - - corium - BTO:0000294 - - - - - cutis - BTO:0000294 + The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:cilia + GOC:kmv + PMID:17981739 + PMID:18180368 + PMID:22869374 + Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). + biological_process + GO:0042074 + cell migration involved in gastrulation + + + + + The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). + GOC:jl + ISBN:0878932437 + http://www.cellmigration.org/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. + GO:0048131 + germ-line stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:0042078 + germ-line stem cell division + + + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. + GOC:jid + PMID:2279698 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - - Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. - - A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. - hypodermal - subcutaneous - subcutaneus - BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. - - - BTO:0001314 - CALOHA:TS-2366 - EMAPA:37505 - FMA:70544 - NCIT:C33645 - TAO:0001136 - UMLS:C0278403 - ZFA:0001136 - hypoderm - vertebrate hypodermis - uberon - sub-tegumental tissue - subcutaneous tissue - subcutis - subtegumental tissue - superficial fascia - tela subcutanea - UBERON:0002072 - - - - - hypodermis - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. + + biological_process + regulation of cell proliferation + GO:0042127 + regulation of cell population proliferation - - - - FMA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. + GOC:jl - - - - + + + + + + + + - + - - ZFA - + + The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. + nuclear membrane-ER network + nuclear membrane-endoplasmic reticulum continuum + cellular_component + NE-ER continuum + NE-ER network + nuclear envelope-ER network + nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum continuum + nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network + GO:0042175 + nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network + - - - - - - - - - FMA-modified + + + The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. + GOC:bf + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + GOC:mcc + GOC:pr + GOC:vw - - - Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. - + + + nuclear membrane-ER network + GOC:mah - - - A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001136 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + nuclear membrane-endoplasmic reticulum continuum + GOC:mah - - - A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. - FMA:70544 + + + nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + kmv + 2014-08-21T15:05:45Z + GO:1903362 + GO:2000598 + regulation of cellular protein breakdown + regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + regulation of cellular protein catabolism + regulation of cellular protein degradation + regulation of protein breakdown + regulation of protein catabolism + regulation of protein degradation + regulation of cyclin breakdown + regulation of cyclin catabolic process + regulation of cyclin catabolism + regulation of cyclin degradation + regulation of degradation of cyclin + biological_process + GO:0042176 + regulation of protein catabolic process + - - - BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. - BTO + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:jl - - - EMAPA:37505 - MA:th + + + regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0278403 - ncithesaurus:Subcutis + + + regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - sub-tegumental tissue - BTO:0004525 + + + regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - subcutaneous tissue - + + + regulation of cyclin breakdown + GOC:obol - - - subtegumental tissue - BTO:0004525 + + + regulation of cyclin catabolism + GOC:obol - - - superficial fascia - + + + regulation of cyclin degradation + GOC:obol - - - tela subcutanea - - + + + regulation of degradation of cyclin + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. - An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] - general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. - - - - AAO:0010386 - BTO:0001491 - EHDAA:512 - EMAPA:16245 - FMA:7085 - MA:0000019 - MESH:D014781 - NCIT:C28287 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 - UMLS:C0042779 - XAO:0003034 - visceral organ - visceral organ system - uberon - splanchnic tissue - viscera - visceral tissue - UBERON:0002075 - - - - - viscus + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:1903363 + GO:2000599 + down regulation of cellular protein breakdown + down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + down regulation of cellular protein catabolism + down regulation of cellular protein degradation + down regulation of protein catabolic process + down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown + down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism + down-regulation of cellular protein degradation + down-regulation of protein catabolic process + downregulation of cellular protein breakdown + downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process + downregulation of cellular protein catabolism + downregulation of cellular protein degradation + downregulation of protein catabolic process + negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown + negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism + negative regulation of cellular protein degradation + negative regulation of protein breakdown + negative regulation of protein catabolism + negative regulation of protein degradation + inhibition of cellular protein breakdown + inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process + inhibition of cellular protein catabolism + inhibition of cellular protein degradation + inhibition of protein catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0042177 + negative regulation of protein catabolic process - + - An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. - - - BTO:0001491 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + GOC:obol + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24785082 - - - An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010386 - AAO - BTO:0001491 + + + down regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. - FMA + + + down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0042779 - ncithesaurus:Viscera + + + down regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - visceral organ - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 + down regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - visceral organ system - MA:0000019 + down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - splanchnic tissue - BTO:0001491 + + + down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral tissue - BTO:0001491 + + + down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + ketone metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042180 + + cellular ketone metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0787650153 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + ketone anabolism + ketone biosynthesis + ketone formation + ketone synthesis + biological_process + GO:0042181 + ketone biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. - - Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - - - AAO:0010248 - BTO:0001703 - EHDAA2:0000290 - EMAPA:17321 - FMA:7096 - MA:0000075 - NCIT:C12868 - OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw - UMLS:C0225844 - VHOG:0000328 - XAO:0003192 - galen:RightAtrium - cardiac right atrium - heart right atrium - right atrium - right atrium of heart - right cardiac atrium - uberon - atrium dextrum - UBERON:0002078 - - - - right cardiac atrium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + ketone breakdown + ketone catabolism + ketone degradation + biological_process + GO:0042182 + ketone catabolic process - + - A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. - - - - - - - Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] - FMA:7096 - - - - - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000328 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 - - - - - UMLS:C0225844 - ncithesaurus:Right_Atrium + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. + response to chemical stimulus + response to chemical substance + biological_process + GO:0042221 + + + + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to chemical + - - - heart right atrium - MA:0000075 + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. + GOC:jl - + - right atrium - VHOG:0000328 + response to chemical stimulus + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. + GO:0007046 + ribosome biogenesis and assembly + biological_process + GO:0042254 + + + + + + + + ribosome biogenesis + - - - atrium dextrum - - + + + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. + GOC:ma + PMID:26404467 + Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - - - - - - - + + - A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. - - Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] - The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - - - AAO:0010247 - BTO:0001702 - EHDAA2:0000275 - EMAPA:17315 - FMA:7097 - MA:0000074 - NCIT:C12869 - OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw - UMLS:C0225860 - VHOG:0000369 - XAO:0003191 - galen:LeftAtrium - atrium sinistrum - cardiac left atrium - heart left atrium - left atrium - left atrium of heart - left cardiac atrium - uberon - UBERON:0002079 - - - - left cardiac atrium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits. + GO:0042257 + ribosomal subunit assembly + biological_process + GO:0042255 + + ribosome assembly - + - A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. - - - - - - - Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] - FMA:7097 - - - - - The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. - XAO:EJS - - - - - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000369 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 - - - - - UMLS:C0225860 - ncithesaurus:Left_Atrium - - - - - atrium sinistrum - - - - - - - heart left atrium - MA:0000074 + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits. + GOC:ma + PMID:30467428 - - - left atrium - VHOG:0000369 + + + ribosomal subunit assembly + GOC:mah + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. + biological_process + GO:0042325 + regulation of phosphorylation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. + down regulation of phosphorylation + down-regulation of phosphorylation + downregulation of phosphorylation + inhibition of phosphorylation + biological_process + GO:0042326 + negative regulation of phosphorylation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. + up regulation of phosphorylation + up-regulation of phosphorylation + upregulation of phosphorylation + activation of phosphorylation + stimulation of phosphorylation + biological_process + GO:0042327 + positive regulation of phosphorylation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + - - + + - A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. - - The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - In mammals continuous with the pulmonary arteries - - - - BTO:0001630 - CALOHA:TS-0443 - EHDAA2:0000196 - EMAPA:17340 - FMA:7098 - MA:0000093 - NCIT:C12870 - OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225883 - VHOG:0000717 - galen:RightVentricle - cardiac right ventricle - right ventricle - right ventricle of heart - uberon - right cardiac ventricle - ventriculus dexter - UBERON:0002080 - - - - heart right ventricle - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. + biological_process + GO:0042391 + regulation of membrane potential - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. - - - - - - The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000717 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0225883 - ncithesaurus:Right_Ventricle - - - - - right ventricle - FMA:7098 + Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_cardio + GOC:tb + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + biogenic amine anabolism + biogenic amine biosynthesis + biogenic amine formation + biogenic amine synthesis + cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0042401 + biogenic amine biosynthetic process + - - - right cardiac ventricle - EMAPA:17340 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + biogenic amine breakdown + biogenic amine catabolism + biogenic amine degradation + biological_process + GO:0042402 + cellular biogenic amine catabolic process + - - - ventriculus dexter - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + levarterenol metabolic process + levarterenol metabolism + noradrenaline metabolic process + noradrenaline metabolism + norepinephrine metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042415 + norepinephrine metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + levarterenol biosynthesis + levarterenol biosynthetic process + noradrenaline biosynthesis + noradrenaline biosynthetic process + norepinephrine anabolism + norepinephrine biosynthesis + norepinephrine formation + norepinephrine synthesis + biological_process + GO:0042421 + norepinephrine biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. - One of four heart chambers.[TAO] - One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO] - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010246 - BTO:0000903 - CALOHA:TS-0437 - EFO:0000277 - EHDAA2:0000154 - EHDAA:1265 - EMAPA:16688 - EV:0100019 - FMA:7099 - GAID:555 - MA:0000073 - MAT:0000496 - MESH:D006325 - NCIT:C12728 - TAO:0000471 - UMLS:C0018792 - VHOG:0000175 - ZFA:0000471 - galen:Atrium - atria - atrium - atrium of heart - cardiac atria - heart atrium - uberon - atrial tissue - UBERON:0002081 - - - - - cardiac atrium + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + Wikipedia:Norepinephrine#Degradation + levarterenol catabolic process + levarterenol catabolism + noradrenaline catabolic process + noradrenaline catabolism + norepinephrine breakdown + norepinephrine catabolism + norepinephrine degradation + biological_process + GO:0042422 + norepinephrine catabolic process - + - Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. - - - - - - - One of four heart chambers.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000471 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010246 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000175 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 - - - - - UMLS:C0018792 - ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Atrium - - - - - atria - - - - - - atrium - ZFA:0000471 - - - - - cardiac atria - - - - - - atrial tissue - BTO:0000903 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + Wikipedia:Catecholamines + catecholamine anabolism + catecholamine biosynthesis + catecholamine formation + catecholamine synthesis + biological_process + GO:0042423 + catecholamine biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + catecholamine breakdown + catecholamine catabolism + catecholamine degradation + biological_process + GO:0042424 + catecholamine catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. - A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] - One of four heart chambers.[TAO] - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG] - ventricle - - - - AAO:0010249 - BTO:0000862 - CALOHA:TS-0444 - EFO:0000317 - EHDAA2:0004164 - EHDAA:1912 - EMAPA:17331 - EV:0100020 - FMA:7100 - GAID:568 - MA:0000091 - MAT:0000497 - MESH:D006352 - NCIT:C12730 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000009 - UMLS:C0018827 - VHOG:0000435 - XAO:0003193 - ZFA:0000009 - galen:Ventricle - heart ventricle - lower chamber of heart - ventricle of heart - uberon - UBERON:0002082 - - - - - cardiac ventricle + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + Wikipedia:Serotonin + serotonin anabolism + serotonin biosynthesis + serotonin formation + serotonin synthesis + biological_process + GO:0042427 + serotonin biosynthetic process - - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + serotonin metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042428 + serotonin metabolic process + - + - Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. - - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + serotonin breakdown + serotonin catabolism + serotonin degradation + biological_process + GO:0042429 + serotonin catabolic process + - - - A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010249 - AAO - AAO:BJB + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + GO:0042434 + indole and derivative metabolic process + indole and derivative metabolism + indole-containing compound metabolism + ketole metabolic process + ketole metabolism + indole derivative metabolic process + indole derivative metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042430 + indole-containing compound metabolic process + - - - One of four heart chambers.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000009 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + indole derivative biosynthesis + indole derivative biosynthetic process + indole-containing compound anabolism + indole-containing compound biosynthesis + indole-containing compound formation + indole-containing compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:0042435 + indole-containing compound biosynthetic process + - - - In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000435 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + indole derivative catabolic process + indole derivative catabolism + indole-containing compound breakdown + indole-containing compound catabolism + indole-containing compound degradation + biological_process + GO:0042436 + indole-containing compound catabolic process + - - - UMLS:C0018827 - ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Ventricle + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. + GO:0046531 + photoreceptor morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0042461 + photoreceptor cell development + + + + + Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. + biological_process + GO:0042462 + eye photoreceptor cell development + + + + + Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0192800981 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. - - Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - In mammals continuous with aorta - - - - BTO:0001629 - CALOHA:TS-0439 - EHDAA2:0002178 - EMAPA:17337 - FMA:7101 - MA:0000092 - NCIT:C12871 - OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225897 - VHOG:0000718 - galen:LeftVentricle - cardiac left ventricle - left cardiac ventricle - left ventricle - left ventricle of heart - uberon - ventriculus sinister cordis - UBERON:0002084 - - - - heart left ventricle - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + regulation of eye photoreceptor development + biological_process + GO:0042478 + regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + + + + - + - - - - - - - GO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. - - - - - - Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000718 - VHOG - - - - - - The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000718 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1126/science.1190181 Stolfi A, Gainous TB, Young JJ, Mori A, Levine M, Christiaen L, Early chordate origins of the vertebrate second heart field. Science (2010) - - - - - UMLS:C0225897 - ncithesaurus:Left_Ventricle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + positive regulation of eye photoreceptor development + up regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + up-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + upregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + activation of eye photoreceptor cell development + stimulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + biological_process + GO:0042479 + positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + + + + + - - - left ventricle - FMA:7101 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - ventriculus sinister cordis - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + down regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + down-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + downregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + negative regulation of eye photoreceptor development + inhibition of eye photoreceptor cell development + biological_process + GO:0042480 + negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. - The partition separating the right and left atria of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - - - - EHDAA2:0000838 - EHDAA:1896 - EMAPA:17011 - FMA:7108 - MA:0000084 - NCIT:C32818 - OpenCyc:Mx4rpd49nLYEEduAAAACs2IKfQ - OpenCyc:Mx4rwGvku5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225836 - VHOG:0000385 - galen:InteratrialSeptum - atrial septum - atrium septum - interatrial septal wall - uberon - UBERON:0002085 - - - interatrial septum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. + biological_process + GO:0042551 + neuron maturation - + - A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. - + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. + cellular_component + GO:0042588 + zymogen granule + - - - The partition separating the right and left atria of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000385 - VHOG - - + + + A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule. + cellular_component + GO:0042589 + zymogen granule membrane + - - - The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000385 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. + GO:0032844 + GO:0032845 + GO:0032846 + homeostasis + activation of homeostatic process + inhibition of homeostatic process + biological_process + negative regulation of homeostatic process + positive regulation of homeostatic process + regulation of homeostatic process + GO:0042592 + + + + homeostatic process + - - - UMLS:C0225836 - ncithesaurus:Interatrial_Septum + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0395825172 - + - - - + + - + - + + Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. + actomyosin complex + actomyosin structure + cellular_component + GO:0042641 + actomyosin + + + + + Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. - Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] - The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] - The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] - The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] - axial skeleton - AAO:0000034 - EFO:0000942 - EHDAA2:0000161 - EHDAA:5049 - EMAPA:17214 - EMAPA:37721 - FMA:71221 - MA:0002986 - MAT:0000148 - MIAA:0000148 - TAO:0000317 - VHOG:0000317 - VSAO:0000093 - XAO:0003073 - ZFA:0000317 - post-cranial axial skeleton - uberon - UBERON:0002090 - - - - - previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. - postcranial axial skeleton - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell. + biological_process + GO:0042670 + retinal cone cell differentiation - + - The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. - - - ZFA:0000317 - - - - - Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000093 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000034 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000317 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000317 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-8-4 Schilling N, Evolution of the axial system in craniates: morphology and function of the perivertebral musculature. Frontiers in Zoology (2011) - - - - - axial skeleton - - FMA:71221 - - - - - EMAPA:37721 - MA:th + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. + biological_process + myogenesis + GO:0042692 + muscle cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. + CL:0000187 + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. + regulation of sulfur metabolism + regulation of sulphur metabolic process + regulation of sulphur metabolism + biological_process + GO:0042762 + regulation of sulfur metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. - Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] - Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] - The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] - ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. - - - - AAO:0000747 - EFO:0000951 - EMAPA:32729 - FMA:71222 - MA:0000290 - MAT:0000278 - MIAA:0000278 - NCIT:C49477 - UMLS:C0222646 - VHOG:0001666 - VSAO:0000076 - XAO:0003166 - appendicular skeleton - entire appendicular skeleton - paired fin skeleton - uberon - skeleton appendiculare - UBERON:0002091 - - - - - appendicular skeleton - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Appendicular_skeleton_diagram.svg + The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0042886 + + amide transport - + - Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. - - - UBERONREF:0000003 - - - - - Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000076 - VSAO - - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000027 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000747 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0222646 - ncithesaurus:Appendicular_Skeleton - - - - - entire appendicular skeleton - - - - - - paired fin skeleton - - - - - - skeleton appendiculare - - + The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. - - The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] - involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) - - - - BTO:0002483 - EFO:0001956 - EHDAA:2603 - EMAPA:17333 - FMA:7133 - MA:0000085 - NCIT:C32874 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwA7lp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225870 - VHOG:0000386 - galen:InterventricularSeptum - heart interventricular septum - heart ventricular septum - uberon - interventricular septum of heart - interventriculare cordis - intraventricular septum - s. interventriculare cordis - septum inferius - septum membranaceum - ventricle septum - ventricular septum - UBERON:0002094 - - - - - interventricular septum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png + Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other. + amine/amide/polyamine channel activity + molecular_function + GO:0042887 + amide transmembrane transporter activity - + - Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. - FMA:7133 + Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. + regulation of apoptosis + biological_process + apoptosis regulator activity + GO:0042981 + This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. + regulation of apoptotic process + - - - The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000386 - VHOG - - - - - - - The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000386 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.430 - - - - - involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) - ISBN:0124020607 - - - - - UMLS:C0225870 - ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Septum - - - - - heart interventricular septum - MA:0000085 - - - - - heart ventricular septum - MA:0000085 - - - - - interventricular septum of heart - BTO:0002483 - - - - - interventriculare cordis - BTO:0002483 - - - - - intraventricular septum - - - - - - s. interventriculare cordis - - - - - - - septum inferius - - - - - - septum membranaceum - - - - - - ventricular septum - - MA:0000085 + + + Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - - + + - - + + - Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. - mesenteric - in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: 'In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.'. TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. - - - - - AAO:0011061 - BTO:0001380 - EV:0100083 - FMA:7144 - GAID:21 - MESH:D008643 - NCIT:C33103 - UMLS:C0025474 - galen:Mesentery - generic mesentery - mesentery (generic) - uberon - UBERON:0002095 - - - - mesentery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray1038.png + A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + cell process + cellular process + cellular projection + cellular_component + GO:0042995 + + + + + + cell projection - - - - - - - + - Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. - - - - FMA:7144 - - - - - in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: 'In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.'. TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0025474 - ncithesaurus:Mesentery - - - - - generic mesentery - - - - - - mesentery (generic) - + A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. + GOC:jl + http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + biological_process + GO:0042996 + regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + inhibition of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + biological_process + GO:0042997 + negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. - consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates - - MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin - - - - BTO:0001253 - CALOHA:TS-0934 - EFO:0000962 - EHDAA2:0001844 - EMAPA:17525 - FMA:7163 - MESH:D012867 - MFMO:0000099 - NCIT:C12470 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C1123023 - XAO:0000023 - galen:Skin - entire skin - skin organ - uberon - entire integument - integument - integumental organ - pelt - skin - UBERON:0002097 - - - - - - skin of body - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + activation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + stimulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport + biological_process + GO:0042998 + positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport - - - - - - - - - Wikipathways:WP2062 - - - + - The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C1123023 - ncithesaurus:Skin + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. - 'Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations' - in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this - - - EMAPA:35400 - FMA:7180 - GAID:562 - MA:0000083 - MESH:D006346 - NCIT:C49485 - UMLS:C0018819 - cardiac septa - heart septa - heart septum - septum of heart - uberon - spiral septa - UBERON:0002099 - - - cardiac septum + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. + biological_process + GO:0043001 + Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport - + - The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. - MESH:A07.541.459 - - - - - in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this - GO - - - - - UMLS:C0018819 - ncithesaurus:Heart_Septum - - - - - cardiac septa - - - - - - heart septa - - - - - - spiral septa - XAO:0004141 - + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. + ISBN:0716731363 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. - - - Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] - - - - AAO:0010339 - BILA:0000116 - BTO:0001493 - CALOHA:TS-1071 - EFO:0000966 - EMAPA:31857 - FMA:7181 - MA:0000004 - MAT:0000296 - MIAA:0000296 - NCIT:C33816 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001115 - UMLS:C0460005 - XAO:0000054 - XAO:0003025 - ZFA:0001115 - galen:Trunk - thoracolumbar region - torso - trunk region - uberon - Rumpf - UBERON:0002100 - - - - - trunk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. + + NIF_Subcellular:sao867568886 + neuron process + neuron protrusion + neuronal cell projection + neurite + cellular_component + nerve fiber + GO:0043005 + + neuron projection - + - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. - - TAO:0001115 - UBERONREF:0000006 - - - - - - ZFA - - pending - - - - - Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010339 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001115 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0460005 - ncithesaurus:Trunk + A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. + GOC:jl + http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - + - trunk region - XAO:0000054 + neuron protrusion + NIF_Subcellular:sao250931889 - + - Rumpf - BTO:0001493 + nerve fiber + GOC:dph - + - - + + - - + + - The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. - The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] - UBERON:0007036 - - - - - AAO:0000632 - BILA:0000140 - EMAPA:36003 - FMA:7191 - MA:0002444 - NCIT:C12888 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001127 - UMLS:C0587900 - XAO:0003198 - ZFA:0001127 - photosensory system - visual organ system - uberon - UBERON:0002104 - - - - visual system + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. + biological_process + GO:0043009 + chordate embryonic development - + - The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. - NIFSTD:FMAID_7191 - - - - - The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000632 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - UMLS:C0587900 - ncithesaurus:Visual_System - - - - - photosensory system - BILA:0000140 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. - The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] - AAO:0000631 - EMAPA:36002 - EMAPA:37985 - FMA:78500 - TAO:0001138 - XAO:0003195 - ZFA:0001138 - auditory organ system - vestibuloauditory system - uberon - auditory system - auditory/vestibular system - vestibuloauditory system - UBERON:0002105 - - - - - vestibulo-auditory system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Ear.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. + + GO:0001747 + GO:0031075 + biological_process + GO:0043010 + camera-type eye development - + - Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. - ZFA:0001138 - - - - - The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000631 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - EMAPA:37985 - MA:th + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821 + Wikipedia:Soma_(biology) + neuron cell body + neuronal cell soma + cellular_component + GO:0043025 + + Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. + neuronal cell body + + + + + The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. + peptide anabolism + peptide biosynthesis + peptide formation + peptide synthesis + biological_process + GO:0043043 + peptide biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. + extracellular structure organisation + extracellular structure organization and biogenesis + biological_process + GO:0043062 + + + extracellular structure organization + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + extracellular structure organization and biogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. + up regulation of apoptosis + up-regulation of apoptosis + upregulation of apoptosis + activation of apoptosis + positive regulation of apoptosis + stimulation of apoptosis + biological_process + pro-apoptosis + GO:0043065 + + This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is positively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. + positive regulation of apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. + GO:0006916 + anti-apoptosis + down regulation of apoptosis + down-regulation of apoptosis + downregulation of apoptosis + inhibition of apoptosis + negative regulation of apoptosis + biological_process + apoptosis inhibitor activity + pro-survival + GO:0043066 + This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is negatively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. + negative regulation of apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. - - An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] - With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - lienal - splenic - In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron - Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) - It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells - - - - AAO:0010395 - BTO:0001281 - CALOHA:TS-0956 - EFO:0000869 - EMAPA:18767 - EV:0100055 - FMA:7196 - GAID:1289 - MA:0000141 - MAT:0000085 - MESH:D013154 - MIAA:0000085 - NCIT:C12432 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000436 - UMLS:C0037993 - VHOG:0000120 - XAO:0000328 - ZFA:0000436 - galen:Spleen - uberon - lien - UBERON:0002106 - - - - - - - spleen - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GO:0043070 + regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0043067 + regulation of programmed cell death - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - MA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GO:0043071 + up regulation of programmed cell death + up-regulation of programmed cell death + upregulation of programmed cell death + activation of programmed cell death + positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death + stimulation of programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0043068 + positive regulation of programmed cell death + - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - multiple sources - true spleen appear in jawed vertebrates - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GO:0043072 + down regulation of programmed cell death + down-regulation of programmed cell death + downregulation of programmed cell death + inhibition of programmed cell death + negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0043069 + negative regulation of programmed cell death + - + - The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000689 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. + germ-cell nucleus + cellular_component + GO:0043073 + germ cell nucleus + - - - An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010395 - AAO - AAO:BMZ + + + The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. + CL:0000586 + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. + GO:0048554 + positive regulation of enzyme activity + up regulation of enzyme activity + up-regulation of enzyme activity + upregulation of enzyme activity + activation of enzyme activity + activation of metalloenzyme activity + positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity + stimulation of enzyme activity + stimulation of metalloenzyme activity + up regulation of metalloenzyme activity + up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity + upregulation of metalloenzyme activity + biological_process + GO:0043085 + + + positive regulation of catalytic activity + - - - With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000120 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0781765190 Paul WE, Fundamental Immunology (2008) p.94 + + + Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. + GOC:ebc + GOC:jl + GOC:tb + GOC:vw - - - Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) - + + + positive regulation of enzyme activity + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. + GO:0048553 + down regulation of enzyme activity + down-regulation of enzyme activity + down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity + downregulation of enzyme activity + negative regulation of enzyme activity + down regulation of metalloenzyme activity + downregulation of metalloenzyme activity + inhibition of enzyme activity + inhibition of metalloenzyme activity + negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity + biological_process + GO:0043086 + + negative regulation of catalytic activity + - - - UMLS:C0037993 - ncithesaurus:Spleen + + + Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. + GOC:ebc + GOC:jl + GOC:tb + GOC:vw - - - lien - - + + + negative regulation of enzyme activity + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + biological_process + GO:0043133 + hindgut contraction + + + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_muscle + UBERON:0001046 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + biological_process + GO:0043134 + regulation of hindgut contraction + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + GOC:jl + UBERON:0001046 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. - - Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] - relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] - All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - hepatic - An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). - The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. - secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. - Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. - - - - AAO:0010111 - BTO:0000759 - CALOHA:TS-0564 - EFO:0000887 - EHDAA2:0000997 - EHDAA:2197 - EMAPA:16846 - EV:0100089 - FMA:7197 - GAID:288 - MA:0000358 - MAT:0000097 - MESH:D008099 - MIAA:0000097 - NCIT:C12392 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000123 - UMLS:C0023884 - VHOG:0000257 - XAO:0000133 - ZFA:0000123 - galen:Liver - uberon - iecur - jecur - UBERON:0002107 - - - - - - - - liver - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg + Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization + establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization + regulation of translation by machinery localisation + translational machinery localization + translational protein localization + biological_process + GO:0043143 + regulation of translation by machinery localization - - - - BTO - EHDAA2 - GO-def - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:jl - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + regulation of translation by machinery localisation + GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + translational machinery localization + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GO:0034960 + GO:0043283 + GO:0044259 + biopolymer metabolic process + macromolecule metabolism + organismal macromolecule metabolism + multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0043170 + + macromolecule metabolic process + - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - ZFA-weakened + + + biopolymer metabolic process + GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - definitional - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. + peptide breakdown + peptide catabolism + peptide degradation + biological_process + GO:0043171 + peptide catabolic process + - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. + GOC:jl - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. + GO:0010237 + response to amino acid stimulus + biological_process + GO:0043200 + response to amino acid + - + - An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. - - BTO:0000759 - - - - - Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010111 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010111 - AAO - - - - - All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000257 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.526, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. - ZFA + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. + GOC:ef + GOC:mlg - - - UMLS:C0023884 - ncithesaurus:Liver + + + response to amino acid stimulus + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. + biological_process + GO:0043207 + response to external biotic stimulus + - - - iecur - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 + Wikipedia:Organelle + cellular_component + GO:0043226 + + + + + organelle + - - - jecur - - + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. - - The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] - Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010397 - BTO:0000651 - CALOHA:TS-0942 - EFO:0000841 - EMAPA:32834 - EV:0100072 - FMA:7200 - GAID:313 - MA:0000337 - MAT:0000047 - MESH:D007421 - MIAA:0000047 - NCIT:C12386 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001323 - UMLS:C0021852 - VHOG:0000055 - XAO:0000130 - ZFA:0001323 - galen:SmallIntestine - small bowel - small intestine - uberon - anterior intestine - intestinum tenue - mid intestine - UBERON:0002108 - - - - - - - - small intestine - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. + NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 + membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + GO:0043227 + membrane-bounded organelle - - - - 2 - cjm - - - + - Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001323 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000055 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 - - - - - UMLS:C0021852 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestine - - - - - intestinum tenue - - + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21881 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 + non-membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + biological condensate + GO:0043228 + + non-membrane-bounded organelle + - - - intestinum tenue - BTO:0000651 + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0043229 + + intracellular organelle + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. + cellular_component + GO:0043230 + + extracellular organelle + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. + GOC:jl + PMID:9914479 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. + intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + GO:0043231 + + intracellular membrane-bounded organelle + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. + intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + GO:0043232 + + intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. + cellular_component + GO:0043233 + + organelle lumen + + + + + The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + down regulation of protein complex disassembly + down-regulation of protein complex disassembly + downregulation of protein complex disassembly + inhibition of protein complex disassembly + biological_process + negative regulation of protein complex disassembly + GO:0043242 + negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + up regulation of protein complex disassembly + up-regulation of protein complex disassembly + upregulation of protein complex disassembly + activation of protein complex disassembly + stimulation of protein complex disassembly + biological_process + positive regulation of protein complex disassembly + GO:0043243 + positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + biological_process + regulation of protein complex disassembly + GO:0043244 + regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. - - - - Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] - relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] - The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010114 - BTO:0000493 - CALOHA:TS-0394 - EFO:0000853 - EHDAA2:0000699 - EHDAA:8062 - EMAPA:17202 - EV:0100090 - FMA:7202 - MA:0000356 - MAT:0000072 - MESH:D005704 - MIAA:0000072 - NCIT:C12377 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000208 - UMLS:C0016976 - VHOG:0000221 - XAO:0000135 - ZFA:0000208 - galen:Gallbladder - cholecyst - gall bladder - uberon - vesica biliaris - vesica fellea - UBERON:0002110 - - - - - - Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) - gallbladder - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/GallbladderAnatomy-en.svg - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. + RBC maturation + red blood cell maturation + biological_process + GO:0043249 + erythrocyte maturation - - - - BTO - - - - - - - - - - - MA - ZFA - cjm - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. - - - - - - - ISBN:9780120749034 - - - - - - GOC:mr - ISBN:9781840761122 - - - - - - GOC:mr - ISBN:9781840761122 - - - - - Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000221 - VHOG - - - - - - Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010114 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010114 - AAO - - - - - The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000221 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970915)38:6<571::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-I Oldham-Ott CK, Gilloteaux J, Comparative morphology of the gallbladder and biliary tract in vertebrates: Variation in structure, homology in function and gallstones. Microscopy research and technique (1997) - - - - - UMLS:C0016976 - ncithesaurus:Gallbladder + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:devbiol + GOC:jl - + - cholecyst - WikipediaVersioned:Gallbladder&oldid=1092217922 - - - - - vesica biliaris - - + RBC maturation + CL:0000232 - - - vesica fellea - - + + + red blood cell maturation + CL:0000232 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - - BTO:0000087 - CALOHA:TS-1198 - EMAPA:36285 - FMA:72024 - MA:0000708 - NCIT:C49195 - UMLS:C1706851 - arterial smooth muscle - artery smooth muscle - artery smooth muscle tissue - smooth muscle of artery - uberon - arterial smooth muscle cell - UBERON:0002111 - artery smooth muscle tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + biological_process + regulation of protein complex assembly + GO:0043254 + regulation of protein-containing complex assembly + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1706851 - ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - arterial smooth muscle - BTO:0000087 - - - - - smooth muscle of artery - FMA:72024 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. + regulation of carbohydrate anabolism + regulation of carbohydrate biosynthesis + regulation of carbohydrate formation + regulation of carbohydrate synthesis + biological_process + GO:0043255 + regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process + - - - arterial smooth muscle cell - BTO:0000087 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - + - + + - + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. + extracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + GO:0043264 + extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle + + + + + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + regulation of ion transport + biological_process + GO:0043269 + regulation of monoatomic ion transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35323 - FMA:72025 - MA:0001573 - esophageal smooth muscle - esophagus involuntary muscle - esophagus non-striated muscle - esophagus smooth muscle - esophagus smooth muscle tissue - gullet involuntary muscle - gullet non-striated muscle - gullet smooth muscle - gullet smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of esophagus - involuntary muscle of gullet - involuntary muscle of oesophagus - non-striated muscle of esophagus - non-striated muscle of gullet - non-striated muscle of oesophagus - oesophagus involuntary muscle - oesophagus non-striated muscle - oesophagus smooth muscle tissue - smooth muscle of gullet - smooth muscle of oesophagus - smooth muscle tissue of esophagus - smooth muscle tissue of gullet - smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus - uberon - oesophagus smooth muscle - UBERON:0002112 - - smooth muscle of esophagus + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of ion transport + up-regulation of ion transport + upregulation of ion transport + activation of ion transport + stimulation of ion transport + biological_process + GO:0043270 + positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + negative regulation of ion transport + down regulation of ion transport + down-regulation of ion transport + downregulation of ion transport + inhibition of ion transport + biological_process + GO:0043271 + negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport + - - - gullet non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. + biological_process + GO:0043279 + response to alkaloid + - - - gullet smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. + contractile fibre + cellular_component + GO:0043292 + contractile fiber + - - - gullet smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0815316194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + enucleate RBC differentiation + enucleate red blood cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0043353 + enucleate erythrocyte differentiation + - - - involuntary muscle of esophagus - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. + GOC:go_curators - + - involuntary muscle of gullet - OBOL:automatic + enucleate RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - involuntary muscle of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + enucleate red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus. + enucleate RBC maturation + enucleate red blood cell maturation + biological_process + GO:0043354 + enucleate erythrocyte maturation + - - - non-striated muscle of esophagus - OBOL:automatic + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus. + GOC:go_curators - + - non-striated muscle of gullet - OBOL:automatic + enucleate RBC maturation + CL:0000232 - + - non-striated muscle of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + enucleate red blood cell maturation + CL:0000232 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus. + nucleate RBC maturation + nucleate red blood cell maturation + biological_process + GO:0043362 + nucleate erythrocyte maturation + - - - oesophagus involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus. + GOC:devbiol + GOC:jl - + - oesophagus non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + nucleate RBC maturation + CL:0000232 - + - oesophagus smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + nucleate red blood cell maturation + CL:0000232 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds. + nucleate RBC differentiation + nucleate red blood cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0043363 + nucleate erythrocyte differentiation + - - - smooth muscle of gullet - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds. + GOC:jl - + - smooth muscle of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + nucleate RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - smooth muscle tissue of esophagus - OBOL:automatic + nucleate red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. + response to peptide hormone stimulus + response to polypeptide hormone stimulus + biological_process + GO:0043434 + response to peptide hormone + - - - smooth muscle tissue of gullet - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. + PMID:11027914 + PMID:15134857 + Wikipedia:Peptide_hormone - + - smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + response to peptide hormone stimulus + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). + keto acid metabolic process + keto acid metabolism + ketoacid metabolic process + ketoacid metabolism + oxo acid metabolic process + oxo acid metabolism + oxoacid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0043436 + oxoacid metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). + Wikipedia:Oxyacid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. + regulation of secondary metabolism + biological_process + GO:0043455 + regulation of secondary metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. + biological_process + GO:0043467 + regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. + biological_process + GO:0043470 + regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. + GOC:mlg + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - + - - The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). - - - The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - duodenal - In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. - In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. - - - - AAO:0010402 - BTO:0000365 - CALOHA:TS-0214 - EFO:0000851 - EMAPA:18852 - EV:0100073 - FMA:7206 - GAID:284 - MA:0000338 - MAT:0000044 - MESH:D004386 - MIAA:0000044 - NCIT:C12263 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0013303 - VHOG:0000052 - XAO:0000236 - galen:Duodenum - uberon - proximal intestine - upper intestine - UBERON:0002114 - - - - - - duodenum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg + + The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. + biological_process + GO:0043473 + + + pigmentation - - - - 3 - cjm + + + The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + biological_process + muscle plasticity + GO:0043500 + + muscle adaptation + - + - The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). - - ISBN:0815318960 + A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. + GOC:mtg_muscle + PMID:11181628 + PMID:11449884 + PMID:12605307 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. + biological_process + skeletal muscle plasticity + GO:0043501 + skeletal muscle adaptation + - - - - ZFA:0000348 + + + Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. + GOC:mtg_muscle + PMID:11181628 + PMID:11449884 + PMID:12605307 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation. + biological_process + regulation of muscle plasticity + GO:0043502 + regulation of muscle adaptation + - - - The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000052 - VHOG - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. + regulation of apoptosis of neuronal cells + regulation of apoptosis of neurons + regulation of neuron programmed cell death + regulation of neuronal cell programmed cell death + regulation of programmed cell death of neuronal cells + regulation of programmed cell death, neurons + regulation of neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0043523 + regulation of neuron apoptotic process + - - - In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. - NCBITaxon:32443 - + + + Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. + down regulation of neuron apoptosis + down-regulation of neuron apoptosis + downregulation of neuron apoptosis + negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons + inhibition of neuron apoptosis + negative regulation of neuron apoptosis + neuron survival + biological_process + GO:0043524 + negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process + - - - In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. - NCBITaxon:9606 - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. + positive regulation of programmed cell death, neurons + up regulation of neuron apoptosis + up-regulation of neuron apoptosis + upregulation of neuron apoptosis + activation of neuron apoptosis + positive regulation of neuron apoptosis + stimulation of neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0043525 + positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process + - - - UMLS:C0013303 - ncithesaurus:Duodenum + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + biological_process + GO:0043549 + + regulation of kinase activity + + + + + - - - proximal intestine - BTO:0000365 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - upper intestine - BTO:0000365 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - - EMAPA:37367 - FMA:7213 - MA:0001705 - NCIT:C33487 - UMLS:C0227873 - uberon - UBERON:0002118 - right ovary + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. + biological_process + GO:0043576 + regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - + - An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. + + + animal skin development + biological_process + GO:0043588 + skin development + - - - EMAPA:37367 - MA:th + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. + GOC:jl + UBERON:0002097 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. + biological_process + GO:0043589 + skin morphogenesis + - - - UMLS:C0227873 - ncithesaurus:Right_Ovary + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. + GOC:jl + UBERON:0002097 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo - - - EMAPA:37366 - FMA:7214 - MA:0001704 - NCIT:C32969 - UMLS:C0227874 - uberon - UBERON:0002119 - left ovary + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. + amide metabolism + cellular amide metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0043603 + + amide metabolic process - + - An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. + GOC:curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + biological_process + GO:0043604 + amide biosynthetic process + - - - In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + GOC:curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + cellular amide catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0043605 + amide catabolic process + - - - EMAPA:37366 - MA:th + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. + GOC:curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + dicarboxylate metabolic process + dicarboxylate metabolism + dicarboxylic acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:0043648 + dicarboxylic acid metabolic process + - - - UMLS:C0227874 - ncithesaurus:Left_Ovary + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + dicarboxylate catabolic process + dicarboxylate catabolism + dicarboxylic acid breakdown + dicarboxylic acid catabolism + dicarboxylic acid degradation + biological_process + GO:0043649 + dicarboxylic acid catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. - - - - In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound[GO:0021718] - The SOC displays a significant interspecies variation, being largest in bats and rodents and smaller in primates. - - - BAMS:SOC - BIRNLEX:1307 - DHBA:12462 - EMAPA:35840 - EV:0100263 - FMA:72247 - HBA:9177 - MA:0001026 - MBA:398 - MESH:D065832 - UMLS:C0175427 - VHOG:0001381 - neuronames:569 - nucleus olivaris superior - superior olivary nuclei - uberon - regio olivaris superioris - superior olivary nucleus - superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) - superior olive - UBERON:0002128 - - superior olivary complex - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray713.png + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + dicarboxylate biosynthesis + dicarboxylate biosynthetic process + dicarboxylic acid anabolism + dicarboxylic acid biosynthesis + dicarboxylic acid formation + dicarboxylic acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0043650 + dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process - - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - NIFSTD - + + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. + ossification involved in skeletal development + ossification involved in bone modeling + biological_process + GO:0043931 + ossification involved in bone maturation + - + - A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. - - ISBN:0-19-502694-2 - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA + The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_mpo - - - - ABA + + + ossification involved in skeletal development + GOC:dph - - - UMLS:C0175427 - BIRNLEX:1307 + + + ossification involved in bone modeling + GO_REF:0000034 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 + mah + 2010-09-08T10:01:42Z + GO:0034600 + GO:0034621 + GO:0071822 + protein complex subunit organisation + protein complex subunit organization + biological_process + cellular macromolecular complex organization + cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation + cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization + macromolecular complex organization + macromolecular complex subunit organisation + macromolecular complex subunit organization + protein-containing complex subunit organization + GO:0043933 + protein-containing complex organization + - - - neuronames:569 - BIRNLEX:1307 + + + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. + GOC:mah - + - nucleus olivaris superior - FMA:72247 - FMA:TA - - - - - - superior olivary nuclei - FMA:72247 - - - - - regio olivaris superioris - NeuroNames:569 - - - - - - superior olivary nucleus - FMA:72247 - - - - - - superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) - NeuroNames:569 - - - - - superior olive - FMA:72247 - ISBN:0-19-502694-2 - + protein complex subunit organisation + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. - TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons - - - - - - - - BAMS:CAE - BAMS:LC - BIRNLEX:905 - BM:Pons-LC - BTO:0001408 - DHBA:12819 - DMBA:16972 - EFO:0001963 - EMAPA:35502 - FMA:72478 - GAID:577 - HBA:9148 - MA:0001017 - MBA:147 - MESH:D008125 - NCIT:C97333 - TAO:0000539 - UMLS:C0023951 - ZFA:0000539 - neuronames:583 - Noradrenergic cell group A6 - blue nucleus - caerulean nucleus - locus caeruleus - locus coeruleu - locus coeruleus - nucleus caeruleus - nucleus of locus caeruleus - nucleus pigmentosus pontis - substantia ferruginea - uberon - loci coeruleus - locus cinereus - locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) - nucleus loci caerulei - UBERON:0002148 - - - - - locus ceruleus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + glucan metabolism + biological_process + GO:0044042 + glucan metabolic process - - - - - - - - - check ZFA - NIFSTD - - - + - The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. - - GAID:577 - GO:0021703 - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - UMLS:C0023951 - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - UMLS:C0023951 - ncithesaurus:Locus_Coeruleus - - - - - neuronames:583 - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - Noradrenergic cell group A6 - Noradrenergic_cell_group_A6&oldid=981960774 - - - - - blue nucleus - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - locus caeruleus - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - nucleus caeruleus - FMA:72478 - FMA:TA - - - - - - nucleus pigmentosus pontis - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - substantia ferruginea - BIRNLEX:905 - - - - - loci coeruleus - ZFA:0000539 - - - - - - locus cinereus - BTO:0001408 - - - - - locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) - NeuroNames:583 - - - - - nucleus loci caerulei - NeuroNames:583 - + The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. + GOC:jl - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). - - - - - - - - - - - - - BAMS:SSN - BAMS:SuS - BIRNLEX:1131 - DHBA:12435 - EHDAA2:0004646 - EMAPA:37756 - FMA:72482 - HBA:9194 - MA:0001027 - MBA:462 - UMLS:C0175447 - neuronames:590 - superior salivary nucleus - uberon - nucleus salivarius superior - nucleus salivatorius cranialis - nucleus salivatorius rostralis - nucleus salivatorius superior - UBERON:0002149 - - superior salivatory nucleus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray788.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. + biological_process + GO:0044057 + regulation of system process - - - - - - - - - NIFSTD - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). - BIRNLEX:1131 - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - - ABA - - - - - EMAPA:37756 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0175447 - BIRNLEX:1131 - - - - - neuronames:590 - BIRNLEX:1131 - - - - - superior salivary nucleus - GO:0021753 - - - - - nucleus salivarius superior - NeuroNames:590 - - - - - - nucleus salivatorius cranialis - NeuroNames:590 - - - - - - nucleus salivatorius rostralis - NeuroNames:590 - - - - - - nucleus salivatorius superior - NeuroNames:590 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. + GOC:jl - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. - Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] - Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] - Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. - UBERON:0006225 - - - - AAO:0010408 - BTO:0000387 - CALOHA:TS-2075 - EFO:0000821 - EHDAA2:0004153 - EMAPA:17868 - EMAPA:32686 - EV:0100021 - FMA:7280 - GAID:550 - MA:0000076 - MAT:0000455 - MESH:D004699 - NCIT:C13004 - OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw - TAO:0001320 - UMLS:C0014124 - VHOG:0000084 - XAO:0000066 - ZFA:0001320 - galen:Endocardium - endocardial lining - endocardial tissue - heart endocardium - uberon - heart endocardial tissue - UBERON:0002165 - - - - - fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 - endocardium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + biological_process + GO:0044058 + regulation of digestive system process - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - + - The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. - GO:0003157 - - - - - Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001320 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010408 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. - FMA:7280 - - - - - UMLS:C0014124 - ncithesaurus:Endocardium - - - - - endocardial lining - EMAPA:32686 - - - - - endocardial tissue - EMAPA:17868 - - - - - heart endocardial tissue - VHOG:0000084 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Endocardium that is part of the atrium. - - EMAPA:32745 - FMA:7284 - MA:0000077 - TAO:0002169 - VHOG:0000606 - ZFA:0001614 - Cardiac atria endocardium - atrial endocardium - atrium endocardium - atrium of heart endocardium - cardiac atrium endocardium - endocardium of Cardiac atria - endocardium of atrium of heart - endocardium of cardiac atrium - endocardium of heart atrium - heart atrium endocardium - uberon - atrium endocardial tissue - UBERON:0002166 - - - endocardium of atrium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. + regulation of endocrine system process + biological_process + GO:0044060 + regulation of endocrine process - + - Endocardium that is part of the atrium. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Cardiac atria endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - atrium of heart endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac atrium endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of Cardiac atria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of atrium of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of cardiac atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of heart atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart atrium endocardium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - atrium endocardial tissue - VHOG:0000606 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - - - EHDAA2:0001730 - EHDAA:4969 - EMAPA:17661 - FMA:7309 - MA:0000426 - NCIT:C33483 - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225706 - VHOG:0000301 - uberon - UBERON:0002167 - - - right lung - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gray972.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + biological_process + GO:0044062 + regulation of excretion - + - Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. - - FMA:FMA - - - - - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000301 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 - - - - - UMLS:C0225706 - ncithesaurus:Right_Lung + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - - - EHDAA2:0000943 - EHDAA:4947 - EMAPA:17653 - FMA:7310 - MA:0000425 - NCIT:C32967 - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225730 - VHOG:0000618 - uberon - UBERON:0002168 - - - left lung - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Gray973.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. + biological_process + GO:0044065 + regulation of respiratory system process - + - Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. - - FMA:FMA - - - - - Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000618 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. + GO:0071843 + cellular component biogenesis at cellular level + biological_process + GO:0044085 + + cellular component biogenesis + - - - UMLS:C0225730 - ncithesaurus:Left_Lung + + + A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. + biological_process + GO:0044087 + regulation of cellular component biogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea. - - Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - bronchial - In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue - - - - BTO:0001340 - CALOHA:TS-1229 - EFO:0000932 - EMAPA:32689 - EV:0100041 - FMA:7409 - GAID:346 - MA:0000436 - MAT:0000133 - MESH:D001980 - MIAA:0000133 - NCIT:C12683 - UMLS:C0006255 - VHOG:0000262 - XAO:0000121 - bronchi - bronchial trunk - uberon - bronchial tissue - UBERON:0002185 - - - - - bronchus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + regulation of vacuole organisation + biological_process + regulation of vacuole biogenesis + GO:0044088 + regulation of vacuole organization - + - The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea. - ISBN:0-397-51047-0 - MESH:A04.411.125 - MGI:cwg - MP:0002264 - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - - - Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000262 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C0006255 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - bronchi - + regulation of vacuole organisation + GOC:mah - - - bronchial trunk - FMA:7409 - - - + - bronchial tissue - BTO:0001340 + regulation of vacuole biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - The conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching. - bronchiolar - lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer - - - - BTO:0002375 - CALOHA:TS-2003 - EHDAA:8171 - EHDAA:8183 - EHDAA:8199 - EHDAA:8221 - EMAPA:32697 - FMA:7410 - MA:0000422 - MESH:D055745 - NCIT:C12684 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvl9iDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0006270 - VHOG:0000675 - lobular bronchiole - uberon - bronchioli - bronchiolus - UBERON:0002186 - - - bronchiole - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. + biological_process + GO:0044089 + positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis - - - - - - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. + GOC:jl - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ncit - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + positive regulation of vacuole organisation + biological_process + positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis + GO:0044090 + positive regulation of vacuole organization + - + - The conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching. - ISBN:0-397-51047-0 - MGI:cwg - MP:0002267 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer - ISBN:0123813611 - - - - - UMLS:C0006270 - ncithesaurus:Bronchiole - - - + - lobular bronchiole - FMA:7410 - - - - - bronchioli - + positive regulation of vacuole organisation + GOC:mah - + - bronchiolus - BTO:0002375 + positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - The last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls. - - - - - BTO:0003223 - EMAPA:36282 - FMA:7411 - MA:0000424 - NCIT:C33754 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwS7IU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225666 - bronchiolus terminalis - uberon - bronchioli terminalis - terminal bronchiole tube - UBERON:0002187 - - - - terminal bronchiole - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane. + biological_process + GO:0044091 + membrane biogenesis - + - The last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls. - ISBN:0-397-51047-0 - MGI:cwg - MP:0002268 - - - - - UMLS:C0225666 - ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis - - - - - - bronchioli terminalis - - + A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + jl + 2009-04-21T04:07:27Z + biological_process + GO:0044092 + + negative regulation of molecular function + + + + + Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + GO:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. - - the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] - UBERON:0008875 - panniculus adiposus - BTO:0004042 - EMAPA:35829 - FMA:74315 - MA:0000473 - fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue - hypodermis fat layer - panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) - panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae - subcutaneous fat layer - uberon - fatty layer of superficial fascia - subcutaneous fat - UBERON:0002190 - - - subcutaneous adipose tissue + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + jl + 2009-04-21T04:11:06Z + biological_process + GO:0044093 + + positive regulation of molecular function - + - A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. - - - - - - the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] - MP:0011156 - - - - - panniculus adiposus - MP:0011156 - - - - - fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue - FMA:74315 + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + GO:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). + jl + 2009-10-22T02:38:55Z + translation initiation (ternary) complex + Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex + cellular_component + GO:0044207 + translation initiation ternary complex + - - - hypodermis fat layer - MP:0011156 + + + A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + cellular metabolism + biological_process + intermediary metabolism + GO:0044237 + + This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. + cellular metabolic process + - - - panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) - FMA:74315 - FMA:TA - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. + GOC:go_curators - - - panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae - FMA:74315 - FMA:TA - + + + intermediary metabolism + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. + primary metabolism + biological_process + GO:0044238 + + primary metabolic process + - - - subcutaneous fat layer - MP:0011156 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. + GOC:go_curators + http://www.metacyc.org + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + cellular breakdown + cellular catabolism + cellular degradation + biological_process + GO:0044248 + cellular catabolic process + - - - fatty layer of superficial fascia - FMA:74315 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + cellular anabolism + cellular biosynthesis + cellular formation + cellular synthesis + biological_process + GO:0044249 + cellular biosynthetic process + - - - subcutaneous fat - BTO:0004042 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. + GOC:jl - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. - CALOHA:TS-2018 - EHDAA2:0004615 - EMAPA:18765 - FMA:74562 - MA:0000013 - hematolymphoid system - lymphomyeloid complex - uberon - haemolymphoid system - UBERON:0002193 - hemolymphoid system + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas. + intestinal lipid breakdown + intestinal lipid catabolism + intestinal lipid degradation + biological_process + GO:0044258 + intestinal lipid catabolic process - - - - MA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas. + GOC:jl + http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/ + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. + nitrogen compound breakdown + nitrogen compound catabolism + nitrogen compound degradation + biological_process + GO:0044270 + cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process + - + - Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. + nitrogen compound anabolism + nitrogen compound biosynthesis + nitrogen compound formation + nitrogen compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:0044271 + cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. + GOC:jl + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + sulfur compound anabolism + sulfur compound biosynthesis + sulfur compound formation + sulfur compound synthesis + sulfur biosynthesis + sulfur biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0044272 + sulfur compound biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + sulfur compound breakdown + sulfur compound catabolism + sulfur compound degradation + sulfur catabolic process + sulfur catabolism + biological_process + GO:0044273 + sulfur compound catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + jl + 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z + small molecule metabolism + biological_process + GO:0044281 + + + + Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. + small molecule metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + GOC:curators + GOC:pde + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + jl + 2010-01-26T12:06:10Z + small molecule catabolism + biological_process + GO:0044282 + Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. + small molecule catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + GOC:curators + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + jl + 2010-01-26T12:06:49Z + small molecule biosynthesis + biological_process + GO:0044283 + + Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. + small molecule biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. + GOC:curators + GOC:pde + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. - in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. - Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] - Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] - The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - integumental - integumentary - - AAO:0000239 - BTO:0000634 - EMAPA:37504 - FMA:74657 - TAO:0000368 - VSAO:0000029 - ZFA:0000368 - galen:Integument - dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis - integumentum commune - skin and subcutaneous tissue - skin plus hypodermis - the integument - uberon - dermal system - dermoid system - skin - tegument - vertebrate integument - UBERON:0002199 - - - - integument - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - FMA - + + The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. + + jl + 2010-02-05T10:37:16Z + FBbt:00005107 + FMA:67301 + Wikipedia:Cell_body + cell soma + cellular_component + GO:0044297 + Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. + cell body + - + - The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. - - - - - - Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000239 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000029 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000368 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - EMAPA:37504 - MA:th - - - - - integumentum commune - FMA:74657 - FMA:TA - - - - - - the integument - FMA:74657 - - - - - dermal system - BTO:0000634 - - - - - dermoid system - BTO:0000634 - - - - - tegument - BTO:0000634 + The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - EFO:0003656 - FMA:74710 - TAO:0001267 - XAO:0004152 - ZFA:0001267 - adult head vascular network - adult head vasculature - cranial vasculature - head vascular network - vascular network of adult head - vascular network of head - vasculature of adult head - uberon - head vasculature - UBERON:0002200 - - - vasculature of head + The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. + jl + 2010-08-25T01:44:51Z + pancreatic B cell proliferation + pancreatic beta cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0044342 + type B pancreatic cell proliferation - + - Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head vasculature - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular network of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular network of head - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. + GOC:jl + GOC:yaf - + - vasculature of adult head - OBOL:automatic + pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:74712 - TAO:0005024 - ZFA:0005024 - torso vascular network - torso vasculature - trunk vascular network - trunk vasculature - vascular network of torso - vascular network of trunk - vasculature of torso - uberon - UBERON:0002201 - - vasculature of trunk + Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + jl + 2010-09-23T11:33:38Z + fibroblast apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0044346 + fibroblast apoptotic process - + - A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso vasculature - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular network of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular network of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vasculature of torso - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + CL:0000057 + GOC:jl + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a trachea. - - - - BTO:0002115 - EMAPA:35879 - FMA:7472 - MA:0001860 - NCIT:C49307 - UMLS:C0225586 - submucosa of windpipe - trachea submucosa - tracheal submucosa - windpipe submucosa - uberon - submucous layer of trachea - UBERON:0002202 - - - submucosa of trachea + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton. + jl + 2011-12-13T11:43:24Z + protein localisation to cytoskeleton + biological_process + GO:0044380 + protein localization to cytoskeleton - + - A submucosa that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton. + GOC:jl - - - UMLS:C0225586 - ncithesaurus:Trachea_Submucosa - - - + - submucosa of windpipe - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation to cytoskeleton + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20191 + + interaction with another species + interspecies interaction + interspecies interaction between organisms + interspecies interaction with other organisms + biological_process + GO:0044419 + + + + biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms + - - - windpipe submucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. + GOC:cc + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. + jl + 2012-03-29T01:55:18Z + secondary metabolite biosynthesis + biological_process + GO:0044550 + + secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + - - - submucous layer of trachea - BTO:0002115 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - Vasculature that is part of the eye region. - - not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA - - FMA:74743 - TAO:0007057 - ZFA:0007057 - eye vascular network - ocular blood vessel - ocular vasculature - vascular network of eye - uberon - eye vasculature - optic vasculature - UBERON:0002203 - - - - vasculature of eye - - - - - + - - + + - - ISBN:0781772214 - + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. + jl + 2013-03-27T15:09:58Z + microtubule-based flagellum organization + biological_process + GO:0044782 + + + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. + cilium organization + - + - Vasculature that is part of the eye region. - - OBOL:automatic - - - - - not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA - ZFA - - - - - eye vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ocular blood vessel - ZFA:0007057 - - - - - vascular network of eye - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. + GOC:cilia + GOC:jl - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell. + GO:0006947 + cell fusion + cell-cell fusion + biological_process + GO:0045026 + plasma membrane fusion + + + + + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell. + GOC:elh + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. + biological_process + GO:0045132 + meiotic chromosome segregation + + + + + The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:ai + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. + biological_process + GO:0045137 + development of primary sexual characteristics + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. - Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] - There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] - musculoskeletal - - - - - AAO:0010546 - CALOHA:TS-1311 - EMAPA:32714 - EV:0100139 - FMA:7482 - GAID:98 - MA:0002418 - MESH:D009141 - NCIT:C12754 - OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g - UMLS:C0026860 - VHOG:0001275 - VSAO:0000031 - XAO:0000168 - musculo-skeletal system - uberon - UBERON:0002204 - - musculoskeletal system + The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390 + biological_process + GO:0045165 + Note that this term was 'cell fate determination' but the term name was changed to better match its existing definition and the child term 'cell fate determination; GO:0001709' was also created. + cell fate commitment - - - - - - - - - check ctenophore - - - + - Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. - - VSAO:0000031 - VSAO:curator - - - - - Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010546 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001275 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21246 Shearman RM, Burke AC, The lateral somitic frontier in ontogeny and phylogeny. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2009) - - - - - UMLS:C0026860 - ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System + The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate. + ISBN:0716731185 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. - - - EMAPA:36581 - FMA:7496 - MA:0000320 - TAO:0005155 - ZFA:0005155 - articulatio cartilaginea - uberon - junctura cartilaginea - UBERON:0002213 - - - cartilaginous joint + Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. + cell fate commitment, cell-cell signaling + cell fate commitment, cell-cell signalling + cell-cell signaling during in cell fate commitment + cell-cell signaling resulting in cell fate commitment + cell-cell signalling during cell fate commitment + cell-cell signalling resulting in cell fate commitment + cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification + biological_process + GO:0045168 + cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment - - - - FMA - - - + - Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. - - FMA:FMA + Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - - - junctura cartilaginea - - + + + cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. - Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] - - - AEO:0000183 - CALOHA:TS-2138 - EHDAA2:0003183 - FMA:7501 - MA:0000322 - NCIT:C32461 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005153 - ZFA:0005153 - galen:SynovialJoint - articulatio synoviale - diarthroses - diarthrosis - diarthrosis joint - uberon - diarthrodial joints - UBERON:0002217 - - - - synovial joint + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. + establishment of protein localisation + protein positioning + protein recruitment + biological_process + GO:0045184 + establishment of protein localization - + - Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. - - FMA:7501 - - - - - Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005153 - TAO - ZFIN:Curator + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. + GOC:bf - + - diarthroses - ZFA:0005153 - + establishment of protein localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. + GO:0043339 + GO:0043342 + establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity + biological_process + GO:0045196 + establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity + - - - diarthrodial joints - ZFA:0005153 - + + + Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. + GOC:bf + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_sensu + PMID:19375318 + PMID:20066083 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. + GO:0043340 + GO:0043343 + establishment of neuroblast cell polarity + biological_process + GO:0045200 + establishment of neuroblast polarity + + + + + The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. + GOC:bf + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. - In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities - - - - EMAPA:36497 - FMA:7565 - GAID:93 - MA:0000032 - MESH:D035423 - NCIT:C12905 - OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg - OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0230139 - cavitas thoracis - cavity of chest - cavity of thorax - chest cavity - pectoral cavity - space of thoracic compartment - thoracic lumen - uberon - UBERON:0002224 - - - thoracic cavity - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray846.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. + NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 + Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse + synaptic junction + mixed synapse + cellular_component + electrotonic synapse + GO:0045202 + + + + + + + synapse - + - The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. - - UBERON:cjm - - - - - UMLS:C0230139 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Cavity + The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. + GOC:aruk + ISBN:0198506732 + PMID:24619342 + PMID:29383328 + PMID:31998110 - - - cavitas thoracis - - + + + mixed synapse + NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497 - - - space of thoracic compartment - FMA:7565 + + + electrotonic synapse + NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124 - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + GO:0006938 + sarcomere alignment + sarcomere organisation + biological_process + GO:0045214 + sarcomere organization + + + + + The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). - TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? - - Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010151 - BAMS:SP - BAMS:Spinal - BIRNLEX:1709 - BM:SpC - BTO:0001279 - CALOHA:TS-0953 - DHBA:12890 - DMBA:17651 - EFO:0000110 - EHDAA2:0001255 - EHDAA:2863 - EMAPA:17577 - EV:0100316 - FMA:7647 - GAID:695 - MA:0000216 - MAT:0000183 - MESH:D013116 - MIAA:0000183 - NCIT:C12464 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000075 - UMLS:C0037925 - VHOG:0000601 - XAO:0000020 - ZFA:0000075 - neuronames:22 - uberon - SpC - cerebro-cerebellar fissure - cerebrocerebellar fissure - fissura cerebro-cerebellaris - fissura cerebrocerebellaris - medulla spinalis - spinal cord structure - spinal medulla - UBERON:0002240 - - - - - - - - spinal cord - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Spinal_cord_direv.svg + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. + cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance + cell-cell junction organisation + intercellular junction assembly and maintenance + biological_process + cell-cell junction biogenesis + GO:0045216 + cell-cell junction organization - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - definitional + + + cell-cell junction organisation + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - definitional - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions. + CD4 anabolism + CD4 biosynthesis + CD4 formation + CD4 synthesis + biological_process + GO:0045222 + CD4 biosynthetic process + - + - Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). - BIRNLEX:1709 - - - - - - ZFA - - pending - - - - - Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010151 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000601 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 - - - - - UMLS:C0037925 - BIRNLEX:1709 - - - - - UMLS:C0037925 - ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord - - - - - neuronames:22 - BIRNLEX:1709 - - - - - SpC - - - - - - cerebro-cerebellar fissure - NeuroNames:22 - - - - - cerebrocerebellar fissure - NeuroNames:22 - - - - - fissura cerebro-cerebellaris - NeuroNames:22 - - - - - - fissura cerebrocerebellaris - NeuroNames:22 - - - - - - medulla spinalis - - - - - - - medulla spinalis - BTO:0001279 - - - - - spinal cord structure - ZFA:0000075 - - - - - spinal medulla - BTO:0001279 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions. + GOC:go_curators + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. - we follow the standard evolutionary classification and treat this as endoskeletal. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes parts of the dermatocranium (e.g. frontal, parietal) - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO] - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO] - chondrocranial - covers the brain dorsally in chondrichthyans - - AAO:0010169 - EHDAA2:0000243 - EMAPA:17681 - TAO:0001424 - VHOG:0000288 - ZFA:0001424 - uberon - calvarium - neurocranium - UBERON:0002241 - - chondrocranium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + regulation of CD4 anabolism + regulation of CD4 biosynthesis + regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + regulation of CD4 formation + regulation of CD4 synthesis + biological_process + GO:0045223 + regulation of CD4 production - + - Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. - - - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010169 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001424 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + positive regulation of CD4 anabolism + positive regulation of CD4 biosynthesis + positive regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + positive regulation of CD4 formation + positive regulation of CD4 synthesis + up regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + up-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + upregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + activation of CD4 biosynthetic process + stimulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0045224 + positive regulation of CD4 production + - - - calvarium - MA:0000317 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + down regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + down-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + downregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + negative regulation of CD4 anabolism + negative regulation of CD4 biosynthesis + negative regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process + negative regulation of CD4 formation + negative regulation of CD4 synthesis + inhibition of CD4 biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0045225 + negative regulation of CD4 production + - - - neurocranium - MA:0000317 - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). - this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation. - It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. - FMA has a spinal cord reticular formation but we follow NNs (classical) to restrict this to brainstem structures. This means we also include the MA class for brainstem reticular formation here. FMA has subtypes of reticular formation but we treat this as a composite structure - - - BAMS:RET - EMAPA:35188 - FMA:77719 - MA:0003185 - MESH:D012154 - NLX:143558 - neuronames:1223 - brain stem reticular formation - brainstem reticular formation - reticular formation (classical) - reticular formation of the brainstem - uberon - UBERON:0002275 - - reticular formation - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Gray701.png + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell. + external encapsulating structure organisation + external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis + biological_process + GO:0045229 + + external encapsulating structure organization - + - A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). - NeuroNames:1223 - - - - - FMA has a spinal cord reticular formation but we follow NNs (classical) to restrict this to brainstem structures. This means we also include the MA class for brainstem reticular formation here. FMA has subtypes of reticular formation but we treat this as a composite structure - FMA - - - - - brain stem reticular formation - NeuroNames:1223 - - - - - brainstem reticular formation - MA:0003185 - - - - - brainstem reticular formation - NeuroNames:1223 - - - - - reticular formation (classical) - NeuroNames:1223 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - reticular formation of the brainstem - NeuroNames:1223 + external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. + adipocyte cell differentiation + adipocyte differentiation + adipose cell differentiation + biological_process + adipogenesis + GO:0045444 + fat cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. + CL:0000136 + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. + myoblast cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045445 + myoblast differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). - - - - FMA:79646 - GAID:279 - MA:0001273 - MESH:D001659 - NCIT:C12678 - biliary apparatus - uberon - biliary tract - UBERON:0002294 - - - biliary system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. + biological_process + GO:0045446 + endothelial cell differentiation - + - Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). - - - - - - biliary apparatus - FMA:79646 - - - - - biliary tract - FMA:79646 - MA:0001273 + The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. + CL:0000115 + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. + biological_process + GO:0045595 + regulation of cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. - The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] - - - EHDAA2:0004560 - EHDAA:3019 - EHDAA:3033 - EHDAA:3921 - EHDAA:3934 - EHDAA:3957 - EHDAA:3971 - FMA:79795 - TAO:0005130 - ZFA:0005130 - uberon - dorsal mesogastrium - mesenterium dorsale commune - UBERON:0002296 - - - dorsal mesentery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray985.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. + down regulation of cell differentiation + down-regulation of cell differentiation + downregulation of cell differentiation + inhibition of cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045596 + negative regulation of cell differentiation - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. + up regulation of cell differentiation + up-regulation of cell differentiation + upregulation of cell differentiation + activation of cell differentiation + stimulation of cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045597 + positive regulation of cell differentiation + - + - The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. - - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005130 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - dorsal mesogastrium - - - - - - mesenterium dorsale commune - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation + regulation of adipocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045598 + regulation of fat cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + down regulation of fat cell differentiation + down-regulation of fat cell differentiation + downregulation of fat cell differentiation + negative regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation + negative regulation of adipocyte differentiation + inhibition of fat cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045599 + negative regulation of fat cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + positive regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation + positive regulation of adipocyte differentiation + up regulation of fat cell differentiation + up-regulation of fat cell differentiation + upregulation of fat cell differentiation + activation of fat cell differentiation + stimulation of fat cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045600 + positive regulation of fat cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0045601 + regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. - - - - Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] - Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. - the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] - - - - BAMS:BS - BIRNLEX:1565 - BTO:0000146 - CALOHA:TS-0093 - EFO:0001962 - EMAPA:32678 - EV:0100241 - FMA:79876 - MA:0000169 - MBA:343 - MESH:D001933 - NCIT:C12441 - TAO:0002156 - UMLS:C0006121 - VHOG:0001457 - ZFA:0001707 - neuronames:236 - brain stem - truncus encephali - uberon - accessory medullary lamina of pallidum - lamella pallidi incompleta - lamina medullaris accessoria - lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi - lamina pallidi incompleta - truncus encephalicus - UBERON:0002298 - - - - - 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). - brainstem - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + down regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + down-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + downregulation of endothelial cell differentiation + inhibition of endothelial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045602 + negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation - - - - ZFA - - - + - Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. - - ISBN:0471888893 - MP:0005277 - ZFA:0001707 - - - - - - we apply a strict definition - - - - - - ZFA - - ABA - pending - - - - - - we apply a strict definition - - - - - Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002156 - TAO - ISBN:3764351209 - - - - - Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. - ZFA:0001707 - - - - - the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] - MP:0005277 - - - - - UMLS:C0006121 - BIRNLEX:1565 - - - - - UMLS:C0006121 - ncithesaurus:Brain_Stem - - - - - neuronames:236 - BIRNLEX:1565 - - - - - brain stem - ABA:BS - - - - - truncus encephali - - - - - - - accessory medullary lamina of pallidum - NeuroNames:236 - - - - - lamella pallidi incompleta - NeuroNames:236 - - - - - - lamina medullaris accessoria - NeuroNames:236 - - - - - - lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi - NeuroNames:236 - - - - - - lamina pallidi incompleta - NeuroNames:236 - - - - - - truncus encephalicus - BTO:0000146 - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + up regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + up-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + upregulation of endothelial cell differentiation + activation of endothelial cell differentiation + stimulation of endothelial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045603 + positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] - - EFO:0003087 - EMAPA:32746 - FMA:83509 - MA:0000081 - TAO:0001374 - VHOG:0000602 - ZFA:0001374 - atrial myocardium - atrium myocardium - uberon - atrium cardiac muscle - UBERON:0002302 - - - - myocardium of atrium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + biological_process + regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GO:0045604 + regulation of epidermal cell differentiation - + - The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010493 - - - - - As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000602 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 - - - - - atrial myocardium - ZFA:0001374 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - atrium cardiac muscle - VHOG:0000602 + regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. - - - EMAPA:35185 - FMA:83840 - MA:0000811 - NCIT:C49346 - UMLS:C1706993 - ZFA:0005575 - brain nucleus - uberon - brain nuclei - UBERON:0002308 - nucleus of brain + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + down regulation of epidermal cell differentiation + down-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation + downregulation of epidermal cell differentiation + inhibition of epidermal cell differentiation + biological_process + negative regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GO:0045605 + negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation - + - A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. - - - - - - UMLS:C1706993 - ncithesaurus:Brain_Nucleus + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - brain nuclei - ZFA:0005575 - + negative regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - - - - + + - The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. - - - BAMS:Scgrey - DHBA:146035048 - EMAPA:35792 - FMA:256580 - MA:0000002 - NCIT:C32696 - NLXANAT:100204 - UMLS:C0475853 - neuronames:2619 - gray matter of spinal cord - gray substance of spinal cord - grey matter of spinal cord - grey substance of spinal cord - spinal cord gray matter - spinal cord grey matter - spinal cord grey substance - substantia grisea medullae spinalis - uberon - UBERON:0002315 - - gray matter of spinal cord + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + up regulation of epidermal cell differentiation + up-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation + upregulation of epidermal cell differentiation + activation of epidermal cell differentiation + stimulation of epidermal cell differentiation + biological_process + positive regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GO:0045606 + positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation - + - The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. - MP:0008503 - - - - - UMLS:C0475853 - ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - - - gray matter of spinal cord - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gray substance of spinal cord - FMA:256580 - - - - - spinal cord gray matter - OBOL:automatic - - - - - spinal cord grey substance - OBOL:automatic - - - - - substantia grisea medullae spinalis - FMA:256580 - FMA:TA - + + + positive regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0045637 + regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation + inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045638 + negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation + activation of myeloid cell differentiation + stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045639 + positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. - check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct - Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. - The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. - In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities - UBERON:0000169 - body cavity - - - AEO:0000186 - BTO:0001707 - EHDAA2:0000267 - FBbt:00005060 - FMA:85006 - NCIT:C25444 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 - TAO:0001438 - UMLS:C0333343 - ZFA:0001438 - galen:BodyCavity - coelomic cavity - coelomic cavity lumen - main body cavity - space of body compartment - ventral body cavity - uberon - celom - coelom - coelome - hemocoel - UBERON:0002323 - - - coelemic cavity lumen + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + regulation of RBC differentiation + regulation of red blood cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045646 + regulation of erythrocyte differentiation - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. - BTO:0001707 - - - - - Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. - 2012-09-12 - ZFA:0001438 - ZFA - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. - 2012-09-12 - BTO:0001707 - BTO - BTO - - - - - body cavity - BTO:0001707 - - - - - UMLS:C0333343 - ncithesaurus:Cavity - - - - - coelomic cavity - EHDAA2:0000267 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - coelomic cavity lumen - EHDAA2:0000267 + regulation of RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - space of body compartment - FMA:85006 - - - - - ventral body cavity - NCBITaxon:7742 + regulation of red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation + down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation + downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation + negative regulation of RBC differentiation + negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation + inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045647 + negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation + - - - celom - BTO:0001707 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - - - coelome - BTO:0001707 + + + negative regulation of RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - - - hemocoel - FBbt:00005060 + + + negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35161 - FMA:85216 - MA:0000496 - back muscle - back muscle organ - muscle organ of back - uberon - UBERON:0002324 - muscle of back + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + positive regulation of RBC differentiation + positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation + up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation + up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation + upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation + activation of erythrocyte differentiation + stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045648 + positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation - - - - - - - - - prolog - - - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - back muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of RBC differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - muscle organ of back - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation + CL:0000232 - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0045652 + regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + down regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + down-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + downregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045653 + negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + up regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + up-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + upregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + activation of megakaryocyte differentiation + stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045654 + positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + biological_process + GO:0045661 + regulation of myoblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + down regulation of myoblast differentiation + down-regulation of myoblast differentiation + downregulation of myoblast differentiation + inhibition of myoblast differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045662 + negative regulation of myoblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + up regulation of myoblast differentiation + up-regulation of myoblast differentiation + upregulation of myoblast differentiation + activation of myoblast differentiation + stimulation of myoblast differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045663 + positive regulation of myoblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:go_curators + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. - Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] - Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] - relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - notochordal - In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. - - - - - - - AAO:0000327 - BTO:0001768 - CALOHA:TS-0690 - EHDAA2:0001277 - EHDAA:1241 - EHDAA:6021 - EMAPA:16191 - EV:0100002 - FMA:85521 - GAID:1311 - MAT:0000281 - MESH:D009672 - NCIT:C12463 - TAO:0000135 - UMLS:C0028439 - VHOG:0000199 - VSAO:0000032 - XAO:0000055 - ZFA:0000135 - embryonic notocord - notocord - uberon - notochorda - UBERON:0002328 - - - - The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] - notochord - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0045664 + regulation of neuron differentiation - - - - - - - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. - - - - - ISBN:0815318960 - - - - - Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000032 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000135 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000327 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000327 - AAO - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000199 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 - - - - - UMLS:C0028439 - ncithesaurus:Notochord - - - - - notocord - ZFA:0000135 - - - - - notochorda - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + down regulation of neuron differentiation + down-regulation of neuron differentiation + downregulation of neuron differentiation + inhibition of neuron differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045665 + negative regulation of neuron differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + up regulation of neuron differentiation + up-regulation of neuron differentiation + upregulation of neuron differentiation + activation of neuron differentiation + stimulation of neuron differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045666 + positive regulation of neuron differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. - currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk - - Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] - Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] - relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] - relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] - (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - somitic - mesodermal cluster - - - AAO:0010569 - AEO:0001015 - BTO:0001558 - EHDAA2:0003436 - EHDAA:366 - EHDAA:699 - EMAPA:31169 - FMA:85522 - GAID:1306 - MAT:0000068 - MESH:D019170 - MIAA:0000068 - NCIT:C34302 - TAO:0000155 - UMLS:C0376449 - VHOG:0000191 - XAO:0000058 - ZFA:0000155 - uberon - epimere - epimere mesoderm - epithelial somite - somites - somitic mesoderm - somitus - UBERON:0002329 - - - - When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] - somite - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + regulation of epidermal development + biological_process + regulation of hypodermis development + GO:0045682 + regulation of epidermis development - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - GOTAX:0000352 + + + regulation of hypodermis development + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + down regulation of epidermis development + down-regulation of epidermis development + downregulation of epidermis development + negative regulation of epidermal development + inhibition of epidermis development + biological_process + negative regulation of hypodermis development + GO:0045683 + negative regulation of epidermis development + - + - Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010569 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000155 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000155 - TAO - - - - - relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000155 - TAO - - - - - relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010569 - AAO - - - - - (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000191 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.40, DOI:10.1093/icb/43.1.137 Balavoine G, Adoutte A, The segmented urbilateria: a testable scenario. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2003) - - - - - mesodermal cluster - GO:0001756 - - - - - UMLS:C0376449 - ncithesaurus:Somite - - - - - epimere - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - epithelial somite - - - - - - somites - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + GOC:go_curators - + - somitus - - + negative regulation of hypodermis development + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. - - - CALOHA:TS-2057 - EHDAA2:0002225 - EMAPA:35329 - FMA:85539 - MA:0002411 - NCIT:C12957 - UMLS:C1516995 - WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system - exocrine glandular system - uberon - UBERON:0002330 - - - exocrine system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + positive regulation of epidermal development + up regulation of epidermis development + up-regulation of epidermis development + upregulation of epidermis development + activation of epidermis development + stimulation of epidermis development + biological_process + positive regulation of hypodermis development + GO:0045684 + positive regulation of epidermis development - + - Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. - - - - - - UMLS:C1516995 - ncithesaurus:Exocrine_System + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. + GOC:go_curators - - - exocrine glandular system - EHDAA2:0002225 + + + positive regulation of hypodermis development + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + regulation of glia cell differentiation + regulation of neuroglia differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045685 + regulation of glial cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + down regulation of glial cell differentiation + down-regulation of glial cell differentiation + downregulation of glial cell differentiation + negative regulation of glia cell differentiation + negative regulation of neuroglia differentiation + inhibition of glial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045686 + negative regulation of glial cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. - - An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] - As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001576 - EHDAA:9831 - EMAPA:17015 - FMA:8612 - MA:0002033 - NCIT:C116918 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0001134 - galen:PulmonaryTrunk - pulmonary artery (trunk) - trunk of pulmonary arterial tree - uberon - main pulmonary artery - UBERON:0002333 - - - - - pulmonary trunk - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + positive regulation of glia cell differentiation + positive regulation of neuroglia differentiation + up regulation of glial cell differentiation + up-regulation of glial cell differentiation + upregulation of glial cell differentiation + activation of glial cell differentiation + stimulation of glial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0045687 + positive regulation of glial cell differentiation - - - - MA - - - + - An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. - - - - - - An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001134 - VHOG - - - - - - - As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001134 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 - - - - - main pulmonary artery - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + down regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + down-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + downregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + negative regulation of glycogen anabolism + negative regulation of glycogen biosynthesis + negative regulation of glycogen formation + negative regulation of glycogen synthesis + inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0045719 + negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35194 - FMA:86619 - MA:0001836 - NCIT:C49212 - UMLS:C1707054 - bronchi lamina propria - bronchi lamina propria mucosa - bronchi lamina propria mucosae - bronchial trunk lamina propria - bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa - bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae - bronchus lamina propria - bronchus lamina propria mucosa - bronchus lamina propria mucosae - lamina propria mucosa of bronchi - lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk - lamina propria mucosa of bronchus - lamina propria mucosae of bronchi - lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk - lamina propria mucosae of bronchus - lamina propria of bronchi - lamina propria of bronchial trunk - uberon - bronchial lamina propria - UBERON:0002338 - lamina propria of bronchus + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. + down regulation of gluconeogenesis + down-regulation of gluconeogenesis + downregulation of gluconeogenesis + inhibition of gluconeogenesis + biological_process + GO:0045721 + negative regulation of gluconeogenesis - - - - - - - - - true - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. + up regulation of gluconeogenesis + up-regulation of gluconeogenesis + upregulation of gluconeogenesis + activation of gluconeogenesis + stimulation of gluconeogenesis + biological_process + GO:0045722 + positive regulation of gluconeogenesis + - + - A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. + positive regulation of flagellum assembly + up regulation of cilium assembly + up-regulation of cilium assembly + upregulation of cilium assembly + activation of cilium assembly + stimulation of cilium assembly + biological_process + positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis + GO:0045724 + positive regulation of cilium assembly + - - - UMLS:C1707054 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Lamina_Propria + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. + GOC:cilia + GOC:go_curators - - - bronchi lamina propria - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + positive regulation of glycogen anabolism + positive regulation of glycogen biosynthesis + positive regulation of glycogen formation + positive regulation of glycogen synthesis + up regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + up-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + upregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + activation of glycogen biosynthetic process + stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0045725 + positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process + - - - bronchi lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GO:0045946 + positive regulation of protein anabolism + positive regulation of protein biosynthesis + positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process + positive regulation of protein formation + positive regulation of protein synthesis + up regulation of protein biosynthetic process + up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process + upregulation of protein biosynthetic process + activation of protein biosynthetic process + stimulation of protein biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0045727 + positive regulation of translation + + + + + - - - bronchi lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - bronchial trunk lamina propria - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - + - bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:1903364 + GO:2000600 + positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown + positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism + positive regulation of cellular protein degradation + positive regulation of protein breakdown + positive regulation of protein catabolism + positive regulation of protein degradation + up regulation of cellular protein breakdown + up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + up regulation of cellular protein catabolism + up regulation of cellular protein degradation + up regulation of protein catabolic process + up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown + up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism + up-regulation of cellular protein degradation + up-regulation of protein catabolic process + upregulation of cellular protein breakdown + upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process + upregulation of cellular protein catabolism + upregulation of cellular protein degradation + upregulation of protein catabolic process + activation of cellular protein breakdown + activation of cellular protein catabolic process + activation of cellular protein catabolism + activation of cellular protein degradation + activation of protein catabolic process + positive regulation of cyclin breakdown + positive regulation of cyclin catabolic process + positive regulation of cyclin catabolism + positive regulation of cyclin degradation + positive regulation of degradation of cyclin + stimulation of protein catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045732 + positive regulation of protein catabolic process + - - - bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. + GOC:go_curators - + - bronchus lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - bronchus lamina propria mucosae - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosa of bronchi - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosa of bronchus - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosae of bronchi - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosae of bronchus - OBOL:automatic + up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria of bronchi - OBOL:automatic + up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial lamina propria - EMAPA:35194 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. - consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). - - A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] - A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] - We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0010578 - BTO:0001764 - CALOHA:TS-0676 - EHDAA2:0004419 - EMAPA:32737 - FMA:86666 - GAID:1310 - MAT:0000066 - MESH:D009432 - MIAA:0000066 - NCIT:C34222 - TAO:0000045 - UMLS:C0027789 - VHOG:0000057 - XAO:0000048 - ZFA:0000045 - neuronames:1366 - NC - uberon - crista neuralis - neural crest material - UBERON:0002342 - - - - Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. - neural crest - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray644.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png - - - - - - - - - - - - XAO - - - - - - - - - - - Hall and others restrict NC to vertebrates but we opt for a less restrictive constraint to avoid inconsistencies when areas such as P1 area of pallium in hagfishes inherit cell lineage from telecephalon-contributing NC cells - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - - - - - - - BTO + up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + up-regulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - pre migratory https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + upregulation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. - MP:0009846 + + + upregulation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + upregulation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000045 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + activation of cellular protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010578 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + activation of cellular protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] - + + + activation of cellular protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000057 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK, Gillis JA, Incremental evolution of the neural crest, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012) + + + activation of cellular protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0027789 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest + + + positive regulation of cyclin breakdown + GOC:obol - - - NC - XAO:0000048 - + + + positive regulation of cyclin catabolism + GOC:obol - - - crista neuralis - - + + + positive regulation of cyclin degradation + GOC:obol - - - neural crest material - VHOG:0000057 + + + positive regulation of degradation of cyclin + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Set of all muscles in abdomen. - distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature - FMA:71294 - FMA:86917 - TAO:0001327 - ZFA:0001327 - abdominal musculature - muscle group of abdomen - muscles of abdomen - musculature of abdomen - musculature of abdominal wall - set of muscles of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0002343 - - - abdomen musculature + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + GO:0019663 + acetate breakdown + acetate catabolism + acetate degradation + biological_process + homoacetate catabolic process + GO:0045733 + acetate catabolic process - + - Set of all muscles in abdomen. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle group of abdomen - FMA:71294 - - - - - muscles of abdomen - FMA:71294 - - - - - musculature of abdominal wall - FMA:86917 - - - - - set of muscles of abdomen - FMA:71294 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + regulation of acetate breakdown + regulation of acetate catabolism + regulation of acetate degradation + biological_process + GO:0045734 + regulation of acetate catabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate. + down regulation of acetate catabolic process + down-regulation of acetate catabolic process + downregulation of acetate catabolic process + negative regulation of acetate breakdown + negative regulation of acetate catabolism + negative regulation of acetate degradation + inhibition of acetate catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045753 + negative regulation of acetate catabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. - - - EFO:0002527 - EMAPA:18605 - FMA:87217 - MA:0002572 - uberon - UBERON:0002345 - - - - descending thoracic aorta + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate. + positive regulation of acetate breakdown + positive regulation of acetate catabolism + positive regulation of acetate degradation + up regulation of acetate catabolic process + up-regulation of acetate catabolic process + upregulation of acetate catabolic process + activation of acetate catabolic process + stimulation of acetate catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045754 + positive regulation of acetate catabolic process - + - The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. - MP:0009868 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + down regulation of action potential + down-regulation of action potential + downregulation of action potential + inhibition of action potential + biological_process + GO:0045759 + negative regulation of action potential + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + up regulation of action potential + up-regulation of action potential + upregulation of action potential + activation of action potential + stimulation of action potential + biological_process + GO:0045760 + positive regulation of action potential + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. - (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] - neurectodermal - we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here - - - AAO:0011074 - BILA:0000039 - CALOHA:TS-1212 - EHDAA2:0001248 - EHDAA:1498 - EHDAA:255 - EMAPA:16073 - EV:0100004 - FBbt:00001057 - FMA:87657 - MAT:0000176 - MIAA:0000176 - NCIT:C34228 - TAO:0001120 - UMLS:C1518271 - VHOG:0000150 - XAO:0000042 - ZFA:0001120 - neural ectoderm - neuroectoderm - uberon - epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma - neuaral ectoderm - presumptive central nervous system - ventral neurogenic region - UBERON:0002346 - - - neurectoderm + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. + down regulation of amino acid metabolic process + down-regulation of amino acid metabolic process + downregulation of amino acid metabolic process + negative regulation of amino acid metabolism + inhibition of amino acid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045763 + negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. + positive regulation of amino acid metabolism + positive regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process + up regulation of amino acid metabolic process + up-regulation of amino acid metabolic process + upregulation of amino acid metabolic process + activation of amino acid metabolic process + stimulation of amino acid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045764 + positive regulation of amino acid metabolic process + - + - Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. - - - - - - (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000150 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) - - - - - UMLS:C1518271 - ncithesaurus:Neuroectoderm - - - - - epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma - - - - - - - ventral neurogenic region - VHOG:0000150 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. + biological_process + GO:0045765 + regulation of angiogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. + up regulation of angiogenesis + up-regulation of angiogenesis + upregulation of angiogenesis + activation of angiogenesis + stimulation of angiogenesis + biological_process + GO:0045766 + positive regulation of angiogenesis + + + + + Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. - Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. In humans, they are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs - - - - EMAPA:18011 - FMA:9139 - GAID:244 - MA:0000314 - MESH:D013904 - NCIT:C12798 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvdZIBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0039987 - dorsal vertebra - thorax vertebra - vertebra of thorax - vertebra thoracica - uberon - UBERON:0002347 - - - thoracic vertebra - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + down regulation of asymmetric cell division + down-regulation of asymmetric cell division + downregulation of asymmetric cell division + inhibition of asymmetric cell division + biological_process + GO:0045769 + negative regulation of asymmetric cell division - + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0039987 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vertebra - - - - - thorax vertebra - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebra of thorax - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + up regulation of asymmetric cell division + up-regulation of asymmetric cell division + upregulation of asymmetric cell division + activation of asymmetric cell division + stimulation of asymmetric cell division + biological_process + GO:0045770 + positive regulation of asymmetric cell division + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + positive regulation of bone biosynthesis + positive regulation of bone formation + up regulation of ossification + up-regulation of ossification + upregulation of ossification + activation of ossification + stimulation of ossification + biological_process + GO:0045778 + positive regulation of ossification + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + down regulation of progression through cell cycle + down-regulation of progression through cell cycle + downregulation of progression through cell cycle + negative regulation of cell cycle progression + negative regulation of progression through cell cycle + inhibition of progression through cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0045786 + negative regulation of cell cycle + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. - TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. - - External layer of the heart.[TAO] - The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] - The visceral pericardium apparently produces the pericardial fluid, which lubricates motion between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. During ventricular contraction, the wave of depolarization moves from endocardial to epicardial surface. [Wikipedia:Epicardium] - - - AAO:0010409 - EHDAA2:0002202 - FMA:9461 - NCIT:C13164 - TAO:0005057 - UMLS:C0225968 - VHOG:0000119 - XAO:0000316 - ZFA:0005057 - galen:Epicardium - heart epicardium - visceral serous pericardium of heart - visceral serous pericardium proper - uberon - pericardium visceral mesothelium - UBERON:0002348 - - - - - epicardium + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + positive regulation of cell cycle progression + positive regulation of progression through cell cycle + up regulation of progression through cell cycle + up-regulation of progression through cell cycle + upregulation of progression through cell cycle + activation of progression through cell cycle + stimulation of progression through cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0045787 + positive regulation of cell cycle - - - - - - - - - multiple + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + GOC:go_curators - - - - - - - - - FMA-inferred + + + positive regulation of progression through cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + down regulation of glycogen catabolic process + down-regulation of glycogen catabolic process + downregulation of glycogen catabolic process + negative regulation of glycogen breakdown + negative regulation of glycogen catabolism + negative regulation of glycogen degradation + negative regulation of glycogenolysis + inhibition of glycogen catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045818 + negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process + - + - A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. - - - - - - External layer of the heart.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005057 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010409 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - UMLS:C0225968 - ncithesaurus:Epicardium - - - - - visceral serous pericardium of heart - FMA:9461 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators - + - visceral serous pericardium proper - FMA:9461 - - - - - pericardium visceral mesothelium - EMAPA:16589 + negative regulation of glycogenolysis + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - - - - - - The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. - TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium - Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] - myocardial - - - - AAO:0010410 - BSA:0000089 - BTO:0000901 - CALOHA:TS-0440 - EFO:0000819 - EHDAA2:0004150 - EMAPA:32688 - EV:0100022 - FMA:9462 - GAID:173 - MA:0000164 - MAT:0000453 - MESH:D009206 - NCIT:C12371 - OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 - TAO:0001319 - UMLS:C0027061 - VHOG:0000083 - XAO:0000065 - ZFA:0001319 - galen:Myocardium - heart myocardium - muscle of heart - uberon - cardiac muscle - heart muscle - UBERON:0002349 - - - - - myocardium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + positive regulation of glycogen breakdown + positive regulation of glycogen catabolism + positive regulation of glycogen degradation + positive regulation of glycogenolysis + up regulation of glycogen catabolic process + up-regulation of glycogen catabolic process + upregulation of glycogen catabolic process + activation of glycogen catabolic process + stimulation of glycogen catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045819 + positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process - + - The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0005329 - - - - - Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000083 - VHOG - - - - - - The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010410 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - UMLS:C0027061 - ncithesaurus:Myocardium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. + GOC:go_curators - + - muscle of heart - FMA:9462 - - - - - cardiac muscle - ZFA:0001319 - - - - - heart muscle - FMA:9462 - - - - - heart muscle - ZFA:0001319 + positive regulation of glycogenolysis + GOC:sl - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. - EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue - The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] - - EFO:0003909 - EHDAA2:0004185 - EMAPA:35428 - EV:0100025 - FMA:9476 - MA:0000094 - MESH:D006329 - TAO:0005063 - VHOG:0001271 - ZFA:0005063 - cardiac conducting system - cardiac conduction system - cardiac impulse conducting system - cardionector - complexus stimulans cordis - heart conduction system - impulse conducting system - systema conducente cordis - uberon - central conduction system - UBERON:0002350 - - - - conducting system of heart + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. + down regulation of heart contraction + down-regulation of heart contraction + downregulation of heart contraction + inhibition of heart contraction + biological_process + negative regulation of cardiac contraction + GO:0045822 + negative regulation of heart contraction - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. - GO:0003161 - - - - - The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001271 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003) - - - - - cardiac conducting system - VHOG:0001271 - - - - - cardiac impulse conducting system - GO:0003161 - - - - - complexus stimulans cordis - FMA:9476 - FMA:TA - - - - - - heart conduction system - GO:0003161 - - - - - impulse conducting system - MA:0000094 - - - - - systema conducente cordis - FMA:9476 - FMA:TA - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. + positive regulation of cardiac contraction + up regulation of heart contraction + up-regulation of heart contraction + upregulation of heart contraction + activation of heart contraction + stimulation of heart contraction + biological_process + GO:0045823 + positive regulation of heart contraction + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. - pelvic - MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs - - - - BTO:0001006 - CALOHA:TS-2227 - EFO:0002805 - EMAPA:35931 - EV:0100012 - FMA:9578 - GAID:87 - MA:0000030 - MESH:D010388 - NCIT:C12767 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0030797 - galen:Pelvis - lesser pelvis - pelvic region - pelvis - pelvis region - true pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0002355 - - - - pelvic region of trunk + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + down regulation of lipid metabolic process + down-regulation of lipid metabolic process + downregulation of lipid metabolic process + negative regulation of lipid metabolism + inhibition of lipid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045833 + negative regulation of lipid metabolic process - + - The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. - - - - - - - - MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0030797 - ncithesaurus:Pelvis - - - - - lesser pelvis - FMA:9578 - - - - - pelvis - FMA:9578 - MA:0000030 - - - - - true pelvis - FMA:9578 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + positive regulation of lipid metabolism + up regulation of lipid metabolic process + up-regulation of lipid metabolic process + upregulation of lipid metabolic process + activation of lipid metabolic process + stimulation of lipid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045834 + positive regulation of lipid metabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. + down regulation of meiosis + down-regulation of meiosis + downregulation of meiosis + negative regulation of meiosis + inhibition of meiosis + biological_process + GO:0045835 + negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. + positive regulation of meiosis + up regulation of meiosis + up-regulation of meiosis + upregulation of meiosis + activation of meiosis + stimulation of meiosis + biological_process + GO:0045836 + positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. - - - EMAPA:19030 - FMA:9582 - MA:0002739 - serous portion of pericardium - uberon - pericardium serosum - UBERON:0002357 - - serous pericardium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. + down regulation of mitosis + down-regulation of mitosis + downregulation of mitosis + negative regulation of mitosis + inhibition of mitosis + biological_process + GO:0045839 + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division + + + + - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - - - - - - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. - - - - - - - serous portion of pericardium - FMA:9582 - - - - - pericardium serosum - - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. + positive regulation of mitosis + up regulation of mitosis + up-regulation of mitosis + upregulation of mitosis + activation of mitosis + mitogenic activity + stimulation of mitosis + biological_process + GO:0045840 + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + down regulation of striated muscle development + down-regulation of striated muscle development + downregulation of striated muscle development + inhibition of striated muscle development + biological_process + GO:0045843 + negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. - TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium - An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] - Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO] - peritoneal - todo: check MA/EMAPA. - - - AAO:0010814 - BTO:0001472 - CALOHA:TS-2072 - EV:0100087 - FMA:9584 - GAID:18 - MA:0000449 - MESH:D010537 - NCIT:C12770 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005120 - UMLS:C0031153 - VHOG:0001257 - XAO:0000139 - ZFA:0005120 - galen:Peritoneum - uberon - peritonaeum - UBERON:0002358 - - - - peritoneum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + up regulation of striated muscle development + up-regulation of striated muscle development + upregulation of striated muscle development + activation of striated muscle development + stimulation of striated muscle development + biological_process + GO:0045844 + positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development - - - - - - - - - MP - - - + - A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. - VHOG:0001257 - - - - - An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005120 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010814 - AAO - AAO:JMG - - - - - todo: check MA/EMAPA. - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0031153 - ncithesaurus:Peritoneum - - - - - peritonaeum - VHOG:0001257 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. + down regulation of translational elongation + down-regulation of translational elongation + downregulation of translational elongation + inhibition of translational elongation + biological_process + GO:0045900 + negative regulation of translational elongation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. + up regulation of translational elongation + up-regulation of translational elongation + upregulation of translational elongation + activation of translational elongation + stimulation of translational elongation + biological_process + GO:0045901 + positive regulation of translational elongation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. - most superficial part of pericardium; continuous with the outer adventitial layer of the neighboring great blood vessels. [Wikipedia:Pericardium] - - - EMAPA:19029 - FMA:9586 - MA:0002738 - fibrous portion of pericardium - uberon - pericardium fibrosum - UBERON:0002359 - - - fibrous pericardium + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + down regulation of translational termination + down-regulation of translational termination + downregulation of translational termination + inhibition of translational termination + biological_process + GO:0045904 + negative regulation of translational termination - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - WP - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + up regulation of translational termination + up-regulation of translational termination + upregulation of translational termination + activation of translational termination + stimulation of translational termination + biological_process + GO:0045905 + positive regulation of translational termination + - + - Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. - FMA:9586 - - - - - pericardium fibrosum - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. + down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism + inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045912 + negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. - Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses - - - - AEO:0000097 - BTO:0000765 - CALOHA:TS-2012 - EHDAA2:0003097 - EMAPA:35327 - FMA:9596 - GAID:34 - MA:0002564 - MESH:D005088 - NCIT:C12712 - UMLS:C0015282 - ducted gland - glandula exocrina - uberon - UBERON:0002365 - - - - exocrine gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. + positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism + up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + activation of carbohydrate metabolic process + stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045913 + positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process - + - A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. - - - - - - UMLS:C0015282 - ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland - - - - - ducted gland - AEO:0000097 - - - - - glandula exocrina - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. + down regulation of catecholamine metabolic process + down-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process + downregulation of catecholamine metabolic process + negative regulation of catecholamine metabolism + inhibition of catecholamine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045914 + negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. - - - - AEO:0000098 - BTO:0001488 - CALOHA:TS-1300 - EHDAA2:0003098 - EMAPA:35999 - FMA:9602 - GAID:335 - MA:0002563 - MESH:D004702 - NCIT:C12704 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0014133 - ductless gland - glandula endocrina - uberon - ductless gland - glandulae endocrinae - UBERON:0002368 - - - - endocrine gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_endocrine_system.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. + positive regulation of catecholamine metabolism + up regulation of catecholamine metabolic process + up-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process + upregulation of catecholamine metabolic process + activation of catecholamine metabolic process + stimulation of catecholamine metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045915 + positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process - + - Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0014133 - ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Gland - - - - - ductless gland - AEO:0000098 - - - - - ductless gland - - - - - - glandulae endocrinae - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. - TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs - consider placement of NCIT:C53466 medullary bone - - The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] - In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] - - - - AAO:0011007 - BTO:0000141 - BTO:0000829 - CALOHA:TS-0087 - EFO:0000868 - EMAPA:32760 - EV:0100046 - FMA:9608 - GAID:1287 - MA:0000134 - MAT:0000084 - MESH:D001853 - MIAA:0000084 - NCIT:C12431 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0005953 - VHOG:0001218 - XAO:0000123 - galen:BoneMarrow - medulla ossea - medulla ossium - uberon - medulla of bone - medullary bone - UBERON:0002371 - - - - - bone marrow - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + down regulation of exocytosis + down-regulation of exocytosis + downregulation of exocytosis + inhibition of exocytosis + biological_process + GO:0045920 + negative regulation of exocytosis - - - - - - - - - FMA - MA - - - + - The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. - MGI:cwg - MP:0002397 - - - - - The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001218 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood Cells and Blood Cell Development in the Animal Kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) - - - - - UMLS:C0005953 - ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow - - - - - medulla ossea - BTO:0000141 - FMA:9608 - - - - - - medulla ossium - - BTO:0000141 - - - - - - medulla of bone - BTO:0000141 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + up regulation of exocytosis + up-regulation of exocytosis + upregulation of exocytosis + activation of exocytosis + stimulation of exocytosis + biological_process + GO:0045921 + positive regulation of exocytosis + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. + down regulation of growth + down-regulation of growth + downregulation of growth + inhibition of growth + biological_process + GO:0045926 + negative regulation of growth + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. - UBERON:0003899 - - AAO:0000107 - BTO:0000021 - EFO:0003524 - EHDAA2:0000322 - EMAPA:18172 - FMA:9616 - MA:0000578 - ZFA:0001652 - cephalic muscle - cephalic musculature - head muscle - head muscle organ - muscle of head - muscle organ of adult head - muscle organ of head - musculus caput - adult head muscle organ - uberon - cranial muscle - head muscles - UBERON:0002376 - - - - defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984) - cranial muscle + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. + up regulation of growth + up-regulation of growth + upregulation of growth + activation of growth + stimulation of growth + biological_process + GO:0045927 + positive regulation of growth - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2-abduced - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. + down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression + negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0045930 + negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle + - + - Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. - - - - - - cephalic muscle - ZFA:0001652 - - - - - head muscle - MA:0000578 - - - - - head muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle of head - FMA:9616 - - - - - muscle organ of adult head - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - + - muscle organ of head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cranial muscle - ZFA:0001652 + negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. - - EMAPA:36050 - FMA:9617 - GAID:149 - MA:0000587 - MESH:D009334 - NCIT:C33163 - UMLS:C0027532 - muscle organ of neck - muscle organ of neck (volume) - neck (volume) muscle organ - neck muscle - neck muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0002377 - - - muscle of neck + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. + positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression + positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0045931 + positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle - - - - - - - - - prolog - - - + - Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. - + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0027532 - ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle - - - - - muscle organ of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck (volume) muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - + - neck muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + down regulation of muscle contraction + down-regulation of muscle contraction + downregulation of muscle contraction + inhibition of muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0045932 + negative regulation of muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + up regulation of muscle contraction + up-regulation of muscle contraction + upregulation of muscle contraction + activation of muscle contraction + stimulation of muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0045933 + positive regulation of muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. - - - - BTO:0001261 - EMAPA:35103 - FMA:9620 - GAID:89 - MA:0000520 - MESH:D000009 - NCIT:C32040 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvlygNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0000739 - abdomen muscle - abdomen muscle organ - abdominal muscle - abdominal wall muscle - muscle organ of abdomen - uberon - abdominal wall musculature - UBERON:0002378 - - - muscle of abdomen + Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism + inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + biological_process + negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GO:0045934 + negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process - - - - - - - - - prolog - - - + - Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. - - - - - - UMLS:C0000739 - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Muscle - - - - - abdomen muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:go_curators - - - muscle organ of abdomen - OBOL:automatic - - - + - abdominal wall musculature - EMAPA:35103 + negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. - - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] - Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] - Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] - MA also has set of connective tissues - - - - - AAO:0000098 - BTO:0000421 - CALOHA:TS-2009 - EFO:0000952 - EMAPA:35251 - FMA:9640 - GAID:100 - MA:0000011 - MAT:0000301 - MESH:D003238 - MIAA:0000301 - NCIT:C12374 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001641 - UMLS:C0009780 - VSAO:0000017 - XAO:0001017 - ZFA:0001632 - galen:ConnectiveTissue - portion of connective tissue - textus connectivus - uberon - Bindegewebe - UBERON:0002384 - - - - - connective tissue + Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism + up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + biological_process + positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GO:0045935 + positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process - - - portion of connective tissue - FMA:9640 - - - - - Bindegewebe - BTO:0000421 - - - + - Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000017 - - - - - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000098 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001641 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000017 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - MA also has set of connective tissues - MA + Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. + GOC:go_curators - - - UMLS:C0009780 - ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue + + + positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + down regulation of phosphate metabolic process + down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process + downregulation of phosphate metabolic process + negative regulation of phosphate metabolism + inhibition of phosphate metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045936 + negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + positive regulation of phosphate metabolism + up regulation of phosphate metabolic process + up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process + upregulation of phosphate metabolic process + activation of phosphate metabolic process + stimulation of phosphate metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045937 + positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. - - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] - - - - AAO:0000306 - AEO:0000122 - CALOHA:TS-0642 - EHDAA2:0003122 - EMAPA:32715 - FMA:9641 - MA:0002437 - MESH:D009132 - NCIT:C12435 - UMLS:C2328219 - galen:MuscleTissue - muscular tissue - portion of muscle tissue - textus muscularis - uberon - UBERON:0002385 - - Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. - muscle tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + down regulation of steroid metabolic process + down-regulation of steroid metabolic process + downregulation of steroid metabolic process + negative regulation of steroid metabolism + inhibition of steroid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045939 + negative regulation of steroid metabolic process - + - Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. - - - GO:0060537 - - - - - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000306 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - UMLS:C2328219 - ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue - - - - - muscular tissue - - - - - - portion of muscle tissue - FMA:9641 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + positive regulation of steroid metabolism + up regulation of steroid metabolic process + up-regulation of steroid metabolic process + upregulation of steroid metabolic process + activation of steroid metabolic process + stimulation of steroid metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0045940 + positive regulation of steroid metabolic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + down regulation of translational initiation + down-regulation of translational initiation + downregulation of translational initiation + inhibition of translational initiation + biological_process + GO:0045947 + negative regulation of translational initiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. - Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] - Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] - hematopoietic - In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes - - - - AAO:0011002 - BTO:0000570 - CALOHA:TS-0449 - EFO:0000798 - EMAPA:35402 - EV:0100045 - FMA:9667 - GAID:1008 - MA:0002434 - MAT:0000022 - MESH:D006413 - MIAA:0000022 - NCIT:C12909 - TAO:0005023 - UMLS:C0018957 - VHOG:0001624 - XAO:0000122 - ZFA:0005023 - haematological system - haemopoietic system - organa haemopoietica - uberon - Blutbildungssystem - haematopoietic system - hematological system - hematolymphoid system - hemopoietic system - UBERON:0002390 - - - - - hematopoietic system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + up regulation of translational initiation + up-regulation of translational initiation + upregulation of translational initiation + activation of translational initiation + stimulation of translational initiation + biological_process + GO:0045948 + positive regulation of translational initiation - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - definitional - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + down regulation of smooth muscle contraction + down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction + downregulation of smooth muscle contraction + inhibition of smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + smooth muscle relaxation + GO:0045986 + negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction + - + - Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. - - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011002 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001624 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.004 Ellett F, Lieschke GJ, Zebrafish as a model for vertebrate hematopoiesis. Current Opinion in Pharmacology (2010) - - - - - In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes - WP - - - - - UMLS:C0018957 - ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_System - - - - - Blutbildungssystem - BTO:0000570 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + up regulation of smooth muscle contraction + up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction + upregulation of smooth muscle contraction + activation of smooth muscle contraction + stimulation of smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0045987 + positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + down regulation of striated muscle contraction + down-regulation of striated muscle contraction + downregulation of striated muscle contraction + inhibition of striated muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0045988 + negative regulation of striated muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + up regulation of striated muscle contraction + up-regulation of striated muscle contraction + upregulation of striated muscle contraction + activation of striated muscle contraction + stimulation of striated muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0045989 + positive regulation of striated muscle contraction + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. - A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. - Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] - (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] - we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA - - - - AAO:0011019 - BTO:0000122 - CALOHA:TS-0075 - EHDAA2:0000741 - EMAPA:35171 - EV:0100091 - FMA:9706 - GAID:280 - MA:0000354 - MESH:D001652 - NCIT:C12376 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001100 - UMLS:C0005400 - VHOG:0000212 - XAO:0000134 - ZFA:0001100 - uberon - bile tube - biliary duct - gall duct - hepatic duct - UBERON:0002394 - - - bile duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + down regulation of embryonic development + down-regulation of embryonic development + downregulation of embryonic development + inhibition of embryonic development + biological_process + GO:0045992 + negative regulation of embryonic development - - - - - - - - - EMAPA - MA - - - - - - - - - - - XAO - - - + - Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. - - - - - - - A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. - ZFA:0001100, ZFA:curator - - - - - Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000212 - VHOG - - - - - - - (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000212 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ, Weinkle TK, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000) - - - - - we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C0005400 - ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct - - - - - biliary duct - FMA:9706 - - - - - gall duct - BTO:0000122 - - - - - hepatic duct - ZFA:0001100 - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + biological_process + GO:0045995 + regulation of embryonic development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. + nucleobase anabolism + nucleobase biosynthesis + nucleobase formation + nucleobase synthesis + biological_process + GO:0046112 + nucleobase biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. - Dermal bone that underlies the mesethmoid and inserts in a fossa on the anteroventral surface of the parasphenoid.[TAO] - Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules.[AAO] - relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-vomer joint (TAO:0001784)[TAO] - relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-vomer joint (TAO:0001680)[TAO] - In bony fish, the vomers are flattened, paired, bones forming the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the premaxillary bones. In many species, they have teeth, supplementing those in the jaw proper; in some extinct species the teeth on the vomers were actually larger than the primary set. In amphibians and reptiles, the vomers become narrower, due to the presence of the enlarged choanae (the inner part of the nostrils) on either side, and they may extend further back in the jaw. They are typically small in birds, where they form the upper hind part of the beak, again being located between the choanae. In mammals, the vomers have become narrower still, and are fused into a single, vertically oriented bone. The development of the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth[WP] - The vomer is paired in some taxa (e.g., Amia) while unpaired in others (e.g., teleosts).[TAO] - - - - AAO:0000633 - FMA:9710 - MA:0001496 - MESH:D055172 - NCIT:C33888 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv6jKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000308 - UMLS:C0242403 - ZFA:0000308 - vomer bone - uberon - prevomer - UBERON:0002396 - - - - vomer - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. + nucleobase breakdown + nucleobase catabolism + nucleobase degradation + biological_process + GO:0046113 + nucleobase catabolic process - - - - FMA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - palatal series - ISBN:0073040584 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + phenol-containing compound anabolism + phenol-containing compound biosynthesis + phenol-containing compound formation + phenol-containing compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:0046189 + phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process + - + - The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000098 - - - - - Dermal bone that underlies the mesethmoid and inserts in a fossa on the anteroventral surface of the parasphenoid.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000308 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000633 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-vomer joint (TAO:0001784)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000308 - TAO - - - - - relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-vomer joint (TAO:0001680)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000308 - TAO - - - - - In bony fish, the vomers are flattened, paired, bones forming the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the premaxillary bones. In many species, they have teeth, supplementing those in the jaw proper; in some extinct species the teeth on the vomers were actually larger than the primary set. In amphibians and reptiles, the vomers become narrower, due to the presence of the enlarged choanae (the inner part of the nostrils) on either side, and they may extend further back in the jaw. They are typically small in birds, where they form the upper hind part of the beak, again being located between the choanae. In mammals, the vomers have become narrower still, and are fused into a single, vertically oriented bone. The development of the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth[WP] - - - - - - The vomer is paired in some taxa (e.g., Amia) while unpaired in others (e.g., teleosts).[TAO] - 2012-09-06 - TAO:0000308 - TAO - Curator - - - - - UMLS:C0242403 - ncithesaurus:Vomer - - - - - prevomer - TAO:0000308 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. + GOC:ai - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. + indolalkylamine anabolism + indolalkylamine biosynthesis + indolalkylamine formation + indolalkylamine synthesis + biological_process + GO:0046219 + indolalkylamine biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. + GOC:curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. + monosaccharide anabolism + monosaccharide biosynthesis + monosaccharide formation + monosaccharide synthesis + biological_process + GO:0046364 + monosaccharide biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. + monosaccharide breakdown + monosaccharide catabolism + monosaccharide degradation + biological_process + GO:0046365 + monosaccharide catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. - - - - EMAPA:16776 - FMA:9733 - MA:0002488 - NCIT:C33273 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvv2Uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225777 - VHOG:0001495 - uberon - pleura parietalis - UBERON:0002400 - - - the part of the pleura external to the visceral pleura. It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax - parietal pleura + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + carboxylic acid anabolism + carboxylic acid biosynthesis + carboxylic acid formation + carboxylic acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0046394 + carboxylic acid biosynthetic process - + - The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. - - UBERON:cjm - - - - - UMLS:C0225777 - ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pleura - - - - - pleura parietalis - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + carboxylic acid breakdown + carboxylic acid catabolism + carboxylic acid degradation + biological_process + GO:0046395 + carboxylic acid catabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + heterocycle metabolism + biological_process + GO:0046483 + + heterocycle metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0007467 + biological_process + GO:0046530 + photoreceptor cell differentiation + + + + + The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0045673 + regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + biological_process + GO:0046532 + regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0045674 + down regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + down regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + down-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + down-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + downregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + downregulation of photoreceptor differentiation + negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + inhibition of photoreceptor cell differentiation + inhibition of photoreceptor differentiation + biological_process + GO:0046533 + negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. - - Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. - FMA treats this as part of the lungs - - - EHDAA2:0002205 - EMAPA:16777 - FMA:9734 - MA:0002489 - NCIT:C33881 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwNFqppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0225776 - VHOG:0001496 - pleura pulmonalis - pleura visceralis - pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) - pulmonary visceral pleura - uberon - lung mesothelium - lung pleura - pulmonary pleura - UBERON:0002401 - - - - visceral pleura + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0045675 + positive regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + up regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + up regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + up-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + up-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation + upregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + upregulation of photoreceptor differentiation + activation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + activation of photoreceptor differentiation + stimulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation + stimulation of photoreceptor differentiation + biological_process + GO:0046534 + positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. + biological_process + GO:0046545 + development of primary female sexual characteristics + - + - The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. - - UBERON:cjm - - - - - Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. - - - - - - FMA treats this as part of the lungs - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0225776 - ncithesaurus:Visceral_Pleura - - - - - pleura pulmonalis - FMA:9734 - FMA:TA - - - - - - pleura visceralis - - - - - - - lung mesothelium - EHDAA2:0002205 - - - - - pulmonary pleura - FMA:9734 - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + + Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. + biological_process + GO:0046548 + retinal rod cell development + + + + + Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - The contraction of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure within the pleural cavity which forces the lungs to expand resulting in passive exhalation and active inhalation. This breathing process can be made forceful through the contraction of the external intercostal muscles which forces the rib cage to expand and add to the negative pressure in the pleural cavity causing the lungs to fill with air. The fluid in the cavity provides lubrication and cushioning - the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 - - - - BTO:0004422 - EHDAA2:0001475 - EMAPA:16773 - EMAPA:16774 - FMA:9740 - GAID:95 - MA:0000055 - MESH:D035422 - NCIT:C12840 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwCKAppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0178802 - VHOG:0000581 - cavitas pleuralis - uberon - cavitum pleuralae - cavitum pleurale - UBERON:0002402 - - - pleural cavity - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png + Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. + biological_process + GO:0046549 + retinal cone cell development - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. - - - - - - - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000581 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 - - - - - the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 - EHDAA2 - - - - - UMLS:C0178802 - ncithesaurus:Pleural_Cavity - - - - - cavitas pleuralis - - - - - - - cavitum pleuralae - - - - - - - cavitum pleurale - - + Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + biological_process + GO:0046620 + regulation of organ growth + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + GOC:bf + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. - - The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011003 - BILA:0000104 - BTO:0005810 - FMA:9825 - GAID:328 - MA:0002711 - MESH:D007107 - NCIT:C12735 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001159 - UMLS:C0020962 - VHOG:0001247 - XAO:0003152 - ZFA:0001159 - uberon - UBERON:0002405 - - - - - immune system + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + biological_process + GO:0046621 + negative regulation of organ growth - + - Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. - - - - - - The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001247 - VHOG - - PMID:21046016 Dzik JM, The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions. Acta biochimica Polonica (2010) - - - - - UMLS:C0020962 - ncithesaurus:Immune_System + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + GOC:bf + GOC:tb - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + biological_process + GO:0046622 + positive regulation of organ growth + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. + GOC:bf + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. - - FMA:9868 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 - TAO:0000054 - uberon - pericardium - UBERON:0002406 - - - pericardial sac - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0046660 + female sex differentiation - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. - - + The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation. + GOC:bf - + - - - + + - + + Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina. + programmed cell death, retina cells + programmed cell death, retinal cells + retina cell programmed cell death + retina programmed cell death + retinal programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046666 + retinal cell programmed cell death + + + + + Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina. + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. + biological_process + GO:0046667 + compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death + + + + + Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. + PMID:12006672 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. - Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] - pericardial - In GO the concept of pericardium is developmental implicitly epithelial, but here it represents a multi-tissue structure encompassing the sac (epithelium plus connective) and cavity - this class denotes a combination of fibrous PC + PC sac (itself a combination of cavity, epithelium and connective tissue). Many sources use the term 'pericardium' to denote either just the serous membrane (ZFA) or the epithelium (GO) - we follow FMA in dividing pericardium into pericardial sac and fibrous pericardium - - - - AAO:0010817 - BSA:0000090 - BTO:0000717 - CALOHA:TS-0761 - EFO:0000820 - EHDAA:5376 - EMAPA:16133 - EV:0100023 - FMA:9869 - GAID:569 - MA:0000099 - MAT:0000454 - MESH:D010496 - NCIT:C13005 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvoCLgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 - TAO:0000054 - UMLS:C0031050 - VHOG:0001280 - XAO:0004182 - ZFA:0000054 - galen:Pericardium - uberon - UBERON:0002407 - - - - - pericardium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + regulation of retinal programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046668 + regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. - - - - - - - Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010817 - AAO - AAO:JMG - - - - - In GO the concept of pericardium is developmental implicitly epithelial, but here it represents a multi-tissue structure encompassing the sac (epithelium plus connective) and cavity - FMA - - - - - this class denotes a combination of fibrous PC + PC sac (itself a combination of cavity, epithelium and connective tissue). Many sources use the term 'pericardium' to denote either just the serous membrane (ZFA) or the epithelium (GO) - ZFA - - - - - we follow FMA in dividing pericardium into pericardial sac and fibrous pericardium - FMA + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0031050 - ncithesaurus:Pericardium + + + regulation of retinal programmed cell death + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. - - - - EHDAA:3422 - EHDAA:5378 - EMAPA:19031 - FMA:9870 - MA:0000483 - NCIT:C94500 - UMLS:C0225969 - VHOG:0000537 - lamina parietalis (pericardii serosum) - lamina parietalis pericardii - parietal layer of serous pericardium - parietal pericardium - uberon - pericardial sac - UBERON:0002408 - - - parietal serous pericardium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046669 + regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death - + - Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. - - - - - - UMLS:C0225969 - ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pericardium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + positive regulation of retinal programmed cell death + up regulation of retinal programmed cell death + up-regulation of retinal programmed cell death + upregulation of retinal programmed cell death + activation of retinal programmed cell death + stimulation of retinal programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046670 + positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + - - - lamina parietalis pericardii - FMA:9870 - FMA:TA - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb - + - parietal pericardium - VHOG:0000537 - - - - - pericardial sac - - + positive regulation of retinal programmed cell death + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + down regulation of retinal programmed cell death + down-regulation of retinal programmed cell death + downregulation of retinal programmed cell death + negative regulation of retinal programmed cell death + inhibition of retinal programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046671 + negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb + + + + + negative regulation of retinal programmed cell death + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. - - BTO:0001016 - FMA:9887 - MA:0002530 - MESH:D000069236 - uberon - UBERON:0002409 - - pericardial fluid + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + activation of retinal cell programmed cell death + positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + stimulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + up regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + up-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + upregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046672 + positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death - - - - FMA - - - + - Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. - - FMA:9887 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + GOC:ai - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + down regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + down-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + downregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + inhibition of retinal cell programmed cell death + negative regulation of retina cell programmed cell death + negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death + biological_process + GO:0046673 + negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + down regulation of insulin secretion + down-regulation of insulin secretion + downregulation of insulin secretion + inhibition of insulin secretion + biological_process + GO:0046676 + negative regulation of insulin secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. - Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO] - From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG] - FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib - - - - - AAO:0000033 - BIRNLEX:1123 - BTO:0002507 - CALOHA:TS-2001 - EHDA:10095 - EHDAA2:0000158 - EHDAA:3767 - EMAPA:16984 - FMA:65553 - GAID:706 - MA:0000219 - MESH:D001341 - NCIT:C12673 - TAO:0001574 - UMLS:C0004388 - UMLS:C1305381 - VHOG:0000396 - ZFA:0001574 - neuronames:2054 - autonomic division of peripheral nervous system - autonomic part of peripheral nervous system - divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - peripheral autonomic nervous system - visceral nervous system - uberon - ANS - divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - UBERON:0002410 - - - - autonomic nervous system - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase. + biological_process + carbamate resistance + carbamate susceptibility/resistance + GO:0046681 + response to carbamate - - - - cjm + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase. + ISBN:0721662544 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EMAPA - MA - NIFSTD - ZFA-modified-from-isa - + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + heterocycle breakdown + heterocycle catabolism + heterocycle degradation + biological_process + GO:0046700 + heterocycle catabolic process + - + - The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. - GO:0048483 - - - - - Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000396 - VHOG - - - - - - Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000033 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000396 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261:3<111::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-F Butler AB, Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: An old brain in a new head. AnaT Rec (New Anat) (2000) - - - - - FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0004388 - BIRNLEX:1123 - - - - - UMLS:C0004388 - ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Nervous_System - - - - - UMLS:C1305381 - BIRNLEX:1123 - - - - - autonomic division of peripheral nervous system - FMA:65553 - - - - - autonomic part of peripheral nervous system - FMA:65553 - - - - - divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - FMA:TA - - - - - pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - FMA:TA - - - - - peripheral autonomic nervous system - FMA:65553 - - - - - ANS - - - - - - divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici - - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + @@ -97350,57081 +113998,43613 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - Consider changing name to make distinction from inferred superclass 'vertebral element' clear - we follow FMA in making this an irregular bone - however vertebra have 'epiphyses' which are currently classified as belonging to long bones - - Endochondral bone that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.[TAO] - Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.[AAO] - - - - AAO:0000691 - CALOHA:TS-2352 - EFO:0001371 - EMAPA:32740 - FMA:9914 - MA:0000309 - NCIT:C12933 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvt2Dh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001189 - UMLS:C0549207 - XAO:0004019 - ZFA:0001189 - galen:Vertebra - vertebra bone - vertebrae - uberon - UBERON:0002412 - - - - - vertebra + The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24218 + + muscle fiber maintenance + biological_process + muscle homeostasis + GO:0046716 + muscle cell cellular homeostasis - - - - FMA - - - + - The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000184 - - - - - - Wikipedia + The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. + GOC:mah + PMID:3091429 + PMID:7781901 - - - Endochondral bone that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001189 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000691 - AAO - AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008 + + + muscle fiber maintenance + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - UMLS:C0549207 - ncithesaurus:Vertebra + + + muscle homeostasis + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. + biological_process + GO:0046717 + acid secretion + - - - vertebrae - PHENOSCAPE:ad - + + + The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - + + - A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. - In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery. - - - EMAPA:17674 - FMA:9915 - GAID:235 - MA:0000311 - MESH:D002574 - NCIT:C12693 - XAO:0003076 - galen:CervicalVertebra - cervical vertebrae - uberon - vertebrae cervicales - UBERON:0002413 - - - cervical vertebra - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg + The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. + microtubule assembly + biological_process + microtubule formation + GO:0046785 + microtubule polymerization - - - - true - - - + - A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. - - - - - - cervical vertebrae - - - - - - vertebrae cervicales - - + The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. + GOC:ai + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - An external caudal extension of the body. In chordates, the tail is post-anal, in other animals the anus ends in the tail. - Note we also have a subclass post-anal tail, for the chordate specific structure. currently defined very generally, inclusive of caudal fin - - - AEO:0000109 - BILA:0000117 - BTO:0001348 - EFO:0000963 - EHDAA:9198 - GAID:1245 - MAT:0000094 - MESH:D013623 - MIAA:0000094 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - WBbt:0005741 - caudal subdivision - uberon - UBERON:0002415 - - - - - tail + Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + heavy metal ion porter activity + heavy metal ion transporter activity + heavy metal ion:hydrogen symporter activity + heavy metal-exporting ATPase activity + high affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity + low affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:0046873 + metal ion transmembrane transporter activity - + - An external caudal extension of the body. In chordates, the tail is post-anal, in other animals the anus ends in the tail. - - AEO:0000109 + Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. + biological_process + GO:0046879 + hormone secretion + - - - caudal subdivision - + + + The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. + ISBN:0198506732 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + biological_process + GO:0046883 + regulation of hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + up regulation of hormone secretion + up-regulation of hormone secretion + upregulation of hormone secretion + activation of hormone secretion + stimulation of hormone secretion + biological_process + GO:0046887 + positive regulation of hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + down regulation of hormone secretion + down-regulation of hormone secretion + downregulation of hormone secretion + inhibition of hormone secretion + biological_process + GO:0046888 + negative regulation of hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. - (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] - - - UBERON:0007029 - - - - AEO:0000154 - BILA:0000118 - CALOHA:TS-1299 - CARO:0002001 - EFO:0000807 - EHDAA2:0000836 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 - EHDAA:6520 - EMAPA:17524 - EV:0100151 - FBbt:00004969 - FMA:72979 - HAO:0000421 - MA:0000014 - MAT:0000033 - MESH:D034582 - MIAA:0000033 - NCIT:C12907 - TADS:0000108 - UMLS:C0037267 - VHOG:0000403 - XAO:0000176 - galen:Surface - integumentary system - uberon - body surface - dermal system - external covering of organism - integumentum commune - organism surface - surface - UBERON:0002416 - - - - integumental system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + positive regulation of lipid anabolism + positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis + positive regulation of lipid formation + positive regulation of lipid synthesis + positive regulation of lipogenesis + up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process + activation of lipid biosynthetic process + stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0046889 + positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - + - Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. - - - CARO:0002001 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + GOC:ai - - - (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000403 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) + + + positive regulation of lipogenesis + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + regulation of lipid anabolism + regulation of lipid biosynthesis + regulation of lipid formation + regulation of lipid synthesis + regulation of lipogenesis + biological_process + GO:0046890 + regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + - - - UMLS:C0037267 - ncithesaurus:Integumentary_System + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + GOC:ai - + - integumentary system - FMA:72979 - - - - - dermal system - MIAA:0000033 + regulation of lipogenesis + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. + biological_process + GO:0046903 + + secretion + - - - integumentum commune - - + + + The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances within a cell. + jl + 2013-12-18T14:04:50Z + GO:1902582 + biological_process + single organism intracellular transport + single-organism intracellular transport + GO:0046907 + intracellular transport + - - - organism surface - EHDAA2:0003154 + + + The directed movement of substances within a cell. + GOC:ai - + - surface - BILA:0000118 + single organism intracellular transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - The abdominal segment of the torso. - - - EMAPA:35104 - FMA:259211 - MA:0000021 - uberon - abdomen/pelvis/perineum - lower body - lower trunk - lumbar region - UBERON:0002417 - abdominal segment of trunk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. + biological_process + GO:0046928 + regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The abdominal segment of the torso. - - - - - - abdomen/pelvis/perineum - MA:0000021 - - - - - lower body - MA:0000021 - - - - - lower trunk - FMA:259211 - - - - - lumbar region - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. + GOC:ai - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. + down regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + down-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + downregulation of neurotransmitter secretion + conotoxin activity + inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion + biological_process + GO:0046929 + negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + biological_process + GO:0046942 + carboxylic acid transport + + + + + The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. - A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] - Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] - Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] - - - - - - AAO:0000060 - AEO:0000087 - BTO:0000206 - EFO:0000949 - EHDAA2:0003087 - EMAPA:32730 - EV:0100141 - FMA:37377 - GAID:99 - MA:0000104 - MAT:0000189 - MESH:D002356 - MIAA:0000189 - NCIT:C12373 - NCIT:C32268 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0001501 - UMLS:C0007301 - VHOG:0001207 - VSAO:0000040 - XAO:0000170 - ZFA:0005622 - galen:Cartilage - cartilage tissue - cartilaginous tissue - chondrogenic tissue - uberon - cartilage - cartilages - portion of cartilage tissue - UBERON:0002418 - - - - - Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] - cartilage tissue - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg + Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + Reactome:R-HSA-390347 + molecular_function + GO:0046943 + carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity - - - - - - - + - Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. - - - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000040 + Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). + GOC:ai - - - A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000060 - AAO - AAO:LAP + + + Reactome:R-HSA-390347 + Exchange of isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate across the peroxisomal membrane + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. + microtubule-based vesicle localization + biological_process + GO:0047496 + vesicle transport along microtubule + - - - Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001501 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. + GOC:ecd + GOC:rl - - - Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000040 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 + + + microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + + The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048048 + embryonic eye morphogenesis + - - - relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000060 - AAO + + + The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. + biological_process + pigmentation during development + GO:0048066 + developmental pigmentation + - - - Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001207 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00520.x Hall BK, Parallelism, deep homology, and evo-devo. Evolution and Development (2012) + + + The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + regulation of pigmentation during development + biological_process + GO:0048070 + regulation of developmental pigmentation + - - - UMLS:C0007301 - ncithesaurus:Cartilage + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - cartilage tissue - FMA:37377 + regulation of pigmentation during development + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + down regulation of developmental pigmentation + down-regulation of developmental pigmentation + downregulation of developmental pigmentation + inhibition of pigmentation + biological_process + GO:0048086 + negative regulation of developmental pigmentation + + + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - chondrogenic tissue - VSAO:0000040 + down regulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - cartilages - VHOG:0001207 + + + down-regulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - portion of cartilage tissue - FMA:37377 + + + downregulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. - check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there - - EMAPA:35774 - FMA:71878 - MA:0000146 - glandulae cutis - uberon - set of skin glands - skin glands - skin glands set - UBERON:0002419 - - skin gland + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + up regulation of developmental pigmentation + up-regulation of developmental pigmentation + upregulation of developmental pigmentation + activation of developmental pigmentation + stimulation of developmental pigmentation + biological_process + GO:0048087 + positive regulation of developmental pigmentation - + - A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - glandulae cutis - FMA:71878 - FMA:TA - + up regulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph - - - set of skin glands - FMA:71878 + + + up-regulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - skin glands - + + + upregulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - skin glands set - + + + activation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + stimulation of developmental pigmentation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. + somatic stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:0048103 + somatic stem cell division + + + + + The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. + GOC:jid + ISBN:0582227089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. + GO:0048141 + female germ-line stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:0048132 + female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division + + + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. + biological_process + GO:0048144 + fibroblast proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. - System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. - The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008] - - - AAO:0011056 - CALOHA:TS-1308 - EFO:0000800 - EHDAA2:0000998 - EHDAA:2189 - EMAPA:16840 - EV:0100088 - MA:0000324 - MAT:0000024 - MIAA:0000024 - NCIT:C43612 - TAO:0000036 - UMLS:C1711359 - VHOG:0000294 - XAO:0000132 - ZFA:0000036 - hepaticobiliary system - liver and biliary system - uberon - liver/biliary system - UBERON:0002423 - - - - - hepatobiliary system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + biological_process + GO:0048145 + regulation of fibroblast proliferation - + - The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + up regulation of fibroblast proliferation + up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation + upregulation of fibroblast proliferation + activation of fibroblast proliferation + stimulation of fibroblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048146 + positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation + - - - System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. - ZFIN:curator + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + down regulation of fibroblast proliferation + down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation + downregulation of fibroblast proliferation + inhibition of fibroblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048147 + negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation + - - - UMLS:C1711359 - ncithesaurus:Hepatobiliary_System + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. + biological_process + Golgi-derived vesicle transport + GO:0048193 + + Golgi vesicle transport + - - - hepaticobiliary system - GO:0061008 + + + The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. + GOC:jid + ISBN:0716731363 + PMID:10219233 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. - consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar) - The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. - the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme - - AAO:0010357 - BTO:0001775 - CALOHA:TS-0715 - EHDAA2:0001325 - EHDAA:2187 - EMAPA:16839 - EMAPA:26942 - FMA:265152 - MA:0000344 - NCIT:C49595 - TAO:0000816 - UMLS:C1709332 - VHOG:0000187 - XAO:0003201 - ZFA:0000816 - epithelium of mucosa of mouth - epithelium of oral mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0002424 - - oral epithelium + + + + + + + The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. + Golgi vesicle targeting + dictyosome vesicle targeting + vesicle targeting, to, from or within dictyosome + biological_process + GO:0048199 + vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi - - - + + + The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. + GOC:jid + GOC:mah + ISBN:0716731363 + PMID:10219233 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - AAO-modified - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. + regulation of Golgi vesicle targeting + biological_process + GO:0048209 + regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi + + + + + - - - An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. - ZFA:0000816 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. + GOC:jid + GOC:mah + ISBN:0716731363 + PMID:10219233 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. + noradrenaline secretion + biological_process + GO:0048243 + norepinephrine secretion + - - - the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme - + + + The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. + GOC:ef + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching. + elastic fibre assembly + elastin fiber assembly + elastin fibre assembly + biological_process + GO:0048251 + elastic fiber assembly + - - - UMLS:C1709332 - ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium + + + Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching. + GOC:jid + PMID:10841810 + PMID:12615674 - + - epithelium of mucosa of mouth - FMA:265152 + elastin fiber assembly + GOC:BHF - + - epithelium of oral mucosa - FMA:265152 + elastin fibre assembly + GOC:BHF - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + - + - - + + - - + + + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. + biological_process + GO:0048280 + vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus + + + + + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. - - - EMAPA:16589 - EMAPA:19032 - FMA:84882 - MA:0000484 - VHOG:0000538 - lamina visceralis pericardii serosi - serous visceral pericardium - visceral lamina of serous pericardium - visceral layer of serous pericardium - visceral pericardium - uberon - epicardium - pericardium visceral mesothelium - UBERON:0002425 - - - visceral serous pericardium + The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. + biological_process + GO:0048284 + + + organelle fusion - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. + GOC:jid - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. + biological_process + GO:0048285 + + + organelle fission + - + - Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. - - - - - - lamina visceralis pericardii serosi - - - - - - - visceral pericardium - VHOG:0000538 - - - - - epicardium - MA:0000484 - - - - - pericardium visceral mesothelium - EMAPA:16589 + The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - + - - + - + - A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17828 - FMA:76550 - MA:0001237 - blood vessel of choroid - blood vessel of choroid coat - blood vessel of choroidea - blood vessel of posterior uvea - choroid blood vessel - choroid blood vessels - choroid blood vessels set - choroid coat blood vessel - choroidea blood vessel - posterior uvea blood vessel - vasa sanguinea choroideae - uberon - set of choroid blood vessels - UBERON:0002443 - - cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class - choroidal blood vessel + The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei. + biological_process + nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy + GO:0048288 + nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy - + - A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of choroid - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of choroid coat - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of choroidea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of posterior uvea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - choroid blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - choroid coat blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - choroidea blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - posterior uvea blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vasa sanguinea choroideae - FMA:76550 - FMA:TA - + The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei. + GOC:jid - + - set of choroid blood vessels - FMA:76550 + nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. - Arteries that connect the dorsal aorta and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these vessels don't have venous or arteriproperty_value external_definitionmarkers. They form from the primary sprouts from the dorsal aorta[ZFA:0001061]. - Few changes of evolutionary significance occur in the branching pattern of the dorsal aorta. All vertebrates have (...) paired intersegmental arteries to the trunk, tail, and paired appendages.[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0006001 - - EHDAA2:0000882 - EHDAA:4340 - EMAPA:17616 - MA:0001985 - TAO:0001061 - VHOG:0000225 - XAO:0004165 - ZFA:0001061 - intersegmental artery - uberon - intersegmental arteries - UBERON:0002457 - - - intersomitic artery + + + The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division. + biological_process + GO:0048308 + + + organelle inheritance - + - The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. - MP:0010662 - - - - - Arteries that connect the dorsal aorta and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these vessels don't have venous or arteriproperty_value external_definitionmarkers. They form from the primary sprouts from the dorsal aorta[ZFA:0001061]. - ZFA:0001061 + The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. + Golgi apparatus inheritance + Golgi division + Golgi partitioning + biological_process + GO:0048313 + Golgi inheritance + - - - Few changes of evolutionary significance occur in the branching pattern of the dorsal aorta. All vertebrates have (...) paired intersegmental arteries to the trunk, tail, and paired appendages.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000225 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.612 + + + The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. + GOC:jid + PMID:12851069 - + - intersegmental artery - ZFA:0001061 + Golgi division + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. + biological_process + GO:0048318 + axial mesoderm development + - - - intersegmental arteries - ZFA:0001061 - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Arteries that supply the spinal cord. - - - - EHDAA2:0001890 - EHDAA:4355 - EMAPA:18241 - MA:0002043 - NCIT:C33587 - TAO:0000682 - UMLS:C0447043 - ZFA:0000682 - spinal arteries - uberon - UBERON:0002458 - - - spinal artery + The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048319 + axial mesoderm morphogenesis - + - Arteries that supply the spinal cord. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0447043 - ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery - - - - - spinal arteries - ZFA:0000682 - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. - - - BTO:0000644 - FMA:62974 - GAID:1162 - MA:0002515 - MESH:D007419 - NCIT:C32875 - UMLS:C0021849 - intestinal secretion - succus entericus - uberon - intestinal juice - UBERON:0002466 - - - intestine secretion + + + + + + + The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + biological_process + GO:0048320 + axial mesoderm formation - + - Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. - - - - - - UMLS:C0021849 - ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Secretion - - - - - intestinal secretion - FMA:62974 - - - - - succus entericus - - - - - - intestinal juice - BTO:0000644 + The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - UBERON:0003345 - - - BTO:0002859 - EMAPA:26981 - FMA:62996 - MA:0002680 - MESH:D000071041 - NCIT:C32538 - UMLS:C0227176 - esophageal mucosa - esophageal mucous membrane - esophagus mucosa - esophagus mucous membrane - lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae - mucosa of esophagus - mucosa of oesophagus - mucous membrane of esophagus - mucous membrane of oesophagus - oesophageal mucosa - oesophagus mucosa - oesophagus mucous membrane - tunica mucosa esophagi - tunica mucosa oesophageae - tunica mucosa oesophagi - uberon - muscularis mucosae of oesophagus - tunica mucosa oesophagi - UBERON:0002469 - esophagus mucosa + The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048332 + mesoderm morphogenesis - + - A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0227176 - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Mucosa - - - - - esophagus mucosa - FMA:62996 - - - - - esophagus mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae - FMA:62996 - FMA:TA - - - - - - mucosa of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of oesophagus - FMA:62996 - - - - - oesophageal mucosa - FMA:62996 - - - - - oesophagus mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa oesophageae - FMA:62996 - FMA:TA - - - - - - muscularis mucosae of oesophagus - FMA:62996 - - - - - - tunica mucosa oesophagi - BTO:0002859 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. - see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 - Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] - - - CALOHA:TS-2011 - EMAPA:35179 - FMA:224804 - MA:0002780 - MESH:D001842 - NCIT:C13076 - UMLS:C0391978 - VSAO:0000047 - XAO:0004040 - ZFA:0005621 - galen:BoneTissue - calcium tissue - osseous tissue - osteogenic tissue - mineralized bone tissue - uberon - bone - portion of bone tissue - UBERON:0002481 - - - bone tissue + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. + mesoderm cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0048333 + mesodermal cell differentiation - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - + - Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000047 - - - - - Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000047 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - UMLS:C0391978 - ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue - - - - - osteogenic tissue - VSAO:curator - - - - - mineralized bone tissue - XAO:0004040 - - - - - bone - MESH:A02.835.232 - - - - - portion of bone tissue - FMA:224804 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. + biological_process + GO:0048339 + paraxial mesoderm development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. + GOC:dgh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35447 - FMA:58517 - MA:0002826 - epithelial tissue of iris - epithelium of iris - epithelium pigmentosum (iris) - epithelium pigmentosum iridis - iris epithelial tissue - iris epithelium - pigmented epithelium of iris - uberon - iris pigmented epithelium - UBERON:0002506 - - - iris epithelium + The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048340 + paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis - - - - FMA + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - MA - - - - - + + - - + + - - MP - + + The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + biological_process + GO:0048341 + paraxial mesoderm formation + - + - An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of iris - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of iris - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium pigmentosum (iris) - FMA:58517 - - - - - epithelium pigmentosum iridis - FMA:58517 - FMA:TA - - - - - - iris epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - iris epithelium - FMA:58517 - - - - - pigmented epithelium of iris - FMA:58517 - - - - - iris pigmented epithelium - MA:0002826 + The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + lateral plate mesoderm development + biological_process + GO:0048368 + lateral mesoderm development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. - placement in this class to be inferred - Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] - some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral - - - - AAO:0010776 - AEO:0000083 - BTO:0002157 - EHDAA2:0003083 - FMA:24321 - TAO:0001591 - VSAO:0000145 - XAO:0004018 - ZFA:0001591 - ossified chondrogenic bone - uberon - cartilaginous bone - endochondral bones - UBERON:0002513 - - - endochondral bone - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized. + lateral plate mesoderm morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048369 + lateral mesoderm morphogenesis - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - VSAO - - - + - Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. - - - GO:0001958 - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000145 - - - - - Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000145 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral - ZFA - - - - - ossified chondrogenic bone - VSAO:0000145 - - - - - cartilaginous bone - BTO:0002157 - - - - - endochondral bones - ZFA:0001591 - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized. + GOC:go_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. - Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] - [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] - - EMAPA:36615 - TAO:0001644 - ZFA:0001635 - uberon - intramembranous bones - membrane bone - UBERON:0002514 - intramembranous bone + The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + lateral plate mesoderm biosynthesis + lateral plate mesoderm formation + biological_process + GO:0048370 + lateral mesoderm formation - - - - VSAO - - - + - Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. - - - GO:0001957 - - - - - Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001644 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] - 2012-09-06 - TAO:0001644 - TAO - Curator - - - - - intramembranous bones - ZFA:0001635 - - - - - - membrane bone - AEO:0000085 + The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:jid - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. + biological_process + GO:0048389 + intermediate mesoderm development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. + GOC:dgh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. - basicranial - - - - FMA:52801 - MA:0002840 - MESH:D019291 - MFMO:0000044 - NCIT:C12493 - UMLS:C0149543 - base of cranium - base of skull - basis cranii - cranial base - uberon - UBERON:0002517 - - - The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816] - basicranium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png + The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048390 + intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis - + - The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. - - - - - - UMLS:C0149543 - ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Skull - - - - - base of skull - FMA:52801 - - - - - basis cranii - - FMA:52801 - FMA:TA - - - - - - cranial base - FMA:52801 - MA:0002840 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. - - - FMA:20113 - GAID:926 - MA:0002853 - MESH:D004547 - NCIT:C32495 - elastic connective tissue - textus connectivus elasticus - elastic fiber - uberon - UBERON:0002521 - - elastic tissue - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gray377.png + The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + biological_process + GO:0048391 + intermediate mesoderm formation - + - Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. - - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus - + The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dgh - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - BTO:0002011 - EMAPA:36298 - FMA:55590 - GAID:170 - MA:0002855 - MESH:D017540 - NCIT:C33821 - UMLS:C0162867 - uberon - tunica media vasorum - UBERON:0002522 - - May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue - tunica media - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390 + biological_process + terminal differentiation + GO:0048468 + + cell development - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0162867 - ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media - - - - - tunica media vasorum - - + The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. + GOC:go_curators - + - tunica media vasorum - BTO:0002011 + terminal differentiation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. - the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure - the FMA class represents a structure which may have both epithelium and fibroelastic connective tissue as parts - The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] - - - - - BTO:0002012 - EMAPA:36297 - FMA:55589 - GAID:523 - MA:0002861 - MESH:D017539 - NCIT:C33820 - UMLS:C0162864 - uberon - Bichat's tunic - intima - tunica intima vasorum - UBERON:0002523 - - tunica intima - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390 + biological_process + functional differentiation + GO:0048469 + + cell maturation - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - check for exceptions, e.g. capillaries - - - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - + - The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. - - ISBN:0073040584 - NCIT:C33820 - - - - - The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] - Wikipedia - - - - - - UMLS:C0162864 - ncithesaurus:Tunica_Intima - - - - - Bichat's tunic - BTO:0002012 - - - - - intima - BTO:0002012 + The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:go_curators - + - tunica intima vasorum - BTO:0002012 + functional differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. - - glandular - - - - AAO:0000212 - AEO:0000096 - BTO:0000522 - EFO:0000797 - EHDAA2:0003096 - EHDAA:2161 - EHDAA:4475 - EHDAA:6522 - EMAPA:18425 - FBbt:00100317 - FMA:7146 - FMA:86294 - HAO:0000375 - MA:0003038 - MAT:0000021 - MIAA:0000021 - NCIT:C13319 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C1285092 - WikipediaCategory:Glands - galen:Gland - glandular organ - uberon - Druese - glandula - UBERON:0002530 - - - - gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray1026.png + The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. + GO:0009993 + GO:0048157 + Wikipedia:Oogenesis + ovum development + biological_process + GO:0048477 + oogenesis - + - An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. - MGI:csmith - MP:0002163 - - - - - UMLS:C1285092 - ncithesaurus:Gland + The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. + GOC:kmv + GOC:mtg_sensu + GOC:pr - + - glandular organ - - - - - - Druese - BTO:0000522 - - - - - glandula - - - - - - - glandula - BTO:0000522 + ovum development + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. - MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class - In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] - - BTO:0004593 - FMA:296704 - MAT:0000067 - MIAA:0000067 - VHOG:0000243 - epiblast - uberon - blastocyst - ectoblast - epiblastus - primitive ectoderm - UBERON:0002532 - - - - - epiblast (generic) - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands. + biological_process + GO:0048483 + autonomic nervous system development - + - In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000243 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113344 Zorn AM, Wells JM, Vertebrate endoderm development and organ formation. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology (2009) - - - - - epiblast - VHOG:0000243 - - - - - ectoblast - MP:0003886 - - - - - epiblastus - - - - - - - primitive ectoderm - VHOG:0000243 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands. + FMA:9905 + GOC:jid + GOC:sr - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. - See notes from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.[AAO] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (5) a larva or embryo with a postanal tail.[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011104 - BTO:0001445 - EFO:0002748 - EHDAA2:0001976 - EHDAA:1595 - EMAPA:16580 - MAT:0000070 - MIAA:0000070 - TAO:0000077 - VHOG:0000201 - XAO:0000107 - ZFA:0000077 - tail bud - tailbud - uberon - end bud - tail bud mesenchyme - UBERON:0002533 - - - - - post-anal tail bud + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. + biological_process + GO:0048485 + sympathetic nervous system development - + - The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. - BTO:0001445 - - - - - Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011104 - AAO - ISBN:0815318960 - OMD:tail+bud - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (5) a larva or embryo with a postanal tail.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000201 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 - - - - - tail bud - ZFA:0000077 - - - - - end bud - BTO:0001445 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. + FMA:9906 + GOC:jid + GOC:sr + + + + + + + + + The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development. + biological_process + timing of cell differentiation + GO:0048505 + regulation of timing of cell differentiation + - - - tail bud mesenchyme - ZFA:0000077 + + + The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development. + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - - - - - + + + Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25943 + Wikipedia:Organogenesis + development of an organ + organogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048513 + animal organ development + + + + + Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]. - this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology - - BTO:0001237 - EFO:0000939 - FBbt:00007152 - HAO:0000933 - MAT:0000163 - MIAA:0000163 - TGMA:0000540 - sensillum - uberon - UBERON:0002536 - - - arthropod sensillum + The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. + biological_process + GO:0048514 + blood vessel morphogenesis - + - Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]. - - FBbt:00007152 - - - - - sensillum - FBbt:00007152 - HAO:0000933 + The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. + GOC:jid - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GO:0043119 + positive regulation of physiological process + up regulation of biological process + up-regulation of biological process + upregulation of biological process + activation of biological process + stimulation of biological process + biological_process + GO:0048518 + + positive regulation of biological process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GO:0043118 + down regulation of biological process + down-regulation of biological process + downregulation of biological process + negative regulation of physiological process + inhibition of biological process + biological_process + GO:0048519 + + negative regulation of biological process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + up regulation of behavior + up-regulation of behavior + upregulation of behavior + activation of behavior + stimulation of behavior + biological_process + GO:0048520 + positive regulation of behavior + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + GOC:jid + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + down regulation of behavior + down-regulation of behavior + downregulation of behavior + inhibition of behavior + biological_process + GO:0048521 + negative regulation of behavior + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + GOC:jid + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GO:0051242 + positive regulation of cellular physiological process + up regulation of cellular process + up-regulation of cellular process + upregulation of cellular process + activation of cellular process + stimulation of cellular process + biological_process + GO:0048522 + + positive regulation of cellular process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. - One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] - Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering - - - - AAO:0010359 - BTO:0001785 - EFO:0000959 - EHDAA:571 - EMAPA:16117 - FMA:293015 - GAID:1292 - MAT:0000242 - MESH:D001934 - MIAA:0000242 - NCIT:C34249 - TAO:0001306 - UMLS:C0080322 - VHOG:0000155 - XAO:0000096 - ZFA:0001306 - pharyngeal arches - branchial arch - uberon - arcus pharyngei - visceral arch - UBERON:0002539 - - - - - pharyngeal arch - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray41.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GO:0051243 + down regulation of cellular process + down-regulation of cellular process + downregulation of cellular process + negative regulation of cellular physiological process + inhibition of cellular process + biological_process + GO:0048523 + + negative regulation of cellular process - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GOC:jid - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. + haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development + haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development + hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development + biological_process + GO:0048534 + hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development + - - - - - - - - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. + GOC:add + GOC:rl + ISBN:0781735149 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. + biological_process + GO:0048536 + spleen development + - + - One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. - - - ZFA:yb - - - - - One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010359 - AAO - NLM:branchial+arch - - - - - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000155 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) - - - - - UMLS:C0080322 - ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Arch - - - - - pharyngeal arches - - - - - - branchial arch - BTO:0001785 - MP:0002884 - - - - - arcus pharyngei - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. - Do not merge with neurogenic placode - Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons - The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass - ectodermal placode - placode - AAO:0010466 - EFO:0001650 - FMA:293966 - MAT:0000369 - MIAA:0000369 - XAO:0000305 - ectodermal cranial placode - uberon - cranial placodes - UBERON:0002546 - - cranial placode + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0048539 + bone marrow development - - - - cjm + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. + response to steroid hormone stimulus + biological_process + GO:0048545 + response to steroid hormone + - + - Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. - - - - - - - - - - Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons - - - - - - ectodermal placode - - FMA:293966 - - - - - - placode - + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. + GOC:go_curators - + - ectodermal cranial placode - UBERON:cjm - - - - - cranial placodes - XAO:0000305 - + response to steroid hormone stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. - TODO discriminate between stages and organisms - Whole organism that is premetamorphic or a very immature individual.[TAO] - larval - - AEO:0000126 - BTO:0000707 - FBbt:00001727 - HAO:0000459 - MESH:D007814 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002048 - larval organism - ammocoete - bipinnaria - caterpillar - glochidium - grub - leptocephalus - maggot - naiad - nymph - planula - tadpole - trochophore - veliger - wriggler - zoea - uberon - UBERON:0002548 - - larva + The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. + GO:0048547 + gut morphogenesis + alimentary canal morphogenesis + digestive tube morphogenesis + gastrointestinal tract morphogenesis + intestinal morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048546 + digestive tract morphogenesis - + - A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. - - - - - - Whole organism that is premetamorphic or a very immature individual.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002048 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - larval organism - TAO:0002048 - - - - - ammocoete - - - - - - bipinnaria - - - - - - caterpillar - - - - - - glochidium - - - - - - grub - - - - - - leptocephalus - - - - - - maggot - - - - - - naiad - - - - - - nymph - - - - - - planula - - - - - - tadpole - - - - - - trochophore - - - - - - veliger - - - - - - wriggler - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + PMID:12618131 - - - zoea - + + + gut morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - - + + + - - + + - Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. - cavity - BIRNLEX:1011 - EMAPA:37442 - FMA:67552 - MA:0002447 - NCIT:C34007 - galen:Cavity - uberon - UBERON:0002553 - - anatomical cavity + Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + biological_process + GO:0048562 + embryonic organ morphogenesis - + - Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. - FMA:67552 - - - - - EMAPA:37442 - MA:th - - - - - - - - - - BIRNLEX:1019 - FMA:12237 - cavity of organ - uberon - UBERON:0002558 - - organ cavity - - - - - cavity of organ - FMA:12237 + Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. - - BIRNLEX:1029 - FMA:75007 - cavity of neuraxis - cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis - neuraxis cavity - neuraxis lumen - uberon - UBERON:0002561 - lumen of central nervous system + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. + gut development + intestinal development + intestine development + biological_process + GO:0048565 + digestive tract development - + - The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. - - - - - - - - - - - - cavity of neuraxis - FMA:75007 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. + GOC:go_curators - - - cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis - FMA:75007 - - - - - neuraxis cavity - FMA:75007 + + + gut development + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + + + + + - - + - + - - + + - Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. - - - BIRNLEX:1167 - FMA:55676 - NCIT:C13031 - UMLS:C0445620 - anatomical structure of brain - biological structure of brain - brain anatomical structure - brain biological structure - brain part - neuraxis segment - neuroanatomical region - segment of brain - uberon - UBERON:0002616 - - regional part of brain + Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + embryonic organogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048568 + embryonic organ development - + - Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. - BIRNLEX:1167 - - - - - UMLS:C0445620 - ncithesaurus:Brain_Part - - - - - anatomical structure of brain - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biological structure of brain - OBOL:automatic - - - - - brain anatomical structure - OBOL:automatic - - - - - brain biological structure - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neuraxis segment - FMA:55676 - - - - - segment of brain - BIRNLEX:1167 + Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. - - - - BIRNLEX:1499 - FMA:71166 - MA:0003081 - NCIT:C12892 - UMLS:C0581619 - UMLS:C1278837 - neuronames:1654 - cervical segment of spinal cord - cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] - cervical spinal cord - pars cervicalis medullae spinalis - segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 - uberon - UBERON:0002726 - cervical spinal cord + The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. + biological_process + GO:0048570 + notochord morphogenesis - + - A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0581619 - BIRNLEX:1499 - - - - - UMLS:C0581619 - ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Cord - - - - - UMLS:C1278837 - BIRNLEX:1499 - - - - - cervical segment of spinal cord - FMA:71166 - - - - - cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] - FMA:71166 - - - - - cervical spinal cord - FMA:71166 - - - - - pars cervicalis medullae spinalis - FMA:71166 - FMA:TA - - - - - - segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 - FMA:71166 - FMA:TA - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0048580 + regulation of post-embryonic development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. - massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. - - - - BM:V - BTO:0001074 - CALOHA:TS-2077 - EMAPA:35883 - EV:0100271 - FMA:71247 - GAID:604 - MA:0001028 - MESH:D014278 - NCIT:C12807 - UMLS:C0040999 - VHOG:0001353 - nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex - trigeminal V nucleus - trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus - trigeminal nucleus - uberon - nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini - nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis - nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis - UBERON:0002925 - - trigeminal nucleus + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + down regulation of post-embryonic development + down-regulation of post-embryonic development + downregulation of post-embryonic development + inhibition of post-embryonic development + biological_process + GO:0048581 + negative regulation of post-embryonic development - - - - FMA - - - + - A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. - GO - https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/58 - - - - - UMLS:C0040999 - ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nucleus - - - - - nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex - FMA:71247 - - - - - trigeminal V nucleus - MA:0001028 - - - - - trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus - FMA:71247 - - - - - trigeminal nucleus - FMA:71248 - - - - - nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini - BTO:0001074 - - - - - nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis - BTO:0001074 - - - - - nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis - BTO:0001074 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + GOC:jid - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + up regulation of post-embryonic development + up-regulation of post-embryonic development + upregulation of post-embryonic development + activation of post-embryonic development + stimulation of post-embryonic development + biological_process + GO:0048582 + positive regulation of post-embryonic development + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0048583 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + regulation of response to stimulus + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + up regulation of response to stimulus + up-regulation of response to stimulus + upregulation of response to stimulus + activation of response to stimulus + stimulation of response to stimulus + biological_process + GO:0048584 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + positive regulation of response to stimulus + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + down regulation of response to stimulus + down-regulation of response to stimulus + downregulation of response to stimulus + inhibition of response to stimulus + biological_process + GO:0048585 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + negative regulation of response to stimulus + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). - - involved in the initiation of REM sleep [Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum] - - - - BAMS:PTg - BIRNLEX:923 - DHBA:12416 - FMA:71108 - HBA:9135 - MESH:D065821 - UMLS:C0228426 - neuronames:557 - dorsal pons - dorsal portion of pons - tegmental portion of pons - tegmentum of pons - tegmentum pontis - uberon - pars dorsalis pontis - pars posterior pontis - tegmentum pontis - UBERON:0003023 - - - pontine tegmentum - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Brainstem_Abducens.png + The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. + developmental growth of a unicellular organism + biological_process + GO:0048588 + developmental cell growth - + - Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). - BIRNLEX:923 - - - - - UMLS:C0228426 - BIRNLEX:923 - - - - - neuronames:557 - BIRNLEX:923 - - - - - dorsal portion of pons - FMA:71108 - - - - - tegmental portion of pons - FMA:71108 - - - - - tegmentum of pons - FMA:71108 - - - - - tegmentum pontis - FMA:71108 - FMA:TA - - - - - - pars dorsalis pontis - NeuroNames:557 - - - - - - pars posterior pontis - NeuroNames:557 - - - - - - tegmentum pontis - - + The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:isa_complete - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. - septal - - AAO:0011127 - FMA:86461 - OpenCyc:Mx4rrqot_on_EdaAAAACs0uFOQ - septa - uberon - UBERON:0003037 - - general anatomical term in FMA - septum + The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. + biological_process + GO:0048589 + developmental growth - + - A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. - - - - - - septa - + The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - BIRNLEX:966 - FMA:71167 - MA:0003082 - NCIT:C12894 - UMLS:C0581620 - neuronames:1718 - pars thoracica medullae spinalis - segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] - thoracic region of spinal cord - thoracic segment of spinal cord - thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] - thoracic spinal cord - uberon - UBERON:0003038 - - thoracic spinal cord - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gray820.png + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. + GO:0048748 + biological_process + GO:0048592 + eye morphogenesis - + - The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0581620 - BIRNLEX:966 - - - - - UMLS:C0581620 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spinal_Cord - - - - - pars thoracica medullae spinalis - FMA:71167 - FMA:TA - - - - - - segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] - FMA:71167 - FMA:TA - - - - - - thoracic region of spinal cord - FMA:71167 - - - - - thoracic segment of spinal cord - FMA:71167 - - - - - thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] - FMA:71167 - - - - - thoracic spinal cord - FMA:71167 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. + GO:0048594 + GO:0048595 + camera-style eye morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048593 + camera-type eye morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + camera-style eye morphogenesis + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development. + embryonic eye morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048596 + embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. - consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure - Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011064 - DMBA:16810 - EHDAA2:0004395 - EHDAA:5789 - EMAPA:32857 - NCIT:C93172 - TAO:0000042 - VHOG:0000649 - XAO:0000016 - ZFA:0000042 - neuronames:2076 - MHB - mid-hindbrain boundary - mid-hindbrain junction - midbrain hindbrain boundary - uberon - isthmic organizer territory - isthmo-cerebellar region - isthmus - isthmus/MHB - UBERON:0003052 - - - - midbrain-hindbrain boundary + The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. + GO:0048828 + embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048598 + embryonic morphogenesis - - - - ZFA - + + + The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu - - - + + + embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - ZFA - - - - - + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0048599 + oocyte development + - + - The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. - GO:0021555 - - - - - Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000649 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y, Uchida K, Rijli FM and Kuratani S, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005) - - - - - isthmic organizer territory - XAO:0000016 - - - - - isthmo-cerebellar region - VHOG:0000649 - - - - - isthmus/MHB - Geisha:syn - NCBITaxon:8782 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. - The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] - In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] - In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis - Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) - - EHDAA2:0001846 - EHDAA:6538 - FMA:295662 - NCIT:C34247 - TAO:0001185 - UMLS:C1518973 - VHOG:0001680 - XAO:0000029 - ZFA:0001185 - skin periderm - uberon - EVL - epidermis epithelial layer - epidermis outer layer - epitrichium - periderm - UBERON:0003055 - - - periderm + + + + + + + The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte. + oocyte morphogenesis during differentiation + biological_process + GO:0048601 + oocyte morphogenesis - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + - + - - EHDAA2 - + + The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23445 + biological_process + GO:0048608 + reproductive structure development + - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:jid - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. + organismal reproductive process + reproductive process in a multicellular organism + biological_process + GO:0048609 + multicellular organismal reproductive process + - + - A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. - ISBN:9780878932504 - - - - - The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001185 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001185 - TAO - - - - - UMLS:C1518973 - ncithesaurus:Periderm - - - - - skin periderm - EHDAA2:0001846 - - - - - EVL - ZFA:0001185 - - - - - epitrichium - MP:0013530 + The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011084 - TAO:0007016 - VHOG:0001200 - XAO:0000045 - ZFA:0007016 - uberon - anterior neural plate - UBERON:0003056 - pre-chordal neural plate + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + biological_process + GO:0048627 + myoblast development - + - The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. - XB:curator - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001200 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - TAO:0007017 - VHOG:0001201 - XAO:0000046 - ZFA:0007017 - uberon - posterior neural plate - UBERON:0003057 - chordal neural plate + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + biological_process + GO:0048628 + myoblast maturation - + - The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. - XB:curator - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001201 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size. + biological_process + GO:0048630 + skeletal muscle tissue growth + + + + + The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size. + GOC:lm + PMID:15726494 + PMID:15907921 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. + biological_process + GO:0048631 + regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. + GOC:lm + PMID:15726494 + PMID:15907921 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. - Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011086 - EFO:0001982 - EMAPA:16189 - EMAPA:16752 - TAO:0000279 - VHOG:0000559 - XAO:0000057 - ZFA:0000279 - segmental plate - unsegmented paraxial mesoderm - uberon - PSM - presumptive somite mesoderm - somitogenic mesoderm - somitomeric mesoderm - unsegmented mesenchyme - UBERON:0003059 - - - presomitic mesoderm + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. + down regulation of skeletal muscle growth + down-regulation of skeletal muscle growth + downregulation of skeletal muscle growth + inhibition of skeletal muscle growth + biological_process + GO:0048632 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - + - Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000279 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000559 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1006/dbio.2001.0460 Schubert M, Holland LZ, Dale Stokes M and Holland ND, Three Amphoxius Wnt Genes (AmphiWnt3, AmphiWnt5, and AmphiWnt6) Associated with the Tail Bud: the Evolution of Somitogenesis in Chordates. Developmental Biology (2001) - - - - - unsegmented paraxial mesoderm - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. + GOC:lm + PMID:15726494 + PMID:15907921 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth. + up regulation of skeletal muscle growth + up-regulation of skeletal muscle growth + upregulation of skeletal muscle growth + activation of skeletal muscle growth + stimulation of skeletal muscle growth + biological_process + GO:0048633 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth + + + + + - - - somitomeric mesoderm - GO:0002075 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - unsegmented mesenchyme - VHOG:0000559 + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth. + GOC:lm + PMID:15726494 + PMID:15907921 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. + biological_process + GO:0048634 + regulation of muscle organ development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. + down regulation of muscle development + down-regulation of muscle development + downregulation of muscle development + inhibition of muscle development + biological_process + GO:0048635 + negative regulation of muscle organ development + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. + up regulation of muscle development + up-regulation of muscle development + upregulation of muscle development + activation of muscle development + stimulation of muscle development + biological_process + GO:0048636 + positive regulation of muscle organ development + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + - Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. - Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] - relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] - Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac - ventral lateral plate mesoderm - - - AAO:0011006 - EFO:0003489 - EHDAA:207 - NCIT:C34113 - TAO:0000094 - TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 - UMLS:C1511224 - VHOG:0000085 - XAO:0000067 - ZFA:0000094 - blood islands - uberon - VBI - caudal hematopoietic tissue - posterior ICM - posterior blood island - ventral blood island - UBERON:0003061 - - - - - blood island + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. + biological_process + GO:0048638 + regulation of developmental growth - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:0073040584 - + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. + up regulation of developmental growth + up-regulation of developmental growth + upregulation of developmental growth + activation of developmental growth + stimulation of developmental growth + biological_process + GO:0048639 + positive regulation of developmental growth + - + - Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. - - - - - - Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000094 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011006 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000094 - TAO - - - - - Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000085 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.450, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) - - - - - EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac - EHDAA2 - - - - - UMLS:C1511224 - ncithesaurus:Blood_Island - - - - - blood islands - + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. + down regulation of developmental growth + down-regulation of developmental growth + downregulation of developmental growth + inhibition of developmental growth + biological_process + GO:0048640 + negative regulation of developmental growth + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. + biological_process + GO:0048641 + regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. + GOC:go_curators + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. - TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? - Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] - There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0004881 - head mesenchyme - head mesoderm - - AAO:0011085 - EHDAA2:0001493 - EHDAA:181 - FMA:295532 - TAO:0000060 - VHOG:0000086 - XAO:0000079 - ZFA:0000060 - uberon - UBERON:0003063 - - - - prechordal plate + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. + down regulation of skeletal muscle development + down-regulation of skeletal muscle development + downregulation of skeletal muscle development + inhibition of skeletal muscle development + biological_process + GO:0048642 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. + GOC:go_curators - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - PMID:16313393 - + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development. + up regulation of skeletal muscle development + up-regulation of skeletal muscle development + upregulation of skeletal muscle development + activation of skeletal muscle development + stimulation of skeletal muscle development + biological_process + GO:0048643 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development + - + - A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. - ISBN:0838580343 - MP:0004387 - - - - - Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000060 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000086 - VHOG - - - - - - There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000086 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00073.x Neidert AH, Panopoulou G and Langeland JA, Amphioxus goosecoid and the evolution of the head organizer and prechordal plate. Evolution and Development (2008) - - - - - head mesenchyme - XAO:0000079 - - - - - head mesoderm - XAO:0000079 + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development. + GOC:go_curators - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048644 + muscle organ morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. + animal organ primordium initiation + initiation of an animal organ primordium + biological_process + GO:0048645 + animal organ formation + + + + + The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + - - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048646 + + Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. + anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:tb + + + + + formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. - Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] - (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] - all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). - - - - AAO:0010575 - EMAPA:16056 - EMAPA:16178 - FMA:293147 - NCIT:C34193 - TAO:0001206 - UMLS:C1284010 - VHOG:0000087 - XAO:0000085 - ZFA:0001206 - uberon - IM - intermediate mesenchyme - intermediate plate - intermediate plate mesoderm - mesenchyma intermedium - UBERON:0003064 - - - - intermediate mesoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + SMC proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048659 + smooth muscle cell proliferation - - - - - - - - - AAO + + + The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ebc + PMID:1840698 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EMAPA - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + regulation of SMC proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048660 + regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ebc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - XAO - + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + positive regulation of SMC proliferation + up regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + up-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + upregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + activation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048661 + positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + - + - The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. - - GOC:curators - - - - - Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010575 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000087 - VHOG - - Wikipedia:Mesoderm, ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.43 - - - - - all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C1284010 - ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Mesoderm - - - - - intermediate mesenchyme - - - - - - intermediate plate - EMAPA:16178 - - - - - intermediate plate mesoderm - - - - - - mesenchyma intermedium - - + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ebc - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. - In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] - TAO:0001310 - VHOG:0000103 - XAO:0000187 - ZFA:0001310 - dorsolateral placodes - uberon - UBERON:0003067 - The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode - dorsolateral placode + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + down regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + down-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + downregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation + negative regulation of SMC proliferation + inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0048662 + negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation - - - - NCBIBook:NBK53175 - - - + - Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000103 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) - - - - - dorsolateral placodes - ZFA:0001310 - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ebc - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0048666 + neuron development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. - The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] - - AAO:0011017 - EFO:0003647 - TAO:0001204 - VHOG:0000107 - XAO:0000205 - ZFA:0001204 - uberon - chordamesoderm - UBERON:0003068 - - - axial mesoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. + neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation + biological_process + GO:0048667 + cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation - + - The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. - - GO:0048318 + The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000107 - VHOG - + + + neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. + neuron generation + biological_process + GO:0048699 + generation of neurons + - - - chordamesoderm - + + + The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. + GOC:nln - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. - The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.[XAO] - The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion, distinguishable during much of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - The dorsolateral placodes (trigeminal and vestibular) develop from ectoderm lateral to the brain (...). In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] - Consider naming this 'trigeminal placode complex'. Also, Fig9-5 of ISBN:0471888893 calls this the profundus placode; XAO says 'profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end...' - - - - EFO:0003433 - EHDAA2:0004209 - TAO:0000162 - VHOG:0000109 - XAO:0000225 - ZFA:0000162 - trigeminal V placode - trigeminal placode - uberon - profundus V placode - profundus placode - trigeminal placodes - UBERON:0003070 - - trigeminal placode complex + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. + skeletal morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048705 + skeletal system morphogenesis - - - - ISBN:0471888893 - - - + - A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. - - - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. + GOC:dph + GOC:dsf + GOC:jid + GOC:tb - - - The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.[XAO] - XAO - - - - - The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion, distinguishable during much of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000162 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The dorsolateral placodes (trigeminal and vestibular) develop from ectoderm lateral to the brain (...). In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000109 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) - - - + - trigeminal placode - EHDAA2:0004209 - VHOG:0000109 - XAO:0000225 - ZFA:0000162 - - - - - profundus V placode - ISBN:0471888893 - - - - - - profundus placode - ISBN:0471888893 - - - - - - trigeminal placodes - ZFA:0000162 - + skeletal morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. - TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. - UBERON:0005060 - AAO:0011038 - EFO:0003541 - EHDAA2:0004431 - TAO:0000570 - XAO:0000227 - XAO:0004090 - ZFA:0000570 - eye placode - occular primordium - ocular primordium - optic placode - optic placode of camera-type eye - optic primordium - uberon - eye anlage - eye field - optic field - optic placodes - UBERON:0003071 - - eye primordium + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048729 + tissue morphogenesis - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - XAO - + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. + biological_process + hypodermis morphogenesis + GO:0048730 + epidermis morphogenesis + - + - Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. - GO:0046619 - ZFA:0000570 - - - - - TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. - GO - - - - - eye placode - OBOL:automatic - - - - - optic placode - GO:0046619 - - - - - optic placode of camera-type eye - - GO:0046619 - - - - - eye anlage - XAO:0000227 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. + GOC:jid + UBERON:0001003 - + - optic placodes - + hypodermis morphogenesis + GOC:kmv + GOC:rk - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. + biological_process + GO:0048731 + + system development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] - - - BTO:0005351 - EHDAA2:0001303 - EHDAA:2912 - EMAPA:16674 - NCIT:C34233 - TAO:0001202 - UMLS:C0231109 - VHOG:0000167 - ZFA:0001202 - uberon - eye cup - eyecup - ocular cup - ophtalmic cup - UBERON:0003072 - - - optic cup + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. + biological_process + GO:0048732 + gland development - - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - ZFA - - - - - + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. + biological_process + GO:0048736 + appendage development + - + - Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. - - MP:0004269 - ZFA:0001202 - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000167 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - UMLS:C0231109 - ncithesaurus:Optic_Cup - - - - - eyecup - BTO:0005351 - - - - - ocular cup - VHOG:0000167 - - - - - ophtalmic cup - BTO:0005351 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. + GOC:jid + GOC:rc - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + heart muscle development + biological_process + GO:0048738 + cardiac muscle tissue development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:lm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. - Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) - - - AAO:0011055 - EFO:0003494 - EHDAA2:0000982 - EHDAA:2908 - EMAPA:16672 - FMA:296767 - NCIT:C34202 - TAO:0000122 - UMLS:C1517770 - VHOG:0000166 - XAO:0000240 - ZFA:0000122 - uberon - lens placodes - placoda lentis - UBERON:0003073 - - - - - lens placode - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray864.png - - - - - - NCBIBook:NBK53175 - - - - - + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + skeletal muscle fibre development + skeletal myofiber development + skeletal myofibre development + biological_process + GO:0048741 + skeletal muscle fiber development + - + - A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000122 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000166 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) - NCBIBook:NBK53175 - - - - - UMLS:C1517770 - ncithesaurus:Lens_Placodes + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + GOC:dph + GOC:ef + GOC:jid + GOC:lm + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development + regulation of skeletal myofiber development + regulation of skeletal myofibre development + biological_process + GO:0048742 + regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + + + + + - - - lens placodes - ZFA:0000122 - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - placoda lentis - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_muscle + GOC:sm - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + positive regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development + positive regulation of skeletal myofiber development + positive regulation of skeletal myofibre development + up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + activation of skeletal muscle fiber development + stimulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + biological_process + GO:0048743 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:lm + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + negative regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development + negative regulation of skeletal myofiber development + negative regulation of skeletal myofibre development + inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber development + biological_process + GO:0048744 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:lm + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0048745 + smooth muscle tissue development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + GOC:lm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. - The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - - - AAO:0011072 - BTO:0001765 - DHBA:10153 - DMBA:15565 - EHDAA:346 - EHDAA:902 - EMAPA:35593 - FMA:293879 - MESH:D054258 - NCIT:C34225 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 - TAO:0000132 - UMLS:C0920623 - VHOG:0000068 - XAO:0000249 - ZFA:0000132 - neuronames:1362 - uberon - lamina neuralis - presumptive central nervous system - UBERON:0003075 - - - - neural plate - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. + GO:0007456 + insect-type retina development + biological_process + GO:0048749 + compound eye development - - - - GO + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. + GOC:jid + GOC:mtg_sensu + Wikipedia:Eye - - - - - - - - - GOTAX:0000352 + + + insect-type retina development + PMID:11735386 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - - - - - + + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule. + pigment granule organisation + biological_process + pigment granule organization and biogenesis + GO:0048753 + + pigment granule organization + - + - A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. - - ISBN:0815318960 - OMD:neural+plate - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000132 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000068 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 - - - - - UMLS:C0920623 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Plate + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule. + GOC:rc - + - lamina neuralis - - + pigment granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011082 - TAO:0007037 - VHOG:0001383 - XAO:0000250 - ZFA:0007037 - uberon - UBERON:0003076 - posterior neural tube + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. + biological_process + tubulogenesis + GO:0048754 + branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube - - - - lexical + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001383 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + + + tubulogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron). + biological_process + GO:0048755 + branching morphogenesis of a nerve + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron). + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. - Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] - Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] - note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) - - - - AAO:0010568 - EFO:0003515 - EMAPA:16183 - EMAPA:16751 - FMA:293145 - NCIT:C34244 - TAO:0000255 - UMLS:C1284009 - VHOG:0000114 - XAO:0000259 - ZFA:0000255 - paraxial mesenchyme - somitic mesoderm - uberon - mesoderma paraxiale - UBERON:0003077 - - - - paraxial mesoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + biological_process + GO:0048762 + mesenchymal cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - Bgee:AN - - - + - The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. - - GO:0048339 - - - - - Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010568 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000114 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/dvdy.21177 Kusakabe R and Kuratani S. Evolutionary perspectives from development of mesodermal components in the lamprey. Developmental dynamics (2007) - - - - - note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C1284009 - ncithesaurus:Paraxial_Mesoderm - - - - - paraxial mesenchyme - - - ZFA:0000255 - - - - - somitic mesoderm - ISBN:9780878932504 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. + cellular_component + GO:0048770 + pigment granule + - - - mesoderma paraxiale - - + + + A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. + GOC:jid + GOC:mh - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + biological_process + GO:0048799 + animal organ maturation + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:curators + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. - Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG] - These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] - Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively - in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group - AAO:0011036 - EFO:0003455 - FMA:293968 - TAO:0001294 - VHOG:0000117 - XAO:0000284 - ZFA:0001294 - epibranchial placodes - uberon - ventrolateral placode - UBERON:0003078 - - epibranchial placode + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + genital development + biological_process + GO:0048806 + genitalia development - - - - NCBIBook:NBK53175 - ZFA + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:jid - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - ZFA - - - - - + + - - + + - - EHDAA2-abduced - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. + neurite biosynthesis + neurite formation + neurite growth + biological_process + neurite morphogenesis + GO:0048812 + neuron projection morphogenesis + - + - Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. - VHOG:0000117 - - - - - Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000117 - VHOG - - - - - - These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000117 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A, The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) - - - - - Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively - NCBIBook:NBK53175 + The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. + GOC:mah - - - in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group - XAO - - - - - epibranchial placodes - ZFA:0001294 - - - - + - ventrolateral placode - ISBN:0471888893 + neurite morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - AAO:0011012 - TAO:0007038 - VHOG:0001384 - XAO:0000307 - ZFA:0007038 - uberon - UBERON:0003080 - anterior neural tube + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + RBC development + red blood cell development + biological_process + GO:0048821 + erythrocyte development - - - - lexical + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:devbiol - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001384 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + + + RBC development + CL:0000232 + + + + + red blood cell development + CL:0000232 - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. - Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] - The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] - A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] - subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. - UBERON:0006258 - - - - AAO:0010574 - EHDAA2:0000919 - EHDAA:379 - EMAPA:16179 - FMA:293149 - NCIT:C34199 - TAO:0000121 - UMLS:C1517749 - VHOG:0000118 - XAO:0000311 - ZFA:0000121 - LPM - lateral mesoderm - uberon - lateral plate - lateral plate mesenchyme - mesoderma laminae lateralis - UBERON:0003081 - - - lateral plate mesoderm - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + enucleate RBC development + enucleate red blood cell development + biological_process + GO:0048822 + enucleate erythrocyte development - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - VHOG - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - XAO - - - + - Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. - - MP:0010117 - - - - - Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010574 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000118 - VHOG - - - - - - A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000118 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) - - - - - subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. - ZFA - - - - - UMLS:C1517749 - ncithesaurus:Lateral_Mesoderm + The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:devbiol - + - LPM - ZFA:0000121 - + enucleate RBC development + CL:0000232 - + - lateral mesoderm - GO:0048368 - - - - - lateral plate mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0000919 - - - - - mesoderma laminae lateralis - - + enucleate red blood cell development + CL:0000232 - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. - The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere. - Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011067 - AEO:0001018 - BTO:0000742 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 - EHDAA:1721 - EHDAA:1727 - EHDAA:1733 - EHDAA:1739 - EMAPA:32841 - FMA:295658 - NCIT:C34214 - TAO:0001056 - UMLS:C1513802 - VHOG:0001244 - XAO:0000315 - ZFA:0001056 - myomeres - uberon - muscle plate - myomere - myotome region - myotomes - myotomus - UBERON:0003082 - - - - myotome - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png + The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + nucleate RBC development + nucleate red blood cell development + biological_process + GO:0048823 + nucleate erythrocyte development - - - - AEO - - - - - - - - - - - WP - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-abduced - - - + - A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. - AEO:0001018 - - - - - Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001056 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001244 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.embor920 Hollway GE, Currie PD, Myotome meanderings. Cellular morphogenesis and the making of muscle. EMBO Rep.(2003) - - - - - UMLS:C1513802 - ncithesaurus:Myotome_Region + The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:devbiol - + - myomeres - TAO:0001056 - + nucleate RBC development + CL:0000232 - - - myotomus - - + + + nucleate red blood cell development + CL:0000232 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. - Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0010582 - EFO:0003605 - EHDAA2:0001901 - TAO:0001024 - VHOG:0000062 - XAO:0000319 - ZFA:0001024 - TNC - uberon - trunk crest - UBERON:0003083 - - - trunk neural crest + The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. + arterial morphogenesis + arteriogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048844 + artery morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. - - ISBN:0815318960 - - - - - Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010582 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000062 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. + GOC:dsf + PMID:16740480 - + - TNC - XAO:0000319 - + arteriogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. + vein morphogenesis + venous morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0048845 + venous blood vessel morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. + GOC:dsf + PMID:16740480 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. - should probably be merged with heart rudiment. - Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] - The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] - relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] - - AAO:0011044 - BTO:0001887 - NCIT:C34276 - TAO:0000028 - UMLS:C1514450 - XAO:0000336 - ZFA:0000028 - uberon - cardiac field - fused heart primordium - UBERON:0003084 - - heart primordium + The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). + biological_process + GO:0048854 + brain morphogenesis - - - - Obol + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). + GOC:dgh + GOC:jid - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - XAO - + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + development of an anatomical structure + biological_process + GO:0048856 + + + + anatomical structure development + - + - Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000028 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011044 - AAO - XAO:curator - - - - - relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000028 - TAO - - - - - UMLS:C1514450 - ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Heart - - - - - cardiac field - ZFA:0000028 + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + GO_REF:0000021 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - + - - + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma. + biological_process + GO:0048857 + neural nucleus development + + + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma. + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0048858 + cell projection morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. - Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.[AAO] - - AAO:0011023 - EFO:0003472 - TAO:0000011 - VHOG:0000123 - XAO:0000364 - ZFA:0000011 - uberon - CA - UBERON:0003086 - - - caudal artery + The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + biological_process + GO:0048859 + formation of anatomical boundary - + - Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000011 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011023 - AAO - ISBN:0-226-55763-4 + The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. + GO_REF:0000021 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. - Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] - The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] - part_of somite in XAO - - - AAO:0010571 - AEO:0000212 - EHDAA2:0003439 - EMAPA:31159 - FMA:295652 - NCIT:C34287 - TAO:0001080 - UMLS:C0183176 - VHOG:0000680 - XAO:0000397 - ZFA:0001080 - sclerotomes - uberon - sclerotomus - UBERON:0003089 - - - - sclerotome - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + + Wikipedia:Stem_cell_differentiation + biological_process + GO:0048863 + stem cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + CL:0000034 + GOC:isa_complete - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - VHOG:0000680 - - - - - + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0048864 + stem cell development + - + - Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. - - - XB:curator + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. + CL:0000034 + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + + A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. + biological_process + GO:0048869 + cellular developmental process + - - - Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010571 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809 + cell locomotion + movement of a cell + biological_process + cell movement + GO:0048870 + + + + + cell motility + - - - The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000680 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + + + Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mlg + + + + + + + + + Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. + biological_process + GO:0048871 + multicellular organismal-level homeostasis + - - - part_of somite in XAO - XAO + + + Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. + GOC:isa_complete + + + + + + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24218 + cell population homeostasis + homeostasis of cell number + biological_process + GO:0048872 + homeostasis of number of cells + - - - UMLS:C0183176 - ncithesaurus:Sclerotome + + + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. + GOC:isa_complete - + - sclerotomes - TAO:0001080 - + homeostasis of cell number + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0048880 + sensory system development + - - - sclerotomus - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dgh - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. - Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] - Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0010580 - EFO:0003645 - EHDAA2:0004420 - EMAPA:16091 - TAO:0001194 - VHOG:0000063 - XAO:0001001 - ZFA:0001194 - CNC - cephalic neural crest - cranial NCC population - head NCC population - uberon - crista neuralis cranialis - head crest - head neural crest - UBERON:0003099 - - - - cranial neural crest + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0048934 + peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation - + - Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. - MGI:anna - - - - - Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010580 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001194 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000063 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - CNC - XAO:0001001 - - - - - - cephalic neural crest - EMAPA:16091 - - - - - crista neuralis cranialis - - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. + GOC:dgh - + - - - Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. - - - AAO:0010030 - BILA:0000028 - CARO:0000028 - FBbt:00007011 - FMA:67812 - HAO:0000028 - TAO:0000303 - TGMA:0001839 - XAO:0003005 - ZFA:0000303 - female human body - uberon - female - UBERON:0003100 - - - female organism + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. + biological_process + GO:0048935 + peripheral nervous system neuron development - + - Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. - CARO:0000028 - - - - - female human body - FMA:67812 - - - - - - female - TAO:0000303 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. + GOC:dgh - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. - consider obsoleting. See issue/1305 - Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] - - - - AAO:0010337 - AEO_RETIRED:0000010 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 - TAO:0000292 - VSAO:0000001 - XAO:0003028 - ZFA:0000292 - galen:SurfaceRegion - anatomical surface feature - uberon - surface feature - surface region - surface structures - UBERON:0003102 - - surface structure + Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + chromosome localisation + establishment and maintenance of chromosome localization + establishment and maintenance of chromosome position + biological_process + GO:0050000 + chromosome localization - + - Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. - - - - - - - Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000292 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - anatomical surface feature - EHDAA2:0003010 - - - - - surface structures - ZFA:0000292 - + chromosome localisation + GOC:mah - + - - - Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. - this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs - AAO:0010015 - AEO:0000024 - BILA:0000024 - CARO:0000024 - EHDAA2:0003024 - HAO:0000024 - TADS:0000598 - TAO:0000496 - TGMA:0001837 - VHOG:0001723 - XAO:0003041 - ZFA:0000496 - uberon - organ - UBERON:0003103 - - - compound organ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + biological_process + GO:0050432 + catecholamine secretion - + - Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. - CARO:0000024 + The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + GOC:ai + GOC:ef - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. + biological_process + GO:0050433 + regulation of catecholamine secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0050657 + nucleic acid transport + + + + + The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. - the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense - A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] - mesenchymal - - - AAO:0010427 - AEO:0000145 - BTO:0001393 - CALOHA:TS-0620 - EHDAA2:0003145 - EV:0100007 - NCIT:C13301 - TAO:0000393 - UMLS:C0162415 - VHOG:0000170 - XAO:0003046 - ZFA:0000393 - mesenchymal tissue - mesenchyme tissue - portion of mesenchymal tissue - portion of mesenchyme tissue - uberon - mesenchyma - UBERON:0003104 - - - - mesenchyme - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg + The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0050658 + RNA transport - + - Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. - - - - - - - - A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000393 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010427 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - UMLS:C0162415 - ncithesaurus:Mesenchyme - - - - - mesenchyma - - + The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. + biological_process + GO:0050673 + epithelial cell proliferation + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.[TAO] - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.[AAO] - AAO:0010206 - EFO:0003525 - NCIT:C98765 - TAO:0000351 - XAO:0003172 - ZFA:0000351 - uberon - ethmoid region - UBERON:0003112 - - olfactory region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0050678 + regulation of epithelial cell proliferation - + - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. - TAO:0000351 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000351 - TAO - TAO:MAH - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010206 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - ethmoid region - ZFA:0000351 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + GOC:ai - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + up regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + up-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + upregulation of epithelial cell proliferation + activation of epithelial cell proliferation + stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0050679 + positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation + inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0050680 + negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + biological_process + GO:0050708 + regulation of protein secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. - wikipedia treats skull roof and dermatocranium as synonymous, but some sources treat the roof as being part of the dermatocranium - see UBERONREF:0000007 - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of dermally derived bones.[TAO] - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.[AAO] - - AAO:0010154 - TAO:0000863 - VHOG:0001665 - XAO:0003169 - ZFA:0000863 - dendrocranium - exocranium - dermal skull roof - dermatocranial cover - roof of skull - skull roof - uberon - dermal bone cranium - dermal part of skull - dermal skull bones - roofing bones of the skull - skull exoskeleton - UBERON:0003113 - dermatocranium + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + down regulation of protein secretion + down-regulation of protein secretion + downregulation of protein secretion + inhibition of protein secretion + biological_process + GO:0050709 + negative regulation of protein secretion - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + up regulation of protein secretion + up-regulation of protein secretion + upregulation of protein secretion + activation of protein secretion + stimulation of protein secretion + biological_process + GO:0050714 + positive regulation of protein secretion + - + - Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. - - ZFA:0000863 - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of dermally derived bones.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000863 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010154 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - dendrocranium - TAO:0000863 - - - - - exocranium - UBERONREF:0000007 - - - - - dermal skull roof - - - - - - - roof of skull - - - - - - skull roof - - - - - - - dermal bone cranium - ZFA:0000863 - - - - - roofing bones of the skull - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. + GOC:ai - + - - - Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. - The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.[AAO] - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 - 4 - - AAO:0010366 - EHDAA2:0000086 - EHDAA:1663 - EMAPA:16760 - FMA:293035 - TAO:0001599 - VHOG:0000299 - XAO:0000449 - ZFA:0001607 - 4th branchial arch - 4th pharyngeal arch - 4th visceral arch - fourth pharyngeal arch - gill arch 2 - second gill arch - visceral arch 4 - uberon - 4th arch - branchial arch 2 - fourth visceral arch - second branchial arch - UBERON:0003115 - - - - pharyngeal arch 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. + biological_process + GO:0050767 + regulation of neurogenesis - + - Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. - MP:0006340 - - - - - The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010366 - AAO - ISBN:0-02-377110-0 - - - - - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000299 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) - - - - - in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 - XAO - - - - - 4th branchial arch - - - - - - gill arch 2 - ZFA:0001607 - - - - - - second gill arch - ZFA:0001607 - - - - - - 4th arch - EHDAA2:0000086 - - - - - branchial arch 2 - AAO:0010366 - ZFA:0001607 - - - - - - fourth visceral arch - VHOG:0000299 - - - - - second branchial arch - ZFA:0001607 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. + GOC:ai - + - - - The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. - The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - 6 - UBERON:0004349 - - AAO:0010368 - EHDAA2:0004075 - EMAPA:32766 - FMA:293047 - TAO:0001601 - VHOG:0001205 - XAO:0000453 - ZFA:0001609 - 6th arch - gill arch 4 - sixth branchial arch - visceral arch 6 - uberon - 6th pharyngeal arch - 6th visceral arch - branchial arch 4 - fourth branchial arch - sixth pharyngeal arch - sixth visceral arch - UBERON:0003117 - - pharyngeal arch 6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. + down regulation of neurogenesis + down-regulation of neurogenesis + downregulation of neurogenesis + inhibition of neurogenesis + biological_process + GO:0050768 + negative regulation of neurogenesis - + - The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. - MP:0006347 - - - - - The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010368 - AAO - ISBN:0-02-377110-0 - - - - - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001205 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M, Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) - - - - - 6th arch - EHDAA2:0004075 - - - - - gill arch 4 - ZFA:0001609 - - - - - visceral arch 6 - ZFA:0001609 - - - - - 6th pharyngeal arch - VHOG:0001205 - - - - - 6th visceral arch - VHOG:0001205 - - - - - branchial arch 4 - AAO:0010368 - ZFA:0001609 - - - - - - fourth branchial arch - - - - - - sixth pharyngeal arch - VHOG:0001205 - - - - - sixth visceral arch - XAO:0000453 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - Disappears early in development in tetrapods - ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas - UBERON:0004371 - - AAO:0010415 - EHDAA2:0000007 - EMAPA:16202 - EMAPA:16685 - TAO:0005005 - VHOG:0000149 - XAO:0000342 - ZFA:0005005 - 1st arch artery - AA1 - aortic arch 1 - first aortic arch - first branchial arch artery - mandibular aortic arch - uberon - 1st aortic arch artery - 1st branchial arch artery - 1st pharyngeal arch artery - first arch artery - UBERON:0003118 - - - pharyngeal arch artery 1 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. + up regulation of neurogenesis + up-regulation of neurogenesis + upregulation of neurogenesis + activation of neurogenesis + stimulation of neurogenesis + biological_process + GO:0050769 + positive regulation of neurogenesis - + - The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - MP:0010355 - - - - - ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas - ZFA - - - - - 1st arch artery - EMAPA:16685 - - - - - AA1 - ZFA:0005005 - - - - - aortic arch 1 - ZFA:0005005 - - - - - first aortic arch - XAO:0000342 - - - - - mandibular aortic arch - ZFA:0005005 - - - - - 1st aortic arch artery - EMAPA:16685 - - - - - 1st branchial arch artery - EMAPA:16685 - - - - - 1st pharyngeal arch artery - EMAPA:16685 - - - - - first arch artery - EMAPA:16685 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills. These areches are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] - The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO] - The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4]. - Normally, the left fourth arch becomes the aortic arch, the right fourth arch contributes to the innominate artery[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] in birds it is the right fourth arch which forms the permanent aorta - UBERON:0004350 - - - AAO:0010420 - EHDAA2:0000087 - EMAPA:17004 - TAO:0005008 - XAO:0000355 - ZFA:0005008 - 4th arch artery - AA4 - aortic arch 4 - fourth aortic arch - fourth branchial arch artery - uberon - 4th aortic arch artery - 4th branchial arch artery - 4th pharyngeal arch artery - systemic arch - UBERON:0003121 - - - proximal right subclavian - pharyngeal arch artery 4 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + biological_process + GO:0050776 + regulation of immune response - + - The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - MP:0006354 - - - - - Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills. These areches are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005008 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010420 - AAO - ISBN:0-02-377110-0 - - - - - The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4]. - - - - - - 4th arch artery - EHDAA2:0000087 - - - - - AA4 - ZFA:0005008 - - - - - aortic arch 4 - ZFA:0005008 - - - - - fourth aortic arch - XAO:0000355 - - - - - 4th aortic arch artery - EMAPA:17004 - - - - - 4th branchial arch artery - EMAPA:17004 - - - - - 4th pharyngeal arch artery - EMAPA:17004 - - - - - systemic arch - ISBN:0073040584 - XAO:0000355 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] - The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] - The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. - the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries - UBERON:0004351 - - - AAO:0010422 - EHDAA2:0000102 - EMAPA:17005 - TAO:0005016 - VHOG:0000144 - XAO:0000353 - ZFA:0005016 - 6th arch artery - AA6 - aortic arch 6 - sixth aortic arch - sixth branchial arch artery - uberon - 6th aortic arch artery - 6th branchial arch artery - 6th pharyngeal arch artery - pulmonary arch - UBERON:0003123 - - - pharyngeal arch artery 6 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + down regulation of immune response + down-regulation of immune response + downregulation of immune response + inhibition of immune response + biological_process + GO:0050777 + negative regulation of immune response - + - The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. - MP:0006355 - - - - - The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005016 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010422 - AAO - ISBN:0-02-377110-0 - - - - - The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. - - - - - - the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries - - - - - - 6th arch artery - EMAPA:17005 - - - - - AA6 - ZFA:0005016 - - - - - aortic arch 6 - ZFA:0005016 - - - - - sixth aortic arch - XAO:0000353 - - - - - 6th aortic arch artery - EMAPA:17005 - - - - - 6th branchial arch artery - EMAPA:17005 - - - - - 6th pharyngeal arch artery - EMAPA:17005 - - - - - pulmonary arch - ISBN:0073040584 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + GOC:ai - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. - - An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] - The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] - In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] - tracheal - In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. - in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. - - - - AAO:0010140 - BTO:0001388 - CALOHA:TS-1060 - EFO:0000935 - EHDAA2:0002066 - EHDAA:3078 - EMAPA:16853 - EV:0100040 - FMA:7394 - GAID:361 - MA:0000441 - MAT:0000137 - MESH:D014132 - MIAA:0000137 - NCIT:C12428 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0040578 - VHOG:0000371 - XAO:0000118 - cartilaginous trachea - vertebrate trachea - windpipe - uberon - tracheal tubule - UBERON:0003126 - - - - - - trachea - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + up regulation of immune response + up-regulation of immune response + upregulation of immune response + stimulation of immune response + biological_process + GO:0050778 + positive regulation of immune response - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. - - GO:0060438 - - - - - An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010140 - AAO - AAO:BJB - - - - - The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000371 - VHOG - - - - - - In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000371 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.409 - - - - - in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. - ISBN:0123813611 - - - - - UMLS:C0040578 - ncithesaurus:Trachea - - - - - vertebrate trachea - - - - - - tracheal tubule - BTO:0001388 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. + GOC:ai - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). - - cranial - the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium - The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton - - - BTO:0001328 - EFO:0000831 - EHDAA:6029 - EMAPA:17680 - FMA:71325 - MA:0000316 - MAT:0000340 - MIAA:0000340 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0000334 - bones of cranium - ossa cranii - set of bones of cranium - skull minus mandible - upper part of skull - uberon - calvarium - epicranial plate - skeletal system of head - UBERON:0003128 - - - - - cranium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GO:0050791 + regulation of physiological process + biological_process + GO:0050789 + + + + regulation of biological process - - - - FMA-inferred - - - + - Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). - - - - - - - the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium - FMA - - - - - The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton - WP - - - - - bones of cranium - FMA:71325 - - - - - ossa cranii - FMA:71325 - FMA:TA - - - - - - set of bones of cranium - FMA:71325 - - - - - calvarium - BTO:0001328 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. + GOC:ai + GOC:go_curators - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. - - in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. - in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton - A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates - - - - BTO:0001295 - CALOHA:TS-2344 - EHDAA2:0000325 - EMAPA:17680 - FMA:46565 - GAID:82 - MESH:D012886 - NCIT:C12789 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0037303 - WikipediaCategory:Skull - galen:Skull - uberon - cranial skeleton - skeletal system of head - UBERON:0003129 - - - skull + Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. + GO:0048552 + regulation of enzyme activity + regulation of metalloenzyme activity + biological_process + GO:0050790 + + + regulation of catalytic activity - - - - FMA - - - + - Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. - - - - - - - - in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. - FMA - - - - - A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates - WP - - - - - UMLS:C0037303 - ncithesaurus:Skull + Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. + GOC:ai + GOC:ebc + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An organ involved in reproduction. - GO uses genitalia for the singular organ - - - EMAPA:17381 - EMAPA:37731 - MA:0001752 - MESH:D005835 - NCIT:C25177 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TGMA:0000591 - UMLS:C0017420 - WBbt:0008422 - genital organ - reproductive system organ - sex organ - uberon - genitalia - UBERON:0003133 - - - - reproductive organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + biological_process + GO:0050793 + regulation of developmental process - + - An organ involved in reproduction. - UBERON:xp - - - - - GO uses genitalia for the singular organ - GO - - - - - EMAPA:37731 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0017420 - ncithesaurus:Genitalia - - - - - genitalia - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A female organ involved in reproduction. - EMAPA:28540 - MA:0000544 - female organism reproductive organ - female organism reproductive structure - female organism reproductive system organ - female organism sex organ - female reproductive gland/organ - female reproductive system organ - female sex organ - reproductive organ of female organism - reproductive structure of female organism - reproductive system organ of female organism - sex organ of female organism - uberon - UBERON:0003134 - - - female reproductive organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GO:0051244 + regulation of cellular physiological process + biological_process + GO:0050794 + + regulation of cellular process - + - A female organ involved in reproduction. - UBERON:xp - - - - - female organism reproductive organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism reproductive structure - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism reproductive system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female organism sex organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive gland/organ - MA:0000544 - - - - - reproductive organ of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - reproductive structure of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - reproductive system organ of female organism - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sex organ of female organism - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. - uberon - UBERON:0003218 - ovary septum + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + regulation of behaviour + biological_process + GO:0050795 + regulation of behavior - + - Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. - GO:0080126 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. + GOC:go_curators + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0002119 - EHDAA:8027 - EMAPA:17943 - EMAPA:18971 - epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch - epithelial tissue of upper jaw - epithelium of palatoquadrate arch - palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue - palatoquadrate arch epithelium - upper jaw epithelial tissue - upper jaw epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003235 - epithelium of upper jaw + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + biological_process + GO:0050796 + regulation of insulin secretion - + - An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of upper jaw - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of palatoquadrate arch - OBOL:automatic - - - - - palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - palatoquadrate arch epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper jaw epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper jaw epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. + GOC:ai - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001019 - EHDAA:7999 - EMAPA:35516 - VHOG:0000802 - epithelial tissue of lower jaw - epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch - epithelium of ventral mandibular arch - lower jaw epithelial tissue - lower jaw epithelium - ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue - ventral mandibular arch epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003236 - epithelium of lower jaw + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + biological_process + GO:0050803 + regulation of synapse structure or activity - + - An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of lower jaw - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of ventral mandibular arch - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower jaw epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower jaw epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventral mandibular arch epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + GOC:ai - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. - EHDAA2:0002215 - EHDAA:166 - EMAPA:16086 - VHOG:0000626 - uberon - UBERON:0003257 - yolk sac endoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. + modulation of synaptic transmission + regulation of chemical synaptic transmission + regulation of synaptic transmission + biological_process + GO:0050804 + + modulation of chemical synaptic transmission - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. + GOC:ai - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - check - EHDAA2:0004568 - EHDAA:524 - foregut endoderm - uberon - UBERON:0003258 - endoderm of foregut + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. + down regulation of synaptic transmission + down-regulation of synaptic transmission + downregulation of synaptic transmission + inhibition of synaptic transmission + biological_process + GO:0050805 + negative regulation of synaptic transmission - + - An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - foregut endoderm - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. + GOC:ai - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - check - EHDAA:987 - EMAPA:16257 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001194 - VHOG:0001080 - midgut endoderm - uberon - UBERON:0003259 - endoderm of midgut + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. + up regulation of synaptic transmission + up-regulation of synaptic transmission + upregulation of synaptic transmission + activation of synaptic transmission + stimulation of synaptic transmission + biological_process + GO:0050806 + positive regulation of synaptic transmission - + - An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - midgut endoderm - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. + GOC:ai - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - + - + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - check - EHDAA:979 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000781 - hindgut endoderm - uberon - UBERON:0003260 - endoderm of hindgut + Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + regulation of synapse organisation + regulation of synapse structure + biological_process + regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0050807 + + regulation of synapse organization - + - An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - hindgut endoderm - OBOL:automatic + regulation of synapse organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0000486 - EHDAA:2923 - EMAPA:17844 - eye skeletal muscle - eye skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle tissue of eye - uberon - eye skeletal muscle group - UBERON:0003269 - skeletal muscle tissue of eye + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + synapse organisation + biological_process + synapse development + synapse morphogenesis + synapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0050808 + + + synapse organization - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - eye skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). + GOC:ai + GOC:pr - - - eye skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + synapse development + GOC:aruk - - - skeletal muscle tissue of eye - OBOL:automatic + + + synapse morphogenesis + GOC:BHF - + - eye skeletal muscle group - EHDAA2:0000486 + synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. - The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] - EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 - upper jaw - AAO:0000622 - EHDAA2:0002128 - EHDAA:8041 - EMAPA:17927 - FMA:54397 - MA:0001908 - VHOG:0000429 - XAO:0003087 - upper jaw skeleton - uberon - UBERON:0003277 - - skeleton of upper jaw + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + regulation of steroid anabolism + regulation of steroid biosynthesis + regulation of steroid formation + regulation of steroid synthesis + regulation of steroidogenesis + biological_process + GO:0050810 + regulation of steroid biosynthetic process - + - A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. - - - - - - The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000429 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 - - - - - EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 - EMAPA - - - - - upper jaw - MA:0001908 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. - The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] - The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] - Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 - lower jaw - mandible - AAO:0000274 - EHDAA2:0004606 - EHDAA:8005 - EMAPA:17906 - EMAPA:17910 - FMA:54398 - MA:0001906 - TAO:0001273 - VHOG:0000428 - XAO:0003084 - ZFA:0001273 - lower jaw skeleton - uberon - mandibles - mandibular series - UBERON:0003278 - - skeleton of lower jaw + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 + neurological system process + neurophysiological process + biological_process + pan-neural process + GO:0050877 + + + + + + nervous system process - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - VHOG-modified - - - + - A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. - - - - - - The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001273 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000428 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 - - - - - Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 - FMA + A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_cardio + + + + + + + + Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. + biological_process + GO:0050879 + + multicellular organismal movement + - - - lower jaw - MA:0001906 + + + Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. + biological_process + GO:0050881 + musculoskeletal movement + - - - lower jaw - ZFA:0001273 + + + The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. + endocrine physiological process + endocrine physiology + biological_process + GO:0050886 + + + endocrine process + - - - mandible - ZFA:0001273 + + + The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + + The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. + Wikipedia:Cognition + biological_process + GO:0050890 + + cognition + - - - lower jaw skeleton - AAO:0000274 + + + The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. + ISBN:0721619908 + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. + GO:0051869 + physiological response to stimulus + biological_process + GO:0050896 + + + + + + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + response to stimulus + - - - mandibles - TAO:0001273 - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. + GOC:ai + GOC:bf + + + + + + + + Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. + neuromotor process + neuromuscular physiological process + biological_process + GO:0050905 + neuromuscular process + - - - mandibular series - ZFA:0001273 + + + Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - + - - - + - + - An endothelium that is part of a trachea. - EHDAA:3082 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002068 - endothelium of windpipe - trachea endothelium - windpipe endothelium - uberon - UBERON:0003279 - endothelium of trachea + The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) + sensory detection of stimulus + sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus + sensory perception, stimulus detection + sensory transduction + biological_process + GO:0050906 + detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception - + - An endothelium that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trachea endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe endothelium - OBOL:automatic + The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - + + - + - - + + - The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. - TODO - check primitive vs developed - The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. [TFD][VHOG] - - EHDAA2:0001922 - EHDAA:2999 - EMAPA:17024 - MA:0001617 - VHOG:0000358 - mesentery of ventriculus - mesogaster - mesogastium - mesogastrium - stomach mesentery - ventriculus mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003281 - - mesentery of stomach + The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. + sensory detection of chemical stimulus + sensory detection of chemical stimulus during sensory perception + sensory perception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus + sensory perception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus + sensory transduction of chemical stimulus + sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during sensory perception + biological_process + GO:0050907 + detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. - - - - - - The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000358 - VHOG - - - - - - - mesentery of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesogaster - - - - - - mesogastium - MA:0001617 - - - - - mesogastrium - - - - - - stomach mesentery - Obol:obol - - - - - ventriculus mesentery - OBOL:automatic + The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A mesentery that surrounds the heart. - EHDAA:432 - EMAPA:16212 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000739 - VHOG:0000353 - heart mesentery - uberon - cardiac mesentery - mesocardium - UBERON:0003282 - mesentery of heart + The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + sensory detection of light during visual perception + sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception + sensory transduction of light during visual perception + sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception + visual perception, detection of light stimulus + visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light + visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus + biological_process + GO:0050908 + detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception - + - A mesentery that surrounds the heart. - MA:th - - - - - heart mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac mesentery - EMAPA:16212 - - - - - mesocardium - MA:0000098 + The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001288 - EHDAA:2943 - EMAPA:16836 - MA:0001569 - VHOG:0000415 - esophagus mesentery - gullet mesentery - mesentery of esophagus - mesentery of gullet - meso-esophagus - oesophagus mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003283 - mesentery of oesophagus + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte. + GO:0043357 + GO:0043358 + chromatophore differentiation + pigmented cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0050931 + Note that the chromatophore mentioned here is distinct from the pigment bearing structure found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria. It is also different from the plant chromoplast, which is also sometimes called a chromatophore. + pigment cell differentiation - + - A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000415 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 - - - - - esophagus mesentery - MA:0001569 - - - - - gullet mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesentery of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesentery of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus mesentery - VHOG:0000415 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte. + GOC:dgh - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001202 - EHDAA:3031 - EMAPA:16721 - EMAPA:17039 - EMAPA:17197 - VHOG:0000413 - midgut mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003284 - mesentery of midgut + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0050932 + regulation of pigment cell differentiation - + - A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000413 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 - - - - - midgut mesentery - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0000567 - EHDAA:950 - EMAPA:16557 - VHOG:0000650 - foregut gland - uberon - UBERON:0003294 - gland of foregut + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. + down regulation of pigment cell differentiation + down-regulation of pigment cell differentiation + downregulation of pigment cell differentiation + inhibition of pigment cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0050941 + negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation - + - A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - foregut gland - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. - BTO:0004849 - EHDAA2:0001461 - EHDAA:2967 - FMA:55075 - pharynx gland - uberon - glandulae pharyngeae - UBERON:0003295 - - pharyngeal gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. + up regulation of pigment cell differentiation + up-regulation of pigment cell differentiation + upregulation of pigment cell differentiation + activation of pigment cell differentiation + stimulation of pigment cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0050942 + positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - BTO - - - + - Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. - - - - - - pharynx gland - EHDAA2:0001461 - - - - - glandulae pharyngeae - BTO:0004849 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. + GOC:ai - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0000837 - EHDAA:6522 - EMAPA:17758 - MA:0000144 - VHOG:0000654 - integumental gland - integumental system gland - integumentary gland - uberon - UBERON:0003297 - gland of integumental system + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + biological_process + GO:0050952 + sensory perception of electrical stimulus - + - A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + biological_process + GO:0050953 + sensory perception of light stimulus + - - - integumental gland - + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + mechanosensory perception + perception of mechanical stimulus + biological_process + chemi-mechanical coupling + GO:0050954 + sensory perception of mechanical stimulus + - - - integumental system gland - + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location. + Wikipedia:Electroreception + electroception sense + electroceptive sense + biological_process + GO:0050956 + electroception + - - - integumentary gland - + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location. + GOC:ai + PMID:10210663 + Wikipedia:Electroreception - + - + - + - + - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - + - A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. - in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta - UBERON:0003305 - EHDAA2:0003241 - EHDAA:170 - EMAPA:16115 - mesoderm blood islands - uberon - mesenchyme blood island - UBERON:0003304 - mesoderm blood island + The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. + sensory detection of light stimulus + sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception + sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus + sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus + sensory transduction of light stimulus + sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception + biological_process + GO:0050962 + detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta - EHDAA2 - - - - - mesoderm blood islands - EHDAA2:0003241 - - - - - - mesenchyme blood island - OBOL:automatic + The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. - TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of - EHDAA2:0000485 - EHDAA:2910 - EMAPA:16673 - VHOG:0001084 - mesenchyme of eye - uberon - UBERON:0003314 - eye mesenchyme + The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. + sensory detection of electrical stimulus + sensory detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception + sensory perception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus + sensory perception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus + sensory transduction of electrical stimulus + sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during sensory perception + biological_process + GO:0050963 + detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of eye - OBOL:automatic + The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001362 - EHDAA:8128 - VHOG:0001441 - female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme - female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme - gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme - gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme - mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad - mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada - mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system - mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system - ovary mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003315 - mesenchyme of ovary + The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + electroception, detection of electrical stimulus + electroception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus + electroception, sensory transduction + electroception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus + biological_process + detection of electrical stimulus during electroreception + sensory detection of electrical stimulus during electroception + sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during electroception + GO:0050964 + detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic + The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - - - ovary mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + + + detection of electrical stimulus during electroreception + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - + - + + - + - The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. - UBERON:0003264 - EHDAA2:0002216 - EHDAA:168 - EHDAA:205 - EMAPA:16087 - EMAPA:16267 - VHOG:0000503 - VHOG:0000617 - yolk sac mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003316 - mesenchyme of yolk sac + The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + perception of pain, detection of electrical stimulus + perception of pain, sensory detection of electrical stimulus + perception of pain, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus + biological_process + detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain + sensory detection of electrical stimulus during perception of pain + sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during perception of pain + GO:0050967 + detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain - + - The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. - UBERON:cjm + The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - yolk sac mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + + + detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - + - - - + + - - - - - - - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0002124 - EHDAA:8031 - EMAPA:17929 - VHOG:0001099 - mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch - palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme - upper jaw mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003323 - mesenchyme of upper jaw + The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + perception of pain, detection of chemical stimulus + perception of pain, sensory detection of chemical stimulus + perception of pain, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus + sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of pain + sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of pain + biological_process + chemical nociception + GO:0050968 + detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai - - - mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch - OBOL:automatic + + + chemical nociception + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). + Wikipedia:Touch + perception of touch + tactile sense + taction + tactition + biological_process + GO:0050975 + sensory perception of touch + - - - palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + + + The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + biological_process + GO:0050981 + detection of electrical stimulus + - - - upper jaw mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + + + The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001024 - EHDAA:8003 - EMAPA:17916 - VHOG:0001069 - lower jaw mesenchyme - mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch - ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003324 - mesenchyme of lower jaw + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + regulation of lipid breakdown + regulation of lipid catabolism + regulation of lipid degradation + biological_process + GO:0050994 + regulation of lipid catabolic process - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower jaw mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:27217 - EMAPA:27227 - EMAPA:27535 - FMA:85399 - anal canal submucosa - anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa - anal region submucosa - anatomical anal canal submucosa - submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - submucosa of anal region - submucosa of anatomical anal canal - uberon - UBERON:0003329 - - submucosa of anal canal + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + down regulation of lipid catabolic process + down-regulation of lipid catabolic process + downregulation of lipid catabolic process + negative regulation of lipid breakdown + negative regulation of lipid catabolism + negative regulation of lipid degradation + inhibition of lipid catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0050995 + negative regulation of lipid catabolic process - + - A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical anal canal submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of anatomical anal canal - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. - - BTO:0002114 - EMAPA:27083 - FMA:15034 - rectal submucosa - rectum submucosa - tela submucosa recti - uberon - UBERON:0003330 - submucosa of rectum + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + positive regulation of lipid breakdown + positive regulation of lipid catabolism + positive regulation of lipid degradation + up regulation of lipid catabolic process + up-regulation of lipid catabolic process + upregulation of lipid catabolic process + activation of lipid catabolic process + stimulation of lipid catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0050996 + positive regulation of lipid catabolic process - + - The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. - BTO:0002114 - - - - - rectal submucosa - FMA:15034 - - - - - rectum submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa recti - BTO:0002114 - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:27379 - FMA:14985 - MA:0003200 - colon submucosa - colonic submucosa - large bowel submucosa - submucosa of large bowel - uberon - UBERON:0003331 - - submucosa of colon + The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. + GO:0045011 + biological_process + actin bundling activity + actin cable assembly + actin cable formation + GO:0051017 + actin filament bundle assembly - + - A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colon submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colonic submucosa - FMA:14985 + The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. + GOC:ai - - - large bowel submucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + actin cable assembly + GOC:mah - - - submucosa of large bowel - OBOL:automatic + + + actin cable formation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:27027 - EMAPA:27097 - EMAPA:27239 - FMA:14943 - MA:0003213 - doudenal submucosa - duodenal submucosa - duodenum submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0003332 - - submucosa of duodenum + The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051027 + DNA transport - + - A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - doudenal submucosa - FMA:14943 - - - - - duodenal submucosa - FMA:14943 - - - - - duodenum submucosa - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:27087 - FMA:15039 - rectal serosa - rectum serosa - rectum serous membrane - serous membrane of rectum - visceral peritoneum of rectum - uberon - UBERON:0003334 - serosa of rectum + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information. + molecular_function + GO:0051032 + nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity - + - A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectal serosa - FMA:15039 - - - - - rectum serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectum serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of rectum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - visceral peritoneum of rectum - FMA:15039 + Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:27387 - FMA:14990 - MA:0003199 - colon serosa - colon serous membrane - colonic serosa - large bowel serosa - large bowel serous membrane - serosa of large bowel - serous membrane of colon - serous membrane of large bowel - visceral peritoneum of colon - uberon - UBERON:0003335 - - serosa of colon + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other. + Reactome:R-HSA-203906 + molecular_function + GO:0051033 + RNA transmembrane transporter activity - + - A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colon serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colon serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colonic serosa - FMA:14990 - - - - - large bowel serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large bowel serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of large bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of large bowel - OBOL:automatic + Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai - - - visceral peritoneum of colon - FMA:14990 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-203906 + Exportin complex translocates pre-miRNA to cytosol - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia - - EMAPA:27247 - FMA:14948 - MA:0003212 - doudenal serosa - duodenal serosa - duodenum serosa - duodenum serous membrane - serous membrane of duodenum - visceral peritoneum of duodenum - uberon - UBERON:0003336 - serosa of duodenum + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other. + molecular_function + GO:0051035 + DNA transmembrane transporter activity - + - A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - doudenal serosa - FMA:14948 - - - - - duodenal serosa - FMA:14948 - - - - - duodenum serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - duodenum serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of duodenum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - visceral peritoneum of duodenum - FMA:14948 + Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). - we follow MA in including separate classes for ganglion and peripheral nervous system, even though for vertebrates gangia are always in the PNS - BIRNLEX:2548 - BTO:0001123 - EMAPA:32814 - MA:0001161 - peripheral nervous system ganglion - uberon - UBERON:0003338 - - ganglion of peripheral nervous system - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + biological_process + GO:0051046 + regulation of secretion + - + - A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). - BIRNLEX:2548 - - - - - we follow MA in including separate classes for ganglion and peripheral nervous system, even though for vertebrates gangia are always in the PNS - MA - - - - - peripheral nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. - this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 and EMAPA it has only the cranial ganglia - EHDAA2:0000227 - EMAPA:16658 - FMA:83843 - central nervous system ganglion - ganglion of neuraxis - neuraxis ganglion - uberon - UBERON:0003339 - ganglion of central nervous system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + up regulation of secretion + up-regulation of secretion + upregulation of secretion + activation of secretion + stimulation of secretion + biological_process + GO:0051047 + positive regulation of secretion - + - A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 and EMAPA it has only the cranial ganglia - FMA - - - - - central nervous system ganglion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ganglion of neuraxis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neuraxis ganglion - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - - - - EMAPA:27531 - FMA:74654 - NCIT:C60784 - UMLS:C0227414 - anal canal mucosa - anal canal mucosa of organ - anal canal mucous membrane - anal canal organ mucosa - anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa - anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ - anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane - anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa - anal mucosa - anal mucous membrane - anal region mucosa - anal region mucosa of organ - anal region mucous membrane - anal region organ mucosa - anatomical anal canal mucosa - anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ - anatomical anal canal mucous membrane - anatomical anal canal organ mucosa - mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - mucosa of anal region - mucosa of anatomical anal canal - mucosa of organ of anal canal - mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically - mucosa of organ of anal region - mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal - mucous membrane of anal canal - mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically - mucous membrane of anal region - mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal - organ mucosa of anal canal - organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - organ mucosa of anal region - organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal - uberon - UBERON:0003342 - - mucosa of anal canal + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + down regulation of secretion + down-regulation of secretion + downregulation of secretion + inhibition of secretion + biological_process + GO:0051048 + negative regulation of secretion - + - A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0227414 - ncithesaurus:Anal_Mucosa - - - - - anal canal mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal mucosa - FMA:74654 - - - - - anal mucous membrane - FMA:74654 - - - - - anal region mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical anal canal mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical anal canal mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical anal canal organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of anatomical anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of anal canal - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:26937 - mucosa of oral opening - mucosa of oral part of face - mucosa of organ of oral opening - mucosa of organ of oral part of face - mucosa of organ of oral region - mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth - mucosa of subdivision of mouth - mucous membrane of oral opening - mucous membrane of oral part of face - mucous membrane of oral region - mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth - oral opening mucosa - oral opening mucosa of organ - oral opening mucous membrane - oral opening organ mucosa - oral part of face mucosa - oral part of face mucosa of organ - oral part of face mucous membrane - oral part of face organ mucosa - oral region mucosa - oral region mucosa of organ - oral region mucous membrane - oral region organ mucosa - organ mucosa of oral opening - organ mucosa of oral part of face - organ mucosa of oral region - organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth - subdivision of mouth mucosa - subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ - subdivision of mouth mucous membrane - subdivision of mouth organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0003343 - mucosa of oral region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051049 + + regulation of transport - + - A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of oral opening - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of oral part of face - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of oral opening - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of oral part of face - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of oral region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of subdivision of mouth - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of oral opening - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of oral part of face - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of oral region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral opening mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral opening mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral opening mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral opening organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral part of face mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral part of face mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral part of face mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral part of face organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral region mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral region mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral region mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oral region organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of oral opening - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of oral part of face - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of oral region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth - OBOL:automatic - - - - - subdivision of mouth mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - subdivision of mouth mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - subdivision of mouth organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - - CALOHA:TS-2107 - EMAPA:27081 - FMA:15033 - MA:0003218 - mucosa of organ of rectum - mucous membrane of rectum - organ mucosa of rectum - rectal mucosa - rectal mucous membrane - rectum mucosa - rectum mucosa of organ - rectum mucous membrane - rectum organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0003346 - mucosa of rectum + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of transport + up-regulation of transport + upregulation of transport + activation of transport + stimulation of transport + biological_process + GO:0051050 + positive regulation of transport - + - A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of rectum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of rectum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of rectum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectal mucosa - FMA:15033 - - - - - rectal mucous membrane - FMA:15033 - - - - - rectum mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectum mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectum mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectum organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. - BTO:0003752 - uberon - lamina epithelialis mucosa - lamina epithelialis mucosae - UBERON:0003350 - lies on top of lamina propria - epithelium of mucosa + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of transport + down-regulation of transport + downregulation of transport + inhibition of transport + biological_process + GO:0051051 + negative regulation of transport - + - A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. - BTO:0003752 - - - - - lamina epithelialis mucosa - BTO:0003752 - - - - - lamina epithelialis mucosae - BTO:0003752 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] - BSA:0000112 - BTO:0005240 - EMAPA:16708 - MA:0002725 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 - TAO:0001174 - XAO:0003202 - ZFA:0001174 - epithelial tissue of pharynx - epithelium of pharynx - pharynx epithelial tissue - pharynx epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003351 - - pharyngeal epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + regulation of DNA metabolism + biological_process + GO:0051052 + + regulation of DNA metabolic process - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001174 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - epithelial tissue of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of pharynx - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a midgut. - BTO:0005053 - EHDAA2:0001195 - EMAPA:16569 - MA:0003205 - epithelial tissue of midgut - midgut epithelial tissue - midgut epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003352 - epithelium of midgut + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + down regulation of DNA metabolic process + down-regulation of DNA metabolic process + downregulation of DNA metabolic process + negative regulation of DNA metabolism + inhibition of DNA metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051053 + negative regulation of DNA metabolic process - - - - - - - - - BTO - - - + - An epithelium that is part of a midgut. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of midgut - OBOL:automatic - - - - - midgut epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - midgut epithelium - BTO:0005053 - - - - - midgut epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0000782 - EMAPA:16717 - MA:0003206 - epithelial tissue of hindgut - hindgut epithelial tissue - hindgut epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003353 - epithelium of hindgut + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + positive regulation of DNA metabolism + up regulation of DNA metabolic process + up-regulation of DNA metabolic process + upregulation of DNA metabolic process + activation of DNA metabolic process + stimulation of DNA metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051054 + positive regulation of DNA metabolic process - + - An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of hindgut - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hindgut epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hindgut epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - CALOHA:TS-2066 - EHDAA2:0001594 - EMAPA:17898 - FMA:17510 - MA:0003219 - VHOG:0001037 - epithelial tissue of rectum - rectal epithelium - rectum epithelial tissue - rectum epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003354 - epithelium of rectum + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process + downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process + negative regulation of lipid anabolism + negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis + negative regulation of lipid formation + negative regulation of lipid synthesis + negative regulation of lipogenesis + inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0051055 + negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process - + - An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of rectum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rectal epithelium - FMA:17510 - - - - - rectum epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. + GOC:ai - + - rectum epithelium - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of lipogenesis + GOC:sl - + - + - + - + - + + - + - An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17663 - MA:0003132 - epithelial tissue of right lung - right lung epithelial tissue - right lung epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003364 - epithelium of right lung + The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during meiotic cell division occurs. + biological_process + meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown + meiotic nuclear envelope catabolism + meiotic nuclear envelope degradation + meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GO:0051078 + meiotic nuclear membrane disassembly - + - An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of right lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right lung epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right lung epithelium - OBOL:automatic + The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during meiotic cell division occurs. + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17655 - MA:0003131 - epithelial tissue of left lung - left lung epithelial tissue - left lung epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0003365 - epithelium of left lung + + + + + + + The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. + biological_process + nuclear envelope breakdown + nuclear envelope catabolism + nuclear envelope degradation + nuclear envelope disassembly + GO:0051081 + nuclear membrane disassembly - + - An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of left lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left lung epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left lung epithelium - OBOL:automatic + The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. - UBERON:0005232 - EHDAA2:0001034 - EMAPA:16780 - VHOG:0001048 - hindlimb ectoderm - hindlimb bud ectoderm - hindlimb ectoderm - lower limb bud ectoderm - pelvic fin bud ectoderm - uberon - leg ectoderm - UBERON:0003371 - pelvic appendage bud ectoderm + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + down regulation of developmental process + down-regulation of developmental process + downregulation of developmental process + inhibition of developmental process + biological_process + GO:0051093 + negative regulation of developmental process - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + GOC:ai - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + up regulation of developmental process + up-regulation of developmental process + upregulation of developmental process + activation of developmental process + stimulation of developmental process + biological_process + GO:0051094 + positive regulation of developmental process + - + - An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hindlimb ectoderm - VHOG:0001048 - - - - - hindlimb bud ectoderm - EMAPA:16780 - - - - - - hindlimb bud ectoderm - + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of a sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides. + Reactome:R-HSA-428779 + Reactome:R-HSA-8875902 + Reactome:R-HSA-8876319 + sugar/polyol channel activity + molecular_function + GO:0051119 + sugar transmembrane transporter activity + - - - hindlimb ectoderm - VHOG:0001048 - + + + Enables the transfer of a sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides. + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_transport + ISBN:0815340729 - - - lower limb bud ectoderm - EHDAA2:0001034 - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-428779 + GLUT7 and GLUT11 transport glucose and fructose - - - pelvic fin bud ectoderm - + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8875902 + SLC45A3 transports Glc from extracellular region to cytosol - - - leg ectoderm - OBOL:automatic + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8876319 + SLC50A1 transports Glc from cytosol to extracellular region - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. - UBERON:0005231 - UBERON:0005663 - EHDAA2:0002134 - EMAPA:16407 - VHOG:0001047 - forelimb bud ectoderm - forelimb ectoderm - pectoral fin bud ectoderm - upper limb bud ectoderm - wing ectoderm - uberon - arm ectoderm - UBERON:0003372 - pectoral appendage bud ectoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + regulation of cellular component organisation + biological_process + regulation of cell organisation + regulation of cell organization + regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GO:0051128 + regulation of cellular component organization - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - forelimb bud ectoderm - EMAPA:16407 - - - - - - forelimb bud ectoderm - - - - - - forelimb ectoderm - VHOG:0001047 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + GOC:ai - - - pectoral fin bud ectoderm - - - - - - upper limb bud ectoderm - EHDAA2:0002134 - + + + regulation of cell organisation + GOC:mah - - - wing ectoderm - Geisha:syn - NCBITaxon:8782 - + + + regulation of cell organization + GOC:mah - + - arm ectoderm - OBOL:automatic + regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - - EHDAA2:0004155 - EMAPA:17326 - FMA:7282 - VHOG:0001227 - cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium - cardiac muscle of heart right atrium - cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium - cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium - cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart - myocardium of right atrium - right atrium heart muscle - right atrium myocardium - textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium - textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart - textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium - uberon - UBERON:0003379 - cardiac muscle of right atrium + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + down regulation of cell organization + down-regulation of cell organization + downregulation of cell organization + inhibition of cell organization + biological_process + negative regulation of cell organisation + negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GO:0051129 + negative regulation of cellular component organization - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle of heart right atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right atrium heart muscle - EHDAA2:0004155 - - - - - right atrium myocardium - VHOG:0001227 - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + GOC:ai - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of cell organisation + GOC:mah - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - - EHDAA2:0004154 - EMAPA:17320 - FMA:7285 - VHOG:0001225 - cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle - cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue - cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium - cardiac muscle of heart left atrium - cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart - left atrium heart muscle - left atrium myocardium - myocardium of left atrium - textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium - textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium - textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium - textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart - textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium - uberon - UBERON:0003380 - cardiac muscle of left atrium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + positive regulation of cell organisation + up regulation of cell organization + up-regulation of cell organization + upregulation of cell organization + activation of cell organization + stimulation of cell organization + biological_process + positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GO:0051130 + positive regulation of cellular component organization - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle of heart left atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left atrium heart muscle - EHDAA2:0004154 - - - - - left atrium myocardium - VHOG:0001225 - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. + GOC:ai - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17342 - FMA:83452 - VHOG:0001236 - cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle - right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - uberon - right ventricle cardiac muscle - UBERON:0003381 - cardiac muscle of right ventricle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. + nonstriated muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051145 + smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle - FMA:83452 - - - - - right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - GO:0003221 - - - - - right ventricle cardiac muscle - VHOG:0001236 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17339 - FMA:83453 - VHOG:0001234 - cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle - left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - uberon - left ventricle cardiac muscle - UBERON:0003382 - cardiac muscle of left ventricle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. + voluntary muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051146 + striated muscle cell differentiation - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle - FMA:83453 - - - - - left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - GO:0003220 - - - - - left ventricle cardiac muscle - VHOG:0001234 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. + CL:0000737 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0004158 - EMAPA:17335 - FMA:84084 - VHOG:0000999 - cardiac muscle of interventricular septum - cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum - interventricular septum cardiac muscle - interventricular septum heart muscle - interventricular septum myocardium - uberon - interventricular septum muscle - UBERON:0003383 - cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0051147 + regulation of muscle cell differentiation - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum - FMA:84084 - - - - - interventricular septum cardiac muscle - VHOG:0000999 - - - - - interventricular septum heart muscle - EHDAA2:0004158 - - - - - interventricular septum myocardium - VHOG:0000999 - - - - - interventricular septum muscle - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000187 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18963 - pharynx skeletal muscle - pharynx skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx - uberon - UBERON:0003384 - skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + down regulation of muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051148 + negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pharynx skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000187 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + up regulation of muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of muscle cell differentiation + activation of muscle cell differentiation + stimulation of muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051149 + positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000187 + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. - Not clear if we need this and intra-ocular muscle. See issue #331. MA includes ciliary and iris smooth muscle - EMAPA:18807 - MA:0001268 - ocular smooth muscle - uberon - UBERON:0003386 - - smooth muscle of eye + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0051150 + regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. - MGI:cwg - MP:0005247 - - - - - ocular smooth muscle - MA:0001268 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + down regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051151 + negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. - - UBERON:0004244 - - BTO:0001391 - EMAPA:19192 - FMA:262010 - MA:0001863 - NCIT:C49306 - UMLS:C1710458 - trachea smooth muscle - tracheal smooth muscle - uberon - UBERON:0003387 - - - smooth muscle of trachea + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + up regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + activation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + stimulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051152 + positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1710458 - ncithesaurus:Trachea_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - trachea smooth muscle - MA:0001863 - - - - - tracheal smooth muscle - BTO:0001391 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000192 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001436 - cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium - cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium - meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac - meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity - mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac - pericardial cavity meso-epithelium - pericardial cavity mesothelium - uberon - UBERON:0003388 - mesothelium of pericardial cavity + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + biological_process + GO:0051153 + regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation - + - A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac - OBOL:automatic - - - - - meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pericardial cavity meso-epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pericardial cavity mesothelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000737 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18429 - diaphragm meso-epithelium - diaphragm mesothelium - meso-epithelium of diaphragm - meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm - mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm - thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium - thoracic diaphragm mesothelium - uberon - UBERON:0003389 - mesothelium of diaphragm + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + down regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of striated muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051154 + negative regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation - + - A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - diaphragm meso-epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - diaphragm mesothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - meso-epithelium of diaphragm - OBOL:automatic - - - - - meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thoracic diaphragm mesothelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000737 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0003155 - EHDAA2:0001476 - EMAPA:16775 - FMA:18148 - meso-epithelium of pleural cavity - mesothelium of pleura - pleural cavity meso-epithelium - pleural cavity mesothelium - pleural mesothelium - uberon - pleura - UBERON:0003390 - mesothelium of pleural cavity + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + up regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + activation of striated muscle cell differentiation + stimulation of striated muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051155 + positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation - + - A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - meso-epithelium of pleural cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesothelium of pleura - FMA:18148 - - - - - pleural cavity meso-epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pleural cavity mesothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pleural mesothelium - EMAPA:16775 - - - - - pleura - EMAPA:16775 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. + CL:0000737 + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:17367 - MA:0003233 - excretory system mesentery - mesentery of excretory system - mesentery of renal system - mesentery of systema urinaria - renal system mesentery - systema urinaria mesentery - urinary system mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003393 - mesentery of urinary system + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. + Wikipedia:Nuclear_transport + nucleus transport + biological_process + GO:0051169 + + nuclear transport - + - A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - excretory system mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesentery of excretory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesentery of renal system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesentery of systema urinaria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - renal system mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - systema urinaria mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - urinary system mesentery - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:16718 - hindgut mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003394 - mesentery of hindgut + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + regulation of nitrogen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0051171 + regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process - + - A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb - + - hindgut mesentery - OBOL:automatic + regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18664 - rectum mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003395 - mesentery of rectum + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process + negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism + inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051172 + negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process - + - A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb - + - rectum mesentery - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:18942 - FMA:14645 - colon mesentery - large bowel mesentery - large intestinal mesentery - mesentery of large bowel - mesentery of large intestine - mesocolon - uberon - UBERON:0003396 - mesentery of colon + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + positive regulation of nitrogen metabolism + up regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + up-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + upregulation of nitrogen metabolic process + activation of nitrogen metabolic process + stimulation of nitrogen metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051173 + positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process - - - - FMA - - - + - A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - colon mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large bowel mesentery - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestinal mesentery - FMA:14645 - - - - - mesentery of large bowel - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. + GOC:ai + GOC:tb - - - mesentery of large intestine - FMA:14645 - - - + - mesocolon - + positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:19081 - duodenum mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0003397 - mesentery of duodenum + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + regulation of phosphorus metabolism + biological_process + GO:0051174 + regulation of phosphorus metabolic process - + - A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - duodenum mesentery - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18694 - MA:0001818 - apparatus respiratorius cartilage - cartilage of apparatus respiratorius - respiratory system cartilage - uberon - UBERON:0003406 - cartilage of respiratory system + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. + down regulation of sulfur metabolic process + down-regulation of sulfur metabolic process + downregulation of sulfur metabolic process + negative regulation of sulfur metabolism + negative regulation of sulphur metabolic process + negative regulation of sulphur metabolism + inhibition of sulfur metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051175 + negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process - + - A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system cartilage - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - - - - A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18815 - MA:0003202 - digestive tract gland - gland of digestive tract - gland of lower gastrointestinal tract - gut gland - lower gastrointestinal tract gland - uberon - UBERON:0003408 - gland of digestive tract + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. + positive regulation of sulfur metabolism + positive regulation of sulphur metabolic process + positive regulation of sulphur metabolism + up regulation of sulfur metabolic process + up-regulation of sulfur metabolic process + upregulation of sulfur metabolic process + activation of sulfur metabolic process + stimulation of sulfur metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051176 + positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process - + - A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive tract gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of digestive tract - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. + jl + 2013-12-18T13:51:04Z + GO:1902578 + establishment and maintenance of localization + establishment and maintenance of position + localisation + establishment and maintenance of cellular component location + establishment and maintenance of substance location + establishment and maintenance of substrate location + biological_process + single organism localization + single-organism localization + GO:0051179 + + localization + - - - gland of lower gastrointestinal tract - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - gut gland - MA:0003202 + localisation + GOC:mah - - - lower gastrointestinal tract gland - OBOL:automatic + + + single organism localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. - Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - EHDAA2:0001035 - EMAPA:16781 - TAO:0001386 - ZFA:0001386 - leg mesenchyme - lower limb bud mesenchyme - hindlimb bud mesenchyme - mesoderm pelvic fin bud - pelvic fin bud mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003412 - pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + Wikipedia:Chondrogenesis + cartilage biogenesis + cartilage biosynthesis + cartilage element development + cartilage formation + cartilage organ development + chondrogenesis + biological_process + GO:0051216 + cartilage development - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001386 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - leg mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower limb bud mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0001035 - - - - - hindlimb bud mesenchyme - EMAPA:16781 - - - - - - mesoderm pelvic fin bud - ZFA:0001386 - - - - - - pelvic fin bud mesenchyme - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + GOC:cjm + PMID:23251424 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of protein transport + up-regulation of protein transport + upregulation of protein transport + activation of protein transport + stimulation of protein transport + biological_process + GO:0051222 + positive regulation of protein transport + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. - Mesoderm that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - UBERON:0005703 - EHDAA2:0002135 - EHDAA:1703 - EMAPA:16408 - TAO:0000789 - ZFA:0000789 - arm mesenchyme - forelimb bud mesenchyme - mesoderm pectoral fin bud - pectoral fin bud mesenchyme - upper limb bud mesenchyme - wing mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0003413 - pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051223 + regulation of protein transport - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Mesoderm that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000789 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - arm mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic - - - - - forelimb bud mesenchyme - EMAPA:16408 - - - - - - mesoderm pectoral fin bud - ZFA:0000789 - - - - - - pectoral fin bud mesenchyme - - - - - - upper limb bud mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0002135 - - - - - wing mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0000798 - adipose tissue of dermis - dermis fat tissue - dermis fatty tissue - fat tissue of dermis - fatty tissue of dermis - uberon - UBERON:0003426 - - dermis adipose tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of protein transport + down-regulation of protein transport + downregulation of protein transport + inhibition of protein transport + biological_process + GO:0051224 + negative regulation of protein transport - + - An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adipose tissue of dermis - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24200 + establishment of localisation + biological_process + GO:0051234 + + + + + + establishment of localization + - - - dermis fat tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos - + - dermis fatty tissue - OBOL:automatic + establishment of localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of RNA to a specific location. + RNA positioning + RNA recruitment + establishment of RNA localisation + biological_process + GO:0051236 + establishment of RNA localization + - - - fat tissue of dermis - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of RNA to a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - fatty tissue of dermis - OBOL:automatic + establishment of RNA localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0000521 - nerve of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0003429 - abdomen nerve + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + biological_process + GO:0051239 + regulation of multicellular organismal process - + - A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of abdomen - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37263 - MA:0000588 - neck (volume) nerve - nerve of neck - nerve of neck (volume) - uberon - UBERON:0003430 - neck nerve + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + up regulation of multicellular organismal process + up-regulation of multicellular organismal process + upregulation of multicellular organismal process + activation of multicellular organismal process + stimulation of multicellular organismal process + biological_process + GO:0051240 + positive regulation of multicellular organismal process - + - A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37263 - MA:th - - - - - neck (volume) nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any nerve that innervates the iris. - added for consistency with mouse ontologies. The term 'ciliary nerve' is usually used to denote either of the two nerves (with different origins) that innervate the iris, as well as ciliary muscles and cornea - EMAPA:35449 - MA:0001291 - nerve of iris - ciliary nerve - uberon - UBERON:0003438 - iris nerve + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + down regulation of multicellular organismal process + down-regulation of multicellular organismal process + downregulation of multicellular organismal process + inhibition of multicellular organismal process + biological_process + GO:0051241 + negative regulation of multicellular organismal process - + - Any nerve that innervates the iris. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - nerve of iris - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). - EMAPA:37264 - MA:0000515 - nerve of torso - nerve of trunk - torso nerve - uberon - trunk nerve - UBERON:0003439 - - - nerve of trunk region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0032268 + regulation of protein metabolism + biological_process + regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + regulation of cellular protein metabolism + GO:0051246 + regulation of protein metabolic process - + - A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). - - - - - - EMAPA:37264 - MA:th - - - - - nerve of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk nerve - MA:0000515 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - consider merging with thoracic nerve. In MA the only subclass is the phrenic nerve, which arises from a cervical nerve - EMAPA:37267 - MA:0000556 - cavity of chest nerve - cavity of thorax nerve - chest cavity nerve - nerve of cavity of chest - nerve of cavity of thorax - nerve of chest cavity - nerve of pectoral cavity - nerve of thoracic cavity - pectoral cavity nerve - uberon - UBERON:0003443 - thoracic cavity nerve + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0032270 + positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism + positive regulation of protein metabolism + up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + up regulation of protein metabolic process + up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + up-regulation of protein metabolic process + upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process + upregulation of protein metabolic process + activation of cellular protein metabolic process + activation of protein metabolic process + stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process + stimulation of protein metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051247 + positive regulation of protein metabolic process - + - A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37267 - MA:th - - - - - cavity of chest nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of thorax nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - chest cavity nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - nerve of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral cavity nerve - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37269 - MA:0000542 - nerve of pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0003444 - pelvis nerve + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 + GO:0032269 + down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + down regulation of protein metabolic process + down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + down-regulation of protein metabolic process + downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process + downregulation of protein metabolic process + negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process + negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism + negative regulation of protein metabolism + inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process + inhibition of protein metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051248 + negative regulation of protein metabolic process - + - A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37269 - MA:th - - - - - nerve of pelvis - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35996 - MA:0000576 - adult head bone - adult head bone organ - bone of adult head - bone of head - bone organ of adult head - bone organ of head - head bone organ - uberon - craniofacial bone - UBERON:0003457 - - Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone - head bone + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + regulation of RNA metabolism + biological_process + GO:0051252 + regulation of RNA metabolic process - + - A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head bone organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head bone organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - craniofacial bone - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37246 - MA:0000584 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvnpJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - bone of neck - bone of neck (volume) - bone organ of neck - bone organ of neck (volume) - neck (volume) bone - neck (volume) bone organ - neck bone organ - uberon - UBERON:0003458 - neck bone + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + down regulation of RNA metabolic process + down-regulation of RNA metabolic process + downregulation of RNA metabolic process + negative regulation of RNA metabolism + inhibition of RNA metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051253 + negative regulation of RNA metabolic process - + - A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37246 - MA:th - - - - - bone of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + positive regulation of RNA metabolism + up regulation of RNA metabolic process + up-regulation of RNA metabolic process + upregulation of RNA metabolic process + activation of RNA metabolic process + stimulation of RNA metabolic process + biological_process + GO:0051254 + positive regulation of RNA metabolic process + - - - neck (volume) bone - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. + protein polymer biosynthesis + protein polymer biosynthetic process + protein polymer formation + biological_process + GO:0051258 + + protein polymerization + - - - neck (volume) bone organ - OBOL:automatic + + + The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. + protein polymer breakdown + protein polymer catabolic process + protein polymer catabolism + protein polymer degradation + biological_process + GO:0051261 + + protein depolymerization + - - - neck bone organ - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. - test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym - - - EMAPA:19019 - EMAPA:35924 - MA:0001482 - MA:0003159 - MESH:D005147 - NCIT:C63706 - UMLS:C0015455 - bone of facial skeleton - facial bone - facial skeleton bone - uberon - bone of viscerocranium - viscerocranium bone - UBERON:0003462 - - facial bone + A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22811 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/4585 + GO:0006323 + GO:0007001 + GO:0051277 + DNA condensation + chromosome organisation + DNA packaging + biological_process + chromosome organization and biogenesis + maintenance of genome integrity + nuclear genome maintenance + GO:0051276 + + + + chromosome organization - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:jl + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0015455 - ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone - - - - - bone of facial skeleton - OBOL:automatic - - - - - facial bone - EMAPA:19019 - - - - - facial skeleton bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of viscerocranium - OBOL:automatic + + + chromosome organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. + Wikipedia:Cell_division + biological_process + GO:0051301 + + + + Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. + cell division + - - - viscerocranium bone - OBOL:automatic + + + The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. + GOC:di + GOC:go_curators + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36583 - MA:0000512 - bone of torso - bone of trunk - bone organ of torso - bone organ of trunk - torso bone - torso bone organ - trunk bone organ - uberon - UBERON:0003463 - trunk bone + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. + biological_process + GO:0051302 + regulation of cell division - + - A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso bone organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk bone organ - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. + GOC:go_curators - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37569 - MA:0001804 - uberon - UBERON:0003469 - respiratory system artery + The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. + chromosome positioning + establishment of chromosome localisation + biological_process + GO:0051303 + establishment of chromosome localization - + - An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. + GOC:ai - - - EMAPA:37569 - MA:th + + + establishment of chromosome localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. - - - - EMAPA:37430 - FMA:49570 - MA:0001917 - arteria labialis superior - ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis - superior labial artery - superior labial branch of facial artery - uberon - UBERON:0003470 - - artery of upper lip + Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24599 + GO:0007126 + Wikipedia:Meiosis + biological_process + meiosis + GO:0051321 + + + Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140013 ; meiotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0051321 ; meiotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. + meiotic cell cycle - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. - - - - - - EMAPA:37430 - MA:th - - - - - arteria labialis superior - - - - - - - ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis - - - - - - - superior labial artery - FMA:49570 - - - - - superior labial branch of facial artery - FMA:49570 + Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. - - - - EMAPA:37429 - FMA:49567 - MA:0001916 - arteria labialis inferior - inferior labial artery - inferior labial branch of facial artery - ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) - ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis - uberon - UBERON:0003471 - - artery of lower lip + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. + hydrolase regulator + biological_process + GO:0051336 + + regulation of hydrolase activity - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. - - - - - - EMAPA:37429 - MA:th - - - - - arteria labialis inferior - - - - - - - inferior labial artery - FMA:49567 - - - - - inferior labial branch of facial artery - FMA:49567 - - - - - ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) - FMA:TA - - - - - ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. - in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity - EMAPA:37241 - MA:0001902 - MESH:D013895 - uberon - thoracic artery - UBERON:0003473 - thoracic cavity artery + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. + transferase regulator + biological_process + GO:0051338 + + + This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. + regulation of transferase activity - + - An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. - - - - - - in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity - MA - - - - - EMAPA:37241 - MA:th - - - - - thoracic artery - MESH:A07.231.114.891 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - - - - + + - A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37584 - MA:0001809 - MA:0001810 - apparatus respiratorius vein - respiratory system vein - vein of apparatus respiratorius - vein of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0003476 - respiratory system venous blood vessel + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. + hydrolase activator + up regulation of hydrolase activity + up-regulation of hydrolase activity + upregulation of hydrolase activity + activation of hydrolase activity + stimulation of hydrolase activity + biological_process + GO:0051345 + + positive regulation of hydrolase activity - + - A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37584 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. - - - - EMAPA:37204 - FMA:52538 - MA:0002255 - superior labial vein - upper lip vein - vena labialis superior - uberon - UBERON:0003477 - - vein of upper lip + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. + down regulation of hydrolase activity + down-regulation of hydrolase activity + downregulation of hydrolase activity + hydrolase inhibitor + inhibition of hydrolase activity + biological_process + GO:0051346 + + negative regulation of hydrolase activity - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. - - - - - - EMAPA:37204 - MA:th - - - - - superior labial vein - FMA:52538 - - - - - upper lip vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vena labialis superior - + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. - - - - EMAPA:37202 - FMA:52541 - MA:0002253 - inferior labial vein - lower lip vein - vena labialis inferior - uberon - venae labiales inferiores - UBERON:0003478 - - vein of lower lip - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. + transferase activator + up regulation of transferase activity + up-regulation of transferase activity + upregulation of transferase activity + activation of transferase activity + stimulation of transferase activity + biological_process + GO:0051347 + + + This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. + positive regulation of transferase activity - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. - - - - - - EMAPA:37202 - MA:th - - - - - inferior labial vein - FMA:52541 - - - - - lower lip vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vena labialis inferior - - - - - - venae labiales inferiores - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37242 - MA:0001903 - cavity of chest vein - cavity of thorax vein - chest cavity vein - pectoral cavity vein - vein of cavity of chest - vein of cavity of thorax - vein of chest cavity - vein of pectoral cavity - vein of thoracic cavity - uberon - UBERON:0003479 - thoracic cavity vein + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. + down regulation of transferase activity + down-regulation of transferase activity + downregulation of transferase activity + transferase inhibitor + inhibition of transferase activity + biological_process + GO:0051348 + + + This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. + negative regulation of transferase activity - + - A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37242 - MA:th - - - - - cavity of chest vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of thorax vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - chest cavity vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral cavity vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - see also caudal vein - - AAO:0011105 - EMAPA:37761 - MA:0002233 - XAO:0000393 - post-vent region vein - vein of post-vent region - vein of tail - uberon - caudal vein - UBERON:0003481 - tail vein + Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + apoptosis of neuronal cells + apoptosis of neurons + neuron programmed cell death by apoptosis + neuronal cell apoptosis + neuronal cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + programmed cell death of neuronal cells by apoptosis + programmed cell death of neurons by apoptosis + programmed cell death, neuronal cells + programmed cell death, neurons + neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0051402 + neuron apoptotic process - + - A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37761 - MA:th - - - - - post-vent region vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of tail - OBOL:automatic - - - - - caudal vein - + Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + CL:0000540 + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - + - - + + - An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37575 - MA:0001808 - apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium - apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium - apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel - blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system - capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - capillary endothelium of respiratory system - capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system - endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius - endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system - endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius - endothelium of capillary of respiratory system - endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius - endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system - respiratory system blood capillary endothelium - respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium - respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary - respiratory system endothelium of capillary - respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003489 - respiratory system capillary endothelium + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances. + detoxification of nitrogenous compound + nitric oxide (NO) detoxification + biological_process + GO:0051410 + detoxification of nitrogen compound - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37575 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of capillary of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system blood capillary endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system endothelium of capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel - OBOL:automatic + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37587 - MA:0001813 - apparatus respiratorius venule - venule of apparatus respiratorius - venule of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0003494 - respiratory system venule + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + meiotic cell cycle modulation + meiotic cell cycle regulation + modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression + regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression + regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + biological_process + meiotic cell cycle regulator + GO:0051445 + regulation of meiotic cell cycle - + - A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37587 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius venule - OBOL:automatic - - - - - venule of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - venule of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37568 - MA:0001803 - uberon - UBERON:0003495 - respiratory system arteriole + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression + positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0051446 + positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - EMAPA:37568 - MA:th + + + positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36610 - MA:0000575 - adult head blood vessel - blood vessel of adult head - blood vessel of head - uberon - UBERON:0003496 - head blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression + negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle + biological_process + GO:0051447 + negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - adult head blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - + - blood vessel of head - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0000518 - blood vessel of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0003497 - abdomen blood vessel - UBERON:0012254 + The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + biological_process + GO:0051450 + myoblast proliferation - + - A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of abdomen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UBERON:0012254 - abdominal aorta artery + The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. + CL:0000056 + GOC:ai + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35397 - MA:0002483 - blood vessel of heart - uberon - cardiac blood vessel - UBERON:0003498 - - heart blood vessel + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole. + GO:0042146 + biological_process + heterotypic vacuole fusion (non-autophagic) + heterotypic vacuole fusion, non-autophagic + GO:0051469 + vesicle fusion with vacuole - + - A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + biological_process + regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0051493 + regulation of cytoskeleton organization + - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:ai + + + - blood vessel of heart - OBOL:automatic + regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah - + - cardiac blood vessel - EMAPA:35397 + regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35182 - MA:0002769 - blood vessel of brain - uberon - UBERON:0003499 - - brain blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + down regulation of cytoskeleton organization + down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization + downregulation of cytoskeleton organization + negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + inhibition of cytoskeleton organization + biological_process + negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0051494 + negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization - + - A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of brain - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. - follow up on tracker item - - EMAPA:36611 - MA:0001241 - blood vessel of cornea - cornea blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003500 - corneal blood vessel + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + up regulation of cytoskeleton organization + up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization + upregulation of cytoskeleton organization + activation of cytoskeleton organization + stimulation of cytoskeleton organization + biological_process + positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GO:0051495 + positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization - + - A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. - - - - - - - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of cornea - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah - - - cornea blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051588 + regulation of neurotransmitter transport + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of neurotransmitter transport + down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport + downregulation of neurotransmitter transport + inhibition of neurotransmitter transport + biological_process + GO:0051589 + negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36520 - GAID:509 - MA:0001317 - MESH:D012171 - XAO:0004153 - blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball - blood vessel of retina - blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball - inner layer of eyeball blood vessel - retinal blood vessel - tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003501 - - retina blood vessel + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of neurotransmitter transport + up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport + upregulation of neurotransmitter transport + activation of neurotransmitter transport + stimulation of neurotransmitter transport + biological_process + GO:0051590 + positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport - + - A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of retina - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball - OBOL:automatic - - - - - inner layer of eyeball blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. + biological_process + response to electricity + GO:0051602 + response to electrical stimulus + - - - retinal blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. + stimulus detection + biological_process + perception of stimulus + stimulus sensing + GO:0051606 + + detection of stimulus + - - - tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + + + The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. + GOC:add + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37236 - MA:0000583 - blood vessel of neck - blood vessel of neck (volume) - neck (volume) blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003502 - neck blood vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + levarterenol reuptake + levarterenol uptake + noradrenaline reuptake + noradrenaline uptake + norepinephrine import + norepinephrine reuptake + biological_process + GO:0051620 + norepinephrine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37236 - MA:th - - - - - blood vessel of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. + GOC:ai - + - neck (volume) blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + norepinephrine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35731 - EMAPA:35995 - MA:0001799 - apparatus respiratorius blood vessel - blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius - blood vessel of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0003504 - respiratory system blood vessel + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell. + regulation of levarterenol uptake + regulation of noradrenaline uptake + regulation of norepinephrine import + biological_process + GO:0051621 + regulation of norepinephrine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + regulation of norepinephrine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. - - UBERON:0003525 - EMAPA:35874 - MA:0001852 - blood vessel of trachea - uberon - UBERON:0003505 - - trachea blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. + down regulation of norepinephrine uptake + down-regulation of norepinephrine uptake + downregulation of norepinephrine uptake + negative regulation of levarterenol uptake + negative regulation of noradrenaline uptake + negative regulation of norepinephrine import + biological_process + GO:0051622 + negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of trachea - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of norepinephrine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. - EMAPA:35144 - MA:0000061 - uberon - UBERON:0003509 - - only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. - arterial blood vessel + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. + positive regulation of levarterenol uptake + positive regulation of noradrenaline uptake + positive regulation of norepinephrine import + up regulation of norepinephrine uptake + up-regulation of norepinephrine uptake + upregulation of norepinephrine uptake + activation of norepinephrine uptake + stimulation of norepinephrine uptake + biological_process + GO:0051623 + positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. + GOC:ai + + + + + positive regulation of norepinephrine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37387 - MA:0001290 - ZFA:0005568 - blood vessel of iris - uberon - UBERON:0003511 - - iris blood vessel + + + + + + + The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + acetylcholine import + biological_process + GO:0051630 + acetylcholine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37387 - MA:th + The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of iris - OBOL:automatic + acetylcholine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:32867 - MA:0002457 - blood vessel of lung - uberon - pulmonary vascular element - UBERON:0003512 - - lung blood vessel + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell. + regulation of acetylcholine import + biological_process + GO:0051631 + regulation of acetylcholine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pulmonary vascular element - EMAPA:32867 + regulation of acetylcholine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37237 - MA:0000511 - blood vessel of torso - blood vessel of trunk - torso blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003513 - trunk blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. + down regulation of acetylcholine uptake + down-regulation of acetylcholine uptake + downregulation of acetylcholine uptake + negative regulation of acetylcholine import + biological_process + GO:0051632 + negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37237 - MA:th - - - - - blood vessel of torso - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. + GOC:ai - - - blood vessel of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - + - torso blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of acetylcholine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37240 - MA:0000554 - blood vessel of cavity of chest - blood vessel of cavity of thorax - blood vessel of chest cavity - blood vessel of pectoral cavity - blood vessel of thoracic cavity - cavity of chest blood vessel - cavity of thorax blood vessel - chest cavity blood vessel - pectoral cavity blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003519 - thoracic cavity blood vessel + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. + positive regulation of acetylcholine import + up regulation of acetylcholine uptake + up-regulation of acetylcholine uptake + upregulation of acetylcholine uptake + activation of acetylcholine uptake + stimulation of acetylcholine uptake + biological_process + GO:0051633 + positive regulation of acetylcholine uptake - + - A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37240 - MA:th - - - - - blood vessel of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of acetylcholine import + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809 + establishment and maintenance of organelle localization + organelle localisation + biological_process + GO:0051640 + + organelle localization + - - - blood vessel of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - cavity of chest blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + organelle localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. + jl + 2013-12-18T14:04:32Z + GO:1902580 + cellular localisation + establishment and maintenance of cellular localization + establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane + single organism cellular localization + intracellular localization + localization within cell + biological_process + single-organism cellular localization + GO:0051641 + + cellular localization + - - - cavity of thorax blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + + + A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. + GOC:tb + GOC:vw - + - chest cavity blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + cellular localisation + GOC:mah - + - pectoral cavity blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + single organism cellular localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37244 - MA:0000531 - blood vessel of pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0003520 - pelvis blood vessel + Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + Golgi apparatus localization + Golgi body localization + Golgi localisation + establishment and maintenance of Golgi localization + biological_process + GO:0051645 + Golgi localization - + - A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37244 - MA:th + Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + GOC:ai - + - blood vessel of pelvis - OBOL:automatic + Golgi localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35848 - MA:0000695 - blood vessel of post-vent region - blood vessel of tail - post-vent region blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003524 - tail blood vessel + Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + cell nucleus localization + establishment and maintenance of nucleus localization + localization of nucleus + nucleus localisation + biological_process + GO:0051647 + nucleus localization - + - A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of tail - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + GOC:ai - + - post-vent region blood vessel - OBOL:automatic + nucleus localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37574 - MA:0001807 - apparatus respiratorius blood capillary - apparatus respiratorius capillary - apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel - blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius - blood capillary of respiratory system - capillary of apparatus respiratorius - capillary of respiratory system - capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius - capillary vessel of respiratory system - respiratory system blood capillary - respiratory system capillary vessel - uberon - UBERON:0003526 - respiratory system capillary + Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + cytoplasmic vesicle localization + establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization + vesicle localisation + biological_process + GO:0051648 + vesicle localization - + - A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37574 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius blood capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius capillary - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood capillary of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - capillary vessel of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system blood capillary - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - respiratory system capillary vessel - OBOL:automatic + vesicle localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35184 - MA:0000810 - NCIT:C49333 - UMLS:C1707348 - brain grey matter - brain grey substance - gray matter of brain - grey matter of brain - grey substance of brain - uberon - UBERON:0003528 - brain gray matter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. + establishment of localisation in cell + establishment of intracellular localization + establishment of localization within cell + positioning within cell + biological_process + establishment of cellular localization + GO:0051649 + establishment of localization in cell - + - A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1707348 - ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gray_Matter - - - - - brain grey matter - MA:0000810 - - - - - brain grey substance - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gray matter of brain - OBOL:automatic + Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. + GOC:ai + GOC:dos + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - grey matter of brain - OBOL:automatic + establishment of localisation in cell + GOC:mah - - - grey substance of brain - OBOL:automatic + + + establishment of cellular localization + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36502 - MA:0000700 - post-vent region skin - skin of post-vent region - skin of tail - uberon - UBERON:0003534 - - tail skin + The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. + establishment of vesicle localisation + biological_process + GO:0051650 + establishment of vesicle localization - + - A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - post-vent region skin - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. + GOC:ai - - - skin of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - + - skin of tail - OBOL:automatic + establishment of vesicle localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:35425 - MA:0001787 - NCIT:C49279 - UMLS:C0225670 - bronchiole of right lung - lobular bronchiole of right lung - right lung lobular bronchiole - uberon - UBERON:0003538 - right lung bronchiole + The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. + establishment of organelle localisation + biological_process + GO:0051656 + establishment of organelle localization - + - A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0225670 - ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Bronchiole - - - - - bronchiole of right lung - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - lobular bronchiole of right lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right lung lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + establishment of organelle localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:19000 - MA:0001778 - NCIT:C49252 - UMLS:C0225674 - bronchiole of left lung - left lung lobular bronchiole - lobular bronchiole of left lung - uberon - UBERON:0003539 - left lung bronchiole + Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. + establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane + establishment and maintenance of position in membrane + localisation within membrane + localization to membrane + positioning within membrane + biological_process + GO:0051668 + localization within membrane - + - A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0225674 - ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Bronchiole - - - - - bronchiole of left lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left lung lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. + GOC:ai - + - lobular bronchiole of left lung - OBOL:automatic + localisation within membrane + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36638 - MA:0001789 - NCIT:C49294 - UMLS:C1709961 - bronchiolus terminalis of right lung - right lung bronchiolus terminalis - terminal bronchiole of right lung - uberon - UBERON:0003540 - right lung terminal bronchiole + Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + cell localization + establishment and maintenance of cell localization + establishment and maintenance of localization of cell + localisation of cell + biological_process + GO:0051674 + localization of cell - + - A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1709961 - ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole + Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - bronchiolus terminalis of right lung - OBOL:automatic + localisation of cell + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. + establishment of Golgi apparatus localization + establishment of Golgi body localization + establishment of Golgi localisation + biological_process + GO:0051683 + establishment of Golgi localization + - - - right lung bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - terminal bronchiole of right lung - OBOL:automatic + establishment of Golgi localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:36636 - MA:0001780 - NCIT:C49255 - UMLS:C1708675 - bronchiolus terminalis of left lung - left lung bronchiolus terminalis - terminal bronchiole of left lung - uberon - UBERON:0003541 - left lung terminal bronchiole + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. + GO:0009613 + GO:0042828 + biological_process + GO:0051707 + response to other organism - + - A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1708675 - ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. + biological_process + GO:0051716 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + cellular response to stimulus + - - - bronchiolus terminalis of left lung - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. + GOC:bf + GOC:jl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + GO:0000074 + GO:0007050 + GO:0071156 + GO:0071157 + GO:0071158 + GO:0071850 + cell cycle modulation + cell cycle regulation + control of cell cycle progression + modulation of cell cycle progression + regulation of cell cycle progression + regulation of progression through cell cycle + arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression + cell cycle arrest + mitotic cell cycle arrest + negative regulation of cell cycle arrest + positive regulation of cell cycle arrest + regulation of cell cycle arrest + biological_process + cell cycle regulator + tumor suppressor + GO:0051726 + + regulation of cell cycle + - - - left lung bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - terminal bronchiole of left lung - OBOL:automatic + + + arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. + up regulation of cell division + up-regulation of cell division + upregulation of cell division + activation of cell division + stimulation of cell division + biological_process + GO:0051781 + positive regulation of cell division + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:16098 - MA:0000577 - adult head connective tissue - adult head portion of connective tissue - adult head textus connectivus - connective tissue of adult head - connective tissue of head - head portion of connective tissue - head textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of adult head - portion of connective tissue of head - textus connectivus of adult head - textus connectivus of head - uberon - UBERON:0003566 - head connective tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. + down regulation of cell division + down-regulation of cell division + downregulation of cell division + inhibition of cell division + biological_process + GO:0051782 + negative regulation of cell division - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult head textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of adult head - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of head - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0000519 - abdomen portion of connective tissue - abdomen textus connectivus - connective tissue of abdomen - portion of connective tissue of abdomen - textus connectivus of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0003567 - abdomen connective tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + biological_process + GO:0051783 + regulation of nuclear division - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - abdomen portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - abdomen textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of abdomen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of abdomen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of abdomen - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37250 - MA:0000585 - connective tissue of neck - connective tissue of neck (volume) - neck (volume) connective tissue - neck (volume) portion of connective tissue - neck (volume) textus connectivus - neck portion of connective tissue - neck textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of neck - portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) - textus connectivus of neck - textus connectivus of neck (volume) - uberon - UBERON:0003568 - neck connective tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + down regulation of nuclear division + down-regulation of nuclear division + downregulation of nuclear division + inhibition of nuclear division + biological_process + GO:0051784 + negative regulation of nuclear division - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37250 - MA:th - - - - - connective tissue of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck (volume) connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck (volume) portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck (volume) textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35968 - EMAPA:35977 - MA:0001814 - apparatus respiratorius connective tissue - apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue - apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus - connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - connective tissue of respiratory system - portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - portion of connective tissue of respiratory system - respiratory system portion of connective tissue - respiratory system textus connectivus - textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius - textus connectivus of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0003570 - respiratory system connective tissue + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + up regulation of nuclear division + up-regulation of nuclear division + upregulation of nuclear division + activation of nuclear division + stimulation of nuclear division + biological_process + GO:0051785 + positive regulation of nuclear division - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea. - - EMAPA:35876 - MA:0001853 - connective tissue of trachea - connective tissue of windpipe - uberon - UBERON:0003571 - - trachea connective tissue + Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + pigment granule localisation + biological_process + GO:0051875 + pigment granule localization - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of trachea - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + GOC:ai - + - connective tissue of windpipe - OBOL:automatic + pigment granule localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37548 - MA:0002409 - connective tissue of lower respiratory tract - lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue - lower respiratory tract textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract - textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract - uberon - UBERON:0003580 - lower respiratory tract connective tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + biological_process + GO:0051890 + regulation of cardioblast differentiation - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37548 - MA:th - - - - - connective tissue of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + up regulation of cardioblast differentiation + up-regulation of cardioblast differentiation + upregulation of cardioblast differentiation + activation of cardioblast differentiation + stimulation of cardioblast differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051891 + positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + down regulation of cardioblast differentiation + down-regulation of cardioblast differentiation + downregulation of cardioblast differentiation + inhibition of cardioblast differentiation + biological_process + GO:0051892 + negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36509 - MA:0000799 - connective tissue of dermis - dermis portion of connective tissue - dermis textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of dermis - textus connectivus of dermis - uberon - UBERON:0003585 - - dermis connective tissue + The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + pigment granule translocation + biological_process + GO:0051904 + pigment granule transport - - - + + + The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location. + establishment of pigment granule localisation + biological_process + GO:0051905 + establishment of pigment granule localization + - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of dermis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dermis portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dermis textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of dermis - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location. + GOC:ai - + - textus connectivus of dermis - OBOL:automatic + establishment of pigment granule localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37252 - MA:0000513 - connective tissue of torso - connective tissue of trunk - portion of connective tissue of torso - portion of connective tissue of trunk - textus connectivus of torso - textus connectivus of trunk - torso connective tissue - torso portion of connective tissue - torso textus connectivus - trunk portion of connective tissue - trunk textus connectivus - uberon - UBERON:0003586 - trunk connective tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. + biological_process + GO:0051930 + regulation of sensory perception of pain - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37252 - MA:th - - - - - connective tissue of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of torso - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - torso textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:32690 - EMAPA:35193 - MA:0001831 - NCIT:C49210 - UMLS:C1707052 - bronchi connective tissue - bronchi portion of connective tissue - bronchi textus connectivus - bronchial trunk connective tissue - bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue - bronchial trunk textus connectivus - bronchus portion of connective tissue - bronchus textus connectivus - connective tissue of bronchi - connective tissue of bronchial trunk - connective tissue of bronchus - portion of connective tissue of bronchi - portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk - portion of connective tissue of bronchus - textus connectivus of bronchi - textus connectivus of bronchial trunk - textus connectivus of bronchus - uberon - bronchial connective tissue - bronchial mesenchyme - UBERON:0003592 - - bronchus connective tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. + biological_process + GO:0051931 + regulation of sensory perception - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1707052 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Connective_Tissue - - - - - bronchi connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial connective tissue - EMAPA:35193 - - - - - bronchial mesenchyme - EMAPA:32690 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37255 - MA:0000555 - cavity of chest connective tissue - cavity of chest portion of connective tissue - cavity of chest textus connectivus - cavity of thorax connective tissue - cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue - cavity of thorax textus connectivus - chest cavity connective tissue - chest cavity portion of connective tissue - chest cavity textus connectivus - connective tissue of cavity of chest - connective tissue of cavity of thorax - connective tissue of chest cavity - connective tissue of pectoral cavity - connective tissue of thoracic cavity - pectoral cavity connective tissue - pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue - pectoral cavity textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest - portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax - portion of connective tissue of chest cavity - portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity - portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity - textus connectivus of cavity of chest - textus connectivus of cavity of thorax - textus connectivus of chest cavity - textus connectivus of pectoral cavity - textus connectivus of thoracic cavity - thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue - thoracic cavity textus connectivus - uberon - UBERON:0003593 - thoracic cavity connective tissue + The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + biological_process + GO:0051937 + catecholamine transport - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37255 - MA:th - - - - - cavity of chest connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of chest portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of chest textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of thorax connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cavity of thorax textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - chest cavity connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - chest cavity portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - chest cavity textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral cavity connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral cavity textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of cavity of chest - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of cavity of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of chest cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of pectoral cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of thoracic cavity - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thoracic cavity textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. + GOC:ai + ISBN:0198506732 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37257 - MA:0000533 - connective tissue of pelvis - pelvis portion of connective tissue - pelvis textus connectivus - portion of connective tissue of pelvis - textus connectivus of pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0003594 - pelvis connective tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051952 + regulation of amine transport - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37257 - MA:th - - - - - connective tissue of pelvis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pelvis portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pelvis textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of pelvis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of pelvis - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:16749 - MA:0000697 - connective tissue of post-vent region - connective tissue of tail - portion of connective tissue of post-vent region - portion of connective tissue of tail - post-vent region connective tissue - post-vent region portion of connective tissue - post-vent region textus connectivus - tail portion of connective tissue - tail textus connectivus - textus connectivus of post-vent region - textus connectivus of tail - uberon - UBERON:0003599 - tail connective tissue - - - - - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of tail - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of tail - OBOL:automatic - - - - - post-vent region connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - post-vent region portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - post-vent region textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tail portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tail textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of amine transport + down-regulation of amine transport + downregulation of amine transport + inhibition of amine transport + biological_process + GO:0051953 + negative regulation of amine transport + - - - textus connectivus of tail - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37251 - MA:0000586 - cartilage of neck - cartilage of neck (volume) - neck (volume) cartilage - uberon - UBERON:0003601 - neck cartilage + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + up regulation of amine transport + up-regulation of amine transport + upregulation of amine transport + activation of amine transport + stimulation of amine transport + biological_process + GO:0051954 + positive regulation of amine transport - + - A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37251 - MA:th - - - - - cartilage of neck - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of neck (volume) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - neck (volume) cartilage - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37547 - MA:0001819 - NCIT:C49256 - UMLS:C1708759 - cartilage of lower respiratory tract - uberon - UBERON:0003603 - lower respiratory tract cartilage + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + biological_process + GO:0051955 + regulation of amino acid transport - + - A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37547 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1708759 - ncithesaurus:Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Cartilage - - - - - cartilage of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. - check whether to classify as part of splanchoncranium - - in mammals the rings are incomplete, in avians the rings are complete. - - - - EMAPA:18699 - EMAPA:35875 - FMA:7434 - MA:0001857 - NCIT:C49304 - UMLS:C1710456 - cartilage of trachea - cartilage of windpipe - cartilaginous ring of trachea - cartilaginous trachea cartilage - cartilago trachealis - tracheal cartilage - windpipe cartilage - uberon - cartilage of the trachea - cartilagines tracheales - ring of the trachea - trachea ring - tracheal ring - UBERON:0003604 - - - trachea cartilage - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Gray952.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + down regulation of amino acid transport + down-regulation of amino acid transport + downregulation of amino acid transport + negative regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport + inhibition of amino acid transport + biological_process + GO:0051956 + negative regulation of amino acid transport - + - The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. - - J:97123 - MGI:smb - MP:0003120 - - - - - UMLS:C1710456 - ncithesaurus:Trachea_Cartilage - - - - - cartilage of trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilaginous ring of trachea - EMAPA:18699 - - - - - cartilaginous trachea cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilago trachealis - FMA:7434 - - - - - tracheal cartilage - FMA:7434 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - + - windpipe cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilage of the trachea - - - - - - cartilagines tracheales - - - - - - - ring of the trachea - - - - - - tracheal ring - + negative regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37530 - MA:0002451 - camera-type eye skin gland - camera-type eye skin glands - camera-type eye skin glands set - skin gland of camera-type eye - skin gland of vertebrate eye - skin glands of camera-type eye - skin glands of vertebrate eye - skin glands set of camera-type eye - skin glands set of vertebrate eye - vertebrate eye skin gland - vertebrate eye skin glands - vertebrate eye skin glands set - uberon - UBERON:0003605 - - eye skin gland + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + positive regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport + up regulation of amino acid transport + up-regulation of amino acid transport + upregulation of amino acid transport + activation of amino acid transport + stimulation of amino acid transport + biological_process + GO:0051957 + positive regulation of amino acid transport - + - A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37530 - MA:th - - - - - camera-type eye skin gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - camera-type eye skin glands - OBOL:automatic - - - - - camera-type eye skin glands set - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin gland of camera-type eye - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin gland of vertebrate eye - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin glands of camera-type eye - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:ai - - - skin glands of vertebrate eye - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin glands set of camera-type eye - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin glands set of vertebrate eye - OBOL:automatic - - - + - vertebrate eye skin gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebrate eye skin glands - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebrate eye skin glands set - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. - MA:0002859 - adult aorta elastic connective tissue - adult aorta elastic tissue - adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus - aorta elastic connective tissue - aorta elastic lamina - aorta elastic laminae - aorta textus connectivus elasticus - dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue - dorsal aorta elastic tissue - dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of adult aorta - elastic connective tissue of aorta - elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta - elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree - elastic tissue of adult aorta - elastic tissue of aorta - elastic tissue of dorsal aorta - elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree - textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta - textus connectivus elasticus of aorta - textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta - textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree - trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue - trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue - trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus - uberon - UBERON:0003609 - - aorta elastic tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + biological_process + GO:0051960 + regulation of nervous system development - + - The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. - MP:0009862 - - - - - adult aorta elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult aorta elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - aorta elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - aorta elastic lamina - MP:0009862 - - - - - aorta elastic laminae - MP:0009862 - - - - - - aorta textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dorsal aorta elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of dorsal aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. - MA:0002858 - cardiac elastic tissue - elastic connective tissue of heart - elastic tissue of heart - heart elastic connective tissue - heart textus connectivus elasticus - textus connectivus elasticus of heart - uberon - UBERON:0003610 - - heart elastic tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + down regulation of nervous system development + down-regulation of nervous system development + downregulation of nervous system development + inhibition of nervous system development + biological_process + GO:0051961 + negative regulation of nervous system development - + - The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. - MP:0009863 - - - - - cardiac elastic tissue - MP:0009863 - - - - - elastic connective tissue of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of heart - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37579 - MA:0001820 - apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue - apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue - apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - elastic connective tissue of respiratory system - elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius - elastic tissue of respiratory system - respiratory system elastic connective tissue - respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus - textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius - textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0003611 - respiratory system elastic tissue + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + up regulation of nervous system development + up-regulation of nervous system development + upregulation of nervous system development + activation of nervous system development + stimulation of nervous system development + biological_process + GO:0051962 + positive regulation of nervous system development - + - An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37579 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + regulation of synapse biogenesis + regulation of synaptogenesis + biological_process + GO:0051963 + + regulation of synapse assembly + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + GOC:ai + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0002857 - cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue - cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus - circulatory system elastic connective tissue - circulatory system elastic tissue - circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system - elastic connective tissue of circulatory system - elastic tissue of cardiovascular system - elastic tissue of circulatory system - textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system - textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system - uberon - UBERON:0003613 - cardiovascular system elastic tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + down regulation of synapse assembly + down-regulation of synapse assembly + downregulation of synapse assembly + negative regulation of synapse biogenesis + negative regulation of synaptogenesis + inhibition of synapse assembly + biological_process + GO:0051964 + negative regulation of synapse assembly - + - An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - circulatory system elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - circulatory system elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of circulatory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of cardiovascular system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of circulatory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + GOC:ai + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. - elastic lamina - elastic laminae - EMAPA:36300 - MA:0002856 - blood vessel elastic connective tissue - blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of blood vessel - elastic tissue of blood vessel - textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel - vascular elastic lamina - vascular elastic laminae - vascular elastic tissue - uberon - UBERON:0003614 - - blood vessel elastic tissue + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + positive regulation of synapse biogenesis + positive regulation of synaptogenesis + up regulation of synapse assembly + up-regulation of synapse assembly + upregulation of synapse assembly + activation of synapse assembly + stimulation of synapse assembly + biological_process + GO:0051965 + positive regulation of synapse assembly - + - Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. - - - - - - - elastic lamina - MP:0006083 - - - - - elastic laminae - MP:0006083 - - - - - - blood vessel elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular elastic lamina - - - - - - vascular elastic laminae - - - - - - - vascular elastic tissue - MP:0006083 + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. + GOC:ai + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0002860 - elastic connective tissue of lung - elastic tissue of lung - lung elastic connective tissue - lung textus connectivus elasticus - textus connectivus elasticus of lung - pulmonary elastic fiber - uberon - UBERON:0003615 - lung elastic tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + biological_process + GO:0051969 + regulation of transmission of nerve impulse + + + + - - - Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lung elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - lung textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + GOC:ai - + - textus connectivus elasticus of lung - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pulmonary elastic fiber - + regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - MA:0001838 - NCIT:C49211 - UMLS:C1707053 - bronchi elastic connective tissue - bronchi elastic tissue - bronchi textus connectivus elasticus - bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue - bronchial trunk elastic tissue - bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus - bronchus elastic connective tissue - bronchus textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of bronchi - elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk - elastic connective tissue of bronchus - elastic tissue of bronchi - elastic tissue of bronchial trunk - elastic tissue of bronchus - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus - uberon - UBERON:0003616 - bronchus elastic tissue + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + down regulation of transmission of nerve impulse + down-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse + downregulation of transmission of nerve impulse + negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + inhibition of transmission of nerve impulse + biological_process + GO:0051970 + negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse - + - An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1707053 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Elastic_Tissue - - - - - bronchi elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + GOC:ai - + - bronchi elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0001861 - cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue - cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue - cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus - elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea - elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea - elastic connective tissue of windpipe - elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea - elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea - elastic tissue of windpipe - textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea - textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea - textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe - vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue - vertebrate trachea elastic tissue - vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus - windpipe elastic connective tissue - windpipe elastic tissue - windpipe textus connectivus elasticus - uberon - UBERON:0003617 - trachea elastic tissue + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + up regulation of transmission of nerve impulse + up-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse + upregulation of transmission of nerve impulse + activation of transmission of nerve impulse + stimulation of transmission of nerve impulse + biological_process + GO:0051971 + positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse - + - An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. + GOC:ai - + - cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic connective tissue of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - elastic tissue of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebrate trachea elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe elastic connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe elastic tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - windpipe textus connectivus elasticus - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. - - EMAPA:35138 - FMA:74433 - MA:0002903 - adult aorta tunica media - dorsal aorta tunica media - trunk of aortic tree tunica media - tunica media of adult aorta - tunica media of aorta - tunica media of dorsal aorta - tunica media of trunk of aortic tree - uberon - UBERON:0003618 - - aorta tunica media + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + biological_process + GO:0051983 + regulation of chromosome segregation - + - The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. - MP:0009873 - - - - - adult aorta tunica media - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dorsal aorta tunica media - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk of aortic tree tunica media - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica media of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica media of aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica media of dorsal aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica media of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. - - BTO:0005553 - EMAPA:35137 - FMA:74419 - MA:0002904 - adult aorta tunica intima - dorsal aorta tunica intima - trunk of aortic tree tunica intima - tunica intima of adult aorta - tunica intima of aorta - tunica intima of dorsal aorta - tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree - uberon - UBERON:0003619 - - aorta tunica intima + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + up regulation of chromosome segregation + up-regulation of chromosome segregation + upregulation of chromosome segregation + activation of chromosome segregation + stimulation of chromosome segregation + biological_process + GO:0051984 + positive regulation of chromosome segregation - + - The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. - MP:0009872 - - - - - adult aorta tunica intima - OBOL:automatic - - - - - dorsal aorta tunica intima - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk of aortic tree tunica intima - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica intima of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica intima of aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica intima of dorsal aorta - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37565 - MA:0001800 - uberon - UBERON:0003643 - respiratory system arterial blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + down regulation of chromosome segregation + down-regulation of chromosome segregation + downregulation of chromosome segregation + inhibition of chromosome segregation + biological_process + GO:0051985 + negative regulation of chromosome segregation - + - An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37565 - MA:th + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. + GOC:ai - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]. - the BTO class may possibly refer to an invertebrate structure - - AAO:0000081 - BTO:0001905 - EMAPA:37759 - MA:0000699 - caudal muscle - muscle organ of post-vent region - muscle organ of tail - post-vent region muscle organ - tail muscle - tail muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0003665 - post-anal tail muscle + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. + GO:0048747 + muscle fiber development + muscle fibre development + myofiber development + myofibre development + biological_process + GO:0055001 + muscle cell development - + - A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - the BTO class may possibly refer to an invertebrate structure - BTO - - - - - EMAPA:37759 - MA:th - - - - - muscle organ of post-vent region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of tail - OBOL:automatic - - - - - post-vent region muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tail muscle - MA:0000699 - - - - - tail muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. + CL:0000187 + GOC:devbiol - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - + + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). - in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity - - - - EFO:0000213 - EMAPA:36505 - FMA:12266 - GAID:17 - MA:0003057 - MESH:D034841 - NCIT:C12664 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvZR1TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0230168 - galen:AbdominalCavity - cavity of abdominal compartment - cavity of compartment of abdomen - space of abdominal compartment - uberon - cavitas abdominis - UBERON:0003684 - - abdominal cavity - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. + biological_process + GO:0055002 + striated muscle cell development - + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). - UBERON:cjm - - - - - in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0230168 - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Cavity - - - - - cavity of abdominal compartment - FMA:12266 - - - - - cavity of compartment of abdomen - FMA:12266 - - - - - space of abdominal compartment - FMA:12266 - - - - - cavitas abdominis - - - - - - - cavitas abdominis - GAID:17 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. + CL:0000737 + GOC:devbiol - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. - Foramen in the occipital region of neurocranium to allow passage of spinal cord.[TAO] - - - - AAO:0010826 - EMAPA:37868 - FMA:75306 - GAID:228 - MESH:D005539 - NCIT:C12495 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwOm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0002045 - UMLS:C0016519 - ZFA:0005387 - uberon - UBERON:0003687 - - - Design pattern notes: check whether this fits the foramen design pattern - foramen magnum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray130.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. + cardiac myofibril development + cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + biological_process + heart myofibril assembly + GO:0055003 + cardiac myofibril assembly - + - In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - Foramen in the occipital region of neurocranium to allow passage of spinal cord.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002045 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - EMAPA:37868 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0016519 - ncithesaurus:Foramen_Magnum + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. + GOC:devbiol - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. - - - - FMA:25524 - GAID:250 - MESH:D001268 - NCIT:C32157 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwUUIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0004168 - atlanto axial joint - atlantoaxial joint - uberon - articulatio atlantoaxialis - articulatio atlantoepistrophica - atlantoaxial - lateral atlanto-axial joint - median atlanto-axial joint - UBERON:0003694 - - atlanto-axial joint - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. + cardiocyte development + biological_process + heart cell development + GO:0055006 + cardiac cell development - + - The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. - - - - - - UMLS:C0004168 - ncithesaurus:Atlanto-axial_Joint - - - - - atlanto axial joint - GAID:250 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. + GOC:devbiol - + - atlantoaxial joint - GAID:250 - - - - - articulatio atlantoaxialis - - - - - - articulatio atlantoepistrophica - - - - - - atlantoaxial - - - - - - lateral atlanto-axial joint - - - - - - median atlanto-axial joint - + cardiocyte development + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. - - - - EMAPA:37064 - FMA:10429 - FMA:259054 - GAID:26 - MESH:D034861 - NCIT:C77608 - UMLS:C0836916 - paries abdominalis - wall of abdomen - wall of abdomen proper - uberon - abdominal wall proper - layers of the abdominal wall - paries abdominalis - UBERON:0003697 - - abdominal wall - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg - - - - - The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall - - - - - EMAPA:37064 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0836916 - ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall - - - - - paries abdominalis - - - - - - wall of abdomen - FMA:259054 - - - - - wall of abdomen proper - FMA:10429 - - - - - abdominal wall proper - FMA:10429 - - - - - layers of the abdominal wall - - - - - - paries abdominalis - - - - - - - - - - - Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. - includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct - - - - FMA:14678 - GAID:281 - MA:0002659 - MESH:D017734 - NCIT:C32573 - UMLS:C0206187 - uberon - bile duct extrahepatic part - extrahepatic biliary system - UBERON:0003703 - - - extrahepatic bile duct + + + + + + + The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. + cardiomyocyte differentiation + biological_process + heart muscle cell differentiation + GO:0055007 + cardiac muscle cell differentiation - + - Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. - MESH:A03.159.183.079 - - - - - UMLS:C0206187 - ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct - - - - - bile duct extrahepatic part - MA:0002659 - - - - - extrahepatic biliary system - GAID:281 + The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. + GOC:devbiol + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. - includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts - Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] - - - FMA:15766 - GAID:287 - MA:0001630 - MESH:D001653 - NCIT:C12677 - TAO:0005169 - UMLS:C0005401 - ZFA:0005169 - bile duct intrahepatic part - uberon - intrahepatic biliary system - UBERON:0003704 - - - intrahepatic bile duct - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - MA - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. + myocardium morphogenesis + heart muscle morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0055008 + cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis + - + - Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. - MESH:A03.159.183.158 - - - - - Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005169 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0005401 - ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. + GOC:devbiol - - - bile duct intrahepatic part - MA:0001630 + + + myocardium morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + - The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. - - - - - EHDAA2:0000182 - EHDAA:9868 - FMA:4723 - GAID:529 - MESH:D016121 - NCIT:C32816 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvz3aUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0006095 - galen:BrachiocephalicVein - brachiocephalic venous tree - innominate vein - uberon - innomiate vein - innominate trunk - innominate vein - innominate veins - vena brachiocephalica - venae anonyma - UBERON:0003711 - - brachiocephalic vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png + The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. + atrial heart muscle morphogenesis + atrial myocardium morphogenesis + cardiac atrium muscle morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0055009 + atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis - + - The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. - - - - - - UMLS:C0006095 - ncithesaurus:Innominate_Vein - - - - - brachiocephalic venous tree - FMA:4723 + The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. + GOC:devbiol - + - innominate vein - FMA:4723 - - - - - innomiate vein - - - - - - innominate trunk - - - - - - innominate vein - - - - - - innominate vein - GAID:529 - - - - - innominate veins - - - - - - vena brachiocephalica - - - - - - vena brachiocephalica - - - - - - - venae anonyma - - + atrial myocardium morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. - - - - - EMAPA:37226 - FMA:14331 - GAID:541 - MA:0002164 - MESH:D013162 - NCIT:C33608 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt0eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0038001 - galen:SplenicVein - vena splenica - uberon - lienal vein - vena lienalis - UBERON:0003713 - - splenic vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Gray1189.png - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bilebladder.png + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. + cardiac ventricle muscle morphogenesis + ventricular heart muscle morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0055010 + ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis - + - A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein - - - - - EMAPA:37226 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0038001 - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein - - - - - vena splenica - FMA:14331 - FMA:TA - - - - - - lienal vein - - MA:0002164 - - - - - vena lienalis - - + The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. + GOC:devbiol - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] - FMA definition includes vasculature - - - AAO:0000325 - AEO:0000123 - EHDAA2:0003123 - FMA:9642 - GAID:609 - MESH:D009417 - NCIT:C13052 - OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ - UMLS:C0027757 - nerve tissue - nervous tissue - portion of neural tissue - uberon - UBERON:0003714 - neural tissue + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. + GO:0048739 + cardiac muscle fiber development + cardiac muscle fibre development + cardiomyocyte cell development + heart muscle cell development + biological_process + heart muscle fiber development + GO:0055013 + cardiac muscle cell development - + - Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. - FMA:9642 - - - - - One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000325 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - FMA definition includes vasculature - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0027757 - ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue - - - - - nerve tissue - FMA:9642 - - - - - nervous tissue - FMA:9642 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. + GOC:devbiol + GOC:mtg_heart - + - portion of neural tissue - FMA:9642 + cardiomyocyte cell development + GOC:mtg_muscle - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - - + + - The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. - All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers - - - BAMS:spn - EMAPA:37959 - FMA:5883 - GAID:800 - MESH:D013153 - uberon - splanchnic nerves - visceral nerve - UBERON:0003715 - - splanchnic nerve + The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. + heart muscle growth + biological_process + GO:0055017 + cardiac muscle tissue growth - + - The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. - MP:0008318 - - - - - EMAPA:37959 - MA:th - - - - - splanchnic nerves - BAMS:spn - - - - - visceral nerve - + The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. + GOC:devbiol - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. - - - FMA:5860 - GAID:857 - MESH:D013900 - OpenCyc:Mx4rwSJp_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - neuronames:1725 - nervus thoracis - thoracic spinal nerve - uberon - nervi thoracici - pectoral nerve - UBERON:0003726 - thoracic nerve + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development + regulation of heart muscle fiber development + biological_process + GO:0055018 + regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + + + + - - - The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. - MESH:A08.800.800.720.800 - - - - - nervus thoracis - FMA:5860 - FMA:TA - - - - - - thoracic spinal nerve - FMA:5860 - - - - - nervi thoracici - - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - pectoral nerve - GAID:857 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + GOC:vk - + - - - The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - EMAPA:18227 - FMA:6028 - GAID:858 - MESH:D007367 - NCIT:C32825 - UMLS:C1285089 - anterior ramus of thoracic nerve - anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve - ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus - thoracic anterior ramus - ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve - uberon - nervi intercostales - UBERON:0003727 - intercostal nerve - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray819.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + down regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + down-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + downregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + negative regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development + inhibition of cardiac muscle fiber development + biological_process + negative regulation of heart muscle fiber development + GO:0055019 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development - + - The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - UMLS:C1285089 - ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Nerve - - - - - anterior ramus of thoracic nerve - FMA:6028 - - - - - anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve - FMA:6028 - - - - - ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus - FMA:6028 - - - - - thoracic anterior ramus - FMA:6028 - - - - - ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve - FMA:6028 - - - - - nervi intercostales - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + positive regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development + positive regulation of heart muscle fiber development + up regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + up-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + upregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + activation of cardiac muscle fiber development + stimulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + biological_process + GO:0055020 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. + GOC:vk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + biological_process + GO:0055021 + regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + GOC:vk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. - this is defined as any mucous membrane of the mouth - including palate, lips, uvula, etc. ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal. In future we may split into masticatory/keratinized (gingiva + hard palate) vs lining/non-keratinized (lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate). FMA distinguishes between mucosa of mouth and region of mouth (the latter including the buccal mucosa) - the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. - - - BTO:0002860 - CALOHA:TS-0716 - EMAPA:26937 - FMA:59660 - GAID:951 - MA:0002794 - MESH:D009061 - NCIT:C77637 - UMLS:C0026639 - mouth mucosa - mouth mucous membrane - mouth organ mucosa - mucosa of mouth - mucous membrane of mouth - oral mucous membrane - oral part of viscerocranial mucosa - tunica mucosa oris - uberon - buccal mucosa - mucosal lining of mouth - oral mucosa - tunica mucosa oris - UBERON:0003729 - - mouth mucosa + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + down regulation of cardiac muscle growth + down-regulation of cardiac muscle growth + downregulation of cardiac muscle growth + inhibition of cardiac muscle growth + biological_process + negative regulation of heart muscle growth + GO:0055022 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth - + - A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. - - - - - - the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0026639 - ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa - - - - - mouth mucosa - FMA:59660 - - - - - mouth mucous membrane - OBOL:accepted - - - - - mouth organ mucosa - OBOL:accepted - - - - - mucosa of mouth - OBOL:accepted - - - - - mucous membrane of mouth - FMA:59660 - - - - - oral part of viscerocranial mucosa - FMA:59660 - - - - - tunica mucosa oris - FMA:59660 - FMA:TA - - - - - - buccal mucosa - GAID:951 - - - - - mucosal lining of mouth - MA:0002794 - - - - - oral mucosa - GAID:951 - - - - - tunica mucosa oris - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37265 - MA:0000562 - MESH:D013900 - nerve of thorax - thoracic segment nerve - thorax nerve - uberon - upper body nerve - UBERON:0003824 - nerve of thoracic segment + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + positive regulation of heart muscle growth + up regulation of cardiac muscle growth + up-regulation of cardiac muscle growth + upregulation of cardiac muscle growth + activation of cardiac muscle growth + stimulation of cardiac muscle growth + biological_process + GO:0055023 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth - + - A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37265 - MA:th - - - - - nerve of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thoracic segment nerve - MA:0000562 - - - - - thorax nerve - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper body nerve - MA:0000562 + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37061 - MA:0000528 - abdominal segment nerve - uberon - UBERON:0003825 - nerve of abdominal segment + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + regulation of heart muscle development + biological_process + GO:0055024 + regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development - + - A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37061 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment nerve - MA:0000528 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37247 - MA:0000559 - bone of thorax - bone organ of thorax - thorax bone - thorax bone organ - uberon - upper body bone - UBERON:0003827 - thoracic segment bone + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + positive regulation of heart muscle development + up regulation of cardiac muscle development + up-regulation of cardiac muscle development + upregulation of cardiac muscle development + activation of cardiac muscle development + stimulation of cardiac muscle development + biological_process + GO:0055025 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development - + - A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37247 - MA:th - - - - - bone of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax bone organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper body bone - MA:0000559 + Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37058 - MA:0000525 - abdominal segment of trunk bone - abdominal segment of trunk bone organ - bone of abdominal segment of trunk - bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0003828 - abdominal segment bone + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + down regulation of cardiac muscle development + down-regulation of cardiac muscle development + downregulation of cardiac muscle development + negative regulation of heart muscle development + inhibition of cardiac muscle development + biological_process + GO:0055026 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development - + - A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37058 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk bone - OBOL:automatic - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk bone organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - MA:0000561 - muscle organ of thorax - thorax muscle organ - uberon - upper body muscle - UBERON:0003830 - thoracic segment muscle + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. + neuroblast cell division + biological_process + GO:0055057 + neuroblast division - - - + + + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. + PMID:11163136 + PMID:11250167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - prolog - + + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. + biological_process + GO:0055059 + asymmetric neuroblast division + - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper body muscle - MA:0000561 + The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35733 - MA:0001828 - apparatus respiratorius muscle organ - muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius - muscle organ of respiratory system - respiratory system muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0003831 - respiratory system muscle + The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. + tb + 2015-10-21T13:22:47Z + GO:0090662 + membrane transport + ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0055085 + + + + + + Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + transmembrane transport - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:dph + GOC:jid + + + + + + + + + The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. + nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism + biological_process + nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process + GO:0055086 + + + + + + nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process + - - - respiratory system muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + + + The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - - + + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - merge muscle and muscle layer? - - EMAPA:26983 - MA:0002682 - esophageal muscle - esophagus muscle organ - gullet muscle organ - muscle organ of esophagus - muscle organ of gullet - muscle organ of oesophagus - oesophagus muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0003832 - esophagus muscle - - - - - + - - + + - - MA - + + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. + biological_process + GO:0055107 + Golgi to secretory granule transport + - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gullet muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. + GOC:curators - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - + - A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37060 - MA:0000527 - abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ - muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0003833 - abdominal segment muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis. + biological_process + GO:0055108 + Golgi to transport vesicle transport - + - A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37060 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37238 - MA:0000558 - blood vessel of thorax - thorax blood vessel - uberon - upper body blood vessel - UBERON:0003834 - thoracic segment blood vessel + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0055117 + regulation of cardiac muscle contraction - + - A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37238 - MA:th - - - - - blood vessel of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper body blood vessel - MA:0000558 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + GOC:ecd - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37057 - MA:0000524 - abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel - blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0003835 - abdominal segment blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0055118 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction - + - A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37057 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + GOC:ecd - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37063 - FMA:264898 - MA:0000530 - abdominal segment of trunk skin - skin of abdominal segment of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0003836 - abdominal segment skin + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + biological_process + GO:0055123 + digestive system development - + - A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37063 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:jid - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37253 - MA:0000560 - connective tissue of thorax - portion of connective tissue of thorax - textus connectivus of thorax - thorax connective tissue - thorax portion of connective tissue - thorax textus connectivus - uberon - upper body connective tissue - UBERON:0003837 - thoracic segment connective tissue + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. + palatum development + biological_process + GO:0060021 + roof of mouth development - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37253 - MA:th - - - - - connective tissue of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of thorax - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - thorax portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. + GOC:dph + ISBN:0721662544 - + - thorax textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper body connective tissue - MA:0000560 + palatum development + ISBN:0721662544 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37059 - MA:0000526 - abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue - abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue - abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus - connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk - portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk - textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk - uberon - UBERON:0003838 - abdominal segment connective tissue + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. + biological_process + GO:0060037 + pharyngeal system development - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37059 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0005713 - AAO:0011073 - EHDAA2:0001269 - EHDAA:2889 - EHDAA:914 - EMAPA:16167 - VHOG:0001119 - XAO:0000252 - cavity of neural tube - lumen of neural tube - neural tube neural lumen - prosencoel - uberon - central lumen - neural lumen - neurocoel - UBERON:0003842 - neural tube lumen + The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. + cardiac myocyte proliferation + heart muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + cardiomyocyte proliferation + GO:0060038 + cardiac muscle cell proliferation - + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001119 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 - - - - - cavity of neural tube - - - - - - lumen of neural tube - - - - - - neural tube neural lumen - EHDAA2:0001269 - - - - - neural lumen - EHDAA:2889 + The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. + GOC:dph + GOC:rph + PMID:11161571 - + - neurocoel - VHOG:0001119 + cardiomyocyte proliferation + GOC:dph + PMID:10074473 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. - - - EHDAA2:0000719 - EHDAA:8703 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvlWYh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VHOG:0001340 - gonad vein - gonada vein - vein of gonad - vein of gonada - uberon - UBERON:0003848 - gonadal vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery. + biological_process + GO:0060039 + pericardium development - + - In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - gonad vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada vein - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of gonad - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vein of gonada - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery. + GOC:dph + GOC:rph + PMID:15138308 + PMID:16376438 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - EFO:0003591 - EHDAA2:0001101 - EHDAA:360 - TAO:0000935 - VHOG:0000796 - ZFA:0000935 - mesencephalic neural crest - neural crest midbrain - uberon - UBERON:0003849 - - - mesencephalic neural crest + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + GO:0002073 + retina development in camera-style eye + biological_process + retinal development + GO:0060041 + retina development in camera-type eye - - - - ZFA - - - + - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000796 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + ISBN:0815340729 - - - mesencephalic neural crest - ZFA:0000935 + + + retinal development + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized. + retina morphogenesis in camera-style eye + retinogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060042 + retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye + - - - neural crest midbrain - ZFA:0000935 + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized. + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_sensu - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. - Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001628 - EHDAA:362 - EMAPA:35747 - TAO:0007063 - VHOG:0001210 - ZFA:0007063 - neural crest hindbrain - rhombencephalic neural crest - uberon - rhombomere neural crest - UBERON:0003852 - - rhombencephalon neural crest + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation + GO:0060043 + regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation + + + + - + - - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0007063 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001210 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - neural crest hindbrain - ZFA:0007063 - - - - - rhombencephalic neural crest - ZFA:0007063 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:rph - + - rhombomere neural crest - EMAPA:35747 + regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA:696 - EMAPA:16163 - EMAPA:16881 - VHOG:0001006 - neural crest spinal cord - uberon - spinal neural crest - UBERON:0003853 - spinal cord neural crest + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + negative regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0060044 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation + + + + - - - A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001006 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - neural crest spinal cord - VHOG:0001006 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - spinal neural crest - VHOG:0001006 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:rph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. - Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] - FMA:312957 - TAO:0007021 - VHOG:0000439 - ZFA:0007021 - neural plate of spinal cord - uberon - UBERON:0003854 - spinal cord neural plate + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + biological_process + positive regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation + GO:0060045 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation + + + + - + - - - - - - - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000439 - VHOG - - - - - - (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000439 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:rph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. + heart beating + biological_process + cardiac contraction + hemolymph circulation + GO:0060047 + heart contraction + - - - neural plate of spinal cord - OBOL:automatic + + + The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA:5012 - EMAPA:16858 - EMAPA:17385 - VHOG:0001090 - gonada mesenchyme - mesenchyme of gonad - mesenchyme of gonada - uberon - UBERON:0003855 - - gonad mesenchyme + + + + + + + Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. + heart muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:0060048 + cardiac muscle contraction - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonada mesenchyme - OBOL:automatic + Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter. + biological_process + serotonin release, neurotransmission + GO:0060096 + serotonin secretion, neurotransmission + - - - mesenchyme of gonad - OBOL:automatic + + + The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter. + GOC:dph - - - mesenchyme of gonada - OBOL:automatic + + + serotonin release, neurotransmission + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. - uberon - UBERON:0003869 - presumptive ganglion + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + biological_process + GO:0060142 + regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion - + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + biological_process + GO:0060143 + positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion + + + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. - future coelomic cavity lumen - uberon - body cavity precursor - UBERON:0003886 - - - future coelemic cavity lumen + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium. + GO:0020017 + cilial membrane + cilium membrane + flagellar membrane + flagellum membrane + cellular_component + GO:0060170 + Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. + ciliary membrane - + - An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. - OBOL:automatic + The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium. + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + GOC:rph - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. - consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults - (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] - - - EHDAA:251 - EMAPA:16088 - NCIT:C34195 - UMLS:C1512940 - VHOG:0000316 - somatic coelom - uberon - UBERON:0003887 - - intraembryonic coelom + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. + Wikipedia:Limb_development + paired limb/fin development + limb bud development + biological_process + GO:0060173 + limb development - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. - MGI:anna - MP:0012187 - - - - - (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000316 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.166 - - - - - UMLS:C1512940 - ncithesaurus:Intraembryonic_Coelom + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + PMID:11487378 - - - somatic coelom - + + + limb bud development + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. - stromal - - FMA:81494 - NCIT:C67387 - UMLS:C0927195 - uberon - stromal connective tissue - UBERON:0003891 - - stroma + Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + biological_process + GO:0060214 + endocardium formation - + - Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. - - - - - - UMLS:C0927195 - ncithesaurus:Stroma_Connective_Tissue + Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + PMID:17722983 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. - consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ - - - AAO:0011058 - BTO:0003391 - EFO:0002577 - EFO:0003428 - EHDAA2:0000744 - EHDAA:973 - EMAPA:16847 - NCIT:C34277 - TAO:0000124 - UMLS:C0734013 - UMLS:C1514451 - XAO:0003266 - ZFA:0000124 - embryological hepatic plate - primordium of the liver - uberon - hepatic plate - liver bud - liver endoderm - UBERON:0003894 - - - - liver primordium + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0060218 + hematopoietic stem cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - XAO - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - ventral foregut endoderm - Zaret 1996 - - - + - A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. - ISBN:3211492755 - - - - - UMLS:C0734013 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Cord - - - - - UMLS:C1514451 - ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver - - - - - embryological hepatic plate - - - - - - primordium of the liver - ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver - - - - - hepatic plate - EHDAA2:0000744 - - - - - liver bud - XAO:0003266 - ZFA:0000124 - - - - - - liver endoderm - EFO:0002577 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + GOC:BHF + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + GOC:rl + PMID:15378083 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. - EHDAA:5982 - EMAPA:18167 - MA:0003153 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 - TAO:0001954 - uberon - UBERON:0003897 - - axial muscle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. + biological_process + GO:0060219 + camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. - HP:0003327 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. + biological_process + GO:0060221 + retinal rod cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. - - skeletal muscle of torso - skeletal muscle tissue of torso - skeletal muscle tissue of trunk - torso skeletal muscle - torso skeletal muscle tissue - trunk skeletal muscle - trunk skeletal muscle tissue - uberon - UBERON:0003898 - skeletal muscle tissue of trunk + A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell. + epithelial cell differentiation from mesenchymal cell + mesenchymal-epithelial transition + biological_process + GO:0060231 + mesenchymal to epithelial transition - - - - - - - - - - - - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. - - - - - - skeletal muscle of torso - OBOL:automatic + A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - skeletal muscle tissue of torso - OBOL:automatic + epithelial cell differentiation from mesenchymal cell + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:rl - + - skeletal muscle tissue of trunk - OBOL:automatic + mesenchymal-epithelial transition + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0060251 + regulation of glial cell proliferation + - - - torso skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0060252 + positive regulation of glial cell proliferation + - - - torso skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:sl + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + biological_process + GO:0060253 + negative regulation of glial cell proliferation + - - - trunk skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:sl + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + biological_process + GO:0060255 + regulation of macromolecule metabolic process + - - - trunk skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0011095 - BTO:0000929 - CALOHA:TS-0685 - EHDAA2:0001253 - EHDAA:4763 - EMAPA:17171 - EMAPA:18590 - FMA:58628 - MA:0000277 - NCIT:C33166 - TAO:0000046 - UMLS:C1518263 - VHOG:0000535 - XAO:0003216 - ZFA:0000046 - neural layer of retina - neural retina - neuroretina - stratum nervosum (retina) - stratum nervosum retinae - uberon - neural retinal epithelium - UBERON:0003902 - - - retinal neural layer - - - - - + - - + + - - Bgee:AN - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. + + + + + + + GO:0042384 + Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 + ciliogenesis + cilium formation + microtubule-based flagellum assembly + biological_process + cilium biogenesis + cilium morphogenesis + cilium organization + GO:0060271 + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. + cilium assembly + - + - The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. - GO:0003407 - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000535 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - UMLS:C1518263 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Retina - - - - - neural layer of retina - FMA:58628 - - - - - neural retina - XAO:0003216 - ZFA:0000046 - - - - - neuroretina - ZFA:0000046 - - - - - stratum nervosum (retina) - FMA:58628 + The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. + GOC:BHF + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv + GOC:pr + GOC:vw + ISBN:0198506732 + PMID:13978319 + PMID:27350441 + Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 - - - stratum nervosum retinae - FMA:58628 - FMA:TA - + + + cilium biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - neural retinal epithelium - MA:000027 + cilium organization + GOC:dph - + - - - - Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. - Fenestrated blood vessel endothelium with pores that are large enough for blood cells to pass. The basal lamina and gap junctions may be discontinuous.[TAO] - sinusoidal - some sources give discontinuous capillary as synonym but this may be a subtype - see FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). - - - FMA:63131 - TAO:0005261 - ZFA:0005261 - sinusoidal blood vessel - sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium - uberon - endothelium of irregular blood filled space - sinusoidal capillary - sinusoidal endothelium - UBERON:0003909 - - sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0060281 + regulation of oocyte development + + + + - - - - Wikipedia-inconsistent - - - + - - Wikipedia - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. - - - - - - Fenestrated blood vessel endothelium with pores that are large enough for blood cells to pass. The basal lamina and gap junctions may be discontinuous.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005261 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - some sources give discontinuous capillary as synonym but this may be a subtype - see FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). - FMA - - - - - sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium - ZFA:0005261 + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + PMID:2394318 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0060282 + positive regulation of oocyte development + - - - sinusoidal capillary - + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers - AEO:0000114 - EHDAA2:0003114 - FBbt:00007474 - epithelial or endothelial tube - uberon - UBERON:0003914 - epithelial tube + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0060283 + negative regulation of oocyte development - + - Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. - - GO:0060562 + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. - uberon - UBERON:0003915 - endothelial tube + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + biological_process + GO:0060284 + regulation of cell development - + - Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. - EMAPA:35932 - FMA:86188 - MA:0000066 - segment of venous tree organ - venous tree organ segment - uberon - UBERON:0003920 - Compare to: vein - venous blood vessel + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + regulation of sarcomere organisation + biological_process + GO:0060297 + regulation of sarcomere organization + + + + - - - A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - segment of venous tree organ - FMA:86188 + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - venous tree organ segment - FMA:86188 + regulation of sarcomere organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + positive regulation of sarcomere organisation + biological_process + GO:0060298 + positive regulation of sarcomere organization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + positive regulation of sarcomere organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. - in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds - revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' - EFO:0002579 - EFO:0003434 - EHDAA2:0001382 - EHDAA:2163 - EMAPA:17066 - FMA:79792 - TAO:0000254 - XAO:0001101 - ZFA:0000254 - pancreatic primordium - uberon - pancreatic anlage - pancreatic endoderm - primordial pancreas - UBERON:0003921 - - - pancreas primordium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + negative regulation of sarcomere organisation + biological_process + GO:0060299 + negative regulation of sarcomere organization + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds - EHDAA2 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - pancreatic anlage - ZFA:0000254 + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - pancreatic endoderm - EFO:0002579 + + + negative regulation of sarcomere organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. + biological_process + GO:0060322 + head development + - - - primordial pancreas - FMA:79792 + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. + GOC:dph - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. + biological_process + GO:0060323 + head morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. - - - - EFO:0003470 - EMAPA:35645 - NCIT:C34242 - TAO:0001390 - UMLS:C1283285 - ZFA:0001390 - pancreatic bud - pancreatic buds - uberon - pancreas epithelium - pancreatic anlage - UBERON:0003922 - - pancreatic epithelial bud - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head. + biological_process + GO:0060324 + face development - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head. + GOC:dph - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - zebrafish - - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. + biological_process + GO:0060325 + face morphogenesis + - - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2-inferred - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. + regulation of cellular localisation + biological_process + GO:0060341 + regulation of cellular localization + - + - The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. - - - - - - - UMLS:C1283285 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Bud - - - - - pancreatic bud - ZFA:0001390 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - pancreatic buds - TAO:0001390 - - - - - - pancreas epithelium - EMAPA:35645 + regulation of cellular localisation + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. - The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] - In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - - - AAO:0011031 - EFO:0003465 - EHDAA2:0001385 - EMAPA:17067 - TAO:0001370 - VHOG:0001428 - XAO:0000467 - ZFA:0001370 - pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud - pancreas primordium dorsal bud - primary pancreatic bud - uberon - dorsal pancreas anlage - dorsal pancreatic anlage - posterior pancreatic anlage - posterior pancreatic bud - UBERON:0003923 - - - dorsal pancreatic bud - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png - - - - - - + - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + + - - + + - - XAO - + + The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + trabeculation + biological_process + trabecula biogenesis + GO:0060343 + trabecula formation + - + - Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. - - - - - - The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0011031 - AAO - XAO:curator - - - - - In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001428 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA, Dong PD, Beis D, Stainier DY, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003), DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M, Bouchareb-Banaei L, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000) + The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + GOC:dph - + - pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud - EHDAA2:0001385 + trabeculation + GOC:dph - - - primary pancreatic bud - XAO:0000467 + + + trabecula biogenesis + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. - In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] - the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. - - - AAO:0011111 - EFO:0003464 - EHDAA2:0001389 - EMAPA:17256 - TAO:0001369 - VHOG:0001429 - XAO:0001103 - ZFA:0001369 - pancreas primordium ventral bud - pancreas ventral primordium duct bud - uberon - anterior pancreatic anlage - anterior pancreatic bud - ventral pancreas anlage - ventral pancreatic anlage - UBERON:0003924 - - - ventral pancreatic bud - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + liver trabeculation + biological_process + liver trabecula biogenesis + GO:0060344 + liver trabecula formation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - - WP - - - + - Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. - - - - - - In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001429 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA, Dong PD, Beis D, Stainier DY, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003), DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M, Bouchareb-Banaei L, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000) + The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + GOC:dph - + - pancreas ventral primordium duct bud - EHDAA2:0001389 + liver trabeculation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - TAO:0005162 - ZFA:0005162 - duct of digestive system - duct of gastrointestinal system - gastrointestinal system duct - uberon - UBERON:0003928 - digestive system duct + + + + + + + The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + spleen trabeculation + biological_process + spleen trabecula biogenesis + GO:0060345 + spleen trabecula formation - + - A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - duct of digestive system - OBOL:automatic + The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + GOC:dph - + - duct of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic + spleen trabeculation + GOC:dph - - - gastrointestinal system duct - OBOL:automatic + + + spleen trabecula biogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. - Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] - - - BTO:0000956 - EHDAA2:0004567 - EMAPA:32928 - MA:0003201 - NCIT:C12963 - TAO:0005123 - UMLS:C0836205 - XAO:0003200 - ZFA:0005123 - digestive tract epithelial tissue - epithelial tissue of digestive tract - epithelial tissue of gut - epithelium of digestive tract - epithelium of gut - gastrodermis - gut epithelial tissue - gut epithelium - uberon - alimentary tract epithelium - UBERON:0003929 - digestive tract epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + cardiac trabecula formation + cardiac trabeculation + heart trabeculation + biological_process + heart trabecula biogenesis + GO:0060347 + heart trabecula formation - + - An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. - - - - - - Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005123 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0836205 - ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium + The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. + GOC:dph - - - digestive tract epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of digestive tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of gut - OBOL:automatic - - - + - epithelium of digestive tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of gut - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastrodermis - - NCBITaxon:6073 - + cardiac trabecula formation + GOC:dph - + - gut epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + cardiac trabeculation + GOC:dph - + - gut epithelium - EHDAA2:0004567 - MA:0003201 - ZFA:0005123 + heart trabeculation + GOC:dph - + - alimentary tract epithelium - OBOL:automatic + heart trabecula biogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. - EFO:0003690 - TAO:0001461 - ZFA:0001461 - cartilage of chondrocranium - cartilaginous element of chondrocranium - chondrocranium cartilage - neurocranium cartilage - uberon - UBERON:0003932 - - cartilage element of chondrocranium + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. + biological_process + GO:0060348 + bone development - + - A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. - - - - - - cartilage of chondrocranium - OBOL:accepted - - - - - cartilaginous element of chondrocranium - OBOL:accepted - - - - - chondrocranium cartilage - ZFA:0001461 - - - - - neurocranium cartilage - ZFA:0001461 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. - Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO] - TAO:0001458 - ZFA:0001458 - cartilage of cranium - cranium cartilage - uberon - cranial cartilages - UBERON:0003933 - cranial cartilage + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which bones are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0060349 + bone morphogenesis - + - A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. - - ZFA:0001458 - - - - - Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001458 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - cartilage of cranium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cranium cartilage - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cranial cartilages - ZFA:0001458 - + The process in which bones are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. - MA:0001751 - genitalia gland - gland of genitalia - gland of reproductive system - reproductive gland - reproductive system gland - sex gland - uberon - UBERON:0003937 - - - reproductive gland + The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. + biological_process + GO:0060350 + endochondral bone morphogenesis - + - Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. - MP:0000653 - - - - - genitalia gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gland of genitalia - MP:0000653 - - - - - gland of reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - reproductive gland - MA:0001751 - - - - - reproductive system gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sex gland - MP:0000653 + The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. + GOC:dph + PMID:11680679 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. + biological_process + GO:0060351 + cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. - The neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals - MP defines this in a may more appropriate to somatosensory cortex - UBERON:0014511 - - EMAPA:37954 - NLXANAT:090818 - neuronames:2887 - somatic sensory system - system for detection of somatic senses - uberon - UBERON:0003942 - - somatosensory system + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus. + GO:1903717 + response to ammonia + biological_process + GO:0060359 + response to ammonium ion - + - The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. - NLXANAT:090818 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000071 + PMID:23509267 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. + myocardial precursor cell differentiation + biological_process + cardiac myoblast differentiation + GO:0060379 + cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation + - - - The neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals - MP:0000959 + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - MP defines this in a may more appropriate to somatosensory cortex - MP + + + myocardial precursor cell differentiation + GOC:mtg_heart - - - EMAPA:37954 - MA:th + + + cardiac myoblast differentiation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. + biological_process + GO:0060404 + axonemal microtubule depolymerization + + + + + The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + GOC:krc + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + biological_process + GO:0060408 + regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. - - anterior stroma - EMAPA:37414 - cornea anterior stroma - uberon - UBERON:0003952 - - - anterior stroma of cornea + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + biological_process + GO:0060409 + positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process - - - - lexical - - - + - The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. - MP:0003093 - - - - - anterior stroma - MP:0003093 - - - - - EMAPA:37414 - MA:th + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + biological_process + GO:0060410 + negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process + - - - cornea anterior stroma - MP:0003093 + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - - + + - The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. - posterior stroma - EMAPA:37415 - cornea posterior stroma - uberon - UBERON:0003953 - - posterior stroma of cornea + The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart. + GO:0003280 + heart septum morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060411 + cardiac septum morphogenesis - - - - lexical - - - + - The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. - MP:0003094 - - - - - posterior stroma - MP:0003094 - - - - - EMAPA:37415 - MA:th - - - - - cornea posterior stroma - MP:0003094 + The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. - EMAPA:37841 - cutaneous elastic fiber - dermal elastic fiber - uberon - UBERON:0003967 - - cutaneous elastic tissue + The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. + interventricular septum morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060412 + ventricular septum morphogenesis - + - The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. - MP:0008418 - - - - - EMAPA:37841 - MA:th - - - - - cutaneous elastic fiber - MP:0008418 + The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. + GOC:dph - - - dermal elastic fiber - MP:0008418 + + + interventricular septum morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. - - BTO:0003099 - FMA:45654 - female internal genitalia - internal female genital organ - internal genitalia of female reproductive system - uberon - organa genitalia feminina interna - UBERON:0003975 - - - TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 - internal female genitalia + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another. + GO:0003287 + interatrial septum morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060413 + atrial septum morphogenesis - + - The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. - MP:0009209 - - - - - female internal genitalia - FMA:45654 - - - - - internal female genital organ - BTO:0003099 + The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart - + - internal genitalia of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organa genitalia feminina interna - BTO:0003099 + interatrial septum morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. - uberon - UBERON:0004015 - - embryonic-extraembryonic boundary + + + + + + + The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + biological_process + GO:0060414 + aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis - + - The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. - MP:0003890 + The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. + GOC:bf + GOC:dgh + GOC:dph + Wikipedia:Aorta - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. - Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. - - - AAO:0011028 - AEO:0001017 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 - EHDAA:1719 - EHDAA:1725 - EHDAA:1731 - EHDAA:1737 - EMAPA:32838 - FMA:295656 - NCIT:C61572 - UMLS:C0180383 - XAO:0000220 - cutis plate - dermatomal mesenchyme - uberon - epimere mesoderm - mesenchyma dermatomiale - UBERON:0004016 - - dermatome - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Gray64.png + The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. + biological_process + GO:0060415 + muscle tissue morphogenesis - - - - AEO - - - - - - - - - - - AEO-text - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-abduced - - - + - A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. - AEO:0001017 - AEO:JB - - - - - UMLS:C0180383 - ncithesaurus:Dermatome - - - - - cutis plate - - - - - - dermatomal mesenchyme - - - - - - mesenchyma dermatomiale - - + The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. + GOC:dph - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The increase in size or mass of the heart. + biological_process + GO:0060419 + heart growth + + + + + The increase in size or mass of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. - As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] - germinal neuroepithelial layer - germinal neuroepithelium - original neural tube - uberon - UBERON:0004022 - - germinal neuroepithelium + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + biological_process + GO:0060420 + regulation of heart growth + + + + - + - - NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. - - MP:0004261 - - - - - germinal neuroepithelial layer - - - - - - germinal neuroepithelium - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - - - - - original neural tube - NCBIBook:NBK10047 + Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + biological_process + GO:0060421 + positive regulation of heart growth + + + + + Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. - - In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) - BTO:0002840 - EMAPA:37440 - TAO:0005164 - ZFA:0005164 - bile ductule - biliary ductule - ductuli biliferi - uberon - bile capillary - biliary ductule - cholangiole - terminal cholangiole - UBERON:0004058 - - - biliary ductule + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0060425 + lung morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - BTO - - - + - One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. - BTO:0002840 - MP:0009494 - - - - - In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) - ZFA - - - - - EMAPA:37440 - MA:th - - - - - bile ductule - BTO:0002840 - - - - - biliary ductule - - - - - - ductuli biliferi - - - - - - bile capillary - BTO:0002840 - - - - - biliary ductule - BTO:0002840 - - - - - cholangiole - BTO:0002840 - - - - - terminal cholangiole - + The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. - consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure - The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen - ependymal layer - EMAPA:17152 - EMAPA:35362 - EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 - MA:0003193 - neural tube ependymal layer - neural tube ventricular germinal zone - neural tube ventricular zone - neural tube ependymal zone - uberon - UBERON:0004060 - - neural tube ventricular layer + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. + pulmonary vasculature development + biological_process + GO:0060426 + lung vasculature development - - - - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - - - - - - - - - - - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - - - + - The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. - - MP:0009689 - - - - - The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen - MP:0009689 - - - - - ependymal layer - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - - - - - neural tube ependymal layer - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - - - - - neural tube ventricular germinal zone - NCBIBook:NBK10047 + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - neural tube ventricular zone - MP:0009689 - - - - - neural tube ependymal zone - MP:0009689 + pulmonary vasculature development + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs. + pulmonary connective tissue development + biological_process + GO:0060427 + lung connective tissue development + + + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. - EMAPA:17148 - EMAPA:35360 - neuronames:1367 - neural tube intermediate zone - uberon - future brain marginal layer - UBERON:0004061 - - neural tube mantle layer + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung. + pulmonary epithelium development + biological_process + GO:0060428 + lung epithelium development - - - - NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - - - + + + pulmonary epithelium development + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - by division - NCBIBook:NBK10047 - + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. + biological_process + GO:0060429 + + epithelium development + - + - The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. - - MP:0009690 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds. + lung formation + biological_process + GO:0060431 + primary lung bud formation + - - - neural tube intermediate zone - - MP:0009690 + + + The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - - - future brain marginal layer - EMAPA:35360 + + + lung formation + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - + + - The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. - EMAPA:17151 - neuronames:1368 - neural tube marginal zone - uberon - brain marginal zone - UBERON:0004062 - - neural tube marginal layer + The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. + biological_process + GO:0060437 + lung growth - - - - - - - - - forms from axons - - - + - The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. - - MP:0009691 - - - - - neural tube marginal zone - MP:0009691 + The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + biological_process + GO:0060438 + trachea development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. - - - AAO:0010561 - EFO:0001904 - NCIT:C34111 - UMLS:C1511061 - neuronames:1372 - basal plate - basal plate of neural tube - spinal cord basal plate - uberon - motor part of neural tube - ventral part of neural tube - UBERON:0004064 - - - neural tube basal plate + The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + biological_process + GO:0060439 + trachea morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - Shh - Swenson - - - + - The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. - - - MP:0009693 - - - - - UMLS:C1511061 - ncithesaurus:Basal_Plate - - - - - basal plate of neural tube - - - - - - spinal cord basal plate - MP:0009693 + The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. - UBERON:0006237 - - - - EHDAA2:0000578 - EHDAA:4778 - EMAPA:16681 - FMA:293101 - NCIT:C34182 - UMLS:C1517321 - VHOG:0001319 - embryonic frontonasal prominence - uberon - forebrain prominence - frontonasal mass - frontonasal process - prominentia frontonasalis - UBERON:0004066 - - frontonasal prominence - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray44.png + + + + + + + The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + biological_process + GO:0060440 + trachea formation - + - The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. - MP:0009901 - - - - - UMLS:C1517321 - ncithesaurus:Frontonasal_Prominence - - - - - embryonic frontonasal prominence - - - - - - forebrain prominence - MP:0009901 - - - - - frontonasal mass - MP:0009901 - - - - - frontonasal process - MP:0009901 - - - - - prominentia frontonasalis - - + The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. + GOC:dph - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. - Fusion of right and left medial nasal processes forms a primary palate rostrally and the nasal septum caudally. The incisive bone, including upper incisor teeth and the rostral up- per lip, are derived from the primary palate. The nasal septum consists of bone, cartilage, and a patch of soft tissue membrane that separates right & left halves of the nasal cavity. - - - EHDAA2:0001076 - EHDAA:4792 - EMAPA:16808 - FMA:295858 - VHOG:0000804 - medial nasal process - medial-nasal process - prominentia nasalis medialis - uberon - medial nasal swelling - nasomedial prominence - UBERON:0004068 - - medial nasal prominence - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray45.png + The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + lung branching morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060441 + epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. - - MP:0009903 - - - - - medial nasal process - EHDAA2:0001076 - - - - - medial-nasal process - EMAPA:16808 + The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - prominentia nasalis medialis - - - - - - - medial nasal swelling - - - - - - nasomedial prominence - + lung branching morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - - - AAO:0010215 - BTO:0001438 - EMAPA:18415 - FMA:321896 - GAID:547 - MA:0000068 - MESH:D014684 - NCIT:C12817 - OpenCyc:Mx4rkJQ4U6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw - UMLS:C0042460 - uberon - caval vein - venae cavae - UBERON:0004087 - - vena cava - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta,_trachea,_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Heart_numlabels.png + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + biological_process + GO:0060450 + positive regulation of hindgut contraction - + - Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. - - - - - - - UMLS:C0042460 - ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava - - - - - venae cavae - - + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. - note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature. The FMA also has FMA:72951 orbital part of eye - in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. - FMA:260119 - content of orbital part of eye - eye region - orbital part of face - uberon - ocular and peri-ocular region - ocular region - orbital content - orbital part of eye - UBERON:0004088 - - orbital region + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + biological_process + GO:0060451 + negative regulation of hindgut contraction - + - The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. - - - - - - in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. - HP:0000284 - - - - - content of orbital part of eye - FMA:260119 - - - - - eye region - - - - - - orbital part of face - - - - - - orbital content - FMA:260119 - - - - - orbital part of eye - FMA:72951 + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. - this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface. - midfacial - EMAPA:32806 - FMA:285406 - MA:0001910 - uberon - lower face - midface/lower face - snout - UBERON:0004089 - - midface + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + biological_process + GO:0060452 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction - + - The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. - - HP:0000309 - - - - - snout - MA:0001910 - + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + biological_process + GO:0060453 + regulation of gastric acid secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + biological_process + GO:0060454 + positive regulation of gastric acid secretion + + + + + Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - 2 - + + - Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. - FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature - - - AEO:0000080 - EHDAA2:0003080 - FMA:242873 - foramen - foramina - uberon - opening - ostia - ostium - UBERON:0004111 - anatomical conduit + Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + biological_process + GO:0060455 + negative regulation of gastric acid secretion - + - Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. - - - - - - FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature - FMA - - - - - foramen - EHDAA2:0003080 - - - - - foramina - - - - - - - ostia - + Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - ZFA:0005568 - iris blood vessels - iris vascular network - iris vasculature - vascular network of iris - uberon - UBERON:0004118 - - vasculature of iris + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + biological_process + GO:0060456 + positive regulation of digestive system process - + - A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - iris blood vessels - ZFA:0005568 - - - - - iris vascular network - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular network of iris - OBOL:automatic + Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. - Grouping term for query purposes - uberon - UBERON:0004119 - - endoderm-derived structure + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + biological_process + GO:0060457 + negative regulation of digestive system process - + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. - + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. - Grouping term for query purposes - mesodermal derivative - uberon - UBERON:0004120 - - mesoderm-derived structure + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. + right pulmonary development + biological_process + GO:0060458 + right lung development - + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. - + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - mesodermal derivative - FBbt:00025998 + right pulmonary development + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. - Grouping term for query purposes - ectodermal deriviative - uberon - UBERON:0004121 - - ectoderm-derived structure + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. + left pulmonary development + biological_process + GO:0060459 + left lung development - + - An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. - + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - ectodermal deriviative - FBbt:00025990 + left pulmonary development + GOC:dph - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] - relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] - Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] - genitourinary - urogenital - - - AAO:0000624 - BILA:0000122 - BTO:0003091 - EFO:0003864 - EHDAA:1013 - EMAPA:16367 - EV:0100094 - FMA:280610 - GAID:362 - MESH:D014566 - NCIT:C12810 - OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g - UMLS:C0042066 - VHOG:0000286 - XAO:0000140 - galen:GenitoUrinarySystem - urogenital system - uberon - GU tract - UG tract - Urogenitalsystem - genito-urinary system - genitourinary tract - urogenital tract - UBERON:0004122 - - - genitourinary system + The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0060460 + left lung morphogenesis - + - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. - VHOG:0000286 - - - - - Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000624 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000624 - AAO - - - - - Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000286 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.633 - - - - - UMLS:C0042066 - ncithesaurus:Genitourinary_System - - - - - Urogenitalsystem - BTO:0003091 - - - - - genito-urinary system - FMA:280610 - - - - - urogenital tract - BTO:0003091 + The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. - EMAPA:37475 - MA:0000080 - layer of myocardium - myocardium layer - uberon - UBERON:0004123 - - - myocardial layer + The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized. + biological_process + GO:0060461 + right lung morphogenesis - + - Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. - - - - - - EMAPA:37475 - MA:th + The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. - The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the the endocardium. Unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae of the zebrafish have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - EFO:0003706 - MA:0002866 - TAO:0005059 - ZFA:0005059 - myocardial trabecular layer - trabecular layer - uberon - heart muscle trabecula - heart muscle trabeculae - myocardial trabeculae carneae - trabecula of heart muscle - trabeculae - UBERON:0004124 - - - myocardium trabecular layer + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung. + biological_process + GO:0060462 + lung lobe development - + - The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. - ZFA:0005059 - - - - - The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the the endocardium. Unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae of the zebrafish have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005059 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - trabecular layer - ZFA:0005059 - - - - - heart muscle trabeculae - - - - - - myocardial trabeculae carneae - - - - - - trabeculae - TAO:0005059 + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. - TODO - check FMA - FMA:83511 - TAO:0005060 - ZFA:0005060 - myocardium of region of ventricle - trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle - ventricular trabecular myocardium - uberon - UBERON:0004126 - - trabecular layer of ventricle + The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. + biological_process + GO:0060463 + lung lobe morphogenesis - - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. + biological_process + GO:0060464 + lung lobe formation + - + - A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - myocardium of region of ventricle - FMA:83511 - - - - - trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle - GO:0003222 - - - - - ventricular trabecular myocardium - GO:0003222 + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. + biological_process + pharyngeal development + GO:0060465 + pharynx development + + + + + The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. + GOC:dph + GOC:rk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + biological_process + GO:0060467 + negative regulation of fertilization + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + - - + + - The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] - - - - AAO:0011039 - EHDAA2:0001320 - EMAPA:16540 - FMA:293357 - NCIT:C34236 - TAO:0000050 - UMLS:C0231106 - VHOG:0000165 - XAO:0000228 - ZFA:0000050 - uberon - evagination - eye vesicle - ocular vesicle - optic vesicles - UBERON:0004128 - - - Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288] - optic vesicle - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Gray863.png + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + pulmonary cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0060479 + lung cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - - - - - - - - - GO-def - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. - - GO:0003404 - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000165 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - UMLS:C0231106 - ncithesaurus:Optic_Vesicle - - - - - eye vesicle - XAO:0000228 - - - - - ocular vesicle - VHOG:0000165 - - - - - optic vesicles - ZFA:0000050 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - salivary nucleus - uberon - UBERON:0004133 - salivatory nucleus - - - + - salivary nucleus - GO:0021751 + pulmonary cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. - TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO - (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000215 - EMAPA:16106 - VHOG:0000975 - myocardial plate - uberon - cardiac crescent - cardiogenic crescent - heart rudiment - UBERON:0004139 - - cardiogenic plate + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. + mesenchymal development + biological_process + GO:0060485 + mesenchyme development - + - The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. - GO:0003142 - - - - - (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000975 - VHOG - - PMID:15611355 Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Bartelings MM, Deruiter MC, Poelmann RE, Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatric Research (2005) + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. + GOC:dph - + - myocardial plate - EHDAA2:0000215 - - - - - cardiac crescent - EMAPA:16106 - - - - - cardiogenic crescent - GO:0003142 + mesenchymal development + GOC:dph - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. - this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] - XAO:0004185 - first heart field - primary heart field - uberon - FHF - PHF - heart field - UBERON:0004140 - primary heart field + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. + biological_process + pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation + GO:0060487 + lung epithelial cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - GO:0003128 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. - GO:0003138 - GOC:mtg_heart - GOC:rl - - - - - this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] - GO + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. + GOC:dph - - - first heart field - XAO:0004185 - - - - - primary heart field - - XAO:0004185 - - - - - FHF - XAO:0004185 - - - - - - PHF - XAO:0004185 - - - - + - heart field - XAO:0004185 + pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. - the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. - AAO:0010411 - EFO:0003526 - EMAPA:32685 - NCIT:C34161 - TAO:0000360 - XAO:0000337 - ZFA:0000360 - embryonic heart tube - endocardial heart tube - endocardial tube - uberon - UBERON:0004141 - - - - heart tube + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. + biological_process + regulation of cell projection formation + GO:0060491 + regulation of cell projection assembly + + + + - + - - - - - - - ZFA-modified + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. - GO:0003143 - GOC:mtg_heart - - - - - the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. - MP:0012700 - - - - - embryonic heart tube - GO:0003143 - - - - - endocardial heart tube - MP:0012700 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - endocardial tube - XAO:0000337 + + + regulation of cell projection formation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - + - + - + - The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. - XAO:0004141 - uberon - UBERON:0004142 - outflow tract septum + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure. + cell-cell signalling involved in lung development + biological_process + GO:0060495 + cell-cell signaling involved in lung development - + - The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. - GO:0003148 + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung + + + + + cell-cell signalling involved in lung development + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. - Depending on the species, attached at the cardiac outflow are described the conus arteriosus, the truncus arteriosus and, or the bulbus arteriosus. At the distal limit of these outflow structures, but lying outside the pericardial cavity, is the ventral aorta[PMID:20735616] - EHDAA2:0001351 - EHDAA:464 - EHDAA:798 - EMAPA:16346 - MA:0000100 - VHOG:0000670 - XAO:0004139 - cardiac outflow tract - heart outflow tract - uberon - arterial (outflow) pole - UBERON:0004145 - - outflow tract + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung. + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling involved in lung development + biological_process + GO:0060496 + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in lung development - + - The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. - GO:0003151 + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung - + - cardiac outflow tract - - - - - - arterial (outflow) pole - + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling involved in lung development + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. - - - - - EHDAA2:0004507 - EMAPA:37137 - FMA:12846 - NCIT:C12878 - NCIT:C12882 - UMLS:C0226654 - UMLS:C0226737 - ZFA:0005814 - galen:CoronaryVein - cardiac vein - coronary vein - heart vein - vein of heart - uberon - coronary vein - UBERON:0004148 - - cardiac vein + Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell. + mesenchymal-endodermal cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0060497 + mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling - - - - FMA - - - + - Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. - - - - - - EMAPA:37137 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0226654 - ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Vein - - - - - UMLS:C0226737 - ncithesaurus:Coronary_Vein - - - - - cardiac vein - FMA:12846 - - - - - coronary vein - ZFA:0005814 - - - - - heart vein - OBOL:automatic + Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell. + GOC:dph - + - vein of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - coronary vein - + mesenchymal-endodermal cell signalling + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. - - FMA:7095 - OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw - chamber of heart - heart chamber - uberon - UBERON:0004151 - generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus - cardiac chamber + Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. + biological_process + GO:0060501 + positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis - + - A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. - GO:0003205 + Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. - propepicardial - Proepicardial clusters in Zebrafish form on the pericardial wall, adjacent to the atrioventricular (AV) junction and near the venous pole[ZFA] - EMAPA:36025 - ZFA:0005808 - proepicardial cluster - proepicardial organ - uberon - UBERON:0004160 - proepicardium + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung. + biological_process + GO:0060502 + epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - todo check other taxa - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. - - GO:0003342 - - - - - proepicardial cluster - ZFA:0005808 - - - - - proepicardial organ - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080218-16 + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. - A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. - in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum - - - - EHDAA2:0001829 - EHDAA:736 - EMAPA:16318 - FMA:295593 - NCIT:C34296 - UMLS:C0231004 - VHOG:0000019 - transverse septum - uberon - UBERON:0004161 - - septum transversum + The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-04-10T09:13:27Z + biological_process + GO:0060536 + cartilage morphogenesis - + - A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. - - VHOG:0000019 - - - - - A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000019 - VHOG - - - - - - - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000019 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 - - - - - in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum - EHDAA2 - - - - - UMLS:C0231004 - ncithesaurus:Septum_Transversum - - - - - transverse septum - + The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - - - The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. - FMA:45652 - internal genitalia - internal genitals - uberon - internal reproductive organ - internal sex organ - UBERON:0004175 - - - TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 - internal genitalia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. + dph + 2009-04-10T08:05:37Z + biological_process + GO:0060537 + muscle tissue development - + - The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. - GO:0035260 + The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. - - FMA:45643 - external genitalia - uberon - external reproductive organ - external sex organ - UBERON:0004176 - - - TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 - external genitalia + The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. + dph + 2009-04-10T08:25:12Z + biological_process + GO:0060538 + skeletal muscle organ development - + - The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. - GO:0035261 + The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. - consider splitting out lymph organ, compare with lymph node - the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. - the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term - - BTO:0004605 - EMAPA:37665 - FMA:7143 - MA:0000747 - haematological system organ - haemopoietic system organ - hematopoeitic organ - hematopoietic system organ - organ of haematological system - organ of haemopoietic system - organ of hematopoietic system - organ of organa haemopoietica - organa haemopoietica organ - hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ - lymph organ - lymphoid organ - uberon - UBERON:0004177 - - - hemopoietic organ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs. + + dph + 2009-04-10T08:44:56Z + biological_process + GO:0060539 + diaphragm development - + - Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. - GOC:Obol - - - - - the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. - - - - - - the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term - FMA - - - - - EMAPA:37665 - MA:th - - - - - haematological system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - haemopoietic system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hematopoietic system organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ of haematological system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ of haemopoietic system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ of hematopoietic system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ of organa haemopoietica - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organa haemopoietica organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lymph organ - MA:0000747 - - - - - lymphoid organ - BTO:0004605 - FMA:7143 + The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. - - BTO:0001685 - CALOHA:TS-0048 - EFO:0002775 - EMAPA:35135 - MA:0000702 - NCIT:C49191 - UMLS:C1706825 - aorta non-striated muscle - aorta smooth muscle - aortic smooth muscle - uberon - UBERON:0004178 - - - aorta smooth muscle tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized. + + dph + 2009-04-10T08:47:51Z + biological_process + GO:0060540 + diaphragm morphogenesis - + - The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. - MGI:csmith - MP:0009865 - - - - - UMLS:C1706825 - ncithesaurus:Aorta_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - aorta non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - aorta smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - aortic smooth muscle - BTO:0001685 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. - EMAPA:32930 - endodermal gut - gut endoderm - uberon - UBERON:0004185 - endodermal part of digestive tract + The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. + dph + 2009-04-10T08:55:42Z + biological_process + GO:0060541 + + respiratory system development - + - A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. - GO:0061031 - - - - - gut endoderm - EMAPA:32930 + The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - + - + - A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37268 - MA:0000497 - nerve of back - uberon - UBERON:0004215 - back nerve + The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. + dph + 2009-04-28T08:42:53Z + differential growth + biological_process + GO:0060560 + developmental growth involved in morphogenesis - + - A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37268 - MA:th + The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. + GOC:dph - + - nerve of back - OBOL:automatic + differential growth + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - EMAPA:35469 - MA:0001547 - involuntary muscle of large intestine - large intestine involuntary muscle - large intestine non-striated muscle - large intestine smooth muscle tissue - non-striated muscle of large intestine - smooth muscle of large intestine - smooth muscle tissue of large intestine - uberon - UBERON:0004220 - large intestine smooth muscle + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. + dph + 2009-04-28T09:17:27Z + apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + biological_process + apoptosis involved in development + morphogenetic apoptosis + GO:0060561 + apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - - - + + + morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - consider merging - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + dph + 2009-04-28T09:33:36Z + biological_process + GO:0060562 + epithelial tube morphogenesis + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - MA - - - - - involuntary muscle of large intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - large intestine involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. + dph + 2009-04-29T01:50:05Z + biological_process + GO:0060563 + neuroepithelial cell differentiation + - - - large intestine non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis. + dph + 2009-04-30T09:27:17Z + epithelial folding + biological_process + folding of an epithelial sheet + GO:0060571 + morphogenesis of an epithelial fold + - - - large intestine smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis. + GOC:dph - + - non-striated muscle of large intestine - OBOL:automatic + epithelial folding + GOC:dph - - - smooth muscle of large intestine - OBOL:automatic + + + folding of an epithelial sheet + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding. + dph + 2009-04-30T09:38:35Z + biological_process + GO:0060572 + morphogenesis of an epithelial bud + - - - smooth muscle tissue of large intestine - OBOL:automatic + + + The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus. + dph + 2009-05-06T08:10:41Z + biological_process + GO:0060574 + intestinal epithelial cell maturation + + + + + The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus. + GOC:dph + PMID:18824147 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - - BTO:0000643 - EMAPA:35441 - EMAPA:35443 - MA:0001539 - NCIT:C49243 - UMLS:C1708547 - bowel involuntary muscle - bowel non-striated muscle - bowel smooth muscle - bowel smooth muscle tissue - intestine involuntary muscle - intestine non-striated muscle - intestine smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of bowel - involuntary muscle of intestine - non-striated muscle of bowel - non-striated muscle of intestine - smooth muscle of bowel - smooth muscle of intestine - smooth muscle tissue of bowel - smooth muscle tissue of intestine - uberon - intestinal muscularis - intestinal smooth muscle - UBERON:0004221 - - intestine smooth muscle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine. + dph + 2009-05-06T08:17:56Z + biological_process + GO:0060575 + intestinal epithelial cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - consider merging - - - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - MA - - - - - UMLS:C1708547 - ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - bowel involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bowel smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestine smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - intestinal muscularis - EMAPA:35441 - - - - - intestinal smooth muscle - BTO:0000643 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0001818 - EMAPA:35823 - MA:0001627 - involuntary muscle of stomach - involuntary muscle of ventriculus - non-striated muscle of stomach - non-striated muscle of ventriculus - smooth muscle of stomach - smooth muscle of ventriculus - smooth muscle tissue of stomach - smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus - stomach involuntary muscle - stomach non-striated muscle - stomach smooth muscle tissue - ventriculus involuntary muscle - ventriculus non-striated muscle - ventriculus smooth muscle - ventriculus smooth muscle tissue - uberon - gastric muscle - gastric smooth muscle - stomach muscle - UBERON:0004222 - stomach smooth muscle + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-05-06T08:20:24Z + biological_process + GO:0060576 + intestinal epithelial cell development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventriculus smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric muscle - BTO:0001818 - - - - - gastric smooth muscle - MA:0001627 - - - - - stomach muscle - BTO:0001818 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0001660 - EMAPA:35734 - MA:0001830 - respiratory smooth muscle - smooth muscle of respiratory system - uberon - airway smooth muscle - airway smooth muscle cell - UBERON:0004225 - respiratory system smooth muscle + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart. + dph + 2009-05-06T08:44:04Z + biological_process + pulmonary venous blood vessel morphogenesis + GO:0060577 + pulmonary vein morphogenesis - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory smooth muscle - BTO:0001660 - - - - - smooth muscle of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - airway smooth muscle - BTO:0001660 + The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart. + GOC:dph - + - airway smooth muscle cell - BTO:0001660 + pulmonary venous blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35117 - MA:0001523 - smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system - uberon - UBERON:0004226 - gastrointestinal system smooth muscle + The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart. + dph + 2009-05-06T08:47:21Z + biological_process + GO:0060578 + superior vena cava morphogenesis - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37394 - MA:0001532 - anal part of perineum involuntary muscle - anal part of perineum non-striated muscle - anal part of perineum smooth muscle - anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue - anal region involuntary muscle - anal region non-striated muscle - anal region smooth muscle tissue - anal triangle involuntary muscle - anal triangle non-striated muscle - anal triangle smooth muscle - anal triangle smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum - involuntary muscle of anal region - involuntary muscle of anal triangle - non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum - non-striated muscle of anal region - non-striated muscle of anal triangle - smooth muscle of anal part of perineum - smooth muscle of anal region - smooth muscle of anal triangle - smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum - smooth muscle tissue of anal region - smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle - uberon - UBERON:0004231 - anal region smooth muscle + The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type. + dph + 2009-05-07T12:40:55Z + biological_process + GO:0060581 + cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37394 - MA:th - - - - - anal part of perineum involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal part of perineum non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal part of perineum smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic + The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35520 - MA:0002410 - involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract - lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle - lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle - lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue - non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract - smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract - smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract - uberon - UBERON:0004233 - lower respiratory tract smooth muscle + + + + + + + The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes. + dph + 2009-05-11T07:47:36Z + biological_process + chondrocyte progenitor cell differentiation + GO:0060591 + chondroblast differentiation - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes. + GOC:dph - - - smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic + + + chondrocyte progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - see notes for muscle of iris. - BTO:0000655 - EMAPA:35448 - FMA:312338 - MA:0001270 - involuntary muscle of iris - iridial smooth muscle - iris involuntary muscle - iris non-striated muscle - iris smooth muscle tissue - non-striated muscle of iris - smooth muscle of iris - smooth muscle tissue of iris - uberon - UBERON:0004234 - iris smooth muscle + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. + dph + 2009-05-15T12:36:28Z + biological_process + adipogenesis + GO:0060612 + adipose tissue development - - - - MA - - - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of iris - OBOL:automatic - - - - - iridial smooth muscle - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. + GOC:dph - - - iris involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - iris non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - iris smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of iris - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of iris - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of iris - OBOL:automatic + + + adipogenesis + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36287 - FMA:312251 - MA:0000706 - uberon - UBERON:0004236 - arteriole smooth muscle + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. + dph + 2009-05-18T02:12:13Z + biological_process + GO:0060623 + regulation of chromosome condensation - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. - Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension. - UBERON:0010508 - - - BTO:0001431 - CALOHA:TS-1107 - EMAPA:35177 - MA:0000710 - MESH:D009131 - NCIT:C33853 - TAO:0005321 - UMLS:C1519956 - ZFA:0005321 - blood vessel involuntary muscle - blood vessel non-striated muscle - blood vessel smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of blood vessel - non-striated muscle of blood vessel - smooth muscle of blood vessel - smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel - vascular smooth muscle - vascular smooth muscle tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004237 - - blood vessel smooth muscle + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. + dph + 2009-05-18T02:29:43Z + biological_process + GO:0060627 + regulation of vesicle-mediated transport - + - Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. - - - - - - UMLS:C1519956 - ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - blood vessel involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - blood vessel smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vascular smooth muscle - ZFA:0005321 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35807 - MA:0000757 - involuntary muscle of spleen - non-striated muscle of spleen - smooth muscle of spleen - smooth muscle tissue of spleen - spleen involuntary muscle - spleen non-striated muscle - spleen smooth muscle tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004238 - spleen smooth muscle + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. + dph + 2009-05-18T03:07:02Z + biological_process + GO:0060632 + regulation of microtubule-based movement - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of spleen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of spleen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of spleen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of spleen - OBOL:automatic - - - - - spleen involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted. + dph + 2009-05-19T03:59:05Z + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0060638 + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling + - - - spleen non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted. + GOC:dph - + - spleen smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - EMAPA:35783 - MA:0001559 - involuntary muscle of small bowel - involuntary muscle of small intestine - non-striated muscle of small bowel - non-striated muscle of small intestine - small bowel involuntary muscle - small bowel non-striated muscle - small bowel smooth muscle - small bowel smooth muscle tissue - small intestine involuntary muscle - small intestine non-striated muscle - small intestine smooth muscle tissue - smooth muscle of small bowel - smooth muscle of small intestine - smooth muscle tissue of small bowel - smooth muscle tissue of small intestine - uberon - UBERON:0004239 - - small intestine smooth muscle + Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted. + dph + 2009-06-03T06:36:46Z + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0060684 + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling - - - - - - - - - consider merging - - - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa - MA - - - - - involuntary muscle of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of small intestine - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small bowel smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted. + GOC:dph - - - small intestine non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - small intestine smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of small bowel - OBOL:automatic - - - + - smooth muscle of small intestine - OBOL:automatic + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signalling + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. + dph + 2009-06-05T12:41:44Z + biological_process + GO:0060688 + regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure + - - - smooth muscle tissue of small bowel - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + dph + 2009-08-04T12:15:57Z + biological_process + GO:0060788 + ectodermal placode formation + - - - smooth muscle tissue of small intestine - OBOL:automatic + + + The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb - + - + - + - + - - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35373 - MA:0001635 - NCIT:C49483 - UMLS:C1708179 - gall bladder involuntary muscle - gall bladder non-striated muscle - gall bladder smooth muscle - gall bladder smooth muscle tissue - gallbladder involuntary muscle - gallbladder non-striated muscle - gallbladder smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of gall bladder - involuntary muscle of gallbladder - non-striated muscle of gall bladder - non-striated muscle of gallbladder - smooth muscle of gall bladder - smooth muscle of gallbladder - smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder - smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder - uberon - biliary smooth muscle - UBERON:0004240 - gallbladder smooth muscle + The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation. + dph + 2009-08-04T03:11:22Z + biological_process + GO:0060795 + cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1708179 - ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - gall bladder involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels. + dph + 2009-08-11T03:47:36Z + biological_process + GO:0060837 + blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation + - - - gallbladder non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed. + dph + 2009-08-12T10:10:51Z + biological_process + GO:0060840 + artery development + - - - involuntary muscle of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed. + dph + 2009-08-12T10:14:07Z + biological_process + GO:0060841 + venous blood vessel development + - - - involuntary muscle of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. + dph + 2009-08-12T10:41:34Z + biological_process + GO:0060842 + arterial endothelial cell differentiation + - - - non-striated muscle of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins. + dph + 2009-08-12T10:43:40Z + biological_process + GO:0060843 + venous endothelial cell differentiation + - - - non-striated muscle of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. + dph + 2009-08-13T02:06:27Z + biological_process + GO:0060896 + neural plate pattern specification + - - - smooth muscle of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. + dph + 2009-08-13T02:09:04Z + biological_process + GO:0060897 + neural plate regionalization + - - - smooth muscle of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape. + dph + 2009-08-13T02:26:54Z + biological_process + GO:0060900 + embryonic camera-type eye formation + - - - smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape. + GOC:dph + GOC:sdb_2009 + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. + dph + 2009-09-17T09:02:13Z + biological_process + cardiogenesis + GO:0060914 + heart formation + - - - smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - biliary smooth muscle - MA:0001635 + cardiogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - + - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - - - BTO:0004401 - EMAPA:35195 - MA:0001840 - NCIT:C49213 - UMLS:C1707055 - bronchi involuntary muscle - bronchi non-striated muscle - bronchi smooth muscle - bronchi smooth muscle tissue - bronchial trunk involuntary muscle - bronchial trunk non-striated muscle - bronchial trunk smooth muscle - bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue - bronchus involuntary muscle - bronchus non-striated muscle - bronchus smooth muscle tissue - involuntary muscle of bronchi - involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk - involuntary muscle of bronchus - non-striated muscle of bronchi - non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk - non-striated muscle of bronchus - smooth muscle of bronchi - smooth muscle of bronchial trunk - smooth muscle of bronchus - smooth muscle tissue of bronchi - smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk - smooth muscle tissue of bronchus - uberon - bronchial smooth muscle - UBERON:0004242 - - bronchus smooth muscle + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + dph + 2009-09-18T11:45:33Z + biological_process + GO:0060915 + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1707055 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue - - - - - bronchi involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchi smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk smooth muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchus smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - involuntary muscle of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of bronchi - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of bronchus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchial smooth muscle - EMAPA:35195 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37708 - MA:0000492 - involuntary muscle of outflow tract - non-striated muscle of outflow tract - outflow tract involuntary muscle - outflow tract non-striated muscle - outflow tract smooth muscle tissue - smooth muscle of outflow tract - smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract - uberon - UBERON:0004246 - outflow tract smooth muscle + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + dph + 2009-09-18T11:50:17Z + biological_process + GO:0060916 + mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37708 - MA:th - - - - - involuntary muscle of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - non-striated muscle of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. + dph + 2009-09-29T11:01:31Z + pacemaker cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0060920 + cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation + - - - outflow tract involuntary muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. + dph + 2009-09-29T11:03:30Z + SA node cell differentiation + SAN cell differentiation + sinus node cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0060921 + sinoatrial node cell differentiation + - - - outflow tract non-striated muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - outflow tract smooth muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + SA node cell differentiation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - smooth muscle of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic + SAN cell differentiation + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - - - smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic + + + sinus node cell differentiation + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. - this class may be obsoleted. See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/93 - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern - EMAPA:37248 - MA:0000494 - uberon - back bone - bone of back - dorsal region bone - UBERON:0004247 - - bone of dorsum + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node. + dph + 2009-09-29T11:07:06Z + biological_process + AV node cell differentiation + GO:0060922 + atrioventricular node cell differentiation - + - A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. - - - - - - EMAPA:37248 - MA:th - - - - - back bone - MA:0000494 - - - - - bone of back - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - dorsal region bone - + AV node cell differentiation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. - review as part of general integumentary system review - part of skin, or more generally, integumental system - in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only - UBERON:0015797 - EMAPA:18187 - EMAPA:35776 - MA:0002710 - MA:0003139 - integumental system muscle - muscle of integumental system - muscle organ of skin - skin muscle organ - uberon - UBERON:0004253 - skin muscle + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. + dph + 2009-09-29T11:51:55Z + pacemaker cell development + biological_process + GO:0060926 + cardiac pacemaker cell development - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only - MA - - - - - integumental system muscle - MA:0003139 - - - - - muscle of integumental system - EMAPA:18187 - - - - - muscle organ of skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin muscle organ - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37243 - MA:0000493 - blood vessel of back - uberon - UBERON:0004258 - back blood vessel + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. + dph + 2009-09-29T11:59:26Z + AV node cell development + biological_process + GO:0060928 + atrioventricular node cell development - + - A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37243 - MA:th + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - blood vessel of back - OBOL:automatic + AV node cell development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - (...) (theme) is how the vertebrate cardiovascular system differs from that of the presumptive evolutionary chordate ancestor. (...) At best we can tell there are two essential new ingredients: (1) vertebrates all have a continuous endothelial lining to the heart and vessels and (2) vertebrates have developed a second chamber in the heart, one designed for generating high systemic blood pressure.[uncertain][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001358 - EMAPA:35623 - MA:0000489 - VHOG:0000603 - cardiac muscle of outflow tract - heart muscle of outflow tract - heart myocardium of outflow tract - muscle of heart of outflow tract - myocardium of outflow tract - outflow tract cardiac muscle - outflow tract heart muscle - outflow tract heart myocardium - outflow tract muscle of heart - uberon - UBERON:0004265 - outflow tract myocardium + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. + dph + 2009-09-29T12:05:47Z + SA node cell development + SAN cell development + sinus node cell development + biological_process + GO:0060931 + sinoatrial node cell development - + - A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - (...) (theme) is how the vertebrate cardiovascular system differs from that of the presumptive evolutionary chordate ancestor. (...) At best we can tell there are two essential new ingredients: (1) vertebrates all have a continuous endothelial lining to the heart and vessels and (2) vertebrates have developed a second chamber in the heart, one designed for generating high systemic blood pressure.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000603 - VHOG - - PMID:9187138 Fishman MC, Chien KR, Fashioning the vertebrate heart: earliest embryonic decisions. Development (1997) - - - - - cardiac muscle of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart muscle of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart myocardium of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle of heart of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - myocardium of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - outflow tract cardiac muscle - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - outflow tract heart muscle - OBOL:automatic + SA node cell development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - outflow tract heart myocardium - OBOL:automatic + SAN cell development + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - - - outflow tract muscle of heart - OBOL:automatic + + + sinus node cell development + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37256 - MA:0000495 - uberon - mesenchyne of back - UBERON:0004267 - back connective tissue + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + dph + 2009-09-29T01:10:32Z + biological_process + GO:0060932 + His-Purkinje system cell differentiation - + - A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37256 - MA:th - - - - - mesenchyne of back - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37707 - MA:0000491 - pericardium of outflow tract - uberon - UBERON:0004271 - outflow tract pericardium + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + dph + 2009-09-29T01:15:02Z + biological_process + GO:0060933 + His-Purkinje system cell development - + - A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37707 - MA:th + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + dph + 2009-09-29T01:20:04Z + biological_process + GO:0060935 + cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation + - - - pericardium of outflow tract - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A muscle that is part of the eye region. - AAO:0000156 - EMAPA:35335 - MA:0000271 - OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - uberon - UBERON:0004277 - - eye muscle + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + dph + 2009-09-29T01:23:03Z + biological_process + GO:0060936 + cardiac fibroblast cell development - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - A muscle that is part of the eye region. - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. - - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] - skeletal - - - AEO:0000168 - EHDAA2:0001843 - EHDAA:5047 - EMAPA:17213 - FMA:23875 - GAID:177 - MA:0003006 - MAT:0000032 - MESH:D012863 - MIAA:0000032 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - VSAO:0000026 - XAO:0004053 - galen:Skeleton - set of all bones - set of bones of body - uberon - UBERON:0004288 - - - - skeleton - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart. + dph + 2009-09-29T02:45:33Z + heart neuron differentiation + biological_process + GO:0060945 + cardiac neuron differentiation - + - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. - VSAO:0000026 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000026 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + heart neuron differentiation + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + - The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. - Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. - Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] - Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] - all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. - Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] - - AAO:0010572 - AEO:0000214 - EHDAA2:0003259 - EMAPA:31109 - FMA:295654 - NCIT:C34140 - TAO:0001513 - UMLS:C1511786 - VHOG:0000676 - ZFA:0001513 - uberon - dermamyotome - dermomyotomes - UBERON:0004290 - dermomyotome + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels. + dph + 2009-09-29T02:48:55Z + biological_process + GO:0060946 + cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation - - - - AEO - - - - - - AEO + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - ZFA - + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart. + dph + 2009-09-29T03:06:37Z + biological_process + GO:0060950 + cardiac glial cell differentiation + - + - The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. - AEO:0000214 - - - - - Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. - - - - - - Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001513 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010572 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. - - - - - - Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000676 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05079.x Devoto SH, Stoiber W, Hammond CL, Steinbacher P, Haslett JR, Barresi MJF, Patterson SE, Adiarte EG and Hughes SM, Generality of vertebrate developmental patterns: evidence for a dermomyotome in fish. Evolution and Development (2006) - - - - - UMLS:C1511786 - ncithesaurus:Dermomyotome - - - - - dermamyotome - VHOG:0000676 - - - - - dermomyotomes - VHOG:0000676 - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. - The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] - TAO:0000115 - ZFA:0000115 - heart cone - rudimentary heart - uberon - UBERON:0004291 - heart rudiment + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell. + dph + 2009-09-29T03:09:24Z + biological_process + GO:0060952 + cardiac glial cell development - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. - GO:0003313 - - - - - The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000115 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - heart cone - GO:0003313 - - - - - rudimentary heart - ZFA:0000115 + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. - It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support[WP] - - EMAPA:36645 - FMA:9496 - cardiac fibrous skeleton - fibrous skeleton of heart - heart fibrous skeleton - skeleton of heart - uberon - anulus fibrosus dexter cordis - anulus fibrosus sinister cordis - trigona fibrosa - trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis - trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis - UBERON:0004292 - cardiac skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + dph + 2009-09-29T03:20:39Z + biological_process + GO:0060956 + endocardial cell differentiation - + - Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. - - GO:0003204 - - - - - cardiac fibrous skeleton - EMAPA:36645 - - - - - heart fibrous skeleton - GO:0003204 - - - - - skeleton of heart - FMA:9496 - - - - - anulus fibrosus dexter cordis - - - - - - - anulus fibrosus sinister cordis - - - - - - - trigona fibrosa - - - - - - - trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis - - - - - - - trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis - - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37573 - MA:0001806 - smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0004297 - respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle + + + + + + + The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. + dph + 2009-09-29T03:26:59Z + biological_process + GO:0060958 + endocardial cell development - + - A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37573 - MA:th - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. - distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources - The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] - (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - trophectodermal - BTO has this has part of the trophoblast - BTO:0001840 - EHDAA2:0002091 - EHDAA:56 - EMAPA:16046 - VHOG:0000979 - uberon - UBERON:0004345 - - - trophectoderm + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state. + dph + 2009-09-30T10:14:56Z + heart neuron development + biological_process + GO:0060959 + cardiac neuron development - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. - MP:0005028 - - - - - The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000979 - VHOG - - - - - - (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000979 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676685 Romer AS, Parsons TS, Vertebrate body (1977) p.105-106 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - BTO has this has part of the trophoblast - BTO + + + heart neuron development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. - EHDAA:938 - EMAPA:16322 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 - VHOG:0001296 - uberon - UBERON:0004348 - - optic eminence + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ. + dph + 2009-10-06T10:53:49Z + biological_process + GO:0060973 + cell migration involved in heart development - + - The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. - MP:0006305 + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells. + dph + 2009-10-06T10:56:33Z + biological_process + GO:0060974 + cell migration involved in heart formation + + + + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. - note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. - Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] - Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] - relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] - The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold - maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop - - - AAO:0010760 - EMAPA:32744 - NCIT:C34109 - TAO:0002146 - UMLS:C1516037 - XAO:0004121 - ZFA:0001702 - apical epidermal ridge - uberon - AER - crista ectodermalis apicalis - UBERON:0004356 - - apical ectodermal ridge - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Limbbuddiagram.jpg + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2009-10-06T12:15:23Z + cardiac blood vessel development + cardiac vasculature development + coronary blood vessel development + heart blood vessel development + heart vasculature development + biological_process + GO:0060976 + coronary vasculature development - + - Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. - - MP:0001676 - - - - - Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010760 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002146 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002146 - TAO + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:mtg_heart - - - The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold - + + + cardiac blood vessel development + GOC:mtg_heart - - - UMLS:C1516037 - ncithesaurus:Apical_Ectodermal_Ridge + + + cardiac vasculature development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - apical epidermal ridge - XAO:0004121 + coronary blood vessel development + GOC:mtg_heart - - - AER - MP:0001676 + + + heart blood vessel development + GOC:mtg_heart - - - crista ectodermalis apicalis - - + + + heart vasculature development + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. - The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] - VHOG:0001258 - limb - fin bud - paired appendage bud - paired limb/fin bud - uberon - UBERON:0004357 - - Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] - paired limb/fin bud + The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. + dph + 2009-10-06T12:28:23Z + cardiac blood vessel morphogenesis + cardiac vasculature morphogenesis + coronary blood vessel morphogenesis + heart blood vessel morphogenesis + heart vasculature morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060977 + coronary vasculature morphogenesis - + - An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. - - ISBN:9780878932504 - MP:0005650 - - - - - The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001258 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/jez.1100 Wagner GP, Chiu C, The tetrapod limb: A hypothesis on its origin. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) (2001) - - - - - limb - fin bud - VHOG:0001258 + The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - paired limb/fin bud - VHOG:0001258 - - - - - - - - - The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. - The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] - the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - 1 - - - - AAO:0010364 - CALOHA:TS-2089 - EHDAA2:0000006 - EHDAA:573 - EMAPA:16118 - FMA:293019 - MFMO:0000095 - NCIT:C34175 - TAO:0001595 - UMLS:C1517197 - VHOG:0000296 - XAO:0000097 - ZFA:0001612 - 1st pharyngeal arch - branchial arch 1 - first branchial arch - first pharyngeal arch - first visceral arch - mandibular arch - visceral arch 1 - uberon - 1st arch - 1st visceral arch - arcus pharyngeus primus - UBERON:0004362 - - - - pharyngeal arch 1 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png - - - - - The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. - - - - - - The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010364 - AAO - XAO:EJS - - - - - the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery - MP:0006337,MGI:smb - - - - - A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000296 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) - - - - - UMLS:C1517197 - ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Arch + cardiac blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - branchial arch 1 - + cardiac vasculature morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - first branchial arch - + coronary blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - first visceral arch - + heart blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - visceral arch 1 - - - - - - 1st arch - EHDAA2:0000006 - - - - - 1st visceral arch - VHOG:0000296 - - - - - arcus pharyngeus primus - - + heart vasculature morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. - add specific artery derivatives - Do not confuse with arch of aorta. - Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - Number varies - Lampreys have 8, hagfishes 15; only up to 6 appear in embryonic development in most gnathostome fishes and all tetrapods - The third, fourth, and sixth arches, along with the seventh intersegmental arteries and the left dorsal aorta, are the primary contributors to the normal aortic arch and its major thoracic branches - UBERON:0004342 - - - AAO:0010414 - EFO:0003695 - EHDAA2:0000186 - EHDAA:398 - EHDAA:7327 - EMAPA:16684 - NCIT:C32123 - TAO:0005004 - UMLS:C0003489 - VHOG:0000122 - XAO:0000341 - ZFA:0005004 - PAA - aortic arch - aortic arches - branchial aortic arches - branchial arch artery - embryonic aortic arch artery - pharyngeal arch artery - uberon - a. arcuum pharyngeorum - aortic arch artery - arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum - branchial aortic arches - pharyngeal arch arteries - pharyngeal arch artery - UBERON:0004363 - - - - - pharyngeal arch artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray473.png + Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. + dph + 2009-10-06T02:02:12Z + angiogenesis involved in cardiac vascular morphogenesis + angiogenesis involved in heart vascular morphogenesis + coronary blood vessel angiogenesis + coronary vasculature angiogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060978 + angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - abduced from EHDAA2 - - - + - One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. - MP:0002672 - - - - - Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000122 - VHOG - - - - - - - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000122 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 - - - - - UMLS:C0003489 - ncithesaurus:Aortic_Arch + Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - PAA - MP:0002672 - + angiogenesis involved in cardiac vascular morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - aortic arch - ZFA:0005004 + angiogenesis involved in heart vascular morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - aortic arches - ZFA:0005004 - + coronary blood vessel angiogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - branchial aortic arches - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 - + coronary vasculature angiogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. + dph + 2009-10-06T02:19:42Z + coronary vasculogenesis + vasculogenesis involved in coronary blood vessel morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0060979 + vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis + - - - branchial arch artery - EMAPA:16684 + + + The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - embryonic aortic arch artery - EMAPA:16684 - MP:0002672 + coronary vasculogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - pharyngeal arch artery - MP:0002672 - - - - - a. arcuum pharyngeorum - - - - - - - aortic arch artery - EMAPA:16684 - - - - - arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum - - - - - - - branchial aortic arches - ZFA:0005004 - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 - - - - - - pharyngeal arch arteries - - - - - - pharyngeal arch artery - VHOG:0000122 + vasculogenesis involved in coronary blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - - - + - Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. - EMAPA:36494 - uberon - UBERON:0004365 - - vitelline blood vessel + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form the blood vessels of the heart. + dph + 2009-10-06T02:33:06Z + biological_process + GO:0060980 + cell migration involved in coronary vasculogenesis - + - Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. - + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form the blood vessels of the heart. + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels. + dph + 2009-10-06T02:49:12Z + biological_process + GO:0060981 + cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis + + + + + The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels. + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. - Acellular anatomical structure composed of collagen, Descemet's membrane is secreted as a basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. Located between the stroma and the corneal endothelium, it is approximately 0.15 micrometer thick at 6 months post-fertilization.[ZFIN] - - - - - - EMAPA:18804 - FMA:58309 - GAID:894 - MA:0001246 - MESH:D003886 - NCIT:C32454 - TAO:0002157 - UMLS:C0011665 - ZFA:0001686 - Descemet membrane - Descemet's posterior elastic lamina - lamina limitans posterior - lamina limitans posterior corneae - posterior limiting lamina - posterior limiting lamina of cornea - posterior limiting membrane - uberon - UBERON:0004367 - - - The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) - Descemet's membrane - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/15 + The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. + dph + 2010-01-11T09:03:48Z + biological_process + GO:0060986 + endocrine hormone secretion - - - - - - - - - Cline et al - - - - - - lexical - - - + - A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. - - MP:0004285 - - - - - Acellular anatomical structure composed of collagen, Descemet's membrane is secreted as a basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. Located between the stroma and the corneal endothelium, it is approximately 0.15 micrometer thick at 6 months post-fertilization.[ZFIN] - 2016-05-01 - TAO:0002157 - ZFIN - - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 - - - - - UMLS:C0011665 - ncithesaurus:Descemet_s_Membrane - - - - - Descemet's posterior elastic lamina - FMA:58309 - - - - - lamina limitans posterior - FMA:58309 + The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. + dph + 2010-01-22T09:09:10Z + hepatobiliary system process + biological_process + GO:0061007 + + hepaticobiliary system process + - - - lamina limitans posterior corneae - FMA:58309 - FMA:TA - + + + An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. + GOC:dph - + - posterior limiting lamina - MA:0001246 + hepatobiliary system process + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. + dph + 2010-01-22T09:11:59Z + hepatobiliary system development + biological_process + GO:0061008 + hepaticobiliary system development + - - - posterior limiting lamina of cornea - FMA:58309 + + + The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. + GOC:dph - + - posterior limiting membrane - ZFA:0001686 + hepatobiliary system development + GOC:dph - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - + - - + + - A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. - Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] - Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals - - - - FMA:58273 - MA:0001240 - NCIT:C32226 - TAO:0002155 - UMLS:C0229127 - ZFA:0001684 - Bowman's anterior elastic lamina - Bowman's layer - Bowman's membrane - anterior elastic lamina - anterior limiting lamina - anterior limiting lamina of cornea - lamina limitans anterior (cornea) - lamina limitans anterior corneae - uberon - Reichert's membrane - anterior limiting membrane - UBERON:0004370 - - - anterior limiting lamina of cornea + The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine. + dph + 2010-01-22T09:17:13Z + EHBD development + extrahepatic bile duct development + CBD development + bile duct development + biological_process + GO:0061009 + common bile duct development - - - - lexical - - - + - A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. - ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane - - - - - Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002155 - TAO - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 - - - - - UMLS:C0229127 - ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane - - - - - Bowman's anterior elastic lamina - FMA:58273 - - - - - Bowman's layer - FMA:58273 - - - - - Bowman's membrane - FMA:58273 + The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine. + PMID:20614624 - - - anterior elastic lamina - ZFA:0001684 - - - - - anterior limiting lamina - MA:0001240 + + + EHBD development + PMID:20614624 - - - anterior limiting lamina of cornea - FMA:58273 + + + extrahepatic bile duct development + PMID:20614624 - + - lamina limitans anterior (cornea) - FMA:58273 + CBD development + PMID:20614624 - + - lamina limitans anterior corneae - FMA:58273 - FMA:TA - - - - - - Reichert's membrane - - - - - - - anterior limiting membrane - ZFA:0001684 + bile duct development + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. - - uberon - omphalomesenteric system - vitelline bloos vessel system - vitelline system - UBERON:0004374 - - vitelline vasculature + The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile. + dph + 2010-01-22T09:38:44Z + biological_process + GO:0061010 + gallbladder development - + - Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. - - - - - - omphalomesenteric system - - - - - - vitelline bloos vessel system - - - - - - vitelline system - + The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. - appendage bone - bone of appendage - bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton - uberon - UBERON:0004375 - - bone of free limb or fin + The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct. + dph + 2010-01-22T09:44:39Z + biological_process + GO:0061011 + hepatic duct development - + - A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct. + GOC:dph + PMID:20614624 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. + dph + 2010-02-02T09:08:03Z + biological_process + GO:0061017 + hepatoblast differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. + GOC:dph + PMID:15226394 + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + - + - - + + - A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. - In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar) - it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below - EMAPA:37722 - MA:0002869 - XAO:0003077 - uberon - presacral vertebra - UBERON:0004451 - - trunk or cervical vertebra + A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. + jl + 2010-02-08T02:43:11Z + GO:0016044 + GO:0044802 + cellular membrane organisation + cellular membrane organization + membrane organisation + biological_process + membrane organization and biogenesis + single-organism membrane organization + GO:0061024 + + + + + + + membrane organization - + - A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. - UBERONREF:0000006 - - - - - it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below - XAO + A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - EMAPA:37722 - MA:th + + + membrane organisation + GOC:mah - + - presacral vertebra - MA:0002869 + membrane organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An embryo at the neurula stage. - UBERON:0007013 - - BILA:0000061 - BTO:0001766 - NCIT:C34229 - UMLS:C1518306 - neurula - uberon - UBERON:0004455 - neurula embryo + The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. + jl + 2010-02-08T02:48:06Z + GO:0006944 + GO:0044801 + Wikipedia:Lipid_bilayer_fusion + cellular membrane fusion + biological_process + single-organism membrane fusion + GO:0061025 + + membrane fusion - + - An embryo at the neurula stage. - - - - - - UMLS:C1518306 - ncithesaurus:Neurula - - - - - neurula - BTO:0001766 + The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. - note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs - FMA:78499 - sense organ system - uberon - UBERON:0004456 - - entire sense organ system + The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium. + dph + 2010-02-09T09:52:49Z + epicardium development + biological_process + GO:0061032 + visceral serous pericardium development - + - Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. - + The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - sense organ system - FMA:78499 + epicardium development + GOC:dph - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:18171 - FMA:71287 - head musculature - muscle group of head - muscles of head - musculi capitis - set of muscles of head - uberon - UBERON:0004461 - - This class is restricted to skeletal muscles that attach to the cranial skeleton. This seems to be consistent with FMA and EMAPA usage. Note that by definition this excludes invertebrate head musculature. It corresponds to the individual muscle organ term UBERON:0002376 - skeletal musculature of head - https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/4 - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1405 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + dph + 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z + biological_process + GO:0061035 + regulation of cartilage development - + - Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head musculature - FMA:71287 - - - - - muscle group of head - FMA:71287 - - - - - muscles of head - FMA:71287 - - - - - musculi capitis - FMA:71287 - FMA:TA - - - - - - set of muscles of head - FMA:71287 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm - BTO:0000508 - EMAPA:37260 - FMA:71293 - muscle group of thorax - muscles of thorax - musculi thoracis - set of muscles of thorax - thoracic musculature - uberon - UBERON:0004464 - - musculature of thorax + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + dph + 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z + biological_process + GO:0061036 + positive regulation of cartilage development - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm - BTO - - - - - EMAPA:37260 - MA:th - - - - - muscle group of thorax - FMA:71293 - - - - - muscles of thorax - FMA:71293 - - - - - musculi thoracis - FMA:71293 - FMA:TA - - - - - - set of muscles of thorax - FMA:71293 - - - - - thoracic musculature - FMA:71293 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - AAO:0000091 - EMAPA:36050 - FMA:71290 - MESH:D009334 - cervical muscles - muscle group of neck - muscles of neck - musculi cervicis - musculi colli - neck musculature - set of muscles of neck - uberon - UBERON:0004465 - - musculature of neck + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + dph + 2010-02-09T03:41:35Z + biological_process + GO:0061037 + negative regulation of cartilage development - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cervical muscles - AAO:0000091 - - - - - muscle group of neck - FMA:71290 - - - - - muscles of neck - FMA:71290 - - - - - musculi cervicis - FMA:71290 - FMA:TA - - - - - - musculi colli - FMA:71290 - FMA:TA - - - - - - neck musculature - FMA:71290 - - - - - set of muscles of neck - FMA:71290 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - FMA:33061 - muscle group of vertebral column - uberon - UBERON:0004468 - set of muscles of vertebral column + The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized. + dph + 2010-02-22T11:29:28Z + biological_process + ovary morphogenesis + GO:0061040 + female gonad morphogenesis - - - muscle group of vertebral column - FMA:33061 + + + The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + ovary morphogenesis + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:71291 - muscle group of back - muscles of back - musculi dorsi - set of muscles of back - uberon - UBERON:0004469 - musculature of back + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + dph + 2010-02-25T10:41:38Z + biological_process + GO:0061046 + regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle group of back - FMA:71291 - - - - - muscles of back - FMA:71291 - - - - - musculi dorsi - FMA:71291 - FMA:TA - - - - - - set of muscles of back - FMA:71291 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. - we merge two FMA classes here - UBERON:0004485 - UBERON:0005633 - AAO:0000427 - EHDAA2:0001429 - EMAPA:18184 - FMA:50205 - FMA:50248 - muscle group of pelvic girdle - muscle group of pelvis - pelvic girdle muscle system - pelvic girdle muscles - pelvic girdle musculature - set of muscles of pelvic girdle - uberon - muscular system of pelvis - set of muscles of pelvis - UBERON:0004470 - - musculature of pelvic girdle + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + dph + 2010-02-25T10:50:01Z + biological_process + GO:0061047 + positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - we merge two FMA classes here - FMA - - - - - muscle group of pelvic girdle - FMA:50205 - - - - - muscle group of pelvis - FMA:50248 - - - - - pelvic girdle muscle system - EHDAA2:0001429 - - - - - pelvic girdle muscles - AAO:0000427 - - - - - pelvic girdle musculature - FMA:50205 - - - - - set of muscles of pelvic girdle - FMA:50205 - - - - - muscular system of pelvis - FMA:50248 - - - - - set of muscles of pelvis - FMA:50248 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. - AAO:0000423 - EMAPA:37857 - FMA:33519 - muscle group of pectoral girdle - pectoral girdle muscles - pectoral girdle musculature - set of muscles of pectoral girdle - uberon - UBERON:0004471 - - musculature of pectoral girdle + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + dph + 2010-02-25T10:51:31Z + biological_process + GO:0061048 + negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis - + - A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. - - - - - - EMAPA:37857 - MA:th - - - - - muscle group of pectoral girdle - FMA:33519 - - - - - pectoral girdle muscles - AAO:0000423 - - - - - pectoral girdle musculature - FMA:33519 - - - - - set of muscles of pectoral girdle - FMA:33519 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - + - + - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. - originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose - FMA:71288 - entire facial musculature - facial muscles - muscle group of face - musculi faciei - uberon - set of facial muscles - set of muscles of face - UBERON:0004473 - - musculature of face + + + + + + + The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + dph + 2010-02-25T12:56:07Z + biological_process + cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy + cardiomyocyte growth + heart muscle cell growth + GO:0061049 + cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - entire facial musculature - + The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + GOC:dph - - - facial muscles - FMA:71288 - - - - - muscle group of face - FMA:71288 - - - - - musculi faciei - FMA:71288 - FMA:TA - + + + cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy + GOC:dph - + - set of facial muscles - FMA:71288 + cardiomyocyte growth + GOC:dph - + - set of muscles of face - FMA:71288 + heart muscle cell growth + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - AAO:0011572 - EFO:0003531 - FMA:50187 - muscle group of trunk - set of muscles of trunk - uberon - muscular system of trunk - UBERON:0004479 - - - musculature of trunk - - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle group of trunk - FMA:50187 - + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + dph + 2010-02-25T01:05:16Z + biological_process + GO:0061050 + regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development + + + + + - - - set of muscles of trunk - FMA:50187 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - muscular system of trunk - FMA:50187 + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - in GO, this is equivalent to the atrial myocardium, but FMA distinguishes these two. Consider merging. - FMA:7283 - atrial cardiac muscle tissue - atrial heart muscle - cardiac atrium muscle - uberon - atrial myocardium - UBERON:0004490 - cardiac muscle tissue of atrium + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + dph + 2010-02-25T01:08:08Z + biological_process + GO:0061051 + positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - in GO, this is equivalent to the atrial myocardium, but FMA distinguishes these two. Consider merging. - GO - - - - - atrial cardiac muscle tissue - GO:0055009 - - - - - atrial heart muscle - GO:0055009 - - - - - cardiac atrium muscle - GO:0055009 - - - - - atrial myocardium - GO:0055009 - GOC:mtg_heart + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - + + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:84083 - interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue - interatrial septum heart muscle - interatrial septum muscle - interatrial septum myocardium - uberon - UBERON:0004491 - cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + dph + 2010-02-25T01:11:30Z + biological_process + GO:0061052 + negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue - - - - - - interatrial septum heart muscle - - - - - - interatrial septum muscle - - - - - - interatrial septum myocardium - + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:226279 - cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue - cardiac septum heart muscle - cardiac septum muscle - cardiac septum myocardium - uberon - UBERON:0004492 - cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum + + + + + + + The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. + dph + 2010-03-02T12:05:13Z + biological_process + GO:0061053 + somite development - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue - - - - - - cardiac septum heart muscle - - - - - - cardiac septum muscle - - - - - - cardiac septum myocardium - + The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. - Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship - EMAPA:32688 - FMA:261726 - MA:0002441 - uberon - UBERON:0004493 - - cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium - - - - - + - - + + - - MA - + + The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + dph + 2010-03-02T12:07:37Z + biological_process + GO:0061054 + dermatome development + - + - A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:261898 - uberon - UBERON:0004495 - skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm + + + + + + + The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle. + dph + 2010-03-02T12:11:01Z + biological_process + GO:0061055 + myotome development - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - - FMA:261045 - FMA:261081 - smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole - uberon - UBERON:0004515 - - smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole + + + + + + + The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + dph + 2010-03-02T12:12:40Z + biological_process + GO:0061056 + sclerotome development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole - FMA:261081 + The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - - FMA:261051 - uberon - UBERON:0004516 - - smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms. + dph + 2010-03-09T08:55:14Z + biological_process + GO:0061061 + + muscle structure development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. - FMA:22594 - vertebral column muscle - uberon - UBERON:0004518 - muscle of vertebral column + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + dph + 2010-03-11T12:59:21Z + biological_process + GO:0061062 + regulation of nematode larval development - + - A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. - - - - - - vertebral column muscle - FMA:22594 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:87123 - muscular organ vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0004521 - vasculature of muscle organ + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + dph + 2010-03-11T01:03:34Z + biological_process + GO:0061063 + positive regulation of nematode larval development - + - A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscular organ vasculature - FMA:87123 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:239607 - uberon - UBERON:0004522 - vasculature of musculoskeletal system + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + dph + 2010-03-11T01:04:39Z + biological_process + GO:0061064 + negative regulation of nematode larval development - + - A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. - we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. - The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - - - AAO:0011001 - BILA:0000016 - BTO:0000088 - CALOHA:TS-1297 - EFO:0000791 - EHDAA2:0000216 - EHDAA:394 - EMAPA:16104 - EMAPA:16370 - EV:0100017 - FMA:7161 - GAID:467 - MA:0000010 - MAT:0000016 - MESH:D002319 - MIAA:0000016 - NCIT:C12686 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000010 - UMLS:C0007226 - VHOG:0000302 - WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system - XAO:0000100 - XAO:0001010 - ZFA:0000010 - uberon - CV system - Herz und Gefaesssystem - UBERON:0004535 - - - - - cardiovascular system + The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina. + dph + 2010-03-16T10:48:42Z + biological_process + GO:0061072 + iris morphogenesis - + - Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. - BTO:0000088 - - - - - The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000302 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.451 - - - - - UMLS:C0007226 - ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System - - - - - CV system - BTO:0000088 - - - - - Herz und Gefaesssystem - BTO:0000088 + The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. - - TAO:0001079 - ZFA:0001079 - blood vascular network - set of blood vessels - uberon - blood system - blood vessel system - blood vessels - UBERON:0004537 - - blood vasculature + The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + dph + 2010-03-16T10:55:19Z + biological_process + GO:0061073 + ciliary body morphogenesis - + - A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. - - - - - - blood vessels - TAO:0001079 + The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - EMAPA:37362 - FMA:12515 - MA:0002949 - NCIT:C119334 - left eyeball - left orbital part of face - left orbital region - uberon - UBERON:0004548 - - left eye + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + dph + 2010-03-16T11:47:05Z + biological_process + GO:0061074 + regulation of neural retina development - + - An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37362 - MA:th - - - - - left eyeball - FMA:12515 - - - - - left orbital part of face - FMA:54450 - - - - - left orbital region - FMA:54450 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - EMAPA:37363 - FMA:12514 - MA:0002950 - NCIT:C119333 - right eyeball - right orbital part of face - right orbital region - uberon - UBERON:0004549 - - right eye + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + dph + 2010-03-16T11:59:48Z + biological_process + GO:0061075 + positive regulation of neural retina development + + + + - - - An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37363 - MA:th - - - - - right eyeball - FMA:12514 - - - - - right orbital part of face - FMA:54449 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - right orbital region - FMA:54449 + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. - - FMA:45623 - systemic arterial circulatory system - uberon - UBERON:0004571 - - systemic arterial system + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + dph + 2010-03-16T12:46:11Z + biological_process + GO:0061076 + negative regulation of neural retina development + + + + - + - - MA-inferred + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. - - - - - - - systemic arterial circulatory system - FMA:45623 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - - BTO:0004690 - EHDAA2:0000143 - EHDAA:396 - EMAPA:16201 - EMAPA:16371 - MA:0002719 - VHOG:0000273 - uberon - UBERON:0004572 - - arterial system + The progression of the right horn of the sinus venosus from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2010-04-08T02:45:10Z + biological_process + GO:0061080 + right horn of sinus venosus development - - - - MA + + + The progression of the right horn of the sinus venosus from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium. + dph + 2010-04-27T03:28:46Z + biological_process + GO:0061100 + lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation + - + - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. - - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000273 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium. + GOC:dph + PMID:9126746 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. - - EMAPA:37126 - FMA:66464 - systemic arterial subtree - uberon - UBERON:0004573 - - systemic artery + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. + dph + 2010-04-28T09:42:20Z + biological_process + GO:0061101 + neuroendocrine cell differentiation - + - An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. - - - - - - - EMAPA:37126 - MA:th - - - - - systemic arterial subtree - FMA:66464 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. - In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] - Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - - FMA:45626 - systemic venous circulatory system - uberon - UBERON:0004581 - systemic venous system + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium. + dph + 2010-04-28T09:47:07Z + biological_process + gastric neuroendocrine cell differentiation + GO:0061102 + stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation - + - The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] - - - - - - Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] - FMA - FMA:45626 - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000277 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium. + GOC:dph + PMID:18173746 - - - systemic venous circulatory system - FMA:45626 + + + gastric neuroendocrine cell differentiation + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - - - BTO:0004692 - EHDAA2:0002171 - EHDAA:486 - EMAPA:16240 - MA:0002720 - NCIT:C33858 - UMLS:C1267406 - VHOG:0000277 - vein system - uberon - UBERON:0004582 - venous system + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach. + dph + 2010-04-29T12:19:37Z + biological_process + GO:0061105 + regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation - - - - MA - - - + - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. - - - - - - The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000277 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) - - - - - UMLS:C1267406 - ncithesaurus:Venous_System + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach. + GOC:dph - + - - - A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. - FMA class is not a subtype of muscle - - - FMA:75004 - NCIT:C28381 - UMLS:C1409894 - sphincter - uberon - circular muscle - UBERON:0004590 - sphincter muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach. + dph + 2010-04-29T12:23:05Z + biological_process + GO:0061106 + negative regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation - + - A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. - + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells. + dph + 2010-05-01T09:34:37Z + dense core granule organisation + biological_process + GO:0061109 + dense core granule organization + - - - FMA class is not a subtype of muscle - FMA + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells. + GOC:dph - - - UMLS:C1409894 - ncithesaurus:Sphincter + + + dense core granule organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - + + - + - An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. - - BTO:0000766 - CALOHA:TS-2155 - EMAPA:35176 - MA:0000709 - NCIT:C53395 - TAO:0005257 - UMLS:C1706972 - ZFA:0005257 - uberon - UBERON:0004638 - - - blood vessel endothelium + Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ. + dph + 2010-05-05T11:14:38Z + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signalling involved in lung development + biological_process + GO:0061111 + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development - + - An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. - + Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ. + GOC:dph - - - UMLS:C1706972 - ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel_Endothelium + + + epithelial-mesenchymal cell signalling involved in lung development + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. + dph + 2010-05-05T11:55:30Z + biological_process + GO:0061113 + pancreas morphogenesis + + + + + Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. - should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] - - - - - EMAPA:35499 - FMA:14471 - MA:0002494 - NCIT:C32732 - UMLS:C0227518 - hepatic lobule - lobuli hepatici - lobulus hepaticus - uberon - lobules of liver - lobuli hepatis - UBERON:0004647 - - - liver lobule + The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized. + dph + 2010-05-05T12:03:04Z + biological_process + GO:0061114 + branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis - - - - FMA + + + The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - MA - + + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + dph + 2010-05-17T07:31:28Z + biological_process + GO:0061117 + negative regulation of heart growth + - + - The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0008987 - - - - - UMLS:C0227518 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Lobule - - - - - hepatic lobule - FMA:14471 - - - - - lobuli hepatici - - - - - - lobulus hepaticus - FMA:14471 - + Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:hjd + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud. + dph + 2010-05-17T09:33:40Z + biological_process + GO:0061130 + pancreatic bud formation + - - - lobules of liver - - + + + The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. + dph + 2010-05-25T09:05:34Z + biological_process + GO:0061138 + morphogenesis of a branching epithelium + - - - lobuli hepatis - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part. + dph + 2010-05-25T09:28:53Z + biological_process + GO:0061140 + lung secretory cell differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. - EMAPA:35139 - FMA:14156 - MA:0002901 - aortic wall - wall of aorta - uberon - UBERON:0004663 - - aorta wall + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. + dph + 2010-05-25T09:31:14Z + biological_process + GO:0061141 + lung ciliated cell differentiation - + - An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. - - - - - - aortic wall - FMA:14156 - - - - - wall of aorta - FMA:14156 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + + The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + dph + 2010-06-03T09:15:31Z + biological_process + GO:0061147 + endocardial endothelium development + + + + + The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. - - EMAPA:35136 - FMA:14283 - MA:0002902 - tunica adventitia of aorta - uberon - UBERON:0004664 - - aorta tunica adventitia + A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + dph + 2010-06-03T09:18:02Z + extracellular matrix organisation involved in endocardium development + biological_process + GO:0061148 + extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development - + - The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0009871 + A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. + GOC:dph - + - tunica adventitia of aorta - FMA:14283 + extracellular matrix organisation involved in endocardium development + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + dph + 2010-06-15T09:05:00Z + biological_process + GO:0061154 + endothelial tube morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. - The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum[GO:0003149]. - UBERON:0004143 - membranous septum - ventricle membranous septum - ventricular membranous septum - - EHDAA2:0004596 - EMAPA:18246 - FMA:7135 - MA:0002939 - VHOG:0000927 - cardiac ventricular membranous septum - membranous interventricular septum - membranous part interventricular septum - membranous part of interventricular septum - membranous portion of interventricular septum - pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) - pars membranacea septi interventricularis - uberon - membranous interventricular septum - UBERON:0004666 - - interventricular septum membranous part + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery. + dph + 2010-06-15T09:09:04Z + biological_process + GO:0061155 + pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis - - - + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. + dph + 2010-06-15T09:13:47Z + biological_process + GO:0061156 + pulmonary artery morphogenesis + - + - The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. - MP:0008823 - - - - - The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum[GO:0003149]. - GO:0003149 - - - - - membranous septum - GO:0003149 - - - - - ventricle membranous septum - VT:0000018 - - - - - ventricular membranous septum - MP:0008823 - - - - - cardiac ventricular membranous septum - - - - - - membranous interventricular septum - FMA:7135 - - - - - membranous part interventricular septum - VHOG:0000927 - - - - - membranous part of interventricular septum - FMA:7135 - - - - - membranous portion of interventricular septum - FMA:7135 - - - - - pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) - FMA:7135 - - - - - pars membranacea septi interventricularis - FMA:7135 - FMA:TA - - - - - - membranous interventricular septum - MA:0002939 + The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + dph + 2010-07-14T08:28:52Z + biological_process + GO:0061181 + regulation of chondrocyte development + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. - The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum[GO] - UBERON:0004144 - muscular septum - EHDAA2:0000885 - EHDAA:2607 - EMAPA:18247 - FMA:7134 - MA:0002940 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888 - cardiac ventricular muscular septum - muscular interventricular septum - muscular part interventricular septum - muscular part of interventricular septum - pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) - pars muscularis septi interventricularis - septum membranaceum - ventricular muscular septum - uberon - muscular interventricular septum - UBERON:0004667 - - interventricular septum muscular part + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + dph + 2010-07-14T08:33:05Z + biological_process + GO:0061182 + negative regulation of chondrocyte development - + - The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. - - - - - - - The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum[GO] - GO:0003150 - - - - - muscular septum - GO:0003150 - - - - - cardiac ventricular muscular septum - - - - - - muscular interventricular septum - FMA:7134 - - - - - muscular part of interventricular septum - FMA:7134 - - - - - pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) - FMA:7134 - - - - - pars muscularis septi interventricularis - FMA:7134 - FMA:TA - - - - - - septum membranaceum - - - - - - muscular interventricular septum - MA:0002940 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + dph + 2010-07-14T08:40:26Z + biological_process + GO:0061183 + regulation of dermatome development + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. - - - BAMS:RA - EMAPA:35721 - FMA:84017 - MA:0003147 - MESH:D011903 - NCIT:C97335 - NLXANAT:20090205 - TAO:0001429 - UMLS:C0034671 - ZFA:0001429 - neuronames:2495 - nuclei raphes - raphe nuclei - raphe nuclei set - uberon - nuclei raphes - raphe cluster - raphe nucleus - raphe of mesenchephalon - set of raphe nuclei - UBERON:0004684 - - we treat NR obscurus, NR magnus etc as parts of the raphe nuclei. This is consistent with treatment in FMA, where the class is 'set of raphe nuclei' - raphe nuclei - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + dph + 2010-07-14T08:42:03Z + biological_process + GO:0061184 + positive regulation of dermatome development - - - - - - - - - GO - Wikipedia + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + dph + 2010-07-14T08:43:08Z + biological_process + GO:0061185 + negative regulation of dermatome development + - + - The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. - - NLXANAT:20090205 - - - - - UMLS:C0034671 - ncithesaurus:Raphe_Nuclei - - - - - nuclei raphes - FMA:84017 - FMA:TA - - - - - - raphe nuclei - FMA:84017 - - - - - raphe nuclei - NLXANAT:20090205 - - - - - raphe nuclei set - FMA:84017 - - - - - nuclei raphes - - - - - - - raphe cluster - - - - - - raphe nucleus - ZFA:0001429 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + dph + 2010-07-14T09:17:23Z + biological_process + GO:0061189 + positive regulation of sclerotome development + - - - raphe of mesenchephalon - BAMS:RA + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + dph + 2010-07-14T09:19:47Z + biological_process + GO:0061190 + regulation of sclerotome development + - - - set of raphe nuclei - FMA:84017 + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - EMAPA:37496 - FMA:10636 - MA:0001939 - costocervical trunk - trunk of costocervical artery - uberon - truncus costocervicalis - UBERON:0004688 - - costo-cervical trunk - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2010-09-06T03:27:06Z + retinal vasculature development + biological_process + GO:0061298 + retina vasculature development in camera-type eye - + - The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. - - - - - - EMAPA:37496 - MA:th - - - - - costocervical trunk - FMA:10636 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph - + - trunk of costocervical artery - FMA:10636 - - - - - truncus costocervicalis - - + retinal vasculature development + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36503 - MA:0000704 - uberon - UBERON:0004695 - arterial system smooth muscle + + + + + + + The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. + dph + 2010-09-06T03:28:25Z + retinal vasculature morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0061299 + retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + + + + + retinal vasculature morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36613 - MA:0000715 - uberon - UBERON:0004696 - venous system smooth muscle + The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye. + dph + 2010-09-14T02:09:08Z + biological_process + GO:0061303 + cornea development in camera-type eye - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37800 - MA:0000713 - NCIT:C49318 - UMLS:C1710623 - uberon - UBERON:0004698 - vena cava endothelium + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2010-09-16T09:02:59Z + biological_process + GO:0061304 + retinal blood vessel morphogenesis - + - An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37800 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1710623 - ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava_Endothelium + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph - + - + - + - + - + + - + - An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] - MA:0000490 - VHOG:0001524 - uberon - UBERON:0004699 - outflow tract endothelium + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches. + dph + 2010-09-23T08:50:56Z + biological_process + GO:0061307 + cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development - + - An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001524 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1254/jjp.87.253 Shigei T, Tsuru H, Ishikawa N, Yoshioka K, Absence of endothelium in invertebrate blood vessels: significance of endothelium and sympathetic nerve/medial smooth muscle in the vertebrate vascular system. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (2001) + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart + PMID:19705442 - + - + - + - + - + - + - An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35145 - MA:0000703 - NCIT:C49329 - UMLS:C1706849 - uberon - UBERON:0004700 - arterial system endothelium + + + + + + + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart. + dph + 2010-09-23T09:01:49Z + biological_process + GO:0061308 + cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development - + - An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1706849 - ncithesaurus:Arterial_System_Endothelium + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - + - + - + - An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35907 - MA:0000714 - NCIT:C49320 - UMLS:C1710626 - uberon - UBERON:0004701 - venous system endothelium + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. + dph + 2010-09-23T09:08:37Z + biological_process + GO:0061309 + cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - + - An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1710626 - ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Endothelium + The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - + - + - A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:35732 - MA:0001805 - uberon - UBERON:0004702 - respiratory system blood vessel endothelium + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + dph + 2010-09-28T09:05:26Z + biological_process + GO:0061323 + cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis - + - A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. - TODO - check relationship to bulbus arteriosus - A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] - - - - EHDAA2:0000197 - EHDAA:438 - EHDAA:768 - EMAPA:16333 - FMA:70300 - NCIT:C34114 - UMLS:C1284055 - primitive right ventricle endocardium - uberon - UBERON:0004706 - - - bulbus cordis - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gray466.png + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. + dph + 2010-09-28T09:29:30Z + biological_process + GO:0061325 + cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - + - A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010568 - - - - - A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000173 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles. + dph + 2010-09-29T08:46:05Z + biological_process + GO:0061337 + cardiac conduction + - - - UMLS:C1284055 - ncithesaurus:Bulbus_Cordis + + + Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell. + dph + 2010-10-01T11:06:04Z + biological_process + GO:0061351 + neural precursor cell proliferation + - - - primitive right ventricle endocardium - EHDAA2:0000197 + + + The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + dph + 2010-12-02T08:51:45Z + biological_process + GO:0061383 + trabecula morphogenesis + + + + + The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + dph + 2010-12-02T08:54:20Z + biological_process + GO:0061384 + heart trabecula morphogenesis + + + + + The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + dph + 2011-02-10T01:41:59Z + biological_process + GO:0061385 + fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. - this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. - UBERON:0009872 - VSAO:0000067 - girdle-associated appendage - limb or fin - limb/fin - pectoral or pelvic appendage - pelvic/pectoral appendage - jointed paired lateral appendage - paired appendage - uberon - UBERON:0004708 - - paired limb/fin + The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2012-03-22T12:53:41Z + biological_process + GO:0061448 + connective tissue development - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - VSAO + + + The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:BHF - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - definitional - + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction. + dph + 2012-07-20T08:20:50Z + biological_process + ICC differentiation + GO:0061453 + interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation + - + - An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. - - UBERON:cjm - - - - - girdle-associated appendage - - - - - - limb or fin - - - - - - limb/fin - - - - - - pectoral or pelvic appendage - - - - - - pelvic/pectoral appendage - - - - - - jointed paired lateral appendage - + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction. + GOC:dph - - - paired appendage - VSAO:0000067 + + + ICC differentiation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. + dph + 2012-08-22T17:47:53Z + biological_process + GO:0061458 + reproductive system development + + + + + The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + dph + 2012-11-01T13:16:23Z + biological_process + GO:0061469 + regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. - UBERON:0009876 - posterior appendage - VSAO:0000126 - hindlimb/pelvic fin - pelvic appendage - pelvic limb/fin - posterior limb/fin - posterior paired appendage - uberon - UBERON:0004709 - - pelvic appendage + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells. + dph + 2012-12-04T09:41:02Z + biological_process + GO:0061484 + hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - - - - lexical - - - + - Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. - VSAO:0000150 - - - - - hindlimb/pelvic fin - - - - - - pelvic appendage - VSAO:0000126 - - - - - pelvic limb/fin - - - - - - posterior paired appendage - VSAO:0000126 + Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells. + GOC:dph + PMID:21508411 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. - While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] - UBERON:0009875 - anterior appendage - VHOG:0001753 - VSAO:0000125 - anterior limb/fin - anterior paired appendage - forelimb - pectoral fin - forelimb or pectoral fin - forelimb/pectoral fin - pectoral limb/fin - uberon - UBERON:0004710 - - pectoral appendage - - - - - + - - + + + + + + - - definitional - - - - - - lexical - - - - - Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. - VSAO:0000150-modified - - - - - While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001753 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC, Shubin NH, Force A, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004) - - - - - anterior limb/fin - - - - - - anterior paired appendage - VSAO:0000148 - - - - - forelimb - pectoral fin - VHOG:0001753 - - - - - forelimb or pectoral fin - - - - - - forelimb/pectoral fin - - - - - - pectoral limb/fin - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. - - - - BTO:0001744 - CALOHA:TS-0497 - EMAPA:18638 - GAID:536 - MA:0002154 - MESH:D007601 - NCIT:C12738 - UMLS:C0022427 - uberon - jugular - vena jugularis - UBERON:0004711 - jugular vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png - - - - - The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. - - - - - - UMLS:C0022427 - ncithesaurus:Jugular_Vein - - - - - vena jugularis - BTO:0001744 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. - EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus - - - AEO:0000194 - BTO:0003834 - EHDAA2:0000001 - EHDAA2:0003235 - EMAPA:36040 - NCIT:C34131 - UMLS:C1516779 - embryo plus adnexa - uberon - UBERON:0004716 - conceptus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. + + + + + + + dph + 2013-03-22T15:41:44Z + biological_process + GO:0061512 + protein localization to cilium - + - The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. - - BTO:0003834 - - - - - UMLS:C1516779 - ncithesaurus:Conceptus + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - WBls:0000023 - uberon - UBERON:0004729 - nematode larval stage - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/567 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2013-04-18T13:03:16Z + biological_process + GO:0061515 + myeloid cell development - + - Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. - GO:0002119 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). - We take the definition of neuromere from Puelles et al, although the existence of mesomeres and prosomeres may not be widely accepted - A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] - - 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z - - NLX:147842 - TAO:0001328 - ZFA:0001328 - neural tube metameric segment - neural tube segment - neuromere - neuromeres - uberon - neural metamere - neural segment - UBERON:0004731 - - neuromere + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium. + dph + 2013-04-18T14:59:59Z + cilium resorption + biological_process + GO:0061523 + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. + cilium disassembly - + - A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). - - - - - - - A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001328 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - neural tube metameric segment - + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium. + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + PMID:17604723 + PMID:27350441 - + - neuromeres - TAO:0001328 - + cilium resorption + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. - revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) - uberon - neuromere - UBERON:0004732 - - segmental subdivision of nervous system + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut. + dph + 2013-06-14T11:22:21Z + biological_process + GO:0061525 + hindgut development - + - Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. - - FBbt:00005140 - - - - - neuromere - FBbt:00005140 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:61998 - hindbrain segment - segment of hindbrain - uberon - UBERON:0004733 - - segmental subdivision of hindbrain + The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. + dph + 2013-06-21T15:40:39Z + biological_process + GO:0061526 + acetylcholine secretion - + - An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter. + dph + 2013-06-21T16:05:08Z + noradrenaline secretion, neurotransmission + biological_process + GO:0061533 + norepinephrine secretion, neurotransmission + - - - hindbrain segment - FMA:61998 + + + The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter. + GOC:dph - + - segment of hindbrain - FMA:61998 + noradrenaline secretion, neurotransmission + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - + + - Organism at the gastrula stage. - We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here - UBERON:0007012 - - - - - BILA:0000060 - BTO:0001403 - FBbt:00005317 - FMA:293108 - GAID:1302 - MESH:D005775 - MIAA:0000179 - NCIT:C34057 - NCIT:C34058 - UMLS:C0017199 - UMLS:C1284022 - gastrula embryo - uberon - blastocystis trilaminaris - tri-laminar disc - tri-laminar disk - trilaminar blastocyst - trilaminar blastoderm - trilaminar disc - trilaminar disk - trilaminar germ - UBERON:0004734 - - gastrula + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:36:12Z + gangliogenesis + biological_process + ganglia development + GO:0061548 + ganglion development - + - Organism at the gastrula stage. - - - - - - - We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here - NCIT - - - - - UMLS:C0017199 - ncithesaurus:Gastrula - - - - - UMLS:C1284022 - ncithesaurus:Trilaminar_Embryonic_Disc - - - - - gastrula embryo - BILA:0000060 - - - - - blastocystis trilaminaris - - - - - - tri-laminar disc - - - - - - tri-laminar disk - - - - - - trilaminar blastocyst - - - - - - trilaminar blastoderm - - - - - - trilaminar disc - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - - - trilaminar disk - + + + gangliogenesis + GOC:BHF + GOC:rl - + - trilaminar germ - + ganglia development + GOC:dph - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. - A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] - - EMAPA:37744 - MA:0003047 - VSAO:0000015 - XAO:0004038 - ZFA:0005619 - uberon - UBERON:0004755 - Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from - skeletal tissue + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:38:01Z + biological_process + sympathetic ganglia development + GO:0061549 + sympathetic ganglion development - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000015 - VSAO - - - + - A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000015 - - - - - A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000015 - taken from version of VSAO used in TAO and used directly in Uberon - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:BHF + GOC:rl - - - EMAPA:37744 - MA:th + + + sympathetic ganglia development + GOC:dph - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - - + + - Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. - dermal element - uberon - UBERON:0004756 - dermal skeletal element + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:40:14Z + biological_process + cranial ganglia development + GO:0061550 + cranial ganglion development - + - Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. - - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - - - dermal element - VSAO:curator + + + cranial ganglia development + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - - - - - EMAPA:27221 - EMAPA:27233 - EMAPA:27543 - FMA:15720 - FMA:15724 - NCIT:C32068 - UMLS:C0162322 - gland of anal canal - uberon - anal gland - anal sac - gland of anus - rectal gland - UBERON:0004760 - - - gland of anal canal + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:42:19Z + biological_process + trigeminal ganglia development + GO:0061551 + trigeminal ganglion development - + - A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. - - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0162322 - ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland - - - - - gland of anal canal - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dph - + - anal sac - - + trigeminal ganglia development + GOC:dph - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. - in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) - - - - AAO:0000094 - AAO:0010153 - EHDAA:6031 - FMA:76621 - NCIT:C34121 - UMLS:C1516496 - XAO:0003059 - cartilaginous chondocranium - cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull - uberon - cartilaginous skull - chondocranium - embryonic chondocranium - neurocranium - UBERON:0004761 - cartilaginous neurocranium + The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:44:57Z + biological_process + ganglia morphogenesis + GO:0061552 + ganglion morphogenesis - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - PMC1571569 - - - + - The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. - - - - - - in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C1516496 - ncithesaurus:Chondrocranium - - - - - chondocranium - + The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized. + GOC:dph - + - neurocranium - + ganglia morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. - note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes) - - MA:0002837 - uberon - UBERON:0004764 - intramembranous bone tissue + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:45:59Z + biological_process + ganglia maturation + GO:0061553 + ganglion maturation - + - Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. - - GO:0001957 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph - - - note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes) - MA + + + ganglia maturation + GOC:dph - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. - Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] - Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] - AAO:0011129 - TAO:0001890 - VSAO:0000128 - XAO:0004012 - ZFA:0005494 - galen:SkeletalStructure - uberon - UBERON:0004765 - - - skeletal element - - - - - + - - + + - - VSAO - + + The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:51:50Z + biological_process + ganglia formation + GO:0061554 + ganglion formation + - + - Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. - - - - - - Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000128 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 + The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dph - - - Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001890 - TAO - TAO:VSAO_workshop + + + ganglia formation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A bone that is part of a cranium. - here cranium = skull - mandible - - cranium bone - uberon - UBERON:0004766 - cranial bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:57:12Z + biological_process + trigeminal ganglia morphogenesis + GO:0061556 + trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis - + - A bone that is part of a cranium. - UBERON:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized. + GOC:dph - - - cranium bone - UBERON:automatic + + + trigeminal ganglia morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. - Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified - lower jaw bone - uberon - UBERON:0004768 - - bone of lower jaw + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:58:24Z + biological_process + trigeminal ganglia maturation + GO:0061557 + trigeminal ganglion maturation - - - - - - - - - + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph - - - Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. - + + + trigeminal ganglia maturation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. - - EMAPA:35150 - FMA:23878 - MA:0003007 - VSAO:0000181 - joint system - set of all joints of body - uberon - set of all joints - set of joints of body - UBERON:0004770 - articular system + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + dph + 2013-07-10T08:59:52Z + biological_process + cranial ganglia maturation + GO:0061558 + cranial ganglion maturation - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. - VSAO:0000181 - - - - - joint system - FMA:23878 - - - - - set of all joints of body - FMA:23878 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph - + - set of joints of body - FMA:23878 + cranial ganglia maturation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - + - A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37578 - MA:0001822 - apparatus respiratorius submucosa - submucosa of apparatus respiratorius - submucosa of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0004777 - respiratory system submucosa + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized. + dph + 2013-07-10T09:02:15Z + biological_process + cranial ganglia morphogenesis + GO:0061559 + cranial ganglion morphogenesis - + - A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37578 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius submucosa - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized. + GOC:dph - - - submucosa of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + + + cranial ganglia morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37576 - MA:0001821 - apparatus respiratorius lamina propria - apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa - lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius - lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system - lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius - lamina propria of respiratory system - respiratory system lamina propria mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004779 - respiratory system lamina propria + The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + dph + 2013-07-10T09:07:27Z + biological_process + cranial ganglia formation + GO:0061560 + cranial ganglion formation - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37576 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius lamina propria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dph - - - respiratory system lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + cranial ganglia formation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. - - MA:0001899 - NCIT:C49299 - UMLS:C1708197 - uberon - UBERON:0004780 - gastrointestinal system lamina propria + The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + dph + 2013-07-10T09:08:13Z + biological_process + trigeminal ganglia formation + GO:0061561 + trigeminal ganglion formation - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. - OBOL:automatic + The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:dph - - - UMLS:C1708197 - ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract_Lamina_Propria + + + trigeminal ganglia formation + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35371 - FMA:278594 - MA:0001633 - NCIT:C49228 - UMLS:C1708175 - gall bladder lamina propria - gall bladder lamina propria mucosa - gallbladder lamina propria mucosa - lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder - lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder - lamina propria of gall bladder - lamina propria of gallbladder - uberon - biliary lamina propria - UBERON:0004781 - gallbladder lamina propria + A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle. + dph + 2013-08-02T11:24:11Z + biological_process + actin filament cable organization + GO:0061572 + actin filament bundle organization - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1708175 - ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Lamina_Propria - - - - - gall bladder lamina propria - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder lamina propria mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic + A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle. + GOC:dph - - - lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lamina propria of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - + - biliary lamina propria - MA:0001633 + actin filament cable organization + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37592 - MA:0001522 - digestive system serosa - digestive system serous membrane - gastrointestinal system serous membrane - serosa of digestive system - serosa of gastrointestinal system - serous membrane of digestive system - serous membrane of gastrointestinal system - uberon - UBERON:0004782 - gastrointestinal system serosa + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery. + dph + 2014-05-09T15:34:06Z + aortic arch artery morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:0061626 + pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis - + - A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37592 - MA:th - - - - - digestive system serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive system serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastrointestinal system serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of digestive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of digestive system - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery. + GOC:BHF + GOC:dph + PMID:20122914 - - - serous membrane of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic + + + aortic arch artery morphogenesis + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35372 - FMA:14659 - MA:0001634 - gall bladder serosa - gall bladder serous membrane - gallbladder serous membrane - serosa of gall bladder - serosa of gallbladder - serous coat of gallbladder - serous membrane of gall bladder - serous membrane of gallbladder - tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) - tunica serosa vesicae biliaris - uberon - biliary serosa - UBERON:0004783 - gallbladder serosa + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds. + dph + 2015-03-09T09:16:23Z + biological_process + GO:0061687 + detoxification of inorganic compound - + - A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder serosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder serous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serosa of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous coat of gallbladder - FMA:14659 - - - - - serous membrane of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - serous membrane of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) - FMA:14659 - - - - - tunica serosa vesicae biliaris - FMA:14659 - FMA:TA - - - - - - biliary serosa - MA:0001634 + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:13884 - MA:0002791 - NCIT:C119295 - anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle - anatomical wall of heart ventricle - anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart - anatomical wall of ventricle of heart - cardiac ventricle anatomical wall - cardiac ventricle wall - heart ventricle anatomical wall - lower chamber of heart anatomical wall - lower chamber of heart wall - ventricle of heart anatomical wall - ventricle of heart wall - ventricular wall - wall of cardiac ventricle - wall of heart ventricle - wall of lower chamber of heart - wall of ventricle of heart - uberon - wall of ventricle - UBERON:0004784 - - heart ventricle wall + A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). + dph + 2015-05-06T11:22:38Z + cellular_component + GO:0061695 + transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups - + - An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of heart ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anatomical wall of ventricle of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac ventricle anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cardiac ventricle wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - heart ventricle anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower chamber of heart anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower chamber of heart wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventricle of heart anatomical wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventricle of heart wall - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ventricular wall - FMA:13884 - - - - - wall of cardiac ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of heart ventricle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of lower chamber of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of ventricle of heart - OBOL:automatic - - - - - wall of ventricle - MA:0002791 + A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). + GOC:bhm + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. - TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa - BTO:0000973 - EMAPA:18334 - EMAPA:37577 - FMA:302092 - GAID:304 - MA:0001827 - MESH:D020545 - apparatus respiratorius mucosa - apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ - apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane - mucosa of apparatus respiratorius - mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius - mucosa of organ of respiratory system - mucosa of respiratory system - mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius - mucous membrane of respiratory system - respiratory system mucosa of organ - respiratory system mucous membrane - uberon - laryngeal mucous membrane - respiratory mucosa - respiratory tract mucosa - UBERON:0004785 - - respiratory system mucosa + Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodeling. + dph + 2016-09-09T13:24:34Z + biological_process + GO:0061792 + secretory granule maturation - + - The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. - MESH:A04.760 - MGI:cwg - MP:0002277 - - - - - EMAPA:37577 - MA:th - - - - - apparatus respiratorius mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - laryngeal mucous membrane - EMAPA:18334 - - - - - respiratory mucosa - BTO:0000973 + Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodeling. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + GOC:dph + PMID:16618809 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within the somatodendritic compartment. + dph + 2017-09-08T13:22:26Z + somatodendritic protein localization + biological_process + GO:0061938 + protein localization to somatodendritic compartment + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within the somatodendritic compartment. + PMID:18341993 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane. + dph + 2017-10-26T12:55:15Z + biological_process + GO:0061951 + establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane + + + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane. + GOC:dph + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone. + dph + 2018-02-12T18:10:59Z + biological_process + GO:0061971 + replacement bone morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone. + PMID:29852585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized. + dph + 2018-02-12T18:16:21Z + biological_process + GO:0061972 + dermal bone morphogenesis + + + + + The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized. + PMID:12588850 + PMID:15003632 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. - - BTO:0000546 - BTO:0005568 - EMAPA:36591 - MA:0001521 - digestive tract mucosa - gut mucosa - gut mucuous membrane - mucosa of gut - uberon - UBERON:0004786 - The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 - gastrointestinal system mucosa + The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized. + dph + 2018-02-12T18:21:09Z + biological_process + GO:0061973 + membrane bone morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BTO-modified - - - + - A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive tract mucosa - - - - - - gut mucosa - BTO:0000546 - - - - - gut mucuous membrane - - - - - - mucosa of gut - + The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized. + PMID:14579374 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A mucous gland that is part of the skin. - See comments for 'skin mucus' - EMAPA:35775 - MA:0000148 - mucous gland of entire skin - mucous gland of skin of body - skin mucus gland - skin of body mucous gland - uberon - UBERON:0004790 - - skin mucous gland + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + dph + 2018-03-19T14:11:54Z + regulation of small molecule metabolism + biological_process + GO:0062012 + regulation of small molecule metabolic process - + - A mucous gland that is part of the skin. - - - - - - mucous gland of entire skin - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous gland of skin of body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin mucus gland - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin of body mucous gland - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - - MA:0002517 - NCIT:C33255 - UMLS:C1518866 - endocrine pancreas secretion - pancreatic endocrine secretion - pars endocrina pancreatis secretion - secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis - uberon - UBERON:0004792 - secretion of endocrine pancreas + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + dph + 2018-03-19T14:25:10Z + positive regulation of small molecule metabolism + biological_process + GO:0062013 + positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process - + - A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1518866 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion - - - - - endocrine pancreas secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pancreatic endocrine secretion - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion - - - - - pars endocrina pancreatis secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - - MA:0002518 - NCIT:C33256 - UMLS:C1518867 - exocrine pancreas secretion - pancreatic exocrine secretion - pars exocrina pancreatis secretion - secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis - uberon - UBERON:0004793 - secretion of exocrine pancreas + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + dph + 2018-03-19T14:27:23Z + negative regulation of small molecule metabolism + biological_process + GO:0062014 + negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process - + - A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1518867 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion - - - - - exocrine pancreas secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pancreatic exocrine secretion - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion - - - - - pars exocrina pancreatis secretion - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. + GOC:vw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. + dph + 2018-04-13T12:47:21Z + cellular_component + GO:0062023 + collagen-containing extracellular matrix + - - - secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis - OBOL:automatic + + + An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. + GOC:BHF + GOC:rph + PMID:21123617 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - - FMA:79662 - MA:0002514 - NCIT:C52555 - UMLS:C0227179 - esophageal secretion - gullet secretion - oesophagus secretion - secretion of esophagus - secretion of gullet - secretion of oesophagus - uberon - UBERON:0004794 - esophagus secretion + Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + dph + 2018-04-23T14:32:23Z + biological_process + GO:0062033 + positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation - + - A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0227179 - ncithesaurus:Esophagus_Secretion - - - - - esophageal secretion - FMA:79662 - - - - - gullet secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - oesophagus secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - secretion of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - secretion of gullet - OBOL:automatic - - - - - secretion of oesophagus - OBOL:automatic + Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. + PMID:12773390 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - - MA:0002516 - NCIT:C13270 - UMLS:C0030296 - pancreatic secretion - secretion of pancreas - uberon - UBERON:0004795 - pancreas secretion + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. + dph + 2018-11-20T18:15:45Z + biological_process + GO:0062094 + stomach development - + - A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0030296 - ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Secretion - - - - - pancreatic secretion - OBOL:automatic - - - - - secretion of pancreas - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. + PMID:11967278 - + - + - + - + - - + - + + The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + dph + 2019-09-13T13:48:47Z + biological_process + GO:0062149 + detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain + + + + + The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. + PMID:19837031 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. - EMAPA:36296 - MA:0002854 - uberon - UBERON:0004797 - blood vessel layer - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Blood_vessels.svg + Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. + dph + 2020-04-20T13:58:43Z + biological_process + GO:0062237 + protein localization to postsynapse - + - Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. - + Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. + PMID:31189538 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. - - BTO:0000419 - CALOHA:TS-0023 - EMAPA:32827 - MA:0001480 - VHOG:0000981 - epithelial tissue of respiratory tract - epithelium of respiratory tract - respiratory tract epithelial tissue - uberon - airway epithelium - respiratory epithelium - UBERON:0004802 - - respiratory tract epithelium + The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + intracellular membrane translocation of a protein + intracellular protein membrane transport + intracellular protein transport across a membrane + biological_process + GO:0065002 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + intracellular protein transmembrane transport - + - The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MGI:anna - MP:0010942 - - - - - epithelial tissue of respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory tract epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - airway epithelium - BTO:0000419 - - - - - respiratory epithelium - BTO:0000419 + The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - CALOHA:TS-0023 - EMAPA:32826 - MA:0001823 - VHOG:0000981 - apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue - apparatus respiratorius epithelium - epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius - epithelial tissue of respiratory system - epithelium of apparatus respiratorius - epithelium of respiratory system - respiratory system epithelial tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004807 - - respiratory system epithelium + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 + GO:0006461 + GO:0034622 + GO:0043623 + cellular protein complex assembly + biological_process + cellular macromolecule complex assembly + cellular protein-containing complex assembly + chaperone activity + macromolecular complex assembly + macromolecule complex assembly + protein complex assembly + protein complex formation + GO:0065003 + + + + + + + + protein-containing complex assembly - + - An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - apparatus respiratorius epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory system epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:32683 - MA:0001520 - digestive system epithelial tissue - digestive system epithelium - epithelial tissue of digestive system - epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system - epithelium of digestive system - epithelium of gastrointestinal system - gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004808 - gastrointestinal system epithelium + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. + DNA-protein complex assembly + biological_process + GO:0065004 + protein-DNA complex assembly - + - An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive system epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive system epithelium - OBOL:automatic + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. + GOC:jl - - - epithelial tissue of digestive system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of digestive system - OBOL:automatic - - - + - epithelium of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic + DNA-protein complex assembly + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. + regulation + biological_process + GO:0065007 + + + biological regulation + - - - gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:mah + GOC:pr + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37549 - MA:0001481 - epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract - epithelium of lower respiratory tract - lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004815 - lower respiratory tract epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + regulation of a molecular function + biological_process + GO:0065009 + + + + regulation of molecular function - + - An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37549 - MA:th - - - - - epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of lower respiratory tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - + - - - + + - - - - - - - + - Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. - The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium. - - BTO:0000417 - MA:0001629 - NCIT:C43616 - UMLS:C1711208 - biliary duct epithelium - epithelium of bile duct - epithelium of biliary duct - uberon - UBERON:0004820 - - bile duct epithelium + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. + extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle + cellular_component + GO:0065010 + extracellular membrane-bounded organelle - + - Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. - - - - - - The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium. - BTO:0000417 - - - - - UMLS:C1711208 - ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct_Epithelium - - - - - biliary duct epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of biliary duct - OBOL:automatic + Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. + GOC:isa_complete - + - + - + - + - + - + - An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - - EHDAA2:0000742 - EHDAA:3051 - MA:0002661 - NCIT:C43618 - UMLS:C1711347 - epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct - epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct - extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004822 - extrahepatic bile duct epithelium + An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. + cellular_component + GO:0070013 + intracellular organelle lumen - + - An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1711347 - ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium - - - - - epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - - EHDAA2:0000743 - EHDAA:3053 - MA:0002662 - NCIT:C43617 - UMLS:C1708552 - epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct - epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct - intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue - uberon - UBERON:0004823 - intrahepatic bile duct epithelium + The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24218 + neuron maintenance + biological_process + GO:0070050 + neuron cellular homeostasis - + - An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1708552 - ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium + The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. + exosome + extracellular vesicular exosome + cellular_component + GO:0070062 + extracellular exosome + - - - epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct - OBOL:automatic + + + A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:vesicles + PMID:15908444 + PMID:17641064 + PMID:19442504 + PMID:19498381 + PMID:22418571 + PMID:24009894 - + - epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct - OBOL:automatic + exosome + GOC:pr - + - intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue - OBOL:automatic + extracellular vesicular exosome + GOC:vesicles - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37583 - MA:0001829 - respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius - skeletal muscle of respiratory system - skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius - skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0004830 - respiratory system skeletal muscle + The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). + biological_process + GO:0070091 + glucagon secretion - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37583 - MA:th - - - - - respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). + GOC:BHF + GOC:rl - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36523 - MA:0001572 - esophagus skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle of esophagus - uberon - UBERON:0004831 - Most muscle tissue lining the digestive tract is smooth, but part of the externa of the esophagus is skeletal - esophagus skeletal muscle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + biological_process + GO:0070092 + regulation of glucagon secretion - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - esophagus skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of esophagus - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37393 - MA:0001530 - anal part of perineum skeletal muscle - anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue - anal region skeletal muscle tissue - anal triangle skeletal muscle - anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum - skeletal muscle of anal region - skeletal muscle of anal triangle - skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum - skeletal muscle tissue of anal region - skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle - uberon - UBERON:0004832 - anal region skeletal muscle + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + down regulation of glucagon secretion + down-regulation of glucagon secretion + downregulation of glucagon secretion + inhibition of glucagon secretion + biological_process + GO:0070093 + negative regulation of glucagon secretion - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37393 - MA:th - - - - - anal part of perineum skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal region skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of anal region - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + up regulation of glucagon secretion + up-regulation of glucagon secretion + upregulation of glucagon secretion + activation of glucagon secretion + stimulation of glucagon secretion + biological_process + GO:0070094 + positive regulation of glucagon secretion + - - - skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. + anchoring cell junction + cellular_component + GO:0070161 + anchoring junction + - - - skeletal muscle tissue of anal region - OBOL:automatic + + + A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. + ISBN:0815332181 - + - skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle - OBOL:automatic + anchoring cell junction + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. - this class is derived from MA. Consider re-modeling this as being a muscle that acts on the lips. See: Wikipedia:Lip#Muscles_acting_on_the_lips - EMAPA:37642 - MA:0001578 - lip skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle of lip - skeletal muscle tissue of lip - uberon - UBERON:0004833 - lip skeletal muscle + A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. + chromosome organisation involved in meiosis + meiotic chromosome organization + biological_process + GO:0070192 + chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle - + - A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37642 - MA:th - - - - - lip skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:mah - + - skeletal muscle of lip - OBOL:automatic + chromosome organisation involved in meiosis + GOC:mah - + - skeletal muscle tissue of lip - OBOL:automatic + meiotic chromosome organization + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. - EMAPA:37598 - MA:0001640 - uberon - UBERON:0004834 - hepatic duct smooth muscle + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. + establishment of protein localisation to chromosome + biological_process + GO:0070199 + establishment of protein localization to chromosome - + - Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. - + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - EMAPA:37598 - MA:th + + + establishment of protein localisation to chromosome + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37566 - MA:0001801 - apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium - apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery - arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - arterial endothelium of respiratory system - artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - artery endothelium of respiratory system - endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius - endothelium of artery of respiratory system - respiratory system artery endothelium - respiratory system endothelium of artery - uberon - UBERON:0004848 - - respiratory system arterial endothelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. + regulation of establishment of protein localisation + biological_process + GO:0070201 + regulation of establishment of protein localization - - - - - - - - - true - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - + + + regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. + regulation of establishment of protein localisation to chromosome + biological_process + GO:0070202 + regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome + - + - An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37566 - MA:th + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium - OBOL:automatic - - - + - apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium - OBOL:automatic + regulation of establishment of protein localisation to chromosome + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + biological_process + GO:0070253 + somatostatin secretion + - - - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery - OBOL:automatic + + + The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. + mucus production + biological_process + GO:0070254 + mucus secretion + - - - arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + + + The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. + GOC:add + ISBN:068340007X + ISBN:0721662544 - + - arterial endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + mucus production + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + regulation of mucus production + biological_process + GO:0070255 + regulation of mucus secretion + - - - artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:add - + - artery endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + regulation of mucus production + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + negative regulation of mucus production + biological_process + GO:0070256 + negative regulation of mucus secretion + - - - endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:add - + - endothelium of artery of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of mucus production + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + positive regulation of mucus production + biological_process + GO:0070257 + positive regulation of mucus secretion + - - - respiratory system artery endothelium - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:add - + - respiratory system endothelium of artery - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of mucus production + GOC:add - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate. + biological_process + GO:0070285 + pigment cell development + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate. + GOC:cvs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:37585 - MA:0001811 - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein - apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium - apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium - endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius - endothelium of vein of respiratory system - respiratory system endothelium of vein - respiratory system vein endothelium - vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - vein endothelium of respiratory system - venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - venous endothelium of respiratory system - uberon - UBERON:0004849 - - respiratory system venous endothelium + The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. + adipocyte proliferation + adipose cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070341 + fat cell proliferation - - - - - - - - - - - - + - An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - - - EMAPA:37585 - MA:th + + + adipocyte proliferation + GOC:sl - + - apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein - OBOL:automatic + adipose cell proliferation + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + regulation of adipocyte proliferation + regulation of adipose cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070344 + regulation of fat cell proliferation + - - - apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - + - apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium - OBOL:automatic + regulation of adipocyte proliferation + GOC:sl - + - endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + regulation of adipose cell proliferation + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + down regulation of fat cell proliferation + down-regulation of fat cell proliferation + downregulation of fat cell proliferation + negative regulation of adipocyte proliferation + negative regulation of adipose cell proliferation + inhibition of fat cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070345 + negative regulation of fat cell proliferation + - - - endothelium of vein of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - + - respiratory system endothelium of vein - OBOL:automatic + down regulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - respiratory system vein endothelium - OBOL:automatic + down-regulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + downregulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - vein endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of adipocyte proliferation + GOC:sl - + - venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of adipose cell proliferation + GOC:sl - - - venous endothelium of respiratory system - OBOL:automatic + + + inhibition of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. - - BTO:0000394 - CALOHA:TS-0047 - EFO:0002597 - EMAPA:35134 - MA:0000701 - NCIT:C49190 - UMLS:C1706824 - adult aorta endothelium - endothelium of adult aorta - endothelium of aorta - endothelium of trunk of aortic tree - endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree - trunk of aortic tree endothelium - trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium - uberon - aortic endothelium - UBERON:0004851 - - - aorta endothelium + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + positive regulation of adipocyte proliferation + positive regulation of adipose cell proliferation + up regulation of fat cell proliferation + up-regulation of fat cell proliferation + upregulation of fat cell proliferation + activation of fat cell proliferation + stimulation of fat cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070346 + positive regulation of fat cell proliferation - + - The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. - MGI:csmith - MP:0009864 - - - - - UMLS:C1706824 - ncithesaurus:Aorta_Endothelium - - - - - adult aorta endothelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - + - endothelium of adult aorta - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of adipocyte proliferation + GOC:sl - + - endothelium of aorta - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of adipose cell proliferation + GOC:sl - + - endothelium of trunk of aortic tree - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree - OBOL:automatic + up-regulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - trunk of aortic tree endothelium - OBOL:automatic + upregulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - - - trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium - OBOL:automatic + + + activation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - - - aortic endothelium - BTO:0000394 + + + stimulation of fat cell proliferation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. - consider merging with 'endothelium' - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - - BTO:0001853 - EMAPA:35201 - GAID:519 - MA:0000717 - MESH:D004730 - NCIT:C13053 - TAO:0002171 - UMLS:C0014261 - VHOG:0001217 - XAO:0000356 - ZFA:0001639 - uberon - endothelia - vascular endothelia - UBERON:0004852 - - cardiovascular system endothelium + + + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. + liver cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0070365 + hepatocyte differentiation - + - An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. - - - - - - Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001217 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. + CL:0000182 + PMID:7588884 - - - UMLS:C0014261 - ncithesaurus:Vascular_Endothelium + + + liver cell differentiation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + regulation of liver cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:0070366 + regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + - - - endothelia - ZFA:0001639 - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - - - vascular endothelia - XAO:0000356 - + + + regulation of liver cell differentiation + GOC:sl - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:37068 - MA:0001900 - digestive system mesentery - mesentery of digestive system - mesentery of gastrointestinal system - uberon - UBERON:0004854 - - gastrointestinal system mesentery + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + down regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + down-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + downregulation of hepatocyte differentiation + negative regulation of liver cell differentiation + inhibition of hepatocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0070367 + negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation - + - A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - - - EMAPA:37068 - MA:th + + + down regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - digestive system mesentery - OBOL:automatic + down-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - mesentery of digestive system - OBOL:automatic + downregulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - mesentery of gastrointestinal system - OBOL:automatic + negative regulation of liver cell differentiation + GOC:sl + + + + + inhibition of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. - EMAPA:37743 - MA:0002868 - connective tissue of skeletal muscle - connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue - portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle - portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue - skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue - skeletal muscle textus connectivus - skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue - skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue - skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus - textus connectivus of skeletal muscle - textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue - uberon - skeletal muscle interstitial tissue - skeletal muscle interstitum - UBERON:0004857 - skeletal muscle connective tissue + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + positive regulation of liver cell differentiation + up regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + up-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + upregulation of hepatocyte differentiation + activation of hepatocyte differentiation + stimulation of hepatocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:0070368 + positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation - + - A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37743 - MA:th + Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. + GOC:mah + GOC:sl - + - connective tissue of skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + positive regulation of liver cell differentiation + GOC:sl - + - connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + up-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - + - portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic + upregulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - - - skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + activation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah - - - skeletal muscle textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic + + + stimulation of hepatocyte differentiation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis. + exocytic constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle + exocytotic vesicle + cellular_component + GO:0070382 + exocytic vesicle + - - - skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + + + A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis. + GOC:kad + GOC:mah - + - skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue - OBOL:automatic + exocytotic vesicle + GOC:kad + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. + biological_process + GO:0070482 + response to oxygen levels + - - - skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. + detection of reduced oxygen levels + biological_process + GO:0070483 + detection of hypoxia + - - - textus connectivus of skeletal muscle - OBOL:automatic + + + The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - + - textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skeletal muscle interstitial tissue - MA:0002868 - - - - - skeletal muscle interstitum - MA:0002868 + detection of reduced oxygen levels + GOC:vk - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. - EMAPA:35334 - MA:0000267 - eye-associated gland - gland of eye - uberon - UBERON:0004859 - - Examples: harderian gland, accessory lacrimal gland, gland of Moll, gland of Zeis, nictitating membrane glands - eye gland + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation + regulation of microtubule dynamics + biological_process + GO:0070507 + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization - + - A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. + GOC:mah - + - eye-associated gland - + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation + GOC:mah - + - gland of eye - OBOL:automatic + regulation of microtubule dynamics + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + + The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. + mah + 2009-05-06T03:31:02Z + biological_process + GO:0070633 + transepithelial transport + + + + + The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. + GOC:mah + GOC:yaf + ISBN:0716731363 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - + The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. + mah + 2009-05-06T03:34:43Z + biological_process + GO:0070634 + transepithelial ammonium transport + + + + + The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. + GOC:mah + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. - - - FMA:76552 - MESH:D012171 - XAO:0004153 - retina vasculature - retina vasculature of camera-type eye - retinal blood vessels - retinal blood vessels set - retinal vasculature - set of blood vessels of retina - set of retinal blood vessels - vasa sanguinea retinae - uberon - UBERON:0004864 - - - vasculature of retina + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division. + mah + 2009-05-28T05:25:28Z + biological_process + GO:0070661 + leukocyte proliferation - + - A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + mah + 2009-05-28T05:30:39Z + biological_process + GO:0070663 + regulation of leukocyte proliferation + - - - - - - michaelerice + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + GOC:add + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + mah + 2009-05-28T05:34:50Z + down regulation of leukocyte proliferation + down-regulation of leukocyte proliferation + downregulation of leukocyte proliferation + inhibition of leukocyte proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070664 + negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation + - - - retina vasculature - GO:0061298 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + GOC:add + GOC:mah - + - retina vasculature of camera-type eye - GO:0061298 + down regulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + - retinal blood vessels - FMA:76552 + down-regulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + - retinal blood vessels set - FMA:76552 + downregulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + + + inhibition of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + mah + 2009-05-28T05:36:46Z + up regulation of leukocyte proliferation + up-regulation of leukocyte proliferation + upregulation of leukocyte proliferation + activation of leukocyte proliferation + stimulation of leukocyte proliferation + biological_process + GO:0070665 + positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. + GOC:add + GOC:mah + + + - retinal vasculature - OBOL:automatic + up regulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + - set of blood vessels of retina - OBOL:automatic + up-regulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + - set of retinal blood vessels - FMA:76552 + upregulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah - + + + activation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah + + + + + stimulation of leukocyte proliferation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. + mah + 2009-06-16T04:08:29Z + cellular macromolecule localisation + biological_process + GO:0070727 + cellular macromolecule localization + + + + + Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. + GOC:mah + + + - vasa sanguinea retinae - FMA:76552 - FMA:TA - + cellular macromolecule localisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. - note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity - - - AAO:0000343 - FMA:84961 - ZFA:0005558 - uberon - orbit - UBERON:0004867 - orbital cavity + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. + mah + 2009-07-23T05:01:51Z + biological_process + GO:0070831 + Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane assembly ; GO:0071709' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. + basement membrane assembly - + - Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. - - - - - - note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity - AAO - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/462 - - - - - orbit - AAO:0000343 + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. - We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors - visceral mesoderm - - AAO:0011102 - BILA:0000044 - FMA:295568 - XAO:0000276 - inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm - uberon - splanchnic mesoderm - UBERON:0004872 - - splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + mah + 2009-08-14T03:09:02Z + regulation of bile acid anabolism + regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + regulation of bile acid formation + regulation of bile acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0070857 + regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - + - Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors - BILA + + + regulation of bile acid anabolism + GOC:mah - - - visceral mesoderm - - - BILA:0000044 + + + regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + GOC:mah - - - splanchnic mesoderm - ISBN:9780878932504 + + + regulation of bile acid formation + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of bile acid synthesis + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. - TODO - check relationship to LPM - - - EHDAA2:0001903 - EHDAA:383 - EMAPA:16181 - FMA:295564 - NCIT:C34303 - UMLS:C1519472 - VHOG:0000558 - uberon - ventral splanchnic mesoderm - UBERON:0004873 - splanchnopleure - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + mah + 2009-08-14T03:16:40Z + down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + negative regulation of bile acid anabolism + negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + negative regulation of bile acid formation + negative regulation of bile acid synthesis + inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0070858 + negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. - + + + down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C1519472 - ncithesaurus:Splanchnopleure + + + down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah - - - ventral splanchnic mesoderm - + + + downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. - Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/ - sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM - - - EHDAA2:0001847 - EHDAA:381 - EMAPA:16180 - FMA:295566 - NCIT:C34301 - UMLS:C1519423 - VHOG:0000557 - uberon - UBERON:0004874 - somatopleure - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + negative regulation of bile acid anabolism + GOC:mah - - - A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. - + + + negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C1519423 - ncithesaurus:Somatopleure + + + negative regulation of bile acid formation + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of bile acid synthesis + GOC:mah + + + + + inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. - Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. - WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. - AAO:0000478 - EFO:0003426 - TAO:0000091 - ZFA:0000091 - axial chorda mesoderm - chorda mesoderm - dorsal mesoderm - presumptive notochord - uberon - UBERON:0004880 - - - chordamesoderm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + mah + 2009-08-14T03:22:58Z + positive regulation of bile acid anabolism + positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + positive regulation of bile acid formation + positive regulation of bile acid synthesis + up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + activation of bile acid biosynthetic process + stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:0070859 + positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process - + - The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + positive regulation of bile acid anabolism + GOC:mah - + - axial chorda mesoderm - ZFA:0000091 + positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis + GOC:mah - + - dorsal mesoderm - + positive regulation of bile acid formation + GOC:mah - + - presumptive notochord - ZFA:0000091 + positive regulation of bile acid synthesis + GOC:mah + + + + + up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah + + + + + up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah + + + + + upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah + + + + + activation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah + + + + + stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. - - EMAPA:32866 - lung-associated mesenchyme - mesenchyme of lung - pulmonary mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0004883 - - - lung mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + mah + 2009-08-20T02:44:53Z + regulation of glycogen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0070873 + regulation of glycogen metabolic process - + - The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. - GO:0060484 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + GOC:mah - + - lung-associated mesenchyme - GO:0060484 + regulation of glycogen metabolism + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + mah + 2009-08-20T02:50:41Z + negative regulation of glycogen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0070874 + negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process + - - - mesenchyme of lung - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + GOC:mah - + - pulmonary mesenchyme - GO:0060484 + negative regulation of glycogen metabolism + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. - optic nerve - BTO:0000966 - EV:0100351 - FBbt:00001956 - TADS:0000232 - optic nerve (generic) - uberon - UBERON:0004904 - - - for the vertebrate-specific structure, see UBERON:0000941 (cranial nerve II) - neuron projection bundle connecting eye with brain + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + mah + 2009-08-20T02:53:55Z + positive regulation of glycogen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0070875 + positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process - + - A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. + GOC:mah - - - optic nerve - BTO:0000966 + + + positive regulation of glycogen metabolism + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. - FBbt:00005811 - joint - uberon - UBERON:0004905 - - articulation + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + mah + 2009-09-15T03:00:51Z + biological_process + GO:0070925 + + organelle assembly - + - Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. - + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. - ectodermal gut - gut ectoderm - uberon - UBERON:0004906 - ectodermal part of digestive tract + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state. + mah + 2009-10-05T04:35:31Z + biological_process + GO:0070977 + bone maturation - + - A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. - GO:0007439 - - - - - gut ectoderm - EMAPA:32930 + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:dph + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. - MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L - gut - - - - FMA:49179 - NCIT:C33010 - UMLS:C0226875 - galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract - lower GI tract - lower gastrointestinal tract - uberon - UBERON:0004907 - - lower digestive tract + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + mah + 2009-11-20T11:51:20Z + protein localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:0071168 + protein localization to chromatin - + - The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. - - - - - - MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - MA - - - - - WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L - FMA - - - - - gut - GO:0048565 + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0226875 - ncithesaurus:Lower_Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + protein localisation to chromatin + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. - WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus - - - - FMA:49177 - NCIT:C33837 - UMLS:C0226874 - galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract - upper GI tract - upper gastrointestinal tract - uberon - UBERON:0004908 - - upper digestive tract + The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + mah + 2009-11-20T11:52:43Z + establishment of protein localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:0071169 + establishment of protein localization to chromatin - + - The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. - - - - - - WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus - FMA + The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + GOC:mah - - - UMLS:C0226874 - ncithesaurus:Upper_Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + establishment of protein localisation to chromatin + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - + - An epithelium surrounding a gonad. - after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts - - EHDAA:4032 - EHDAA:5931 - NCIT:C32676 - UMLS:C1517534 - gonad epithelium - gonadal epithelium - uberon - gonadal sheath - UBERON:0004909 - epithelium of gonad + + + + + + + The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop. + mah + 2009-12-16T10:22:52Z + hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:0071425 + hematopoietic stem cell proliferation - + - An epithelium surrounding a gonad. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1517534 - ncithesaurus:Germinal_Epithelium + The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop. + CL:0000037 + GOC:BHF + GOC:add + GOC:mah + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. + mah + 2010-02-10T11:19:48Z + chewing + biological_process + GO:0071626 + mastication + - - - gonad epithelium - OBOL:automatic + + + The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. + GOC:gvg - + - gonadal epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gonadal sheath - FBbt:00004859 + chewing + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium surrounding an ovary. - after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts - BTO:0003661 - ovarian epithelium - ovary epithelium - ovarian sheath - uberon - UBERON:0004911 - epithelium of female gonad + Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. + mah + 2010-02-25T04:00:13Z + protein localisation in extracellular region + protein localization in extracellular region + biological_process + GO:0071692 + protein localization to extracellular region - + - An epithelium surrounding an ovary. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ovarian epithelium - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. + GOC:mah - + - ovary epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ovarian sheath - FBbt:00004896 - + protein localisation in extracellular region + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - EHDAA2:0000171 - EMAPA:16561 - EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 - VHOG:0001351 - uberon - hepatic diverticulum - UBERON:0004912 - biliary bud - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. + mah + 2010-03-02T11:43:38Z + biological_process + GO:0071695 + anatomical structure maturation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EMAPA + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. + GOC:mah - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2-modified - + + The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + mah + 2010-03-02T11:48:01Z + biological_process + GO:0071696 + ectodermal placode development + - - - hepatic diverticulum - EMAPA:16561 + + + The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. - - Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] - - - - CALOHA:TS-2348 - FMA:15076 - GAID:283 - MESH:D014670 - NCIT:C13011 - TAO:0005167 - UMLS:C0042425 - ZFA:0005167 - galen:AmpullaOfVater - Vater's ampulla - ampulla biliaropancreatica - ampulla of Vater - ampulla of bile duct - biliaropancreatic ampulla - papilla Vateri - uberon - ampulla Vaterii - ampulla hepatopancreatica - papilla duodeni major - UBERON:0004913 - - - hepatopancreatic ampulla - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg + The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + mah + 2010-03-02T11:49:51Z + biological_process + GO:0071697 + ectodermal placode morphogenesis - + - A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. - - - - - - Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005167 - TAO - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-070212-11 - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080414-12 - - - - - UMLS:C0042425 - ncithesaurus:Ampulla_of_Vater - - - - - ampulla biliaropancreatica - FMA:15076 - FMA:TA - - - - - - ampulla of bile duct - FMA:15076 - - - - - papilla Vateri - ZFA:0005167 - - - - - ampulla Vaterii - - - - - - - ampulla hepatopancreatica - - - - - - - papilla duodeni major - ZFA:0005167 + The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm. + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. - - EMAPA:18662 - FMA:15953 - MA:0003107 - NCIT:C119578 - papilla duodenalis - papilla of duodenum - uberon - papilla duodeni - UBERON:0004914 - duodenal papilla - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png + The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. + mah + 2010-03-08T02:15:14Z + biological_process + GO:0071702 + organic substance transport - + - One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. - - - - - - papilla duodeni - - + The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. - - - - - EMAPA:18663 - FMA:15077 - GAID:285 - MESH:D009803 - NCIT:C13065 - UMLS:C0028872 - Oddi's sphincter - hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter - musculus sphincter ampullae - musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica - sphincter of Oddi - sphincter of ampulla of vater - uberon - UBERON:0004915 - - sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + mah + 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z + organic molecular entity metabolic process + organic molecular entity metabolism + organic substance metabolism + biological_process + GO:0071704 + organic substance metabolic process - + - Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0028872 - ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi - - - - - hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter - FMA:15077 - - - - - musculus sphincter ampullae - FMA:15077 - - - - - musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica - FMA:15077 - FMA:TA - - - - - - sphincter of ampulla of vater - FMA:15077 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. - EMAPA:36052 - anal region sphincter - sphincter analia - uberon - UBERON:0004916 - anal sphincter + The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + mah + 2010-03-08T03:56:28Z + biological_process + GO:0071705 + nitrogen compound transport - + - A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - - + + - A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. - intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. - FBbt:00100315 - FMA:71131 - uberon - alimentary system subdivision - intestinal tract - segment of intestinal tract - subdivision of alimentary system - UBERON:0004921 - - subdivision of digestive tract + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane. + mah + 2010-03-10T11:19:17Z + biological_process + GO:0071709 + membrane assembly - + - A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. - - - - - - alimentary system subdivision - FMA:71131 - - - - - subdivision of alimentary system - FMA:71131 + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane. + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. - FMA:82485 - uberon - UBERON:0004923 - - organ component layer + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane. + mah + 2010-03-10T11:57:10Z + basement membrane organisation + biological_process + GO:0071711 + Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane organization ; GO:0061024' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. + basement membrane organization - + - A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane. + GOC:mah + + + + + basement membrane organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. - - BTO:0002113 - FMA:75144 - pharyngeal submucosa - pharynx submucosa - tela submucosa pharyngea - tela submucosa pharyngis - uberon - pharyngobasilar fascia - submucous coat of pharynx - submucous layer of pharynx - UBERON:0004924 - submucosa of pharynx + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane. + mah + 2010-03-29T03:59:35Z + nuclear membrane organisation + biological_process + nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis + GO:0071763 + nuclear membrane organization - + - The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. - BTO:0002113 - - - - - pharyngeal submucosa - FMA:75144 - - - - - pharynx submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tela submucosa pharyngea - FMA:75144 - FMA:TA - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane. + GOC:mah - + - tela submucosa pharyngis - BTO:0002113 - - - - - - submucous coat of pharynx - BTO:0002113 + nuclear membrane organisation + GOC:mah - + - submucous layer of pharynx - BTO:0002113 + nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18013 - cystic duct submucosa - cystic ductal submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004926 - submucosa of cystic duct + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane. + mah + 2010-03-29T04:03:37Z + nuclear outer membrane organisation + biological_process + nuclear outer membrane organization and biogenesis + GO:0071764 + nuclear outer membrane organization - + - A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane. + GOC:mah - + - cystic duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic + nuclear outer membrane organisation + GOC:mah - - - cystic ductal submucosa - FMA:18013 + + + nuclear outer membrane organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:15027 - sigmoid colon submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004932 - submucosa of sigmoid colon + + + + + + + The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane. + mah + 2010-09-03T02:54:26Z + protein membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0071806 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + protein transmembrane transport - + - A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sigmoid colon submucosa - OBOL:automatic + The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane. + GOC:mah + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:17059 - body of stomach submucosa - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa - gastric body submucosa - stomach body submucosa - submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - submucosa of gastric body - submucosa of stomach body - uberon - UBERON:0004934 - submucosa of body of stomach + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex. + mah + 2010-09-08T10:03:26Z + DNA-protein complex subunit organization + protein-DNA complex subunit organisation + protein-DNA complex subunit organization + biological_process + GO:0071824 + protein-DNA complex organization - + - A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - body of stomach submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric body submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach body submucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex. + GOC:mah - - - submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - OBOL:automatic - - - + - submucosa of gastric body - OBOL:automatic + DNA-protein complex subunit organization + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of stomach body - OBOL:automatic + protein-DNA complex subunit organisation + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:17060 - antrum of stomach submucosa - pyloric antrum submucosa - stomach pyloric antrum submucosa - submucosa of antrum of stomach - submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - uberon - UBERON:0004936 - submucosa of pyloric antrum + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25143 + mah + 2010-09-08T10:10:35Z + RNA-protein complex subunit organization + protein-RNA complex subunit organization + ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation + ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization + biological_process + GO:0071826 + protein-RNA complex organization - + - A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. + GOC:mah - + - antrum of stomach submucosa - OBOL:automatic + RNA-protein complex subunit organization + GOC:mah - + - pyloric antrum submucosa - OBOL:automatic + protein-RNA complex subunit organization + GOC:mah - + - stomach pyloric antrum submucosa - OBOL:automatic + ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. + mah + 2010-09-10T01:39:16Z + GO:0071841 + cellular component organisation or biogenesis + cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level + cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level + biological_process + GO:0071840 + + + cellular component organization or biogenesis + + + + + A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of antrum of stomach - OBOL:automatic + cellular component organisation or biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:27201 - FMA:17462 - pyloric part of stomach submucosa - pyloric submucosa - pylorus submucosa - stomach pyloric region submucosa - submucosa of pyloric part of stomach - submucosa of stomach pyloric region - uberon - UBERON:0004937 - submucosa of pylorus + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. + mah + 2010-09-13T02:36:37Z + response to monoamine stimulus + biological_process + GO:0071867 + response to monoamine - + - A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pyloric part of stomach submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pylorus submucosa - FMA:17462 - - - - - pylorus submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach pyloric region submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - submucosa of pyloric part of stomach - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of stomach pyloric region - OBOL:automatic + response to monoamine stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18009 - biliary tract submucosa - biliary tree submucosa - submucosa of biliary tract - uberon - UBERON:0004938 - submucosa of biliary tree + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. + mah + 2010-09-13T02:51:13Z + response to catecholamine stimulus + biological_process + GO:0071869 + response to catecholamine - + - A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tract submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tree submucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of biliary tract - OBOL:automatic + response to catecholamine stimulus + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18011 - common bile duct submucosa - common bile ductal submucosa - ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa - submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - uberon - UBERON:0004939 - submucosa of common bile duct + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system. + mah + 2010-09-13T03:31:53Z + response to noradrenaline stimulus + response to norepinephrine stimulus + biological_process + GO:0071873 + Note that epinephrine and norepinephrine are ligands for the same receptors, and there are multiple adrenergic receptors. + response to norepinephrine - + - A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah - - - common bile duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - + - common bile ductal submucosa - FMA:18011 + response to noradrenaline stimulus + GOC:mah - + - ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa - OBOL:automatic + response to norepinephrine stimulus + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + mah + 2010-09-14T12:44:09Z + leukocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0071887 + Note that a lymphocyte is a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage (CL:0000542). + leukocyte apoptotic process + - - - submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - OBOL:automatic + + + Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. + CL:0000738 + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18014 - common hepatic duct submucosa - common hepatic ductal submucosa - hepatic duct submucosa - submucosa of hepatic duct - uberon - UBERON:0004940 - submucosa of common hepatic duct + The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA. + mah + 2010-09-15T02:14:33Z + DNA anabolism + DNA biosynthesis + DNA formation + DNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:0071897 + DNA biosynthetic process - + - A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA. + GOC:mah - + - common hepatic duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic + DNA anabolism + GOC:mah - + - common hepatic ductal submucosa - FMA:18014 + DNA biosynthesis + GOC:mah - + - hepatic duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic + DNA formation + GOC:mah - + - submucosa of hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic + DNA synthesis + GOC:mah - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. + mah + 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z + cellular_component + GO:0071944 + + cell periphery + + + + + The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + - + - A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18015 - right hepatic duct submucosa - right hepatic ductal submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004941 - submucosa of right hepatic duct + An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. + mah + 2010-10-11T11:44:57Z + elastic fibre + elastin fiber + cellular_component + GO:0071953 + elastic fiber - + - A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + PMID:20236620 - + - right hepatic duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic + elastic fibre + GOC:mah - + - right hepatic ductal submucosa - FMA:18015 + elastin fiber + GOC:BHF - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:18017 - left hepatic duct submucosa - left hepatic ductal submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004942 - submucosa of left hepatic duct + + + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. + mah + 2010-10-18T03:44:18Z + extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + biological_process + GO:0071971 + extracellular exosome assembly - + - A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic duct submucosa - OBOL:automatic + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. + GOC:mah + GOC:tfm + PMID:19442504 + PMID:27462458 - + - left hepatic ductal submucosa - FMA:18017 + extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:vesicles - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:62775 - bronchiole submucosa - lobular bronchiole submucosa - submucosa of lobular bronchiole - uberon - UBERON:0004952 - submucosa of bronchiole + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. + mah + 2010-01-25T10:31:00Z + urinary system development + urinary tract development + biological_process + GO:0072001 + + renal system development - + - A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiole submucosa - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + GOC:yaf + http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Urinary_System - - - lobular bronchiole submucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + urinary system development + GOC:yaf - - - submucosa of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + + + urinary tract development + GOC:yaf + PMID:17881463 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14690 - cystic duct mucosa - cystic duct mucosa of organ - cystic duct mucous membrane - cystic duct organ mucosa - cystic ductal mucosa - mucosa of organ of cystic duct - mucous membrane of cystic duct - organ mucosa of cystic duct - uberon - UBERON:0004988 - mucosa of cystic duct + + + + + + + The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + mah + 2010-02-08T02:03:36Z + biological_process + GO:0072089 + stem cell proliferation - + - A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cystic duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cystic duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cystic duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cystic duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cystic ductal mucosa - FMA:14690 - - - - - mucosa of organ of cystic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of cystic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of cystic duct - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:15026 - mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon - mucous membrane of sigmoid colon - organ mucosa of sigmoid colon - sigmoid colon mucosa - sigmoid colon mucosa of organ - sigmoid colon mucous membrane - sigmoid colon organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004993 - mucosa of sigmoid colon + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + mah + 2010-02-08T02:09:03Z + biological_process + GO:0072091 + regulation of stem cell proliferation - + - A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of sigmoid colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of sigmoid colon - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sigmoid colon mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sigmoid colon mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sigmoid colon mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - sigmoid colon organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:17054 - body of stomach mucosa - body of stomach mucosa of organ - body of stomach mucous membrane - body of stomach organ mucosa - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa - gastric body mucosa - gastric body mucosa of organ - gastric body mucous membrane - gastric body organ mucosa - mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - mucosa of gastric body - mucosa of organ of body of stomach - mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - mucosa of organ of gastric body - mucosa of organ of stomach body - mucosa of stomach body - mucous membrane of body of stomach - mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - mucous membrane of gastric body - mucous membrane of stomach body - organ mucosa of body of stomach - organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - organ mucosa of gastric body - organ mucosa of stomach body - stomach body mucosa - stomach body mucosa of organ - stomach body mucous membrane - stomach body organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0004995 - mucosa of body of stomach + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. + mah + 2010-02-22T02:17:15Z + biological_process + GO:0072132 + mesenchyme morphogenesis - + - A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - body of stomach mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - body of stomach mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - body of stomach mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - body of stomach organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric body mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric body mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric body mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric body organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of gastric body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of body of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of gastric body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of stomach body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of stomach body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of body of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of gastric body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of stomach body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of body of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of gastric body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of stomach body - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach body mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach body mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach body mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomach body organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0004107 - FMA:17055 - antral mucosa - antrum of stomach mucosa - antrum of stomach mucosa of organ - antrum of stomach mucous membrane - antrum of stomach organ mucosa - mucosa of antrum of stomach - mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach - mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum - mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum - mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - mucous membrane of antrum of stomach - mucous membrane of pyloric antrum - mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum - organ mucosa of antrum of stomach - organ mucosa of pyloric antrum - organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - pyloric antrum mucosa - pyloric antrum mucosa of organ - pyloric antrum mucous membrane - pyloric antrum organ mucosa - stomach pyloric antrum mucosa - stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ - stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane - stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa - uberon - gastric antrum mucosa - UBERON:0004997 - mucosa of pyloric antrum + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22302 + mah + 2010-02-26T02:15:40Z + biological_process + GO:0072175 + epithelial tube formation - - - + + + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - BTO - + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + mah + 2010-03-01T03:43:29Z + biological_process + GO:0072201 + negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation + - + - A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - antral mucosa - BTO:0004107 - - - - - antrum of stomach mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - antrum of stomach mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - antrum of stomach mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - antrum of stomach organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of antrum of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. + mah + 2010-11-02T04:41:55Z + biological_process + GO:0072329 + monocarboxylic acid catabolic process + - - - mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. + mah + 2010-11-02T04:51:32Z + monocarboxylic acid anabolism + monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis + monocarboxylic acid formation + monocarboxylic acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:0072330 + monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process + - - - mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. + GOC:mah - + - mucous membrane of antrum of stomach - OBOL:automatic + monocarboxylic acid anabolism + GOC:mah - + - mucous membrane of pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis + GOC:mah - + - mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + monocarboxylic acid formation + GOC:mah - + - organ mucosa of antrum of stomach - OBOL:automatic + monocarboxylic acid synthesis + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + mah + 2010-11-11T11:43:56Z + sulfur-containing compound transport + biological_process + GO:0072348 + sulfur compound transport + - - - organ mucosa of pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - + - organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum - OBOL:automatic + sulfur-containing compound transport + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. + mah + 2010-11-16T11:27:39Z + GO:0072358 + cardiovascular system development + biological_process + GO:0072359 + + circulatory system development + - - - pyloric antrum mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. + GOC:mah + UBERON:0001009 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis. + mah + 2010-11-16T11:46:55Z + biological_process + GO:0072360 + vascular cord development + - - - pyloric antrum mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + + + The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis. + GOC:mah + PMID:7084422 + ZFA:0005077 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. + mah + 2010-12-01T04:59:11Z + microtubule-based organelle localization + biological_process + GO:0072384 + organelle transport along microtubule + - - - pyloric antrum mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. + GOC:mah - + - pyloric antrum organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + microtubule-based organelle localization + GOC:rl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22228 + mah + 2010-12-10T10:29:57Z + GO:0015696 + ammonia transport + ammonium transport + ammonium membrane transport + biological_process + GO:0072488 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + ammonium transmembrane transport + - - - stomach pyloric antrum mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + mah + 2011-01-27T01:57:14Z + pancreatic B cell maturation + pancreatic beta cell maturation + biological_process + GO:0072560 + These processes continue to 60 DPA in Gossypium spp. + type B pancreatic cell maturation + - - - stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + + + A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + CL:0000169 + GOC:BHF - + - stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + pancreatic B cell maturation + CL:0000169 + GOC:mah - + - stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gastric antrum mucosa - BTO:0004107 + pancreatic beta cell maturation + CL:0000169 + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0004110 - EMAPA:27199 - FMA:17461 - mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach - mucosa of organ of pylorus - mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region - mucosa of pyloric part of stomach - mucosa of stomach pyloric region - mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach - mucous membrane of pylorus - mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region - organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach - organ mucosa of pylorus - organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region - pyloric part of stomach mucosa - pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ - pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane - pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa - pylorus mucosa - pylorus mucosa of organ - pylorus mucous membrane - pylorus organ mucosa - stomach pyloric region mucosa - stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ - stomach pyloric region mucous membrane - stomach pyloric region organ mucosa - uberon - antropyloric mucosa - UBERON:0004998 - mucosa of pylorus + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver. + mah + 2011-02-02T03:37:50Z + biological_process + GO:0072575 + epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis - + - A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized. + mah + 2011-02-02T03:41:30Z + biological_process + GO:0072576 + liver morphogenesis + - - - mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach - OBOL:automatic + + + The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. + mah + 2011-02-02T03:56:24Z + apoptosis of endothelial cells + endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + killing of endothelial cells + programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + programmed cell death, endothelial cells + endothelial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0072577 + endothelial cell apoptotic process + - - - mucosa of organ of pylorus - OBOL:automatic + + + Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. + CL:0000115 + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region - OBOL:automatic + apoptosis of endothelial cells + GOC:mah - + - mucosa of pyloric part of stomach - OBOL:automatic + endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + GOC:mah - + - mucosa of stomach pyloric region - OBOL:automatic + killing of endothelial cells + GOC:mah - + - mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach - OBOL:automatic + programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + GOC:mah - + - mucous membrane of pylorus - OBOL:automatic + programmed cell death, endothelial cells + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2). + mah + 2011-02-11T10:46:51Z + diatomic oxygen metabolic process + oxygen metabolism + biological_process + GO:0072592 + oxygen metabolic process + - - - mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region - OBOL:automatic + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2). + GOC:mah - + - organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach - OBOL:automatic + diatomic oxygen metabolic process + CHEBI:33263 - + - organ mucosa of pylorus - OBOL:automatic + oxygen metabolism + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. + mah + 2011-02-14T01:56:51Z + establishment of protein localisation to organelle + biological_process + GO:0072594 + establishment of protein localization to organelle + - - - organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. + GOC:mah - + - pyloric part of stomach mucosa - OBOL:automatic + establishment of protein localisation to organelle + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. + mah + 2011-02-14T02:35:18Z + protein localisation in membrane + protein localization in membrane + biological_process + GO:0072657 + + protein localization to membrane + - - - pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. + GOC:mah - + - pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation in membrane + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. + tb + 2009-07-10T10:29:23Z + GO:0072661 + GO:0090002 + biological_process + protein localisation in plasma membrane + protein localization in plasma membrane + protein targeting to plasma membrane + protein-plasma membrane targeting + GO:0072659 + + + protein localization to plasma membrane + - - - pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. + GOC:mah - - - pylorus mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:mah - - - pylorus mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + + + protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. + mah + 2011-02-14T02:55:35Z + protein localisation to vacuole + biological_process + GO:0072665 + protein localization to vacuole + - - - pylorus mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. + GOC:ecd - + - pylorus organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation to vacuole + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole. + mah + 2011-02-14T02:56:29Z + establishment of protein localisation to vacuole + biological_process + GO:0072666 + establishment of protein localization to vacuole + - - - stomach pyloric region mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole. + GOC:mah - + - stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + establishment of protein localisation to vacuole + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. + mah + 2012-04-11T01:16:33Z + protein localisation to cell cortex + biological_process + GO:0072697 + protein localization to cell cortex + - - - stomach pyloric region mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. + GOC:mah - + - stomach pyloric region organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - antropyloric mucosa - BTO:0002984 + protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14695 - biliary tract mucosa - biliary tract mucosa of organ - biliary tract mucous membrane - biliary tract organ mucosa - biliary tree mucosa - biliary tree mucosa of organ - biliary tree mucous membrane - biliary tree organ mucosa - mucosa of biliary tract - mucosa of organ of biliary tract - mucosa of organ of biliary tree - mucous membrane of biliary tract - mucous membrane of biliary tree - organ mucosa of biliary tract - organ mucosa of biliary tree - uberon - UBERON:0004999 - mucosa of biliary tree + A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton. + mah + 2012-04-11T01:19:35Z + protein localisation to microtubule cytoskeleton + biological_process + GO:0072698 + protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton - + - A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tract mucosa - OBOL:automatic + A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton. + GOC:mah - + - biliary tract mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tract mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tract organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tree mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tree mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tree mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - biliary tree organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of biliary tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of biliary tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of biliary tree - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of biliary tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of biliary tree - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of biliary tract - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of biliary tree - OBOL:automatic + protein localisation to microtubule cytoskeleton + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14688 - common bile duct mucosa - common bile duct mucosa of organ - common bile duct mucous membrane - common bile duct organ mucosa - common bile ductal mucosa - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane - ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa - mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - mucosa of organ of common bile duct - mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - mucous membrane of common bile duct - mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - organ mucosa of common bile duct - organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - uberon - UBERON:0005000 - mucosa of common bile duct + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. + dhl + 2009-04-22T04:30:52Z + biological_process + GO:0080090 + regulation of primary metabolic process - + - A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common bile duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common bile duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common bile duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common bile duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common bile ductal mucosa - FMA:14688 - - - - - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of common bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of common bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of common bile duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. + PMID:19211694 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14691 - common hepatic duct mucosa - common hepatic duct mucosa of organ - common hepatic duct mucous membrane - common hepatic duct organ mucosa - common hepatic ductal mucosa - hepatic duct mucosa - hepatic duct mucosa of organ - hepatic duct mucous membrane - hepatic duct organ mucosa - mucosa of hepatic duct - mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct - mucosa of organ of hepatic duct - mucous membrane of common hepatic duct - mucous membrane of hepatic duct - organ mucosa of common hepatic duct - organ mucosa of hepatic duct - uberon - UBERON:0005001 - mucosa of common hepatic duct + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). + dhl + 2009-05-06T04:51:28Z + biological_process + GO:0080134 + + Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. + regulation of response to stress - + - A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common hepatic duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common hepatic duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common hepatic duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common hepatic duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - common hepatic ductal mucosa - FMA:14691 - - - - - hepatic duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hepatic duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hepatic duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hepatic duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of common hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of common hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). + GOC:dhl - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14692 - mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct - mucous membrane of right hepatic duct - organ mucosa of right hepatic duct - right hepatic duct mucosa - right hepatic duct mucosa of organ - right hepatic duct mucous membrane - right hepatic duct organ mucosa - right hepatic ductal mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0005002 - mucosa of right hepatic duct + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + dhl + 2010-09-01T03:44:27Z + biological_process + GO:0080154 + regulation of fertilization - + - A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of right hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of right hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right hepatic duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right hepatic duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right hepatic duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right hepatic duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right hepatic ductal mucosa - FMA:14692 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). + GOC:DHL + PMID:20478994 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:14693 - left hepatic duct mucosa - left hepatic duct mucosa of organ - left hepatic duct mucous membrane - left hepatic duct organ mucosa - left hepatic ductal mucosa - mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct - mucous membrane of left hepatic duct - organ mucosa of left hepatic duct - uberon - UBERON:0005003 - mucosa of left hepatic duct + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. + jl + 2010-07-14T12:52:49Z + biological_process + GO:0085029 + extracellular matrix assembly - + - A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic duct mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic duct mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic duct mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic duct organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - left hepatic ductal mucosa - FMA:14693 - - - - - mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of left hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of left hepatic duct - OBOL:automatic + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. - - - FMA:59832 - NCIT:C12224 - UMLS:C0226933 - mucosa of organ of upper lip - mucous membrane of upper lip - organ mucosa of upper lip - upper labial mucosa - upper lip mucosa - upper lip mucosa of organ - upper lip mucous membrane - upper lip organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0005031 - mucosa of upper lip + An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell. + tb + 2011-11-10T07:45:11Z + biological_process + GO:0086001 + cardiac muscle cell action potential - + - A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0226933 - ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Upper_Lip - - - - - mucosa of organ of upper lip - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of upper lip - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of upper lip - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper labial mucosa - UBERON:cjm - - - - - upper lip mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper lip mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper lip mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - upper lip organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. - - - FMA:59833 - NCIT:C12225 - UMLS:C0226939 - lower labial mucosa - lower lip mucosa - lower lip mucosa of organ - lower lip mucous membrane - lower lip organ mucosa - mucosa of organ of lower lip - mucous membrane of lower lip - organ mucosa of lower lip - uberon - UBERON:0005032 - mucosa of lower lip + + + + + + + An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:50:15Z + SA node cardiac muscle cell action potential + SAN cardiac muscle cell action potential + sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell action potential + sinus node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:0086015 + SA node cell action potential - + - A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0226939 - ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip - - - - - lower labial mucosa - UBERON:cjm - - - - - lower lip mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower lip mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower lip mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower lip organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of lower lip - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of lower lip - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of lower lip - OBOL:automatic + An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - - FMA:14662 - gall bladder mucosa - gall bladder mucosa of organ - gall bladder mucous membrane - gall bladder organ mucosa - gallbladder mucosa - gallbladder mucosa of organ - gallbladder mucous membrane - gallbladder organ mucosa - mucosa of gall bladder - mucosa of organ of gall bladder - mucosa of organ of gallbladder - mucous membrane of gall bladder - mucous membrane of gallbladder - organ mucosa of gall bladder - organ mucosa of gallbladder - tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) - tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris - uberon - UBERON:0005033 - mucosa of gallbladder + + + + + + + An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:58:56Z + AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:0086016 + AV node cell action potential - + - A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gall bladder organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - gallbladder organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of gall bladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of gallbladder - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) - FMA:14662 - - - - - tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris - FMA:14662 - FMA:TA - + An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - - FMA:263230 - FMA:62774 - bronchiole mucosa - bronchiole mucosa of organ - bronchiole mucous membrane - bronchiole organ mucosa - lobular bronchiole mucosa - lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ - lobular bronchiole mucous membrane - lobular bronchiole organ mucosa - mucosa of lobular bronchiole - mucosa of organ of bronchiole - mucosa of organ of lobular bronchiole - mucous membrane of bronchiole - mucous membrane of lobular bronchiole - organ mucosa of bronchiole - organ mucosa of lobular bronchiole - uberon - UBERON:0005039 - mucosa of bronchiole + + + + + + + An action potential that occurs in a Purkinje myocyte. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:58:56Z + biological_process + GO:0086017 + Purkinje myocyte action potential - + - A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiole mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiole mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiole mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiole organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lobular bronchiole organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + An action potential that occurs in a Purkinje myocyte. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte. + tb + 2011-11-10T09:15:01Z + SA node cardiac muscle cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signalling + SA node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte signalling + SAN cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte signalling + sinoatrial node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte signalling + sinus node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte signalling + biological_process + GO:0086018 + SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signaling + - - - organ mucosa of lobular bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:263232 - bronchiolus terminalis mucosa - bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ - bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane - bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa - mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis - mucosa of organ of bronchiolus terminalis - mucosa of organ of terminal bronchiole - mucous membrane of bronchiolus terminalis - mucous membrane of terminal bronchiole - organ mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis - organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole - terminal bronchiole mucosa - terminal bronchiole mucosa of organ - terminal bronchiole mucous membrane - terminal bronchiole organ mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0005040 - mucosa of terminal bronchiole + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the heart process that regulates cardiac muscle contraction; beginning with the generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node and ending with regulation of contraction of the myocardium. + dph + 2011-11-16T03:43:52Z + cell-cell signalling involved in cardiac conduction + biological_process + GO:0086019 + cell-cell signaling involved in cardiac conduction - + - A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucosa of organ of terminal bronchiole - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mucous membrane of terminal bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the heart process that regulates cardiac muscle contraction; beginning with the generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node and ending with regulation of contraction of the myocardium. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - organ mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole - OBOL:automatic + cell-cell signalling involved in cardiac conduction + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte. + tb + 2011-11-11T02:02:14Z + AV node cell to bundle of His cell signalling + atrioventricular node to bundle of His cell signaling + biological_process + GO:0086027 + AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling + - - - terminal bronchiole mucosa - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - terminal bronchiole mucosa of organ - OBOL:automatic + AV node cell to bundle of His cell signalling + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. + tb + 2011-11-11T02:02:14Z + Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0086029 + Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling + - - - terminal bronchiole mucous membrane - OBOL:automatic + + + Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - terminal bronchiole organ mucosa - OBOL:automatic + Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signalling + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - - + - + - - An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. - in eutherians, this is known as the vulva in and composed of the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina and its glands, and the opening of the urethra and of the vagina [MP:0003126] - - BTO:0003100 - EMAPA:30984 - FMA:45649 - galen:FemaleExternalGenitalia - external female genital organ - external genitalia of female reproductive system - female external genitalia - uberon - organa genitalia feminina externa - UBERON:0005056 - - - TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 - external female genitalia + Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + dph + 2011-11-22T08:57:02Z + biological_process + GO:0086065 + cell communication involved in cardiac conduction - + - An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - external female genital organ - BTO:0003100 + Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + + + + The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + dph + 2011-11-22T09:11:44Z + atrioventricular node cell to bundle of His cell communication + biological_process + GO:0086067 + AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication + - - - external genitalia of female reproductive system - OBOL:automatic + + + The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + + + + The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + dph + 2011-11-22T09:14:49Z + biological_process + GO:0086068 + Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication + - - - female external genitalia - FMA:45649 + + + The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + + + + The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + dph + 2011-11-22T09:32:45Z + SA node cardiac muscle cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication + SA node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte communication + SAN cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte communication + sinoatrial node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte communication + sinus node cardiomyocyte to atrial cardiomyocyte communication + biological_process + GO:0086070 + SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication + - - - organa genitalia feminina externa - BTO:0003100 + + + The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. - immune system organ - uberon - UBERON:0005057 - - - immune organ + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. + tb + 2009-08-12T11:33:09Z + biological_process + GO:0090063 + positive regulation of microtubule nucleation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. - hemopoietic or lymphoid organ - EMAPA:18766 - MA:0002962 - hemopoietic or lymphoid gland - uberon - haemolymphoid system gland - UBERON:0005058 - - hemolymphoid system gland + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + tb + 2009-09-09T11:39:52Z + biological_process + GO:0090068 + positive regulation of cell cycle process - + - A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hemopoietic or lymphoid organ - GO:0048534 - - - - - hemopoietic or lymphoid gland - - - - - - haemolymphoid system gland - EMAPA:18766 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. - The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. - - - - AAO:0011071 - EMAPA:35594 - FMA:295624 - NCIT:C34224 - UMLS:C0814992 - XAO:0000248 - neuronames:1363 - uberon - UBERON:0005061 - neural groove + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + tb + 2009-09-11T10:32:17Z + biological_process + GO:0090069 + regulation of ribosome biogenesis - + - The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. - - - GO:0001842 - - - - - The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0814992 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Groove + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. - In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. - - - - EHDAA2:0001249 - FMA:295618 - NCIT:C34223 - UMLS:C0814993 - XAO:0004087 - neuronames:1364 - medullary fold - uberon - UBERON:0005062 - - neural fold + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + tb + 2009-09-11T10:32:17Z + biological_process + GO:0090070 + positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis - + - One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. - - GO:0001842 - MP:0011256 - - - - - In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0814993 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Fold - - - - - medullary fold - MP:0011256 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - uberon - UBERON:0005064 - left ventricular trabecular myocardium + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + tb + 2009-09-11T10:32:17Z + biological_process + GO:0090071 + negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis - - - - - - - - - GO + + + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - uberon - UBERON:0005066 - right ventricular trabecular myocardium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + tb + 2009-10-23T11:21:38Z + biological_process + GO:0090087 + regulation of peptide transport - - - - - - - - - GO + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + tb + 2009-11-04T10:03:25Z + biological_process + GO:0090091 + positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly + + + + + Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. - An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - EFO:0003498 - TAO:0000133 - ZFA:0000133 - uberon - neural tube rod - UBERON:0005068 - - neural rod + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane. + tb + 2009-12-08T03:18:51Z + establishment of protein localisation in membrane + establishment of protein localization in membrane + biological_process + GO:0090150 + establishment of protein localization to membrane - + - A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. - GO:0014024 - ZFA:0000133 + The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000133 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - neural tube rod - GO:0014027 + + + establishment of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:mah - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. - hindbrain-spinal cord boundary region - uberon - UBERON:0005076 - hindbrain-spinal cord boundary + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell. + tb + 2009-12-08T08:58:27Z + biological_process + GO:0090162 + establishment of epithelial cell polarity - + - An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic + The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A hole in a tube[GO]. - AEO:0000078 - EHDAA2:0004618 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 - uberon - UBERON:0005082 - tube lumen + + + + + + + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance. + tb + 2009-12-08T09:15:11Z + Golgi apparatus disassembly + biological_process + GO:0090166 + Golgi disassembly - + - A hole in a tube[GO]. - GO:0060609 + A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - + + + - + - An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. - consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness - With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. - in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures - AEO:0000218 - uberon - epithelial placode - UBERON:0005085 - ectodermal placode + The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance. + tb + 2009-12-08T09:15:11Z + Golgi apparatus reassembly + biological_process + GO:0090168 + Golgi reassembly - + - An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. - GO:0060788 - - - - - in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures - GO - - - - - - epithelial placode - AEO:0000112 + The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. - in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila - EMAPA:32715 - FMA:30316 - musculus - uberon - muscle - muscle element - UBERON:0005090 - muscle structure + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. + tb + 2009-12-11T10:21:59Z + biological_process + GO:0090170 + regulation of Golgi inheritance - + - Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. - GO:0061061 - - - - - musculus - FMA:30316 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001841 - EHDAA:484 - EMAPA:16239 - FMA:70318 - VHOG:0000489 - sinus venosus right horn - uberon - UBERON:0005092 - right horn of sinus venosus - - - - - - FMA - - - - - Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000489 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003 - - - - - sinus venosus right horn - VHOG:0000489 - - - - - - - - - A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. - BTO:0001639 - uberon - UBERON:0005153 - epithelial bud + The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte. + tb + 2009-12-11T10:36:02Z + biological_process + GO:0090171 + chondrocyte morphogenesis - + - A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. - GO:0060572 + The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. - reproductive system element - reproductive system structure - uberon - UBERON:0005156 - - reproductive structure + The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. + tb + 2009-12-11T11:44:58Z + biological_process + GO:0090174 + organelle membrane fusion - + - Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. - + The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. + GOC:ascb_2009 + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. - uberon - UBERON:0005157 - epithelial fold + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. + tb + 2010-02-03T11:48:13Z + biological_process + GO:0090257 + regulation of muscle system process - + - An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. - GO:0060571 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. - - - CNS parenchyma - central nervous system parenchyma - parenchyma of CNS - parenchyma of central nervous system - uberon - UBERON:0005158 - parenchyma of central nervous system + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z + biological_process + GO:0090273 + regulation of somatostatin secretion - + - The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. - - CL:tm - - - - - CNS parenchyma - OBOL:automatic - - - - - central nervous system parenchyma - OBOL:automatic - - - - - parenchyma of CNS - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + GOC:BHF - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. - we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' - AAO:0011000 - CARO:0001000 - FBbt:00007060 - FMA:83115 - multi-cell-component structure - multi-cell-part structure - uberon - cell part cluster - UBERON:0005162 - - multi cell part structure + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z + biological_process + GO:0090274 + positive regulation of somatostatin secretion - - - - FMA - - - + - A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. - CARO:0001000 - - - - - we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' - CARO - FMA - - - - - multi-cell-component structure - CARO:0001000 - - - - - multi-cell-part structure - CARO:0001000 - - - - - cell part cluster - FMA:83115 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + GOC:BHF - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). - TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same - A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] - The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] - The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. - - - EHDAA2:0000741 - EHDAA:3049 - EMAPA:16843 - FMA:71891 - MA:0000357 - NCIT:C32730 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0917710 - VHOG:0000219 - galen:HepaticDuct - uberon - UBERON:0005171 - - - hepatic duct + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:54:14Z + biological_process + GO:0090275 + negative regulation of somatostatin secretion - + - Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). - - - - - - A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001100 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000219 - VHOG - - - - - - - The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. - GO:0061011 - - - - - UMLS:C0917710 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Duct + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. + GOC:BHF - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. - - MA:0000522 - abdomen organ - uberon - UBERON:0005172 - - abdomen element + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z + biological_process + GO:0090276 + regulation of peptide hormone secretion - + - An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. - - - - - - abdomen organ - MA:0000522 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. - EMAPA:37062 - MA:0000529 - abdominal segment organ - uberon - UBERON:0005173 - - abdominal segment element + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z + biological_process + GO:0090277 + positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion - + - An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. - - - - - - EMAPA:37062 - MA:th - - - - - abdominal segment organ - MA:0000529 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. - EMAPA:37274 - MA:0001901 - back organ - dorsal region organ - uberon - UBERON:0005174 - - dorsal region element + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + tb + 2010-02-05T02:56:39Z + biological_process + GO:0090278 + negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion - + - An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. - - - - - - EMAPA:37274 - MA:th - - - - - back organ - MA:0001901 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. - EMAPA:37270 - MA:0000516 - trunk organ - uberon - UBERON:0005177 - - - trunk region element + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds. + tb + 2010-03-12T04:08:26Z + biological_process + GO:0090299 + regulation of neural crest formation + + + + - - - An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. - - - - - - EMAPA:37270 - MA:th + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - trunk organ - MA:0000516 + + + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. - EMAPA:37273 - MA:0000557 - thoracic cavity organ - uberon - UBERON:0005178 - - - thoracic cavity element + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + tb + 2010-03-12T04:08:26Z + biological_process + GO:0090300 + positive regulation of neural crest formation - + - An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. - - - - - - EMAPA:37273 - MA:th - - - - - thoracic cavity organ - MA:0000557 + Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. - EMAPA:37275 - MA:0000543 - pelvic element - pelvis organ - pelvis region organ - uberon - UBERON:0005179 - - - - pelvic region element + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + tb + 2010-03-12T04:08:26Z + biological_process + GO:0090301 + negative regulation of neural crest formation - + - An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. - - - - - - EMAPA:37275 - MA:th - - - - - pelvis organ - MA:0000543 + Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. - EMAPA:37271 - MA:0000563 - uberon - upper body organ - UBERON:0005181 - - thoracic segment organ + Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26133 + tb + 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z + biological_process + GO:0090304 + nucleic acid metabolic process - + - An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. - - - - - - EMAPA:37271 - MA:th - - - - - upper body organ - MA:0000563 + Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - - - EMAPA:37197 - MA:0002235 - NCIT:C53142 - UMLS:C0226629 - uberon - UBERON:0005194 - thoracic vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + tb + 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z + biological_process + GO:0090316 + positive regulation of intracellular protein transport - + - A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37197 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0226629 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + GOC:tb - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - - - - - - - A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. - - These glands secrete mucus, lysozyme, defensins, and other agents that help protect the lungs from particles and infectious agents. - - EMAPA:36574 - FMA:7473 - MA:0002937 - glandula trachealis - tracheal gland - uberon - tubular seromucous gland of trachea - UBERON:0005203 - - - - trachea gland + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + tb + 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z + biological_process + GO:0090317 + negative regulation of intracellular protein transport + + + + - - - A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. - - - - ISBN:1451113412 - MGI:Anna - - - - - glandula trachealis - FMA:7473 - - - - - tracheal gland - FMA:7473 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - tubular seromucous gland of trachea - FMA:7473 + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + tb + 2010-05-14T10:24:29Z + biological_process + GO:0090325 + regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:16539 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001311 - VHOG:0000520 - uberon - UBERON:0005216 - optic eminence surface ectoderm + Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + tb + 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z + biological_process + GO:0090326 + positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior - - - + + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv + GOC:tb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - true - - + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + tb + 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z + biological_process + GO:0090327 + negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior + - + - An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. + GOC:dph + GOC:kmv + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001010 - EMAPA:18317 - FMA:71657 - VHOG:0000840 - parenchyma of right lobe of liver - uberon - UBERON:0005221 - liver right lobe parenchyma + The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini. + tb + 2012-05-04T09:24:48Z + biological_process + GO:0090425 + acinar cell differentiation - + - A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - parenchyma of right lobe of liver - FMA:71657 + The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001002 - EMAPA:18310 - FMA:71658 - VHOG:0000839 - parenchyma of left lobe of liver - uberon - UBERON:0005222 - liver left lobe parenchyma + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope. + tb + 2012-07-30T01:50:41Z + protein localization in nuclear envelope + biological_process + GO:0090435 + protein localization to nuclear envelope - + - A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - parenchyma of left lobe of liver - FMA:71658 + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope. + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - - + + - - + + - An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA2:0001078 - EMAPA:16809 - FMA:312675 - VHOG:0000803 - uberon - UBERON:0005233 - medial-nasal process ectoderm - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell. + tb + 2012-10-17T11:06:17Z + biological_process + GO:0090493 + catecholamine uptake + - + - An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. - EHDAA:940 - EMAPA:16539 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 - VHOG:0001105 - uberon - UBERON:0005234 - optic eminence ectoderm + + + + + + + Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + tb + 2014-08-22T13:23:20Z + biological_process + GO:0090596 + sensory organ morphogenesis - + - An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GOC:kmv + ISBN:978-0199210893 - + - - - The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001154 - EMAPA:17078 - VHOG:0000320 - metencephalon basal plate - uberon - UBERON:0005239 - basal plate metencephalon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus. + tb + 2016-07-19T17:00:49Z + RNA localisation to nucleus + biological_process + GO:0090685 + RNA localization to nucleus - - - The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000320 - VHOG - + + + A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus. + GOC:mah + PMID:26305931 - + - metencephalon basal plate - EHDAA2:0001154 + RNA localisation to nucleus + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. - TODO - split? - EHDAA2:0000886 - EHDAA2:0000887 - FMA:83584 - VHOG:0000615 - endocardium of interventricular septum - uberon - interventricular septum endocardial tissue - UBERON:0005243 - interventricular septum endocardium + Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule. + tb + 2017-05-16T22:33:39Z + cellular_component + GO:0090741 + pigment granule membrane - + - An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - endocardium of interventricular septum - FMA:83584 - - - - - interventricular septum endocardial tissue - VHOG:0000615 + Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule. + PMID:11294610 - + - + - + - + - + - + - A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:36488 - VHOG:0000609 - uberon - bulbus cordis cardiac muscle - UBERON:0005248 - bulbus cordis myocardium + All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. + pr + 2011-03-23T01:52:31Z + cilium plasm + microtubule-based flagellar matrix + microtubule-based flagellum matrix + cellular_component + cilial cytoplasm + ciliary cytoplasm + cilium cytoplasm + microtubule-based flagellar cytoplasm + microtubule-based flagellum cytoplasm + GO:0097014 + Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. Also, researchers consider the composition of both the plasm and the membrane of the cilium to be detectably different from that in the non-ciliary cytosol and plasma membrane (e.g. in terms of calcium ion concentration, membrane lipid composition, and more). For this reason, the term "ciliary plasm" is not linked to "cytoplasm". + ciliary plasm - + - A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - bulbus cordis cardiac muscle - VHOG:0000609 + All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. + GOC:BHF + GOC:cilia + GOC:dos + PMID:17895364 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A gland that is part of a stomodeum. - check this - VHOG:0000658 - stomatodaeum gland - uberon - UBERON:0005250 - - stomatodeum gland + Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. + pr + 2011-05-04T02:21:43Z + motoneuron apoptosis + motor neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0097049 + motor neuron apoptotic process - + - A gland that is part of a stomodeum. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - stomatodaeum gland - VHOG:0000658 + Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. + CL:0000100 + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:14523086 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. - In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets - in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities - EMAPA:16055 - FMA:63942 - VHOG:0000843 - cavity of yolk sac - yolk sac lumen - uberon - yolk sac space - UBERON:0005251 - yolk sac cavity + Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + pr + 2011-05-04T02:24:38Z + pancreatic B cell apoptosis + pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + type B pancreatic cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0097050 + type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process - + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities - EHDAA2 - - - - - cavity of yolk sac - FMA:63942 - - - - - yolk sac space - FMA:63942 + Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. + CL:0000169 + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:16087305 - + - + - + - + - - + - + - + - Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. - Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - EFO:0003492 - EHDAA2:0000732 - EHDAA:179 - EMAPA:16098 - EMAPA_RETIRED:16269 - FMA:76622 - TAO:0000113 - VHOG:0000332 - ZFA:0000113 - cephalic mesenchyme - uberon - cranial mesenchyme - desmocranium - UBERON:0005253 - - - - head mesenchyme + A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. + pr + 2011-06-07T11:22:09Z + cellular_component + GO:0097060 + + synaptic membrane - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. - ISBN:0683400088 - MP:0011260 - - - - - Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000113 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - cephalic mesenchyme - MP:0011260 - - - - - cranial mesenchyme - MGI:anna - - - - - desmocranium - FMA:76622 - + A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. + GOC:BHF + PMID:20410104 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + + The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. + pr + 2011-06-20T04:03:08Z + vascular smooth muscle cell development + biological_process + GO:0097084 + vascular associated smooth muscle cell development + + + + + The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. - EFO:0003485 - EHDAA2:0002092 - EHDAA:377 - EMAPA:16177 - TAO:0000081 - VHOG:0000281 - ZFA:0000081 - uberon - trunk and cervical mesenchyme - UBERON:0005256 - - - trunk mesenchyme + Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + pr + 2011-09-06T02:31:59Z + mesenchymal cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0097152 + mesenchymal cell apoptotic process - - - + + + Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. + CL:0000134 + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:yaf + PMID:18231833 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. + pr + 2011-09-28T04:21:30Z + ammonium ion metabolism + biological_process + ammonium metabolic process + GO:0097164 + ammonium ion metabolic process + - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - trunk and cervical mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0002092 + The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. + GOC:dhl + GOC:tb + PMID:14671018 - + - - + + - + + The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. + pr + 2011-11-23T09:30:23Z + GO:0008624 + apoptotic signalling pathway + induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals + biological_process + GO:0097190 + This term can be used to annotate gene products involved in apoptotic events happening downstream of the cross-talk point between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The cross-talk starts when caspase-8 cleaves Bid and truncated Bid interacts with mitochondria. From this point on it is not possible to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. + apoptotic signaling pathway + + + + + The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + apoptotic signalling pathway + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. - - The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] - The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes - - BTO:0000758 - CALOHA:TS-0607 - CALOHA:TS-2365 - DHBA:10662 - EHDAA2:0001207 - EHDAA:5526 - EMAPA:17082 - HBA:9512 - MA:0000205 - MESH:D054024 - VHOG:0000456 - uberon - myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) - UBERON:0005290 - - myelencephalon - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. + pr + 2011-11-23T09:45:24Z + execution phase of apoptotic process + apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0097194 + execution phase of apoptosis - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. - - BTO:0000758 - - - - - The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000456 - VHOG - - + A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:21760595 + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. + pr + 2012-02-02T12:23:31Z + biological_process + GO:0097237 + cellular response to toxic substance + - - - The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000456 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22368 + pr + 2012-03-05T02:03:58Z + biological_process + GO:0097254 + renal tubular secretion + - - - myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) - DHBA:10662 + + + The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. + GOC:rph + PMID:25287933 + Wikipedia:Renal_secretion#Secretion - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. - CALOHA:TS-2100 - portion of embryonic tissue - uberon - developing tissue - UBERON:0005291 - - - embryonic tissue + Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver. + pr + 2012-03-29T10:23:21Z + hepatocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:0097284 + hepatocyte apoptotic process - + - A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - portion of embryonic tissue - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver. + CL:0000182 + GOC:jc + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:15856020 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. - BTO:0003360 - CALOHA:TS-2119 - EFO:0001406 - MAT:0000061 - MIAA:0000061 - extra-embryonic tissue - uberon - UBERON:0005292 - - extraembryonic tissue + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into heterochromatin. + pr + 2012-07-03T03:19:07Z + protein localisation to heterochromatin + biological_process + GO:0097355 + protein localization to heterochromatin - + - Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. - + Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into heterochromatin. + GOC:mah + + + + + protein localisation to heterochromatin + GOC:mah - + - + - + - + - + + - + - The endothelial lining of the endocardium. - FMA:83596 - endocardium endothelium - endothelium of endocardium - uberon - UBERON:0005316 - endocardial endothelium + A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. + pr + 2012-10-22T13:55:54Z + cellular_component + glial process + glial projection + GO:0097386 + glial cell projection - + - The endothelial lining of the endocardium. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - endocardium endothelium - FMA:83596 + A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. + GOC:mc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other. + pr + 2012-11-07T15:01:27Z + NIF_Subcellular:sao1872343973 + microtubule fascicle + cellular_component + GO:0097427 + microtubule bundle + - - - endothelium of endocardium - FMA:83596 + + + An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other. + NIF_Subcellular:sao1872343973 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. - BTO:0000137 - pulmonary artery endothelial tube - uberon - UBERON:0005317 - pulmonary artery endothelium + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. + pr + 2012-11-27T15:46:25Z + GO:0043206 + extracellular fibril organisation + extracellular fibril organization + extracellular fibril organization and biogenesis + biological_process + fibril organisation + fibril organization + GO:0097435 + supramolecular fiber organization - + - An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. - GO:0061155 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. + GOC:pr - - - pulmonary artery endothelial tube - GO:0061155 + + + extracellular fibril organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. - EMAPA:26947 - lamina propria of oral mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0005334 - oral lamina propria + Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. + pr + 2013-03-21T09:44:45Z + rod photoreceptor apoptotic process + biological_process + GO:0097473 + retinal rod cell apoptotic process - + - A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. + CL:0000604 + GOC:jc + PMID:17202487 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. - - FMA:13225 - XAO:0004140 - heart ventricle outflow tract - outflow part of ventricle - ventricular outflow tract - uberon - UBERON:0005337 - outflow tract of ventricle + Any apoptotic process in a retinal cone cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. + pr + 2013-03-21T09:46:22Z + cone photoreceptor apoptotic process + biological_process + GO:0097474 + retinal cone cell apoptotic process - + - A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. - - - - - - heart ventricle outflow tract - MP:0010224 - - - - - ventricular outflow tract - + Any apoptotic process in a retinal cone cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. + CL:0000573 + GOC:jc - + - + - + - + - + - + - An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. - merge with LVOT? - EHDAA2:0001353 - EMAPA:17329 - MA:0000101 - VHOG:0001394 - uberon - UBERON:0005338 - outflow tract aortic component + A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. + pr + 2013-10-16T13:04:58Z + cellular_component + GO:0097512 + cardiac myofibril - + - An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. - OBOL:automatic + A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. + GOC:cjm + GOC:devbiol - + - - - merge with RVOT? - EHDAA2:0001359 - EHDAA:4401 - EMAPA:17330 - MA:0000102 - VHOG:0001395 - uberon - UBERON:0005339 - outflow tract pulmonary component + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole. + pr + 2014-02-28T09:49:31Z + biological_process + GO:0097576 + vacuole fusion + + + + Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole. + GOC:pr + GOC:vw + Wikipedia:Vacuole + - + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + + Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. + pr + 2016-03-29T17:39:45Z + cellular_component + GO:0097708 + intracellular vesicle + + + + + Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. + GOC:vesicles + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. - FBbt:00004200 - light-sensitive tissue - uberon - UBERON:0005388 - photoreceptor array + The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane. + pr + 2016-08-05T16:12:33Z + Reactome:R-HSA-5620912.1 + ciliary basal body docking + biological_process + anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane + GO:0097711 + Basal bodies in jawed vertebrates appear to first attach to a ciliary vesicle. It is unclear how specific this is to jawed vertebrates or if other organisms also employ this sequence. Some species like Giardia intestinalis do not relocate their basal bodies to the plasma membrane, but have their axonemes extend through the cytosol to then protrude out of the cell to form flagella. + ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking - + - An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. - + The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane. + GOC:cilia + PMID:13978319 + PMID:23348840 + PMID:23530209 + PMID:25686250 + PMID:26981235 + Reactome:R-HSA-5620912.1 - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. - directing or focusing light onto light receptors - lens - uberon - UBERON:0005389 - - transparent eye structure + The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. + pr + 2016-08-05T16:16:28Z + biological_process + GO:0097712 + vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment - + - A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. - + The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. + GOC:cilia + PMID:20106869 + PMID:23351793 + PMID:24814148 + PMID:26485645 + Reactome:R-HSA-5620920.1 - + - - - One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. - This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries - Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - - - - - AAO:0010217 - BTO:0000168 - CALOHA:TS-0116 - EFO:0000818 - EHDAA:6385 - EMAPA:18609 - EV:0100379 - FMA:70504 - GAID:478 - MA:0001925 - MAT:0000501 - MESH:D002339 - NCIT:C12687 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0000097 - UMLS:C0007272 - VHOG:0000266 - ZFA:0000097 - galen:CarotidArtery - carotid - carotid artery - subdivision of common carotid artery - uberon - common carotid arterial subdivision - UBERON:0005396 - - - - - carotid artery segment + + + The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. + pr + 2016-10-03T14:35:25Z + exosome assembly or secretion + exosome biogenesis + exosome production + biological_process + ILV assembly + intraluminal vesicle assembly + GO:0097734 + extracellular exosome biogenesis - - - - FMA - - - + - One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. - - - - - - - Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000097 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - UMLS:C0007272 - ncithesaurus:Carotid_Artery - - - - - carotid - AAO:0010217 - - - - - carotid artery - MA:0001925 - - - - - subdivision of common carotid artery - FMA:70504 - - - - - common carotid arterial subdivision - FMA:70504 + The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + PMID:19442504 + PMID:25392495 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - - + + - A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. - BTO:0000254 - MA:0000383 - uberon - UBERON:0005398 - - - female reproductive gland + A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube. + dos + 2013-10-14T12:05:12Z + cellular_component + GO:0098523 + In vertebrates, the term 'neuromuscular junction' is limited to synapses targeting the myotubes of skeletal muscle (AKA skeletal muscle fibers). Neuromuscular junctions targeting other muscle cell types exist in invertebrates such as the mononucleate somatic muscles of nematodes. + neuromuscular junction of myotube - + - A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. - OBOL:automatic + A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. + dos + 2013-10-15T14:00:34Z + biological_process + GO:0098528 + skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + + + + + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. - the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system - The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. - All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] - that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. - - - BTO:0000058 - CALOHA:TS-0407 - EHDAA2:0000110 - EHDAA:514 - EMAPA:16246 - EV:0100056 - FMA:71132 - GAID:294 - MA:0000323 - MESH:D041981 - NCIT:C12378 - UMLS:C0012240 - VHOG:0000412 - galen:GastrointestinalTract - uberon - GI tract - alimentary system - alimentary tract - gastro-intestinal system - gastroenterological system - gastrointestinal (GI) tract - gastrointestinal system - gastrointestinal tract - UBERON:0005409 - - alimentary part of gastrointestinal system + The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. + dos + 2014-02-26T13:41:31Z + cellular_component + GO:0098588 + Examples include the outer membranes of double membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria as well as the bounding membranes of single-membrane bound organelles such as lysosomes. + bounding membrane of organelle - + - The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. - - - - - - The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. - ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System - - - - - All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000412 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0721676685 Sherwood Romer A and Parsons T, Vertebrate body (1977) p.3 - - - - - that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0012240 - ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System - - - - - GI tract - GAID:294 - - - - - alimentary system - MA:0000323 - - - - - alimentary tract - MA:0000323 - - - - - gastro-intestinal system - FMA:71132 - - - - - gastroenterological system - UBERON:cjm - - - - - gastrointestinal (GI) tract - GAID:294 - - - - - gastrointestinal system - FMA:71132 - - - - - gastrointestinal tract - FMA:71132 - + The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. - Fin bud that develops into the pectoral fin.[TAO] - While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] - EFO:0003430 - TAO:0000141 - VHOG:0001754 - VHOG_RETIRED:0001259 - ZFA:0000141 - forelimb - pectoral fin bud - uberon - pectoral fin bud - pectoral fin buds - UBERON:0005419 - - at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pectoral fin bud' class, but we may in future - pectoral appendage bud + A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. + dos + 2014-03-06T11:55:32Z + region of plasma membrane + cellular_component + GO:0098590 + + Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. + plasma membrane region - + - A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Fin bud that develops into the pectoral fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000141 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001754 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC, Shubin NH, Force A, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004) - - - - - forelimb - pectoral fin bud - VHOG:0001754 - - - - - pectoral fin bud - TAO:0000141 - - - - - pectoral fin buds - TAO:0000141 - + A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - - - - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - - + + + A collagen trimer that forms networks. + cellular_component + GO:0098642 + network-forming collagen trimer + + + + + A collagen trimer that forms networks. + PMID:21421911 + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - + + - - A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. - - Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO] - Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] - EFO:0003469 - TAO:0001384 - VHOG:0001260 - ZFA:0001384 - hindlimb/pelvic fin bud - uberon - pelvic fin bud - pelvic fin buds - UBERON:0005420 - - at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future - pelvic appendage bud + + A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). + cellular_component + GO:0098643 + banded collagen fibril - + - A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - - - - - - - Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001384 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). + GOC:dos + PMID:21421911 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. + Supramolecular aggregate of collagen + Supramolecular collagen assembly + cellular_component + GO:0098644 + complex of collagen trimers + - - - Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001260 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268 + + + A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. + GOC:dos - + - hindlimb/pelvic fin bud - VHOG:0001260 + Supramolecular aggregate of collagen + PMID:19693541 - - - pelvic fin bud - TAO:0001384 + + + Supramolecular collagen assembly + PMID:21421911 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. + cellular_component + GO:0098645 + collagen network + - - - pelvic fin buds - ZFA:0001384 - + + + A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. + GOC:dos + PMID:21421911 - + - + - + - + - + - + - - + + - An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. - An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] - Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] - EFO:0003487 - EHDAA2:0000138 - EMAPA:16778 - TAO:0000085 - TAO:0000736 - VHOG:0001064 - ZFA:0000085 - AER forelimb - apical ectodermal ridge forelimb - apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud - upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge - wing AER - wing apical ectodermal ridge - uberon - aer pectoral fin - apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin - apical fold pectoral fin - UBERON:0005421 - - - pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge + Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0098651 + basement membrane collagen trimer - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001064 - VHOG - - - - - - - Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000085 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001064 - VHOG - - - - - - - AER forelimb - VHOG:0001064 - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge forelimb - VHOG:0001064 - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud - ZFA:0000085 - - - - - upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge - EHDAA2:0000138 - - - - - wing AER - Giesha:syn - - - - - - wing apical ectodermal ridge - - - - - - aer pectoral fin - TAO:0000085 - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin - TAO:0000085 - - - - - apical fold pectoral fin - TAO:0000085 + Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. + GOC:dos + PMID:21421911 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + - - + + - - + + - An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. - An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] - Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] - EFO:0003681 - EHDAA2:0003194 - EMAPA:16892 - TAO:0001385 - VHOG:0001066 - ZFA:0001385 - apical ectodermal ridge hind limb - apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb - lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge - uberon - AER hindlimb - apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud - leg AER - UBERON:0005422 - - - pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge + The process in which a monoatomic cation is transported across a membrane. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GO:0099132 + cation transmembrane transport + ATP hydrolysis coupled cation transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:0098655 + monoatomic cation transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001066 - VHOG - - - - - - - Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001385 - TAO - ZIFIN:curator - - - - - Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001066 - VHOG - - - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge hind limb - VHOG:0001066 - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb - VHOG:0001066 - - - - - lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge - EHDAA2:0003194 - - - - - AER hindlimb - VHOG:0001066 - - - - - apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud - TAO:0001385 + The process in which a monoatomic cation is transported across a membrane. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom. + GOC:dos + GOC:vw - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - AEO:0000125 - CALOHA:TS-2122 - EHDAA2:0003125 - FBbt:00007006 - FMA:292313 - MIAA:0000019 - uberon - developing structure - developmental structure - developmental tissue - UBERON:0005423 - developing anatomical structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. + uptake + biological_process + GO:0098657 + import into cell - - - developmental tissue - MIAA:0000019 + + + The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0001304 - EMAPA:16675 - TAO:0001071 - VHOG:0000490 - ZFA:0001071 - future neural retina - future retinal neural layer - inner layer optic cup - optic cup inner layer - presumptive retinas - uberon - future NR - future neural epithelium - future neural layer - presumptive retina - UBERON:0005425 - - presumptive neural retina + The process in which an inorganic ion is transported across a membrane. + inorganic ion membrane transport + transmembrane inorganic ion transport + biological_process + GO:0098660 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + inorganic ion transmembrane transport - + - Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000490 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - inner layer optic cup - ZFA:0001071 - - - - - optic cup inner layer - EHDAA2:0001304 + The process in which an inorganic ion is transported across a membrane. + GOC:mah - + - presumptive retinas - ZFA:0001071 - - - - - - future neural epithelium - EMAPA:16675 - - - - - future neural layer - EMAPA:16675 - - - - - presumptive retina - TAO:0001071 + transmembrane inorganic ion transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. - A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals - - EHDAA2:0000983 - EHDAA:4737 - EMAPA:17163 - TAO:0002205 - VHOG:0001163 - ZFA:0001679 - hollow lens vesicle - solid lens vesicle - uberon - immature lens - lens mass - presumptive lens - UBERON:0005426 - - - lens vesicle + + + + + + + The process in which an inorganic anion is transported across a membrane. + inorganic anion membrane transport + transmembrane inorganic anion transport + biological_process + GO:0098661 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + inorganic anion transmembrane transport - + - Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. - - ZFIN:curator - - - - - A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001163 - VHOG - - - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001163 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals - ZFA - - - - - hollow lens vesicle - - - - - - solid lens vesicle - ZFA:0001679 - - - - - - immature lens - ZFA:0001679 + The process in which an inorganic anion is transported across a membrane. + GOC:mah - - - lens mass - ZFA:0001679 - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091023-49 - - - - - presumptive lens - ZFA:0001679 + + + transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. - TAO:0002188 - ZFA:0001688 - uberon - UBERON:0005427 - corneal primordium + A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GO:0015672 + GO:0072511 + inorganic cation membrane transport + transmembrane inorganic cation transport + divalent inorganic cation transport + monovalent inorganic cation transport + biological_process + GO:0098662 + Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. + inorganic cation transmembrane transport - - - - ZFA + + + A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:mah - - - - Obol + + + transmembrane inorganic cation transport + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ZFA - + + Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity. + biological_process + GO:0098722 + asymmetric stem cell division + - + - Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity. + GOC:dos + PMID:18513950 - + - - - - - - - - - - Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. - Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives.[TAO] - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5) - EHDAA2:0002156 - EHDAA:669 - TAO:0000818 - VHOG:0001208 - XAO:0004191 - ZFA:0000818 - VNC - uberon - enteric neural crest - post-otic neural crest - UBERON:0005428 - - vagal neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber. + cellular_component + GO:0098723 + skeletal muscle myofibril - + - Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000818 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001208 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 - - - - - In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5) - filemaps.com - - - - - VNC - XAO:0004191 - - - - - - post-otic neural crest - ZFA:0000818 + A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes. + biological_process + GO:0098728 + germline stem cell asymmetric division + + + + + The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. - the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. - - EHDAA2:0004145 - EHDAA:9826 - EMAPA:36461 - FMA:71008 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 - saccus aorticus - uberon - UBERON:0005432 - - aortic sac + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + biological_process + GO:0098751 + + Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific cell development term or if not possible, bone or bone tissue development. + bone cell development - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. + GOC:dos - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. + biological_process + GO:0098754 + + + + detoxification + - + - The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. - MP:0012510 - - - - - the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. - - - - - - saccus aorticus - + Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - FMA:24219 - cervical region - neck subdivision - region of neck - subdivision of neck - uberon - UBERON:0005434 - cervical region + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + biological_process + GO:0098773 + skin epidermis development - - - cervical region - FMA:24219 - - - - - neck subdivision - FMA:24219 - - - - - region of neck - FMA:24219 - - - - - subdivision of neck - FMA:24219 + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:dos - + - - + + - + - - + + - In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. - - - - EHDAA2:0000308 - EHDAA:8570 - EMAPA:37206 - FMA:14771 - MA:0003094 - galen:CommonHepaticArtery - uberon - arteria hepatica communis - common hepatic - UBERON:0005436 - - common hepatic artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. + presynaptic terminal + cellular_component + GO:0098793 + + presynapse - + - In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. - - - - - - EMAPA:37206 - MA:th - - - - - arteria hepatica communis - - + The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. + cellular_component + GO:0098794 + + postsynapse + - - - common hepatic - + + + The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - - - - + - - + - - - - - - - + - The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. - A circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.vity. [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum][VHOG] - It is suggested that the mammalian lamina ascendens arose from an upgrowth of the root of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid in cynodonts, separating foramen rotundum from foramen ovale.[well established][VHOG] - todo - check placement of AAO class - - - AAO:0000194 - EHDAA2:0000552 - EHDAA:10629 - EMAPA:18712 - FMA:53154 - VHOG:0001543 - uberon - foramen rotundum of the skull - foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis - round foramen - UBERON:0005446 - foramen rotundum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png + Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0098796 + + membrane protein complex - + - The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. - - - - - - A circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.vity. [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001543 - VHOG - - - - - - It is suggested that the mammalian lamina ascendens arose from an upgrowth of the root of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid in cynodonts, separating foramen rotundum from foramen ovale.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001543 - VHOG - - PMID:1018003 Presley R, Steel FLD, On the homology of the alisphenoid. Journal of Anatomy (1976) - - - - - todo - check placement of AAO class - AAO - - - - - foramen rotundum of the skull - - - - - - foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis - - - - - - - round foramen - VHOG:0001543 + Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - EHDAA2:0000971 - EMAPA:16380 - EMAPA:16698 - FMA:70307 - uberon - UBERON:0005460 - left vitelline vein + Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. + cellular_component + GO:0098797 + plasma membrane protein complex - + - A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. - OBOL:automatic + Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - EHDAA2:0001766 - EMAPA:16381 - EMAPA:16699 - FMA:70306 - uberon - UBERON:0005472 - right vitelline vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. + biological_process + GO:0098801 + regulation of renal system process - + - A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. + GOC:dos - + - - - + + - + - A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. - sulcus limitans - BAMS:slim - BAMS:slm - neuronames:629 - neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans - uberon - UBERON:0005478 - sulcus limitans of neural tube + The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. + biological_process + GO:0098813 + nuclear chromosome segregation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. - - - - - - - neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans - EHDAA2:0001265 + The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - - + + - The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. - One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.[XAO] - Within each vertebrate group, the veins compose a few main functional systems that arise embryologically from what seems to be a common developmental pattern. (...) Early in development, three major sets of paired veins are present: the vitelline veins from the yolk sac, the cardinal veins from the body of the embryo itself, and the lateral abdominal veins from the pelvic region. The paired vitelline veins are among the first vessels to appear in the embryo. They arise over the yolk and follow the yolk stalk into the body. They then turn anteriorly, continue along the gut, and enter the sinus venosus.[well established][VHOG] - check zfa (no text def). Check vitelline/omphalomesenteric distinction in XAO - - - - - EMAPA:36021 - FMA:70305 - NCIT:C34329 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002209 - UMLS:C0231091 - VHOG:0000401 - XAO:0000376 - XAO:0004147 - embryonic vitelline vein - vascular vitelline network - vena vitellina - uberon - omphalomesenteric vein - vein of omphalomesenteric system - vitelline veins - UBERON:0005487 - - - vitelline vein - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray475.png + The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. + microtubule-based protein transport + biological_process + GO:0098840 + protein transport along microtubule - + - The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. - MGI:csmith - MP:0010666 - - - - - One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.[XAO] - XAO - XAO:0004147 - - - - - Within each vertebrate group, the veins compose a few main functional systems that arise embryologically from what seems to be a common developmental pattern. (...) Early in development, three major sets of paired veins are present: the vitelline veins from the yolk sac, the cardinal veins from the body of the embryo itself, and the lateral abdominal veins from the pelvic region. The paired vitelline veins are among the first vessels to appear in the embryo. They arise over the yolk and follow the yolk stalk into the body. They then turn anteriorly, continue along the gut, and enter the sinus venosus.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000401 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.460 - - - - - check zfa (no text def). Check vitelline/omphalomesenteric distinction in XAO - XAO - - - - - UMLS:C0231091 - ncithesaurus:Vitelline_Vein - - - - - embryonic vitelline vein - VHOG:0000401 - - - - - vascular vitelline network - XAO:0004147 - - - - - vena vitellina - - - - - - - omphalomesenteric vein - EMAPA:16244 - - - - - vitelline veins - XAO:0004147 - + The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. + PMID:25987607 - + - - + + - - + + - Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. - EHDAA2:0001257 - EHDAA:2873 - EHDAA:912 - EMAPA:16166 - TAO:0001435 - VHOG:0000513 - ZFA:0001435 - lateral wall neural tube - uberon - UBERON:0005496 - - neural tube lateral wall + A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. + cellular_component + GO:0098858 + actin-based cell projection - + - Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. - ZFA:0001435 - - - - - lateral wall neural tube - ZFA:0001435 + A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. + PMID:15661519 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release - - In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] - After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. - EFO:0003643 - EHDAA:257 - EMAPA:16074 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 - TAO:0001178 - VHOG:0001372 - XAO:0004091 - ZFA:0001178 - non neural ectoderm - epidermal ectoderm - epithelial ectoderm - uberon - surface ectoderm - ventral ectoderm - UBERON:0005497 - - - Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). - non-neural ectoderm + The increase in size or mass of an intramembranous bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. + biological_process + GO:0098867 + intramembranous bone growth - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001372 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) - - - - - non neural ectoderm - ZFA:0001178 - - - - - epidermal ectoderm - - - - - - epithelial ectoderm - - - - - - surface ectoderm - - - - - - ventral ectoderm - ZFA:0001178 + + + The increase in size or mass of an intramembranous bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. + PMID:26399686 - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. - - - EHDAA2:0001512 - EHDAA:424 - EHDAA:436 - EMAPA:16215 - FMA:321916 - TAO:0000149 - ZFA:0000149 - primitive heart tube - early primitive heart tube - uberon - UBERON:0005498 - - primitive heart tube + The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone. + biological_process + GO:0098868 + bone growth - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. - ZFA:0000149 - - - - - primitive heart tube - EMAPA:16215 - - - - - early primitive heart tube - EMAPA:16208 + The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + + - + - A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. - EMAPA:32819 - EMAPA:35364 - uberon - future hindbrain lateral wall - UBERON:0005501 - rhombomere lateral wall + The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse. + cellular_component + GO:0098871 + + postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton - + - A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - future hindbrain lateral wall - EMAPA:35364 + The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse. + GOC:dos - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. - todo - compare ZFA and EHDAA2 representation - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - EFO:0003484 - EHDAA2:0002083 - EHDAA:667 - EMAPA:16170 - TAO:0000080 - VHOG:0000269 - ZFA:0000080 - uberon - UBERON:0005563 - - - trigeminal neural crest - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + + + + + + + The directed movement of substances to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane by exocytosis. + biological_process + GO:0098876 + vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane + - + - Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. - ZFA:0000080 - - - - - We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000269 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + The directed movement of substances to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane by exocytosis. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. - Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] - this is a very broad grouping class - EFO:0003651 - EHDAA:5927 - EMAPA:17204 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 - TAO:0001262 - WBbt:0008366 - ZFA:0001262 - future gonad - gonadal primordium - primitive gonad - undifferentiated gonad - uberon - immature gonad - UBERON:0005564 - - - - gonad primordium + A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared. + synapse clearance + synapse disassembly + synapse elimination + synapse removal + biological_process + GO:0098883 + + synapse pruning - - - - Obol - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. - ZFA:0001262 - - - - - Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001262 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared. + GOC:dos + PMID:12062020 + PMID:18083105 + PMID:22632716 + PMID:29844190 - + - future gonad - + synapse clearance + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:22632716 - + - gonadal primordium - ZFA:0001262 + synapse disassembly + PMID:12062020 + - + - primitive gonad - + synapse elimination + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:18083105 + PMID:29844190 - + - undifferentiated gonad - ZFA:0001262 - - - - - immature gonad - + synapse removal + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:22632716 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + biological_process + GO:0098900 + The ion channels through which current flows during an action potential should be annotated to the process 'action potential'. Gene products involved in modulating the characteristics of an action potential via changing the expression levels or the activity of these channels (e.g. modulating their kinetics or voltage sensitivity) should be annotated to this regulation term. + regulation of action potential + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:dos + GOC:dph + GOC:go_curators + GOC:tb + ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. - in humans this includes somites 1-4 - They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) - EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter - EHDAA2:0003437 - EMAPA:16172 - XAO:0000313 - occipital somite - uberon - cranial somite - UBERON:0005594 - head somite + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + biological_process + GO:0098901 + regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:dos + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:58:56Z + regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:0098904 + regulation of AV node cell action potential + + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. - - - - - - They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) - - - - - - EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter - EHDAA2 - - - - - occipital somite - - XAO:0000313 - - - - - cranial somite - XAO:0000313 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. - AAO:0011059 - EFO:0002578 - EMAPA:36007 - XAO:0001002 - uberon - lateral diverticula - lung diverticulum - lung endoderm - UBERON:0005597 - - lung primordium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:58:56Z + biological_process + GO:0098906 + regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential + + + + - - - - XAO - - - + - - - - - - - XAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. - XAO:0001002 - - - - - lateral diverticula - XAO:0001002 - - - - - lung diverticulum - AAO:3010717 - - - - - lung endoderm - EFO:0002578 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A somite that is part of a trunk. - AAO:0010385 - EHDAA2:0003438 - EMAPA:16184 - XAO:0000314 - uberon - UBERON:0005598 - trunk somite + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + tb + 2011-11-10T08:50:15Z + regulation of SA node cardiac muscle cell action potential + regulation of SAN cardiac muscle cell action potential + regulation of sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell action potential + regulation of sinus node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:0098907 + regulation of SA node cell action potential + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A somite that is part of a trunk. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. - The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] - - - EHDAA2:0000416 - EHDAA:3001 - EMAPA:17025 - MA:0001618 - NCIT:C34142 - UMLS:C1512038 - VHOG:0000352 - uberon - dorsal mesentery - UBERON:0005602 - dorsal mesogastrium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + biological_process + generation of action potential + GO:0098908 + regulation of neuronal action potential + + + + - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. - - - - - - The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000352 - VHOG - - - - - - - UMLS:C1512038 - ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Mesogastrium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. + GOC:dph + GOC:isa_complete + GOC:tb - + - dorsal mesentery - + generation of action potential + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - EMAPA:16844 - MA:0001636 - VHOG:0000215 - extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct - hepatic duct extrahepatic part - uberon - UBERON:0005604 - extrahepatic part of hepatic duct + Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. + biological_process + GO:0098916 + anterograde trans-synaptic signaling - - - - - - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - MA - - - - - extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct - VHOG:0000215 - - - - - hepatic duct extrahepatic part - MA:0001636 + + + Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. + GOC:dos - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] - Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans - - EHDAA2:0000936 - EHDAA:404 - EMAPA:16205 - MA:0000478 - VHOG:0000484 - uberon - UBERON:0005613 - left dorsal aorta + + + + + + + Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. + biological_process + GO:0098917 + retrograde trans-synaptic signaling - - - A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000484 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572 - - - - - Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans - + + + Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. - Cells of the subcapsular epithelium (or anterior lens cells) are mitotically active. In adult individuals they only cover the anterior 'hemisphere' of the lens. As they divide, cells gradually move towards the equator of the lens where they tranform into lens fibres. The apical part of the gradually elongating cell extends between the subcapsular epithelium and adjacent lens fibres towards the anterior pole of the lens. The basal part extends towards the posterior pole. The nucleus remains close to the equatorial plane of the lens - http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm - lens epithelium - - - EHDAA2:0000984 - EHDAA:9059 - EMAPA:17304 - EMAPA:17839 - FMA:70612 - MA:0001302 - NCIT:C33641 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 - UMLS:C1182652 - VHOG:0001425 - lens subcapsular epithelium - subcapsular lens epithelium - uberon - anterior epithelium of lens vesicle - anterior surface of lens - UBERON:0005614 - lens anterior epithelium + Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand. + biological_process + GO:0098920 + + retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid - - - - - - - - - FMA-inferred - - - + - A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. - - - - - - UMLS:C1182652 - ncithesaurus:Subcapsular_Epithelium_of_the_Lens - - - - - lens subcapsular epithelium - - - - - - subcapsular lens epithelium - FMA:70612 - - - - - anterior epithelium of lens vesicle - EMAPA:17304 - - - - - anterior surface of lens - FMA:58889 + Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. - includes posterior and anterior mesenteric arteries, which branch from the dorsal aorta (see Kardong), and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries - - - - BTO:0000779 - EHDAA2:0001123 - EHDAA:4343 - EMAPA:17312 - MA:0002003 - MESH:D008638 - NCIT:C52975 - UMLS:C0025465 - VHOG:0001117 - XAO:0000370 - uberon - UBERON:0005616 - mesenteric artery + Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse. + postsynaptic signaling pathway + biological_process + GO:0098926 + + postsynaptic signal transduction - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. - - MESH:A07.231.114.565 + Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse. + GOC:dos - - - UMLS:C0025465 - ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Artery + + + postsynaptic signaling pathway + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A vein that returns blood from the intestines. - In humans the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein - - - - BTO:0002781 - EHDAA:4442 - EMAPA:17348 - MA:0002177 - MESH:D008642 - NCIT:C53055 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001125 - UMLS:C0025473 - uberon - intestinal vein - UBERON:0005617 - mesenteric vein + Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse. + presynaptic signaling pathway + biological_process + GO:0098928 + + presynaptic signal transduction - + - A vein that returns blood from the intestines. - - MESH:A07.231.908.670.385 - - - - - UMLS:C0025473 - ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Vein + Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse. + GOC:dos - - - intestinal vein - + + + presynaptic signaling pathway + - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] - Normally regresses in humans - - EHDAA2:0001720 - EHDAA:406 - EMAPA:16206 - MA:0000479 - VHOG:0000485 - uberon - UBERON:0005622 - right dorsal aorta + + + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. + biological_process + GO:0098974 + + postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization - - - A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000485 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572 - - - - - Normally regresses in humans - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. + GOC:dos - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. - stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)] - EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. - - EHDAA2:0004714 - FMA:305915 - MESH:D005321 - uberon - UBERON:0005631 - extraembryonic membrane - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-extraembryonic-membranes + The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma. + cellular_component + GO:0098975 + postsynapse of neuromuscular junction - + - Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. - EHDAA2 + The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma. + GOC:dos + Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction&oldid=723623502 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. - EHDAA2:0001582 - EMAPA:17633 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001927 - uberon - UBERON:0005637 - pyloric region epithelium + A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. + cellular_component + GO:0098981 + + cholinergic synapse - + - An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. - OBOL:automatic + A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + - + - An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. - EHDAA2:0000130 - uberon - UBERON:0005638 - anterior chamber epithelium + A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals. + cellular_component + GO:0098992 + + neuronal dense core vesicle - + - An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. - OBOL:automatic + A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals. + GOC:dos + ISBN:978-0-07-181001-2 + Wikipedia:Neuropeptide&oldid=713905176 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. - EHDAA2:0000987 - EMAPA:17165 - VHOG:0000532 - uberon - UBERON:0005656 - lens vesicle epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099003 + + vesicle-mediated transport in synapse - + - An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. - OBOL:automatic + Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0004032 - EMAPA:16762 - EMAPA:16764 - EMAPA:16768 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000094 - VHOG:0001095 - 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm - uberon - UBERON:0005662 - 4th arch ectoderm + + + + + + + The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle. + cellular_component + GO:0099012 + + neuronal dense core vesicle membrane - + - An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001095 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) - - - - - 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm - VHOG:0001095 + The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0004033 - EMAPA:16765 - EMAPA:16767 - EMAPA:16769 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000095 - VHOG:0001092 - 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm - uberon - UBERON:0005666 - 4th arch endoderm + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle. + biological_process + GO:0099014 + neuronal dense core vesicle organization - + - An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001092 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) - - - - - 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm - VHOG:0001092 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. - we believe that this corresponds to EMAPA:16139 based on synonyms and parenthood - peritoneum - - BTO:0003156 - EHDAA2:0001447 - EMAPA:16139 - FMA:18147 - mesothelium of peritoneal component - mesothelium of peritoneum - peritoneal mesothelium - peritoneum mesothelium - uberon - UBERON:0005669 - peritoneal cavity mesothelium + + + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse. + presynapse biogenesis + presynaptic terminal assembly + biological_process + GO:0099054 + + presynapse assembly - + - A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - we believe that this corresponds to EMAPA:16139 based on synonyms and parenthood - EMAPA - - - - - peritoneum - EMAPA:16139 - - - - - - mesothelium of peritoneal component - EMAPA:16139 - - - - - mesothelium of peritoneum - FMA:18147 - - - - - peritoneal mesothelium - BTO:0003156 + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + GOC:dos + PMID:24449494 - + - peritoneal mesothelium - EMAPA:16139 + presynapse biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - peritoneum mesothelium - FMA:18147 + presynaptic terminal assembly + PMID:24449494 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - + - An endothelium that is part of a right lung. - EHDAA2:0001755 - uberon - UBERON:0005672 - right lung endothelium + + + + + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse. + postsynapse biogenesis + biological_process + GO:0099068 + postsynapse assembly - + - An endothelium that is part of a right lung. - OBOL:automatic + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse. + GOC:bf + GOC:dos + GOCL:PARL + + + + + postsynapse biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + + + A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. + cellular_component + GO:0099080 + supramolecular complex + + + + + A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a left lung. - EHDAA2:0000961 - uberon - UBERON:0005673 - left lung endothelium + A polymeric supramolecular structure. + cellular_component + GO:0099081 + supramolecular polymer - + - An endothelium that is part of a left lung. - OBOL:automatic + A polymeric supramolecular structure. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. - - EMAPA:16722 - EMAPA:17040 - EMAPA:18671 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001187 - uberon - UBERON:0005685 - midgut dorsal mesentery + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide. + biological_process + GO:0099082 + + retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide - + - A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. - OBOL:automatic + Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + GOC:dos + PMID:19448629 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - cavity of lens - lens cavity - EHDAA2:0000986 - EMAPA:17164 - VHOG:0000531 - cavity of lens vesicle - uberon - UBERON:0005688 - lens vesicle cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide. + biological_process + GO:0099083 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission - + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000531 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 - - - - - lens cavity - EHDAA2:0000986 - - - - - cavity of lens vesicle - EMAPA:17164 + Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide. + GOC:PARL + GOC:bf + GOC:dos + PMID:19448629 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000096 - EHDAA:1677 - EMAPA:16770 - FMA:295702 - VHOG:0001052 - 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme - uberon - 4th branchial arch mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme - UBERON:0005691 - 4th arch mesenchyme + The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization. + biological_process + GO:0099098 + microtubule polymerization based movement - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001052 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) - - - - - 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme - VHOG:0001052 + The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization. + GOC:cjm + ISBN:0815316194 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. - EHDAA:942 - EMAPA:16324 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 - VHOG:0001073 - uberon - UBERON:0005702 - optic eminence mesenchyme + A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. + biological_process + GO:0099111 + microtubule-based transport - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. - OBOL:automatic + A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. + GOC:cjm + ISBN:0815316194 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. - EHDAA2:0000564 - uberon - UBERON:0005711 - foregut duodenum mesentery + + + + + + + The transport of a protein driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which it is attached. + biological_process + GO:0099112 + microtubule polymerization based protein transport - + - A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. - OBOL:automatic + The transport of a protein driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which it is attached. + GOC:dos + GOC:vw + PMID:11018050 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - + + + - - + + - - + + - A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. - EHDAA2:0001193 - uberon - UBERON:0005712 - midgut duodenum mesentery + A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. + biological_process + GO:0099118 + microtubule-based protein transport - + - A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. - OBOL:automatic + A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. - EHDAA2:0000776 - EMAPA:18632 - VHOG:0001322 - uberon - rhombencephalon venous system - UBERON:0005720 - hindbrain venous system + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton. + dos + 2017-06-09T18:34:19Z + biological_process + GO:0099140 + + presynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization - + - A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - rhombencephalon venous system - VHOG:0001322 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton. + GOC:dos - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. + dos + 2017-06-09T18:36:19Z + cellular_component + GO:0099143 + + presynaptic actin cytoskeleton + + + + + The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome. + dos + 2017-07-05T16:40:45Z + exosome mediated + biological_process + GO:0099156 + cell-cell signaling via exosome + + + + + Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome. + GOC:dos + PMID:19837038 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0000474 - EMAPA:31862 - EMAPA:31863 - FMA:296719 - VHOG:0000616 - extra-embryonic mesoderm - extraembryonic mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0005728 - extraembryonic mesoderm + Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome. + dos + 2017-07-05T16:49:44Z + exosome mediated transynaptic signalling + trans-synaptic signalling via exosome + biological_process + GO:0099157 + + trans-synaptic signaling via exosome - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome. + GOC:dos + PMID:19837038 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. - Embryonic region that develops into the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - TAO:0001453 - ZFA:0001453 - pectoral appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm - pectoral fin field - uberon - UBERON:0005729 - pectoral appendage field + Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. + dos + 2017-09-11T17:09:17Z + biological_process + GO:0099170 + + postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission - + - A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Embryonic region that develops into the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001453 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - pectoral fin field - ZFA:0001453 - + Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. - Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - TAO:0001454 - ZFA:0001454 - pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm - pelvic fin field - uberon - UBERON:0005730 - pelvic appendage field + Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. + dos + 2017-09-11T17:09:31Z + biological_process + GO:0099171 + + presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission - + - A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001454 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - pelvic fin field - ZFA:0001454 - + Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + - + - - + + - A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. - we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this. - limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm - paired limb/fin field - uberon - UBERON:0005732 - - paired limb/fin field + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse. + presynapse development + presynapse organisation + biological_process + presynapse morphogenesis + presynapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0099172 + + presynapse organization - - - - - - - - - ISBN:9780878932504 - ZFA-inferred + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse. + GOC:dos - - - A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. - ISBN:9780878932504 + + + presynapse morphogenesis + GOC:BHF + + + + + presynapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. - TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings - The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. - - - - BTO:0002010 - EMAPA:36299 - NCIT:C33818 - UMLS:C0225342 - adventitia externa - tunica adventitia - tunica adventitia of vessel - uberon - external coat - tunica adventitia vasorum - tunica externa vasorum - UBERON:0005734 - tunica adventitia of blood vessel - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse. + postsynapse development + postsynapse organisation + biological_process + postsynapse morphogenesis + postsynapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0099173 + + postsynapse organization - - - - cjm - - - + - The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0225342 - ncithesaurus:Tunica_Adventitia - - - - - adventitia externa - - - - - - tunica adventitia - - - - - - tunica adventitia of vessel - - - - - - external coat - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse. + GOC:dos - + - tunica adventitia vasorum - - + postsynapse morphogenesis + GOC:BHF - + - tunica externa vasorum - - + postsynapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + + - - + + - A tunica intima that is part of a artery. - - EMAPA:36293 - EV:0100028 - FMA:14272 - galen:IntimaOfArtery - arterial intima - tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) - uberon - UBERON:0005740 - tunica intima of artery - + Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse. + regulation of presynapse organisation + regulation of presynapse structure + biological_process + regulation of presynapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0099174 + + regulation of presynapse organization + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A tunica intima that is part of a artery. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - arterial intima - EV:0100028 + regulation of presynapse organisation + GOC:mah - - - tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) - FMA:14272 + + + regulation of presynapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. - - - - BTO:0002010 - FMA:45635 - MESH:D063194 - tunica advetitia - tunica externa - uberon - UBERON:0005742 - - - adventitia - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg - + Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse. + regulation of postsynapse organisation + regulation of postsynapse structure + biological_process + regulation of postsynapse organization and biogenesis + GO:0099175 + + regulation of postsynapse organization + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. - + Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse. + GOC:ai + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - tunica advetitia - + + + regulation of postsynapse organisation + GOC:mah - - - tunica externa - FMA:45635 + + + regulation of postsynapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. - in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). - foramen - AAO:0010438 - TAO:0001736 - VHOG:0001760 - ZFA:0005386 - uberon - UBERON:0005744 - - bone foramen - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. + biological_process + GO:0099177 + regulation of trans-synaptic signaling - + - Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. - TAO:curator - - - - - in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). - FMA - - - - - foramen - ZFA:0005386 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - - + + - An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. - FMA:63871 - uberon - UBERON:0005764 - acellular membrane + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton. + dos + 2017-12-20T15:05:34Z + biological_process + GO:0099187 + presynaptic cytoskeleton organization - + - An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. - OBOL:automatic + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising cytoskeletal filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton. + dos + 2017-12-20T15:06:57Z + biological_process + GO:0099188 + + postsynaptic cytoskeleton organization + + + + + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising cytoskeletal filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. - this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. - - - - - AAO:0010596 - FMA:63872 - GAID:915 - NCIT:C13191 - UMLS:C0004799 - basement membrane of connective tissue - membrana basalis - uberon - basement membrane - UBERON:0005769 - basement membrane of epithelium + Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space. + biological_process + GO:0099500 + vesicle fusion to plasma membrane - - - - FMA - - - + - An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. - - - - - - - - - - - - - UMLS:C0004799 - ncithesaurus:Basement_Membrane - - - - - basement membrane of connective tissue - FMA:63872 - - - - - membrana basalis - - - - - - - basement membrane - FMA:63872 + Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + ISBN:0071120009 + PMID:18618940 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. - - - FMA:13087 - NCIT:C34027 - UMLS:C0506947 - aortic section - uberon - aortic segment - portion of aorta - segment of aorta - UBERON:0005800 - section of aorta + The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle. + secretory vesicle membrane + cellular_component + GO:0099501 + exocytic vesicle membrane - + - Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. - ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment - - - - - UMLS:C0506947 - ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment - - - - - aortic segment - FMA:13087 - - - - - segment of aorta - FMA:13087 + The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. - Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. - Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch - relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO] - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - - - AAO:0011029 - BTO:0004673 - EHDAA:402 - EMAPA:18606 - TAO:0000014 - VHOG:0000264 - XAO:0000051 - ZFA:0000014 - DA - aorta dorsalis - uberon - aortae dorsales - dorsal aorta root - dorsal aortae - dorsal aortic root - dorsal aortæ - UBERON:0005805 - - dorsal aorta - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray459.png + A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. + cellular_component + GO:0099503 + + secretory vesicle - + - The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. - - GO:0035907 - - - - - Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. - - - - - - Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000014 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch - BTO:0004673 - - - - - relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000014 - TAO - - - - - When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000264 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 - - - - - DA - ZFA:0000014 - - - - - aorta dorsalis - XAO:0000051 - - - - - - aortae dorsales - - - - - - - dorsal aorta root - VHOG:0000264 - - - - - dorsal aortae - - - - - - - dorsal aortic root - VHOG:0000264 - - - - - dorsal aortæ - - + A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. - - - - FMA:45628 - MESH:D011168 - NCIT:C33344 - UMLS:C0226727 - portal venous system - uberon - UBERON:0005806 - portal system + + + + + + + A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. + GO:0043205 + cellular_component + fibril + GO:0099512 + supramolecular fiber - + - In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. - - - - - - UMLS:C0226727 - ncithesaurus:Portal_Venous_System - - - - - portal venous system - FMA:45628 + A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term - - BIRNLEX:2665 - FMA:62420 - MA:0003080 - axial part of spinal cord - axial regional part of spinal cord - segment of spinal cord - uberon - spinal neuromeres - UBERON:0005844 - spinal cord segment + + + + + + + A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. + cellular_component + GO:0099513 + polymeric cytoskeletal fiber - - - axial part of spinal cord - BIRNLEX:2665 - - - - - axial regional part of spinal cord - BIRNLEX:2665 - - - - - segment of spinal cord - FMA:62420 - - - - - spinal neuromeres - TAO:0001332 - + + + A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region. - - FMA:256635 - MA:0003084 - neuronames:1656 - coccygeal segment of spinal cord - coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] - pars coccygea medullae spinalis - segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] - uberon - segmenta coccygea - UBERON:0005845 - for spinal cord segments, we treat coccygeal/caudal as synonyms - we only differentiate where bone is concerned - caudal segment of spinal cord + The transport of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along actin filaments. + tb + 2009-05-27T10:56:08Z + biological_process + GO:0099515 + actin filament-based transport - + - A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - coccygeal segment of spinal cord - FMA:256635 - - - - - coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] - FMA:256635 - - - - - pars coccygea medullae spinalis - FMA:256635 - FMA:TA - - - - - - segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] - FMA:256635 - FMA:TA - - - - - - segmenta coccygea - NeuroNames:1656 - + The transport of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along actin filaments. + GOC:dos + GOC:dph + GOC:mah + GOC:tb - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. - AEO:0000148 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 - EHDAA:8979 - mesenchyme condensation - uberon - UBERON:0005856 - developing mesenchymal condensation - - - - - - AEO - - - - - - cjm - - - - - + - - + + - - AEO-modified-relation - + + The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. + cytoskeletal fiber-based vesicle localization + vesicle cytoskeletal transport + biological_process + GO:0099518 + vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking + - + - A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. - AEO:0000148 + The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. + GOC:ecd + GOC:rl - + - mesenchyme condensation - EMAPA:25351 + cytoskeletal fiber-based vesicle localization + GOC:rl - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. - isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO - AEO:0000147 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 - EMAPA:32731 - VSAO:0000092 - XAO:0004022 - cartilage condensation - cartilagenous condensation - chondrogenic condensation - uberon - UBERON:0005863 - cartilaginous condensation + The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. + biological_process + GO:0099531 + + + presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission - - - - AEO - - - - - - - - - - - AEO - - - + - Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. - GO:curator - - - - - isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO - VSAO - - - - - cartilage condensation - EMAPA:25353 - - - - - cartilagenous condensation - EHDAA2:0003147 - - - - - chondrogenic condensation - VSAO:0000092 + The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - UBERON:0008714 - AEO:0000149 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003149 - pre muscle mass - premuscle mass - uberon - UBERON:0005865 - pre-muscle condensation + Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099536 + + + synaptic signaling - - - - - - - - - AEO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. - A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. - AEO:0000150 - EHDAA2:0003150 - EMAPA:32736 - pre-chondrogenic condensation - precartilage condensation - precartilagenous condensation - prechondrogenic condensation - uberon - UBERON:0005866 - pre-cartilage condensation - - - - - - AEO - - - - - - - - - - - AEO - - - + - A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. - AEO:0000150 - AEO:JB - - - - - A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. - + Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. - check develops_from - - - EHDAA2:0001061 - EHDAA:5871 - EMAPA:17355 - FMA:293051 - NCIT:C34204 - UMLS:C1512982 - uberon - mandibular process - mandibular swelling - prominentia mandibularis - UBERON:0005867 - - mandibular prominence + + + Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. + biological_process + GO:0099537 + + trans-synaptic signaling - + - The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010939 - - - - - UMLS:C1512982 - ncithesaurus:Mandibular_Prominence - - - - - mandibular process - - - - - - mandibular swelling - - - - - - prominentia mandibularis - - + Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. - - - - EHDAA2:0001070 - EHDAA:5877 - EMAPA:17359 - FMA:293049 - NCIT:C34206 - UMLS:C1513037 - embryonic maxillary process - maxillary process - maxillary process of embryo - uberon - prominentia maxilaris - UBERON:0005868 - - maxillary prominence - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png + Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide. + biological_process + GO:0099538 + + synaptic signaling via neuropeptide - + - The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0010940 - - - - - UMLS:C1513037 - ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Prominence - - - - - maxillary process - EHDAA2:0001070 - - - - - prominentia maxilaris - - + Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. - TODO - check - An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.[AAO] - Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occiptal condyle.[TAO] - - AAO:0010199 - BTO:0004675 - FMA:49187 - TAO:0001414 - XAO:0003173 - ZFA:0001414 - neuronames:2431 - basicranial region - occipital part of head - occipital region of head - uberon - back of head - UBERON:0005902 - occipital region + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft. + biological_process + GO:0099540 + + trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide - + - Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. - TAO:0001414 - UBERONREF:0000007 - - - - - An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010199 - AAO - AAO:EJS - - - - - Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occiptal condyle.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001414 - TAO - TAO:MAH - - - - - basicranial region - ZFA:0001414 - - - - - occipital part of head - FMA:49187 - - - - - occipital region of head - FMA:49187 - - - - - back of head - FMA:49187 + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. - - - EMAPA:16060 - FMA:9689 - MA:0000005 - uberon - UBERON:0005906 - See notes for serous membrane - serous sac + Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid. + biological_process + GO:0099541 + + trans-synaptic signaling by lipid - + - Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. - - FMA:9689 + Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. - FMA:69065 - endoderm-derived epithelium - endoepithelium - uberon - UBERON:0005911 - endo-epithelium - - - - - Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. - FMA:69065 - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - FMA:10483 - bone organ zone - uberon - UBERON:0005913 - zone of bone organ + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission. + biological_process + GO:0099546 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - FMA - - - - - bone organ zone - FMA:10483 + + + Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission. + GOC:dos + PMID:23083742 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. - Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] - - - - - AAO:0000963 - EMAPA:17214 - EMAPA:18043 - MA:0000308 - NCIT:C32172 - UMLS:C0222645 - VSAO:0000056 - XAO:0004011 - uberon - skeleton axiale - UBERON:0005944 - - - axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg + + + + + + + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099547 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission - + - Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. - - - - FMA:71221 - VSAO:0000056 - - - - - Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000056 - VSAO - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - UMLS:C0222645 - ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton - - - - - skeleton axiale - - + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. + GOC:dos - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - trabecula - trabecular cartilage - EFO:0003677 - TAO:0001321 - ZFA:0001321 - neurocranial trabeculae - uberon - UBERON:0005945 - - neurocranial trabecula + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099550 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - trabecula - ZFA:0001321 - - - - - - trabecular cartilage - ZFA:0001321 - - - - - neurocranial trabeculae - ZFA:0001321 - + + + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + - - + + - - + + - An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. - FMA:14141 - outflow part of atrium - uberon - UBERON:0005946 - outflow tract of atrium + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099551 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission - + - An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - outflow part of atrium - FMA:14141 + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. - infundibulum - - - EMAPA:37926 - FMA:7216 - NCIT:C61368 - UMLS:C1881209 - RVOT - conus arteriosus (infundibulum) - infundibulum of right ventricle - outflow tract of right ventricle - pulmonary conus - right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract - right ventricular outflow tract - uberon - arterial cone - conus arteriosus - pulmonary cone - pulmonary conus - UBERON:0005953 - outflow part of right ventricle + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099552 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - - - - - - - - - + - Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. - MP:0010428 - - - - - infundibulum - - - - - - EMAPA:37926 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1881209 - ncithesaurus:Infundibulum - - - - - RVOT - MP:0010428 - - - - - - conus arteriosus (infundibulum) - FMA:7216 - - - - - infundibulum of right ventricle - FMA:7216 - - - - - infundibulum of right ventricle - MP:0010428 - - - - - outflow tract of right ventricle - FMA:7216 - - - - - pulmonary conus - FMA:7216 - - - - - right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract - MP:0010428 - - - - - right ventricular outflow tract - MP:0010428 - - - - - arterial cone - MP:0010428 - - - - - conus arteriosus - MP:0010428 - - - - - pulmonary cone - MP:0010428 - - - - - pulmonary conus - MP:0010428 + Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. + GOC:dos + PMID:21531987 - + - + - + - + - + - + - Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. - - - EMAPA:37925 - FMA:9473 - LVOT - Sibson vestibule - aortic vestibule - heart left ventricle outflow tract - left ventricular outflow - left ventricular outflow tract - outflow tract of left ventricle - vestibulum aortae - uberon - UBERON:0005956 - - outflow part of left ventricle + Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. + cellular_component + GO:0099568 + + cytoplasmic region - + - Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. - MP:0010429 - - - - - EMAPA:37925 - MA:th - - - - - LVOT - MP:0010429 - - - - - - Sibson vestibule - MP:0010429 - - - - - aortic vestibule - FMA:9473 - - - - - aortic vestibule - MP:0010429 - - - - - heart left ventricle outflow tract - MP:0010429 - - - - - left ventricular outflow - FMA:9473 - - - - - left ventricular outflow tract - HP:0011103 - - - - - outflow tract of left ventricle - FMA:9473 - - - - - vestibulum aortae - FMA:9473 - FMA:TA - + Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + - + - Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. - FMA:9550 - main part of right atrium - outflow tract of right atrium - uberon - UBERON:0005965 - outflow part of right atrium + The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. + cellular_component + GO:0099569 + + presynaptic cytoskeleton - + - Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. - FMA:9550 - FMA:FMA - - - - - main part of right atrium - FMA:9550 - - - - - outflow tract of right atrium - FMA:9550 + The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - + - + - + - An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. - FMA:9551 - main part of left atrium - outflow tract of left atrium - uberon - UBERON:0005966 - outflow part of left atrium + The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse. + cellular_component + GO:0099571 + + postsynaptic cytoskeleton - + - An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - main part of left atrium - FMA:9551 - - - - - outflow tract of left atrium - FMA:9551 + The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse. + GOC:dos + PMID:19889835 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The laminar structure of the heart. - uberon - UBERON:0005983 - - - heart layer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099574 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission - + - The laminar structure of the heart. - MP:0010545 + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. - TODO - change relation from part_of - - MESH:D003331 - uberon - UBERON:0005985 - - coronary vessel + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse. + biological_process + GO:0099575 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of protein catabolic process at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission - + - Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. - MP:0010551 + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. - EMAPA:37432 - ZFA:0005810 - atrial trabecula - atrium myocardial trabeculae - trabecula of atrium - trabecular layer of atrium - trabecular layer of the atrium - uberon - UBERON:0005988 - - atrium myocardial trabecula + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a postsynapse. + biological_process + GO:0099576 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. - MP:0010581 - ZFA:0005810 - - - - - EMAPA:37432 - MA:th - - - - - atrium myocardial trabeculae - MP:0010581 - - - - - - trabecular layer of the atrium - ZFA:0005810 + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a postsynapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. - - - EMAPA:37431 - FMA:7136 - membranous atrioventricular septum - uberon - UBERON:0005989 - - atrioventricular septum + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. + biological_process + GO:0099577 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. - MP:0010592 - - - - - EMAPA:37431 - MA:th - - - - - membranous atrioventricular septum - FMA:7136 + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. - - EHDAA2:0002208 - EMAPA:16207 - uberon - UBERON:0006002 - - Development notes:; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult[MP:0010664] - vitelline artery - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse. + biological_process + GO:0099578 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission - - - - - - - - - ventral branch - - - + - The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. - - MP:0010664 + Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse. + GOC:dos - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. - add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. - the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] - - EMAPA:37883 - body hair or bristle - uberon - adnexae cutis - skin adnexa - skin adnexal structure - skin appendage - UBERON:0006003 - - integumentary adnexa + + + + + + + A process in which protein is transported from one region of the plasma membrane to another. + biological_process + GO:0099632 + protein transport within plasma membrane - + - Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. - - - - - - - the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] - MP:0010678 - - - - - EMAPA:37883 - MA:th - - - - - body hair or bristle - GO:GO - - - - - adnexae cutis - - - - - - - skin adnexa - - - - - - skin appendage - + A process in which protein is transported from one region of the plasma membrane to another. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + - - + + - uberon - UBERON:0006056 - posterior surface of head + + + + + + + The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections. + axonal protein transport + biological_process + GO:0099640 + + axo-dendritic protein transport + + + + The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections. + ISBN:0815316194 + - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - A bone that is part of a post-anal tail. - MA has distinct classes for 'tail bone', 'caudal vertebra' and 'coccygeal vertebra' but these may all be equivalent. This class may be obsoleted in future. - EMAPA:18042 - MA:0000696 - uberon - tail bone - tail vertebra - UBERON:0006068 - - bone of tail - - - - - A bone that is part of a post-anal tail. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA has distinct classes for 'tail bone', 'caudal vertebra' and 'coccygeal vertebra' but these may all be equivalent. This class may be obsoleted in future. - MA - - - - - tail bone - MA:0000696 - - - - - tail vertebra - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - Subdivision of an organism along anterior-posterior axis that is the posteriormost region, extending past the anus (or cloaca, if present), consisting of a tail in some fully formed chordates (or a tail bud in embryos). In animals that have a sacral region, this is the region immediately posterior to this. - This region is reduced in humans and corresponds to the coccyx - We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud - XAO:0000087 - uberon - post-anal caudal region - post-anal tail region - postsacral region - tail region - UBERON:0006071 - caudal region + Any signal release from a synapse. + biological_process + GO:0099643 + + signal release from synapse - + - Subdivision of an organism along anterior-posterior axis that is the posteriormost region, extending past the anus (or cloaca, if present), consisting of a tail in some fully formed chordates (or a tail bud in embryos). In animals that have a sacral region, this is the region immediately posterior to this. - - - - - - We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud - XAO - - - - - post-anal caudal region - - - - - - post-anal tail region - - - - - - postsacral region - AAO:0000082 - - - - - tail region - AAO:0000082 + Any signal release from a synapse. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - + - That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. - Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.[AAO] - - - AAO:0000092 - BTO:0004148 - EHDAA2:0000238 - EHDAA:5051 - EMAPA:17215 - FMA:24138 - MA:0003154 - NCIT:C69313 - UMLS:C0728985 - axial skeleton cervical region - cervical skeleton - cervical spinal column - cervical spine - cervical vertebrae series - cervical vertebral column - uberon - skeletal system of neck - UBERON:0006072 - - cervical region of vertebral column + The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. + perimembrane region + cellular_component + GO:0099738 + + cell cortex region - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. - - - - - - Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000092 - AAO - AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 - - - - - UMLS:C0728985 - ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spine - - - - - axial skeleton cervical region - MA:0003154 - - - - - cervical skeleton - EHDAA2:0000238 - - - - - cervical spinal column - FMA:24138 - - - - - cervical spine - FMA:24138 - - - - - cervical vertebral column - FMA:24138 - - - - - skeletal system of neck - FMA:24138 + The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. + GOC:dos - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. - Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] - - - AAO:0000612 - BTO:0004150 - EHDAA:5063 - EMAPA:17396 - FMA:9140 - MA:0003155 - NCIT:C69315 - UMLS:C0581269 - axial skeleton thoracic region - columna vertebralis thoracicus - thoracic spine - thoracic vertebrae series - thoracic vertebral column - uberon - UBERON:0006073 - - thoracic region of vertebral column + Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction. + cjm + 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z + biological_process + GO:0100001 + regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. - - - - - - Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000612 - AAO - AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 - - - - - UMLS:C0581269 - ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine - - - - - axial skeleton thoracic region - MA:0003155 - - - - - columna vertebralis thoracicus - FMA:9140 - - - - - thoracic spine - FMA:9140 - - - - - thoracic vertebral column - FMA:9140 + Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction. + GOC:cjm + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae. - Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO] - in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region - AAO:0000082 - EMAPA:18043 - MA:0003158 - axial skeleton tail region - caudal skeleton - caudal vertebrae series - uberon - caudal region - postsacral region - tail region - UBERON:0006076 - caudal region of vertebral column + The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + biological_process + GO:0101023 + vascular endothelial cell proliferation - + - Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae. - UBERONREF:0000006 - - - - - Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000082 - AAO - AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 - - - - - in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region - AAO - - - - - axial skeleton tail region - MA:0003158 - - - - - caudal skeleton - UBERONREF:0000006 - - - - - caudal vertebrae series - - - - - - caudal region - AAO:0000082 - - - - - postsacral region - AAO:0000082 - - - - - tail region - AAO:0000082 + The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:nc + PMID:23201774 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. - FMA:16201 - subdivision of vertebral skeleton - vertebrae series - vertebral column subdivision - vertebral series - uberon - vertebral region - vertebral subdivision - UBERON:0006077 - - subdivision of vertebral column + A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitosis. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19949 + nuclear membrane organization involved in mitotic nuclear division + biological_process + GO:0101024 + This process only occurs in organisms which undergo 'closed mitosis' without nuclear breakdown. + mitotic nuclear membrane organization - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. - - - - - - subdivision of vertebral skeleton - - - - - - vertebral column subdivision - FMA:16201 + A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitosis. + GOC:vw + PMID:15147872 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. - UBERON:0005999 - - CALOHA:TS-2409 - EHDAA2:0000136 - EHDAA:2592 - EMAPA:16827 - VHOG:0000502 - aortico-pulmonary septum - aorticopulmonary septum - septum aorticopulmonale - uberon - aortic septum - spiral septum - UBERON:0006207 - - - aortico-pulmonary spiral septum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray470.png + The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. + biological_process + GO:0101025 + nuclear membrane biogenesis - - - - - - - - - EMAPA - - - - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. - - MP:0010650 - - - - - aortico-pulmonary septum - - - - - - aorticopulmonary septum - - - - - - septum aorticopulmonale - - - - - - - aortic septum - - - - - - spiral septum - + The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. + GOC:vw - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. - - - EHDAA2:0000189 - EHDAA:536 - EMAPA:16259 - FMA:313607 - VHOG:0000380 - uberon - oral membrane - oral plate - oropharyngeal membrane - pharyngeal membrane - UBERON:0006211 - - - buccopharyngeal membrane - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a neuron, e.g. an axon, or a dendrite. + hjd + 2017-06-23T18:30:18Z + biological_process + GO:0106027 + neuron projection organization - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. - MP:0012521 - - - - - oral membrane - MP:0012521 - - - - - oral plate - MP:0012521 - - - - - oropharyngeal membrane - - - - - - pharyngeal membrane - MP:0012521 - + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a neuron, e.g. an axon, or a dendrite. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:11585923 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EHDAA:1267 - EMAPA:16342 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000268 - uberon - UBERON:0006218 - - common atrial chamber + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. + hjd + 2019-06-27T15:12:22Z + biological_process + GO:0106214 + regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. + GOC:se + PMID:26195667 + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - consider obsoleting, the ethmoid is endochondral? - EHDAA2:0000456 - EHDAA:8363 - EMAPA:18023 - FMA:312597 - uberon - UBERON:0006227 - - ethmoid bone primordium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fustion with Golgi apparatus. + hjd + 2019-06-27T15:17:17Z + biological_process + GO:0106215 + negative regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fustion with Golgi apparatus. + GOC:se + PMID:26195667 - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - AAO - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. + hjd + 2019-06-27T15:20:59Z + biological_process + GO:0106216 + positive regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus + - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. + GOC:se + PMID:26195667 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, disassembly or arrangement of constituent parts of the basement membrane. + kmv + biological_process + GO:0110011 + regulation of basement membrane organization + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, disassembly or arrangement of constituent parts of the basement membrane. + GOC:ha + PMID:27404358 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. + kmv + 2017-06-20T19:28:58Z + biological_process + GO:0110020 + regulation of actomyosin structure organization + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. + GOC:lf + PMID:22790195 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000569 - EHDAA:526 - EMAPA:16363 - VHOG:0000291 - uberon - UBERON:0006235 - - foregut-midgut junction + The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. + kmv + 2017-06-29T14:35:24Z + biological_process + GO:0110021 + cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation - + - An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000291 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:26512644 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - EHDAA2:0000577 - EHDAA:9540 - EMAPA:18017 - FMA:312589 - frontal bone primordium - uberon - UBERON:0006236 - - tetrapod frontal bone primordium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + kmv + 2017-06-29T15:11:47Z + biological_process + GO:0110022 + regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation - - - frontal bone primordium - EHDAA2:0000577 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:26512644 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - The embryonic precursor of the brain. - The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) - BAMS:Enc - BTO:0004726 - EFO:0003431 - EHDAA:300 - EHDAA:830 - EMAPA:16089 - FMA:312967 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 - TAO:0000146 - ZFA:0000146 - brain rudiment - presumptive brain - encephalon - uberon - embryonic brain - UBERON:0006238 - - - - - future brain + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + kmv + 2017-06-29T15:18:30Z + biological_process + GO:0110023 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation - + - The embryonic precursor of the brain. - NLX:94995 - - - - - The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) - - - - - - brain rudiment - TAO:0000146 - - - - - presumptive brain - ZFA:0000146 - - - - - encephalon - NLX:94995 - - - - - embryonic brain - BTO:0004726 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:26512644 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. - The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. - EHDAA2:0000593 - EHDAA:4118 - EMAPA:25035 - uberon - cranial derivative of septum transversum - cranial part of septum transversum - UBERON:0006239 - - future central tendon + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + kmv + 2017-06-29T15:24:16Z + biological_process + GO:0110024 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - mesenchyme - cranial part - Wikipedia - - - + - A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - cranial derivative of septum transversum - - - - - - cranial part of septum transversum - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:26512644 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EFO:0003438 - EHDAA2:0000674 - EHDAA:898 - EMAPA:16092 - EMAPA:16755 - TAO:0000417 - ZFA:0000417 - presumptive spinal cord - presumptive spinal cord neural keel - presumptive spinal cord neural plate - presumptive spinal cord neural rod - uberon - UBERON:0006241 - - - future spinal cord + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization. + kmv + 2017-09-20T19:52:57Z + biological_process + GO:0110053 + regulation of actin filament organization + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - presumptive spinal cord - ZFA:0000417 - - - - - presumptive spinal cord neural keel - TAO:0000417 - - - - - presumptive spinal cord neural plate - TAO:0000417 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - presumptive spinal cord neural rod - TAO:0000417 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization. + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. - EHDAA2:0000700 - EHDAA:3047 - EMAPA:16713 - XAO:0004205 - gall bladder primordium - uberon - UBERON:0006242 - - gallbladder primordium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + kmv + 2017-10-23T14:32:09Z + biological_process + GO:0110057 + regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - EMAPA - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. - ISBN:0815318960 - XAO:0004205 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:23072816 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. - EHDAA:534 - EMAPA:16258 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 - VHOG:0000592 - uberon - UBERON:0006264 - - mouth-foregut junction + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + kmv + 2017-10-23T14:38:19Z + biological_process + GO:0110058 + positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation - + - An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:23072816 - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. - TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB - The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] - - EHDAA2:0001278 - EHDAA:264 - EMAPA:16101 - NCIT:C34231 - UMLS:C1518429 - VHOG:0001212 - uberon - UBERON:0006267 - - notochordal plate + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + kmv + 2017-10-23T14:47:29Z + biological_process + GO:0110059 + negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. - VHOG:0001212 - - - - - The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001212 - VHOG - - - - - - UMLS:C1518429 - ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Plate + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:23072816 - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. - - EHDAA2:0001279 - EHDAA:224 - EMAPA:16102 - FMA:293135 - NCIT:C34232 - UMLS:C1518430 - VHOG:0001213 - uberon - chordamesoderm - presumptive notochord - UBERON:0006268 - - The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. - notochordal process + A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in extracellular vesicles between cells; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the extracellular vesicle membrane. + kmv + 2018-01-29T14:46:52Z + biological_process + GO:0110077 + vesicle-mediated intercellular transport - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. - - - - - - UMLS:C1518430 - ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Process + A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in extracellular vesicles between cells; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the extracellular vesicle membrane. + GOC:sp + PMID:29328915 + PMID:29328916 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. - - EHDAA2:0001328 - EHDAA:10648 - EMAPA:18717 - uberon - UBERON:0006271 - - orbital fissure + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + kmv + 2018-07-05T14:10:14Z + biological_process + GO:0110110 + positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis + + + + - + - - - - - - - EMAPA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + GOC:kmv - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. - Each of the canal that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. [ISBN:0124020607][VHOG] - - EHDAA2:0001481 - EHDAA:4128 - EMAPA:17704 - EMAPA:17707 - VHOG:0001505 - uberon - pleuroperitoneal channel - UBERON:0006279 - - pleuroperitoneal canal + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + kmv + 2018-07-05T14:25:21Z + biological_process + GO:0110111 + negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis + + + + - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. - ISBN:0124020607 - VHOG:0001505 - - - - - Each of the canal that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. [ISBN:0124020607][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001505 - VHOG - - - - - - pleuroperitoneal channel - VHOG:0001505 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + GOC:kmv - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. - UBERON:0010226 - embryonic ventricle - - - EHDAA2:0001531 - EMAPA:16350 - FMA:71006 - NCIT:C34160 - TAO:0002231 - ZFA:0001719 - early heart ventricle - embryonic heart ventricle - future heart ventricle - presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube - primitive ventricle - primitive ventricle of heart - primordial cardiac ventricle - primordial ventricle - uberon - UBERON:0006283 - The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP] - future cardiac ventricle + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + kmv + 2018-07-06T18:53:55Z + biological_process + GO:0110112 + + regulation of lipid transporter activity + + + + - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - - - - - - - EMAPA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. - ZFA:0001719 - - - - - presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube - ZFA:0001719 - - - - - primitive ventricle - EHDAA2:0001531 - - - - - primitive ventricle of heart - EMAPA:16350 - - - - - primordial cardiac ventricle - FMA:71006 - - - - - primordial ventricle - FMA:71006 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:27365390 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. - check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme - UBERON:0009750 - EHDAA2:0001904 - EHDAA:3003 - EMAPA:18535 - XAO:0000326 - spleen mesenchyme - splenic mesenchyme - splenic primordium - left spleen primordium - uberon - UBERON:0006293 - - spleen primordium + + Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + kmv + 2018-07-06T19:14:13Z + biological_process + GO:0110113 + + positive regulation of lipid transporter activity + + + + - - - - XAO - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-modified - - - + - - - - - - - XAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. - ISBN:0123747295 - MP:0011263 - - - - - check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme - EMAPA - - - - - spleen mesenchyme - MP:0011263 - - - - - splenic mesenchyme - - - - - - splenic primordium - EHDAA2:0001904 - - - - - left spleen primordium - XAO:0000326 + Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:27365390 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EHDAA:924 - EMAPA:16663 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 - trigeminal V preganglion - uberon - trigeminal preganglion - UBERON:0006304 - - See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/13 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 -- consider merging into trigeminal ganglion, as this complicates the model - future trigeminal ganglion + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + kmv + 2018-07-06T19:21:44Z + biological_process + GO:0110114 + + negative regulation of lipid transporter activity + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - trigeminal V preganglion - EMAPA:16663 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - trigeminal preganglion - EMAPA:16663 + + + Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:27365390 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. - - - BTO:0002085 - EMAPA:37529 - FMA:58071 - MA:0002459 - NCIT:C32301 - UMLS:C0459556 - eye chamber - eyeball chamber - uberon - chamber of eye - UBERON:0006311 - chamber of eyeball + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + kmv + 2018-07-16T18:08:49Z + biological_process + GO:0110116 + regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. - - - - - - EMAPA:37529 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C0459556 - ncithesaurus:Chamber_of_the_Eye - - - - - eye chamber - MA:0002459 - - - - - eyeball chamber - FMA:58071 - - - - - chamber of eye - BTO:0002085 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + GOC:ha + PMID:16377567 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. - ocular refraction - MA:0001911 - uberon - UBERON:0006312 - ocular refractive media + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + kmv + 2018-07-16T18:13:28Z + biological_process + GO:0110117 + positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + GOC:ha + PMID:16377567 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. - fluid - - BIRNLEX:20 - EMAPA:37441 - FMA:280556 - GAID:266 - MESH:D001826 - galen:BodyFluid - body fluid - uberon - UBERON:0006314 - - bodily fluid + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + kmv + 2018-07-16T18:15:52Z + biological_process + GO:0110118 + negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation - + - Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. - - MESH:A12.207 - - - - - EMAPA:37441 - MA:th + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. + GOC:ha + PMID:16377567 + + + + + + + + + + A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24200 + kmv + 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z + cellular_component + GO:0110165 + + + cellular anatomical entity + - - - body fluid - GAID:266 + + + A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. - EMAPA:32790 - MA:0000821 - uberon - brain stem nucleus - UBERON:0006331 - brainstem nucleus + A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13193 + krc + 2017-03-21T17:26:07Z + cellular_component + GO:0120025 + plasma membrane bounded cell projection - + - A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - brain stem nucleus - EMAPA:32790 + A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - 2 - + + - + + - - + + - An artery that connects two larger arteries. - - EMAPA:18598 - MA:0001938 - NCIT:C52851 - UMLS:C1707451 - uberon - UBERON:0006347 - Grouping for anterior and posterior - communicating artery + Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-24T23:56:08Z + eupodium + biological_process + GO:0120031 + plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly - + - An artery that connects two larger arteries. - ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery + Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. + GOC:krc - - - UMLS:C1707451 - ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery + + + eupodium + GOC:krc + GOC:rjd + PMID:10328951 + PMID:9096956 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. - MA:0002537 - skin fluid/secretion - uberon - skin fluid - skin substance - UBERON:0006535 - skin secretion + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-26T04:27:04Z + biological_process + GO:0120032 + regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly - + - A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - skin fluid/secretion - MA:0002537 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. - MA:0002510 - female reproductive system fluid/secretion - uberon - female reproductive system fluid - female reproductive system secretion - UBERON:0006537 - female reproductive gland secretion + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-26T04:34:31Z + biological_process + GO:0120033 + negative regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly - + - A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - female reproductive system fluid/secretion - MA:0002510 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. - - EMAPA:36550 - MA:0002533 - NCIT:C13722 - UMLS:C1514899 - uberon - respiratory system fluid - respiratory system secretion - UBERON:0006538 - respiratory system fluid/secretion + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-26T04:34:45Z + biological_process + GO:0120034 + positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly + + + + - - - A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. - OBOL:automatic + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - UMLS:C1514899 - ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System_Fluid_or_Secretion + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A tube that is part of a excretory system. - uberon - UBERON:0006555 - excretory tube + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-26T16:02:06Z + biological_process + GO:0120035 + regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization - + - A tube that is part of a excretory system. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. + GOC:krc - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. - currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. - branchial - pharyngeal - FBbt:00005380 - MAT:0000049 - MESH:D010614 - MIAA:0000049 - uberon - anterior part of foregut - pharyngeal tube - UBERON:0006562 - - - pharynx + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-26T16:07:02Z + biological_process + GO:0120036 + plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization - + - The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. - GO:0060465 + A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. - FMA:85030 - uberon - UBERON:0006563 - tunica media of pulmonary trunk + The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13298 + krc + 2017-04-28T23:39:37Z + biological_process + GO:0120039 + plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis - + - Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. - FMA:85030 - FMA:FMA + The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized. + GOC:krc - + - + - + - + - + - + + All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14472 + krc + 2017-11-01T18:58:12Z + cellular_component + GO:0120111 + neuron projection cytoplasm + + + + + All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. + GOC:ha + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. - - Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. - - EMAPA:17339 - FMA:9558 - MA:0002983 - left ventricular myocardium - myocardium of left ventricle - uberon - UBERON:0006566 - - left ventricle myocardium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15720 + krc + 2018-05-11T16:31:42Z + positive regulation of collagen breakdown + positive regulation of collagen catabolism + positive regulation of collagen degradation + up regulation of collagen catabolic process + up-regulation of collagen catabolic process + upregulation of collagen catabolic process + activation of collagen catabolic process + biological_process + GO:0120158 + positive regulation of collagen catabolic process - + - A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - - - Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. - FMA:9558 + + + positive regulation of collagen breakdown + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - left ventricular myocardium - FMA:9558 + positive regulation of collagen catabolism + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - myocardium of left ventricle - FMA:9558 + positive regulation of collagen degradation + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + up regulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + up-regulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + upregulation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb + + + + + activation of collagen catabolic process + GOC:dph + GOC:tb - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16000 + krc + 2019-05-20T22:34:00Z + biological_process + GO:0120178 + steroid hormone biosynthetic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. + GOC:krc + GOC:nln + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. - - Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. - - EMAPA:17342 - FMA:9535 - MA:0002984 - myocardium of right ventricle - right ventricular myocardium - uberon - UBERON:0006567 - - - right ventricle myocardium + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16012 + krc + 2018-07-14T00:19:32Z + negative regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:0120186 + negative regulation of protein localization to chromatin - + - A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. - - - - - - Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. - FMA:9535 - - - - - myocardium of right ventricle - FMA:9535 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + PMID:20889714 + PMID:29899453 - + - right ventricular myocardium - FMA:9535 + negative regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + GOC:krc - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. - FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs - - - - EMAPA:19159 - FMA:75383 - NCIT:C34245 - UMLS:C0821671 - linea pectinata canalis analis - pectinate line of anal canal - uberon - Hilton's 'white line' - dentate line - linea anocutanea - recto-anal junction - site of anal membrane - UBERON:0006574 - pectinate line - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Hemorrhoid.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16012 + krc + 2018-07-14T00:21:28Z + positive regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:0120187 + positive regulation of protein localization to chromatin - + - The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. - - - - - - FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0821671 - ncithesaurus:Pectinate_Line - - - - - linea pectinata canalis analis - FMA:75383 - FMA:TA - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + PMID:20889714 + PMID:29899453 - + - pectinate line of anal canal - FMA:75383 - - - - - Hilton's 'white line' - EMAPA:19159 - - - - - dentate line - - - - - - linea anocutanea - - - - - - - recto-anal junction - - - - - - site of anal membrane - EMAPA:19159 + positive regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + GOC:krc - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. - AAO:0000471 - EFO:0003437 - TAO:0000416 - ZFA:0000416 - uberon - UBERON:0006595 - - presumptive endoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16040 + krc + 2018-07-16T22:28:58Z + biological_process + GO:0120188 + regulation of bile acid secretion - + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:22767443 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - AAO:0000468 - EFO:0003439 - TAO:0000568 - ZFA:0000568 - future blood - uberon - UBERON:0006596 - - presumptive blood + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16040 + krc + 2018-07-16T22:36:17Z + biological_process + GO:0120189 + positive regulation of bile acid secretion + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:22767443 + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. - Consider merging with anlage - AAO:0000479 - TAO:0001116 - ZFA:0001116 - future structure - presumptive structures - uberon - UBERON:0006598 - presumptive structure + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16040 + krc + 2018-07-16T22:38:34Z + biological_process + GO:0120190 + negative regulation of bile acid secretion - + - Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. - GOC:CVS - GOC:YMB - ZFA:0001116 - - - - - presumptive structures - ZFA:0001116 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:rph + PMID:22767443 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. - AAO:0000470 - EFO:0003466 - TAO:0001376 - XAO:0004132 - ZFA:0001376 - uberon - presumptive epidermis - UBERON:0006601 - - presumptive ectoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18871 + krc + 2020-02-17T19:59:20Z + biological_process + GO:0120222 + regulation of blastocyst development - + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. - - - - - - presumptive epidermis - ZFA:0001376 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development. + GOC:krc + PMID:29593216 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. - AAO:0000476 - EFO:0003467 - TAO:0001377 - ZFA:0001377 - uberon - UBERON:0006603 - - presumptive mesoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition or modulates the distribution of coloring matter in an organism. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20524 + krc + 2021-02-09T19:37:35Z + biological_process + GO:0120305 + regulation of pigmentation - + - Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition or modulates the distribution of coloring matter in an organism. + GOC:krc - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. - currently this class conflates a generic layer of muscle and a specific layer found lining the digestive tract (the muscularis externa), typically composed of circular and longitudinal layers (although this varies) - - - An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length[BTO]. - typically smooth muscle, but there may be exceptions - in the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle. - - - - BTO:0004838 - UMLS:C0225358 - muscular layer - muscularis layer - tunica muscularis - uberon - muscular coat - muscularis - muscularis externa - muscularis propria - transverse muscular fibers - tunica externa - tunica muscularis - UBERON:0006660 - muscular coat + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endothelial tube. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22302 + krc + 2022-05-25T16:17:59Z + biological_process + GO:0120331 + endothelial tube formation - - - - FMA - - - + - A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. - - - - - - An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length[BTO]. - BTO:0004838 - - - - - UMLS:C0225358 - ncithesaurus:Muscle_Layer - - - - - muscular layer - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscularis layer - FMA:45634 - - - - - tunica muscularis - BTO:0004838 - - - - - - muscular coat - - - - - - muscularis externa - BTO:0004838 - - - - - muscularis propria - - - - - - transverse muscular fibers - - - - - - tunica externa - BTO:0004838 - - - - - tunica muscularis - + The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endothelial tube. + GOC:sl + PMID:23239824 - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. - In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG] - - - - EMAPA:17702 - FMA:58279 - NCIT:C34119 - UMLS:C0230162 - VHOG:0001399 - central tendon - centrum tendineum - centrum tendineum diaphragmatis - uberon - UBERON:0006670 - - central tendon of diaphragm + One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19910 + pg + 2017-03-23T09:40:00Z + meiosis + biological_process + GO:0140013 + + meiotic nuclear division - - - - - - - - - VHOG - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. - MGI:csmith - MP:0012061 - - - - - In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001399 - VHOG - - - - - - - UMLS:C0230162 - ncithesaurus:Central_Tendon_of_the_Diaphragm - - - - - central tendon - FMA:58279 - - - - - centrum tendineum - FMA:58279 - - - - - centrum tendineum diaphragmatis - FMA:58279 - FMA:TA - + One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. + PMID:9334324 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - - - + - An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. - FMA:70997 - epithelium surface - uberon - UBERON:0006677 - surface of epithelium + A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19910 + pg + 2017-03-23T14:44:23Z + mitosis + biological_process + GO:0140014 + + + mitotic nuclear division - + - An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium surface - FMA:70997 + A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. + ISBN:0198547684 - + - + - + - + - + - + - A vein that is part of a vertebral column. - - - EMAPA:18255 - FMA:76735 - MA:0002108 - vena spinalis - uberon - spinal branch - UBERON:0006686 - spinal vein + The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis. + pg + 2017-05-15T13:20:45Z + biological_process + GO:0140029 + + exocytic process - + - A vein that is part of a vertebral column. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vena spinalis - FMA:76735 - FMA:TA - + The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis. + Wikipedia:Exocytosis + + + + + + + + + The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other. + pg + 2017-06-27T09:58:51Z + biological_process + GO:0140056 + + organelle localization by membrane tethering + - - - spinal branch - FMA:76735 + + + The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other. + PMID:27875684 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 + pg + 2017-09-14T10:32:59Z + molecular_function + GO:0140096 + + + catalytic activity, acting on a protein + + + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. + GOC:molecular_function_refactoring + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 + pg + 2017-09-14T12:03:51Z + molecular_function + GO:0140097 + + + catalytic activity, acting on DNA + + + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA. + GOC:molecular_function_refactoring + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21612 + pg + 2017-09-14T12:05:21Z + molecular_function + GO:0140098 + + + catalytic activity, acting on RNA + + + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. + GOC:molecular_function_refactoring + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. - TODO - check neural vs vertebral canal; embryonic vs adult? - Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.[AAO] - - - - - AAO:0000693 - FMA:9680 - GAID:242 - NCIT:C33869 - NCIT:C34221 - UMLS:C0037922 - UMLS:C1522467 - uberon - c. vertebralis - foramen vertebrale - neural canal - spinal canal - spinal cavity - vertebral canal - UBERON:0006692 - - vertebral canal - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray82.png + Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 + pg + 2017-09-15T19:27:54Z + molecular_function + GO:0140103 + catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein - + - A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. - - - - - - - Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000693 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - UMLS:C0037922 - ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Canal - - - - - UMLS:C1522467 - ncithesaurus:Neural_Canal - - - - - c. vertebralis - - - - - - - foramen vertebrale - AAO:0000693 - - - - - neural canal - AAO:0000693 - - - - - spinal canal - AAO:0000693 - - - - - spinal cavity - + Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein. + GOC:molecular_function_refactoring + GOC:pdt + + + + + + + + The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14256 + pg + 2017-10-23T11:53:42Z + extracellular vesicle assembly + biological_process + GO:0140112 + extracellular vesicle biogenesis + - - - vertebral canal - + + + The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. + PMID:28736435 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. - - - EFO:0001403 - EMAPA:37835 - FMA:58342 - GAID:896 - MESH:D016850 - ZFA:0005570 - cornea limbus - corneal limbus - corneal-scleral limbus - corneoscleral junction - limbus corneae - sclerocorneal junction - sclerocorneal limbus - uberon - limbus corneae - UBERON:0006761 - - - - This location has parts such as blood vessels etc. See PMC2868485, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2695343 - corneo-scleral junction - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Limbus.png + Translation that occurs at the presynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/216 + pg + 2018-07-13T13:00:33Z + biological_process + GO:0140236 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + translation at presynapse - + - The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. - MP:0013477 - - - - - EMAPA:37835 - MA:th - - - - - corneal limbus - FMA:58342 - - - - - corneal limbus - GAID:896 - - - - - corneal-scleral limbus - - - - - - corneoscleral junction - GAID:896 - - - - - limbus corneae - - - - - - - sclerocorneal junction - FMA:58342 - - - - - sclerocorneal limbus - GAID:896 - - - - - limbus corneae - - + Translation that occurs at the presynapse. + PMID:27321671 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. - consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue - - - BTO:0002991 - NCIT:C43370 - NCIT:C45715 - UMLS:C0682578 - UMLS:C1708242 - uberon - UBERON:0006799 - glandular epithelium + + + + + + + Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/216 + pg + 2018-07-13T13:07:23Z + biological_process + GO:0140237 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission - + - An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. - - - - - - UMLS:C0682578 - ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelium - - - - - UMLS:C1708242 - ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelial_Tissue + Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. + PMID:27321671 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. - Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.[AAO] - relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] - cushions body organs - - AAO:0000027 - FMA:63897 - loose areolar connective tissue - uberon - areolar tissue - loose connective tissue - UBERON:0006815 - areolar connective tissue + Translation that occurs at the synapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T09:23:12Z + biological_process + GO:0140241 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + translation at synapse - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. - FMA:63897 - - - - - Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000027 - AAO - AAO:LAP - - - - - relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000027 - AAO - - - - - cushions body organs - AAO - - - - - loose areolar connective tissue - FMA:63897 - - - - - loose connective tissue - AAO:0000027 + Translation that occurs at the synapse. + PMID:23083742 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a trachea. - - FMA:7469 - lumen of cartilaginous trachea - tracheal lumen - uberon - UBERON:0006833 - lumen of trachea + Translation that occurs at the postsynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T09:26:27Z + biological_process + GO:0140242 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + translation at postsynapse - + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a trachea. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lumen of cartilaginous trachea - OBOL:automatic - - - - - tracheal lumen - FMA:7469 + Translation that occurs at the postsynapse. + PMID:20427644 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + @@ -154435,44151 +157615,222074 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - + + - A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. - uterus - FBbt:00004924 - TADS:0000421 - WBbt:0006760 - uberon - UBERON:0006834 - - uterus or analog + + + + + + + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T09:38:26Z + biological_process + GO:0140243 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at synapse - + - A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. - - - - - - uterus - FBbt:00004924 - + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. + PMID:20427644 - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. - - central vein - - - FMA:17544 - NCIT:C32281 - TAO:0005168 - ZFA:0005168 - terminal branch of hepatic vein - terminal hepatic venule - vena centralis (hepar) - uberon - UBERON:0006841 - - - central vein of liver + + + + + + + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T09:38:33Z + biological_process + GO:0140244 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at presynapse - + - Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. - ZFA:0005168 - - - - - central vein - ZFA:0005168 - - - - - terminal branch of hepatic vein - FMA:17544 - - - - - terminal hepatic venule - FMA:17544 - - - - - vena centralis (hepar) - FMA:17544 + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. + PMID:20427644 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - A furrow or an incomplete tube. - AEO:0000161 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003161 - uberon - groove - UBERON:0006846 - - surface groove + + + + + + + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T09:38:54Z + biological_process + GO:0140245 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation of translation at postsynapse - + - A furrow or an incomplete tube. - - AEO:0000161 - AEO:JB - - - - - groove - AEO:0000161 + Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse. + PMID:20427644 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. - this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future. - FBbt:00005756 - WBbt:0005773 - rectum - uberon - rectal part of digestive tract - terminal section of digestive tract - UBERON:0006866 - terminal part of digestive tract + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:12:51Z + biological_process + GO:0140246 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + protein catabolic process at synapse - + - The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. - - - - - - rectum - FBbt:00005756 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse. + PMID:17062563 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a organ. - FMA:74612 - organ vasculature - set of blood vessels of organ - uberon - UBERON:0006876 - - vasculature of organ + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/204 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:23:49Z + biological_process + GO:0140247 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + protein catabolic process at presynapse - + - A vasculature that is part of a organ. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - organ vasculature - FMA:74612 - - - - - set of blood vessels of organ - FMA:74612 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse. + PMID:27764673 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - - + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a liver. - the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check - EHDAA2:0003454 - EMAPA:35501 - FMA:73748 - hepatic vasculature - uberon - hepatic vascular element - liver vascular element - liver vascular system - UBERON:0006877 - - vasculature of liver + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/204 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:25:04Z + biological_process + GO:0140249 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + protein catabolic process at postsynapse - + - A vasculature that is part of a liver. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check - EHDAA2 - - - - - hepatic vasculature - FMA:73748 - - - - - hepatic vascular element - EMAPA:35501 - - - - - liver vascular element - EMAPA:35501 - - - - - liver vascular system - EHDAA2:0003454 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse. + PMID:17062563 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. - merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme - AAO:0011051 - EFO:0003337 - EFO:0003603 - EHDAA2:0001118 - EHDAA:655 - EMAPA:16099 - EMAPA_RETIRED:16270 - FMA:293859 - TAO:0000998 - VHOG:0000185 - XAO:0000053 - ZFA:0000998 - head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm - head mesenchyme from head mesoderm - head mesenchyme from mesoderm - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm - mesenchyme from head mesoderm - uberon - cranial mesoderm - head mesoderm - UBERON:0006904 - - - head mesenchyme from mesoderm - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - - - - - + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - XAO - + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/204 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:34:56Z + biological_process + GO:0140250 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation protein catabolic process at synapse + - + - A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - head mesenchyme from head mesoderm - EHDAA2:0001118 - - - - - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm - EHDAA:1057 - - - - - cranial mesoderm - UBERON:0005280 - - - - - head mesoderm - AAO:0011051 - UBERON:0005280 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse. + PMID:23083742 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. - EHDAA2:0001062 - EHDAA:5861 - EHDAA:5873 - EMAPA:17357 - mesenchyme of mandibular process - mesenchyme of mandibular prominence - uberon - UBERON:0006905 - mandibular process mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/204 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:35:39Z + biological_process + GO:0140251 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesenchyme of mandibular process - EMAPA:17357 - - - - - mesenchyme of mandibular prominence - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse. + PMID:27764673 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. - BTO:0000349 - EMAPA:32908 - FMA:45677 - digestive tract lumen - gut cavity - gut lumen - lumen of alimentary tract - lumen of digestive tract - lumen of gut - uberon - UBERON:0006909 - lumen of digestive tract + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse. + https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/204 + pg + 2018-07-15T10:35:56Z + biological_process + GO:0140252 + + Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. + regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse - + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - digestive tract lumen - - - - - - gut cavity - BTO:0000349 - - - - - gut lumen - FMA:45677 - - - - - lumen of alimentary tract - - - - - - lumen of digestive tract - - - - - - lumen of gut - FMA:45677 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse. + PMID:17062563 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a lip. - The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] - BTO:0004468 - TAO:0005334 - ZFA:0005334 - uberon - UBERON:0006913 - lip epithelium + A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15939 + pg + 2018-08-13T18:38:18Z + cell fusion + cell cell fusion + biological_process + GO:0140253 + cell-cell fusion - + - An epithelium that is part of a lip. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005334 - TAO - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12 + A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium. + Wikipedia:Cell_fusion - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. - FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium - - - - BTO:0002072 - NCIT:C12848 - UMLS:C0221909 - uberon - UBERON:0006914 - squamous epithelium + Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17073 + pg + 2019-04-01T10:41:38Z + Reactome:R-HSA-9662747 + Reactome:R-HSA-9662818 + molecular_function + protein carrier activity + protein transport chaperone + GO:0140318 + Examples of protein carriers include the soluble TIM chaperone complexes of S. cerevisiae Tim9-Tim10 and Tim8-Tim13, that provide a shuttle system between TOM and the membrane insertases TIM22 and SAM and, thus, ensure that precursors are kept in a translocation-competent conformation. + protein transporter activity - + - An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. - + Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location. + PMID:18706423 - - - FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium - FBbt + + + Reactome:R-HSA-9662747 + iRHOM2 transports ADAM17 from ER to the Golgi-network - + - UMLS:C0221909 - ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium + Reactome:R-HSA-9662818 + iRHOM2 transports ADAM17:Zn2+ from Golgi to the plasma membrane - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. - - - FMA:45563 - NCIT:C13180 - UMLS:C0836131 - epithelium stratificatum squamosum - uberon - UBERON:0006915 - - stratified squamous epithelium + + + + + + + The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. + pg + 2019-05-22T11:20:45Z + efflux + biological_process + GO:0140352 + export from cell - + - Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. - - FMA:45563 - - - - - UMLS:C0836131 - ncithesaurus:Stratified_Squamous_Epithelium - - - - - epithelium stratificatum squamosum - FMA:45563 + The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. + GOC:pg - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. - MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass - - BTO:0003635 - CALOHA:TS-1250 - EMAPA:35324 - MA:0001567 - NCIT:C49222 - UMLS:C1707950 - uberon - esophageal squamous epithelium - squamous epithelium of esophagus - squamous oesophageal epithelium - UBERON:0006920 - - esophagus squamous epithelium - - - - - A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass - MA - - - - - UMLS:C1707950 - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Squamous_Epithelium - - - - - esophageal squamous epithelium - OBOL:automatic - - - - - squamous epithelium of esophagus - OBOL:automatic - - - - - squamous oesophageal epithelium - MA:0001567 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. - EMAPA:35824 - MA:0001611 - uberon - UBERON:0006921 - - stomach squamous epithelium + + + + + + + The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. + pg + 2019-05-22T11:33:07Z + lipid efflux + biological_process + GO:0140353 + lipid export from cell - + - A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. + GOC:pg - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. - we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. - EMAPA:17623 - EMAPA:35814 - FMA:63458 - MA:0002784 - epithelium of gastric gland - uberon - gastric gland epithelium - UBERON:0006924 - - stomach glandular epithelium + The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. + pg + 2019-05-22T11:38:15Z + lipid uptake + biological_process + GO:0140354 + lipid import into cell - - - - FMA - - - + - A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - epithelium of gastric gland - FMA:63458 - - - - - gastric gland epithelium - FMA:63458 + The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. + GOC:pg - + - + - + - + - - + - + - Any gland that is part of the digestive system. - AAO:0000130 - BTO:0000345 - uberon - digestive gland - UBERON:0006925 - - digestive system gland + A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. + pg + 2020-09-09T05:12:38Z + nuclear complex + cellular_component + GO:0140513 + + nuclear protein-containing complex - + - Any gland that is part of the digestive system. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - digestive gland - BTO:0000345 + A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. + GOC:pg - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. - - FMA:64800 - NCIT:C13182 - UMLS:C0225337 - uberon - UBERON:0006929 - glandular columnar epithelium + The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20639 + pg + 2021-01-04T10:17:58Z + biological_process + GO:0140572 + vacuole fission - + - Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. - FMA:64800 - - - - - UMLS:C0225337 - ncithesaurus:Columnar_Epithelium + The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles. + PMID:19643199 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - FMA:66809 - uberon - UBERON:0006930 - glandular cuboidal epithelium + Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21402 + pg + 2021-05-11T06:31:07Z + molecular_function + GO:0140640 + catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid + + + + Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid. + GOC:pg + - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. - EMAPA:27167 - MA:0001614 - stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane - uberon - UBERON:0006931 - stomach glandular region mucosa + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21939 + pg + 2021-08-09T15:30:06Z + non-membrane-bounded organelle formation + non-membrane-enclosed organelle assembly + non-membrane-enclosed organelle formation + biological_process + GO:0140694 + non-membrane-bounded organelle assembly - + - Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. - - - - - - stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane - EMAPA:27167 + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle. + PMID:28225081 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. - - - - - CALOHA:TS-1246 - EMAPA:28880 - FMA:18626 - MA:0002991 - NCIT:C33638 - UMLS:C0737271 - interstitial tissue of ovary - ovarian stroma - ovary stroma - stroma of the ovary - stroma ovarica - uberon - stroma ovarii - UBERON:0006960 - - ovary stroma + The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22368 + pg + 2021-11-24T17:55:51Z + biological_process + ammonia excretion + GO:0140734 + ammonium excretion - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. - - - - - - UMLS:C0737271 - ncithesaurus:Stroma_of_the_Ovarian_Cortex - - - - - interstitial tissue of ovary - FMA:18626 - - - - - ovarian stroma - FMA:18626 - - - - - ovary stroma - MA:0002991 - - - - - stroma of the ovary - - - - - - stroma ovarica - FMA:18626 - - - - - stroma ovarii - - + The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell. + PMID:25740900 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. - EFO:0003709 - TAO:0005077 - ZFA:0005077 - uberon - UBERON:0006965 - - vascular cord + Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion. + pg + 2022-12-07T15:35:18Z + cellular detoxification of metal cation + biological_process + GO:0140961 + cellular detoxification of metal ion - + - The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. - GO:0072360 - ZFA:0005077 + Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion. + PMID:26729300 + PMID:33046888 + PMID:34442707 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A capillary that is part of the coronary system. - ZFA:0005813 - heart capillary - uberon - UBERON:0006966 - coronary capillary + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse. + bc + 2018-05-08T16:38:55Z + biological_process + GO:0150052 + + regulation of postsynapse assembly + + + + - + - - - - - - - ZFA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A capillary that is part of the coronary system. - - - - - - heart capillary - GO:0003248 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:16394100 + PMID:16672654 + PMID:28185854 - + - - - A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. - - BILA:0000010 - CARO:0001002 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003192 - FMA:24137 - NCIT:C34022 - UMLS:C1515977 - uberon - UBERON:0006984 - - Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. - anatomical surface + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways. + bc + 2018-07-23T10:31:58Z + biological_process + optic pathway development + visual pathway development + GO:0150063 + visual system development - - - - via morphological boundary in CARO - - - + - A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. - CARO:0001002 - - - - - UMLS:C1515977 - ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Surface + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GOC:krc + PMID:15004427 + PMID:20647017 + PMID:22632727 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. - consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm - review EHDAA2 placement - - AAO:0011021 - BILA:0000051 - EFO:0000315 - EHDAA2:0000214 - EHDAA:385 - FMA:293143 - VHOG:0001641 - XAO:0000235 - cardiogenic splanchnopleure - uberon - cardiac mesoderm - cardiogenic mesoderm - cardiogenic region - heart primordia - UBERON:0007005 - - - cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm + Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum. + bc + 2018-12-17T12:28:09Z + glia-neuron signaling + glia-neuron signalling + glia-neurone signaling + glia-neurone signalling + glial cell- neuron signalling + glial cell-neurone signalling + glial cell-neurone singaling + biological_process + GO:0150098 + glial cell-neuron signaling - + - The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. - - - XAO:0000235 - - - - - cardiogenic splanchnopleure - EHDAA2:0000214 - - - - - cardiac mesoderm - XAO:0000235 - - - - - cardiogenic mesoderm - - - - - - cardiogenic region - - - - - - heart primordia - XAO:0000235 + Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:14980203 + PMID:16144764 + PMID:16547515 + PMID:18685038 + PMID:27788368 + PMID:9459440 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - Organism at the cleavage stage. - BILA:0000058 - uberon - UBERON:0007010 - cleaving embryo + Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine. + bc + 2018-12-17T12:30:12Z + neuron-glia signaling + neuron-glia signalling + neuron-glial cell signalling + neurone-glia signaling + neurone-glia signalling + neurone-glial cell signaling + neurone-glial cell signalling + biological_process + GO:0150099 + neuron-glial cell signaling - + - Organism at the cleavage stage. - OBOL:automatic + Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:10195197 + PMID:10196584 + PMID:10377338 + PMID:10493741 + PMID:11356870 + PMID:11399439 + PMID:15252819 + PMID:27788368 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis - - - BILA:0000084 - NCIT:C34268 - UMLS:C1514442 - future digestive tract - future digestive tube - future gut - primitive gut - uberon - embryonic digestive tube - primordial digestive tube - primordial gut - UBERON:0007026 - presumptive gut + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction. + bc + 2019-06-11T11:00:18Z + biological_process + GO:0150105 + protein localization to cell-cell junction - - - The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis - NCBIBook:NBK10107 - - - - - UMLS:C1514442 - ncithesaurus:Primordial_Gut + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:26706435 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - BILA:0000142 - uberon - UBERON:0007037 - mechanosensory system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + bc + 2019-06-11T11:17:15Z + biological_process + GO:0150106 + regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:26706435 + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. - TAO:0007064 - XAO:0000024 - ZFA:0007064 - uberon - UBERON:0007098 - mandibular neural crest + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + bc + 2019-06-11T11:23:58Z + biological_process + GO:0150107 + positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. - ZFA:0007064 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + PMID:26706435 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. - note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis - - SPD:0000130 - TADS:0000147 - dorsal tube - heart - uberon - adult heart - UBERON:0007100 - - Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata - primary circulatory organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport. + bc + 2019-09-15T07:16:49Z + biological_process + GO:0150111 + regulation of transepithelial transport - - - - - - - - - GO uses blood circulation generically to include the haemolymphatic fluid of arthropods - - - + - A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. - GO:0007507 - - - - - dorsal tube - - - - - - heart - GO:0007507 - - - - - adult heart - FBbt:00003154 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport. + GOC:aruk + PMID:27593915 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Ganglion which is located in the trunk. - EFO:0000901 - MAT:0000344 - MIAA:0000344 - TAO:0001573 - ZFA:0001573 - body ganglion - trunk ganglia - uberon - UBERON:0007134 - - trunk ganglion + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + bc + 2019-11-21T13:53:34Z + negative regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell junction + biological_process + GO:0150119 + negative regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction - + - Ganglion which is located in the trunk. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - body ganglion - MAT:0000344 - - - - - trunk ganglia - ZFA:0001573 - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. - An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - EFO:0003497 - TAO:0000131 - ZFA:0000131 - uberon - presumptive central nervous system - UBERON:0007135 - - neural keel + The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components. + bc + 2019-12-08T11:12:13Z + biological_process + GO:0150146 + cell junction disassembly - + - An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 - - - - - An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000131 - TAO - ZFIN:curator - - - - - presumptive central nervous system - ZFA:0000131 + The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components. + GOC:aruk + PMID:25490267 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An embryonic structure that will either develop into a post-anal tail or recede into a vestigial remnant of the tail. - By the fourth week a clear tail is seen in the human embryo. It recedes after a few weeks and these tissues form what is commonly known as the tailbone (coccyx). - EMAPA:16748 - FMA:85540 - embryo tail - tail of embryo - uberon - embryonic tail - UBERON:0007144 - embryonic post-anal tail + The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components. + bc + 2019-12-08T11:16:14Z + biological_process + GO:0150147 + cell-cell junction disassembly - + - An embryonic structure that will either develop into a post-anal tail or recede into a vestigial remnant of the tail. - - - - - - embryo tail - FMA:85540 - - - - - tail of embryo - FMA:85540 - - - - - embryonic tail - FMA:85540 + The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components. + GOC:aruk + PMID:25490267 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. - EMAPA:18377 - FMA:54366 - midgut lumen - uberon - UBERON:0007147 - lumen of midgut + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. + rynl + 2022-07-07T16:49:26Z + somatosensory system development + biological_process + GO:0160038 + somatic sensory system development - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - midgut lumen - FMA:54366 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. + PMID:25832476 + PMID:31399790 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. - EMAPA:18396 - FMA:54367 - hindgut lumen - uberon - UBERON:0007148 - lumen of hindgut + The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23804 + rynl + 2022-08-17T00:36:44Z + biological_process + GO:0160043 + catecholamine secretion, neurotransmission - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - hindgut lumen - FMA:54367 + The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter. + PMID:10191060 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. - EMAPA:18836 - FMA:17357 - anal canal lumen - uberon - UBERON:0007158 - lumen of anal canal + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cordate pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18285 + rynl + 2023-08-29T21:05:28Z + biological_process + GO:0160093 + chordate pharynx development - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - anal canal lumen - FMA:17357 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cordate pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + PMID:23020903 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. - - EMAPA:18945 - FMA:18374 - colon lumen - uberon - colonic lumen - UBERON:0007159 - lumen of colon + Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. + bf + 2012-02-22T10:21:48Z + regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region + regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region + biological_process + GO:1900115 + extracellular regulation of signal transduction - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. - OBOL:automatic + Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:signaling - + - colon lumen - FMA:18374 + regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - - - colonic lumen - FMA:18374 + + + regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. - - - EMAPA:27395 - FMA:15657 - MA:0003196 - colonic lamina propria - lamina propria mucosae of colon - lamina propria of colonic mucosa - lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane - uberon - UBERON:0007177 - - lamina propria of mucosa of colon + Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. + bf + 2012-02-22T10:27:56Z + down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region + negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region + extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway + inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region + biological_process + GO:1900116 + extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction - + - A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. - OBOL:automatic + Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:signaling - + - colonic lamina propria - FMA:15657 + down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria mucosae of colon - FMA:15657 + down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria of colonic mucosa - FMA:15657 + downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane - FMA:15657 + negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway + GOC:bf + + + + + inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. - - BTO:0003157 - EMAPA:16133 - FMA:18149 - mesothelium of pericardium - pericardial mesothelium - serous pericardium mesothelium - uberon - UBERON:0007188 - mesothelium of serous pericardium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + pr + 2012-02-22T11:26:20Z + biological_process + GO:1900117 + regulation of execution phase of apoptosis - + - A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - mesothelium of pericardium - FMA:18149 - - - - - pericardial mesothelium - FMA:18149 - - - - - serous pericardium mesothelium - FMA:18149 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. - - - CALOHA:TS-0085 - FMA:21426 - bone marrow stroma - uberon - UBERON:0007195 - - stroma of bone marrow + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + pr + 2012-02-22T11:26:24Z + down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis + inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1900118 + negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - bone marrow stroma - FMA:21426 + down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. - - UBERON:0004102 - - - FMA:7393 - NCIT:C117875 - arbor tracheobronchialis - uberon - tracheobronchial system - UBERON:0007196 - - - - tracheobronchial tree + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + pr + 2012-02-22T11:26:27Z + up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis + activation of execution phase of apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1900119 + positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + + + + - + - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - arbor tracheobronchialis - FMA:7393 - FMA:TA - + up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - tracheobronchial system - HP:0005607 + + + up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. - uberon - UBERON:0007204 - brachiocephalic vasculature - - - - The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. - + + + upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of execution phase of apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. - EFO:0003572 - EHDAA2:0000735 - EMAPA:16169 - EMAPA:16271 - EMAPA_RETIRED:16271 - TAO:0000787 - ZFA:0000787 - head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest - head mesenchyme from neural crest - head neural crest derived mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0007213 - - - mesenchyme derived from head neural crest + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2012-02-23T01:09:21Z + regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + regulation of hyaluronan formation + regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + biological_process + GO:1900125 + regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - head mesenchyme from neural crest - EHDAA2:0000735 + regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. - EHDAA2:0002093 - EMAPA:16182 - TAO:0000999 - ZFA:0000999 - trunk mesenchyme from neural crest - trunk neural crest derived mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0007214 - - mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2012-02-23T01:09:29Z + down regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + down regulation of hyaluronan formation + down regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + down-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + down-regulation of hyaluronan formation + down-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + downregulation of hyaluronan anabolism + downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + downregulation of hyaluronan formation + downregulation of hyaluronan synthesis + inhibition of hyaluronan anabolism + inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthesis + inhibition of hyaluronan formation + inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis + negative regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + negative regulation of hyaluronan formation + negative regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1900126 + negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf - + - trunk mesenchyme from neural crest - EHDAA2:0002093 + down regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000031 - EHDAA:583 - EMAPA:16382 - VHOG:0000510 - ventral pharyngeal arch 1 - uberon - ventral mandibular arch - ventral visceral arch 1 - UBERON:0007237 - 1st arch mandibular component - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000510 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + + + down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - ventral pharyngeal arch 1 - VHOG:0000510 + down regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - ventral mandibular arch - VHOG:0000510 + + + down regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - ventral visceral arch 1 - VHOG:0000510 + + + down-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - relationship to palatoquadrate to be added - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000038 - EHDAA:595 - EMAPA:16388 - VHOG:0000511 - uberon - UBERON:0007238 - 1st arch maxillary component - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000511 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + + + down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - A tunica media that is part of a artery. - - - EMAPA:36294 - EV:0100029 - FMA:14273 - NCIT:C49321 - UMLS:C1710627 - arterial media - tunica media (arteriae) - uberon - UBERON:0007239 - tunica media of artery + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2012-02-23T01:09:33Z + activation of hyaluronan anabolism + activation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + activation of hyaluronan formation + activation of hyaluronan synthesis + positive regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + positive regulation of hyaluronan formation + positive regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + up regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + up regulation of hyaluronan formation + up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + up-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + up-regulation of hyaluronan formation + up-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + upregulation of hyaluronan anabolism + upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + upregulation of hyaluronan formation + upregulation of hyaluronan synthesis + activation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1900127 + positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process - + - A tunica media that is part of a artery. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf - - - UMLS:C1710627 - ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + activation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - arterial media - EV:0100029 + activation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica media (arteriae) - FMA:14273 + activation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. - - EMAPA:36295 - EV:0100030 - FMA:14274 - arterial adventitia - tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) - uberon - UBERON:0007240 - tunica adventitia of artery - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + activation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - arterial adventitia - EV:0100030 + positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) - FMA:14274 + positive regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hyaluronan anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hyaluronan formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hyaluronan synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. - - EMAPA:36310 - EV:0100034 - FMA:14355 - tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) - venous adventitia - uberon - UBERON:0007241 - tunica adventitia of vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + bf + 2012-03-12T01:23:44Z + regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + regulation of protein localization in nucleus + biological_process + GO:1900180 + regulation of protein localization to nucleus - + - A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) - FMA:14355 + regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - venous adventitia - EV:0100034 + regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A tunica intima that is part of a vein. - - EMAPA:36308 - EV:0100032 - FMA:14353 - tunica interna (intima)(venae) - venous intima - uberon - UBERON:0007242 - tunica intima of vein + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + bf + 2012-03-12T01:23:48Z + down regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + down regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + down regulation of protein localization in nucleus + down regulation of protein localization to nucleus + down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + down-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + down-regulation of protein localization in nucleus + down-regulation of protein localization to nucleus + downregulation of protein localisation to nucleus + downregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + downregulation of protein localization in nucleus + downregulation of protein localization to nucleus + negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + negative regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + negative regulation of protein localization in nucleus + inhibition of protein localisation to nucleus + inhibition of protein localization in cell nucleus + inhibition of protein localization in nucleus + inhibition of protein localization to nucleus + biological_process + GO:1900181 + negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus - + - A tunica intima that is part of a vein. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica interna (intima)(venae) - FMA:14353 + down regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - venous intima - EV:0100032 + down regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A tunica media that is part of a vein. - - EMAPA:36309 - EV:0100033 - FMA:14354 - tunica media (venae) - venous media - uberon - UBERON:0007243 - tunica media of vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + bf + 2012-03-12T01:23:52Z + activation of protein localization in nucleus + positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + positive regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + positive regulation of protein localization in nucleus + up regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + up regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + up regulation of protein localization in nucleus + up regulation of protein localization to nucleus + up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + up-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + up-regulation of protein localization in nucleus + up-regulation of protein localization to nucleus + upregulation of protein localisation to nucleus + upregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + upregulation of protein localization in nucleus + upregulation of protein localization to nucleus + activation of protein localisation to nucleus + activation of protein localization in cell nucleus + activation of protein localization to nucleus + biological_process + GO:1900182 + positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus - + - A tunica media that is part of a vein. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica media (venae) - FMA:14354 + activation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - venous media - EV:0100033 + positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in cell nucleus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to nucleus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. - FMA:256381 - FMA:84059 - uberon - cluster of neural nuclei - neural nuclei - nuclear complex - UBERON:0007245 - nuclear complex of neuraxis + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + kmv + 2012-03-19T09:41:18Z + biological_process + GO:1900193 + regulation of oocyte maturation - + - Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. - this class exists largely for consistency with the FMA. It is defined trivially with respect to the SOC. The class may be removed in future. - - FMA:72246 - superior olivary complex nucleus - uberon - UBERON:0007247 - - - nucleus of superior olivary complex + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + kmv + 2012-03-19T09:41:27Z + down regulation of oocyte maturation + down-regulation of oocyte maturation + downregulation of oocyte maturation + inhibition of oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1900194 + negative regulation of oocyte maturation - + - Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv - + - superior olivary complex nucleus - FMA:72246 + down regulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. - EHDAA2:0002070 - EHDAA:7082 - uberon - UBERON:0007267 - trachea pre-cartilage rings + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + kmv + 2012-03-19T09:41:35Z + up regulation of oocyte maturation + up-regulation of oocyte maturation + upregulation of oocyte maturation + activation of oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1900195 + positive regulation of oocyte maturation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv - - - A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - EFO:0003540 - TAO:0000563 - ZFA:0000563 - pectoral fin muscle - pectoral fin musculature - uberon - UBERON:0007269 - - pectoral appendage musculature + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + di + 2012-04-17T01:55:23Z + regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + biological_process + GO:1900376 + regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pectoral fin muscle - ZFA:0000563 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:di - - - pectoral fin musculature - ZFA:0000563 - + + + regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - Musculature that is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] - TAO:0000258 - ZFA:0000258 - pelvic fin musculature - uberon - UBERON:0007270 - pelvic appendage musculature + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + di + 2012-04-17T01:55:32Z + down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1900377 + negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:di - - - Musculature that is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000258 - TAO - TAO:curator + + + down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + + + down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + - pelvic fin musculature - ZFA:0000258 - + inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - TAO:0000207 - ZFA:0000207 - fin musculature - uberon - UBERON:0007271 - appendage musculature + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + di + 2012-04-17T01:55:41Z + activation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + activation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1900378 + positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process - + - Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:di - - - fin musculature - ZFA:0000207 - + + + activation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. - - VSAO:0005000 - uberon - cheiropterygium - UBERON:0007272 - pectoral appendage skeleton - - - - - - - - - - VSAO + + + positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. - VSAO:0005000 - VSAO:NI + + + up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - cheiropterygium - VSAO:0005000 - VSAO:NI + + + up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. - uberon - UBERON:0007273 - pelvic appendage skeleton + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. + bf + 2012-05-16T12:29:51Z + acetate ester metabolism + acetyl ester metabolic process + acetyl ester metabolism + biological_process + GO:1900619 + acetate ester metabolic process - - - - - - - - - VSAO + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. + GOC:TermGenie - - - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. - + + + acetate ester metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + acetyl ester metabolic process + CHEBI:47622 + + + + + acetyl ester metabolism + CHEBI:47622 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. - TODO - unify naming conventions - The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. - - BAMS:HB - CALOHA:TS-2118 - EFO:0003440 - EHDAA2:0001630 - FMA:295640 - TAO:0000569 - ZFA:0000569 - presumptive rhombencephalon - uberon - embryonic rhombencephalon - future hindbrain - rhombencephalon - UBERON:0007277 - - presumptive hindbrain + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. + bf + 2012-05-16T12:30:12Z + acetate ester anabolism + acetate ester biosynthesis + acetate ester formation + acetate ester synthesis + acetyl ester biosynthesis + acetyl ester biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1900620 + acetate ester biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - XAO-abduced - - - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:15042596 - - - The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. - + + + acetate ester anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. - NPX:PDR + + + acetate ester biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - presumptive rhombencephalon - ZFA:0000569 + acetate ester formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - embryonic rhombencephalon - CALOHA:TS-2118 + + + acetate ester synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - future hindbrain - + + + acetyl ester biosynthesis + CHEBI:47622 - - - rhombencephalon - EHDAA2:0001630 + + + acetyl ester biosynthetic process + CHEBI:47622 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. - TAO:0002234 - ZFA:0001722 - uberon - UBERON:0007278 - presumptive sinus venosus + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. + bf + 2012-07-12T04:05:09Z + carbohydrate derivative metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901135 + + + + + carbohydrate derivative metabolic process - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. - ZFA:0001722 + + + carbohydrate derivative metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. - Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] - TAO:0002233 - ZFA:0001724 - uberon - UBERON:0007280 - presumptive endocardium + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. + bf + 2012-07-12T04:05:31Z + carbohydrate derivative breakdown + carbohydrate derivative catabolism + carbohydrate derivative degradation + biological_process + GO:1901136 + carbohydrate derivative catabolic process - + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002233 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + carbohydrate derivative breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + carbohydrate derivative catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + carbohydrate derivative degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. - EFO:0003446 - TAO:0001187 - XAO:0004086 - ZFA:0001187 - presumptive MHB - presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary - uberon - UBERON:0007281 - - presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. + bf + 2012-07-12T04:05:39Z + carbohydrate derivative anabolism + carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis + carbohydrate derivative formation + carbohydrate derivative synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901137 + carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. - ZFA:0001187 + + + carbohydrate derivative anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - presumptive MHB - + carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary - ZFA:0001187 + carbohydrate derivative formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + carbohydrate derivative synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. - EFO:0003421 - TAO:0000053 - ZFA:0000053 - uberon - presumptive segmental plates - UBERON:0007282 - - presumptive segmental plate - - - - - + - - + + - - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - EDHAA2 - + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin. + + pm + 2012-07-13T12:32:40Z + insulin metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901142 + insulin metabolic process + - + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin. + GOC:TermGenie - - - presumptive segmental plates - ZFA:0000053 - + + + insulin metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. - consider merging - Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] - EFO:0003424 - TAO:0000063 - ZFA:0000063 - prospective neuroectoderm - prospective vegetal ectoderm - uberon - UBERON:0007284 - - presumptive neural plate + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin. + pm + 2012-07-13T12:33:03Z + insulin breakdown + insulin catabolism + insulin degradation + biological_process + GO:1901143 + insulin catabolic process - + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000063 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + insulin breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - prospective neuroectoderm - ZFA:0000063 + insulin catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - prospective vegetal ectoderm - ZFA:0000063 + insulin degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - + - The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. - EFO:0003443 - TAO:0000591 - XAO:0004134 - ZFA:0000591 - future paraxial mesenchyme - future paraxial mesoderm - uberon - UBERON:0007285 - - presumptive paraxial mesoderm + Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. + bf + 2012-07-16T03:29:30Z + expression of extracellular matrix proteins + biological_process + extracellular matrix protein production + GO:1901148 + gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. - - UBERON:cjm + Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pg + PMID:18668558 - + - future paraxial mesenchyme - UBERON:cjm + expression of extracellular matrix proteins + GOC:bf + + + + + extracellular matrix protein production + GOC:pg - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. - TAO:0005301 - ZFA:0005301 - pectoral fin blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0007300 - pectoral appendage blood vessel + The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. + bf + 2012-07-18T04:44:39Z + primary amino compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901160 + primary amino compound metabolic process - + - A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. + GOC:TermGenie - - - pectoral fin blood vessel - ZFA:0005301 - + + + primary amino compound metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. - TAO:0005299 - ZFA:0005299 - fin blood vessel - limb blood vessel - uberon - UBERON:0007301 - appendage blood vessel + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound. + bf + 2012-07-18T04:45:06Z + primary amino compound breakdown + primary amino compound catabolism + primary amino compound degradation + biological_process + GO:1901161 + primary amino compound catabolic process - + - A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound. + GOC:TermGenie - - - fin blood vessel - ZFA:0005299 - + + + primary amino compound breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - limb blood vessel - + + + primary amino compound catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + primary amino compound degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. - TAO:0005096 - ZFA:0005096 - pectoral fin vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0007302 - pectoral appendage vasculature + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. + bf + 2012-07-18T04:45:14Z + primary amino compound anabolism + primary amino compound biosynthesis + primary amino compound formation + primary amino compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901162 + primary amino compound biosynthetic process - + - A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. + GOC:TermGenie - - - pectoral fin vasculature - ZFA:0005096 - + + + primary amino compound anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + primary amino compound biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + primary amino compound formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + primary amino compound synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. - TAO:0005003 - ZFA:0005003 - branchial vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0007303 - pharyngeal vasculature + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + ss + 2012-07-25T02:26:58Z + regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + biological_process + GO:1901190 + regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex - + - A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + GOC:TermGenie - + - branchial vasculature - ZFA:0005003 + regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. - TAO:0005095 - ZFA:0005095 - fin vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0007304 - appendage vasculature + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + ss + 2012-07-25T02:27:21Z + down regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + down regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + down-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + down-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + downregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + downregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + inhibition of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + negative regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + inhibition of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + biological_process + GO:1901191 + negative regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + GOC:TermGenie - - - fin vasculature - ZFA:0005095 - + + + down regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. - TODO - check - - In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans - EMAPA:37710 - FMA:16012 - MA:0000721 - lobulus pancreaticus - pancreas lobe - pancreatic lobule - uberon - UBERON:0007324 - - pancreatic lobule - - - - A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. - ISBN:0123813611 + + + down regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37710 - MA:th + + + down-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - + - lobulus pancreaticus - FMA:16012 + down-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - pancreas lobe - MA:0000721 + downregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - + - pancreatic lobule - FMA:16012 + downregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. - this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts - - Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] - in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms - - - EHDAA:9194 - EMAPA:32952 - FMA:10419 - MA:0000124 - MESH:D010183 - TAO:0001372 - VHOG:0000254 - ZFA:0001372 - duct of pancreas - pancreas duct - uberon - ductus pancreaticus - UBERON:0007329 - - - - pancreatic duct - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + ss + 2012-07-25T02:27:29Z + activation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + positive regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + up regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + up regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + up-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + up-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + upregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + upregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + activation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + biological_process + GO:1901192 + positive regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex. + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - MA + + + activation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. - - - - - - GOC:cvs - GOC:ymb + + + positive regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000254 - VHOG - + + + up regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - - - These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000254 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + + + up regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - + - duct of pancreas - OBOL:accepted + up-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - pancreas duct - OBOL:accepted + upregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - - - ductus pancreaticus - - + + + upregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. - check subclasses to verify if they refer to a multi-tissue structure or a subdivision of the skeleton - - CALOHA:TS-2212 - roof of buccal cavity - roof of oral cavity - uberon - palate - palatum - primary or secondary palate - UBERON:0007375 - - roof of mouth + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + rl + 2012-07-27T04:04:00Z + biological_process + GO:1901201 + regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + + + + - - - A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - palatum - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. - this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. - - BSA:0000073 - BTO:0000313 - FBbt:00004993 - HAO:0000298 - TADS:0000109 - WBbt:0005733 - epidermis - epidermis (sensu Metazoa) - outer epidermal layer - outer epithelial layer - uberon - hypoderm - hypodermis - UBERON:0007376 - - outer epithelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + rl + 2012-07-27T04:04:24Z + down regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + down-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + downregulation of extracellular matrix assembly + inhibition of extracellular matrix assembly + biological_process + GO:1901202 + negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. - GO:0008544 + + + down regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - epidermis - GO:0008544 + down-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - hypoderm - BTO:0000313 - + + + downregulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - hypodermis - GO:0008544 - WBbt:0005733 - + + + inhibition of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. - Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] - Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. - EFO:0003425 - TAO:0000086 - ZFA:0000086 - EVL - enveloping layer - uberon - UBERON:0007383 - - enveloping layer of ectoderm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + rl + 2012-07-27T04:04:32Z + up regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + up-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + upregulation of extracellular matrix assembly + activation of extracellular matrix assembly + biological_process + GO:1901203 + positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000086 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + up regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000086 - TAO + + + up-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - EVL - ZFA:0000086 + upregulation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - enveloping layer - ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + activation of extracellular matrix assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. - Cartilage which is part of one of the paired fins.[TAO] - TAO:0001543 - ZFA:0001543 - uberon - UBERON:0007389 - - paired limb/fin cartilage + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + rl + 2012-07-31T07:18:35Z + regulation of heart chamber formation + biological_process + GO:1901210 + regulation of cardiac chamber formation - + - A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - Cartilage which is part of one of the paired fins.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001543 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. - Cartilage which is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO] - TAO:0000257 - ZFA:0000257 - uberon - pectoral fin cartilage - UBERON:0007390 - pectoral appendage cartilage tissue + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + rl + 2012-07-31T07:18:57Z + down regulation of cardiac chamber formation + down regulation of heart chamber formation + down-regulation of cardiac chamber formation + down-regulation of heart chamber formation + downregulation of cardiac chamber formation + downregulation of heart chamber formation + inhibition of heart chamber formation + negative regulation of heart chamber formation + inhibition of cardiac chamber formation + biological_process + GO:1901211 + negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation - + - A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - Cartilage which is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000257 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down regulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - pectoral fin cartilage - TAO:0000257 + + + down regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. - Cartilage which is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] - TAO:0001459 - ZFA:0001459 - uberon - pelvic fin cartilage - UBERON:0007391 - pelvic appendage cartilage tissue - - - - A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Cartilage which is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001459 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down-regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic fin cartilage - TAO:0001459 + + + downregulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. - this class groups together any nuclei in the tegmentum region, possibly including disparate structures across species - UBERON:0012277 - FMA:258768 - ZFA:0005577 - tegmental nuclei - tegmental nucleus - uberon - UBERON:0007414 - nucleus of midbrain tegmentum + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + rl + 2012-07-31T07:19:05Z + activation of heart chamber formation + positive regulation of heart chamber formation + up regulation of cardiac chamber formation + up regulation of heart chamber formation + up-regulation of cardiac chamber formation + up-regulation of heart chamber formation + upregulation of cardiac chamber formation + upregulation of heart chamber formation + activation of cardiac chamber formation + biological_process + GO:1901212 + positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - + - tegmental nuclei - + activation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - tegmental nucleus - ZFA:0005577 + positive regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of heart chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac chamber formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The space within an epithelial sphere. - AEO:0000079 - cavity of vesicle - uberon - UBERON:0007473 - lumen of epithelial sac + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + rl + 2012-08-06T17:59:11Z + regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1901219 + regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - The space within an epithelial sphere. - AEO:JB + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavity of vesicle - AEO:0000079 + regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. - AEO:0000081 - EHDAA2:0003081 - uberon - UBERON:0007475 - matrix-based tissue + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + rl + 2012-08-06T17:59:34Z + down regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + down regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + down-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + down-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + downregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + downregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + negative regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + inhibition of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + inhibition of heart chamber morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1901220 + negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis - + - A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. - AEO:JB + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. - AEO:0000115 - EHDAA2:0003115 - uberon - UBERON:0007499 - epithelial sac + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + rl + 2012-08-06T17:59:42Z + positive regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + up regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + up regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + up-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + up-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + upregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + upregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + activation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + activation of heart chamber morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1901221 + positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis - - - - AEO + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. - AEO:JB - UBERONREF:0000001 + + + positive regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. - AEO_RETIRED:0000116 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 - uberon - UBERON:0007500 - epithelial tube open at both ends - - - - - AEO + + + up regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. - AEO:JB - UBERONREF:0000001 + + + up regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - A closed epithelium with a lumen. - AEO:0000119 - EHDAA2:0003119 - uberon - UBERON:0007503 - epithelial vesicle - - - - - AEO + + + up-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - A closed epithelium with a lumen. - AEO:JB + + + up-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of heart chamber morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. - - AEO:0000143 - EHDAA2:0003143 - uberon - UBERON:0007521 - smooth muscle sphincter + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-08-08T08:58:34Z + biological_process + GO:1901246 + regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation - + - A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. - AEO:JB + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. - AEO:0000144 - EHDAA2:0003144 - uberon - UBERON:0007522 - striated muscle sphincter + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-08-08T08:58:58Z + down regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + down-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + downregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + inhibition of lung ciliated cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1901247 + negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. - AEO:JB + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. - AEO:0000146 - EHDAA2:0003146 - uberon - UBERON:0007524 - dense mesenchyme tissue - - - - - AEO + + + down regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - AEO + + + down-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. - AEO:JB + + + downregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. - this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization - AEO:0000152 - EHDAA2:0003152 - uberon - UBERON:0007530 - migrating mesenchyme population + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-08-08T08:59:05Z + up regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + up-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + upregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + activation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1901248 + positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. - AEO:JB + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of lung ciliated cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. - In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system - Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] - FMA:64798 - uberon - UBERON:0007592 - ciliated columnar epithelium + The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + bf + 2012-08-16T14:51:22Z + biological_process + GO:1901264 + carbohydrate derivative transport - - - - FMA - - - + - Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. - FMA:64798 + The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. - uberon - UBERON:0007601 - ciliated epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + bf + 2012-09-06T09:16:15Z + biological_process + regulation of vascular system development + GO:1901342 + regulation of vasculature development - + - Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. - BTO:0001338 - CALOHA:TS-0998 - FMA:66762 - synovium - stratum synoviale - synovial layer - synovial membrane - uberon - synovial tissue - UBERON:0007616 - layer of synovial tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + bf + 2012-09-06T09:17:24Z + down regulation of vasculature development + down-regulation of vasculature development + downregulation of vasculature development + inhibition of vasculature development + biological_process + down regulation of vascular system development + down-regulation of vascular system development + downregulation of vascular system development + inhibition of vascular system development + negative regulation of vascular system development + GO:1901343 + negative regulation of vasculature development - - - - - - - - - BTO + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + GOC:TermGenie - - - A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. - - BTO:0001338 + + + down regulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - + - synovium - CALOHA:TS-0998 + down-regulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - - - stratum synoviale - FMA:TA + + + downregulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - + - synovial layer - FMA:66762 + inhibition of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - - - synovial membrane - FMA:66762 + + + down regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - + - synovial tissue - BTO:0001338 + down-regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. + bf + 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z + organic cyclic compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901360 + organic cyclic compound metabolic process + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic cyclic compound metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. - FMA:11356 - articular cavity (synovial joint) - cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) - cavity of synovial joint - uberon - joint cavity - synovial cavity - UBERON:0007617 - synovial cavity of joint + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. + bf + 2012-09-14T09:05:04Z + organic cyclic compound breakdown + organic cyclic compound catabolism + organic cyclic compound degradation + biological_process + GO:1901361 + organic cyclic compound catabolic process - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. + GOC:TermGenie - + - articular cavity (synovial joint) - FMA:11356 + organic cyclic compound breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) - FMA:11356 + organic cyclic compound catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavity of synovial joint - FMA:11356 - - - - - joint cavity - FMA:11356 - - - - - synovial cavity - FMA:11356 + organic cyclic compound degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. - GAID:907 - MESH:D010857 - uberon - eye pigment epithelium - UBERON:0007625 - - pigment epithelium of eye + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. + bf + 2012-09-14T09:05:22Z + organic cyclic compound anabolism + organic cyclic compound biosynthesis + organic cyclic compound formation + organic cyclic compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901362 + organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process - + - Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. - MP:0005200 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. + GOC:TermGenie - - - eye pigment epithelium - MESH:A09.371.670 + + + organic cyclic compound anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic cyclic compound biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic cyclic compound formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic cyclic compound synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. - - FMA:258772 - uberon - UBERON:0007635 - nucleus of medulla oblongata + The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + bf + 2012-09-28T10:42:13Z + biological_process + GO:1901374 + acetate ester transport - + - A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. - OBOL:automatic + The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. - in MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. - - - BIRNLEX:4096 - BM:V - CALOHA:TS-2077 - DHBA:266441713 - FMA:71248 - HBA:9203 - UMLS:C0040999 - neuronames:2021 - trigeminal nuclei - uberon - nuclei trigemini - UBERON:0007641 - trigeminal nuclear complex - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png + Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other. + bf + 2012-09-28T10:47:08Z + molecular_function + GO:1901375 + acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. - - - - - - in MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. - MA - - - - - UMLS:C0040999 - BIRNLEX:4096 - - - - - trigeminal nuclei - FMA:71248 - - - - - nuclei trigemini - - + Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - 2 - + + - An anatomical structure that connects two structures. - junction - - FMA:5898 - anatomical junction - uberon - UBERON:0007651 - - anatomical junction + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:34:03Z + regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901401 + regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process - - - - FMA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - An anatomical structure that connects two structures. - + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - - - - A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. - check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here - - uberon - UBERON:0007652 - esophageal sphincter + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:35:11Z + down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + biological_process + GO:1901402 + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process - + - A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. - field - - AEO:0000170 - EFO:0001649 - EHDAA2:0003170 - FBbt:00005426 - developmental field - uberon - future organ - organ field - UBERON:0007688 - - anlage - - - - - FBbt + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - AEO - FBbt + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. - - FBbt:00005426 + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - EFO:0003626 - EHDAA2:0001457 - EHDAA:962 - EMAPA:32754 - FMA:293087 - TAO:0001104 - ZFA:0001104 - early pharyngeal arch endoderm - uberon - pharyngeal arch endoderm - pharyngeal endoderm - pharyngeal region endoderm - UBERON:0007690 - - relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' - early pharyngeal endoderm + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:35:29Z + activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + biological_process + GO:1901403 + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - early pharyngeal arch endoderm - EHDAA2:0001457 + up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal endoderm - ZFA:0001104 + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal region endoderm - EHDAA2:0001456 + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. - - baculum - uberon - os penis/os clitoris - UBERON:0007719 - bone of reproductive organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:38:12Z + regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + biological_process + GO:1901404 + regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process - + - A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. - - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - - Wikipedia + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - A gland that is part of a epidermis. - FMA:59153 - epidermal gland - gland of epidermis - uberon - UBERON:0007771 - - epidermis gland + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:39:22Z + down regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + down regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + downregulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + downregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + inhibition of tetrapyrrole breakdown + inhibition of tetrapyrrole catabolism + inhibition of tetrapyrrole degradation + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + inhibition of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + biological_process + GO:1901405 + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process - + - A gland that is part of a epidermis. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - + - gland of epidermis - FMA:59153 + down regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. - transudative - characteristically low in protein and cellular content (unless there has been secondary concentration) - FMA:12276 - GAID:1195 - MESH:D005122 - ncithesaurus:Transudate - uberon - plasma ultrafiltrate - UBERON:0007779 - transudate + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + tt + 2012-10-01T14:39:40Z + activation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + activation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + activation of tetrapyrrole degradation + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + up regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + up regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + upregulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + upregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + upregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + upregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + activation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + biological_process + GO:1901406 + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process - + - Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any fluid produced by a serous gland. - serous fluid - - serosal fluid - serous gland fluid - uberon - UBERON:0007794 - secretion of serous gland + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:25:06Z + biological_process + GO:1901457 + regulation of response to acetate - + - Any fluid produced by a serous gland. - UBERON:cjm - - - - - serosal fluid - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. - consider merging with vasculature - The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. - in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system - - BTO:0001085 - CALOHA:TS-2053 - EHDAA2:0004520 - EMAPA:35905 - MA:0002718 - NCIT:C33854 - UMLS:C0489903 - uberon - UBERON:0007798 - - vascular system + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:26:15Z + down regulation of response to acetate + down-regulation of response to acetate + downregulation of response to acetate + inhibition of response to acetate + biological_process + GO:1901458 + negative regulation of response to acetate - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. - + + + down regulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - - - The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. - ncithesaurus:Vascular_System + + + down-regulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - - - in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system - MA + + + downregulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0489903 - ncithesaurus:Vascular_System + + + inhibition of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. - - - - CALOHA:TS-0002 - EFO:0003771 - uberon - abdominal adipose tissue - abdominal fat - intra-abdominal fat - UBERON:0007808 - - adipose tissue of abdominal region + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:26:34Z + up regulation of response to acetate + up-regulation of response to acetate + upregulation of response to acetate + activation of response to acetate + biological_process + GO:1901459 + positive regulation of response to acetate - + - Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. - - - CALOHA:paula - MGI:csmith + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - abdominal adipose tissue - BTO:0004041 + + + up regulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - - - abdominal fat - BTO:0004041 + + + up-regulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - - - intra-abdominal fat - BTO:0004041 + + + upregulation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of response to acetate + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. - - - CALOHA:TS-2356 - EV:0100009 - FMA:280881 - MA:0000006 - NCIT:C12418 - UMLS:C0460004 - WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck - galen:HeadAndNeck - uberon - cephalic area - cephalic part of animal - cephalic region - head and neck - head or neck - UBERON:0007811 - - craniocervical region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:34:14Z + regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901463 + regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process - - - - MA - - - + - The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - UMLS:C0460004 - ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck - - - - - cephalic area - + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - cephalic part of animal - + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - cephalic region - + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - head and neck - FMA:280881 + + + regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - A tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. - - Anatomical structure that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the organism.[AAO] - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the vent which includes the anal and caudal fins.[TAO] - present at some time in chordate life history (eg in Urochordates, present only in free-swimming larvae). Function: propellor locomotion (in some species) - - AAO:0010338 - EMAPA:16748 - MA:0000008 - NCIT:C77663 - TAO:0001117 - UMLS:C0039259 - XAO:0003026 - ZFA:0001117 - muscular postanal tail - postanal tail - post-anal fin tail - uberon - post-vent region - UBERON:0007812 - - - post-anal tail + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:35:26Z + down regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + down regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + down regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + downregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + downregulation of tetrapyrrole formation + downregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + inhibition of tetrapyrrole anabolism + inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + inhibition of tetrapyrrole formation + inhibition of tetrapyrrole synthesis + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1901464 + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - possible exception in hemichordates - cjm + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - A tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. - + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical structure that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the organism.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010338 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the vent which includes the anal and caudal fins.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001117 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0039259 - ncithesaurus:Tail + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - post-anal fin tail - - + + + down regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - post-vent region - TAO:0001117 + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). - this encompasses non-skeletal tissue - An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] - UBERON:0007824 - girdle - girdle region - EMAPA:37854 - FMA:24874 - VSAO:0000303 - uberon - fin girdle - fin girdle region - limb girdle - limb girdle region - UBERON:0007823 - appendage girdle region + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + tt + 2012-10-02T14:35:43Z + activation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + activation of tetrapyrrole formation + activation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + up regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + up regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + up regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + upregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + upregulation of tetrapyrrole formation + upregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:1901465 + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process - + - An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). - - UBERONREF:0000003 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mengo_curators - - - An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000303 - VSAO - + + + activation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37854 - MA:th + + + activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - fin girdle - + + + activation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - fin girdle region - + + + activation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - limb girdle - + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - limb girdle region - + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. - FMA:20570 - TAO:0005129 - XAO:0000138 - ZFA:0005129 - uberon - UBERON:0007826 - peritoneal mesentery + Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other. + pr + 2012-10-17T10:31:22Z + molecular_function + carbohydrate derivative transporter activity + GO:1901505 + carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity + + + + - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - - - - - - - ZFA + + GO_REF:0000090 - + - Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. - UBERON:cjm + Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + dph + 2012-10-17T14:30:40Z + biological_process + GO:1901509 + regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. - EMAPA:35379 - MA:0000291 - girdle bone - uberon - UBERON:0007828 - girdle bone/zone + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-10-24T11:23:01Z + regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1901532 + regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation - + - A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl - + - girdle bone - MA:0000291 + regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - EMAPA:35669 - MA:0000292 - bone of pectoral girdle - uberon - UBERON:0007829 - - pectoral girdle bone + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-10-24T11:23:06Z + down regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + downregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + downregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + downregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + negative regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + negative regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + negative regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + down regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + down-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + downregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GO:1901533 + negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation - - - - MA - - - + - A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. - check sacrum, coccyx (MA does NOT include these) - typically the ilium, ischium and pubis. These can alternately be considered individual bones, or zones of a single fused bone - - - EMAPA:18028 - MA:0000293 - NCIT:C33287 - UMLS:C0030786 - bone of pelvic girdle - pelvic girdle bone - uberon - UBERON:0007830 - - - pelvic girdle bone/zone - - - - - MA + + + down regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. - + + + down regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0030786 - ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Bone + + + down regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pelvic girdle bone - MA:0000293 + down-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. - Anatomical cluster of paired dermal and endochondral bones that attaches to the dorso-posterior part of the cranium, and support the radials and pectoral fin. It consists of two components: the primary pectoral girdle consisting of the endochondral coracoid, scapula and mesocoracoid bones, and the secondary pectoral girdle consisting of the dermal posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and poscleithrum(thra) bones.[TAO] - Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] - Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.[AAO] - The pectoral girdle is clearly of dual origin, composed of dermal as well as endochondral bones. The endochondral component, the scapulocoracoid, evolved by fusion or enlargment of several basal fin elements. (...) The dermal component of the shoulder girdle evolved from dermal bones of the body's surface. (...) Like endochondral bones, these dermal bones were passed along to tetrapods (...).[well established][VHOG] - Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. - - - AAO:0000422 - AAO:0000754 - EFO:0000946 - EHDAA2:0001420 - FMA:24141 - MAT:0000181 - MIAA:0000181 - NCIT:C33547 - TAO:0000407 - UMLS:C0427245 - VHOG:0001156 - VSAO:0000156 - XAO:0003063 - ZFA:0000407 - skeletal parts of pectoral girdle - skeleton of pectoral girdle - uberon - cingulum pectorale - pectoral girdle - scapular girdle - UBERON:0007831 - - - pectoral girdle skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg - - - - - - - - - - XAO + + + down-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. - + + + down-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster of paired dermal and endochondral bones that attaches to the dorso-posterior part of the cranium, and support the radials and pectoral fin. It consists of two components: the primary pectoral girdle consisting of the endochondral coracoid, scapula and mesocoracoid bones, and the secondary pectoral girdle consisting of the dermal posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and poscleithrum(thra) bones.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000407 - TAO - TAO:wd + + + downregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000156 - VSAO - + + + downregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000422 - AAO - AAO:LAP + + + downregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The pectoral girdle is clearly of dual origin, composed of dermal as well as endochondral bones. The endochondral component, the scapulocoracoid, evolved by fusion or enlargment of several basal fin elements. (...) The dermal component of the shoulder girdle evolved from dermal bones of the body's surface. (...) Like endochondral bones, these dermal bones were passed along to tetrapods (...).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001156 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.336 and Figure 9.18 + + + inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. - VSAO + + + inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0427245 - ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Girdle + + + negative regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeletal parts of pectoral girdle - + negative regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - skeleton of pectoral girdle - + + + inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - cingulum pectorale - - + down regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle - VSAO:0000156 - + down-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - scapular girdle - TAO:0000407 + downregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. - need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) - Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] - Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] - Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] - The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] - Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts - - - AAO:0000426 - AAO:0000768 - EFO:0000947 - EHDAA2:0001426 - EHDAA:7149 - EHDAA:8324 - EMAPA:18028 - FMA:87592 - MAT:0000182 - MIAA:0000182 - TAO:0000565 - VHOG:0000305 - VSAO:0000155 - XAO:0003064 - ZFA:0000565 - galen:PelvicGirdle - pelvic girdle skeleton - skeletal parts of pelvic girdle - skeleton of pelvic girdle - uberon - pelvic girdle - UBERON:0007832 - - - pelvic girdle skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray242.png + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + vk + 2012-10-24T11:23:14Z + activation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + activation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + positive regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + positive regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + positive regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + upregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + upregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + upregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + activation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + activation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + up-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + upregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GO:1901534 + positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl - - - Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. - - VSAO:0000155 + + + activation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000426 - AAO - AAO:LAP + + + activation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000565 - TAO - TAO:wd + + + positive regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000155 - VSAO - + + + positive regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000305 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.333 + + + up regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts - VSAO + + + up regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pelvic girdle skeleton - VSAO:0000155 + up regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeletal parts of pelvic girdle - + up-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeleton of pelvic girdle - + up-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic girdle - VSAO:0000155 - + + + up-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. - Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] - Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] - AEO:0000085 - EHDAA2:0003085 - TAO:0001645 - VSAO:0000023 - XAO:0004014 - ZFA:0001636 - uberon - membrane bones - UBERON:0007842 - membrane bone - - - - - VSAO + + + upregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000023 + + + upregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000023 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 + + + upregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001645 - TAO - TAO:wd + + + activation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - membrane bones - ZFA:0001636 - + activation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. - TAO still mixes tissue and element - AAO:0011130 - CALOHA:TS-0118 - EMAPA:32730 - FMA:55107 - VSAO:0000000 - XAO:0004013 - ZFA:0001501 - cartilage organ - cartilaginous element - chondrogenic element - uberon - cartilage - UBERON:0007844 - - - cartilage element + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + pr + 2012-10-30T12:59:50Z + biological_process + GO:1901550 + regulation of endothelial cell development + + + + - + - - VSAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + PMID:19470579 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - VSAO - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + pr + 2012-10-30T12:59:54Z + down regulation of endothelial cell development + down-regulation of endothelial cell development + downregulation of endothelial cell development + inhibition of endothelial cell development + biological_process + GO:1901551 + negative regulation of endothelial cell development + + + + + - + - - - - - - - VSAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000000 - - - - - TAO still mixes tissue and element - TAO + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + PMID:19470579 - + - cartilage organ - FMA:55107 + down regulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - cartilaginous element - + down-regulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - chondrogenic element - VSAO:0000000 + downregulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - - - cartilage - VSAO:0000000 + + + inhibition of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. - the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). - FMA:20103 - uberon - UBERON:0007845 - regular connective tissue + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + pr + 2012-10-30T12:59:58Z + up regulation of endothelial cell development + up-regulation of endothelial cell development + upregulation of endothelial cell development + activation of endothelial cell development + biological_process + GO:1901552 + positive regulation of endothelial cell development - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + PMID:19470579 - - - Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. - FMA:20103 + + + up regulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of endothelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). - Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] - Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] - - - - FMA:64781 - NCIT:C33453 - UMLS:C0225333 - VSAO:0000050 - XAO:0004030 - dense fibrous connective tissue - dense regular collagenous connective tissue - dense regular collagenous tissue - regular dense connective tissue - typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) - uberon - UBERON:0007846 - dense regular connective tissue + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. + pr + 2012-11-04T15:17:52Z + organonitrogen compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901564 + organonitrogen compound metabolic process - - - - FMA - - - - - - ncithesaurus - - - + - Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000050 - - - - - Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000050 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 - PSPUB:0000170 - - - - - Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] - 2012-08-29 - FMA:64781 - FMA + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - UMLS:C0225333 - ncithesaurus:Regular_Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + organonitrogen compound metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. + pr + 2012-11-04T15:17:56Z + organonitrogen compound breakdown + organonitrogen compound catabolism + organonitrogen compound degradation + biological_process + GO:1901565 + organonitrogen compound catabolic process + - - - dense fibrous connective tissue - FMA:64781 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - dense regular collagenous connective tissue - FMA:64781 + organonitrogen compound breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - dense regular collagenous tissue - FMA:64781 + organonitrogen compound catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) - FMA:64781 + organonitrogen compound degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. - EMAPA:37245 - MA:0000569 - head or neck bone - uberon - cranial bone - UBERON:0007914 - bone of craniocervical region + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. + pr + 2012-11-04T15:18:00Z + organonitrogen compound anabolism + organonitrogen compound biosynthesis + organonitrogen compound formation + organonitrogen compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901566 + organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process - - - - MA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - - - - - - - MA + + + organonitrogen compound anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. - OBOL:automatic + + + organonitrogen compound biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37245 - MA:th + + + organonitrogen compound formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - head or neck bone - MA:0000569 + organonitrogen compound synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. - - - - FMA:7477 - NCIT:C32881 - UMLS:C0502414 - os irregulare - uberon - os irregulare - UBERON:0008001 - irregular bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + pr + 2012-11-05T11:04:36Z + organic molecular entity breakdown + organic molecular entity catabolic process + organic molecular entity catabolism + organic molecular entity degradation + organic substance breakdown + organic substance catabolism + organic substance degradation + biological_process + GO:1901575 + organic substance catabolic process - - - - FMA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. - + + + organic molecular entity breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0502414 - ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone + + + organic molecular entity catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - os irregulare - - + + + organic molecular entity degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. - MA:0001505 - girdle joint - uberon - UBERON:0008114 - - joint of girdle + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + pr + 2012-11-05T11:04:40Z + organic molecular entity anabolism + organic molecular entity biosynthesis + organic molecular entity biosynthetic process + organic molecular entity formation + organic molecular entity synthesis + organic substance anabolism + organic substance biosynthesis + organic substance formation + organic substance synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901576 + organic substance biosynthetic process - - - - MA + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + + + organic molecular entity anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - girdle joint - OBOL:automatic + organic molecular entity biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic molecular entity formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic molecular entity synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. - FMA:76668 - cartilage surface - uberon - UBERON:0008115 - surface of cartilage + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. + tb + 2012-11-08T17:39:50Z + alpha-amino acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901605 + alpha-amino acid metabolic process - + - An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. + GOC:TermGenie - + - cartilage surface - FMA:76668 + alpha-amino acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. - subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency - Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. [Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity] - - - FMA:7478 - galen:PneumaticBone - os pneumaticum - pneumatic bone - uberon - hollow bone - UBERON:0008193 - pneumatized bone + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid. + tb + 2012-11-08T17:39:54Z + alpha-amino acid breakdown + alpha-amino acid catabolism + alpha-amino acid degradation + biological_process + GO:1901606 + alpha-amino acid catabolic process - + - A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. - + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid. + GOC:TermGenie - + - os pneumaticum - FMA:7478 + alpha-amino acid breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - pneumatic bone - FMA:7478 + alpha-amino acid catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + alpha-amino acid degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - EMAPA has both non-skeletal and skeletal types, with the non-skeletal also including a chest muscle, so we place the skeletal class here as the most accurate - EMAPA:17748 - FMA:37347 - muscle of shoulder girdle - pectoral girdle muscle - uberon - UBERON:0008196 - - muscle of pectoral girdle + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. + tb + 2012-11-08T17:39:58Z + alpha-amino acid anabolism + alpha-amino acid biosynthesis + alpha-amino acid formation + alpha-amino acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901607 + alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process - + - Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA has both non-skeletal and skeletal types, with the non-skeletal also including a chest muscle, so we place the skeletal class here as the most accurate - EMAPA + + + alpha-amino acid anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscle of shoulder girdle - FMA:37347 + alpha-amino acid biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle muscle - FMA:37347 + alpha-amino acid formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + alpha-amino acid synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. - - - EMAPA:37235 - FMA:9738 - MA:0003089 - space of pelvic compartment - uberon - cavitas pelvis - UBERON:0008203 - pelvic cavity - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + hjd + 2012-11-08T21:49:44Z + regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + biological_process + GO:1901608 + regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule - + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37235 - MA:th - - - + - space of pelvic compartment - FMA:9738 - - - - - cavitas pelvis - - + regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. - in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles - EMAPA:37259 - MA:0000571 - TAO:0000328 - ZFA:0000328 - head or neck muscle - uberon - head muscles - head or neck muscle - UBERON:0008229 - craniocervical region musculature + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + hjd + 2012-11-08T21:49:48Z + down regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + down regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + down-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + down-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + downregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + downregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + inhibition of microtubule-based vesicle localization + negative regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + inhibition of vesicle transport along microtubule + biological_process + GO:1901609 + negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule - - - - MA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - MA + + + down regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. - ZFA:0000328 - ZFA:curator + + + down regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles - MA + + + down-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37259 - MA:th + + + down-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - head or neck muscle - MA:0000571 + downregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - head muscles - ZFA:0000328 + + + downregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - head or neck muscle - MA:0000571 + + + inhibition of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. - - EMAPA:37234 - FMA:24217 - MA:0000028 - dorsum of thorax - posterior part of thorax - thoracic back - thoracic part of back - upper back - uberon - back of thorax - UBERON:0008231 - dorsal thoracic segment of trunk + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + hjd + 2012-11-08T21:49:53Z + activation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + positive regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + up regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + up regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + up-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + up-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + upregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + upregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + activation of vesicle transport along microtubule + biological_process + GO:1901610 + positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + activation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. - FMA:24217 + + + positive regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37234 - MA:th + + + up regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - dorsum of thorax - FMA:24217 + up regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - posterior part of thorax - FMA:24217 + up-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - thoracic back - FMA:24217 + up-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - thoracic part of back - FMA:24217 + upregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - upper back - MA:0000028 + upregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - back of thorax - FMA:24217 + + + activation of vesicle transport along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. - - EMAPA:37261 - MA:0000508 - uberon - UBERON:0008243 - upper back muscle + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. + pr + 2012-11-13T12:54:27Z + organic hydroxy compound metabolism + biological_process + GO:1901615 + organic hydroxy compound metabolic process - - - - MA - - - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - EMAPA:37261 - MA:th + + + organic hydroxy compound metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. - this class includes any endothelia that are part of the heart. This might include the endocardial epithelia, as well as endothelia of vessels that are considered strictly part of the heart (e.g. outflow tract). As a grouping class, this may lack utility, and pending review this class may be obsoleted. For annotation consider a more specific class. - BTO:0004293 - uberon - cardiac endothelium - UBERON:0008307 - heart endothelium + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound. + pr + 2012-11-13T12:54:31Z + organic hydroxy compound breakdown + organic hydroxy compound catabolism + organic hydroxy compound degradation + biological_process + GO:1901616 + organic hydroxy compound catabolic process - + - An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - - - cardiac endothelium - BTO:0004293 + + + organic hydroxy compound breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic hydroxy compound catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic hydroxy compound degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - BTO:0003122 - uberon - UBERON:0008339 - microvascular endothelium - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. + pr + 2012-11-13T12:54:36Z + organic hydroxy compound anabolism + organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis + organic hydroxy compound formation + organic hydroxy compound synthesis + biological_process + GO:1901617 + organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process - - - - BTO + + + The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + + + + + organic hydroxy compound anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic hydroxy compound formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + organic hydroxy compound synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - An intestinal villus in the duodenum. - FMA:63300 - uberon - UBERON:0008342 - intestinal villus of duodenum + Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other. + pr + 2012-11-13T12:59:01Z + molecular_function + GO:1901618 + organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity - + - An intestinal villus in the duodenum. - OBOL:automatic + Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - - - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. - - - CALOHA:TS-2087 - EMAPA:19078 - FMA:17231 - MA:0003208 - epithelium of duodenum - uberon - UBERON:0008346 - - duodenal epithelium + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus. + pr + 2012-11-20T09:45:15Z + biological_process + GO:1901652 + response to peptide - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - epithelium of duodenum - FMA:17231 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. - BTO:0002925 - CALOHA:TS-1063 - uberon - bronchotracheal epithelium - UBERON:0008397 - tracheobronchial epithelium + A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone. + pr + 2012-11-20T10:55:47Z + GO:1990369 + process resulting in tolerance to ketone + biological_process + GO:1901654 + response to ketone - + - Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. - Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus - - - - - bronchotracheal epithelium - BTO:0002925 + A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone. + GOC:mengo_curators + PMID:23356676 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. - - FMA:13480 - uberon - UBERON:0008429 - cervical vertebral foramen + Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other. + pr + 2012-11-26T20:45:29Z + sulfur molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity + molecular_function + GO:1901682 + sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity - + - A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. - OBOL:automatic + Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. - - FMA:9143 - uberon - UBERON:0008432 - thoracic vertebral foramen + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2012-12-12T10:28:35Z + biological_process + GO:1901692 + regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process - + - A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12021768 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. - - EHDAA2:0000444 - EHDAA:42 - EHDAA:75 - EMAPA:16050 - NCIT:C34164 - UMLS:C1516906 - uberon - embryonic epiblast - UBERON:0008780 - - - The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5. - inner cell mass derived epiblast + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2012-12-12T10:28:40Z + down regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + downregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + inhibition of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + biological_process + GO:1901693 + negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12021768 - - - An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. - MP:0003886 + + + down regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1516906 - ncithesaurus:Epiblast + + + down-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - embryonic epiblast - MP:0003886 + + + downregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. - Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing - - EHDAA2:0000187 - FMA:293041 - NCIT:C34248 - UMLS:C1519038 - embryonic pharyngeal complex - pharyngeal apparatus - pharyngeal system - uberon - pharyngeal arch complex - pharyngeal arch region - pharyngeal arches and clefts - pharyngeal complex - UBERON:0008814 - pharyngeal arch system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2012-12-12T10:28:45Z + GO:0046675 + up regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + upregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + activation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + biological_process + induction of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death + GO:1901694 + positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process - + - A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. - GO:0060037 - GOC:dph + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12021768 - - - UMLS:C1519038 - ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Apparatus + + + up regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pharyngeal system - GO:0060037 + up-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal arch region - EHDAA2:0000187 + + + upregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A head that is part of a embryo. - CALOHA:TS-0246 - FBbt:00000155 - FMA:293011 - uberon - UBERON:0008816 - - embryonic head + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. + pr + 2012-12-13T15:06:08Z + response to nitrogen molecular entity + biological_process + GO:1901698 + response to nitrogen compound - + - A head that is part of a embryo. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A brain that develops_from a neural tube. - a reasoner should automatically classify all the vertebrate ontology brain classes here - vertebrate brain - uberon - UBERON:0008823 - neural tube derived brain - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/338 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. + pr + 2012-12-13T15:11:37Z + response to oxygen molecular entity + biological_process + GO:1901700 + response to oxygen-containing compound - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - definitional - - - + - A brain that develops_from a neural tube. - - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other. + pr + 2012-12-13T15:14:47Z + molecular_function + GO:1901702 + salt transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. + hjd + 2012-12-14T16:04:16Z + biological_process + GO:1901706 + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:hjd + PMID:21571217 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + yaf + 2013-02-01T10:30:47Z + biological_process + GO:1901861 + regulation of muscle tissue development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf + PMID:23150719 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. - in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 - The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. - - - AAO:0011057 - EHDAA2:0000740 - EHDAA:1530 - NCIT:C34187 - UMLS:C1512407 - XAO:0000101 - liver diverticulum - uberon - diverticulum hepaticum - UBERON:0008835 - - hepatic diverticulum - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + yaf + 2013-02-01T10:30:52Z + down regulation of muscle tissue development + down-regulation of muscle tissue development + downregulation of muscle tissue development + inhibition of muscle tissue development + biological_process + GO:1901862 + negative regulation of muscle tissue development - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf + PMID:23150719 - - - - - - - - - caudal part - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - + + + downregulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + yaf + 2013-02-01T10:30:57Z + up regulation of muscle tissue development + up-regulation of muscle tissue development + upregulation of muscle tissue development + activation of muscle tissue development + biological_process + GO:1901863 + positive regulation of muscle tissue development + - + - An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. - - MP:MP + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:yaf + PMID:23150719 - - - UMLS:C1512407 - ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Diverticulum + + + up regulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - liver diverticulum - XAO:0000101 + up-regulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - diverticulum hepaticum - - + + + upregulation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - BTO:0001642 - uberon - UBERON:0008836 - liver bud + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + rl + 2013-02-06T13:57:23Z + regulation of protein polymer breakdown + regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + regulation of protein polymer catabolism + regulation of protein polymer degradation + biological_process + GO:1901879 + regulation of protein depolymerization - - - - cjm + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + PMID:12032137 - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. - the muscularis externa in the stomach differs from that of other GI organs in that it has three layers of smooth muscle instead of two - - FMA:14909 - gastric muscularis - muscle layer of stomach - muscularis externa of stomach - tunica muscularis (gaster) - tunica muscularis gastris - uberon - UBERON:0008856 - - stomach muscularis externa + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + rl + 2013-02-06T13:57:28Z + down regulation of protein depolymerization + down regulation of protein polymer breakdown + down regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + down regulation of protein polymer catabolism + down regulation of protein polymer degradation + down-regulation of protein depolymerization + down-regulation of protein polymer breakdown + down-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + down-regulation of protein polymer catabolism + down-regulation of protein polymer degradation + downregulation of protein depolymerization + downregulation of protein polymer breakdown + downregulation of protein polymer catabolic process + downregulation of protein polymer catabolism + downregulation of protein polymer degradation + inhibition of protein polymer breakdown + inhibition of protein polymer catabolic process + inhibition of protein polymer catabolism + inhibition of protein polymer degradation + negative regulation of protein polymer breakdown + negative regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + negative regulation of protein polymer catabolism + negative regulation of protein polymer degradation + inhibition of protein depolymerization + biological_process + GO:1901880 + negative regulation of protein depolymerization - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + PMID:12032137 - - - - - - - - - MA-abduced + + + down regulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - - - The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. - MP:0010779 + + + down regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - the muscularis externa in the stomach differs from that of other GI organs in that it has three layers of smooth muscle instead of two - WP + + + down regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - gastric muscularis - FMA:14909 + down regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscle layer of stomach - FMA:14909 + down regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscularis externa of stomach - FMA:14909 + down-regulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis (gaster) - FMA:14909 + down-regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. - - - EMAPA:37944 - FMA:14580 - canalis pyloricus - uberon - canalis pyloricus - UBERON:0008858 - - pyloric canal - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg - - - - - FMA + + + down-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + down-regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. - - MP:0010791 + + + down-regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37944 - MA:th + + + downregulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - + - canalis pyloricus - + downregulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - canalis pyloricus - - + + + downregulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. - check relationship to pylorus vs antrum - - - - EMAPA:27211 - FMA:14922 - NCIT:C33431 - UMLS:C0227239 - glandula pylorica - pyloric antrum gland - pyloric gland - pyloric mucuous gland - uberon - UBERON:0008861 - - pyloric gastric gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray1054.png + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + rl + 2013-02-06T13:57:32Z + activation of protein polymer breakdown + activation of protein polymer catabolic process + activation of protein polymer catabolism + activation of protein polymer degradation + positive regulation of protein polymer breakdown + positive regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + positive regulation of protein polymer catabolism + positive regulation of protein polymer degradation + up regulation of protein depolymerization + up regulation of protein polymer breakdown + up regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + up regulation of protein polymer catabolism + up regulation of protein polymer degradation + up-regulation of protein depolymerization + up-regulation of protein polymer breakdown + up-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + up-regulation of protein polymer catabolism + up-regulation of protein polymer degradation + upregulation of protein depolymerization + upregulation of protein polymer breakdown + upregulation of protein polymer catabolic process + upregulation of protein polymer catabolism + upregulation of protein polymer degradation + activation of protein depolymerization + biological_process + GO:1901881 + positive regulation of protein depolymerization - - - - MP - - - - - - - - - - - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. - - MP:0010797 - - - - - UMLS:C0227239 - ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + PMID:12032137 - + - glandula pylorica - FMA:14922 + activation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - pyloric antrum gland - OBOL:automatic + activation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pyloric gland - FMA:14922 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. - We follow MP and treat this as part of the hypodermis, although some sources may consider the hypodermis to be superficial to this - UBERON:0010934 - EMAPA:18188 - MA:0003140 - hypodermal muscle layer - hypodermis muscle layer - superficial fascia muscular layer - panniculus carnosus - uberon - UBERON:0008876 - - hypodermis skeletal muscle layer - - - - - - - - - - - MP-def - - - - - Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. - ISBN:0123813611 - MP:0011157 + activation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - hypodermal muscle layer - MP:0011157 + activation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - hypodermis muscle layer - MP:0011157 - - - - - panniculus carnosus - MP:0011157 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. - - Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] - - FMA:45621 - pulmonary circulatory system - pulmonary system - uberon - UBERON:0008886 - - pulmonary vascular system - - - - - - Obol - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. - - ISBN:0073040584 + positive regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] - FMA - FMA:45621 + + + positive regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pulmonary circulatory system - FMA:45621 + positive regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - pulmonary system - ISBN:0073040584 + positive regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] - The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] - The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. - many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both - - AAO:0010157 - TAO:0001216 - VHOG:0000315 - VSAO:0000149 - XAO:0003176 - ZFA:0001216 - pharyngeal endoskeleton - viscerocranium - uberon - branchial arch skeleton - gill arch skeleton - pharyngeal arch - pharyngeal arch skeleton - pharyngeal skeleton - visceral cranium - visceral skeletal system - visceral skeleton - UBERON:0008895 - splanchnocranium - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg - - - - - - - - - - + + + up regulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - redundant - - Grays + + + up regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. - - - ISBN:0073040584 + + + up regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001216 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + up regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010157 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + up regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000315 - VHOG - + + + up-regulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - - - The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000315 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.242, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.235 + + + up-regulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. - VSAO + + + up-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pharyngeal endoskeleton - + up-regulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - viscerocranium - - VHOG:0000315 - ZFA:0001216 - + up-regulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal arch - VSAO:0000149 - + + + upregulation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal arch skeleton - ZFA:0001216 + + + upregulation of protein polymer breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal skeleton - ZFA:0001216 + + + upregulation of protein polymer catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral cranium - + + + upregulation of protein polymer catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral skeletal system - + + + upregulation of protein polymer degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral skeleton - UBERONREF:0000007 + + + activation of protein depolymerization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. - Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] - other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification - - AAO:0010769 - TAO:0001590 - VSAO:0000130 - XAO:0004015 - ZFA:0001590 - uberon - dermal bones - UBERON:0008907 - dermal bone + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + tb + 2013-02-06T19:40:32Z + biological_process + GO:1901888 + regulation of cell junction assembly + + + + - - - - wd - - - - - - VSAO - - - + - - - - - - - VSAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000130 - - - - - Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001590 - TAO - TAO:wd - - - - - dermal bones - ZFA:0001590 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. - We go with the latest VSAO in making this a subtype of bone, and add a logical definition based on the textual definition in VSAO. We also include the subtyping under 'replacement bone', for consistency with ZFA - Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord.[TAO] - AAO:0010777 - TAO:0001639 - VSAO:0000307 - ZFA:0001629 - perichordal bones - uberon - perichordal bone - UBERON:0008909 - perichordal bone + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + tb + 2013-02-06T19:40:41Z + down regulation of cell junction assembly + down-regulation of cell junction assembly + downregulation of cell junction assembly + inhibition of cell junction assembly + biological_process + GO:1901889 + negative regulation of cell junction assembly - - - - not in VSAO - ZFA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + GOC:TermGenie - - - Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000307 + + + down regulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001639 - TAO - TAO:wd + + + down-regulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - perichordal bones - ZFA:0001629 - + downregulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - perichordal bone - ZFA:0001629 + + + inhibition of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A parenchyma that is part of a lung. - - EMAPA:35522 - FMA:27360 - MA:0003168 - respiratory portion of lung - uberon - parenchyma of lung - pulmonary parenchyma - UBERON:0008946 - lung parenchyma + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + tb + 2013-02-06T19:40:46Z + up regulation of cell junction assembly + up-regulation of cell junction assembly + upregulation of cell junction assembly + activation of cell junction assembly + biological_process + GO:1901890 + positive regulation of cell junction assembly + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. + GOC:TermGenie - - - A parenchyma that is part of a lung. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - respiratory portion of lung - FMA:27360 + up-regulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - parenchyma of lung - BTO:0000763 + + + upregulation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - pulmonary parenchyma - EMAPA:35522 + + + activation of cell junction assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - EHDAA2:0004069 - NCIT:C34283 - UMLS:C1514898 - uberon - UBERON:0008947 - respiratory primordium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-02-20T20:30:26Z + biological_process + GO:1901963 + regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - - - - Obol - - - - - UMLS:C1514898 - ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Primordium + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart + PMID:21419760 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. - - - - BTO:0003634 - FMA:9404 - NCIT:C32536 - UMLS:C0227178 - esophageal gland - glandulae oesophageae - mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus - uberon - submocosal esophageal gland - UBERON:0008989 - submucosal esophageal gland - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-02-20T20:30:31Z + up regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + up-regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + upregulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + activation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1901964 + positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - + - One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. - - BTO:0003634 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_heart + PMID:21419760 - - - UMLS:C0227178 - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Gland + + + up regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophageal gland - FMA:9404 + up-regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - glandulae oesophageae - + upregulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus - FMA:9404 + + + activation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. - UBERON:0005284 - - BTO:0003840 - EFO:0003491 - EMAPA:35186 - FMA:242007 - FMA:61935 - TAO:0000099 - ZFA:0000099 - brain vasculature - cerebrovascular system - intracerebral vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0008998 - - vasculature of brain + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. + dph + 2013-03-26T18:10:51Z + regulation of ciliogenesis + biological_process + regulation of cilium biogenesis + GO:1902017 + regulation of cilium assembly - + - System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. - BTO:0003840 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + PMID:17719545 - + - cerebrovascular system - BTO:0003840 + regulation of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - intracerebral vasculature - FMA:61935 + + + regulation of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. - - EMAPA:37280 - MA:0000510 - uberon - UBERON:0009015 - upper back skin + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. + dph + 2013-03-26T18:10:56Z + down regulation of ciliogenesis + down regulation of cilium assembly + down-regulation of ciliogenesis + down-regulation of cilium assembly + downregulation of ciliogenesis + downregulation of cilium assembly + inhibition of ciliogenesis + negative regulation of ciliogenesis + inhibition of cilium assembly + biological_process + down regulation of cilium biogenesis + down-regulation of cilium biogenesis + downregulation of cilium biogenesis + inhibition of cilium biogenesis + negative regulation of cilium biogenesis + GO:1902018 + negative regulation of cilium assembly - - - - MA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:dph + PMID:17719545 - - - A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37280 - MA:th + + + down regulation of cilium assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cilium assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cilium assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of ciliogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cilium assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cilium biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. - A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. - - - EMAPA:37165 - MA:0002207 - NCIT:C48946 - UMLS:C0226670 - uberon - UBERON:0009030 - left pulmonary vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:13:19Z + regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1902033 + regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation - + - Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. - - - - - - A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. - ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein - - - - - EMAPA:37165 - MA:th + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - UMLS:C0226670 - ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein + + + regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - - - - Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. - A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. - - - EMAPA:37379 - MA:0002208 - NCIT:C48947 - UMLS:C0226669 - uberon - UBERON:0009032 - right pulmonary vein + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:13:24Z + down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1902034 + negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. - ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein + + + down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37379 - MA:th + + + down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0226669 - ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein + + + down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. - - EHDAA2:0000716 - NCIT:C34192 - UMLS:C1512703 - uberon - gonad rudiment - UBERON:0009117 - - typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321] - indifferent gonad + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:13:31Z + positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + activation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + activation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1902035 + positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation - + - A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - UMLS:C1512703 - ncithesaurus:Indifferent_Gonad + + + positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. - TAO:0001555 - ZFA:0001555 - epibranchial ganglia - uberon - UBERON:0009127 - Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest - epibranchial ganglion + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:19:09Z + regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902036 + regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - - - - - - - NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. - - ZFIN:curator + + + regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - epibranchial ganglia - ZFA:0001555 - + regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. - - EHDAA2:0000274 - FMA:7281 - NCIT:C102339 - VHOG:0001228 - endocardium of right atrium - right atrial endocardium - uberon - right atrium endocardial tissue - UBERON:0009129 - right atrium endocardium + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:19:14Z + down regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + down regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + down-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + down-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + downregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + downregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + negative regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + negative regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + inhibition of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + inhibition of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902037 + negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. - + + + down regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - endocardium of right atrium - FMA:7281 + down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - right atrial endocardium - FMA:7281 + down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - right atrium endocardial tissue - VHOG:0001228 + + + down-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - UBERON:0009146 - - - - EHDAA2:0001483 - EMAPA:17709 - NCIT:C34256 - UMLS:C1283968 - VHOG:0000757 - pleuroperitoneal fold - pleuroperitoneal membranes - uberon - UBERON:0009133 - pleuroperitoneal membrane - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. - - + + + down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000757 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + + + downregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1283968 - ncithesaurus:Pleuroperitoneal_Membrane + + + downregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pleuroperitoneal fold - VHOG:0000757 + downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pleuroperitoneal membranes - EHDAA2:0001483 - + downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. - - EHDAA2:0004542 - craniocervical vein - head and neck veins - vein of head and neck - uberon - UBERON:0009141 - craniocervical region vein - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + negative regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - head and neck veins - EHDAA2:0004542 + negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. - consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) - UBERON:0003313 - EHDAA2:0001113 - EHDAA:177 - EMAPA:16097 - uberon - UBERON:0009142 - entire embryonic mesenchyme - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + inhibition of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. - + + + inhibition of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EMAPA:16549 - RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 - pharyngeal region - uberon - UBERON:0009145 - pharyngeal region of foregut - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal region - EMAPA:16549 + + + inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - EHDAA2:0003446 - EMAPA:18015 - uberon - UBERON:0009191 - sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + ss + 2013-04-02T05:19:19Z + positive regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + positive regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + up regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + up regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + up-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + up-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + upregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + upregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + activation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + activation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + activation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + activation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902038 + positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23403623 - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - EHDAA2:0001888 - sphenoid bone cartilage condensation - uberon - UBERON:0009193 - sphenoid cartilage element - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - sphenoid bone cartilage condensation - EHDAA2:0001888 + up-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0004021 - uberon - UBERON:0009196 - - indifferent external genitalia - - - - - cjm + + + up-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. - EHDAA2:0001077 - EMAPA:16810 - FMA:312659 - uberon - UBERON:0009204 - medial nasal process mesenchyme - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + upregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. - OBOL:automatic + + + upregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary - - EHDAA2:0000581 - EHDAA:4776 - EMAPA:16680 - FMA:293971 - uberon - nasal placode - UBERON:0009292 - embryonic nasal process - - - - medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary - EHDAA2 + + + upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. - EHDAA2:0000190 - EMAPA:16260 - uberon - UBERON:0009479 - - ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus. + mls + 2013-04-22T15:41:57Z + response to salinity + biological_process + GO:1902074 + response to salt - + - An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mls + PMID:16666921 + + + + + response to salinity + GOC:mls - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. - EHDAA2:0000191 - EMAPA:16261 - uberon - UBERON:0009480 - - endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + pr + 2013-05-02T17:32:42Z + regulation of immune cell differentiation + regulation of leucocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902105 + regulation of leukocyte differentiation - + - An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:add + + + + + regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - EHDAA2:0000570 - EMAPA:16364 - uberon - UBERON:0009482 - - associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + pr + 2013-05-02T17:32:47Z + down regulation of immune cell differentiation + down regulation of leucocyte differentiation + down regulation of leukocyte differentiation + down-regulation of immune cell differentiation + down-regulation of leucocyte differentiation + down-regulation of leukocyte differentiation + downregulation of immune cell differentiation + downregulation of leucocyte differentiation + downregulation of leukocyte differentiation + negative regulation of immune cell differentiation + negative regulation of leucocyte differentiation + inhibition of immune cell differentiation + inhibition of leucocyte differentiation + inhibition of leukocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902106 + negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:add + + + + + down regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000575 - EMAPA:16365 - VHOG:0000430 - foregut-midgut junction mesentery - uberon - UBERON:0009483 - - mesentery of foregut-midgut junction + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + pr + 2013-05-02T17:32:52Z + positive regulation of immune cell differentiation + positive regulation of leucocyte differentiation + up regulation of immune cell differentiation + up regulation of leucocyte differentiation + up regulation of leukocyte differentiation + up-regulation of immune cell differentiation + up-regulation of leucocyte differentiation + up-regulation of leukocyte differentiation + upregulation of immune cell differentiation + upregulation of leucocyte differentiation + upregulation of leukocyte differentiation + activation of immune cell differentiation + activation of leucocyte differentiation + activation of leukocyte differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902107 + positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation - + - A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:add - - - Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000430 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + + + positive regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - foregut-midgut junction mesentery - VHOG:0000430 + positive regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. - this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. - EMAPA:32755 - FMA:295694 - branchial arch mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009494 - - pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + up regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. - + + + up regulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. - MP:0011262 + + + up-regulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - branchial arch mesenchyme - MP:0011262 + up-regulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pharyngeal arch mesenchyme - + up-regulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of immune cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of leucocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of leukocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - EHDAA2:0000573 - EMAPA:16564 - uberon - UBERON:0009497 - - epithelium of foregut-midgut junction + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + pr + 2013-05-14T09:43:21Z + biological_process + GO:1902115 + regulation of organelle assembly + + + + - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. - EHDAA2:0004109 - EMAPA:16683 - FMA:295821 - frontonasal mesenchyme - naso-frontal mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009501 - - - mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + pr + 2013-05-14T09:43:31Z + down regulation of organelle assembly + down-regulation of organelle assembly + downregulation of organelle assembly + inhibition of organelle assembly + biological_process + GO:1902116 + negative regulation of organelle assembly - + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. - MP:0011266 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr - + - frontonasal mesenchyme - MP:0011266 + down regulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - naso-frontal mesenchyme - MP:0011266 + down-regulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. - EHDAA2:0000780 - EMAPA:16716 - hindgut associated mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009503 - - mesenchyme of hindgut - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - hindgut associated mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0000780 + + + inhibition of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trachea. - EHDAA2:0002067 - EMAPA:16854 - trachea associated mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009505 - - mesenchyme of trachea + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + pr + 2013-05-14T09:43:36Z + up regulation of organelle assembly + up-regulation of organelle assembly + upregulation of organelle assembly + activation of organelle assembly + biological_process + GO:1902117 + positive regulation of organelle assembly + + + + - + - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trachea. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + + + + + up regulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - trachea associated mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0002067 + upregulation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of organelle assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - An endoderm that is part of a anal region. - EHDAA2:0004020 - EMAPA:17177 - uberon - UBERON:0009521 - - anal membrane endodermal component + + + + + + + Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte. + + rl + 2013-06-13T10:02:29Z + RBC apoptotic process + red blood cell apoptotic process + RBC apoptosis + erythrocyte apoptosis + red blood cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902217 + erythrocyte apoptotic process - + - An endoderm that is part of a anal region. - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + PMID:14569084 + + + + + RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. - EHDAA2:0001071 - EMAPA:17361 - FMA:312691 - mesenchyme of maxillary process - mesenchyme of maxillary prominence - uberon - UBERON:0009526 - - maxillary process mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + rl + 2013-06-20T19:30:53Z + regulation of RBC apoptotic process + regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + regulation of RBC apoptosis + regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902250 + regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + PMID:14569084 - + - mesenchyme of maxillary process - EMAPA:17361 + regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme of maxillary prominence - + regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. - EHDAA2:0001001 - EMAPA:18309 - VHOG:0000709 - left lobe hepatic sinusoids - uberon - UBERON:0009548 - - hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver - - - + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + + rl + 2013-06-20T19:30:59Z + down regulation of RBC apoptotic process + down regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + down regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of RBC apoptotic process + down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + down-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + downregulation of RBC apoptotic process + downregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + downregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of RBC apoptotic process + negative regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + down regulation of RBC apoptosis + down regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + down regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + down-regulation of RBC apoptosis + down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + down-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + downregulation of RBC apoptosis + downregulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + downregulation of red blood cell apoptosis + inhibition of RBC apoptosis + inhibition of RBC apoptotic process + inhibition of erythrocyte apoptosis + inhibition of erythrocyte apoptotic process + inhibition of red blood cell apoptosis + inhibition of red blood cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of RBC apoptosis + negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + negative regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902251 + negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + + + - A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + PMID:14569084 - + - left lobe hepatic sinusoids - VHOG:0000709 + down regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. - EHDAA2:0001009 - EMAPA:18316 - VHOG:0000710 - right lobe hepatic sinusoids - uberon - UBERON:0009549 - - hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + + rl + 2013-06-20T19:31:04Z + positive regulation of RBC apoptotic process + positive regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + up regulation of RBC apoptotic process + up regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + up regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of RBC apoptotic process + up-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + up-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + upregulation of RBC apoptotic process + upregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + upregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + activation of RBC apoptosis + activation of RBC apoptotic process + activation of erythrocyte apoptosis + activation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + activation of red blood cell apoptosis + activation of red blood cell apoptotic process + positive regulation of RBC apoptosis + positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + positive regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + up regulation of RBC apoptosis + up regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + up regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + up-regulation of RBC apoptosis + up-regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + up-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + upregulation of RBC apoptosis + upregulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + upregulation of red blood cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902252 + positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process - + - A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:rl + PMID:14569084 - + - right lobe hepatic sinusoids - VHOG:0000710 + positive regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RBC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of erythrocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of red blood cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RBC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of erythrocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of red blood cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - EHDAA2:0000572 - EMAPA:18403 - uberon - UBERON:0009550 - - endoderm of foregut-midgut junction + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-06-24T19:12:24Z + regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1902256 + regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - + - An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:16839542 + + + + + regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a intestine. - FMA:15696 - submucosa of intestine - uberon - UBERON:0009566 - intestinal submucosa + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-06-24T19:12:30Z + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + down regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + downregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + inhibition of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1902257 + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:16839542 - - - A submucosa that is part of a intestine. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - submucosa of intestine - FMA:15696 + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. - Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] - - AAO:0000612 - FMA:72066 - NCIT:C92597 - thoracolumbar column - thoracolumbar region of vertebral column - thoracolumbar vertebrae set - thoracolumbar vertebral column - trunk vertebrae series - trunk vertebral column - uberon - presacral region - thoracolumbar region - trunk region - trunk skeleton - trunk spine - UBERON:0009568 - - trunk region of vertebral column + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-06-24T19:12:42Z + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + activation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + activation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + up regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + upregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1902258 + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis - + - Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. - UBERONREF:0000006 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:16839542 - - - Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000612 - AAO - AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - thoracolumbar vertebrae set - FMA:72066 + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - presacral region - AAO:0000612 + + + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - thoracolumbar region - AAO:0000612 + + + activation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - trunk region - AAO:0000612 + + + activation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA:25054 - region of trunk - trunk subdivision - uberon - UBERON:0009569 - - subdivision of trunk + Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. + dph + 2013-06-25T16:16:00Z + apoptotic cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels + apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels + apoptotic program involved in patterning of blood vessels + type I programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + biological_process + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in patterning of blood vessels + GO:1902262 + apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis - + + + Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:16163358 + + + - region of trunk - FMA:25054 + apoptotic cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie - + - trunk subdivision - FMA:25054 + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptotic program involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + type I programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future spinal cord. - EHDAA2:0001265 - EMAPA:17584 - VHOG:0001548 - spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans - uberon - UBERON:0009570 - spinal cord sulcus limitans + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + bf + 2013-07-01T13:21:52Z + GO:0001672 + GO:1903308 + regulation of chromatin organisation + regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + biological_process + regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly + regulation of chromatin modification + GO:1902275 + regulation of chromatin organization - + - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18314879 - + - spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans - EHDAA2:0001265 + regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata. - EHDAA2:0001100 - EMAPA:17561 - uberon - UBERON:0009576 - medulla oblongata sulcus limitans + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + rl + 2013-07-18T13:33:53Z + regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + biological_process + GO:1902305 + regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rl + PMID:18591664 - - - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - - - - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future metencephalon. - EHDAA2:0001161 - EMAPA:17567 - uberon - UBERON:0009577 - metencephalon sulcus limitans + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + rl + 2013-07-18T13:34:01Z + down regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + down regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + down-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + down-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + downregulation of sodium ion membrane transport + downregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + negative regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + inhibition of sodium ion membrane transport + inhibition of sodium ion transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:1902306 + negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport - + - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future metencephalon. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rl + PMID:18591664 + + + + + down regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - - - - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future myelencephalon. - EHDAA2:0001945 - uberon - UBERON:0009578 - myelencephalon sulcus limitans + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + rl + 2013-07-18T13:34:18Z + positive regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + up regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + up regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + up-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + up-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + upregulation of sodium ion membrane transport + upregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + activation of sodium ion membrane transport + activation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:1902307 + positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport - + - A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future myelencephalon. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rl + PMID:18591664 + + + + + positive regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of sodium ion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of sodium ion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - EHDAA2:0001172 - EMAPA:16977 - VHOG:0000910 - mantle layer lateral wall midbrain - midbrain lateral wall mantle layer - uberon - mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon - UBERON:0009581 - midbrain mantle layer + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + sart + 2013-07-29T15:03:16Z + regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + biological_process + regulation of apoptosis involved in development + regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GO:1902337 + regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis - - - mantle layer lateral wall midbrain - VHOG:0000910 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:sart + PMID:12202035 - + + + regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + - mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon - VHOG:0000910 + regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - EMAPA:17580 - VHOG:0000911 - mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord - spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer - uberon - UBERON:0009583 - spinal cord mantle layer + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + sart + 2013-07-29T15:03:25Z + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + biological_process + down regulation of apoptosis involved in development + down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development + down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + downregulation of apoptosis involved in development + downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + inhibition of apoptosis involved in development + inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development + negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GO:1902338 + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:sart + PMID:12202035 + + + - mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord - VHOG:0000911 + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. - UBERON:0010043 - EHDAA2:0000034 - EMAPA:16385 - mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch - mesenchyme of mandibular component - uberon - mandibular component mesenchyme - mandibular mesenchyme - UBERON:0009584 - 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + sart + 2013-07-29T15:03:33Z + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + biological_process + activation of apoptosis involved in development + activation of morphogenetic apoptosis + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development + positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + up regulation of apoptosis involved in development + up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development + up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + upregulation of apoptosis involved in development + upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GO:1902339 + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - EMAPA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:sart + PMID:12202035 - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch - + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme of mandibular component - EMAPA:16385 + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. - EHDAA2:0000944 - EMAPA:16730 - EMAPA:17654 - left lung mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009602 - left lung associated mesenchyme + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. + dgf + 2013-07-29T20:54:14Z + down regulation of chromosome condensation + down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + down-regulation of chromosome condensation + down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + downregulation of chromosome condensation + downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + inhibition of chromosome condensation + inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation + biological_process + GO:1902340 + negative regulation of chromosome condensation - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:23219725 - + - left lung mesenchyme - EMAPA:17654 + down regulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. - EHDAA2:0001739 - EMAPA:17662 - right lung mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009603 - right lung associated mesenchyme + The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane. + dph + 2013-08-14T14:46:04Z + biological_process + GO:1902358 + sulfate transmembrane transport - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right lung mesenchyme - EMAPA:17662 + The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + PMID:9055073 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. - TAO:0007019 - ZFA:0007019 - uberon - UBERON:0009611 - midbrain neural plate + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process. + bf + 2013-08-22T14:59:39Z + down regulation of RNA breakdown + down regulation of RNA catabolic process + down regulation of RNA catabolism + down regulation of RNA degradation + down-regulation of RNA breakdown + down-regulation of RNA catabolic process + down-regulation of RNA catabolism + down-regulation of RNA degradation + downregulation of RNA breakdown + downregulation of RNA catabolic process + downregulation of RNA catabolism + downregulation of RNA degradation + negative regulation of RNA breakdown + negative regulation of RNA catabolism + negative regulation of RNA degradation + inhibition of RNA breakdown + inhibition of RNA catabolic process + inhibition of RNA catabolism + inhibition of RNA degradation + biological_process + GO:1902369 + negative regulation of RNA catabolic process - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + PMID:16640457 - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + down regulation of RNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of RNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - - - - - - A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. - TAO:0007022 - ZFA:0007022 - uberon - UBERON:0009614 - hindbrain neural plate + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction. + tb + 2013-09-13T16:55:57Z + protein localisation in cell junction + protein localisation to cell junction + protein localization in cell junction + biological_process + GO:1902414 + protein localization to cell junction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:18332111 - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + protein localisation in cell junction + GOC:TermGenie - - - A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. - OBOL:automatic + + + protein localisation to cell junction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in cell junction + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - TODO - developmental relationships for lines - TAO:0007044 - ZFA:0007044 - MHB neural plate - midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate - uberon - UBERON:0009615 - midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge. + jl + 2013-10-22T12:36:07Z + protein localisation in cell leading edge + protein localisation to cell leading edge + protein localization in cell leading edge + biological_process + GO:1902463 + protein localization to cell leading edge - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:lb + PMID:21543326 - - - - - - - - - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/438 - Bgee:AN + + + protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - MHB neural plate - + protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate - ZFA:0007044 + protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. - TODO - unify naming conventions - - BAMS:MES - EFO:0003432 - EHDAA2:0000615 - EMAPA:16140 - TAO:0000148 - ZFA:0000148 - presumptive mesencephalon - uberon - early midbrain - future midbrain - mesencephalon - UBERON:0009616 - - presumptive midbrain + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. + kmv + 2013-10-25T15:09:09Z + regulation of protein localisation to synapse + biological_process + GO:1902473 + regulation of protein localization to synapse - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + PMID:22588719 - + - presumptive mesencephalon - ZFA:0000148 - - - - - early midbrain - - - - - - future midbrain - - - - - - mesencephalon - EHDAA2:0000615 + regulation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. - A major contributor to neurocranium [PMID:16313393] - EHDAA2:0000736 - EHDAA:364 - EMAPA:16171 - cephalic paraxial mesenchyme - cephalic paraxial mesoderm - cranial paraxial mesenchyme - cranial paraxial mesoderm - head paraxial mesenchyme - uberon - somitomere - somitomeric mesoderm - UBERON:0009617 - head paraxial mesoderm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. + kmv + 2013-10-25T15:09:18Z + positive regulation of protein localisation to synapse + up regulation of protein localisation to synapse + up regulation of protein localization to synapse + up-regulation of protein localisation to synapse + up-regulation of protein localization to synapse + upregulation of protein localisation to synapse + upregulation of protein localization to synapse + activation of protein localisation to synapse + activation of protein localization to synapse + biological_process + GO:1902474 + positive regulation of protein localization to synapse - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + PMID:22588719 - + - cephalic paraxial mesenchyme - + positive regulation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - cephalic paraxial mesoderm - + up regulation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - cranial paraxial mesenchyme - + up regulation of protein localization to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - cranial paraxial mesoderm - + up-regulation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - head paraxial mesenchyme - - EHDAA2:0000736 + up-regulation of protein localization to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0002094 - trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme - uberon - trunk paraxial mesenchyme - UBERON:0009618 - trunk paraxial mesoderm - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + upregulation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0002094 + upregulation of protein localization to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - - - trunk paraxial mesenchyme - + + + activation of protein localisation to synapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to synapse + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A somite that is part of a tail. - AAO:0010383 - EMAPA:16860 - XAO:0003143 - uberon - UBERON:0009621 - tail somite + Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte. + cls + 2013-11-12T15:30:08Z + epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + cholangiocyte apoptosis + epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902488 + cholangiocyte apoptotic process - + - A somite that is part of a tail. - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:22961800 - - - - - - - - EMAPA:35878 - MA:0001859 - uberon - UBERON:0009644 - trachea non-cartilage connective tissue - - - - - MA + + + epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. - MA classifies as type of connective tissue: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/108 - - EMAPA:37809 - MA:0001832 - NCIT:C49208 - UMLS:C1707051 - bronchial basement membrane - uberon - UBERON:0009652 - bronchus basement membrane + Any apoptotic process in a hepatoblast. + cls + 2013-11-12T17:02:52Z + hepatoblast apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902489 + hepatoblast apoptotic process - - - - - - - - - true - - - - + - A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - MA classifies as type of connective tissue: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/108 - MA - - - - - EMAPA:37809 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1707051 - ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Basement_Membrane + Any apoptotic process in a hepatoblast. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:22412967 - - - bronchial basement membrane - + + + hepatoblast apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A basement membrane that is part of a trachea. - - EMAPA:37552 - MA:0001854 - NCIT:C49302 - UMLS:C1710455 - uberon - UBERON:0009653 - trachea basement membrane + A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19980 + bhm + 2013-11-13T16:18:47Z + enzyme complex + cellular_component + GO:1902494 + + catalytic complex - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - MA-modified - - - + - A basement membrane that is part of a trachea. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37552 - MA:th + A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + PMID:8077207 - - - UMLS:C1710455 - ncithesaurus:Trachea_Basement_Membrane + + + enzyme complex + GOC:bhm + GOC:jl - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - - + + - labial artery - - EMAPA:37092 - MA:0001987 - NCIT:C52947 - UMLS:C1708633 - uberon - UBERON:0009657 - artery of lip + A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other. + bhm + 2013-11-13T16:23:04Z + cellular_component + GO:1902495 + transmembrane transporter complex - - - labial artery - MA:0001987 - - - - - EMAPA:37092 - MA:th - - - - - UMLS:C1708633 - ncithesaurus:Labial_Artery + + + A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + PMID:18024586 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - Nucleus located in the midbrain. - - TAO:0002209 - ZFA:0001665 - uberon - UBERON:0009661 - midbrain nucleus + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + hjd + 2013-11-15T18:28:32Z + regulation of DNA fragmentation + regulation of chromatinolysis + regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902510 + DNA fragmentation in response to apoptotic signals is achieved through the activity of apoptotic nucleases (see GO:0006309 'apoptotic DNA fragmentation'). Gene products involved in compartmentalization of such nucleases and in activation or repression of their enzymatic activity should be annotated to the regulation term GO:1902510 'regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation' or to one of its children (see PMID:15723341). + regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation - + - Nucleus located in the midbrain. - ZFIN:curator + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:hjd + PMID:15572351 + PMID:15723341 + + + + + regulation of DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of chromatinolysis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Nucleus located within the hindbrain. - TAO:0002177 - ZFA:0001658 - uberon - UBERON:0009662 - hindbrain nucleus + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + hjd + 2013-11-15T18:28:41Z + down regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + down regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + down regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + down regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + down regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + down-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + down-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + down-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + down-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + down-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + downregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + downregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + downregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + downregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + downregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + negative regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + negative regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + negative regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + negative regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + inhibition of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + inhibition of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + inhibition of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + inhibition of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + inhibition of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902511 + negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation - + - Nucleus located within the hindbrain. - ZFIN:curator + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:hjd + PMID:15572351 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0004566 - EMAPA:32911 - MA:0003203 - uberon - peritoneal cavity mesentary - peritoneal mesentary - UBERON:0009664 - gut mesentery - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - peritoneal cavity mesentary - + + + down regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - peritoneal mesentary - + + + down regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. - EHDAA2:0004586 - uberon - UBERON:0009669 - embryonic cloacal lumen + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + hjd + 2013-11-15T18:28:50Z + positive regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + positive regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + positive regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + positive regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + up regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + up regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + up regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + up regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + up regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + up-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + up-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + up-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + up-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + up-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + upregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + upregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + upregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + upregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + upregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + activation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + activation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + activation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + activation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + activation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1902512 + positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation - + - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:hjd + PMID:15572351 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. - - EHDAA2:0004587 - EMAPA:18388 - FMA:14598 - lumen of rectum - uberon - UBERON:0009670 - rectal lumen - - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + positive regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie - + - lumen of rectum - FMA:14598 + positive regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0001371 - uberon - pancreatis dorsalis - UBERON:0009708 - - - dorsal pancreas - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + up regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0001393 - uberon - pancreatis ventralis - UBERON:0009709 - - - ventral pancreas - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + up-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. - Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. - - EHDAA2:0002188 - EMAPA:17341 - FMA:9536 - NCIT:C102343 - VHOG:0001235 - right ventricle endocardium - right ventricular endocardium - uberon - endocardial lining of right ventricle - right ventricle endocardial tissue - UBERON:0009712 - endocardium of right ventricle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule. + dph + 2013-11-15T20:15:17Z + regulation of microtubule-based organelle localization + biological_process + GO:1902513 + regulation of organelle transport along microtubule - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + PMID:21147087 - - - + + + regulation of microtubule-based organelle localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + bf + 2013-12-02T11:32:52Z + GO:0010627 + regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + regulation of intracellular signaling chain + regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade + regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + biological_process + regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GO:1902531 + regulation of intracellular signal transduction + - + - Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:signaling + GOC:tb - - - Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. - FMA:9536 + + + regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie - + - right ventricle endocardium - VHOG:0001235 + regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie - - - right ventricular endocardium - FMA:9536 + + + regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie - + + + regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + - endocardial lining of right ventricle - EMAPA:17341 + regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie - + - right ventricle endocardial tissue - VHOG:0001235 + regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. - Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve, aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. - - EHDAA2:0002182 - EMAPA:17338 - FMA:9559 - VHOG:0001233 - left ventricle endocardium - left ventricular endocardium - uberon - endocardial lining of left ventricle - left ventricle endocardial tissue - UBERON:0009713 - endocardium of left ventricle - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + bf + 2013-12-02T11:33:01Z + GO:0010741 + down regulation of intracellular signal transduction + down regulation of intracellular signaling chain + down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction + down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain + downregulation of intracellular signal transduction + downregulation of intracellular signaling chain + negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade + negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain + down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade + downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + inhibition of intracellular signal transduction + inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway + inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade + inhibition of intracellular signaling chain + inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + biological_process + down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway + downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway + inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GO:1902532 + negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:signaling + GOC:tb - - - Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. - + + + down regulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie - - - Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve, aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. - FMA:9559 + + + down regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie - + - left ventricle endocardium - VHOG:0001233 + down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie - + - left ventricular endocardium - FMA:9559 + down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie - + + + downregulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + - endocardial lining of left ventricle - EMAPA:17338 + down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie - + - left ventricle endocardial tissue - VHOG:0001233 + down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. - lumen of stomatodaeum - lumen of stomodeum - stomatodeal cavity - uberon - UBERON:0009715 - stomodeal lumen - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + bf + 2013-12-02T11:33:10Z + GO:0010740 + positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain + up regulation of intracellular signal transduction + up regulation of intracellular signaling chain + up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction + up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain + upregulation of intracellular signal transduction + upregulation of intracellular signaling chain + activation of intracellular signal transduction + activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + activation of intracellular signaling cascade + activation of intracellular signaling chain + activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade + positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + biological_process + activation of intracellular signaling pathway + activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade + upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway + upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GO:1902533 + positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GOC:signaling + GOC:tb + - - - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intracellular signal transduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intracellular signaling chain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0004621 - EMAPA:32754 - FMA:293087 - uberon - pharyngeal arch endoderm - UBERON:0009722 - entire pharyngeal arch endoderm + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus. + mah + 2013-12-10T16:25:28Z + protein localisation in nucleolus + protein localisation to nucleolus + protein localization in nucleolus + biological_process + GO:1902570 + protein localization to nucleolus - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus. + GOC:TermGenie + PMID:22809626 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal arch endoderm - EHDAA2:0004621 + + + protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. - decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. In EHDAA2 this lasts CS12->unbounded, includes mesenchyme of individual components as parts - EHDAA2:0004162 - EMAPA:36438 - heart mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0009751 - - cardiac mesenchyme + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + jl + 2014-02-05T16:32:01Z + down regulation of RNA anabolism + down regulation of RNA biosynthesis + down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + down regulation of RNA formation + down regulation of RNA synthesis + down-regulation of RNA anabolism + down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis + down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + down-regulation of RNA formation + down-regulation of RNA synthesis + downregulation of RNA anabolism + downregulation of RNA biosynthesis + downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process + downregulation of RNA formation + downregulation of RNA synthesis + negative regulation of RNA anabolism + negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis + negative regulation of RNA formation + negative regulation of RNA synthesis + inhibition of RNA anabolism + inhibition of RNA biosynthesis + inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process + inhibition of RNA formation + inhibition of RNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:1902679 + negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process - + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. - MP:0011264 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + GO:jl + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 - + - heart mesenchyme - EMAPA:36438 + down regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. - - EFO:0002557 - EMAPA:26220 - uberon - UBERON:0009752 - - - - pancreas mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + jl + 2014-02-05T16:32:10Z + positive regulation of RNA anabolism + positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis + positive regulation of RNA formation + positive regulation of RNA synthesis + up regulation of RNA anabolism + up regulation of RNA biosynthesis + up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + up regulation of RNA formation + up regulation of RNA synthesis + up-regulation of RNA anabolism + up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis + up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + up-regulation of RNA formation + up-regulation of RNA synthesis + upregulation of RNA anabolism + upregulation of RNA biosynthesis + upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process + upregulation of RNA formation + upregulation of RNA synthesis + activation of RNA anabolism + activation of RNA biosynthesis + activation of RNA biosynthetic process + activation of RNA formation + activation of RNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:1902680 + positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process - + - The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. - MP:0011265 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + GO:jl + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + + + + + positive regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RNA anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RNA biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RNA formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of RNA synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. - - uberon - UBERON:0009758 - abdominal ganglion + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation. + rl + 2014-02-18T10:03:31Z + biological_process + GO:1902692 + regulation of neuroblast proliferation - + - A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:21168496 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - + + - A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. - despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac - - EHDAA2:0004737 - FMA:9690 - uberon - UBERON:0009778 - - pleural sac + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + mr + 2014-02-26T15:36:15Z + biological_process + GO:1902738 + regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA-abduced-lr - - - + - A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. - - - - - - despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac - EHDAA2 + Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:8662546 - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. - acinar - acinus - - FMA:55588 - uberon - acini - UBERON:0009842 - glandular acinus - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png - + Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. + pr + 2014-02-28T13:09:43Z + apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + biological_process + apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GO:1902742 + apoptotic process involved in development + + + + + Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:pg + GO_REF:0000060 + - - - The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. - + + + apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - acinus - FMA:55588 + + + apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + + + apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + - acini - - + apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. - cloacal epithelium - EHDAA2:0004585 - uberon - UBERON:0009846 - embryonic cloacal epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development. + mr + 2014-03-07T17:45:55Z + up regulation of chondrocyte development + up-regulation of chondrocyte development + upregulation of chondrocyte development + activation of chondrocyte development + biological_process + GO:1902761 + positive regulation of chondrocyte development - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16575901 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of chondrocyte development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of chondrocyte development + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + + + upregulation of chondrocyte development + GOC:TermGenie - - - cloacal epithelium - EHDAA2:0004585 + + + activation of chondrocyte development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage. - - uberon - UBERON:0009850 - nematode larva + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + mr + 2014-03-26T21:18:26Z + biological_process + GO:1902809 + regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation - + - A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17879321 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. - FBbt:00100316 - uberon - diverticulum of gut - intestinal pouch - UBERON:0009854 - digestive tract diverticulum + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + mr + 2014-03-26T21:18:32Z + down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902810 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation - + - Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17879321 - - - diverticulum of gut - FBbt:00100316 + + + down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - galen:Diverticulum - pouch - uberon - diverticulum - UBERON:0009856 - sac + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + mr + 2014-03-26T21:18:38Z + up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + activation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902811 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17879321 + + + + + up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. - We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach - UBERON:0009034 - - - EMAPA:35821 - FMA:14558 - MA:0002561 - gastric zone - region of stomach - section of stomach - uberon - UBERON:0009870 - zone of stomach - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Regions_of_stomach.svg + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule. + tb + 2014-03-27T22:07:12Z + regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + biological_process + GO:1902816 + regulation of protein localization to microtubule - + - A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. - - ISBN:0073040584 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23087209 - + - gastric zone - FMA:14558 + regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EFO:0003704 - TAO:0005041 - ZFA:0005041 - ALPM - uberon - UBERON:0009881 - - anterior lateral plate mesoderm + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule. + tb + 2014-03-27T22:07:18Z + down regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + down regulation of protein localization to microtubule + down-regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + down-regulation of protein localization to microtubule + downregulation of protein localisation to microtubule + downregulation of protein localization to microtubule + negative regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + inhibition of protein localisation to microtubule + inhibition of protein localization to microtubule + biological_process + GO:1902817 + negative regulation of protein localization to microtubule - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23087209 - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + down regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - ALPM - ZFA:0005041 + down regulation of protein localization to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). - extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708]. - In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested - in mouse has left ventricular identity[PMID:22855565] - XAO:0004186 - anterior heart field - anterior/second heart field - second heart field - uberon - SHF - UBERON:0009889 - secondary heart field - - - - - - - - - - GO:0003129 + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + down-regulation of protein localization to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + downregulation of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). - GO:0003139 - GOC:mtg_heart - GOC:rl + + + downregulation of protein localization to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708]. - + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested - + + + inhibition of protein localisation to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + + + inhibition of protein localization to microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + vw + 2014-04-01T13:50:23Z + regulation of nuclear movement, microtubule-mediated + regulation of nucleus migration + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + biological_process + GO:1902838 + regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23087209 + + + + + regulation of nuclear movement, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of nucleus migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + - anterior heart field - + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - anterior/second heart field - Geisha:syn - NCBITaxon:8782 + regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - second heart field - XAO:0004186 + regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - - - SHF - XAO:0004186 + + + regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. - EMAPA:35337 - FMA:302884 - face mesenchyme - mesenchyme of face - uberon - UBERON:0009891 - facial mesenchyme + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + vw + 2014-04-01T13:50:29Z + down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + down regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + down regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + down regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + down regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + down regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + down regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + down regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + down-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + down-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + down-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + down-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + down-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + downregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + downregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + downregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + downregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + downregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + downregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + downregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + negative regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + negative regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + negative regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + negative regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + inhibition of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + inhibition of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + inhibition of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + inhibition of nuclear migration along microtubule + inhibition of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + inhibition of transport of nucleus by microtubules + inhibition of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + biological_process + GO:1902839 + negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23087209 - - - - - - - - todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland) - - FMA:45737 - NCIT:C12990 - UMLS:C0921005 - lobulus - uberon - UBERON:0009911 - - lobule - - - - - cjm + + + down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0921005 - ncithesaurus:Lobule + + + down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - lobulus - FMA:45737 - FMA:TA - + down regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. - - FMA:45728 - NCIT:C13393 - lobus - uberon - UBERON:0009912 - - anatomical lobe - - - - - cjm + + + down regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie - - - A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. - ncithesaurus:Lobe + + + down regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie - + - lobus - FMA:45728 - FMA:TA - + down regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0001315 - EHDAA:1122 - uberon - UBERON:0009920 - optic neural crest - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. - MA:0002405 - postnatal organism - TS28 mouse - post-hatching organism - post-natal organism - postnatal mouse - uberon - UBERON:0009953 - post-embryonic organism - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/667 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + vw + 2014-04-01T13:50:35Z + positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + positive regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + positive regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + positive regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + positive regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + up regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + up regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + up regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + up regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + up regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + up regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + up regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + up-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + up-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + up-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + up-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + up-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + upregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + upregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + upregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + upregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + upregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + upregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + upregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + activation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + activation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + activation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + activation of nuclear migration along microtubule + activation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + activation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + activation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + biological_process + GO:1902840 + positive regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule - + - A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23087209 - + + + positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + - TS28 mouse - MA:0002405 + activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - post-hatching organism - + activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - post-natal organism - + activation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning + GOC:TermGenie - + - postnatal mouse - MA:0002405 + activation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of nuclear migration along microtubule + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of transport of nucleus by microtubules + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. - Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. - While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) - - EFO:0003460 - TAO:0001309 - XAO:0004620 - ZFA:0001309 - neurogenic placodes - uberon - placodae neurogenicae - UBERON:0009955 - - neurogenic placode + Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. + vw + 2014-04-02T14:19:38Z + microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis + microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis + biological_process + microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis + GO:1902850 + microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis - - - - cjm - - - + - Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. - - + Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000060 + PMID:18799626 - - - While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) - NCBIBook:NBK53171 + + + microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - neurogenic placodes - ZFA:0001309 - + microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - placodae neurogenicae - - + microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. - in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses of this - EFO:0002556 - FMA:67681 - pancreatic duct epithelium - pancreatic ductal epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0009970 - - epithelium of pancreatic duct + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:00Z + regulation of embryonic eye development + biological_process + GO:1902863 + regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development - - - - - - - - - FMA-inferred - - - + - An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - pancreatic duct epithelium - FMA:67681 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - + - pancreatic ductal epithelium - FMA:67681 + regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. - CARO:0010000 - FBbt:00100313 - multicellular structure - uberon - UBERON:0010000 - - multicellular anatomical structure + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:06Z + down regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + down regulation of embryonic eye development + down-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + down-regulation of embryonic eye development + downregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + downregulation of embryonic eye development + negative regulation of embryonic eye development + inhibition of embryonic camera-type eye development + inhibition of embryonic eye development + biological_process + GO:1902864 + negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development - - - - CARO + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - - - An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. - CARO:0010000 + + + down regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie - + - multicellular structure - FBbt:00100313 + down regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. - CARO:0010001 - FBbt:00007229 - uberon - UBERON:0010001 - - Examples include arthropod sensilla. - cell cluster organ - - - - - CARO + + + down-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - CARO + + + down-regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - FBbt + + + downregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie - - - A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. - CARO:0010001 + + + downregulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. - EHDAA2:0004076 - EMAPA:32765 - FMA:318209 - 6th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme - uberon - 6th branchial arch mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme - UBERON:0010031 - 6th arch mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:12Z + positive regulation of embryonic eye development + up regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + up regulation of embryonic eye development + up-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + up-regulation of embryonic eye development + upregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + upregulation of embryonic eye development + activation of embryonic camera-type eye development + activation of embryonic eye development + biological_process + GO:1902865 + positive regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. - This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates - BSA:0000123 - TADS:0000172 - TGMA:0001041 - uberon - UBERON:0010039 - - - food storage organ - - - - An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. - + + + positive regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of embryonic camera-type eye development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of embryonic eye development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. - EMAPA:16128 - mesenchyme of 1st arch - uberon - UBERON:0010042 - 1st arch mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:17Z + regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + biological_process + regulation of retinal development + GO:1902866 + regulation of retina development in camera-type eye - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - + - mesenchyme of 1st arch - EMAPA:16128 + regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. - EHDAA2:0000041 - EMAPA:16391 - mesenchyme of maxillary component - uberon - maxillary component mesenchyme - maxillary mesenchyme - UBERON:0010045 - 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:23Z + down regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + down regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + down-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + down-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + downregulation of retina development in camera-style eye + downregulation of retina development in camera-type eye + negative regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + inhibition of retina development in camera-style eye + inhibition of retina development in camera-type eye + biological_process + down regulation of retinal development + down-regulation of retinal development + downregulation of retinal development + inhibition of retinal development + negative regulation of retinal development + GO:1902867 + negative regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - + - mesenchyme of maxillary component - EMAPA:16391 + down regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. - EHDAA2:0001459 - EMAPA:16550 - XAO:0004524 - associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region - entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0010046 - entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + down-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. - - XAO:0004524 + + + downregulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - + - associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region - EMAPA:16550 + downregulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie - + - entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme - + negative regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0001459 + + + inhibition of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. - Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa - UBERON:0003293 - EHDAA2:0001327 - EHDAA:2181 - EMAPA:16572 - EMAPA:16723 - VHOG:0000652 - buccal gland - uberon - gland of oral opening - gland of oral region - mouth gland - oral cavity gland - oral region gland - UBERON:0010047 - oral gland - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + mr + 2014-04-03T15:24:29Z + positive regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + up regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + up regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + up-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + up-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + upregulation of retina development in camera-style eye + upregulation of retina development in camera-type eye + activation of retina development in camera-style eye + activation of retina development in camera-type eye + biological_process + activation of retinal development + positive regulation of retinal development + up regulation of retinal development + up-regulation of retinal development + upregulation of retinal development + GO:1902868 + positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. - ISBN:0073040584 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16872597 - - - Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. - TODO - coordinate with CL, add cuboidal cell - in NCIT this is glandular - - - NCIT:C32415 - UMLS:C0682577 - uberon - UBERON:0010077 - cuboidal epithelium - - - - An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. - + + + up regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - in NCIT this is glandular - NCIT + + + up regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0682577 - ncithesaurus:Cuboidal_Epithelium + + + up-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of retina development in camera-style eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of retina development in camera-type eye + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of retinal development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. - EHDAA2:0000595 - uberon - UBERON:0010081 - future common hepatic duct + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. + rl + 2014-04-15T16:46:36Z + biological_process + regulation of fibril organisation + GO:1902903 + HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro + regulation of supramolecular fiber organization - + - An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23921388 + + + + + regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. - check development - EHDAA2:0000598 - uberon - UBERON:0010083 - future dermis + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization. + rl + 2014-04-15T16:46:42Z + inhibition of fibril organisation + inhibition of fibril organization + biological_process + down regulation of fibril organisation + down regulation of fibril organization + down-regulation of fibril organisation + down-regulation of fibril organization + downregulation of fibril organisation + downregulation of fibril organization + negative regulation of fibril organisation + GO:1902904 + HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro + negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23921388 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + inhibition of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - XAO + + + inhibition of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. - EHDAA2:0000599 - uberon - UBERON:0010084 - future diaphragm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. + rl + 2014-04-15T16:46:48Z + activation of fibril organisation + activation of fibril organization + biological_process + positive regulation of fibril organisation + up regulation of fibril organisation + up regulation of fibril organization + up-regulation of fibril organisation + up-regulation of fibril organization + upregulation of fibril organisation + upregulation of fibril organization + GO:1902905 + HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro + positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23921388 - - - - - - - - - + + + activation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + activation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. - + + + positive regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. - EHDAA2:0000623 - uberon - UBERON:0010092 - future metencephalon + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. + mr + 2014-04-18T21:06:42Z + up regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + up-regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + upregulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1902913 + positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation - + - A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16916506 + + + + + up regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. - EHDAA2:0000640 - uberon - UBERON:0010096 - future myelencephalon + The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. + jl + 2014-05-13T12:36:03Z + organelle degradation + biological_process + GO:1903008 + organelle disassembly - + - A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. - OBOL:automatic + The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000079 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. - EHDAA2:0004644 - uberon - UBERON:0010125 - future superior salivatory nucleus - - - - - A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - - - - - Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. - EHDAA2:0004528 - FMA:83378 - specialized conducting tissue of heart - specialized muscle tissue of heart - uberon - UBERON:0010131 - conducting tissue of heart + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + mr + 2014-05-13T22:41:53Z + biological_process + GO:1903010 + regulation of bone development - + - Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. - - - - - - specialized conducting tissue of heart - FMA:83378 - - - - - specialized muscle tissue of heart - FMA:83378 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22510437 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli. - MA:0000720 - neuroendocrine system gland - uberon - UBERON:0010133 - - neuroendocrine gland + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + mr + 2014-05-13T22:42:00Z + down regulation of bone development + down-regulation of bone development + downregulation of bone development + inhibition of bone development + biological_process + GO:1903011 + negative regulation of bone development - + - Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli. - ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - MP:0000631 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22510437 + + + + + down regulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of bone development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. - uberon - epidermal mucus - skin mucous - UBERON:0010152 - skin mucus + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + mr + 2014-05-13T22:42:06Z + up regulation of bone development + up-regulation of bone development + upregulation of bone development + activation of bone development + biological_process + GO:1903012 + positive regulation of bone development - + - A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22510437 - - - epidermal mucus - BTO:0005082 + + + up regulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of bone development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. - - FMA:312610 - blood vessel lumen - uberon - UBERON:0010161 - lumen of blood vessel + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + rl + 2014-05-14T18:44:19Z + regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + biological_process + GO:1903018 + human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein + regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process - + - An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23544079 + + + + + regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - The distal end of the tail. - EMAPA:37760 - MA:0002848 - XAO:0004057 - tail tip - uberon - end of tail - UBERON:0010162 - - post-anal tail tip + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + rl + 2014-05-14T18:44:25Z + down regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + down regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + downregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism + negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + inhibition of glycoprotein metabolic process + inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism + biological_process + GO:1903019 + human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein + negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process - - - - - - - - - MA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23544079 - - - The distal end of the tail. - + + + down regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37760 - MA:th + + + down regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - tail tip - MA:0002848 + down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - end of tail - MA:0002848 + + + down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - A trabecula that is part of a liver. - liver trabeculae - uberon - hepatic trabecula - UBERON:0010183 - liver trabecula + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + rl + 2014-05-14T18:44:31Z + positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + up regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + up regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + upregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + upregulation of glycoprotein metabolism + activation of glycoprotein metabolic process + activation of glycoprotein metabolism + biological_process + GO:1903020 + human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein + positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process - + - A trabecula that is part of a liver. - GO:0060344 - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23544079 - + - liver trabeculae - + positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - A roughly circular bulge in a surface. - requires review - AEO:0000205 - EHDAA2:0003250 - FMA:82506 - uberon - UBERON:0010188 - protuberance - - - - - FMA + + + up regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - A roughly circular bulge in a surface. - EHDAA2:0003250 + + + up regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The paired arterial structures of the embryo that supplies each developing somite via efferent segmental arteries; the dorsal aortae articulate with the umbilical arteries, which return mixed blood to the villi of the chorion for reoxygenation. - EHDAA2:0000410 - EMAPA:18606 - MA:0000476 - paired dorsal aortae - uberon - UBERON:0010190 - - pair of dorsal aortae - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - The paired arterial structures of the embryo that supplies each developing somite via efferent segmental arteries; the dorsal aortae articulate with the umbilical arteries, which return mixed blood to the villi of the chorion for reoxygenation. - ISBN:0-914294-08-3 - MP:0004787 + + + upregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - paired dorsal aortae - EHDAA2:0000410 + upregulation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of glycoprotein metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of glycoprotein metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - EHDAA2:0004512 - uberon - UBERON:0010191 - aortic system + + A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. + jl + 2014-05-22T14:22:28Z + biological_process + GO:1903046 + + + meiotic cell cycle process - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + + A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cell_cycle + GO_REF:0000060 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. - - gonadal artery - uberon - UBERON:0010192 - genital artery + A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. + jl + 2014-05-22T14:22:34Z + biological_process + GO:1903047 + + mitotic cell cycle process - - - - - - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. - - ISBN:0073040584 + A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cell_cycle + GO_REF:0000060 - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. - Part of the circulatory system which includes the ventral abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and portal vein and collects blood from the pelvic region, liver, gall bladder and stomach.[AAO] - AAO:0010225 - hepatic-portal system - portal system of liver - uberon - UBERON:0010194 - hepatic portal system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + rl + 2014-05-23T17:15:41Z + regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + biological_process + regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GO:1903053 + regulation of extracellular matrix organization - + - A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. - ISBN:0073040584 - - - - - Part of the circulatory system which includes the ventral abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and portal vein and collects blood from the pelvic region, liver, gall bladder and stomach.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010225 - AAO - AAO:BJB + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22357537 - + - hepatic-portal system - AAO:0010225 - - - - - - - - - An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. - CARO:0001004 - uberon - UBERON:0010199 - - One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) - bona-fide anatomical boundary - - - - - - CARO + regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. - CARO:0001004 + + + regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail. - isa blood vessel in XAO - TAO:0005037 - XAO:0004151 - ZFA:0005037 - post-vent vasculature - uberon - tail vasculature - UBERON:0010204 - tail vasculature + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + rl + 2014-05-23T17:15:47Z + down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + down regulation of extracellular matrix organization + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization + downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation + downregulation of extracellular matrix organization + negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation + inhibition of extracellular matrix organization + biological_process + down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GO:1903054 + negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization - + - A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22357537 - - - isa blood vessel in XAO - XAO + + + down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - post-vent vasculature - ZFA:0005037 + down regulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie - + + + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + - tail vasculature - ZFA:0005037 + down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. - FMA:71005 - TAO:0002228 - ZFA:0001718 - presumptive atrium heart tube - primordial atrium - primordial cardiac atrium - uberon - UBERON:0010227 - future cardiac atrium + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + rl + 2014-05-23T17:15:53Z + positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + up regulation of extracellular matrix organization + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization + upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation + upregulation of extracellular matrix organization + activation of extracellular matrix organisation + activation of extracellular matrix organization + biological_process + activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GO:1903055 + positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - + - Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. - ZFA:0001718 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22357537 - + - presumptive atrium heart tube - ZFA:0001718 + positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - primordial atrium - FMA:71005 + up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - primordial cardiac atrium - FMA:71005 + up regulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. - See notes for camera-type eye - - - - FMA:12513 - MIAA:0000283 - VHOG:0001616 - bulbus oculi - eye globe - eyeball - uberon - eye - globe - UBERON:0010230 - - eyeball of camera-type eye - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. - UBERON:cjm + + + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - eye globe - VHOG:0001616 + upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - eyeball - FMA:12513 + upregulation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie - + + + activation of extracellular matrix organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of extracellular matrix organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + - eye - + activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - globe - HP:0100886 - MIAA:0000283 + positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0000037 - uberon - UBERON:0010252 - 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + tb + 2009-07-10T10:32:44Z + GO:0090003 + GO:1905963 + regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + biological_process + regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + regulation of establishment of protein localization in plasma membrane + regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane + regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GO:1903076 + regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane - - - - inferred + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11602640 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:mah - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0000044 - uberon - UBERON:0010253 - 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + tb + 2014-05-29T17:10:16Z + GO:0090005 + GO:1905964 + down regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + down regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + down regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + down-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + down-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + down-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + downregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + downregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + downregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + negative regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + inhibition of protein localisation in plasma membrane + inhibition of protein localization in plasma membrane + inhibition of protein localization to plasma membrane + inhibition of protein targeting to plasma membrane + inhibition of protein-plasma membrane targeting + biological_process + down regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + down regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + down-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + down-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + downregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + downregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + negative regulation of establishment of protein localization in plasma membrane + negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane + negative regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + negative regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + negative regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GO:1903077 + negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11602640 + - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - EHDAA2:0000098 - EMAPA:16772 - VHOG:0000580 - 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest - mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch - neural crest derived arch 4 mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest - uberon - branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest - UBERON:0010256 - 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + tb + 2009-07-10T10:34:17Z + GO:0090004 + GO:1905965 + positive regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + positive regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + up regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + up regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + up regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + up-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + up-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + up-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + upregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + upregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + upregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + activation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + activation of protein localization in plasma membrane + activation of protein localization to plasma membrane + activation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + activation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + biological_process + positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane + positive regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + positive regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + up regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + up regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + up-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + up-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + upregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + upregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GO:1903078 + positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11602640 + - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-inferred + + + up regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000580 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + + + up-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest - VHOG:0000580 + up-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch - EMAPA:16772 + up-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement. + al + 2014-06-12T16:55:57Z + biological_process + GO:1903115 + regulation of actin filament-based movement + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24798735 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004077 - neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest - uberon - branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest - UBERON:0010257 - 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement. + al + 2014-06-12T16:56:04Z + up regulation of actin filament-based movement + up-regulation of actin filament-based movement + upregulation of actin filament-based movement + activation of actin filament-based movement + biological_process + GO:1903116 + positive regulation of actin filament-based movement - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24798735 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of actin filament-based movement + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of actin filament-based movement + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-inferred + + + upregulation of actin filament-based movement + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + activation of actin filament-based movement + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. - EHDAA2:0004423 - uberon - UBERON:0010258 - mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton. + mah + 2014-06-16T11:27:09Z + protein localisation in actin cytoskeleton + protein localisation to actin cytoskeleton + protein localization in actin cytoskeleton + biological_process + GO:1903119 + protein localization to actin cytoskeleton - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:24798735 - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. - OBOL:automatic + + + protein localisation in actin cytoskeleton + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localisation to actin cytoskeleton + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in actin cytoskeleton + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. - EMAPA:16129 - mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch - neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest - uberon - branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest - UBERON:0010259 - 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle. + mah + 2014-06-16T11:27:16Z + protein localisation in actin filament bundle + protein localisation to actin filament bundle + protein localization in actin filament bundle + biological_process + protein localization to actin cable + GO:1903120 + protein localization to actin filament bundle - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-inferred + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:24798735 - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + protein localisation in actin filament bundle + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch - EMAPA:16129 + protein localisation to actin filament bundle + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in actin filament bundle + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization to actin cable + GOC:mah - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. - AAO:0000700 - vertebral column opening - vertebral conduit - uberon - UBERON:0010276 - space in vertebral column + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell. + cls + 2014-06-25T15:47:09Z + biological_process + GO:1903131 + mononuclear cell differentiation - + - Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - vertebral column opening - AAO:0000700 + The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell. + CL:0000842 + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000086 + PMID:24759906 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + als + 2014-07-29T13:22:35Z + regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1903224 + regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23154389 + + + + + regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. - DHBA:12322 - EFO:0003567 - EHDAA2:0004375 - TAO:0000761 - ZFA:0000761 - basal plate midbrain - basal plate midbrain region - uberon - UBERON:0010285 - - midbrain basal plate + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + als + 2014-07-29T13:22:41Z + down regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + down regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + down-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + down-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + downregulation of endoderm cell differentiation + downregulation of endodermal cell differentiation + negative regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + inhibition of endoderm cell differentiation + inhibition of endodermal cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1903225 + negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23154389 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + down regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. - ZFA:0000761 + + + down-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - basal plate midbrain - TAO:0000761 + down-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - basal plate midbrain region - ZFA:0000761 + downregulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. - we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed - TAO:0007039 - ZFA:0007039 - uberon - UBERON:0010286 - midbrain neural tube + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + als + 2014-07-29T13:22:47Z + positive regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + up regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + up regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + up-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + up-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + upregulation of endoderm cell differentiation + upregulation of endodermal cell differentiation + activation of endoderm cell differentiation + activation of endodermal cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1903226 + positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation - - - - ZFA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23154389 - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. - ZFA:0007039 + + + up regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of endoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of endodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - uberon - UBERON:0010291 - layer of sclera + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane. + mah + 2014-08-12T14:22:31Z + protein localisation in Golgi membrane + protein localisation to Golgi membrane + protein localization in Golgi membrane + biological_process + GO:1903292 + protein localization to Golgi membrane - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:11378902 + + + + + protein localisation in Golgi membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localisation to Golgi membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in Golgi membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - An endothelium that is part of a sclera. - uberon - UBERON:0010294 - scleral endothelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + vw + 2014-08-18T13:16:04Z + biological_process + GO:1903335 + regulation of vacuolar transport - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - An endothelium that is part of a sclera. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A stroma that is part of a sclera. - subsantia propria - - - FMA:58365 - NCIT:C33652 - UMLS:C1704397 - scleral stroma - stroma of sclera - subsantia propria sclerae - substantia propria sclerae - uberon - UBERON:0010295 - substantia propria of sclera + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + vw + 2014-08-18T13:16:11Z + down regulation of vacuolar transport + down-regulation of vacuolar transport + downregulation of vacuolar transport + inhibition of vacuolar transport + biological_process + GO:1903336 + negative regulation of vacuolar transport - - - - Wikipedia - - - + - A stroma that is part of a sclera. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C1704397 - ncithesaurus:Substantia_Propria + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 - + - scleral stroma - FMA:58365 + down regulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - stroma of sclera - FMA:58365 + down-regulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - subsantia propria sclerae - FMA:58365 + downregulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - substantia propria sclerae - FMA:58365 - FMA:TA - + + + inhibition of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. - The mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup differentiates into the sclera, the dense fibrous coat of the eye.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496288 - uberon - UBERON:0010299 - scleral mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + vw + 2014-08-18T13:16:19Z + up regulation of vacuolar transport + up-regulation of vacuolar transport + upregulation of vacuolar transport + activation of vacuolar transport + biological_process + GO:1903337 + positive regulation of vacuolar transport - + - Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + + + + + up regulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vacuolar transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. - extra-embryonic epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0010303 - extraembryonic epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. + hjd + 2014-08-20T19:36:16Z + regulation of nuclear organisation + regulation of nuclear organization + biological_process + regulation of nuclear morphology + regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis + regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis + GO:1903353 + regulation of nucleus organization - + - An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - - - - - Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. - - FMA:45569 - epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum - nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium - stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium - stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0010304 - non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - - - - - - FMA + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16943282 - - - Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. - - FMA:45569 + + + regulation of nuclear organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum - FMA:45569 + regulation of nuclear organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium - FMA:45569 + + + regulation of nuclear morphology + GOC:TermGenie - - - stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium - + + + regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium - + + + regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. - Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] - TAO:0002201 - ZFA:0001678 - future eye - uberon - UBERON:0010312 - immature eye + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization. + als + 2014-08-21T10:22:22Z + regulation of Golgi organisation + biological_process + regulation of Golgi organization and biogenesis + GO:1903358 + regulation of Golgi organization - - - - - - - - - definitional + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17562788 - - - Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. - ZFA:0001678 + + + regulation of Golgi organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0002201 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + regulation of Golgi organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. - Grouping term for query purposes - uberon - UBERON:0010313 - - neural crest-derived structure + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + al + 2014-08-26T13:57:13Z + biological_process + GO:1903379 + regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation - + - An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:9490640 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. - Grouping term for query purposes - uberon - UBERON:0010314 - - structure with developmental contribution from neural crest + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + al + 2014-08-26T13:57:29Z + up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + activation of mitotic chromosome condensation + biological_process + GO:1903380 + positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation - + - An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:9490640 + + + + + up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mitotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - uberon - UBERON:0010316 - germ layer / neural crest + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus. + rl + 2014-09-03T12:45:43Z + biological_process + GO:1903412 + response to bile acid - - - - GO - ZFA + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000071 + PMID:21757002 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. - uberon - eye skeleton - ocular skeleton - skeletal element of orbital region - UBERON:0010321 - skeletal element of eye region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + jl + 2014-09-15T13:31:23Z + biological_process + regulation of functional differentiation + GO:1903429 + regulation of cell maturation - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17459944 - - - A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. - we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints) - that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium - Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] - Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] - AAO:0000109 - AAO:0000971 - AAO:0010185 - TAO:0000737 - VSAO:0000049 - XAO:0003075 - ZFA:0000737 - cranial skeleton - osteocranium - uberon - cranium - UBERON:0010323 - cranial skeletal system + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + jl + 2014-09-15T13:31:32Z + down regulation of cell maturation + down-regulation of cell maturation + downregulation of cell maturation + inhibition of cell maturation + biological_process + down regulation of functional differentiation + down-regulation of functional differentiation + downregulation of functional differentiation + inhibition of functional differentiation + negative regulation of functional differentiation + GO:1903430 + negative regulation of cell maturation - + - Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000049 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17459944 - - - Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000109 - AAO - AAO:LAP + + + down regulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0000737 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down-regulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + + + downregulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + - cranium - ZFA:0000737 - + down regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. - uberon - UBERON:0010329 - paired limb/fin bud mesenchyme - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-abduced + + + down-regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. - uberon - UBERON:0010333 - extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + jl + 2014-09-15T13:31:41Z + up regulation of cell maturation + up-regulation of cell maturation + upregulation of cell maturation + activation of cell maturation + biological_process + activation of functional differentiation + positive regulation of functional differentiation + up regulation of functional differentiation + up-regulation of functional differentiation + upregulation of functional differentiation + GO:1903431 + positive regulation of cell maturation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-abduced + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17459944 - - - Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cell maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of functional differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004601 - uberon - UBERON:0010334 - maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane. + pr + 2014-09-16T15:15:39Z + protein localisation in ciliary membrane + protein localisation to ciliary membrane + protein localization in ciliary membrane + biological_process + GO:1903441 + protein localization to ciliary membrane - - - - EHDAA2 + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:22139371 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - - + + - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004602 - uberon - UBERON:0010335 - maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide. + dph + 2014-10-01T21:55:47Z + mucopolysaccharide metabolism + biological_process + GO:1903510 + mucopolysaccharide metabolic process - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GO_REF:0000068 + PMID:4236091 - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + mucopolysaccharide metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004603 - uberon - UBERON:0010336 - mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + mr + 2014-10-06T18:38:56Z + biological_process + regulation of hemolymph circulation + GO:1903522 + regulation of blood circulation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10659969 - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004604 - uberon - UBERON:0010337 - mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + mr + 2014-10-06T18:39:05Z + down regulation of blood circulation + down-regulation of blood circulation + downregulation of blood circulation + inhibition of blood circulation + biological_process + down regulation of hemolymph circulation + down-regulation of hemolymph circulation + downregulation of hemolymph circulation + inhibition of hemolymph circulation + negative regulation of hemolymph circulation + GO:1903523 + negative regulation of blood circulation - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10659969 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0000043 - uberon - UBERON:0010338 - 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + mr + 2014-10-06T18:39:13Z + up regulation of blood circulation + up-regulation of blood circulation + upregulation of blood circulation + activation of blood circulation + biological_process + activation of hemolymph circulation + positive regulation of hemolymph circulation + up regulation of hemolymph circulation + up-regulation of hemolymph circulation + upregulation of hemolymph circulation + GO:1903524 + positive regulation of blood circulation - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10659969 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + upregulation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of hemolymph circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0000036 - uberon - UBERON:0010339 - 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + pm + 2014-10-08T13:24:59Z + regulation of cellular secretion + biological_process + GO:1903530 + regulation of secretion by cell - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12130530 - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. - EMAPA:16130 - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch - uberon - UBERON:0010341 - 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + pm + 2014-10-08T13:25:08Z + down regulation of cellular secretion + down regulation of secretion by cell + down-regulation of cellular secretion + down-regulation of secretion by cell + downregulation of cellular secretion + downregulation of secretion by cell + negative regulation of cellular secretion + inhibition of cellular secretion + inhibition of secretion by cell + biological_process + GO:1903531 + negative regulation of secretion by cell - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12130530 - - - - - - - - - EMAPA + + + down regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch - EMAPA:16130 + down-regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0000097 - EMAPA:16771 - head mesenchyme derived arch 4 mesenchyme - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch - pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - uberon - branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - UBERON:0010345 - 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + pm + 2014-10-08T13:25:17Z + positive regulation of cellular secretion + up regulation of cellular secretion + up regulation of secretion by cell + up-regulation of cellular secretion + up-regulation of secretion by cell + upregulation of cellular secretion + upregulation of secretion by cell + activation of cellular secretion + activation of secretion by cell + biological_process + GO:1903532 + positive regulation of secretion by cell - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12130530 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch - EMAPA:16771 + up-regulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cellular secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secretion by cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - + - - - - + + - - - - - - - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. - EHDAA2:0004078 - head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme - pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - uberon - branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - UBERON:0010347 - 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation. + pr + 2014-10-09T10:46:14Z + meiosis involved in oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1903537 + meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:jz + GO_REF:0000060 + PMID:25212395 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. - arch mesenchyme from neural crest - branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest - neural crest derived arch mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0010359 - Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme - pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + pr + 2014-10-09T10:52:38Z + regulation of meiosis involved in oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1903538 + regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:jz + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25212395 + + + + + regulation of meiosis involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. - arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0010360 - Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme - pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + pga + 2014-10-14T11:38:52Z + regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + regulation of secretion of exosome + regulation of exosomal protein secretion + biological_process + GO:1903541 + regulation of exosomal secretion - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. - An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan 'skeleton' consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; here, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the 'cuttlebone' of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion.[Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]t - - VSAO:0000037 - XAO:0004026 - replacement skeleton - uberon - UBERON:0010362 - endoskeleton - - - - - VSAO + + + regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie - - - Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000037 + + + regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie - - - An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan 'skeleton' consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; here, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the 'cuttlebone' of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion.[Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]t - + + + regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie - - - replacement skeleton - VSAO:curator + + + regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. - VSAO:0000139 - XAO:0004017 - ZFA:0005620 - endochondral replacement element - uberon - UBERON:0010363 - endochondral element - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + pga + 2014-10-14T11:39:02Z + down regulation of exosomal secretion + down regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + down regulation of secretion of exosome + down-regulation of exosomal secretion + down-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + down-regulation of secretion of exosome + downregulation of exosomal secretion + downregulation of exosomal secretory pathway + downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + downregulation of secretion of exosome + negative regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + negative regulation of secretion of exosome + down regulation of exosomal protein secretion + down-regulation of exosomal protein secretion + downregulation of exosomal protein secretion + inhibition of exosomal protein secretion + inhibition of exosomal secretion + inhibition of exosomal secretory pathway + inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + inhibition of secretion of exosome + negative regulation of exosomal protein secretion + biological_process + GO:1903542 + negative regulation of exosomal secretion - - - - VSAO + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 - - - A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000139 + + + down regulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie - + - endochondral replacement element - VSAO:0000139 + down regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. - exoskeleton - VSAO:0000035 - XAO:0004025 - uberon - dermal skeletal system - dermoskeleton - desmoskeleton - UBERON:0010364 - This ontology covers metazoa, so we do not use exoskeleton as primary label, as in VSAO - dermal skeleton + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + pga + 2014-10-14T11:39:10Z + positive regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + positive regulation of secretion of exosome + up regulation of exosomal secretion + up regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + up regulation of secretion of exosome + up-regulation of exosomal secretion + up-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + up-regulation of secretion of exosome + upregulation of exosomal secretion + upregulation of exosomal secretory pathway + upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + upregulation of secretion of exosome + activation of exosomal protein secretion + activation of exosomal secretion + activation of exosomal secretory pathway + activation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + activation of secretion of exosome + positive regulation of exosomal protein secretion + up regulation of exosomal protein secretion + up-regulation of exosomal protein secretion + upregulation of exosomal protein secretion + biological_process + GO:1903543 + positive regulation of exosomal secretion + + + + - + - - VSAO + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000035 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 - - - exoskeleton - VSAO:curator - + + + positive regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie - - - dermal skeletal system - VSAO:curator + + + positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie - - - dermoskeleton - VSAO:curator + + + positive regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie - - - desmoskeleton - VSAO:curator + + + up regulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of exosomal secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of exosomal secretory pathway + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secretion of exosome + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of exosomal protein secretion + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - + + - The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. - FMA:75739 - NCIT:C33428 - lobulus pulmonis - uberon - UBERON:0010368 - pulmonary lobule + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + pga + 2014-10-20T15:37:25Z + regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + biological_process + GO:1903551 + regulation of extracellular exosome assembly - + - The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. - ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 - + - lobulus pulmonis - FMA:75739 - FMA:TA - + regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:vesicles - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. - FMA:69064 - ectoderm-derived epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0010371 - ecto-epithelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + pga + 2014-10-20T15:37:33Z + down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + biological_process + GO:1903552 + negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly - + - Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. - FMA:69064 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 + + + + + down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:vesicles + + + + + inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') - EHDAA2:0001384 - FMA:79793 - uberon - dorsal pancreas - UBERON:0010375 - pancreas dorsal primordium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + pga + 2014-10-20T15:37:42Z + up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + biological_process + positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GO:1903553 + positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24105262 - + + + up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + - dorsal pancreas - FMA:79793 - + positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly + GOC:vesicles - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - + - Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') - EHDAA2:0001387 - FMA:79794 - uberon - ventral pancreas - UBERON:0010376 - pancreas ventral primordium + Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. + jl + 2014-10-22T14:26:11Z + cellular_component + microparticle + GO:1903561 + extracellular vesicle - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pm + GO_REF:0000064 + PMID:24769233 - + - ventral pancreas - FMA:79794 - + microparticle + GOC:vesicles - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. - the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives - EHDAA2:0001120 - uberon - UBERON:0010377 - mesenchyme from somatopleure + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + krc + 2014-10-24T20:58:11Z + biological_process + GO:1903564 + regulation of protein localization to cilium - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. - EHDAA2:0001122 - uberon - UBERON:0010378 - mesenchyme from splanchnopleure + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + krc + 2014-10-24T20:58:20Z + down regulation of protein localization to cilium + down-regulation of protein localization to cilium + downregulation of protein localization to cilium + inhibition of protein localization to cilium + biological_process + GO:1903565 + negative regulation of protein localization to cilium - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. - - When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] - - - MA:0000759 - NCIT:C49775 - UMLS:C1710159 - uberon - trabecular artery - UBERON:0010399 - - - spleen trabecular artery + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + krc + 2014-10-24T20:58:28Z + up regulation of protein localization to cilium + up-regulation of protein localization to cilium + upregulation of protein localization to cilium + activation of protein localization to cilium + biological_process + GO:1903566 + positive regulation of protein localization to cilium - - - - - - - - - MP + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - - - One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. - - MP:0002354 + + + up regulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie - - - When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] - Wikipedia - + + + up-regulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1710159 - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Artery + + + upregulation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to cilium + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - + + - One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. - - The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] - - - MA:0000760 - NCIT:C49779 - UMLS:C1710160 - uberon - trabecular vein - UBERON:0010400 - - - spleen trabecular vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + krc + 2014-10-24T21:32:51Z + regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + biological_process + GO:1903567 + regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane - + - One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. - - MP:0002228 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - - - The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] - Wikipedia - + + + regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1710160 - ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Vein + + + regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - trabecular vein - + + + regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. - EMAPA:35336 - MA:0002486 - eye surface - eye surface region - ocular surface - uberon - UBERON:0010409 - - ocular surface region + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + krc + 2014-10-24T21:32:59Z + down regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + down regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + down regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + down regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + down-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + down-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + down-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + down-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + downregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + downregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + downregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + downregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + negative regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + negative regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + negative regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + inhibition of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + inhibition of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + inhibition of protein localization in ciliary membrane + inhibition of protein localization to ciliary membrane + biological_process + GO:1903568 + negative regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane - + - The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. - MP:0013754 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - + - eye surface - MA:0002486 + down regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. - - - FMA:76551 - ciliary processes - ciliary processes set - processus ciliares - set of ciliary processes - uberon - ciliary process - processus ciliares - UBERON:0010427 - ciliary processes - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray875.png - - - - The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. - + + + down regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - ciliary processes - FMA:76551 + down regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - ciliary processes set - FMA:76551 + down regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - processus ciliares - FMA:TA - + down-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - set of ciliary processes - FMA:76551 + down-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - ciliary process - + + + down-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - processus ciliares - - + + + down-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. - In an adult mammal, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones - Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment - - - - FMA:7476 - NCIT:C32616 - UMLS:C0222649 - galen:FlatBone - uberon - os planum - UBERON:0010428 - Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs - flat bone - - - - - FMA + + + downregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. - + + + downregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0222649 - ncithesaurus:Flat_Bone + + + downregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - os planum - - + + + downregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. - Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. - glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous - - - - FMA:45572 - NCIT:C33419 - NCIT:C49316 - UMLS:C0836138 - UMLS:C1514590 - uberon - UBERON:0010498 - pseudostratified columnar epithelium - - - - - FMA + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. - - + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous - NCIT + + + negative regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0836138 - ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Epithelium + + + inhibition of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1514590 - ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Epithelium + + + inhibition of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. - - FMA:13146 - NCIT:C13181 - UMLS:C0506992 - epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) - uberon - UBERON:0010499 - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + krc + 2014-10-24T21:33:08Z + positive regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + positive regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + positive regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + up regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + up regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + up regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + up regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + up-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + up-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + up-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + up-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + upregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + upregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + upregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + upregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + activation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + activation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + activation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + activation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + biological_process + GO:1903569 + positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane - + - Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. - NCIT:NCIT + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GOC:krc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22072986 - - - UMLS:C0506992 - ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Ciliated_Epithelium + + + positive regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) - FMA:13146 + positive regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to ciliary membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - An organ that is capable of detecting electrical stimulus. - electric sense organ - electroreception organ - uberon - UBERON:0010521 - electroreceptor organ - - - - - An organ that is capable of detecting electrical stimulus. - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. - VSAO:0000135 - XAO:0004016 - ZFA:0005624 - uberon - UBERON:0010522 - replacement element + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + sl + 2014-11-19T22:36:35Z + regulation of DNA breakdown + regulation of DNA catabolism + regulation of DNA degradation + biological_process + GO:1903624 + regulation of DNA catabolic process - - - - VSAO - - - - - - - - - - - cjm - - - + - Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000135 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:2001740 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. - MESH:D055806 - TAO:0005251 - ZFA:0005251 - uberon - microcirculatory vessels - UBERON:0010523 - microcirculatory vessel - - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. - - MESH:A07.231.432 - ZFA:0005251 + + + regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - microcirculatory vessels - TAO:0005251 - + + + regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. - FMA:24021 - bone organ cavity - uberon - UBERON:0010527 - cavity of bone organ + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + sl + 2014-11-19T22:36:43Z + down regulation of DNA breakdown + down regulation of DNA catabolic process + down regulation of DNA catabolism + down regulation of DNA degradation + down-regulation of DNA breakdown + down-regulation of DNA catabolic process + down-regulation of DNA catabolism + down-regulation of DNA degradation + downregulation of DNA breakdown + downregulation of DNA catabolic process + downregulation of DNA catabolism + downregulation of DNA degradation + negative regulation of DNA breakdown + negative regulation of DNA catabolism + negative regulation of DNA degradation + inhibition of DNA breakdown + inhibition of DNA catabolic process + inhibition of DNA catabolism + inhibition of DNA degradation + biological_process + GO:1903625 + negative regulation of DNA catabolic process - + - An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:2001740 - + - bone organ cavity - FMA:24021 + down regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA:24028 - air space of bone - uberon - UBERON:0010528 - pneumatic cavity of bone - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - air space of bone - FMA:24028 + down regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). - It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] - Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] - It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] - note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) - - 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z - EMAPA:37858 - FMA:7182 - VSAO:0000214 - appendage complex - appendage-girdle complex - appendage/girdle complex - girdle plus limb or fin - uberon - limb - UBERON:0010707 - - appendage girdle complex - - - - An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). - - + + + down regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000214 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + down-regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] - 2012-09-06 - VSAO:0000214 - VSAO - Curator + + + down-regulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) - FMA + + + down-regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37858 - MA:th + + + down-regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - appendage complex - + downregulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - appendage-girdle complex - + downregulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - appendage/girdle complex - VSAO:0000214 + downregulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - girdle plus limb or fin - + downregulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - limb - FMA:7182 - + + + negative regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.[VSAO] - note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) - - EMAPA:37860 - FMA:7183 - VSAO:0000213 - pectoral appendage/girdle complex - pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin - pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin - uberon - upper limb - upper limb and pectoral girdle - upper limb and shoulder - UBERON:0010708 - - pectoral complex + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + sl + 2014-11-19T22:36:51Z + positive regulation of DNA breakdown + positive regulation of DNA catabolism + positive regulation of DNA degradation + up regulation of DNA breakdown + up regulation of DNA catabolic process + up regulation of DNA catabolism + up regulation of DNA degradation + up-regulation of DNA breakdown + up-regulation of DNA catabolic process + up-regulation of DNA catabolism + up-regulation of DNA degradation + upregulation of DNA breakdown + upregulation of DNA catabolic process + upregulation of DNA catabolism + upregulation of DNA degradation + activation of DNA breakdown + activation of DNA catabolic process + activation of DNA catabolism + activation of DNA degradation + biological_process + GO:1903626 + positive regulation of DNA catabolic process - + - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. - VSAO:0000213 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:2001740 - - - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000213 - VSAO - VSAO:MAH + + + positive regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) - FMA + + + positive regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37860 - MA:th + + + positive regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral appendage/girdle complex - VSAO:0000213 + up regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin - + up regulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin - + up regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper limb - FMA:7183 - + + + up regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper limb and pectoral girdle - - + + + up-regulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper limb and shoulder - + + + up-regulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of DNA degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. - - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] - note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here - - EMAPA:37863 - FMA:7184 - VSAO:0000215 - pelvic appendage/girdle complex - pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin - pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin - uberon - lower limb - lower limb and pelvic girdle - lower limb and pelvis - UBERON:0010709 - - pelvic complex + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly. + als + 2014-12-03T11:45:08Z + down regulation of microvillus assembly + down-regulation of microvillus assembly + downregulation of microvillus assembly + inhibition of microvillus assembly + biological_process + down regulation of microvillus biogenesis + down-regulation of microvillus biogenesis + downregulation of microvillus biogenesis + inhibition of microvillus biogenesis + negative regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GO:1903697 + negative regulation of microvillus assembly - + - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. - VSAO:0000215 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22797597 - - - Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000215 - VSAO - VSAO:MAH + + + down regulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here - FMA + + + down-regulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37863 - MA:th + + + downregulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic appendage/girdle complex - VSAO:0000215 + + + inhibition of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin - + + + down regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin - + + + down-regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - lower limb - FMA:7184 - + downregulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - lower limb and pelvic girdle - - + inhibition of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - lower limb and pelvis - + negative regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. - Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] - relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] - relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] - AAO:0010686 - VSAO:0000302 - skeleton of girdle - uberon - UBERON:0010719 - girdle skeleton + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly. + als + 2014-12-03T11:45:17Z + up regulation of microvillus assembly + up-regulation of microvillus assembly + upregulation of microvillus assembly + activation of microvillus assembly + biological_process + activation of microvillus biogenesis + positive regulation of microvillus biogenesis + up regulation of microvillus biogenesis + up-regulation of microvillus biogenesis + upregulation of microvillus biogenesis + GO:1903698 + positive regulation of microvillus assembly - + - The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22797597 - - - Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000302 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + up regulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000302 - VSAO + + + up-regulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000302 - VSAO + + + upregulation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). - EMAPA:35494 - MA:0000688 - uberon - bone of extended limb/fin region - limb bone - UBERON:0010740 - - bone of appendage girdle complex - - - - - - - - - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + activation of microvillus assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + activation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - bone of extended limb/fin region - - UBERONREF:0000003 + positive regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - limb bone - MA:0000688 - UBERONREF:0000003 + up regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of microvillus biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. - considering adding pectoral and pelvic complex skeleton classes - note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here; - EMAPA:32623 - EMAPA:35933 - MA:0000612 - wing bone - uberon - bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle - forelimb bone - UBERON:0010741 - - bone of pectoral complex + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + cls + 2014-12-03T13:12:09Z + corneal stroma development + stroma of cornea development + biological_process + substantia propria development + GO:1903701 + substantia propria of cornea development - + - A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. - - UBERONREF:0000003 - - - - - note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here; - MA + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:12556382 - - - wing bone - UBERONREF:0000003 - + + + corneal stroma development + GOC:TermGenie - - - bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + stroma of cornea development + GOC:TermGenie - + - forelimb bone - MA:0000612 - UBERONREF:0000003 + substantia propria development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. - the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle - EMAPA:32633 - EMAPA:35934 - MA:0000660 - uberon - hindlimb bone - UBERON:0010742 - - bone of pelvic complex + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + cls + 2014-12-03T14:41:30Z + esophageal development + gullet development + oesophagus development + biological_process + GO:1903702 + esophagus development - - - - MA + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000094 + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 - - - A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + esophageal development + MGI:csmith - - - the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle - MA + + + gullet development + GOC:TermGenie - - - hindlimb bone - MA:0000660 - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + oesophagus development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. - Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO] - AAO:0000218 - EMAPA:32634 - FMA:9622 - MA:0000663 - pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles - pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle - pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle - uberon - lower limb muscle - muscle of lower limb - muscle of pelvic girdle and leg - UBERON:0010890 - - pelvic complex muscle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + pad + 2014-12-04T15:34:13Z + regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + regulation of blood cell formation + regulation of haemopoiesis + regulation of hematopoiesis + biological_process + GO:1903706 + An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. + regulation of hemopoiesis - - - - - - - - - prolog - - - + - Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. - - - - - - Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0000218 - AAO - AAO:EJS + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20080761 - + - pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles - AAO:0000218 - - - - - pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle - + regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle - + + + regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - lower limb muscle - FMA:9622 - + + + regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - muscle of lower limb - FMA:9622 - + + + regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. - the MA class belongs here, based on its current child classes - Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO] - AAO:0010687 - EMAPA:32624 - FMA:9621 - MA:0000615 - pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles - muscle of pectoral girdle and wing - muscle of upper limb - upper limb muscle - uberon - muscle of pectoral girdle and limb - UBERON:0010891 - pectoral complex muscle + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + pad + 2014-12-04T15:34:21Z + down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + down regulation of blood cell formation + down regulation of haemopoiesis + down regulation of hematopoiesis + down regulation of hemopoiesis + down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + down-regulation of blood cell formation + down-regulation of haemopoiesis + down-regulation of hematopoiesis + down-regulation of hemopoiesis + downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis + downregulation of blood cell formation + downregulation of haemopoiesis + downregulation of hematopoiesis + downregulation of hemopoiesis + negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + negative regulation of blood cell formation + negative regulation of haemopoiesis + negative regulation of hematopoiesis + inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis + inhibition of blood cell formation + inhibition of haemopoiesis + inhibition of hematopoiesis + inhibition of hemopoiesis + biological_process + GO:1903707 + An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. + negative regulation of hemopoiesis - - - - - - - - - prolog - - - + - A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20080761 - - - Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010687 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles - AAO:0010687 + down regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - muscle of pectoral girdle and wing - NCBITaxon:8782 - + + + down regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - muscle of upper limb - FMA:9621 - + + + down regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper limb muscle - FMA:9621 - + + + down regulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] - - FMA:23879 - VSAO:0000042 - skeletal subdivision - uberon - subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) - UBERON:0010912 - - subdivision of skeleton - - - - - cjm + + + down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + down-regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - VSAO + + + down-regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. - - UBERONREF:0000003 + + + down-regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000042 - incorrect - VSAO - VSAO:curator + + + down-regulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeletal subdivision - VSAO:0000042 + downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) - FMA:23879 + + + downregulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra - In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - vertebral - Typically an endochondral element, in salamanders there is an argument that vertebral development is perichondral and not preformed in cartilage - UBERON:0015005 - vertebra skeletal element - VHOG:0001143 - VSAO:0000184 - vertebra element - vertebra endochondral element - vertebral endochondral element - uberon - UBERON:0010913 - vertebral element - - - - - - VSAO + + + downregulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - VSAO + + + downregulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + downregulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000184 + + + negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001143 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.014 Janvier P, Comparative anatomy: all vertebrates do have vertebrae. Current Biology (2011) + + + negative regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - vertebra skeletal element - + + + negative regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - vertebra element - + negative regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - vertebra endochondral element - + inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - vertebral endochondral element - + inhibition of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. - - NCIT:C32716 - UMLS:C0448281 - muscle of head or neck - uberon - muscle of head and neck - UBERON:0010959 - craniocervical muscle + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + pad + 2014-12-04T15:34:30Z + positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + positive regulation of blood cell formation + positive regulation of haemopoiesis + positive regulation of hematopoiesis + up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + up regulation of blood cell formation + up regulation of haemopoiesis + up regulation of hematopoiesis + up regulation of hemopoiesis + up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + up-regulation of blood cell formation + up-regulation of haemopoiesis + up-regulation of hematopoiesis + up-regulation of hemopoiesis + upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis + upregulation of blood cell formation + upregulation of haemopoiesis + upregulation of hematopoiesis + upregulation of hemopoiesis + activation of blood cell biosynthesis + activation of blood cell formation + activation of haemopoiesis + activation of hematopoiesis + activation of hemopoiesis + biological_process + GO:1903708 + An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. + positive regulation of hemopoiesis - - - - - - - - - prolog + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20080761 - - - Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. - + + + positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0448281 - ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle + + + positive regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. - EFO:0003689 - TAO:0001460 - ZFA:0001460 - pharyngeal arch cartilages - splanchnocranium cartilage - uberon - UBERON:0011004 - - pharyngeal arch cartilage - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - pharyngeal arch cartilages - ZFA:0001460 - + up regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - splanchnocranium cartilage - ZFA:0001460 + up regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - - - EFO:0003659 - TAO:0001272 - VHOG:0000511 - ZFA:0001272 - dorsal visceral arch 1 - upper pharyngeal jaw - uberon - dorsal mandibular arch - dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 - dorsal visceral arch 1 - palatoquadrate arch - upper jaw - upper pharyngeal jaw - UBERON:0011085 - - palatoquadrate arch - - - - - cjm + + + up regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - VHOG + + + up regulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. - - VHOG:0000511 + + + up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0000511 - VHOG - - DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + + + up-regulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - dorsal visceral arch 1 - ZFA:0001272 + up-regulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - upper pharyngeal jaw - ZFA:0001272 + up-regulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - dorsal mandibular arch - VHOG:0000511 + + + up-regulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 - VHOG:0000511 + + + upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - dorsal visceral arch 1 - VHOG:0000511 + + + upregulation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - palatoquadrate arch - VHOG:0000511 + + + upregulation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper jaw - VHOG:0000511 + + + upregulation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper pharyngeal jaw - VHOG:0000511 + + + upregulation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of blood cell biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of blood cell formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of haemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hematopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hemopoiesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a right pelvic girdle region. - FMA:87593 - uberon - UBERON:0011090 - skeleton of right pelvic girdle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization. + al + 2014-12-10T18:59:44Z + regulation of plasma membrane organisation + biological_process + regulation of plasma membrane organization and biogenesis + GO:1903729 + regulation of plasma membrane organization - + - A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a right pelvic girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24514900 + + + + + regulation of plasma membrane organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of plasma membrane organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a left pelvic girdle region. - FMA:87594 - uberon - UBERON:0011091 - skeleton of left pelvic girdle + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane. + mah + 2015-01-07T13:15:54Z + protein localisation in vacuolar membrane + protein localisation to vacuolar membrane + protein localization in vacuolar membrane + biological_process + GO:1903778 + protein localization to vacuolar membrane - + - A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a left pelvic girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:25378562 + + + + + protein localisation in vacuolar membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localisation to vacuolar membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in vacuolar membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A pelvic girdle region that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - FMA:16582 - right pelvic girdle - uberon - UBERON:0011092 - right pelvic girdle region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + rph + 2015-01-07T13:20:11Z + biological_process + GO:1903779 + regulation of cardiac conduction - + - A pelvic girdle region that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - right pelvic girdle - FMA:16582 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12967627 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A pelvic girdle region that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - FMA:16583 - left pelvic girdle - uberon - UBERON:0011093 - left pelvic girdle region + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + rph + 2015-01-07T13:20:20Z + down regulation of cardiac conduction + down-regulation of cardiac conduction + downregulation of cardiac conduction + inhibition of cardiac conduction + biological_process + GO:1903780 + negative regulation of cardiac conduction - + - A pelvic girdle region that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12967627 - + - left pelvic girdle - FMA:16583 - + down regulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - - This class is a superclass of individual vertebral cartilage condensations. Note that EHDAA2 represents these as condensation groups - EMAPA:32669 - VHOG:0000584 - vertebral cartilage condensation - uberon - UBERON:0011094 - vertebra cartilage element + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + rph + 2015-01-07T13:20:28Z + up regulation of cardiac conduction + up-regulation of cardiac conduction + upregulation of cardiac conduction + activation of cardiac conduction + biological_process + GO:1903781 + positive regulation of cardiac conduction - + - The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000184 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:12967627 - - - - vertebra-like cartilage in hagfish are homologous to gnathostome vertebrae. mesenchymal cells express Pax1/9 and Twist - PMC3157150 + + + up regulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie - - - This class is a superclass of individual vertebral cartilage condensations. Note that EHDAA2 represents these as condensation groups - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie - + - vertebral cartilage condensation - VHOG:0000584 + upregulation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac conduction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - EMAPA:32671 - VHOG:0000582 - vertebral pre-cartilage condensation - uberon - UBERON:0011095 - vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport. + al + 2015-01-08T17:42:18Z + regulation of amino acid membrane transport + biological_process + GO:1903789 + regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2-abduced - - - + - The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. - - - GO_REF:0000034 - VSAO:0000184 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16115814 - + - vertebral pre-cartilage condensation - VHOG:0000582 + regulation of amino acid membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - + + - A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. - - FMA:35173 - NCIT:C32890 - UMLS:C0827002 - joint of pelvic girdle - pelvic girdle joint - uberon - UBERON:0011107 - synovial joint of pelvic girdle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-01-14T21:44:49Z + regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + biological_process + GO:1903795 + regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport - + - A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11336802 - - - UMLS:C0827002 - ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle + + + regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - pelvic girdle joint - FMA:35173 + regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle - - FMA:35243 - joint of shoulder girdle - pectoral girdle joint - uberon - UBERON:0011108 - synovial joint of pectoral girdle + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-01-14T21:44:59Z + down regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + down regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + down regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + down-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + down-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + down-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + downregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + downregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + downregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + negative regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + negative regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + inhibition of inorganic anion membrane transport + inhibition of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + inhibition of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + biological_process + GO:1903796 + negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport - + - A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11336802 - - - in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle - FMA + + + down regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral girdle joint - FMA:35243 + down regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. - FMA:7491 - solid joint - uberon - UBERON:0011134 - nonsynovial joint - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. - FMA:7491 + + + down-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - solid joint - FMA:7491 + down-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. - FMA:7483 - uberon - UBERON:0011137 - axial skeletal system - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton - - - - - FMA + + + down-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. - + + + downregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. - - axial skeletal system - FMA:302077 - post-cranial axial skeletal system - uberon - UBERON:0011138 - postcranial axial skeletal system - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton - - - - - FMA + + + downregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + downregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. - - + + + negative regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - axial skeletal system - + + + negative regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. - - BTO:0003751 - EMAPA:37970 - uberon - UBERON:0011148 - submucosal gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-01-14T21:45:08Z + positive regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + positive regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + up regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + up regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + up regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + up-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + up-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + up-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + upregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + upregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + upregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + activation of inorganic anion membrane transport + activation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + activation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + biological_process + GO:1903797 + positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport - - - - - - - - - perforates - - - + - Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. - - BTO:0003751 - - - - - EMAPA:37970 - MA:th - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. - - EHDAA2:0002206 - EHDAA:8361 - EMAPA:18022 - FMA:53673 - MA:0000318 - facial skeleton - uberon - facial bone - ossa facialia - ossa faciei - viscerocranium - UBERON:0011156 - - facial skeleton - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11336802 - - - - - - - - - + + + positive regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. - - - - MP:0005274 + + + positive regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - facial skeleton - FMA:53673 + up regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - facial bone - MA:0000318 + + + up regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - ossa facialia - - + + + up regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - ossa faciei - - + + + up-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - viscerocranium - MA:0000318 - + + + up-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. - FMA:54964 - skull subdivision - subdivision of skull - uberon - UBERON:0011158 - - primary subdivision of skull - - - - - FMA + + + up-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. - + + + upregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - skull subdivision - FMA:54964 + upregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - subdivision of skull - FMA:54964 + upregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0011159 - - primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system - - - - - FMA + + + activation of inorganic anion membrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. - - EMAPA:35238 - MA:0001478 - chondrocranium bone - uberon - UBERON:0011164 - neurocranium bone - - - - A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + + + activation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - - - chondrocranium bone - MA:0001478 + + + activation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - + + - - + + - - + + - Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. - Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long - jaw joint - NCIT:C32888 - craniomandibular joint - uberon - UBERON:0011171 - joint connecting upper and lower jaws + The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane. + vw + 2015-01-20T10:20:58Z + biological_process + GO:1903825 + organic acid transmembrane transport - - - - abduced - - - + - Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. - - - - - - - Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long - + The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000069 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. - - NCIT:C32669 - UMLS:C1517464 - uberon - UBERON:0011185 - gastrointestinal sphincter - - - - - A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 + jl + 2015-01-20T14:32:24Z + down regulation of cellular protein localisation + down regulation of cellular protein localization + down-regulation of cellular protein localisation + down-regulation of cellular protein localization + downregulation of cellular protein localisation + downregulation of cellular protein localization + negative regulation of cellular protein localisation + negative regulation of cellular protein localization + inhibition of cellular protein localisation + inhibition of cellular protein localization + biological_process + GO:1903828 + negative regulation of protein localization + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 - - - UMLS:C1517464 - ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Sphincter + + + down regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. - - - FMA:15654 - NCIT:C49298 - UMLS:C1708644 - lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine - large intestinal lamina propria - large intestine lamina propria - uberon - UBERON:0011189 - - lamina propria of large intestine - - - - - - - - - - + + + down regulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + down-regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1708644 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria + + + downregulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine - FMA:15654 + downregulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - large intestine lamina propria - FMA:15654 + negative regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. - - FMA:14971 - NCIT:C32927 - UMLS:C0734205 - muscular coat of large intestine - muscular layer of large intestine - muscularis externa of large intestine - tunica muscularis intestini crassi - uberon - UBERON:0011198 - muscle layer of large intestine + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021 + jl + 2015-01-20T14:32:33Z + positive regulation of cellular protein localisation + positive regulation of cellular protein localization + up regulation of cellular protein localisation + up regulation of cellular protein localization + up-regulation of cellular protein localisation + up-regulation of cellular protein localization + upregulation of cellular protein localisation + upregulation of cellular protein localization + biological_process + GO:1903829 + positive regulation of protein localization - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 - - - A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0734205 - ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat + + + up regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular coat of large intestine - FMA:14971 + up regulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular layer of large intestine - FMA:14971 + up-regulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscularis externa of large intestine - FMA:14971 + up-regulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis intestini crassi - FMA:TA - + upregulation of cellular protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cellular protein localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + rph + 2015-01-23T14:00:51Z + biological_process + GO:1903847 + regulation of aorta morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22269326 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. - - - FMA:14932 - NCIT:C33569 - UMLS:C0227269 - muscular coat of small intestine - muscular layer of small intestine - muscularis externa of small intestine - small intestine muscularis propria - tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) - tunica muscularis intestini tenuis - uberon - UBERON:0011201 - muscle layer of small intestine + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + rph + 2015-01-23T14:01:01Z + down regulation of aorta morphogenesis + down-regulation of aorta morphogenesis + downregulation of aorta morphogenesis + inhibition of aorta morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1903848 + negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - UMLS:C0227269 - ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat - - - - - muscular coat of small intestine - FMA:14932 - - - - - muscular layer of small intestine - FMA:14932 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22269326 - + - muscularis externa of small intestine - FMA:14932 + down regulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - small intestine muscularis propria - FMA:14932 + down-regulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) - FMA:14932 + downregulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - tunica muscularis intestini tenuis - FMA:TA - + + + inhibition of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. - FMA:83143 - cell part cluster of neuraxis - neuraxis layer - uberon - UBERON:0011215 - - central nervous system cell part cluster + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + rph + 2015-01-23T14:01:09Z + up regulation of aorta morphogenesis + up-regulation of aorta morphogenesis + upregulation of aorta morphogenesis + activation of aorta morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1903849 + positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis - + - A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22269326 - + - cell part cluster of neuraxis - FMA:83143 + up regulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - neuraxis layer - FMA:83143 + up-regulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of aorta morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A subdivision of an anatomical system. - - FBbt:00007330 - FMA:67509 - uberon - UBERON:0011216 - - organ system subdivision + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + cjm + 2015-02-05T00:42:16Z + biological_process + GO:1903867 + extraembryonic membrane development - - - - FBbt - - - - - - FBbt - - - + - A subdivision of an anatomical system. - + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000094 + ISBN:0073040584 - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] - AAO:0010038 - EMAPA:18808 - FMA:49150 - intrinsic muscle of eyeball - intrinsic ocular muscle - uberon - UBERON:0011222 - intra-ocular muscle + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. + sl + 2015-02-17T20:26:24Z + down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange + biological_process + GO:1903941 + negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - - - - organ component in FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22819705 - - - - - - - - - EMAPA + + + down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie - - - Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] - 2012-06-20 - AAO:0010038 - AAO - AAO:EJS + + + down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie - + - intrinsic ocular muscle - EMAPA:18808 + downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. - synovium - - BTO:0001823 - FMA:40878 - uberon - UBERON:0011233 - Alternate def: A synovial sheath is a layer of a tendon sheath containing tendons in the hand and foot. They lie internal to the fibrous tendon sheaths. An example is the common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons. [Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath] - synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. + sl + 2015-02-17T20:26:35Z + up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + activation of respiratory gaseous exchange + biological_process + GO:1903942 + positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange - + - Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. - - FMA:45087 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22819705 - - - synovium - BTO:0001823 + + + up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of respiratory gaseous exchange + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA:40877 - uberon - UBERON:0011234 - fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. - currently this is not restricted to skeletal elements, unlike UBERONREF:0000007 - AAO:0000986 - uberon - UBERON:0011241 - ethmoid region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-02-19T12:54:40Z + regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1903943 + regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process - + - The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. - - UBERONREF:0000007 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:8649852 + + + + + regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. - Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] - FMA:7484 - VHOG:0001666 - VSAO:0000306 - uberon - UBERON:0011249 - appendicular skeletal system - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-02-19T12:54:50Z + down regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + down-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + downregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + down regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + down-regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + downregulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis + inhibition of hepatocyte apoptotic process + negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1903944 + negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process - + - Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:8649852 - - - Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000306 - VSAO - + + + down regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. - In humans, the subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the trunk proper by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall; together with the trunk proper, it constitutes the trunk[FMA] - - EMAPA:35162 - FMA:25056 - MA:0000020 - back of trunk - dorsal part of trunk - dorsum of trunk - trunk back - uberon - UBERON:0011270 - dorsal trunk + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-02-19T12:54:59Z + up regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + up-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + upregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + activation of hepatocyte apoptosis + activation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + up regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + up-regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + upregulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1903945 + positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:8649852 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. - - UBERONREF:0000006 + + + up-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - back of trunk - FMA:25056 + upregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - dorsum of trunk - FMA:25056 + + + activation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - trunk back - FMA:25056 + + + activation of hepatocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' - EHDAA2:0001845 - uberon - basal cell layer of skin - outer epithelium of body - UBERON:0011272 - embryonic skin basal layer - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up-regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - outer epithelium of body - Wikipathways:WP2062 + + + upregulation of hepatocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A blood vasculature that is part of a head. - Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] - TAO:0005297 - ZFA:0005297 - cranial blood vessel - set of blood vessels of head - uberon - cranial blood vessels - UBERON:0011362 - cranial blood vasculature + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential. + nc + 2015-02-20T14:59:41Z + down regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + down regulation of AV node cell action potential + down regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + down-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + down-regulation of AV node cell action potential + down-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + downregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + downregulation of AV node cell action potential + downregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + negative regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + negative regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + inhibition of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + inhibition of AV node cell action potential + inhibition of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:1903950 + negative regulation of AV node cell action potential - + - A blood vasculature that is part of a head. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25281747 - - - Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0005297 - TAO - ZFIN:curator + + + down regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - cranial blood vessel - ZFA:0005297 + down regulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - - - cranial blood vessels - TAO:0005297 - + + + down regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA:54364 - cavity of digestive tract - cavity of gastrointestinal tract - gastrointestinal tract lumen - lumen of gastrointestinal tract - uberon - UBERON:0011565 - lumen of gastrointestinal system - - + - gastrointestinal tract lumen - FMA:54364 + down-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - lumen of gastrointestinal tract - FMA:54364 + down-regulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. - - EMAPA:18380 - FMA:9398 - cavity of eosophagus - cavity of esophagus - eosophageal cavity - eosophageal lumen - eosophagus lumen - esophageal cavity - esophageal lumen - esophagus lumen - uberon - UBERON:0011566 - - lumen of esophagus + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential. + nc + 2015-02-20T14:59:50Z + positive regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + positive regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + up regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + up regulation of AV node cell action potential + up regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + up-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + up-regulation of AV node cell action potential + up-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + upregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + upregulation of AV node cell action potential + upregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + activation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + activation of AV node cell action potential + activation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + biological_process + GO:1903951 + positive regulation of AV node cell action potential - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25281747 - - - An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavity of esophagus - FMA:9398 + positive regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophageal cavity - FMA:9398 + up regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophageal lumen - FMA:9398 + up regulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophagus lumen - FMA:9398 + up regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of AV node cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. - Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] - VSAO:0000301 - limb/fin skeleton - skeletal parts of limb/fin - skeleton of limb/fin - uberon - UBERON:0011582 - - paired limb/fin skeleton + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. + sl + 2015-03-06T19:33:54Z + biological_process + GO:1904014 + response to serotonin - - - + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000071 + PMID:1505525 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ISBN:9780878932504 - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + sl + 2015-03-06T22:17:04Z + up regulation of vasculature development + up-regulation of vasculature development + upregulation of vasculature development + activation of vasculature development + biological_process + activation of vascular system development + positive regulation of vascular system development + up regulation of vascular system development + up-regulation of vascular system development + upregulation of vascular system development + GO:1904018 + positive regulation of vasculature development + - + - The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:21472453 - - - Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] - 2012-08-14 - VSAO:0000301 - VSAO - GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + up regulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - + - limb/fin skeleton - VSAO:0000301 + up-regulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). - consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO - VSAO:0000006 - XAO:0004021 - uberon - UBERON:0011585 - cell condensation - - - - - VSAO + + + upregulation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - - - Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). - - GO_REF:0000034 - PSPUB:0000170 - VSAO:0000006 + + + activation of vasculature development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0002120 - upper jaw future lip - uberon - UBERON:0011592 - future upper lip - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + activation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + positive regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - fusion + + + up regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - fusion + + + up-regulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - - - upper jaw future lip - EHDAA2:0002120 + + + upregulation of vascular system development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. - EMAPA:32905 - NCIT:C114916 - uberon - UBERON:0011595 - jaw region - http://eol.org/collections/11578 - - - - - - - - - - - EMAPA - FMA-abduced - ZFA-abduced - - - - - A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - + - - + + - - EHDAA2:0001020 - lower jaw future lip - uberon - UBERON:0011596 - future lower lip + + Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell. + + sl + 2015-03-06T22:27:17Z + epitheliocyte apoptotic process + epithelial cell apoptosis + epitheliocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904019 + epithelial cell apoptotic process - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000085 + PMID:19137015 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - - - lower jaw future lip - EHDAA2:0001020 + + + epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). - Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified - upper jaw bone - uberon - UBERON:0011597 - - bone of upper jaw + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + ae + 2015-03-12T12:36:52Z + regulation of collagen fibril organisation + regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + biological_process + regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis + GO:1904026 + regulation of collagen fibril organization - + - Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25451920 + + + + + regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. - EHDAA2:0004137 - uberon - UBERON:0011642 - oral epithelium from ectoderm + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + ae + 2015-03-12T12:36:59Z + down regulation of collagen fibril organisation + down regulation of collagen fibril organization + down regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + down-regulation of collagen fibril organisation + down-regulation of collagen fibril organization + down-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + downregulation of collagen fibril organisation + downregulation of collagen fibril organization + downregulation of fibrillar collagen organization + negative regulation of collagen fibril organisation + negative regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + inhibition of collagen fibril organisation + inhibition of collagen fibril organization + inhibition of fibrillar collagen organization + biological_process + GO:1904027 + negative regulation of collagen fibril organization - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25451920 - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AAO:0000247 - EFO:0003511 - TAO:0000236 - XAO:0003269 - ZFA:0000236 - mandibular muscle - mandibular muscles - uberon - UBERON:0011648 - - - jaw muscle - - + - mandibular muscle - TAO:0000236 + down regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - mandibular muscles - TAO:0000236 - + down-regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. - Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem - axial subdivision of organism - uberon - body segment - main body segment - UBERON:0011676 - - subdivision of organism along main body axis - - - - A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. - + + + down-regulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - - - - A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. - - thoracolumbar vertebra - uberon - presacral vertebra - UBERON:0011677 - - trunk vertebra + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + ae + 2015-03-12T12:37:06Z + positive regulation of collagen fibril organisation + positive regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + up regulation of collagen fibril organisation + up regulation of collagen fibril organization + up regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + up-regulation of collagen fibril organisation + up-regulation of collagen fibril organization + up-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + upregulation of collagen fibril organisation + upregulation of collagen fibril organization + upregulation of fibrillar collagen organization + activation of collagen fibril organisation + activation of collagen fibril organization + activation of fibrillar collagen organization + biological_process + GO:1904028 + positive regulation of collagen fibril organization - - - - true + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25451920 - - - A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. - UBERONREF:0000006 + + + positive regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - presacral vertebra - + + + positive regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of collagen fibril organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of collagen fibril organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of fibrillar collagen organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. - EHDAA2:0000216 - FMA:305965 - NCIT:C34148 - conceptus cardiovascular system - uberon - embryonic circulatory system - fetal circulatory system - UBERON:0011695 - embryonic cardiovascular system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-03-13T22:05:41Z + regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904035 + regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process - + - A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19137015 + + + + + regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. - AAO:0000273 - uberon - UBERON:0011772 - lower jaw opening + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-03-13T22:05:47Z + down regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + downregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + down regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + downregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + inhibition of epithelial cell apoptosis + inhibition of epithelial cell apoptotic process + inhibition of epitheliocyte apoptosis + inhibition of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904036 + negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process - + - An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19137015 + + + + + down regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. - AAO:0000621 - uberon - UBERON:0011773 - upper jaw opening + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-03-13T22:05:53Z + positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + up regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + upregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + upregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + activation of epithelial cell apoptosis + activation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + activation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + activation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + up regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + upregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + upregulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904037 + positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process - + - An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19137015 + + + + + positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelial cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. - FMA:77011 - spinal cord nucleus - uberon - UBERON:0011777 - - nucleus of spinal cord + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + sl + 2015-03-18T17:56:14Z + regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904054 + regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation - + - A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24434010 - + - spinal cord nucleus - FMA:77011 + regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A nerve that is part of a head. - uberon - cephalic nerve - head nerve - UBERON:0011779 - - nerve of head region + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + sl + 2015-03-18T17:56:20Z + down regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + down regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + down-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + down-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + downregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + downregulation of hepatoblast proliferation + negative regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + inhibition of cholangiocyte proliferation + inhibition of hepatoblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904055 + negative regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation - + - A nerve that is part of a head. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24434010 - - - - - - - - Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. - uberon - UBERON:0011814 - non-neurogenic ectodermal placode - - - - - cjm + + + down regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. - - + + + down regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. - - EHDAA2:0004149 - FMA:85125 - uberon - AV region - AV segment - atrial ventricular junction - atrioventricular junction - atrioventricular segment - UBERON:0011820 - - atrioventricular region + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + sl + 2015-03-18T17:56:26Z + positive regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + up regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + up regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + up-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + up-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + upregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + upregulation of hepatoblast proliferation + activation of cholangiocyte proliferation + activation of hepatoblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904056 + positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation - + - An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24434010 - - - AV region - + + + positive regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - AV segment - + + + up regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - atrial ventricular junction - GO:0003294 + + + up regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - atrioventricular junction - FMA:85125 - GO:0003294 + + + up-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - atrioventricular segment - + + + up-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. - FMA:20107 - uberon - UBERON:0011821 - irregular connective tissue - - - - - FMA + + + upregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. - FMA:20107 + + + upregulation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cholangiocyte proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of hepatoblast proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. - Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] - - - FMA:20109 - NCIT:C32882 - UMLS:C0738366 - irregular dense connective tissue - typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) - uberon - UBERON:0011822 - dense irregular connective tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. + sl + 2015-03-18T20:33:57Z + down regulation of nociception + down regulation of sensory perception of pain + down-regulation of nociception + down-regulation of sensory perception of pain + downregulation of nociception + downregulation of sensory perception of pain + negative regulation of nociception + down regulation of perception of physiological pain + down-regulation of perception of physiological pain + downregulation of perception of physiological pain + inhibition of nociception + inhibition of perception of physiological pain + inhibition of sensory perception of pain + negative regulation of perception of physiological pain + biological_process + GO:1904057 + negative regulation of sensory perception of pain - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17167094 - - - Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. - - FMA:20109 + + + down regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - - - Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] - 2012-08-29 - ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue - NCIT + + + down regulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0738366 - ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + down-regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - + - typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) - FMA:20109 + down-regulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. - our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. - Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] - - - AAO:0000121 - NCIT:C32450 - UMLS:C1511770 - uberon - UBERON:0011823 - dense connective tissue - - - - Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. - + + + downregulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - - - Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] - 2012-08-29 - ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue - NCIT + + + downregulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1511770 - ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + negative regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA:75634 - uberon - UBERON:0011824 - fibrous connective tissue - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. - - - FMA:19783 - NCIT:C33007 - UMLS:C1253917 - textus connectivus collagenosus laxus - textus connectivus laxus - uberon - UBERON:0011825 - loose connective tissue - - - - - FMA + + + down-regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. - FMA:19783 + + + downregulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1253917 - ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue + + + inhibition of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - - - textus connectivus collagenosus laxus - FMA:19783 - FMA:TA - + + + inhibition of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - - - textus connectivus laxus - FMA:19783 - FMA:TA - + + + inhibition of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. - exocrine gland acinus - uberon - UBERON:0011858 - acinus of exocrine gland + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. + sl + 2015-03-18T20:34:03Z + positive regulation of nociception + up regulation of nociception + up regulation of sensory perception of pain + up-regulation of nociception + up-regulation of sensory perception of pain + upregulation of nociception + upregulation of sensory perception of pain + activation of nociception + activation of perception of physiological pain + activation of sensory perception of pain + positive regulation of perception of physiological pain + up regulation of perception of physiological pain + up-regulation of perception of physiological pain + upregulation of perception of physiological pain + biological_process + GO:1904058 + positive regulation of sensory perception of pain - + - An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17167094 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the FMA class specifically refers to ureter - FMA:63212 - MESH:D024022 - NCIT:C32339 - NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 - uberon - UBERON:0011860 - collection of collagen fibrils - - - - - - ZFA + + + positive regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie - - - the FMA class specifically refers to ureter - FMA + + + up regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of nociception + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of sensory perception of pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of perception of physiological pain + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - uberon - UBERON:0011861 - - aorta collagen fibril + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-03-18T21:11:43Z + regulation of cation transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:1904062 + regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport - + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - MP:0011640 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15304482 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - uberon - UBERON:0011862 - - pulmonary collagen fibril + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-03-18T21:11:50Z + down regulation of cation transmembrane transport + down-regulation of cation transmembrane transport + downregulation of cation transmembrane transport + inhibition of cation transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:1904063 + negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport - + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - MP:0011641 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15304482 + + + + + down regulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - uberon - UBERON:0011863 - - bone collagen fibril + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + sl + 2015-03-18T21:11:55Z + up regulation of cation transmembrane transport + up-regulation of cation transmembrane transport + upregulation of cation transmembrane transport + activation of cation transmembrane transport + biological_process + GO:1904064 + positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport - + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - MP:0011642 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15304482 + + + + + up regulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cation transmembrane transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - uberon - UBERON:0011864 - - tendon collagen fibril + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + tb + 2015-03-20T16:55:56Z + regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904073 + regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - MP:0011643 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24508636 + + + + + regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - uberon - UBERON:0011865 - - corneal stroma collagen fibril + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + tb + 2015-03-20T16:56:02Z + down regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + down regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + down-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + down-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + downregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + downregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + negative regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + inhibition of trophectoderm cell proliferation + inhibition of trophectodermal cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904074 + negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation - + - The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. - MP:0011650 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24508636 + + + + + down regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. - In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle - FMA:62998 - muscle coat of esophagus - muscular coat of oesophagus - muscular layer of oesophagus - tela muscularis (oesophagus) - tunica muscularis esophagi - tunica muscularis oesophageae - uberon - UBERON:0011878 - muscle layer of esophagus + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + tb + 2015-03-20T16:56:08Z + positive regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + up regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + up regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + up-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + up-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + upregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + upregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + activation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + activation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904075 + positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation - - - - - - - - - upper part - - - - + - A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24508636 - - - In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle - WP + + + positive regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscle coat of esophagus - FMA:62998 + up regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular coat of oesophagus - FMA:62998 + up regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular layer of oesophagus - FMA:62998 + up-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - tela muscularis (oesophagus) - FMA:62998 - FMA:TA - + up-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis esophagi - + upregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis oesophageae - FMA:TA - + upregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of trophectoderm cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of trophectodermal cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. - - EMAPA:37417 - Haller tunica vascula - anterior part of uveal tract - anterior uveal tract - anterior vascular layer of the eyeball - anterior vascular tunic of the eye - tunica vasculosa bulbosa - ventral uveal tract - uberon - ciliary body and iris - vasculosa oculi - UBERON:0011892 - - anterior uvea + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus. + kmv + 2015-04-01T18:14:41Z + protein localisation in microvillus + protein localisation to microvillus + protein localization in microvillus + biological_process + GO:1904106 + protein localization to microvillus - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - MP - - - - - - lexical - - - + - Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. - MP:0005194 - - - - - EMAPA:37417 - MA:th + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:25335890 - + - Haller tunica vascula - MP:0005194 + protein localisation in microvillus + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica vasculosa bulbosa - MP:0005194 + protein localisation to microvillus + GOC:TermGenie - - - vasculosa oculi - MP:0005194 + + + protein localization in microvillus + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. - The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones - - - FMA:9726 - NCIT:C32527 - UMLS:C0504096 - fascia of muscle organ - uberon - epimysia - UBERON:0011899 - epimysium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + tb + 2015-04-14T15:59:22Z + down regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + downregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + inhibition of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1904145 + negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + + + + + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - - - - - - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22674394 - - - UMLS:C0504096 - ncithesaurus:Epimysium + + + down regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - fascia of muscle organ - FMA:9726 + down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - - - epimysia - - + + + downregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. - EHDAA2:0000177 - EMAPA:16115 - visceral yolk sac blood island - yolk sac blood islands - uberon - UBERON:0011919 - - yolk sac blood island + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + tb + 2015-04-14T15:59:28Z + up regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + upregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + activation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + biological_process + GO:1904146 + positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. - MP:0011204 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22674394 - + - visceral yolk sac blood island - MP:0011204 + up regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - yolk sac blood islands - EHDAA2:0000177 + up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. - as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus - - - EMAPA:17623 - MA:0001613 - NCIT:C77661 - UMLS:C0227197 - uberon - glandular stomach - UBERON:0011953 - - stomach glandular region + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + als + 2015-04-23T09:32:19Z + regulation of cell blebbing + biological_process + GO:1904170 + regulation of bleb assembly - + - A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25651887 - - - UMLS:C0227197 - ncithesaurus:Glandular_Stomach + + + regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. - - - EMAPA:37164 - FMA:14339 - MA:0003032 - uberon - UBERON:0011955 - - left hepatic vein + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + als + 2015-04-23T09:32:25Z + down regulation of bleb assembly + down regulation of cell blebbing + down-regulation of bleb assembly + down-regulation of cell blebbing + downregulation of bleb assembly + downregulation of cell blebbing + negative regulation of cell blebbing + inhibition of bleb assembly + inhibition of cell blebbing + biological_process + GO:1904171 + negative regulation of bleb assembly - + - A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25651887 - - - EMAPA:37164 - MA:th + + + down regulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. - - - EMAPA:37377 - FMA:14338 - MA:0003034 - uberon - UBERON:0011956 - - right hepatic vein + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + als + 2015-04-23T09:32:31Z + positive regulation of cell blebbing + up regulation of bleb assembly + up regulation of cell blebbing + up-regulation of bleb assembly + up-regulation of cell blebbing + upregulation of bleb assembly + upregulation of cell blebbing + activation of bleb assembly + activation of cell blebbing + biological_process + GO:1904172 + positive regulation of bleb assembly - + - A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:als + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25651887 - - - EMAPA:37377 - MA:th + + + positive regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. - EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. - - coelomic - - EHDAA2:0004731 - enterocoelom - haemocoelom - schizocoelom - uberon - coelem - coelomic cavity - UBERON:0011997 - coelom - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + up regulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. - - - UBERON:cjm + + + up regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie - - - - + + + up-regulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + + + up-regulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie + + + - enterocoelom - NCBITaxon:33511 + activation of bleb assembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - coelomic cavity - EHDAA2:0004731 + + + activation of cell blebbing + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The cavity within a myotome. - The central cavity within the mesoderm is the paired primary or embryonic coelom. Parts of the embryonic coelom often become enclosed in the mesoderm, forming a myocoel within the epimere, a nephrocoel within the mesomere, and simple coelom (body cavity) within the lateral plate mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - EMAPA:31134 - VHOG:0001283 - uberon - UBERON:0012054 - myocoele + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + sl + 2015-04-29T20:01:01Z + biological_process + regulation of adipogenesis + GO:1904177 + regulation of adipose tissue development - + - The cavity within a myotome. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23081848 - - - The central cavity within the mesoderm is the paired primary or embryonic coelom. Parts of the embryonic coelom often become enclosed in the mesoderm, forming a myocoel within the epimere, a nephrocoel within the mesomere, and simple coelom (body cavity) within the lateral plate mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001283 - VHOG - - ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.166 and Figure 5.6 + + + regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - Any bone that is part of a palate. - this is distinct (but not disjoint) from palatine bone - - EMAPA:37930 - NCIT:C33248 - UMLS:C1518857 - palatal bone - uberon - UBERON:0012071 - - palate bone - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + sl + 2015-04-29T20:01:07Z + down regulation of adipose tissue development + down-regulation of adipose tissue development + downregulation of adipose tissue development + inhibition of adipose tissue development + biological_process + down regulation of adipogenesis + down-regulation of adipogenesis + downregulation of adipogenesis + inhibition of adipogenesis + negative regulation of adipogenesis + GO:1904178 + negative regulation of adipose tissue development + + + + + - - - Any bone that is part of a palate. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - EMAPA:37930 - MA:th + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23081848 - - - UMLS:C1518857 - ncithesaurus:Palate_Bone + + + down regulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - uberon - dermatocranium, palatal series - palatal series - UBERON:0012072 - palatal part of dermatocranium - - - - dermatocranium, palatal series - ISBN:0073040584 + + + down-regulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - palatal series - ISBN:0073040584 + + + downregulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. - Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue.[TAO] - This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element. - AAO:0010768 - TAO:0001637 - ZFA:0001628 - replacement bones - uberon - UBERON:0012075 - replacement bone - - - - - ZFA + + + inhibition of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - ZFA + + + down regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. - ZFA:0001628 + + + down-regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue.[TAO] - 2012-08-14 - TAO:0001637 - TAO - TAO:wd + + + downregulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element. - ZFA + + + inhibition of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - replacement bones - ZFA:0001628 - + + + negative regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a bronchus. - - FMA:62646 - bronchial lumen - lumen of bronchus - uberon - UBERON:0012082 - bronchial lumen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + sl + 2015-04-29T20:01:13Z + up regulation of adipose tissue development + up-regulation of adipose tissue development + upregulation of adipose tissue development + activation of adipose tissue development + biological_process + activation of adipogenesis + positive regulation of adipogenesis + up regulation of adipogenesis + up-regulation of adipogenesis + upregulation of adipogenesis + GO:1904179 + positive regulation of adipose tissue development + + + + + - + - - - - - - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - An anatomical cavity that is part of a bronchus. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23081848 - + - bronchial lumen - FMA:62646 + up regulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - lumen of bronchus - FMA:62646 + up-regulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. - - - uberon - dermatological system - UBERON:0012125 - dermatological-muscosal system - - - - Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. - + + + upregulation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + + + activation of adipose tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + - dermatological system - OBI:MC + activation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of adipogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. - - EFO:0002580 - NCIT:C34305 - UMLS:C1514976 - uberon - stomach endoderm - UBERON:0012172 - - stomach primordium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-05-06T15:25:48Z + regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904192 + regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process - + - A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24498161 - - - UMLS:C1514976 - ncithesaurus:Stomach_Primordium + + + regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - stomach endoderm - EFO:0002580 + + + regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. - - EMAPA:37276 - MA:0000574 - NCIT:C12294 - UMLS:C1522650 - uberon - UBERON:0012180 - head or neck skin + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-05-06T15:25:55Z + down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + inhibition of cholangiocyte apoptosis + inhibition of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904193 + negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process - + - A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24498161 - - - EMAPA:37276 - MA:th + + + down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1522650 - ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Scalp_and_Neck + + + down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. - - EMAPA:37180 - MA:0002194 - NCIT:C53062 - UMLS:C1709532 - uberon - UBERON:0012193 - phrenic vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-05-06T15:26:00Z + positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + upregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + activation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + activation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + upregulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904194 + positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process - + - The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. - ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24498161 - - - EMAPA:37180 - MA:th + + + positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1709532 - ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein + + + up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. - - abdominal artery - artery of abdomen - uberon - UBERON:0012254 - - abdominal aorta artery + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + sl + 2015-05-08T17:38:13Z + biological_process + GO:1904204 + regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy - + - An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23470307 - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. - - uberon - UBERON:0012274 - columnar epithelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + sl + 2015-05-08T17:38:19Z + down regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + down-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + downregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + inhibition of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + biological_process + GO:1904205 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy - + - An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23470307 + + + + + down regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. - FMA:86452 - mesoderm-derived epithelium - mesoepithelium - uberon - UBERON:0012275 - meso-epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + sl + 2015-05-08T17:38:25Z + up regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + up-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + upregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + activation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + biological_process + GO:1904206 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy - + - Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23470307 + + + + + up regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. - - FMA:293103 - uberon - embryonic facial process - facial primordium - primordium of face - UBERON:0012314 - embryonic facial prominence + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + bf + 2015-05-20T11:04:28Z + regulation of bile acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:1904251 + regulation of bile acid metabolic process - + - One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + + + + + regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - An artery of the neck. - - EMAPA:37075 - NCIT:C52850 - UMLS:C1707349 - uberon - UBERON:0012320 - cervical artery + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + bf + 2015-05-20T11:04:35Z + down regulation of bile acid metabolic process + down regulation of bile acid metabolism + down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process + down-regulation of bile acid metabolism + downregulation of bile acid metabolic process + downregulation of bile acid metabolism + negative regulation of bile acid metabolism + inhibition of bile acid metabolic process + inhibition of bile acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:1904252 + negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process - + - An artery of the neck. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 - - - EMAPA:37075 - MA:th + + + down regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C1707349 - ncithesaurus:Cervical_Artery + + + down regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. - - - - FMA:10659 - uberon - profunda cervicalis - UBERON:0012321 - - deep cervical artery + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + bf + 2015-05-20T11:04:40Z + positive regulation of bile acid metabolism + up regulation of bile acid metabolic process + up regulation of bile acid metabolism + up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process + up-regulation of bile acid metabolism + upregulation of bile acid metabolic process + upregulation of bile acid metabolism + activation of bile acid metabolic process + activation of bile acid metabolism + biological_process + GO:1904253 + positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 - - - The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. - + + + positive regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - profunda cervicalis - + + + up regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of bile acid metabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of bile acid metabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. - - Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent - - - FMA:10664 - MA:0001936 - uberon - cervical artery - cervical transverse artery - descending branch of the transverse cervical - transversalis artery colli - transversalis colli artery - transverse cervical - transverse cervical vessels - UBERON:0012324 - - transverse cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell. + kmv + 2015-05-28T19:16:03Z + cell cortex of cell leading edge + cell cortex of front of cell + cell cortex of leading edge of cell + cellular_component + cell periphery of cell leading edge + cell periphery of front of cell + cell periphery of leading edge of cell + peripheral cytoplasm of cell leading edge + peripheral cytoplasm of front of cell + peripheral cytoplasm of leading edge of cell + GO:1904269 + cell leading edge cell cortex - + - The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. - + The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + GO_REF:0000064 + PMID:25843030 - - - Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent - MA + + + cell cortex of cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - - - cervical artery - + + + cell cortex of front of cell + GOC:TermGenie - - - cervical artery - MA:0001936 + + + cell cortex of leading edge of cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - cervical transverse artery - + cell periphery of cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - descending branch of the transverse cervical - + cell periphery of front of cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - transversalis artery colli - + cell periphery of leading edge of cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - transversalis colli artery - + peripheral cytoplasm of cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - transverse cervical - + peripheral cytoplasm of front of cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - transverse cervical vessels - + peripheral cytoplasm of leading edge of cell + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A bone element that is part of a jaw region. - Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified - - EMAPA:35453 - MA:0003130 - jaw bone - uberon - UBERON:0012360 - bone of jaw + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-09T23:18:42Z + biological_process + GO:1904304 + regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction - + - A bone element that is part of a jaw region. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10821044 - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0004588 - uberon - UBERON:0012361 - internal anal region + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-09T23:18:48Z + down regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + down-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + downregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + inhibition of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904305 + negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10821044 + + + + + down regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. - FMA:15697 - intestinal muscularis propria - muscularis externa of intestine - uberon - smooth muscle of intestine - UBERON:0012367 - muscle layer of intestine + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-09T23:18:54Z + up regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + up-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + upregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + activation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904306 + positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10821044 - - - A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - intestinal muscularis propria - FMA:15697 + up-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscularis externa of intestine - FMA:15697 + upregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. - - - - - FMA:45636 - NCIT:C94494 - UMLS:C0225334 - uberon - UBERON:0012375 - - Contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and lymph nodes - subserosa + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:16:58Z + biological_process + GO:1904341 + regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + + + + - - - A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - UMLS:C0225334 - ncithesaurus:Subserosa + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24170253 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - - EMAPA:37567 - MA:0001802 - uberon - UBERON:0012416 - - respiratory system arterial smooth muscle + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:17:05Z + down regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + down-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + downregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + inhibition of colon smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904342 + negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + + + + - - - EMAPA:37567 - MA:th + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24170253 + + + + + down regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. - - EMAPA:37586 - MA:0001812 - uberon - UBERON:0012418 - - respiratory system venous smooth muscle + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:17:11Z + up regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + up-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + upregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + activation of colon smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904343 + positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + + + + - - - A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37586 - MA:th + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. - a wide variety of physiological and cellular functions including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction - increases the surface area of a cell lining whilst minimizing increase in volume - FMA class represents an individual microvillus. - - - FMA:67296 - MESH:D008871 - NCIT:C33112 - UMLS:C0026049 - uberon - microvilli - microvillus - UBERON:0012423 - layer of microvilli - - + - A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. - - GO:0005902 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24170253 - - - FMA class represents an individual microvillus. - FMA + + + up regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0026049 - ncithesaurus:Microvillus + + + up-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - - - microvilli - MESH:A11.284.180.565 + + + upregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - - - microvillus - FMA:67296 + + + activation of colon smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. - FMA class represents an individual microvillus - FMA:70978 - NCIT:C33634 - uberon - striated border - UBERON:0012425 - striated border microvillus layer + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:20:31Z + regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + biological_process + GO:1904344 + regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation - + - A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. - - - - - - - FMA class represents an individual microvillus - FMA + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10807413 - - - striated border - FMA:70978 + + + regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. - Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue - - CALOHA:TS-2142 - FMA:14073 - NCIT:C13051 - UMLS:C0229619 - haemopoietic tissue - hematopoietic tissue - hemopoietic tissue - textus haemopoieticus - bone marrow tissue - uberon - UBERON:0012429 - hematopoietic tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:20:44Z + down regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + down regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + down-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + down-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + downregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + downregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + negative regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + inhibition of gastric mucosal blood circulation + inhibition of stomach mucosal blood circulation + biological_process + GO:1904345 + negative regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - defitional - - - + - Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. - - - - - - UMLS:C0229619 - ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_Tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10807413 - + - haemopoietic tissue - FMA:14073 + down regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - hematopoietic tissue - FMA:14073 + down regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - hemopoietic tissue - FMA:14073 + down-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - textus haemopoieticus - FMA:14073 - - - - - bone marrow tissue - NCBITaxon:9606 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. - - tunica fibrosa - - - FMA:58102 - fibrous layer of eyeball - uberon - corneosclera - fibrous tunic - UBERON:0012430 - tunica fibrosa of eyeball - - - - - - FMA + down-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. - + + + downregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - + + + downregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - fibrous layer of eyeball - FMA:58102 + negative regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - corneosclera - + + + inhibition of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - fibrous tunic - + + + inhibition of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. - the ZFA class belongs here as it is an anatomical space. See https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/102/ - TAO:0000330 - ZFA:0000330 - cloaca lumen - cloacal chamber - uberon - UBERON:0012463 - cloacal lumen + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:20:50Z + positive regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + up regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + up regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + up-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + up-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + upregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + upregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + activation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + activation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + biological_process + GO:1904346 + positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation - - - - - - - - - cjm + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:10807413 - - - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - - - the ZFA class belongs here as it is an anatomical space. See https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/102/ - ZFA + + + up regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - cloaca lumen - ZFA:0000330 + up regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - cloacal chamber - ZFA:0000330 + up-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of gastric mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of stomach mucosal blood circulation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. - cloacal opening - uberon - cloacal orifice - vent - UBERON:0012464 - cloacal vent + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:37:34Z + biological_process + GO:1904347 + regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11991626 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. - includes the cloacal lumen, in species where this is present - uberon - UBERON:0012465 - lumen of terminal part of digestive tract + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:37:40Z + down regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + down-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + downregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + inhibition of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904348 + negative regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11991626 + + + + + down regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0000472 - EMAPA:16054 - VHOG:0000767 - uberon - extraembryonic cavities - UBERON:0012466 - extraembryonic cavity + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + sl + 2015-06-11T21:37:46Z + up regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + up-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + upregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + activation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + biological_process + GO:1904349 + positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + + + + - - - extraembryonic cavities - EHDAA2:0000472 - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:11991626 + + + + + up regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. - AEO:0000222 - closed anatomical space - uberon - UBERON:0012467 - enclosed anatomical space + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + rl + 2015-06-12T09:10:36Z + biological_process + regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GO:1904350 + regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole - + - An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. - AEO:0000222 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25635054 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0004589 - uberon - UBERON:0012469 - external anal region - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. - FMA:24139 - uberon - bones of upper limb - ossa membri superioris - pectoral complex skeleton - set of bones of upper limb - skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle - upper limb skeleton - UBERON:0012475 - - skeleton of pectoral complex - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + rl + 2015-06-12T09:10:42Z + down regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + down-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + downregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + inhibition of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + biological_process + down regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + down regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + down-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + down-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + downregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + downregulation of vacuolar protein degradation + inhibition of vacuolar protein breakdown + inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolic process + inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolism + inhibition of vacuolar protein degradation + negative regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + negative regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GO:1904351 + negative regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25635054 + - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie - - - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. - + + + down-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie - + + + downregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie + + + - bones of upper limb - FMA:24139 + down regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - ossa membri superioris - FMA:TA + down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - pectoral complex skeleton - + down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - set of bones of upper limb - FMA:24139 + down regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle - + down-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - upper limb skeleton - FMA:24139 + down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. - FMA:24140 - uberon - bones of lower limb - lower limb skeleton - ossa membri inferioris - pelvic complex skeleton - set of bones of lower limb - skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle - UBERON:0012476 - - skeleton of pelvic complex - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + rl + 2015-06-12T09:10:49Z + up regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + up-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + upregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + activation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + biological_process + activation of vacuolar protein breakdown + activation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + activation of vacuolar protein catabolism + activation of vacuolar protein degradation + positive regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + positive regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + up regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + up regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + up-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + up-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + upregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + upregulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GO:1904352 + positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25635054 + - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie - - - The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. - + + + up-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie - + + + upregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole + GOC:TermGenie + + + - bones of lower limb - FMA:24140 + activation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - lower limb skeleton - FMA:24140 + activation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - ossa membri inferioris - FMA:TA + activation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - + - pelvic complex skeleton - + activation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - set of bones of lower limb - FMA:24140 + positive regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - + - skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle - + positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. - nuchal - nape - - - BTO:0000957 - FMA:24189 - back of neck - nape of neck - neck back - nucha - nuchal region - posterior cervical region - posterior neck region - posterior part of neck - regio cervicalis posterior - uberon - hindneck - UBERON:0012477 - - dorsal part of neck - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. - MP:0012723 + + + up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - nape - BTO:0000957 + + + up regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - back of neck - FMA:24189 + + + up-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - neck back - FMA:24189 + + + up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - nucha - FMA:24189 + + + up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - nuchal region - FMA:24189 + + + up-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - - - posterior cervical region - FMA:24189 + + + upregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown + GOC:TermGenie - - - posterior neck region - FMA:24189 + + + upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - posterior part of neck - FMA:24189 + + + upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - regio cervicalis posterior - FMA:TA + + + upregulation of vacuolar protein degradation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A gland that is part of a cloaca. - uberon - UBERON:0012478 - cloacal gland + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + sl + 2015-06-22T22:09:25Z + biological_process + GO:1904375 + regulation of protein localization to cell periphery - + - A gland that is part of a cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18216290 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - UBERON:0003349 - cloaca mucosa - cloaca mucosa of organ - cloaca mucous membrane - cloaca organ mucosa - cloacal mucous membrane - mucosa of cloaca - mucosa of organ of cloaca - mucous membrane of cloaca - organ mucosa of cloaca - uberon - UBERON:0012480 - cloacal mucosa + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + sl + 2015-06-22T22:09:32Z + down regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + down-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + downregulation of protein localization to cell periphery + inhibition of protein localization to cell periphery + biological_process + GO:1904376 + negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery - + - A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18216290 + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. - cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium. - EMAPA:27577 - EMAPA:36070 - ZFA:0005783 - uberon - cloacal endoderm - UBERON:0012481 - cloacal epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + sl + 2015-06-22T22:09:37Z + up regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + up-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + upregulation of protein localization to cell periphery + activation of protein localization to cell periphery + biological_process + GO:1904377 + positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery - + - An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18216290 - - - cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium. - EMAPA:27577 + + + up regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie - - - cloacal endoderm - EMAPA:27577 + + + up-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to cell periphery + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - cloaca submucosa - cloacal submucosa - uberon - UBERON:0012482 - submucosa of cloaca + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + sl + 2015-06-23T19:23:42Z + regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + biological_process + regulation of NMJ stability + regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GO:1904396 + regulation of neuromuscular junction development - + - A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:7722643 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - cloaca serosa - cloaca serous membrane - cloacal serosa - serous membrane of cloaca - visceral peritoneum of cloaca - uberon - UBERON:0012483 - serosa of cloaca - - - - A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + + + regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - cloacal villi - uberon - UBERON:0012485 - cloacal villus - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + sl + 2015-06-23T19:23:48Z + down regulation of neuromuscular junction development + down regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction development + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + downregulation of neuromuscular junction development + downregulation of neuromuscular junction organization + negative regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + inhibition of neuromuscular junction development + inhibition of neuromuscular junction organization + biological_process + down regulation of NMJ stability + down regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + down-regulation of NMJ stability + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + downregulation of NMJ stability + downregulation of neuromuscular junction stability + inhibition of NMJ stability + inhibition of neuromuscular junction stability + negative regulation of NMJ stability + negative regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GO:1904397 + negative regulation of neuromuscular junction development + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:7722643 + - + - cloacal villi - + down regulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. - muscularis externa of cloaca - uberon - smooth muscle of cloaca - UBERON:0012486 - muscle layer of cloaca - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. - - FMA:14944 - duodenal muscularis propria - muscularis externa of duodenum - uberon - muscularis propria of duodenum - smooth muscle of duodenum - UBERON:0012488 - muscle layer of duodenum - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - + - duodenal muscularis propria - FMA:14944 + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscularis externa of duodenum - FMA:14944 + downregulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - + + + downregulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + - muscularis propria of duodenum - + down regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie - + - smooth muscle of duodenum - + down regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A muscular coat that is part of a colon. - - - EMAPA:27383 - FMA:14986 - MA:0003198 - colonic muscularis propria - muscular coat of colon - muscular layer of colon - muscularis externa of colon - tunica muscularis coli - uberon - colon muscularis - UBERON:0012489 - - muscle layer of colon - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + sl + 2015-06-23T19:23:54Z + positive regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + up regulation of neuromuscular junction development + up regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction development + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + upregulation of neuromuscular junction development + upregulation of neuromuscular junction organization + activation of neuromuscular junction development + activation of neuromuscular junction organization + biological_process + activation of NMJ stability + activation of neuromuscular junction stability + positive regulation of NMJ stability + positive regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + up regulation of NMJ stability + up regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + up-regulation of NMJ stability + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + upregulation of NMJ stability + upregulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GO:1904398 + positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:7722643 + - - - A muscular coat that is part of a colon. - OBOL:automatic + + + positive regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - colonic muscularis propria - FMA:14986 + up regulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular coat of colon - FMA:14986 + up regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscular layer of colon - FMA:14986 + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscularis externa of colon - FMA:14986 + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis coli - FMA:TA + upregulation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie - + + + upregulation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of neuromuscular junction development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of neuromuscular junction organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + - colon muscularis - MA:0003198 + activation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of NMJ stability + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of neuromuscular junction stability + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. - - FMA:15708 - anal canal muscularis propria - anal muscularis propria - muscular coat of anal canal - muscular layer of anal canal - muscularis externa of anal canal - muscularis propria of anal canal - uberon - UBERON:0012490 - muscle layer of anal canal + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:40:42Z + regulation of secretory granule organisation + biological_process + regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GO:1904409 + regulation of secretory granule organization - + - A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15039777 - + - anal muscularis propria - FMA:15708 + regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - muscularis propria of anal canal - FMA:15708 + + + regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. - - FMA:63006 - adventitia of oesophagus - adventitious layer of esophagus - esophageal adventitia - esophagus adventitia - tunica adventitia (esophagus) - tunica adventitia oesophageae - uberon - UBERON:0012504 - adventitia of esophagus + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:40:49Z + down regulation of secretory granule organisation + down regulation of secretory granule organization + down-regulation of secretory granule organisation + down-regulation of secretory granule organization + downregulation of secretory granule organisation + downregulation of secretory granule organization + negative regulation of secretory granule organisation + inhibition of secretory granule organisation + inhibition of secretory granule organization + biological_process + down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GO:1904410 + negative regulation of secretory granule organization - + - An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15039777 - + - adventitia of oesophagus - FMA:63006 + down regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - adventitious layer of esophagus - FMA:63006 + down regulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophageal adventitia - FMA:63006 + down-regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - esophagus adventitia - FMA:63006 + down-regulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica adventitia (esophagus) - FMA:63006 + downregulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica adventitia oesophageae - FMA:TA + downregulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. - - FMA:17046 - uberon - UBERON:0012650 - gastroduodenal junction - - - - An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. - BTO:0005415 - gastroduodenal mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0012651 - mucosa of gastroduodenal junction + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:40:55Z + positive regulation of secretory granule organisation + up regulation of secretory granule organisation + up regulation of secretory granule organization + up-regulation of secretory granule organisation + up-regulation of secretory granule organization + upregulation of secretory granule organisation + upregulation of secretory granule organization + activation of secretory granule organisation + activation of secretory granule organization + biological_process + activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GO:1904411 + positive regulation of secretory granule organization - + - A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15039777 - + - gastroduodenal mucosa - BTO:0005415 + positive regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secretory granule organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secretory granule organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A vein that is part of a abdomen. - TODO mirror representation of abdominal aorta - this class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term 'abdominal vein' may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein - - abdominal vein - uberon - UBERON:0013126 - - vein of abdomen + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:52:15Z + biological_process + GO:1904412 + regulation of cardiac ventricle development - + - A vein that is part of a abdomen. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19590510 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A vein that drains a lip. - - labial vein of face - lip vein - vena labialis - uberon - labial vein - UBERON:0013136 - vein of lip + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:52:21Z + down regulation of cardiac ventricle development + down-regulation of cardiac ventricle development + downregulation of cardiac ventricle development + inhibition of cardiac ventricle development + biological_process + GO:1904413 + negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development + + + + - + - - - - - - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A vein that drains a lip. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19590510 - + - lip vein - OBOL:automatic + down regulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie - + - vena labialis - + down-regulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. - - - FMA:66644 - NCIT:C33719 - UMLS:C0447117 - systemic venous tree organ part - uberon - UBERON:0013140 - systemic vein + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + sl + 2015-06-25T19:52:27Z + up regulation of cardiac ventricle development + up-regulation of cardiac ventricle development + upregulation of cardiac ventricle development + activation of cardiac ventricle development + biological_process + GO:1904414 + positive regulation of cardiac ventricle development + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. - ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19590510 - - - UMLS:C0447117 - ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein + + + up regulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie - + - systemic venous tree organ part - FMA:66644 + up-regulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac ventricle development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - EHDAA2:0000574 - EMAPA:17065 - gland of foregut-midgut junction - uberon - UBERON:0013158 - foregut-midgut junction gland - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential. + sl + 2015-07-09T18:02:40Z + down regulation of neuronal action potential + down-regulation of neuronal action potential + downregulation of neuronal action potential + inhibition of neuronal action potential + biological_process + down regulation of generation of action potential + down-regulation of generation of action potential + downregulation of generation of action potential + inhibition of generation of action potential + negative regulation of generation of action potential + GO:1904456 + negative regulation of neuronal action potential + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25126967 - + - gland of foregut-midgut junction - EMAPA:17065 + down regulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. - FMA:86279 - acinus of serous gland - uberon - UBERON:0013232 - serous acinus - - - - The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. - - + + + down-regulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. - - - - EMAPA:37497 - FMA:9644 - MA:0003061 - NCIT:C77638 - UMLS:C0230041 - neuronames:2806 - cavitas cranii - uberon - intracranial cavity - intracranial space - UBERON:0013411 - cranial cavity - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential. + sl + 2015-07-09T18:02:46Z + up regulation of neuronal action potential + up-regulation of neuronal action potential + upregulation of neuronal action potential + activation of neuronal action potential + biological_process + activation of generation of action potential + positive regulation of generation of action potential + up regulation of generation of action potential + up-regulation of generation of action potential + upregulation of generation of action potential + GO:1904457 + positive regulation of neuronal action potential + + + + + - + - - - - - - - Wikipedia + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25126967 - - - EMAPA:37497 - MA:th + + + up regulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0230041 - ncithesaurus:Cranial_Cavity + + + up-regulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavitas cranii - FMA:9644 - FMA:TA - + upregulation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + + + activation of neuronal action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + - intracranial cavity - + activation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - intracranial space - + positive regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of generation of action potential + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - BTO:0004128 - CALOHA:TS-0573 - uberon - respiratory endothelium - UBERON:0013479 - lung endothelium + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + mr + 2015-07-15T22:14:39Z + biological_process + GO:1904484 + cloacal gland development - + - A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - respiratory endothelium - BTO:0004128 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:mr + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:18805421 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. - - NCIT:C34129 - UMLS:C1516658 - sphincter cloacae - uberon - UBERON:0013501 - the muscles of the cloacal sphincter specialise into the perineal muscles in mammals (Gegenbaur, 1883; Popowsky, 1899; Nishi, 1938). - cloacal sphincter + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone. + kmv + 2015-07-17T20:43:21Z + protein localisation in ciliary transition zone + protein localisation to ciliary transition zone + protein localization in ciliary transition zone + biological_process + GO:1904491 + protein localization to ciliary transition zone - + - A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:kmv + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:21422230 - - - UMLS:C1516658 - ncithesaurus:Cloacal_Sphincter + + + protein localisation in ciliary transition zone + GOC:TermGenie - + - sphincter cloacae - + protein localisation to ciliary transition zone + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in ciliary transition zone + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - UBERON:0013517 - EHDAA2:0000260 - EMAPA:18044 - coccygeal vertebra cartilage element - coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group - tail vertebral cartilage condensation - uberon - UBERON:0013503 - caudal vertebra cartilage element + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus. + sl + 2015-08-20T16:46:24Z + response to glycoproteins + biological_process + GO:1904587 + response to glycoprotein - + - A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - coccygeal vertebra cartilage element - - - - - - coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group - EHDAA2:0000260 - - - - - tail vertebral cartilage condensation - EMAPA:18044 + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000071 + PMID:14597422 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - UBERON:0013518 - EMAPA:18045 - coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation - tail vertebral pre-cartilage condensation - uberon - UBERON:0013504 - caudal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + Any apoptotic process in a fat cell. + sl + 2015-08-27T18:13:06Z + adipocyte apoptotic process + adipose cell apoptotic process + adipocyte apoptosis + adipose cell apoptosis + fat cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904606 + fat cell apoptotic process - + - A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - OBOL:automatic + Any apoptotic process in a fat cell. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000085 + PMID:17024416 - + - coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation - + adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - tail vertebral pre-cartilage condensation - EMAPA:18045 + adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - EHDAA2:0000240 - cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group - uberon - UBERON:0013505 - cervical vertebra cartilage element + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-08-31T20:59:28Z + regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + regulation of fat cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904649 + regulation of fat cell apoptotic process - + - A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17024416 - + - cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group - EHDAA2:0000240 + regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - uberon - UBERON:0013506 - cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-08-31T20:59:34Z + down regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + down regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + down regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + down-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + downregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + downregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + downregulation of fat cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + negative regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + down regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + down regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + down regulation of fat cell apoptosis + down-regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + down-regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + down-regulation of fat cell apoptosis + downregulation of adipocyte apoptosis + downregulation of adipose cell apoptosis + downregulation of fat cell apoptosis + inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis + inhibition of adipocyte apoptotic process + inhibition of adipose cell apoptosis + inhibition of adipose cell apoptotic process + inhibition of fat cell apoptosis + inhibition of fat cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + negative regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + negative regulation of fat cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904650 + negative regulation of fat cell apoptotic process - + - A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17024416 + + + + + down regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - EHDAA2:0002014 - thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group - uberon - UBERON:0013507 - thoracic vertebra cartilage element + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + sl + 2015-08-31T20:59:40Z + positive regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + positive regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + up regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + up regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + up regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + up-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + upregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + upregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + upregulation of fat cell apoptotic process + activation of adipocyte apoptosis + activation of adipocyte apoptotic process + activation of adipose cell apoptosis + activation of adipose cell apoptotic process + activation of fat cell apoptosis + activation of fat cell apoptotic process + positive regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + positive regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + positive regulation of fat cell apoptosis + up regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + up regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + up regulation of fat cell apoptosis + up-regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + up-regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + up-regulation of fat cell apoptosis + upregulation of adipocyte apoptosis + upregulation of adipose cell apoptosis + upregulation of fat cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1904651 + positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process - + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17024416 - + - thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group - EHDAA2:0002014 + positive regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of adipocyte apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of adipose cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of fat cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of adipocyte apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of adipose cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fat cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - - + + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - uberon - UBERON:0013508 - thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane. + vw + 2015-09-04T17:20:16Z + GO:0015758 + biological_process + glucose transport + GO:1904659 + glucose transmembrane transport - + - A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. - OBOL:automatic + The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000069 + PMID:9090050 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The space that surrounds an organism. - external to organism - outside of body - uberon - UBERON:0013514 - space surrounding organism + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + rph + 2015-09-14T08:47:22Z + regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:1904675 + regulation of somatic stem cell division - + - The space that surrounds an organism. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19409607 + + + + + regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0013522 - subdivision of tube - - - - - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. - Organ cavity which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of stomach. Examples: There is only one cavity of stomach[FMA:14585]. - EMAPA:18395 - FMA:14585 - cavity of stomach - uberon - gastric cavity - UBERON:0013525 - stomach lumen + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + rph + 2015-09-14T08:47:28Z + down regulation of somatic stem cell division + down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + down-regulation of somatic stem cell division + down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + downregulation of somatic stem cell division + downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal + negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + inhibition of somatic stem cell division + inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:1904676 + negative regulation of somatic stem cell division - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19409607 - - - The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. - + + + down regulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie - - - Organ cavity which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of stomach. Examples: There is only one cavity of stomach[FMA:14585]. - FMA:14585 + + + down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - + - cavity of stomach - FMA:14585 + down-regulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie - - - gastric cavity - FMA:14585 + + + down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. - FMA:63587 - intestinal villus epithelium - uberon - villous epithelium - villus epithelium - UBERON:0013636 - epithelium of intestinal villus - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + downregulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - + - intestinal villus epithelium - FMA:63587 + negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. - - - FMA:53165 - foramen of skull - cranial conduit - cranial foramen - uberon - foramina of the skull - UBERON:0013685 - foramen of skull + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + rph + 2015-09-14T08:47:34Z + positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + up regulation of somatic stem cell division + up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + up-regulation of somatic stem cell division + up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + upregulation of somatic stem cell division + upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal + activation of somatic stem cell division + activation of somatic stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:1904677 + positive regulation of somatic stem cell division - + - Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. - - TAO:curator + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19409607 - + - foramen of skull - + positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - - - cranial conduit - FMA:53165 + + + up regulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie - - - foramina of the skull - - + + + up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. - FMA:9338 - foramen space - uberon - UBERON:0013686 - anatomical conduit space - - - - - FMA + + + up-regulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie - - - An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. - - FMA:9338 + + + up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of somatic stem cell division + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of somatic stem cell renewal + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - - + - - + + - Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. - BTO:0001852 - BTO:0003248 - CALOHA:TS-0092 - uberon - cerebromicrovascular endothelium - UBERON:0013694 - brain endothelium + + + + + + + Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other. + tb + 2015-09-22T18:50:41Z + GO:0015197 + GO:0015637 + Reactome:R-HSA-1500817 + molecular_function + peptide transporter activity + peptide uptake permease activity + GO:1904680 + peptide transmembrane transporter activity - + - Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. - CALOHA:TS-0092 + Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000070 - - - cerebromicrovascular endothelium - CALOHA:TS-0092 + + + Reactome:R-HSA-1500817 + Glutathione is taken up by the bacterium - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. - CALOHA:TS-0162 - uberon - colon endothelial cell - colon endothelial cells - colonic endothelial cell - colonic endothelium - colorectal endothelial cell - colorectal endothelium - UBERON:0013695 - colon endothelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-09-25T15:23:38Z + down regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + down regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + down regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + down-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + down-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + down-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + downregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + downregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + downregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + inhibition of pancreatic B cell proliferation + inhibition of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + inhibition of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904691 + negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation - + - Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. - CALOHA:TS-0162 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24055447 - - - colon endothelial cell - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - colon endothelial cells - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - colonic endothelial cell - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - colonic endothelium - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - colorectal endothelial cell - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - colorectal endothelium - CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + down-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. - CALOHA:TS-2108 - uberon - epithelium of exocrine pancreas - exocrine pancreas epithelial cell - UBERON:0013697 - exocrine pancreas epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-09-25T15:23:44Z + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + up regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + up regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + up regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + up-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + up-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + up-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + upregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + upregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + upregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + activation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + activation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + activation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904692 + positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation - + - Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. - CALOHA:TS-2108 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24055447 - - - epithelium of exocrine pancreas - CALOHA:TS-2108 + + + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - exocrine pancreas epithelial cell - CALOHA:TS-2108 + + + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of pancreatic B cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - + - + - - + + - Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. - EHDAA2:0000159 - EMAPA:18166 - uberon - UBERON:0013700 - axial musculature + The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized. + bf + 2015-09-29T09:15:28Z + MB morphogenesis + biological_process + mesencephalon morphogenesis + GO:1904693 + midbrain morphogenesis - + - Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. - HP:0003327 + The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000083 + PMID:21347250 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. - uberon - UBERON:0013701 - - main body axis - - - - A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. - + + + MB morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + mesencephalon morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. - Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. - AEO:0000103 - BTO:0001489 - EMAPA:36031 - FMA:231424 - uberon - body - whole body - UBERON:0013702 - - body proper + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-09-30T15:19:50Z + regulation of acinic cell proliferation + regulation of acinous cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904697 + regulation of acinar cell proliferation - - - - AEO - - - + - The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. - AEO:0000103 - - - - - Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. - FMA:231424 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:9788538 - - - body - AEO:0000103 + + + regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - whole body - BTO:0001489 + + + regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. - - FMA:293127 - NCIT:C34230 - UMLS:C1518428 - uberon - chordal canal - UBERON:0013704 - notochordal canal + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-09-30T15:19:57Z + down regulation of acinar cell proliferation + down regulation of acinic cell proliferation + down regulation of acinous cell proliferation + down-regulation of acinar cell proliferation + down-regulation of acinic cell proliferation + down-regulation of acinous cell proliferation + downregulation of acinar cell proliferation + downregulation of acinic cell proliferation + downregulation of acinous cell proliferation + negative regulation of acinic cell proliferation + negative regulation of acinous cell proliferation + inhibition of acinar cell proliferation + inhibition of acinic cell proliferation + inhibition of acinous cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904698 + negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation - + - A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:9788538 - - - UMLS:C1518428 - ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Canal + + + down regulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. - notochord fluid - portion of notochordal fluid - uberon - UBERON:0013727 - Distinct feature of coelocanths - notochordal fluid + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-09-30T15:20:03Z + positive regulation of acinic cell proliferation + positive regulation of acinous cell proliferation + up regulation of acinar cell proliferation + up regulation of acinic cell proliferation + up regulation of acinous cell proliferation + up-regulation of acinar cell proliferation + up-regulation of acinic cell proliferation + up-regulation of acinous cell proliferation + upregulation of acinar cell proliferation + upregulation of acinic cell proliferation + upregulation of acinous cell proliferation + activation of acinar cell proliferation + activation of acinic cell proliferation + activation of acinous cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904699 + positive regulation of acinar cell proliferation - + - Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:9788538 + + + + + positive regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acinar cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acinic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acinous cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. - - layer of skin - skin layer - uberon - UBERON:0013754 - - integumentary system layer + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-10-01T16:05:20Z + regulation of VSMC proliferation + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904705 + regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation - + - An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23246467 + + + + + regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A blood that is part of a artery. - FMA:83066 - arterial blood - blood in artery - portion of arterial blood - uberon - UBERON:0013755 - - arterial blood + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-10-01T16:05:26Z + down regulation of VSMC proliferation + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + down-regulation of VSMC proliferation + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + downregulation of VSMC proliferation + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + negative regulation of VSMC proliferation + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + inhibition of VSMC proliferation + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904706 + negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation - + - A blood that is part of a artery. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23246467 - + - arterial blood - FMA:83066 + down regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - blood in artery - FMA:83066 + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - portion of arterial blood - FMA:83066 + down-regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A blood that is part of a vein. - FMA:83067 - blood in vein - portion of venous blood - venous blood - uberon - UBERON:0013756 - venous blood - - - - A blood that is part of a vein. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - blood in vein - FMA:83067 + downregulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - portion of venous blood - FMA:83067 + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - venous blood - FMA:83067 + negative regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A blood that is part of a capillary. - FMA:263901 - NCIT:C32212 - blood in capillary - portion of blood in capillary - portion of capillary blood - uberon - UBERON:0013757 - capillary blood - - - - A blood that is part of a capillary. - OBOL:automatic + + + inhibition of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - portion of blood in capillary - FMA:263901 + + + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. - - EMAPA:37843 - digestive organ - digestive system organ - uberon - UBERON:0013765 - - - digestive system element + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + sl + 2015-10-01T16:05:32Z + positive regulation of VSMC proliferation + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + up regulation of VSMC proliferation + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + up-regulation of VSMC proliferation + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + upregulation of VSMC proliferation + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + activation of VSMC proliferation + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1904707 + positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation - + - Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23246467 - - - EMAPA:37843 - MA:th + + + positive regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. - great vessel - - - EMAPA:36460 - great vessel of thorax - uberon - UBERON:0013768 - - Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae - great vessel of heart - - - - Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. - + + + up regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:32735 - FMA:293883 - mesenchyme from neural crest - neural crest derived mesenchyme - neural crest mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0014387 - mesenchyme derived from neural crest - - - - Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. - - OBOL:automatic + + + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. - this class may be merged with 'respiratory system muscle'; check intercostals - MESH:D012132 - uberon - UBERON:0014398 - - respiratory muscle - - - - Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. - + + + up-regulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. - FMA:63133 - lumen of sinusoid - sinusoid lumen - uberon - UBERON:0014399 - sinusoidal space - - - - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. - OBOL:automatic + + + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - lumen of sinusoid - FMA:63133 + upregulation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - sinusoid lumen - FMA:63133 + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. - FMA:262090 - lumen of hepatic sinusoid - uberon - UBERON:0014400 - hepatic sinusoidal space - - - - A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. - OBOL:automatic + + + activation of VSMC proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - lumen of hepatic sinusoid - FMA:262090 + + + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. - Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively[BTO:0004041]. - - - - BTO:0004041 - CALOHA:TS-2405 - uberon - abdominal fat - intra-abdominal adipose tissue - intra-abdominal fat - organ fat - visceral adipose tissue - visceral fat - UBERON:0014454 - visceral abdominal adipose tissue - + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + es + 2015-10-19T14:12:27Z + down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + biological_process + down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GO:1904746 + U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. - - - CALOHA:paula - MGI:csmith + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22801495 - - - Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively[BTO:0004041]. - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - abdominal fat - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - intra-abdominal fat - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - organ fat - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral adipose tissue - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - visceral fat - BTO:0004041 + + + down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. - - - - CALOHA:TS-2406 - abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue - subcutaneous abdominal fat - subcutaneous fat of abdominal region - uberon - UBERON:0014455 - subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue - - - - Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. - - - CALOHA:paula - MGI:csmith + + + down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. - - EHDAA2:0002013 - FMA:77169 - skeleton of thorax - thoracic part of axial skeleton - thoracic skeleton - uberon - UBERON:0014477 - - thoracic skeleton - - - - Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. - - + + + down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - thoracic skeleton - EHDAA2:0002013 + down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. - - - BIRNLEX:1521 - UMLS:C0228610 - cervical spinal cord gray matter - uberon - UBERON:0014613 - cervical spinal cord gray matter - - - - A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0228610 - BIRNLEX:1521 + + + down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - cervical spinal cord gray matter - BIRNLEX:1521 - + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. - - - BIRNLEX:980 - UMLS:C0228627 - thoracic spinal cord gray matter - uberon - UBERON:0014636 - thoracic spinal cord gray matter - - - - A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie - - - UMLS:C0228627 - BIRNLEX:980 + + + down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - thoracic spinal cord gray matter - BIRNLEX:980 - + down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. - EHDAA2:0004108 - EMAPA:32918 - uberon - UBERON:0014702 - frontonasal process epithelium - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. - EHDAA2:0004019 - EMAPA:25040 - uberon - UBERON:0014703 - anal membrane ectodermal component - - - - A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. - EHDAA2:0004736 - EMAPA:25034 - pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity - uberon - UBERON:0014704 - pleuroperitoneal canal lumen - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity - EMAPA:25034 + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. - - - - NCIT:C32828 - uberon - UBERON:0014716 - - interlobular duct - - - - A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. - ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Duct + + + downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. - FMA:86278 - acinus of mucuous gland - mucus acinus - uberon - UBERON:0014717 - mucous acinus - - - - The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. - - + + + downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. - - - uberon - intralobular ductule - UBERON:0014719 - - intralobular duct - - - - A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. - + + + downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. - uberon - intralobular ductule - UBERON:0014720 - interlobar duct - - - - A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. - + + + downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The domain of the diaphragm that is located dorsally and attaches to the vertebrae and surrounds the esophagus and aorta. - - - EHDAA2:0000597 - EMAPA:17703 - VHOG:0001546 - crural diaphragm - uberon - crura of the diaphragm - crus of the diaphragm - diaphragm crura - diaphragmatic crura - UBERON:0014765 - Classification notes: May be considered an external sphincter[PMID:8224664] - crus of diaphragm - - - - - - - - - - + + + downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - + + + negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - The domain of the diaphragm that is located dorsally and attaches to the vertebrae and surrounds the esophagus and aorta. - + + + negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - crural diaphragm - + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - crura of the diaphragm - + + + negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - crus of the diaphragm - + + + negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - diaphragm crura - + + + negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - diaphragmatic crura - + + + negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_right_side_of a diaphragm. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - FMA:58286 - crus dextrum (Diaphragma) - crus dextrum diaphragmatis - external sphincter of esophagus - right crus of diaphragm - right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm - uberon - UBERON:0014766 - right crus of diaphragm - - - - A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_right_side_of a diaphragm. - OBOL:automatic + + + negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - crus dextrum (Diaphragma) - FMA:58286 - FMA:TA - + + + down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - crus dextrum diaphragmatis - FMA:58286 - FMA:TA - + + + down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - external sphincter of esophagus - FMA:58286 + + + down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - right crus of diaphragm - FMA:58286 + + + down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm - FMA:58286 + + + down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_left_side_of a diaphragm. - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern - - FMA:58287 - crus sinistrum (Diaphragma) - crus sinistrum diaphragmatis - left crus of diaphragm - left crus of lumbar part of diaphragm - uberon - UBERON:0014767 - left crus of diaphragm - - - - A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_left_side_of a diaphragm. - OBOL:automatic + + + down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - crus sinistrum (Diaphragma) - FMA:58287 - FMA:TA - + + + down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - crus sinistrum diaphragmatis - FMA:58287 - FMA:TA - + + + down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - left crus of diaphragm - FMA:58287 + + + down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - left crus of lumbar part of diaphragm - FMA:58287 + + + down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. - mesomere - midbrain segment - segment of midbrain - EHDAA2:0004352 - FMA:61997 - mesomere of nervous system - neuromere of mesomere group - uberon - future mesencephalon - mesomere group - UBERON:0014776 - midbrain neuromere - - - - A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. - + + + down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - mesomere group - EHDAA2:0004352 + + + down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. - TAO:0001332 - ZFA:0001332 - spinal cord metameric segment - spinal neuromeres - uberon - spinal cord segment - UBERON:0014777 - spinal neuromere - - - - A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. - + + + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - spinal neuromeres - TAO:0001332 - + + + down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - spinal cord segment - TAO:0001332 + + + down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. - uberon - UBERON:0014783 - cloacal muscle - - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - EMAPA:37864 - FMA:71297 - muscles of lower limb - musculature of lower limb - musculi membri inferioris - uberon - UBERON:0014792 - musculature of pelvic complex - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37864 - MA:th + + + down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscles of lower limb - FMA:71297 + down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - musculature of lower limb - FMA:71297 + down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - musculi membri inferioris - FMA:TA + downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. - currently defined by location rather than attachment - EMAPA:37861 - FMA:71296 - muscles of upper limb - musculature of upper limb - musculi membri superioris - set of muscles of upper limb - upper limb musculature - uberon - UBERON:0014793 - musculature of pectoral complex - - - - Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37861 - MA:th + + + downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - muscles of upper limb - FMA:71296 + downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - musculature of upper limb - FMA:71296 + downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - musculi membri superioris - FMA:TA + downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - set of muscles of upper limb - FMA:71296 + downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - upper limb musculature - FMA:71296 + downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). - uberon - UBERON:0014794 - pectoral appendage muscle - - - - - - - - - - prolog + + + downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). - OBOL:automatic + + + downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). - uberon - UBERON:0014795 - pelvic appendage muscle - - - - - - - - - - prolog + + + inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). - OBOL:automatic + + + inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). - skeletal muscle - AAO:0011099 - BTO:0001103 - CALOHA:TS-0933 - EFO:0000888 - EHDAA:5035 - EHDAA:5043 - EHDAA:5978 - EHDAA:5984 - EMAPA:35988 - EV:0100377 - GAID:141 - MA:0003148 - MAT:0000302 - MESH:D018482 - MIAA:0000302 - OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - TAO:0005277 - VHOG:0000319 - XAO:0000174 - ZFA:0005277 - uberon - UBERON:0014892 - skeletal muscle organ - - - - A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). - GOC:dos + + + inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. - EFO:0003708 - TAO:0005076 - ZFA:0005076 - uberon - UBERON:0014903 - primordial vasculature - - - - A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. - ZFA:0005076 - ZFA:curator + + + inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. - Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta or the posterior cardinal vein and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these don't have venous or arterial markers[ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4]. - EFO:0003664 - EMAPA:37389 - TAO:0001285 - XAO:0004075 - ZFA:0001285 - intersegmental vessel - intersegmental vessels - intersomitic blood vessel - intersomitic vessels - segmental vessel - uberon - UBERON:0014907 - - intersomitic vessel - - - - - ZFA + + + inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - ZFA + + + inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. - MGI:anna + + + inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta or the posterior cardinal vein and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these don't have venous or arterial markers[ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4]. - ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4 + + + inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37389 - MA:th + + + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - intersegmental vessel - ZFA:0001285 + + + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie - - - intersegmental vessels - ZFA:0001285 - + + + inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - intersomitic blood vessel - XAO:0004075 + + + inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - intersomitic vessels - ZFA:0001285 - + + + inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - segmental vessel - ZFA:0001285 + + + inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. - cervical vertebra skeletal element - cervical vertebra element - uberon - UBERON:0015007 - cervical vertebra endochondral element - - - - A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. - + + + inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - cervical vertebra skeletal element - + + + inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - cervical vertebra element - + + + inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. - thoracic vertebra skeletal element - thoracic vertebra element - uberon - UBERON:0015008 - thoracic vertebra endochondral element - + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + es + 2015-10-19T14:12:34Z + positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptotic process involved in development + activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + biological_process + activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GO:1904747 + U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + + + + + - - - A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - thoracic vertebra skeletal element - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22801495 - + - thoracic vertebra element - + positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. - sphenoid bone skeletal element - sphenoid element - uberon - UBERON:0015060 - sphenoid endochondral element - - - - A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. - + + + positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - sphenoid bone skeletal element - + + + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - sphenoid element - + positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - consider merging into myocardial compact layer - FMA:83105 - perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium - subepicardial connective tissue - uberon - UBERON:0015128 - subepicardial layer of epicardium - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium - FMA:83105 + positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie - + - subepicardial connective tissue - FMA:83105 + positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. - - FMA:9871 - epicardial adipose tissue - pericardial adipose tissue - uberon - UBERON:0015129 - epicardial fat - - - - Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. - + + + up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic process involved in development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. - the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is either the Harderian or the lacrimal; if it is a lacrimal, then a progressive lateral migration of the lacrimal glands must occur through the amniotes[PMID:7559104] - the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is the Harderian[PMID:8843648] - - ocular gland - uberon - orbital gland - UBERON:0015152 - gland of ocular region - + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + es + 2015-10-19T15:02:28Z + regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + biological_process + regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GO:1904748 + Q10943 in PMID:22801495, inferred from mutant phenotype + regulation of apoptotic process involved in development + + + + + - + - - - - - - - inferred + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + - A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22801495 + + + + + regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0015165 - multi-unit eye + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + nc + 2015-10-19T15:16:17Z + regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + biological_process + GO:1904749 + regulation of protein localization to nucleolus - + - An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24415760 - - - - present on tentacular crown - + + + regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - - - - present on mantle edge in arcacean Bivalvia - + + + regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - - - - The eyes (optic cushions) on the oral surface of Asteroida (Echinodermata), close to the base of the terminal tentacles, are also composed of a number of simple ocelli - as many as 80-200 in certain species - + + + regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. - TAO:0001462 - XAO:0004074 - ZFA:0001462 - uberon - inter-somited border - intersomitic boundary - intersomitic fissure - intersomitic junction - segmental border - somite boundary - UBERON:0015178 - - somite border + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + nc + 2015-10-19T15:16:24Z + down regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + down regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + down regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + down regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + down-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + down-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + down-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + downregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + downregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + downregulation of protein localization in nucleolus + downregulation of protein localization to nucleolus + negative regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + negative regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + inhibition of protein localisation in nucleolus + inhibition of protein localisation to nucleolus + inhibition of protein localization in nucleolus + inhibition of protein localization to nucleolus + biological_process + GO:1904750 + negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus - + - A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24415760 - - - intersomitic junction - XAO:0004074 + + + down regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - - - somite boundary - ZFA:0001462 + + + down regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. - XAO:0004077 - intersomitic epithelium - intersomitic membrane - uberon - UBERON:0015179 - somite boundary epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + nc + 2015-10-19T15:16:30Z + positive regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + positive regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + up regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + up regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + up regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + up regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + up-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + up-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + up-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + upregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + upregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + upregulation of protein localization in nucleolus + upregulation of protein localization to nucleolus + activation of protein localisation in nucleolus + activation of protein localisation to nucleolus + activation of protein localization in nucleolus + activation of protein localization to nucleolus + biological_process + GO:1904751 + positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus - + - Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. - XAO:0004077 - XAO:EJS + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24415760 - + - intersomitic epithelium - XAO:0004077 + positive regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - + - intersomitic membrane - XAO:0004077 + positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to nucleolus + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. - This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. - uberon - UBERON:0015212 - - - lateral structure + The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized. + dos + 2015-10-28T11:46:04Z + biological_process + intramembranous bones morphogenesis + membrane bone morphogenesis + GO:1904770 + intramembranous bone morphogenesis - + - Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. - + The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000083 + PMID:26399686 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. - heart - SPD:0000130 - cardiac pump - heart or heart like organ - circulatory vessel - uberon - cardiac structure - UBERON:0015228 - - circulatory organ - - - - A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. - + + + intramembranous bones morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + membrane bone morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_left_side_of a exocrine pancreas. - EMAPA:37711 - MA:0000722 - uberon - UBERON:0015280 - pancreas left lobe + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + es + 2015-10-29T16:55:01Z + regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + biological_process + GO:1904776 + An example is cye-1 in C. elegans, UniProt ID O01501 in PMID:17115027. + regulation of protein localization to cell cortex - + - A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_left_side_of a exocrine pancreas. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17115027 - - - EMAPA:37711 - MA:th + + + regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_right_side_of a exocrine pancreas. - EMAPA:37712 - MA:0000723 - uberon - UBERON:0015281 - pancreas right lobe + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + es + 2015-10-29T16:55:08Z + down regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + down regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + down-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + down-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + downregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + downregulation of protein localization to cell cortex + negative regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + inhibition of protein localisation to cell cortex + inhibition of protein localization to cell cortex + biological_process + GO:1904777 + An example is cye-1 in C. elegans, UniProt ID O01501 in PMID:17115027. + negative regulation of protein localization to cell cortex - + - A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_right_side_of a exocrine pancreas. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17115027 - - - EMAPA:37712 - MA:th + + + down regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. - EMAPA:37570 - MA:0001815 - uberon - UBERON:0015329 - respiratory system basement membrane + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + es + 2015-10-29T16:55:15Z + positive regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + up regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + up regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + up-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + up-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + upregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + upregulation of protein localization to cell cortex + activation of protein localisation to cell cortex + activation of protein localization to cell cortex + biological_process + GO:1904778 + An example is cye-1 in C. elegans, UniProt ID O01501 in PMID:17115027. + positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex - - - - - - - - - MA - - - + - A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37570 - MA:th + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17115027 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EMAPA:37597 - MA:0002449 - heart/pericardium - uberon - UBERON:0015410 - heart plus pericardium - - - - - MA + + + positive regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37597 - MA:th + + + up regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - + - heart/pericardium - MA:0002449 + up regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. - - - - EMAPA:37217 - FMA:14772 - MA:0003095 - hepatic artery proper - uberon - proper hepatic - UBERON:0015480 - - proper hepatic artery - - - - - MA + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + up-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. - + + + upregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - EMAPA:37217 - MA:th + + + upregulation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - hepatic artery proper - FMA:14772 + + + activation of protein localisation to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - - - proper hepatic - + + + activation of protein localization to cell cortex + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. - - EMAPA:37096 - FMA:14779 - MA:0003096 - left branch of hepatic artery - left part of hepatic artery proper - ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) - uberon - UBERON:0015481 - - left hepatic artery + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2015-11-17T19:00:01Z + tunica serosa development + wall of serous sac development + biological_process + serosa development + GO:1904817 + serous membrane development - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37096 - MA:th + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:15840053 - + - left branch of hepatic artery - FMA:14779 + tunica serosa development + GOC:TermGenie - + - left part of hepatic artery proper - FMA:14779 + wall of serous sac development + GOC:TermGenie - - - ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) - FMA:14779 - FMA:TA - + + + serosa development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. - - EMAPA:37376 - FMA:14778 - MA:0003097 - ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) - right branch of hepatic artery proper - right part of hepatic artery proper - uberon - UBERON:0015482 - - right hepatic artery + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2015-11-17T19:00:17Z + biological_process + GO:1904818 + visceral peritoneum development - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - EMAPA:37376 - MA:th - - - - - ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) - FMA:14778 - FMA:TA - - - - - - right branch of hepatic artery proper - FMA:14778 - - - - - right part of hepatic artery proper - FMA:14778 + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:15840053 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + - - + + - - + + - Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. - EMAPA:37478 - MA:0003108 - choledochoduodenal junction - uberon - UBERON:0015485 - choledocho-duodenal junction + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2015-11-17T19:00:24Z + peritoneal cavity lining development + biological_process + GO:1904819 + parietal peritoneum development - + - Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. - - - - - - EMAPA:37478 - MA:th + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:15840053 - + - choledochoduodenal junction - MA:0003108 + peritoneal cavity lining development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. - - EMAPA:18835 - FMA:17511 - anal canal epithelium - epithelium of anal canal - uberon - UBERON:0015716 - - anal canal epithelium + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + dph + 2015-11-18T17:23:51Z + biological_process + peritonaeum development + GO:1904820 + peritoneum development - + - An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. - OBOL:automatic + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:dph + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:15840053 - - - anal canal epithelium - FMA:17511 - - - - - epithelium of anal canal - FMA:17511 - - - - - - - - - FMA:62798 - portion of heterogeneous tissue - uberon - UBERON:0015757 - heterogeneous tissue - - - - - - FMA - - - - - portion of heterogeneous tissue - FMA:62798 + + + peritonaeum development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. - FMA:77862 - muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue - stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae - uberon - UBERON:0015783 - smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2015-11-24T10:20:40Z + biological_process + GO:1904829 + regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue - FMA:77862 - - - - - stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae - FMA:77862 - FMA:TA - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22034194 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A blood vessel that is part of a liver. - EMAPA:35498 - MA:0003137 - uberon - hepatic blood vessel - UBERON:0015796 - liver blood vessel + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2015-11-24T10:20:47Z + down regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1904830 + negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A blood vessel that is part of a liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22034194 - - - hepatic blood vessel - EMAPA:35498 + + + down regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. - EMAPA:35957 - MA:0003162 - uberon - UBERON:0015808 - eye epithelium - - - - An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An epithelium that is part of a foregut. - EMAPA:32922 - MA:0003204 - uberon - UBERON:0015833 - foregut epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2015-11-24T10:20:54Z + up regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + activation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1904831 + positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - An epithelium that is part of a foregut. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22034194 + + + + + up regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. - - EMAPA:27255 - FMA:15972 - MA:0003209 - duodenal lamina propria - lamina propria mucosae of duodenum - lamina propria of duodenum - uberon - UBERON:0015834 - - duodenum lamina propria + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. + bf + 2016-01-07T13:45:06Z + cranial skeleton development + craniofacial development + osteocranium development + biological_process + cranium development + GO:1904888 + cranial skeletal system development - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000094 + PMID:11262227 - - - A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. - OBOL:automatic + + + cranial skeleton development + GOC:TermGenie - - - duodenal lamina propria - FMA:15972 + + + craniofacial development + PMID:11262227 - - - lamina propria mucosae of duodenum - FMA:15972 + + + osteocranium development + GOC:TermGenie - - - lamina propria of duodenum - FMA:15972 + + + cranium development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - A capillary that is part of a lung. - FMA:14121 - capillary of lung - uberon - UBERON:0016405 - - pulmonary capillary + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + bf + 2016-02-01T13:16:11Z + regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + biological_process + regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GO:1904933 + regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain - + - A capillary that is part of a lung. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18953410 + PMID:24431302 - + - capillary of lung - FMA:14121 + regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. - FMA:58289 - esophageal hiatus of diaphragm - oesophageal aperture - oesophageal hiatus - uberon - UBERON:0016458 - - esophageal hiatus + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + bf + 2016-02-01T13:16:19Z + down regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + down regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + down-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + down-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + downregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + downregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + negative regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + inhibition of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + inhibition of cell proliferation in midbrain + biological_process + down regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + down-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + downregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + inhibition of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + negative regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GO:1904934 + negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain - + - A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. - HP:0002036 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18953410 + PMID:24431302 - + - esophageal hiatus of diaphragm - FMA:58289 + down regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie - + - oesophageal aperture - FMA:58289 + down regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie - + - oesophageal hiatus - FMA:58289 + down-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A stroma that is part of a liver. - - FMA:17553 - hepatic stroma - stroma of liver - uberon - UBERON:0016478 - - liver stroma + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + bf + 2016-02-01T13:16:27Z + positive regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + up regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + up regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + up-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + up-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + upregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + upregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + activation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + activation of cell proliferation in midbrain + biological_process + activation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + positive regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + up regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + up-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + upregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GO:1904935 + positive regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain - + - A stroma that is part of a liver. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24431302 - + - hepatic stroma - FMA:17553 + positive regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie - + - stroma of liver - FMA:17553 + up regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cell proliferation in midbrain + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. - Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA - - - EMAPA:36002 - FMA:7192 - MA:0002443 - NCIT:C12889 - NLXANAT:090817 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvViwtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - UMLS:C0587901 - neuronames:2888 - uberon - UBERON:0016490 - auditory system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + bc + 2016-02-02T16:37:16Z + biological_process + GO:1904942 + regulation of cardiac ventricle formation - + - Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. - NLXANAT:090817 - - - - - Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA - FMA - - - - - UMLS:C0587901 - ncithesaurus:Auditory_System + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23575307 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. - EMAPA:26047 - FMA:9291 - right ventricle lumen - right ventricular cavity - uberon - UBERON:0016509 - cavity of right ventricle + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + bc + 2016-02-02T16:37:24Z + down regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + down-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + downregulation of cardiac ventricle formation + inhibition of cardiac ventricle formation + biological_process + GO:1904943 + negative regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23575307 - + - right ventricle lumen - EMAPA:26047 + down regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - right ventricular cavity - FMA:FMA + down-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. - EMAPA:19080 - FMA:14589 - doudenal lumen - duodenal lumen - uberon - UBERON:0016512 - lumen of duodenum + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + bc + 2016-02-02T16:37:31Z + up regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + up-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + upregulation of cardiac ventricle formation + activation of cardiac ventricle formation + biological_process + GO:1904944 + positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation - + - An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23575307 - + - doudenal lumen - FMA:FMA + up regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - duodenal lumen - FMA:FMA + up-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac ventricle formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. - EMAPA:26011 - FMA:9465 - left atrial cavity - left atrium lumen - uberon - UBERON:0016513 - cavity of left atrium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. + mec + 2016-02-05T09:59:24Z + down regulation of establishment of protein localisation + down regulation of establishment of protein localization + down regulation of protein positioning + down regulation of protein recruitment + down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation + down-regulation of establishment of protein localization + down-regulation of protein positioning + down-regulation of protein recruitment + downregulation of establishment of protein localisation + downregulation of establishment of protein localization + downregulation of protein positioning + downregulation of protein recruitment + negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation + negative regulation of protein positioning + negative regulation of protein recruitment + inhibition of establishment of protein localisation + inhibition of establishment of protein localization + inhibition of protein positioning + inhibition of protein recruitment + biological_process + GO:1904950 + negative regulation of establishment of protein localization - + - Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22761445 - + - left atrial cavity - FMA:FMA + down regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - left atrium lumen - EMAPA:26011 + down regulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. - EMAPA:26038 - FMA:9466 - left ventricular cavity - uberon - UBERON:0016514 - cavity of left ventricle + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. + mec + 2016-02-05T09:59:32Z + positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation + positive regulation of protein positioning + positive regulation of protein recruitment + up regulation of establishment of protein localisation + up regulation of establishment of protein localization + up regulation of protein positioning + up regulation of protein recruitment + up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation + up-regulation of establishment of protein localization + up-regulation of protein positioning + up-regulation of protein recruitment + upregulation of establishment of protein localisation + upregulation of establishment of protein localization + upregulation of protein positioning + upregulation of protein recruitment + activation of establishment of protein localisation + activation of establishment of protein localization + activation of protein positioning + activation of protein recruitment + biological_process + GO:1904951 + positive regulation of establishment of protein localization - + - Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22761445 - + - left ventricular cavity - FMA:FMA + positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of establishment of protein localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of establishment of protein localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein positioning + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein recruitment + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + + - - + + - - + + - Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. - EMAPA:26020 - FMA:11359 - right atrial cavity - uberon - UBERON:0016522 - cavity of right atrium + The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane. + vw + 2016-03-09T15:33:53Z + biological_process + GO:1905039 + carboxylic acid transmembrane transport - + - Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. - - - - - - right atrial cavity - FMA:FMA + The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000069 + PMID:10869563 - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. - UBERON:2001379 - TAO:0001379 - ZFA:0001379 - uberon - UBERON:0016545 - pharyngeal ectoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-03-21T11:14:53Z + regulation of VSMC differentiation + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905063 + regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19088079 + + + + + regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. - grey matter layer - FMA:83142 - CNS gray matter layer - CNS grey matter layer - gray matter layer of neuraxis - grey matter layer of neuraxis - uberon - UBERON:0016548 - central nervous system gray matter layer + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-03-21T11:15:03Z + down regulation of VSMC differentiation + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of VSMC differentiation + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of VSMC differentiation + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + negative regulation of VSMC differentiation + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of VSMC differentiation + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905064 + negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19088079 - + - gray matter layer of neuraxis - FMA:83142 + down regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. - - NCIT:C93171 - uberon - UBERON:0016552 - phlegm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-03-21T11:15:13Z + positive regulation of VSMC differentiation + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + up regulation of VSMC differentiation + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of VSMC differentiation + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of VSMC differentiation + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + activation of VSMC differentiation + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905065 + positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation - + - Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19088079 + + + + + positive regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of VSMC differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). - uberon - UBERON:0016553 - respiratory system mucus + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + sl + 2016-04-11T20:38:31Z + regulation of axonal protein transport + biological_process + GO:1905126 + regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport - + - Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20694152 - - - - - - - - An roughly circular indentation in a surface. - AEO:0000204 - uberon - UBERON:0016566 - - pit - - - - An roughly circular indentation in a surface. - AEO:0000204 - AEO:JB + + + regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - FMA:68861 - rexed lamina - uberon - UBERON:0016570 - lamina of gray matter of spinal cord + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + sl + 2016-04-11T20:38:40Z + down regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + down-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + downregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + down regulation of axonal protein transport + down-regulation of axonal protein transport + downregulation of axonal protein transport + inhibition of axo-dendritic protein transport + inhibition of axonal protein transport + negative regulation of axonal protein transport + biological_process + GO:1905127 + negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20694152 + + + - rexed lamina - FMA:68861 + down regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The dorsal region of the optic cup that gives rise to the dorsal part of the retina. - dorsal optic cup - dorsal region of optic cup - uberon - UBERON:0016854 - dorsal part of optic cup + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + sl + 2016-04-11T20:38:48Z + up regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + up-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + upregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + activation of axo-dendritic protein transport + activation of axonal protein transport + positive regulation of axonal protein transport + up regulation of axonal protein transport + up-regulation of axonal protein transport + upregulation of axonal protein transport + biological_process + GO:1905128 + positive regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport - + - The dorsal region of the optic cup that gives rise to the dorsal part of the retina. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20694152 - + - dorsal optic cup - + up regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - dorsal region of optic cup - + up-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of axo-dendritic protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of axonal protein transport + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. - UBERON:3000469 - future CNS - presumptive central nervous system - uberon - UBERON:0016879 - future central nervous system + The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + dph + 2016-04-13T11:46:40Z + apical epidermal ridge formation + biological_process + AER formation + crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GO:1905139 + apical ectodermal ridge formation - + - Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. - + The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000081 + PMID:18359901 + PMID:9323126 + PMID:9596583 + + + + + apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Primordium that develops into the nervous system. - UBERON:3000477 - AAO:0000477 - presumptive nervous system - uberon - UBERON:0016880 - future nervous system - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + dph + 2016-04-13T12:16:40Z + regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + biological_process + regulation of AER formation + regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GO:1905140 + regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Primordium that develops into the nervous system. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18359901 - + - presumptive nervous system - AAO:0000477 + regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. - BTO:0005445 - WBbt:0005800 - rectum epithelium - uberon - UBERON:0016885 - epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + dph + 2016-04-13T12:16:48Z + down regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + down regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + down-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + down-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + downregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + downregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + negative regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + inhibition of apical ectodermal ridge formation + inhibition of apical epidermal ridge formation + biological_process + down regulation of AER formation + down regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + down-regulation of AER formation + down-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + downregulation of AER formation + downregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + inhibition of AER formation + inhibition of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + negative regulation of AER formation + negative regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GO:1905141 + negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18359901 - + + + down regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + - rectum epithelium - BTO:0005445 + inhibition of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. - rectum muscle - rectum muscle structure - uberon - UBERON:0016886 - muscle tissue of terminal part of digestive tract - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + dph + 2016-04-13T12:16:57Z + positive regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + up regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + up regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + up-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + up-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + upregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + upregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + biological_process + activation of AER formation + positive regulation of AER formation + positive regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + up regulation of AER formation + up regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + up-regulation of AER formation + up-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + upregulation of AER formation + upregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GO:1905142 + positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18359901 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. - AEO:0000195 - EHDAA2:0000003 - EMAPA:16042 - extra-embryonic component - extraembryonic component - uberon - UBERON:0016887 - entire extraembryonic component - - - - - AEO + + + positive regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - AEO + + + up regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. - AEO:0000195 - AEO:JB + + + up regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - extraembryonic component - AEO:0000195 + up-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of AER formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. - AEO:0000132 - uberon - UBERON:0016888 - transitional anatomical structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus. + dos + 2016-04-14T08:54:49Z + biological_process + GO:1905144 + response to acetylcholine - - - - AEO - - - + - An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. - AEO:0000132 - AEO:JB + Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000071 + PMID:21238497 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. - AEO:0001016 - uberon - UBERON:0017650 - developing mesenchymal structure + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + bc + 2016-04-15T12:47:07Z + biological_process + GO:1905147 + regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy - + - A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. - AEO:0001016 - AEO:JB + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22161164 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A viscus that is part of a abdomen. - FMA:32413 - FMA:67355 - abdominal viscera - abdominal viscera set - set of abdominal viscera - uberon - UBERON:0017672 - - abdominal viscera + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + bc + 2016-04-15T12:47:16Z + down regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + down-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + downregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + inhibition of smooth muscle hypertrophy + biological_process + GO:1905148 + negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy - + - A viscus that is part of a abdomen. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22161164 - + - abdominal viscera - FMA:32413 + down regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - abdominal viscera set - FMA:32413 + down-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - set of abdominal viscera - FMA:32413 + downregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. - FMA:15035 - muscular coat of rectum - muscularis externa of rectum - rectal muscularis propria - tunica muscularis (rectum) - tunica muscularis recti - uberon - UBERON:0018111 - muscle layer of rectum + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + bc + 2016-04-15T12:47:24Z + up regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + up-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + upregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + activation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + biological_process + GO:1905149 + positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy - + - A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. - - - - - - muscular coat of rectum - FMA:15035 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:22161164 - + - muscularis externa of rectum - FMA:15035 + up regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - rectal muscularis propria - FMA:15035 + up-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - tunica muscularis (rectum) - FMA:15035 + upregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - - - tunica muscularis recti - FMA:TA + + + activation of smooth muscle hypertrophy + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. - rectal smooth muscle tissue - rectum smooth muscle - smooth muscle of rectum - uberon - UBERON:0018112 - rectum smooth muscle tissue + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + bc + 2016-06-02T07:20:01Z + regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + regulation of heart cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905207 + regulation of cardiocyte differentiation - + - Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23069713 + + + + + regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - - - - FMA:83521 - uberon - UBERON:0018135 - fibrocollagenous connective tissue + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + bc + 2016-06-02T07:20:09Z + down regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + down regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + down regulation of heart cell differentiation + down-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + down-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + down-regulation of heart cell differentiation + downregulation of cardiac cell differentiation + downregulation of cardiocyte differentiation + downregulation of heart cell differentiation + negative regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + negative regulation of heart cell differentiation + inhibition of cardiac cell differentiation + inhibition of cardiocyte differentiation + inhibition of heart cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905208 + negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23069713 + + + + + down regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - Any vertebra endochondral element that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). - UBERON:0015006 - caudal vertebra element - tail vertebra element - coccygeal vertebra element - coccyx vertebra element - uberon - UBERON:0018142 - caudal vertebra endochondral element + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + bc + 2016-06-02T07:20:16Z + positive regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + positive regulation of heart cell differentiation + up regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + up regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + up regulation of heart cell differentiation + up-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + up-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + up-regulation of heart cell differentiation + upregulation of cardiac cell differentiation + upregulation of cardiocyte differentiation + upregulation of heart cell differentiation + activation of cardiac cell differentiation + activation of cardiocyte differentiation + activation of heart cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905209 + positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any vertebra endochondral element that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23069713 + + + + + positive regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiocyte differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of heart cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. - - FMA:24767 - lower lip skin - uberon - UBERON:0018150 - skin of lower lip + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + vw + 2016-06-03T08:41:08Z + biological_process + GO:1905213 + negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation - + - A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - lower lip skin - FMA:24767 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23219725 - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. - - FMA:24765 - upper lip skin - uberon - UBERON:0018151 - skin of upper lip + The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized. + rl + 2016-06-07T10:02:32Z + heart epicardium morphogenesis + visceral serous pericardium of heart morphogenesis + visceral serous pericardium proper morphogenesis + biological_process + pericardium visceral mesothelium morphogenesis + GO:1905223 + epicardium morphogenesis - + - A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. - OBOL:automatic + The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000083 + PMID:18718461 - + - upper lip skin - FMA:24765 + heart epicardium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + visceral serous pericardium of heart morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + visceral serous pericardium proper morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + pericardium visceral mesothelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A stroma that is part of a pancreas. - - FMA:63121 - pancreatic stroma - uberon - UBERON:0018234 - - stroma of pancreas + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22766 + pr + 2016-06-15T20:14:47Z + GO:0045798 + GO:1903309 + down regulation of chromatin organisation + down regulation of chromatin organization + down regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + down-regulation of chromatin organisation + down-regulation of chromatin organization + down-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + downregulation of chromatin organisation + downregulation of chromatin organization + downregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + negative regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly + negative regulation of chromatin organisation + negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + inhibition of chromatin assembly or disassembly + inhibition of chromatin organisation + inhibition of chromatin organization + inhibition of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + biological_process + down regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + down-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + downregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + negative regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + negative regulation of chromatin modification + GO:1905268 + negative regulation of chromatin organization - + - A stroma that is part of a pancreas. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:654321 - + - pancreatic stroma - FMA:63121 + down regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. - rhombomere junction - uberon - UBERON:0018239 - rhombomere boundary - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22766 + pr + 2016-06-15T20:14:56Z + GO:0045799 + GO:1903310 + positive regulation of chromatin organisation + positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + up regulation of chromatin organisation + up regulation of chromatin organization + up regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + up-regulation of chromatin organisation + up-regulation of chromatin organization + up-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + upregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + upregulation of chromatin organisation + upregulation of chromatin organization + upregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + activation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + activation of chromatin organisation + activation of chromatin organization + activation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + stimulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + biological_process + positive regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + positive regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly + positive regulation of chromatin modification + up regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + up-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly + GO:1905269 + positive regulation of chromatin organization + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. - GO:0021654 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pr + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:654321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104 - EHDAA2:0001842 - EMAPA:35578 - MA:0000165 - uberon - UBERON:0018254 - - skeletal musculature - - - - - - - - - - MA + + + positive regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of chromatin organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of chromatin organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. - uberon - UBERON:0018257 - submucosa of digestive tract + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + bhm + 2016-06-20T09:35:41Z + biological_process + GO:1905276 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + regulation of epithelial tube formation - + - Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. - NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only - - FMA:45634 - NCIT:C75444 - uberon - UBERON:0018260 - layer of muscle tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + bhm + 2016-06-20T09:35:49Z + down regulation of epithelial tube formation + down-regulation of epithelial tube formation + downregulation of epithelial tube formation + inhibition of epithelial tube formation + biological_process + GO:1905277 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + negative regulation of epithelial tube formation - + - Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 - - - NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only - NCIT + + + down regulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. - responsible for gut movement, such as peristalsis - tunica muscularis of digestive tract - uberon - muscular layer of digestive tract - muscularis externa of digestive tract - tunica externa of digestive tract - UBERON:0018261 - muscular coat of digestive tract - - - - A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. - OBOL:automatic + + + down-regulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. - There are usually two Foramina ethmoidalia present on each side in the dog. Sometimes one is situated rostral to the other, but often it is dorsal. They are not homologous with the Foramen ethmoidale anterius and Foramen ethmoidale posterius of man. Therefore they are not listed separately.[NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005)] - - ethmoidal foramen - foramina ethmoidalia - uberon - ethmoid foramina - ethmoidal foramina - UBERON:0018415 - Taxon nodes: In humans, refers to anterior or posterior ethmoid foramina - ethmoid foramen + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + bhm + 2016-06-20T09:35:57Z + up regulation of epithelial tube formation + up-regulation of epithelial tube formation + upregulation of epithelial tube formation + activation of epithelial tube formation + biological_process + GO:1905278 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + positive regulation of epithelial tube formation - + - An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 - + - foramina ethmoidalia - + up regulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - ethmoid foramina - + + + up-regulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie - - - ethmoidal foramina - + + + upregulation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelial tube formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - + + - The anatomical space within the intestine. - see notes in inclusivity in class 'intestine' - FMA:14586 - TADS:0000495 - WBbt:0005791 - ZFA:0005807 - intestinal lumen - intestine lumen - uberon - gut lumen - UBERON:0018543 - lumen of intestine + Any apoptotic process in a vascular associated smooth muscle cell. + rph + 2016-06-23T13:24:20Z + VSMC apoptotic process + vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + VSMC apoptosis + vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1905288 + vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - + - The anatomical space within the intestine. - + Any apoptotic process in a vascular associated smooth muscle cell. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000085 + PMID:26493107 - + - intestinal lumen - FMA:14586 + VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - + - intestine lumen - ZFA:0005807 + vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie - - - gut lumen - ZFA:0005807 + + + VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). - MFMO:0000072 - muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve - muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve - uberon - UBERON:0018544 - trigeminal nerve muscle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + rl + 2016-06-28T15:02:01Z + biological_process + GO:1905292 + regulation of neural crest cell differentiation - + - Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). - MFMO:0000072 - - - - - muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve - MFMO:0000072 - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15073157 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - FMA:83450 - ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - ventricular heart muscle - uberon - ventricular muscle - UBERON:0018649 - cardiac muscle tissue of ventricle + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + rl + 2016-06-28T15:02:09Z + down regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + down-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + downregulation of neural crest cell differentiation + inhibition of neural crest cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905293 + negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15073157 + + + - ventricular cardiac muscle tissue - + down regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - ventricular heart muscle - + down-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - ventricular muscle - + + + downregulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + - An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. - FMA:73747 - ZFA:0005811 - cardiac vasculature - uberon - UBERON:0018674 - heart vasculature + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + rl + 2016-06-28T15:02:16Z + up regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + up-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + upregulation of neural crest cell differentiation + activation of neural crest cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905294 + positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. - ZFA:0005811 - ZFA:CVS + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15073157 - + - cardiac vasculature - FMA:73747 + up regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of neural crest cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0018692 - dorsal side of post-anal tail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. - BTO:0000123 - bladder - uberon - UBERON:0018707 - bladder organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + rph + 2016-06-30T11:40:47Z + biological_process + GO:1905298 + regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + + + + - - - A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. - BTO:0000123 + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - bladder - BTO:0000123 + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23904268 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - BTO:0002439 - genital mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0019042 - reproductive system mucosa + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + rph + 2016-06-30T11:40:55Z + down regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + down-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + downregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell development + biological_process + GO:1905299 + negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + + + + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23904268 + + + - genital mucosa - BTO:0002439 + down regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. - BTO:0004043 - uberon - intramuscular fat - UBERON:0019143 - intramuscular adipose tissue + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + rph + 2016-06-30T11:41:02Z + up regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + up-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + upregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + activation of intestinal epithelial cell development + biological_process + GO:1905300 + positive regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. - BTO:0004043 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23904268 - - - intramuscular fat - BTO:0004043 + + + up regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of intestinal epithelial cell development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - + + - BTO:0004626 - uberon - carotid endothelium - carotid epithelium - UBERON:0019189 - carotid artery endothelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + rl + 2016-07-06T10:01:49Z + regulation of cardiac myofibril development + regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + biological_process + regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GO:1905304 + regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16151019 + + + + + regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + - carotid endothelium - BTO:0004626 + regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - BTO:0004638 - FMA:13119 - bronchial gland - bronchial mucous gland - peribronchial gland - uberon - UBERON:0019190 - mucous gland of lung - + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + rl + 2016-07-06T10:01:58Z + down regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + down regulation of cardiac myofibril development + down regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril development + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + downregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + downregulation of cardiac myofibril development + downregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + negative regulation of cardiac myofibril development + negative regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + inhibition of cardiac myofibril assembly + inhibition of cardiac myofibril development + inhibition of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + biological_process + down regulation of heart myofibril assembly + down-regulation of heart myofibril assembly + downregulation of heart myofibril assembly + inhibition of heart myofibril assembly + negative regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GO:1905305 + negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16151019 + + + - bronchial gland - FMA:13119 + down regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - bronchial mucous gland - FMA:13119 + down regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie - + - peribronchial gland - BTO:0004638 + down regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - - - - Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. - BTO:0004382 - uberon - UBERON:0019204 - skin epithelium + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + rl + 2016-07-06T10:02:07Z + positive regulation of cardiac myofibril development + positive regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + up regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + up regulation of cardiac myofibril development + up regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril development + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + upregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + upregulation of cardiac myofibril development + upregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + activation of cardiac myofibril assembly + activation of cardiac myofibril development + activation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + biological_process + activation of heart myofibril assembly + positive regulation of heart myofibril assembly + up regulation of heart myofibril assembly + up-regulation of heart myofibril assembly + upregulation of heart myofibril assembly + GO:1905306 + positive regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly - + - Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16151019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. - - chorioretina - choroid and retina - retinachoroid - retinachoroidal region - uberon - UBERON:0019207 - - chorioretinal region - - - - The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. - - UBERON:drseb + + + positive regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac myofibril development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of heart myofibril assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - + - + - - DHBA:10654 - FMA:268630 - gray matter of the hindbrain - uberon - UBERON:0019263 - - gray matter of hindbrain + Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis. + rl + 2016-07-12T13:56:36Z + biological_process + GO:1905315 + cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis - - - gray matter of the hindbrain - DHBA:HGM + + + Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rl + GO_REF:0000060 + PMID:20652948 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - - DHBA:10649 - FMA:83913 - uberon - UBERON:0019267 - - gray matter of midbrain + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + bhm + 2016-07-22T07:13:49Z + regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905330 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 + + + + + regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - EMAPA:35952 - MA:0003174 - uberon - UBERON:0019304 - sensory organ epithelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + bhm + 2016-07-22T07:13:57Z + down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis + downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis + inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium + biological_process + GO:1905331 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 + + + + + down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. - integumental exocrine gland - integumental system exocrine gland - uberon - UBERON:0019319 - exocrine gland of integumental system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + bhm + 2016-07-22T07:14:05Z + positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis + upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + activation of epithelium morphogenesis + activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + biological_process + GO:1905332 + An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). + positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium - + - An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. - - GOC:dos + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25745997 - + - integumental exocrine gland - + positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - integumental system exocrine gland - + up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of epithelium morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - - + + - FMA:58315 - uberon - surface of region of wall of eyeball - UBERON:0022288 - surface of eyeball + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. + pr + 2016-08-04T14:49:43Z + cilial transition zone assembly + cilial transition zone formation + ciliary transition zone formation + cilium transition zone assembly + cilium transition zone formation + biological_process + GO:1905349 + ciliary transition zone assembly - - - surface of region of wall of eyeball - FMA:58315 + + + The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:cilia + GO_REF:0000079 + PMID:21725307 + PMID:23644468 + PMID:24448408 + PMID:26595381 + PMID:26982032 + + + + + cilial transition zone assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + cilial transition zone formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + ciliary transition zone formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + cilium transition zone assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + cilium transition zone formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - - NCIT:C33596 - uberon - UBERON:0022292 - splenic arteriole + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse. + dos + 2016-08-18T14:42:59Z + protein localisation in presynapse + protein localisation to presynapse + protein localization in presynapse + recruitment of presynaptic proteins + biological_process + GO:1905383 + protein localization to presynapse + + + + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:24449494 + + + + + protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + recruitment of presynaptic proteins + PMID:24449494 + - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. - uberon - genital fluid - genital secretion - reproductive system fluid - reproductive system fluid/secretion - reproductive system secretion - UBERON:0022293 - reproductive gland secretion + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + dos + 2016-08-18T14:56:00Z + regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + regulation of protein localization in presynapse + regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + biological_process + GO:1905384 + regulation of protein localization to presynapse - + - A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24449494 + + + + + regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. - this is currently used to group some cellular layers that may not strictly conform to the CARO definition of cell-part layer. Consider genericisizing and introducing subtypes for cellular layer, fibrous layer and cell soma layer - lamina - layer - NLX:149357 - uberon - UBERON:0022303 - - nervous system cell part layer + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + dos + 2016-08-18T14:56:08Z + down regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + down regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + down regulation of protein localization in presynapse + down regulation of protein localization to presynapse + down regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + down-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + down-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + down-regulation of protein localization in presynapse + down-regulation of protein localization to presynapse + down-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + downregulation of protein localisation in presynapse + downregulation of protein localisation to presynapse + downregulation of protein localization in presynapse + downregulation of protein localization to presynapse + downregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + negative regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + negative regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + negative regulation of protein localization in presynapse + negative regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + inhibition of protein localisation in presynapse + inhibition of protein localisation to presynapse + inhibition of protein localization in presynapse + inhibition of protein localization to presynapse + inhibition of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + biological_process + GO:1905385 + negative regulation of protein localization to presynapse - + - Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. - NLX:149357 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24449494 - - - lamina - CUMBO:CUMBO + + + down regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie - - - layer - CUMBO:CUMBO + + + down regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. - FMA:15860 - visceral wall of serous membrane - uberon - UBERON:0022350 - visceral serous membrane + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + dos + 2016-08-18T14:56:21Z + positive regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + positive regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + positive regulation of protein localization in presynapse + positive regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + up regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + up regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + up regulation of protein localization in presynapse + up regulation of protein localization to presynapse + up regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + up-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + up-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + up-regulation of protein localization in presynapse + up-regulation of protein localization to presynapse + up-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + upregulation of protein localisation in presynapse + upregulation of protein localisation to presynapse + upregulation of protein localization in presynapse + upregulation of protein localization to presynapse + upregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + activation of protein localisation in presynapse + activation of protein localisation to presynapse + activation of protein localization in presynapse + activation of protein localization to presynapse + activation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + biological_process + GO:1905386 + positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse - + - Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:24449494 - + - visceral wall of serous membrane - FMA:15860 + positive regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to presynapse + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - - - - + - - + - - - - - - - + - Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. - cavity lining - FMA:15859 - MA:0002448 - parietal wall of serous membrane - uberon - UBERON:0022351 - parietal serous membrane + Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. + dph + 2016-09-07T18:15:01Z + intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + biological_process + intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth + intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GO:1905427 + intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth - + - Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. - + Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:al + GOC:vw + GO_REF:0000060 + PMID:15917811 - - - cavity lining - MA:0002448 + + + intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie - + - parietal wall of serous membrane - FMA:15859 + intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - + + - A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. - - lung field - uberon - UBERON:0022361 - lung field + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + bf + 2016-09-14T10:56:47Z + biological_process + regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GO:1905432 + regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide - + - A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. - GOC:dph - GOC:mtg_lung + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19448629 + + + + + regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GOC:bf - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. - neurepithelium - AEO:0001008 - BTO:0000314 - EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 - FMA:64807 - embryonic neuroepithelium - neuroepithelium - uberon - UBERON:0034705 - developing neuroepithelium + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + bf + 2016-09-14T10:56:55Z + down regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + down-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + downregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + inhibition of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + biological_process + inhibition of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + negative regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GO:1905433 + negative regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide - + - An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. - AEO:0001008 - AEO:JB + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19448629 - - - neurepithelium - BTO:0000314 + + + down regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie - + - embryonic neuroepithelium - + down-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie - + - neuroepithelium - AEO:0001008 + downregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. - AEO:0001009 - uberon - UBERON:0034706 - proliferating neuroepithelium - - - - - AEO + + + inhibition of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie - - - An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. - AEO:0001009 + + + inhibition of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GOC:bf + + + + + negative regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GOC:bf - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. - AEO:0001010 - uberon - UBERON:0034707 - differentiating neuroepithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + bf + 2016-09-14T10:57:02Z + up regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + up-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + upregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + activation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + biological_process + positive regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GO:1905434 + positive regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide - - - - AEO + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bf + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:19448629 - - - A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. - AEO:0001010 + + + up regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling + GOC:bf - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - DHBA:12694 - EMAPA:32916 - marginal zone of hindbrain - uberon - MZH - UBERON:0034709 - hindbrain marginal layer + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + rz + 2016-09-16T12:32:18Z + biological_process + GO:1905453 + regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation - - - marginal zone of hindbrain - DHBA:12694 - - - - - MZH - DHBA:12694 - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27010503 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2:0001267 - EMAPA:17585 - spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer - uberon - UBERON:0034710 - spinal cord ventricular layer - - - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 - - - - - spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer - EHDAA2:0001267 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. - uberon - cranial nerve fiber bundle - cranial nerve fiber tract - cranial nerve or tract - neuron projection bundle from brain - UBERON:0034713 - cranial neuron projection bundle + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + rz + 2016-09-16T12:32:26Z + down regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + down-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + downregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + inhibition of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905454 + negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation - + - Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. - - ISBN:0471888893 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27010503 - - - cranial nerve fiber bundle - + + + down regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - cranial nerve fiber tract - + + + down-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - cranial nerve or tract - + + + downregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - - - neuron projection bundle from brain - + + + inhibition of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. - - - EMAPA:37957 - FMA:5866 - MESH:D017776 - nervus visceralis - visceral nerve - uberon - UBERON:0034728 - autonomic nerve + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + rz + 2016-09-16T12:32:33Z + up regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + up-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + upregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + activation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905455 + positive regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation - + - The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27010503 - - - EMAPA:37957 - MA:th + + + up regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - nervus visceralis - FMA:5866 + up-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - visceral nerve - FMA:5866 + upregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - EMAPA:37958 - uberon - UBERON:0034729 - - sympathetic nerve + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + rph + 2016-09-19T11:33:54Z + regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + regulation of VSMC apoptosis + regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1905459 + regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - - - EMAPA:37958 - MA:th + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26493107 - - - - - - - - FMA:79770 - NCIT:C41168 - uberon - UBERON:0034769 - lymphomyeloid tissue - - - - - FMA + + + regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. - FMA:84580 - gas in anatomical space - portion of gas in anatomical space - uberon - UBERON:0034873 - bodily gas + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + rph + 2016-09-19T11:34:03Z + down regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + downregulation of VSMC apoptotic process + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + down regulation of VSMC apoptosis + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + down-regulation of VSMC apoptosis + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + downregulation of VSMC apoptosis + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + inhibition of VSMC apoptosis + inhibition of VSMC apoptotic process + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + negative regulation of VSMC apoptosis + negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1905460 + negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - + - Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26493107 - + - portion of gas in anatomical space - FMA:84580 + down regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. - FMA:84581 - respiratory air - respiratory system air - uberon - UBERON:0034874 - air in respiratory system + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + rph + 2016-09-19T11:34:10Z + positive regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + up regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + upregulation of VSMC apoptotic process + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + activation of VSMC apoptosis + activation of VSMC apoptotic process + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + positive regulation of VSMC apoptosis + positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + up regulation of VSMC apoptosis + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + up-regulation of VSMC apoptosis + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + upregulation of VSMC apoptosis + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:1905461 + positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process - + - Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26493107 - + - respiratory air - FMA:84581 + positive regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of VSMC apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of VSMC apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. - prechordal mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0034878 - prechordal mesoderm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + bc + 2016-09-21T16:20:03Z + regulation of protein localisation in membrane + regulation of protein localization in membrane + biological_process + GO:1905475 + regulation of protein localization to membrane - + - The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. - MGI:anna + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26911690 + + + + + regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. - Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the trunk of pulmonary vein. - - FMA:7286 - VHOG:0001226 - endocardium of left atrium - left atrial endocardium - uberon - left atrium endocardial tissue - UBERON:0034903 - left atrium endocardium + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + bc + 2016-09-21T16:20:10Z + down regulation of protein localisation in membrane + down regulation of protein localization in membrane + down regulation of protein localization to membrane + down-regulation of protein localisation in membrane + down-regulation of protein localization in membrane + down-regulation of protein localization to membrane + downregulation of protein localisation in membrane + downregulation of protein localization in membrane + downregulation of protein localization to membrane + negative regulation of protein localisation in membrane + negative regulation of protein localization in membrane + inhibition of protein localisation in membrane + inhibition of protein localization in membrane + inhibition of protein localization to membrane + biological_process + GO:1905476 + negative regulation of protein localization to membrane - + - Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26911690 - - - Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the trunk of pulmonary vein. - FMA:7286 + + + down regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - endocardium of left atrium - FMA:7286 + down regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - left atrium endocardial tissue - VHOG:0001226 + + + down regulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lumen of gland - uberon - UBERON:0034905 - gland lumen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. - CARO:0020001 - uberon - anatomical cluster - UBERON:0034921 - multi organ part structure - - - - - CARO + + + down-regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. - CARO:0020001 + + + down-regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - anatomical cluster - CARO:0020001 + + + down-regulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. - CARO:0020002 - FMA:62807 - uberon - UBERON:0034922 - cell cluster - - - - - CARO + + + downregulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. - CARO:0020002 + + + downregulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. - resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected - uberon - UBERON:0034925 - anatomical collection - - - - A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. - + + + downregulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. - uberon - UBERON:0034929 - external soft tissue zone - - - - A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. - + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - - - - The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. - BTO:0001513 - biliary system epithelium - uberon - biliary epithelium - biliary tract epithelium - UBERON:0034932 - epithelium of biliary system + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + bc + 2016-09-21T16:20:18Z + positive regulation of protein localisation in membrane + positive regulation of protein localization in membrane + up regulation of protein localisation in membrane + up regulation of protein localization in membrane + up regulation of protein localization to membrane + up-regulation of protein localisation in membrane + up-regulation of protein localization in membrane + up-regulation of protein localization to membrane + upregulation of protein localisation in membrane + upregulation of protein localization in membrane + upregulation of protein localization to membrane + activation of protein localisation in membrane + activation of protein localization in membrane + activation of protein localization to membrane + biological_process + GO:1905477 + positive regulation of protein localization to membrane - + - The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. - - BTO:0001513 - MGI:cs + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26911690 - + - biliary system epithelium - + positive regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - biliary epithelium - BTO:0001513 + + + positive regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - biliary tract epithelium - + + + up regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. - uberon - UBERON:0034933 - layer of smooth muscle tissue - - - - Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. - + + + up regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - FMA:55268 - organ sector - organ zonal region - organ zone - uberon - organ region with floating fiat boundary - UBERON:0034944 - zone of organ - - + - organ sector - FMA:55268 + up regulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - organ zone - FMA:55268 + up-regulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie - - - organ region with floating fiat boundary - FMA:55268 + + + up-regulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in membrane + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to membrane + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any gaseous product of an excretory process. - uberon - UBERON:0034945 - excreted gas + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + hbye + 2016-09-23T14:11:52Z + up regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + up-regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + upregulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + activation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + biological_process + GO:1905492 + positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve - + - Any gaseous product of an excretory process. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:16516839 + + + + + up regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. - FMA:78440 - flatulence - flatus - intestinal gas - uberon - UBERON:0034946 - In mammals, mostly produced as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon, and excreted through the rectum - gas excreted from digestive tract + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. + pr + 2016-09-30T14:32:32Z + positive regulation of syngamy + up regulation of fertilization + up regulation of syngamy + up-regulation of fertilization + up-regulation of syngamy + upregulation of fertilization + upregulation of syngamy + activation of fertilization + activation of syngamy + biological_process + GO:1905516 + positive regulation of fertilization - + - Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:hbye + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27564576 - + + + positive regulation of syngamy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of fertilization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of syngamy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of fertilization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of syngamy + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of fertilization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of syngamy + GOC:TermGenie + + + - flatulence - FMA:78440 + activation of fertilization + GOC:TermGenie - + - flatus - - + activation of syngamy + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. - respiratory gas - respiratory system gas - uberon - UBERON:0034947 - gas in respiratory system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + nc + 2016-10-12T14:19:33Z + regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905553 + regulation of blood vessel branching - + - Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 + + + + + regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - - - - + + - - NCIT:C25787 - uberon - duct epithelium - ductal epithelium - UBERON:0034969 - epithelial layer of duct + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + nc + 2016-10-12T14:19:41Z + down regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + down regulation of patterning of blood vessels + down-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + down-regulation of patterning of blood vessels + downregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + downregulation of patterning of blood vessels + negative regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + inhibition of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + inhibition of patterning of blood vessels + biological_process + GO:1905554 + negative regulation of vessel branching + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 + + + + + down regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - EMAPA:32907 - EMAPA:35454 - uberon - UBERON:0034995 - jaw mesenchyme + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + nc + 2016-10-12T14:19:49Z + positive regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + up regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + up regulation of patterning of blood vessels + up-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + up-regulation of patterning of blood vessels + upregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + upregulation of patterning of blood vessels + activation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + activation of patterning of blood vessels + biological_process + GO:1905555 + positive regulation of blood vessel branching - + - Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 + + + + + positive regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of patterning of blood vessels + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - EMAPA:32904 - MA:0003220 - uberon - UBERON:0035037 - jaw epithelium + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + hbye + 2016-10-14T13:14:57Z + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + biological_process + GO:1905557 + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18765790 + + + + + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - hemorrhoidal artery - uberon - UBERON:0035039 - rectal artery + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + hbye + 2016-10-14T13:15:08Z + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + biological_process + GO:1905558 + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18765790 + + + + + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + - + - - - uberon - UBERON:0035050 - excretory duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + hbye + 2016-10-14T13:15:17Z + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + biological_process + GO:1905559 + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:18765790 + + + + + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A post-anal tail that attaches outside the tail. - uberon - UBERON:0035091 - extrinsic post-anal tail muscle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + nc + 2016-10-17T09:24:17Z + biological_process + GO:1905562 + regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation - + - A post-anal tail that attaches outside the tail. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. - Note that we treat any material entity that is ingested as an anatomical structure by defintion, although this may be expanding the CARO usage somewhat - digestive tract contents - uberon - ingested material entity - UBERON:0035118 - material entity in digestive tract + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + nc + 2016-10-17T09:24:26Z + down regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + down-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + downregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1905563 + negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation - + - Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 - + - digestive tract contents - + down regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. - - - FMA:61695 - NCIT:C29667 - surface of body - uberon - UBERON:0035159 - entire surface of organism + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + nc + 2016-10-17T09:24:35Z + up regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + up-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + upregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + activation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1905564 + positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation - + - Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. - FMA:61695 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_telomere + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:nc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23201774 - + - surface of body - FMA:61695 + up regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - - FMA:70505 - NCIT:C32552 - external carotid arterial subdivision - subdivision of external carotid artery - uberon - UBERON:0035398 - branch of external carotid artery + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + bc + 2016-10-27T16:08:13Z + regulation of presynapse biogenesis + regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + biological_process + GO:1905606 + + regulation of presynapse assembly + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25533483 + + + - external carotid arterial subdivision - FMA:70505 + regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - subdivision of external carotid artery - FMA:70505 + regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. - - - - FMA:4149 - NCIT:C32535 - aortic esophageal artery - oesophageal artery - uberon - UBERON:0035539 - - esophageal artery + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + bc + 2016-10-27T16:08:20Z + down regulation of presynapse assembly + down regulation of presynapse biogenesis + down regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + down-regulation of presynapse assembly + down-regulation of presynapse biogenesis + down-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + downregulation of presynapse assembly + downregulation of presynapse biogenesis + downregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + negative regulation of presynapse biogenesis + negative regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + inhibition of presynapse assembly + inhibition of presynapse biogenesis + inhibition of presynaptic terminal assembly + biological_process + GO:1905607 + negative regulation of presynapse assembly + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25533483 - - - Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. - ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Artery + + + down regulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - aortic esophageal artery - FMA:4149 + down regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - oesophageal artery - FMA:4149 + down regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - FMA:51797 - ciliary vein - uberon - UBERON:0035546 - uveal vein + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + bc + 2016-10-27T16:08:28Z + positive regulation of presynapse biogenesis + positive regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + up regulation of presynapse assembly + up regulation of presynapse biogenesis + up regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + up-regulation of presynapse assembly + up-regulation of presynapse biogenesis + up-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + upregulation of presynapse assembly + upregulation of presynapse biogenesis + upregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + activation of presynapse assembly + activation of presynapse biogenesis + activation of presynaptic terminal assembly + biological_process + GO:1905608 + positive regulation of presynapse assembly - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25533483 + + + - ciliary vein - FMA:51797 + positive regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of presynapse assembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of presynapse biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of presynaptic terminal assembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - uberon - UBERON:0035548 - colic artery + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + pad + 2016-10-31T14:26:20Z + regulation of serotonin anabolism + regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + regulation of serotonin formation + regulation of serotonin synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905627 + regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25642596 + + + + + regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. - - FMA:225275 - superficial part of circulatory system - superficial vasculature - dermis vasculature - hypodermis vasculature - uberon - skin vasculature - subcutaneous vasculature - vasculature of skin - UBERON:0035549 - - vasculature of integument + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + pad + 2016-10-31T14:26:28Z + down regulation of serotonin anabolism + down regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + down regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + down regulation of serotonin formation + down regulation of serotonin synthesis + down-regulation of serotonin anabolism + down-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + down-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + down-regulation of serotonin formation + down-regulation of serotonin synthesis + downregulation of serotonin anabolism + downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis + downregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + downregulation of serotonin formation + downregulation of serotonin synthesis + negative regulation of serotonin anabolism + negative regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + negative regulation of serotonin formation + negative regulation of serotonin synthesis + inhibition of serotonin anabolism + inhibition of serotonin biosynthesis + inhibition of serotonin biosynthetic process + inhibition of serotonin formation + inhibition of serotonin synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905628 + negative regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process - + - The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25642596 - - - vasculature of skin - FMA:225275 + + + down regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. - - - - FMA:76719 - NCIT:C33666 - uberon - superfical vein - superficial veins - superficial vessels - UBERON:0035550 - superficial vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + pad + 2016-10-31T14:26:36Z + positive regulation of serotonin anabolism + positive regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + positive regulation of serotonin formation + positive regulation of serotonin synthesis + up regulation of serotonin anabolism + up regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + up regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + up regulation of serotonin formation + up regulation of serotonin synthesis + up-regulation of serotonin anabolism + up-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + up-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + up-regulation of serotonin formation + up-regulation of serotonin synthesis + upregulation of serotonin anabolism + upregulation of serotonin biosynthesis + upregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + upregulation of serotonin formation + upregulation of serotonin synthesis + activation of serotonin anabolism + activation of serotonin biosynthesis + activation of serotonin biosynthetic process + activation of serotonin formation + activation of serotonin synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905629 + positive regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process - + - Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. - ncithesaurus:Superficial_Vein + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. + GOC:PARL + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:pad + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25642596 - - - superfical vein - + + + positive regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie - - - superficial veins - + + + positive regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - superficial vessels - + + + positive regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of serotonin anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of serotonin biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of serotonin biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of serotonin formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of serotonin synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. - deep part of circulatory system - uberon - UBERON:0035551 - deep vasculature + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + pga + 2016-11-01T16:33:52Z + regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:1905634 + regulation of protein localization to chromatin - + - The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20889714 + + + + + regulation of protein localisation to chromatin + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. - - - - FMA:76718 - NCIT:C32444 - uberon - deep veins - deep vessels - UBERON:0035552 - deep vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + rph + 2016-11-09T12:19:37Z + regulation of arterial morphogenesis + regulation of arteriogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905651 + regulation of artery morphogenesis - + - A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. - ncithesaurus:Deep_Vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27389411 - - - deep veins - + + + regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - deep vessels - + + + regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any chamber of the left side of the heart. - - FMA:7166 - uberon - UBERON:0035553 - left cardiac chamber + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + rph + 2016-11-09T12:19:53Z + down regulation of arterial morphogenesis + down regulation of arteriogenesis + down regulation of artery morphogenesis + down-regulation of arterial morphogenesis + down-regulation of arteriogenesis + down-regulation of artery morphogenesis + downregulation of arterial morphogenesis + downregulation of arteriogenesis + downregulation of artery morphogenesis + negative regulation of arterial morphogenesis + negative regulation of arteriogenesis + inhibition of arterial morphogenesis + inhibition of arteriogenesis + inhibition of artery morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905652 + negative regulation of artery morphogenesis - + - Any chamber of the left side of the heart. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27389411 + + + + + down regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Any chamber of the right side of the heart. - - FMA:7165 - uberon - UBERON:0035554 - right cardiac chamber + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + rph + 2016-11-09T12:20:01Z + positive regulation of arterial morphogenesis + positive regulation of arteriogenesis + up regulation of arterial morphogenesis + up regulation of arteriogenesis + up regulation of artery morphogenesis + up-regulation of arterial morphogenesis + up-regulation of arteriogenesis + up-regulation of artery morphogenesis + upregulation of arterial morphogenesis + upregulation of arteriogenesis + upregulation of artery morphogenesis + activation of arterial morphogenesis + activation of arteriogenesis + activation of artery morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905653 + positive regulation of artery morphogenesis - + - Any chamber of the right side of the heart. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27389411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. - - - - FMA:76554 - NCIT:C32574 - adnexa oculi - uberon - accessory parts of orbital region - accessory visual structures - accessory visual structures set - adnexal parts of orbital region - appendage of eye - appendages of the eye - eye adnexa - set of accessory visual structures - structurae oculi accessoriae - UBERON:0035639 - ocular adnexa - - - - The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. - - - HPO:pr - UBERON:cjm + + + positive regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - adnexa oculi - - + positive regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - accessory visual structures - + + + up regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - accessory visual structures - FMA:76554 + + + up regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - accessory visual structures set - FMA:76554 + + + up regulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - appendage of eye - + + + up-regulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - appendages of the eye - - + + + up-regulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - set of accessory visual structures - FMA:76554 + + + up-regulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - - - structurae oculi accessoriae - - + + + upregulation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of arterial morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of arteriogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of artery morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0004181 - FMA:9464 - cardiac chamber cavity - heart cavity - heart lumen - uberon - UBERON:0035763 - cavity of cardiac chamber + The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components. + pr + 2016-11-14T13:38:57Z + cell nucleus disassembly + biological_process + GO:1905690 + nucleus disassembly - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - cardiac chamber cavity - FMA:9464 - - - - - heart cavity - FMA:9464 + + + The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:autophagy + GOC:pr + GO_REF:0000079 - + - heart lumen - EHDAA2:0004181 + cell nucleus disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - FMA:223208 - NCIT:C12930 - uberon - UBERON:0035767 - - intrapulmonary bronchus - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - The primordial mouth region of the developing head. - FMA:293105 - primitive mouth - primordial mouth - uberon - UBERON:0035804 - future mouth + Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm. + mah + 2016-11-24T16:52:02Z + microtubule bundle of cytoplasm + microtubule fascicle of cytoplasm + cellular_component + GO:1905720 + cytoplasmic microtubule bundle - + - The primordial mouth region of the developing head. - MP:0003119 + Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000064 + PMID:11007487 + PMID:26124291 - + - primitive mouth - FMA:293105 + microtubule bundle of cytoplasm + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + microtubule fascicle of cytoplasm + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. - FMA:15028 - muscularis externa of sigmoid colon - muscularis propria of sigmoid colon - sigmoid colon muscularis propria - uberon - sigmoideum muscularis - tunica muscularis colon sigmoideum - UBERON:0035805 - muscle layer of sigmoid colon + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule. + mah + 2016-12-12T15:31:07Z + protein localisation to cytoplasmic microtubule + biological_process + GO:1905755 + protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule - + - A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. - + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000087 + PMID:15177031 - + - muscularis externa of sigmoid colon - FMA:15028 + protein localisation to cytoplasmic microtubule + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - FMA:12241 - uberon - UBERON:0035809 - serous cavity + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-12-21T12:44:13Z + regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905770 + regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23765923 + + + + + regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. - - ZFA:0005765 - uberon - UBERON:0035814 - pericardial fat + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-12-21T12:44:23Z + down regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + down regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + down-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + down-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + downregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + downregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + negative regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + inhibition of mesoderm cell differentiation + inhibition of mesodermal cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905771 + negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation - + - The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23765923 + + + + + down regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - + + - - - - - - - - + + - Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . - intrathoracic fat - uberon - UBERON:0035815 - paracardial fat + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + rph + 2016-12-21T12:44:32Z + positive regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + up regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + up regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + up-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + up-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + upregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + upregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + activation of mesoderm cell differentiation + activation of mesodermal cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:1905772 + positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation - + - Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23765923 - + - intrathoracic fat - + positive regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mesoderm cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mesodermal cell differentiation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. - uberon - UBERON:0035818 - visceral fat + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + tb + 2017-01-11T22:03:15Z + regulation of synapse clearance + regulation of synapse disassembly + regulation of synapse elimination + regulation of synapse removal + biological_process + GO:1905806 + + regulation of synapse pruning - + - Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27779093 + + + + + regulation of synapse disassembly + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. - - FMA:12267 - cavitas abdominis et pelvis - uberon - UBERON:0035819 - abdominopelvic cavity + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + tb + 2017-01-11T22:03:24Z + regulation of synapse clearance + regulation of synapse disassembly + regulation of synapse elimination + regulation of synapse removal + down regulation of synapse disassembly + down-regulation of synapse disassembly + downregulation of synapse disassembly + inhibition of synapse disassembly + biological_process + GO:1905807 + negative regulation of synapse pruning - + - The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27779093 - + - cavitas abdominis et pelvis - FMA:TA - + down regulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. - EMAPA:16137 - FMA:9908 - MA:0000054 - uberon - peritoneal component - UBERON:0035820 - peritoneal sac - - - - A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. - + + + down-regulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - peritoneal component - EMAPA:16137 + + + downregulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The domain of the diaphragm that is a thin domed sheet of muscle composed of a radial array of myofibers extending laterally from the ribs and medially to a central tendon. - - FMA:58277 - costal part of diaphragm - pars costalis diaphragmatis - uberon - UBERON:0035831 - costal diaphragm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + tb + 2017-01-11T22:03:33Z + regulation of synapse clearance + regulation of synapse disassembly + regulation of synapse elimination + regulation of synapse removal + up regulation of synapse disassembly + up-regulation of synapse disassembly + upregulation of synapse disassembly + activation of synapse disassembly + biological_process + GO:1905808 + positive regulation of synapse pruning - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27779093 - - - - - - - - - + + + up regulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - The domain of the diaphragm that is a thin domed sheet of muscle composed of a radial array of myofibers extending laterally from the ribs and medially to a central tendon. - + + + up-regulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - costal part of diaphragm - FMA:58277 + upregulation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - - - pars costalis diaphragmatis - FMA:TA - + + + activation of synapse disassembly + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - BTO:0004378 - EMAPA:37987 - FMA:67473 - blood vessel wall - uberon - vascular wall - UBERON:0035965 - wall of blood vessel - + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization. + tb + 2017-01-11T22:03:41Z + down regulation of synapse development + down regulation of synapse organisation + down regulation of synapse organization + down-regulation of synapse development + down-regulation of synapse organisation + down-regulation of synapse organization + downregulation of synapse development + downregulation of synapse organisation + downregulation of synapse organization + negative regulation of synapse development + negative regulation of synapse organisation + inhibition of synapse development + inhibition of synapse organisation + inhibition of synapse organization + biological_process + down regulation of synapse morphogenesis + down regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + down-regulation of synapse morphogenesis + down-regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + downregulation of synapse morphogenesis + downregulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + inhibition of synapse morphogenesis + inhibition of synapse organization and biogenesis + negative regulation of synapse morphogenesis + negative regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GO:1905809 + negative regulation of synapse organization + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27779093 + - - - EMAPA:37987 - MA:th + + + down regulation of synapse development + GOC:TermGenie - + - blood vessel wall - FMA:67473 + down regulation of synapse organisation + GOC:TermGenie - + + + down regulation of synapse organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of synapse development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of synapse organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of synapse organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of synapse development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of synapse organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of synapse organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of synapse development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of synapse organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse organisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse organization + GOC:TermGenie + + + - vascular wall - BTO:0004378 + down regulation of synapse morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of synapse morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of synapse morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of synapse morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0004070 - uberon - UBERON:0036072 - respiratory primordium epithelium + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. + bhm + 2017-01-13T14:13:44Z + positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + up regulation of chromosome condensation + up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + up-regulation of chromosome condensation + up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + upregulation of chromosome condensation + upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + activation of chromosome condensation + activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + activation of nuclear chromosome condensation + biological_process + GO:1905821 + positive regulation of chromosome condensation - - - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17268547 + + + + + positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of nuclear chromosome condensation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - EHDAA2:0004071 - respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme - uberon - UBERON:0036073 - respiratory primordium mesenchyme + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation. + hbye + 2017-01-17T12:00:56Z + down regulation of microtubule nucleation + down-regulation of microtubule nucleation + downregulation of microtubule nucleation + inhibition of microtubule nucleation + biological_process + GO:1905833 + negative regulation of microtubule nucleation + + + + - + - - - - - - - EHDAA2 + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:27689799 + + + - respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme - EHDAA2:0004071 + down regulation of microtubule nucleation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of microtubule nucleation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of microtubule nucleation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of microtubule nucleation + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. - uberon - UBERON:0036146 - cardiopharyngeal field + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + sl + 2017-01-27T19:34:55Z + regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + biological_process + GO:1905871 + regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge - + - An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26324884 + + + + + regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - FMA:83520 - uberon - UBERON:0036186 - fibroelastic connective tissue + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + sl + 2017-01-27T19:35:04Z + down regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + down regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + down regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + down regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + down-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + down-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + down-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + down-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + downregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + downregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + downregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + downregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + negative regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + negative regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + negative regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + inhibition of protein localisation in cell leading edge + inhibition of protein localisation to cell leading edge + inhibition of protein localization in cell leading edge + inhibition of protein localization to cell leading edge + biological_process + GO:1905872 + negative regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26324884 + + + + + down regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. - - NCIT:C54188 - uberon - rectosigmoid region - UBERON:0036214 - rectosigmoid junction + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + sl + 2017-01-27T19:35:13Z + positive regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + positive regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + positive regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + up regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + up regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + up regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + up regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + up-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + up-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + up-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + up-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + upregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + upregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + upregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + upregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + activation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + activation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + activation of protein localization in cell leading edge + activation of protein localization to cell leading edge + biological_process + GO:1905873 + positive regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge - + - An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. - - - NCIT:C54188 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26324884 - - - rectosigmoid region - NCIT:C54188 + + + positive regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. - AAO:0010270 - AEO:0000154 - ZFA:0005594 - uberon - UBERON:0036215 - anatomical surface region - - - - Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. - + + + positive regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localisation to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization in cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of protein localization to cell leading edge + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. - he coelomic fluid serves several functions; it acts as a hydroskeleton, it allows free movement and growth of internal organs, it serves for transport of gases, nutrients and waste products between different parts of the body, it allows storage of sperm and eggs during maturation and it acts as a reservoir for waste [Wikipedia:Coelom#Coelomic_fluid] - BTO:0001708 - uberon - UBERON:0036217 - coelomic fluid + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + hbye + 2017-01-31T09:31:05Z + regulation of ovum development + biological_process + GO:1905879 + regulation of oogenesis + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26434723 + + + + + regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - - - - Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. - uberon - UBERON:0036225 - respiratory system gland + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + hbye + 2017-01-31T09:31:15Z + down regulation of oogenesis + down regulation of ovum development + down-regulation of oogenesis + down-regulation of ovum development + downregulation of oogenesis + downregulation of ovum development + negative regulation of ovum development + inhibition of oogenesis + inhibition of ovum development + biological_process + GO:1905880 + negative regulation of oogenesis + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26434723 + + + + + down regulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. - - - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0036242 - post-embryonic notochord + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + hbye + 2017-01-31T09:31:23Z + positive regulation of ovum development + up regulation of oogenesis + up regulation of ovum development + up-regulation of oogenesis + up-regulation of ovum development + upregulation of oogenesis + upregulation of ovum development + activation of oogenesis + activation of ovum development + biological_process + GO:1905881 + positive regulation of oogenesis + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. - UBERON:cjm + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:26434723 + + + + + positive regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of oogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of ovum development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - A transudate found in the serous sac. - serous fluid - FMA:20932 - serous sac fluid - uberon - UBERON:0036244 - secretion of serous membrane + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + bhm + 2017-02-01T14:31:16Z + biological_process + GO:1905899 + regulation of smooth muscle tissue development - + - A transudate found in the serous sac. - FMA:20932 - - - - - serous fluid - FMA:20932 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:14709716 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - FMA:53133 - cranial orifice - skull orifice - uberon - UBERON:0036253 - orifice of skull + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + bhm + 2017-02-01T14:31:24Z + down regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + down-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + downregulation of smooth muscle tissue development + inhibition of smooth muscle tissue development + biological_process + GO:1905900 + negative regulation of smooth muscle tissue development - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:14709716 + + + - cranial orifice - FMA:53133 + down regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - skull orifice - FMA:53133 + down-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. - - - FMA:52972 - ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) - ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici - zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve - uberon - zygomaticotemporal - zygomaticotemporal branch - UBERON:0036264 - zygomaticotemporal nerve + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + bhm + 2017-02-01T14:31:33Z + up regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + up-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + upregulation of smooth muscle tissue development + activation of smooth muscle tissue development + biological_process + GO:1905901 + positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development - + - The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:bhm + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:14709716 - + - ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) - FMA:52972 + up regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici - FMA:TA - + up-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve - FMA:52972 - - - - - zygomaticotemporal - + upregulation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - - - zygomaticotemporal branch - + + + activation of smooth muscle tissue development + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - - uberon - UBERON:0036268 - pelvic vein + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + rph + 2017-02-03T12:28:20Z + biological_process + GO:1905902 + regulation of mesoderm formation + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23939491 + - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. - FMA:9556 - left ventricular wall - uberon - UBERON:0036285 - wall of left ventricle + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + rph + 2017-02-03T12:28:29Z + down regulation of mesoderm formation + down-regulation of mesoderm formation + downregulation of mesoderm formation + inhibition of mesoderm formation + biological_process + GO:1905903 + negative regulation of mesoderm formation + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23939491 - - - Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. - FMA:9556 + + + down regulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - left ventricular wall - FMA:9556 + down-regulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. - FMA:9533 - right ventricular wall - uberon - UBERON:0036286 - wall of right ventricle + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + rph + 2017-02-03T12:28:38Z + up regulation of mesoderm formation + up-regulation of mesoderm formation + upregulation of mesoderm formation + activation of mesoderm formation + biological_process + GO:1905904 + positive regulation of mesoderm formation + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:23939491 - - - Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. - FMA:9533 + + + up regulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - right ventricular wall - FMA:9533 + up-regulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of mesoderm formation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + - FMA:9560 - uberon - UBERON:0036288 - anterior wall of left ventricle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + bc + 2017-02-08T13:08:30Z + regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + regulation of acetylcholine formation + regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905921 + regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20164328 + + + + + regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. - FMA:9553 - uberon - UBERON:0036289 - anterior wall of right ventricle + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + bc + 2017-02-08T13:08:39Z + down regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + down regulation of acetylcholine formation + down regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + down-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + down-regulation of acetylcholine formation + down-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + downregulation of acetylcholine anabolism + downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + downregulation of acetylcholine formation + downregulation of acetylcholine synthesis + negative regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + negative regulation of acetylcholine formation + negative regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + inhibition of acetylcholine anabolism + inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthesis + inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + inhibition of acetylcholine formation + inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905922 + negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process - + - Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. - FMA:9553 + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20164328 + + + + + down regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - FMA:87177 - uberon - UBERON:0036290 - myocardium of anterior wall of left ventricle + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + bc + 2017-02-08T13:08:48Z + positive regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + positive regulation of acetylcholine formation + positive regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + up regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + up regulation of acetylcholine formation + up regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + up-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + up-regulation of acetylcholine formation + up-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + upregulation of acetylcholine anabolism + upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + upregulation of acetylcholine formation + upregulation of acetylcholine synthesis + activation of acetylcholine anabolism + activation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + activation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + activation of acetylcholine formation + activation of acetylcholine synthesis + biological_process + GO:1905923 + positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process. + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:aruk + GOC:bc + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:20164328 + + + + + positive regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + positive regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acetylcholine anabolism + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acetylcholine biosynthesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acetylcholine formation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of acetylcholine synthesis + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - + + - FMA:260877 - uberon - UBERON:0036291 - myocardium of anterior wall of right ventricle + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + hbye + 2017-02-09T14:51:31Z + biological_process + GO:1905936 + regulation of germ cell proliferation + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 + - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + + - - + + - A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. - NCIT:C12226 - labial mucosa - uberon - UBERON:0036294 - mucosa of lip + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + hbye + 2017-02-09T14:51:41Z + down regulation of germ cell proliferation + down-regulation of germ cell proliferation + downregulation of germ cell proliferation + inhibition of germ cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1905937 + negative regulation of germ cell proliferation + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. - OBOL:automatic + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 - + - labial mucosa - UBERON:cjm + down regulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + + + - - + + - - FMA:225251 - uberon - UBERON:0036301 - vasculature of spleen + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + hbye + 2017-02-09T14:51:51Z + up regulation of germ cell proliferation + up-regulation of germ cell proliferation + upregulation of germ cell proliferation + activation of germ cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1905938 + positive regulation of germ cell proliferation + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 + + + + + up regulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of germ cell proliferation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - - - - - uberon - UBERON:0036302 - vasculature of central nervous system plus retina - - - - - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - FMA:259905 - uberon - UBERON:0036303 - vasculature of central nervous system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + hbye + 2017-02-09T17:01:50Z + regulation of gonadogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905939 + regulation of gonad development + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 + + + + + regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + + - - - - - FMA:14657 - gallbladder wall - uberon - UBERON:0036343 - wall of gallbladder + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + hbye + 2017-02-09T17:01:59Z + down regulation of gonad development + down regulation of gonadogenesis + down-regulation of gonad development + down-regulation of gonadogenesis + downregulation of gonad development + downregulation of gonadogenesis + negative regulation of gonadogenesis + inhibition of gonad development + inhibition of gonadogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905940 + negative regulation of gonad development + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 - + - gallbladder wall - FMA:14657 + down regulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + + + + - - - - - FMA:15089 - brachiocephalic arterial wall - uberon - UBERON:0036351 - wall of brachiocephalic artery + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + hbye + 2017-02-09T17:02:08Z + positive regulation of gonadogenesis + up regulation of gonad development + up regulation of gonadogenesis + up-regulation of gonad development + up-regulation of gonadogenesis + upregulation of gonad development + upregulation of gonadogenesis + activation of gonad development + activation of gonadogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905941 + positive regulation of gonad development + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:15342467 + - + - brachiocephalic arterial wall - FMA:15089 + positive regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of gonad development + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of gonadogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - FMA:15090 - subclavian arterial wall - uberon - UBERON:0036352 - wall of subclavian artery + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + rz + 2017-02-21T12:12:22Z + regulation of lipid localisation + biological_process + GO:1905952 + regulation of lipid localization - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17564681 - + - subclavian arterial wall - FMA:15090 + regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - FMA:15704 - anal canal wall - uberon - UBERON:0036362 - wall of anal canal + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + rz + 2017-02-21T12:12:41Z + down regulation of lipid localisation + down regulation of lipid localization + down-regulation of lipid localisation + down-regulation of lipid localization + downregulation of lipid localisation + downregulation of lipid localization + negative regulation of lipid localisation + inhibition of lipid localisation + inhibition of lipid localization + biological_process + GO:1905953 + negative regulation of lipid localization - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17564681 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + down regulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - anal canal wall - FMA:15704 + down-regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + negative regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - FMA:18211 - pulmonary arterial wall - uberon - UBERON:0036422 - - wall of pulmonary artery + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + rz + 2017-02-21T12:12:49Z + positive regulation of lipid localisation + up regulation of lipid localisation + up regulation of lipid localization + up-regulation of lipid localisation + up-regulation of lipid localization + upregulation of lipid localisation + upregulation of lipid localization + activation of lipid localisation + activation of lipid localization + biological_process + GO:1905954 + positive regulation of lipid localization - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. + GOC:TermGenie + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:17564681 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + positive regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie - + - pulmonary arterial wall - FMA:18211 + up regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up regulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of lipid localisation + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of lipid localization + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - FMA:231590 - uberon - UBERON:0036553 - wall of synovial tendon sheath + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + rph + 2017-02-21T15:17:31Z + down regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + down-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + downregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + inhibition of endothelial tube morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905955 + negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25961718 + + + + + down regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + down-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + downregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + inhibition of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + - FMA:58098 - eyeball wall - uberon - UBERON:0036925 - wall of eyeball + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + rph + 2017-02-21T15:17:39Z + up regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + up-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + upregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + activation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:1905956 + positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + + + + - + - - FMA + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + GOC:BHF_miRNA + GOC:TermGenie + GOC:rph + GO_REF:0000058 + PMID:25961718 - + - eyeball wall - FMA:58098 + up regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + up-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + upregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + activation of endothelial tube morphogenesis + GOC:TermGenie - + - + - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - FMA:63144 - orbit wall - uberon - UBERON:0037089 - wall of orbit + Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell. + pr + 2012-12-12T10:15:08Z + GO:0046674 + biological_process + induction of retinal programmed cell death + GO:1990009 + retinal cell apoptotic process - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - orbit wall - FMA:63144 + + + Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:15558487 + PMID:24664675 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - FMA:66284 - common carotid arterial wall - uberon - UBERON:0037094 - wall of common carotid artery + Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell. + pr + 2012-12-12T10:21:07Z + biological_process + GO:1990010 + compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - common carotid arterial wall - FMA:66284 + + + Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + PMID:12021768 - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + - Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. - FMA:7274 - cardiac wall - uberon - UBERON:0037144 - wall of heart - - - - - - FMA - - - - - + - - + + - - FMA - + + The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. + + hjd + 2013-09-04T21:08:14Z + exosomal secretory pathway + extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + multi-vesicular body fusion with plasma membrane + secretion of exosome + exosomal protein secretion + biological_process + GO:1990182 + exosomal secretion + - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. + GOC:hjd + PMID:10572093 + PMID:12154376 + PMID:16773132 + PMID:18617898 - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + exosomal secretory pathway + PMID:18617898 - - - Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. - FMA:7274 + + + extracellular vesicular exosome secretion + GOC:hjd - + - cardiac wall - FMA:7274 + secretion of exosome + PMID:18617898 + + + + + exosomal protein secretion + PMID:18617898 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. - FMA:14835 - cholecystic artery - uberon - UBERON:0039222 - cystic artery + A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). + bhm + 2013-11-12T13:20:12Z + cellular_component + GO:1990234 + transferase complex - - - - - - - - - FMA - Wikipedia - - - + - An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. - - - - - - - cholecystic artery - FMA:14835 + A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). + GOC:bhm + PMID:16540464 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - FMA:15395 - uberon - UBERON:0039228 - sigmoid vein + A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + mah + 2014-01-30T15:55:34Z + RNA localisation to chromatin + biological_process + GO:1990280 + RNA localization to chromatin - - - - - - - - - FMA + + + A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. + GOC:dos + GOC:mah + PMID:22582262 - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - FMA:70471 - uberon - UBERON:0039261 - pancreatic artery + A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + bhm + 2014-03-26T14:23:27Z + cellular_component + GO:1990351 + An example of this is GTR1 in human (UniProt symbol P11166) in PMID:15449578 (inferred from direct assay). + transporter complex + + + + A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. + GOC:bhm + PMID:15449578 + - + - + - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. - FMA:14342 - uberon - UBERON:0039856 - right ovarian vein + Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis. + kmv + 2014-09-30T20:35:11Z + dense core vesicle maturation + biological_process + GO:1990502 + dense core granule maturation - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - + - Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. - FMA:14342 + Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis. + GOC:kmv + PMID:22654674 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. - FMA:14347 - uberon - UBERON:0039857 - left ovarian vein + The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. + 2015-03-16T23:23:50Z + hepatoblast proliferation + biological_process + GO:1990705 + cholangiocyte proliferation - - - - FMA - - - + - Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. - FMA:14347 + The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. + PMID:24434010 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - + - A zone of skin that is part of the face. - - - - 2012-02-05T05:23:01Z - - - EMAPA:36657 - FMA:24758 - NCIT:C33561 - UMLS:C0222084 - face skin - uberon - facial skin - UBERON:1000021 - - - skin of face + + + + + + + Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. + vw + 2015-05-18T16:17:46Z + biological_process + GO:1990748 + cellular detoxification - + - A zone of skin that is part of the face. - - UBERON:EJS - - - - - UMLS:C0222084 - ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Face - - - - - face skin - EMAPA:36657 - FMA:24758 + Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. + GOC:vw - + - + - + - - + + - - + - + - A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. - FMA:16029 - splenic parenchyma - uberon - UBERON:1000024 - parenchyma of spleen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum. + sl + 2015-06-10T18:29:21Z + biological_process + GO:1990765 + colon smooth muscle contraction - + - A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. - OBOL:automatic - - - - - splenic parenchyma - FMA:16029 + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum. + PMID:24170253 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. - - 2021-02-05T11:19:31Z - uberon - UBERON:1100000 - digestive tract junction + The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products. + sl + 2015-06-10T20:11:09Z + stomach mucosal blood circulation + biological_process + GO:1990768 + gastric mucosal blood circulation - + - An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. - - - - - - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - ZFA:0001073 - uberon - UBERON:2001073 - axial vasculature - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products. + PMID:10807413 - + - + - + - - + + - + - + - Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - ZFA:0001457 - uberon - UBERON:2001457 - postcranial axial cartilage - - - - - Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - - - - - - - - - - - Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. - the ZFA class from which this was derived is not explicitly classified as a capillary - need to verify for taxon histology differences - Blood vessel endothelium that has pores that allow passage small molecules and proteins[ZFA]. - fenestrated blood vessel endothelium - - - FMA:63196 - NCIT:C32595 - TAO:0005260 - UMLS:C1179615 - ZFA:0005260 - fenestrated capillary vessel - uberon - UBERON:2005260 - fenestrated capillary - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. - - - - - - - fenestrated blood vessel endothelium - ZFA:0005260 - - - - - UMLS:C1179615 - ncithesaurus:Fenestrated_Capillary - - - - - fenestrated capillary vessel - FMA:63196 - - - - - - - - - Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - ZFA:0007013 - uberon - UBERON:2007013 - preplacodal ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine. + sl + 2015-06-11T18:02:33Z + biological_process + GO:1990770 + small intestine smooth muscle contraction - + - Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. - ZFIN:curator - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine. + PMID:11991626 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - uberon - UBERON:3000961 - Not clear how this differs from parent class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 - external integument structure + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery. + 2015-06-18T22:37:39Z + biological_process + GO:1990778 + protein localization to cell periphery - + - Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. - AAO:EJS - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery. + PMID:18216290 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - uberon - UBERON:3000972 - head external integument structure + Any process in which the vacuole is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22182 + mcc + 2015-09-10T08:16:02Z + maintenance of vacuolar localization + maintenance of vacuole localization + maintenance of vacuole location + maintenance of vacuolar location + biological_process + GO:1990849 + vacuolar localization - + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. - AAO:EJS - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + Any process in which the vacuole is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. + PMID:26283797 - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - uberon - UBERON:3000977 - body external integument structure + The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). + sl + 2015-09-25T14:26:09Z + acinic cell proliferation + acinous cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1990863 + acinar cell proliferation - + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. - AAO:EJS - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). + PMID:9788538 - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the tail integument. - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - uberon - UBERON:3000982 - tail external integument structure + The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. + sl + 2015-09-29T16:34:59Z + VSMC proliferation + vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation + biological_process + GO:1990874 + vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation - + - Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the tail integument. - AAO:EJS + The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. + PMID:23246467 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules. + pr + 2015-11-19T12:26:37Z + GO:0030529 + GO:1990903 + Wikipedia:Ribonucleoprotein + RNA-protein complex + RNP + protein-RNA complex + extracellular ribonucleoprotein complex + intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex + cellular_component + GO:1990904 + + ribonucleoprotein complex + - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + + + A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules. + GOC:krc + GOC:vesicles - + - + - - - - - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + - Blood vessels in respiratory skin. - Modified from the original AAO source - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - uberon - UBERON:3010200 - vasculature of respiratory integument + + + + + + + The cytoplasm of an ovum. + + sl + 2015-12-10T21:40:16Z + cellular_component + GO:1990917 + ooplasm - + - Blood vessels in respiratory skin. - AAO:EJS - - - - - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon - + The cytoplasm of an ovum. + PMID:19022436 - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. - bone surface - uberon - UBERON:4200230 - surface of bone + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. + tb + 2010-08-05T11:25:59Z + biological_process + GO:2000026 + regulation of multicellular organismal development - + - An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. - PHENOSCAPE + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - FBbt:00000004 - uberon - UBERON:6000004 - panarthropod head + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + tb + 2010-08-05T11:26:27Z + biological_process + regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis + GO:2000027 + regulation of animal organ morphogenesis + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis + GOC:obol + - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Any head that is part of some larva. - FBbt:00001730 - uberon - UBERON:6001730 - insect larval head + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. + tb + 2010-08-05T11:34:53Z + regulation of stem cell renewal + biological_process + GO:2000035 + regulation of stem cell division - + - Any head that is part of some larva. - FBC:auto_generated_definition + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of stem cell renewal + GOC:obol - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - + - - + + - Any sense organ that is part of some larva. - FBbt:00002639 - larval sense organ - uberon - UBERON:6002639 - insect larval sense organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + tb + 2010-08-27T11:19:37Z + regulation of pancreatic B cell development + regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + biological_process + GO:2000074 + regulation of type B pancreatic cell development - + - Any sense organ that is part of some larva. - FBC:auto_generated_definition + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + regulation of pancreatic B cell development + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - + + + - - + + - Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727). - FBbt:00007240 - larval sensillum - uberon - UBERON:6007240 - insect embryonic/larval sensillum + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + tb + 2010-08-27T11:21:17Z + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell development + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + biological_process + GO:2000077 + negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727). - FBC:auto_generated_definition + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell development + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + + + - - + + - Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). - FBbt:00007242 - larval head sensillum - uberon - UBERON:6007242 - insect embryonic/larval head sensillum + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + tb + 2010-08-27T11:21:19Z + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell development + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + biological_process + GO:2000078 + positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development + + + + + + + + - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). - FBC:auto_generated_definition + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell development + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell development + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - Any sense organ (UBERON:6005155) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). - FBbt:00007280 - larval head sense organ - uberon - UBERON:6007280 - insect embryonic/larval head sense organ + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + mah + 2010-09-15T01:42:05Z + regulation of leukocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000106 + regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process - + - Any sense organ (UBERON:6005155) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). - FBC:auto_generated_definition + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Left part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. - - uberon - UBERON:8000006 - left side of back + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + mah + 2010-09-15T01:42:09Z + negative regulation of leukocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000107 + negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process - + - Left part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - Right part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. - - uberon - UBERON:8000007 - right side of back + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + mah + 2010-09-15T01:42:12Z + positive regulation of leukocyte apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000108 + positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process - + - Right part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. - - serosa of liver - tunica serosa hepatis - uberon - UBERON:8400021 - liver serosa + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. + dph + 2010-09-16T01:22:36Z + regulation of cell polarization + biological_process + regulation of bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity + GO:2000114 + regulation of establishment of cell polarity - + - Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. + GOC:dph - + - serosa of liver - FMA:15811 + regulation of cell polarization + GOC:obol - - - tunica serosa hepatis - LATIN - + + + regulation of bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - + - - + + - Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. - - hepatic subserosa - subserosal tissue of liver - subserous layer of liver - tela subserosa (hepar) - tela subserosa hepatis - uberon - UBERON:8400023 - liver subserosa + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + dph + 2010-09-29T12:43:53Z + biological_process + GO:2000136 + regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis - + - Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. - - - FMA:15812 - - - - - tela subserosa (hepar) - FMA:15821 - - - - - tela subserosa hepatis - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Venule of villus of small intestine. - - venule of small intestine - uberon - UBERON:8410001 - - small intestine venule + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + dph + 2010-09-29T12:43:55Z + biological_process + GO:2000137 + negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis - + - Venule of villus of small intestine. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - Arteriole of villus of small intestine. - - arteriole of small intestine - arteriole of villus of small intestine - small intestine villus arteriole - uberon - UBERON:8410004 - - small intestine arteriole + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + dph + 2010-09-29T12:43:57Z + biological_process + GO:2000138 + positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis - + - Arteriole of villus of small intestine. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. + GOC:dph - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A venule that is located in the anorectum. - - anorectum venule - uberon - UBERON:8410008 - venule of anorectum + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + mah + 2010-10-01T09:41:21Z + regulation of cell locomotion + regulation of movement of a cell + biological_process + regulation of cell movement + GO:2000145 + regulation of cell motility - + - A venule that is located in the anorectum. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of cell locomotion + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of movement of a cell + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cell movement + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. - - anorectum arteriole - uberon - UBERON:8410009 - arteriole of anorectum + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + mah + 2010-10-01T09:41:26Z + negative regulation of cell locomotion + negative regulation of movement of a cell + biological_process + negative regulation of cell movement + GO:2000146 + negative regulation of cell motility - + - An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of cell locomotion + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of movement of a cell + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of cell movement + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - An arteriole located in the colon. - - uberon - UBERON:8410015 - arteriole of colon + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + mah + 2010-10-01T09:41:30Z + positive regulation of cell locomotion + positive regulation of movement of a cell + biological_process + positive regulation of cell movement + GO:2000147 + positive regulation of cell motility - + - An arteriole located in the colon. - - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of cell locomotion + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of movement of a cell + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of cell movement + GOC:obol - + - + - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + + - An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. - - junction of intestine - uberon - UBERON:8410024 - intestinal junction + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + rl + 2010-10-07T12:07:54Z + biological_process + GO:2000172 + regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve - + - An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + GOC:BHF - + - + - + - - + + - + + + - - + + - A submucosal gland located in a bronchus. - - - airway submucosal gland - bronchial submucosal gland - submucosal bronchial gland - submucosal bronchus gland - uberon - UBERON:8410043 - - bronchus submucosal gland + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + rl + 2010-10-07T12:07:56Z + biological_process + GO:2000173 + negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve - + - A submucosal gland located in a bronchus. - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. + GOC:BHF - + - + - + - - + + - + - - + + - A venule located in the colon. - - uberon - UBERON:8410048 - venule of colon + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + dph + 2010-10-13T12:40:41Z + biological_process + GO:2000177 + regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation - + - A venule located in the colon. - - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. - The anatomy, pathology and medical community considers the anus to be part of the large intestine, and supports the use of 'anorectum' to include rectum, anal canal and anus. Although a few resources seem to only include the distal part of the rectum in 'anorectum', this UBERON grouping term is meant to refer more broadly to the whole of rectum. - - anorectal - - anorectal canal - uberon - UBERON:8410050 - anorectum + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + dph + 2010-10-13T12:40:43Z + biological_process + GO:2000178 + negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation - + - A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. - - - - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A capillary that is part of the anorectum. - - blood vessel capillary of anorectum - uberon - UBERON:8410056 - capillary of anorectum + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + dph + 2010-10-13T12:40:45Z + biological_process + GO:2000179 + positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation - + - A capillary that is part of the anorectum. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A capillary that is part of the colon. - - blood vessel capillary of colon - uberon - UBERON:8410057 - capillary of colon + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. + dph + 2010-10-13T12:46:31Z + biological_process + GO:2000181 + negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis - + - A capillary that is part of the colon. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. + GOC:dph + GOC:yaf - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A capillary that is part of a small intestine. - - 2021-12-21T15:14:31Z - blood vessel capillary of small intestine - small intestine capillary - uberon - UBERON:8410068 - - capillary of small intestine + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + vw + 2010-10-15T11:33:04Z + regulation of phosphate membrane transport + biological_process + GO:2000185 + regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport - + - A capillary that is part of a small intestine. - + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - - + + - - + + - A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. - - 2022-03-24T14:21:59Z - EFO:0010666 - respiratory tract submucosal gland - submucosal gland of respiratory tract - uberon - UBERON:8410077 - airway submucosal gland - - - - - A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. - - - - - - - - - - - - Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. - microvascular - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 - microvasculature - microvessel - uberon - UBERON:8410081 - blood microvessel - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + vw + 2010-10-15T11:33:08Z + negative regulation of phosphate membrane transport + biological_process + GO:2000186 + negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport - + - Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. - - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + GOC:obol - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). - uberon - UBERON:8440015 - noradrenergic cell groups + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + vw + 2010-10-15T11:33:10Z + positive regulation of phosphate membrane transport + biological_process + GO:2000187 + positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport - + - Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). - WikipediaVersioned:Noradrenergic_cell_groups&oldid=965992184 + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport. + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-8718 - 2022-05-25T18:21:29Z - uberon - UBERON:8450002 - excretory system + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + yaf + 2010-10-19T10:45:34Z + regulation of ovarian development + regulation of ovary development + biological_process + GO:2000194 + regulation of female gonad development - + - An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. - GO:0007588 + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of ovarian development + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of ovary development + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - A capillary that is part of the brain. - - 2022-06-24T09:28:31Z - uberon - UBERON:8480001 - capillary of brain + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + yaf + 2010-10-19T10:45:38Z + negative regulation of ovarian development + negative regulation of ovary development + biological_process + GO:2000195 + negative regulation of female gonad development - + - A capillary that is part of the brain. - + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of ovarian development + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of ovary development + GOC:obol - + - + - + - - + + - + + - - + + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. - - 2022-06-24T09:30:54Z - uberon - UBERON:8480002 - thoracic aorta smooth muscle tissue + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + yaf + 2010-10-19T10:45:41Z + positive regulation of ovarian development + positive regulation of ovary development + biological_process + GO:2000196 + positive regulation of female gonad development - + - A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. - + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of ovarian development + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of ovary development + GOC:obol - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A protein coding gene SHH in human. - gene - HGNC:10848 - Category=external. - SHH (human) + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + mah + 2010-11-09T03:43:37Z + regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:2000226 + regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation - + - A protein coding gene SHH in human. - PRO:DNx + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + GOC:obol - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - A protein coding gene FGF8 in human. - gene - HGNC:3686 - Category=external. - FGF8 (human) + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + mah + 2010-11-09T03:43:40Z + negative regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:2000227 + negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + - + - A protein coding gene FGF8 in human. - PRO:DNx + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + GOC:obol - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + mah + 2010-11-09T03:43:42Z + positive regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + biological_process + GO:2000228 + positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation. + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + mah + 2010-11-10T02:44:02Z + biological_process + GO:2000241 + regulation of reproductive process - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + mah + 2010-11-10T02:44:05Z + biological_process + GO:2000242 + negative regulation of reproductive process - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + mah + 2010-11-10T02:44:08Z + biological_process + GO:2000243 + positive regulation of reproductive process - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + - + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity. + vw + 2010-11-11T11:40:34Z + negative regulation of establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity + biological_process + GO:2000248 + negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity + GOC:obol + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + jl + 2010-11-23T01:07:23Z + regulation of fibroblast apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000269 + regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + jl + 2010-11-23T01:07:27Z + negative regulation of fibroblast apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000270 + negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + jl + 2010-11-23T01:07:29Z + positive regulation of fibroblast apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000271 + positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2010-12-08T04:48:15Z + regulation of DNA anabolism + regulation of DNA biosynthesis + regulation of DNA formation + regulation of DNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:2000278 + regulation of DNA biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of DNA anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of DNA biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of DNA formation + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of DNA synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2010-12-08T04:48:20Z + negative regulation of DNA anabolism + negative regulation of DNA biosynthesis + negative regulation of DNA formation + negative regulation of DNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:2000279 + negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of DNA anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of DNA biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of DNA formation + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of DNA synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process. + vw + 2010-12-10T11:54:19Z + regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process + regulation of cellular amino acid anabolism + regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthesis + regulation of cellular amino acid formation + regulation of cellular amino acid synthesis + biological_process + GO:2000282 + regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cellular amino acid anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cellular amino acid formation + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cellular amino acid synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an amino acid biosynthetic process. + vw + 2010-12-10T11:54:23Z + negative regulation of amino acid anabolism + negative regulation of amino acid biosynthesis + negative regulation of amino acid formation + negative regulation of amino acid synthesis + negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:2000283 + negative regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an amino acid biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of amino acid anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of amino acid biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of amino acid formation + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of amino acid synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - FMA + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process. + vw + 2010-12-10T11:54:27Z + positive regulation of amino acid anabolism + positive regulation of amino acid biosynthesis + positive regulation of amino acid formation + positive regulation of amino acid synthesis + positive regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + biological_process + GO:2000284 + positive regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol - + + + positive regulation of amino acid anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of amino acid biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of amino acid formation + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of amino acid synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development. + rl + 2010-12-16T05:17:15Z + biological_process + GO:2000287 + positive regulation of myotome development - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + rl + 2010-12-16T05:20:52Z + biological_process + GO:2000288 + positive regulation of myoblast proliferation - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development. + mah + 2010-12-20T10:22:05Z + biological_process + GO:2000290 + regulation of myotome development - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + mah + 2010-12-20T10:34:26Z + biological_process + GO:2000291 + regulation of myoblast proliferation - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + bf + 2010-12-21T09:23:08Z + biological_process + GO:2000292 + regulation of defecation - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + bf + 2010-12-21T09:23:13Z + biological_process + GO:2000293 + negative regulation of defecation - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + bf + 2010-12-21T09:23:16Z + biological_process + GO:2000294 + positive regulation of defecation - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - FMA-abduced-lr + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + mah + 2011-02-03T10:43:16Z + regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + regulation of killing of endothelial cells + regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000351 + regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + + + regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of killing of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - definitional + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + mah + 2011-02-03T10:43:20Z + negative regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + negative regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + negative regulation of killing of endothelial cells + negative regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + negative regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000352 + negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis - + + + negative regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of killing of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + mah + 2011-02-03T10:43:23Z + positive regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + positive regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + positive regulation of killing of endothelial cells + positive regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + positive regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000353 + positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. + GOC:BHF + GOC:mah + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + positive regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of killing of endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only in species that have a stomach - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + mah + 2011-02-11T02:03:32Z + regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + regulation of oxygen metabolism + biological_process + GO:2000374 + regulation of oxygen metabolic process - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + GOC:mah + + + + + regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of oxygen metabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + mah + 2011-02-11T02:03:44Z + negative regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + negative regulation of oxygen metabolism + biological_process + GO:2000375 + negative regulation of oxygen metabolic process - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + GOC:mah + + + + + negative regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of oxygen metabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + mah + 2011-02-11T02:03:52Z + positive regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + positive regulation of oxygen metabolism + biological_process + GO:2000376 + positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. + GOC:mah + + + + + positive regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of oxygen metabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:09:46Z + biological_process + GO:2000380 + regulation of mesoderm development + - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - may be present in other parts in other species - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:10:02Z + biological_process + GO:2000381 + negative regulation of mesoderm development - - - - - - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:10:12Z + biological_process + GO:2000382 + positive regulation of mesoderm development - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - right arch 4 in human - embryology.ch - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:17:10Z + biological_process + GO:2000383 + regulation of ectoderm development + - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:17:27Z + biological_process + GO:2000384 + negative regulation of ectoderm development + - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + vk + 2011-02-15T03:17:39Z + biological_process + GO:2000385 + positive regulation of ectoderm development + - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. + GOC:BHF + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - Wikipedia - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + bf + 2011-03-18T02:18:34Z + biological_process + GO:2000495 + regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis + - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + bf + 2011-03-18T02:19:22Z + biological_process + GO:2000496 + negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis + - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + bf + 2011-03-18T02:19:54Z + biological_process + GO:2000497 + positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis + - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. + yaf + 2011-04-01T04:10:08Z + biological_process + GO:2000542 + negative regulation of gastrulation + - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. + yaf + 2011-04-01T04:10:15Z + biological_process + GO:2000543 + positive regulation of gastrulation + - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - FMA + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + yaf + 2011-04-04T10:01:20Z + positive regulation of DNA anabolism + positive regulation of DNA biosynthesis + positive regulation of DNA formation + positive regulation of DNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:2000573 + positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. + GOC:obol - + + + positive regulation of DNA anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of DNA biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of DNA formation + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of DNA synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. + dph + 2011-04-27T01:04:22Z + biological_process + GO:2000647 + negative regulation of stem cell proliferation + - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. + dph + 2011-04-27T01:04:25Z + biological_process + GO:2000648 + positive regulation of stem cell proliferation + - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA - - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + yaf + 2011-04-28T08:42:53Z + regulation of sodium transporter activity + biological_process + GO:2000649 + + regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of sodium transporter activity + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + yaf + 2011-04-28T08:42:57Z + negative regulation of sodium transporter activity + biological_process + GO:2000650 + + negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of sodium transporter activity + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + yaf + 2011-04-28T08:43:00Z + positive regulation of sodium transporter activity + biological_process + GO:2000651 + + positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity + + + + + + + - + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of sodium transporter activity + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - FMA + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T10:56:17Z + regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + regulation of motor neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000671 + regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol - + + + regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T10:56:21Z + negative regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + negative regulation of motor neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000672 + negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T10:56:24Z + positive regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + positive regulation of motor neuron apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000673 + positive regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol - - - + + + + positive regulation of motoneuron apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T11:51:09Z + regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000674 + regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - FMA + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T11:51:12Z + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000675 + negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol - + + + negative regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + pr + 2011-05-09T11:51:15Z + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2000676 + positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - - + + + + - - + + - - FMA + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + yaf + 2011-05-25T09:08:01Z + regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + biological_process + regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GO:2000690 + regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + GOC:obol - - - + + + + regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + yaf + 2011-05-25T09:08:06Z + negative regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + biological_process + negative regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GO:2000691 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + yaf + 2011-05-25T09:08:09Z + positive regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + biological_process + positive regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GO:2000700 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation - - - + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + vk + 2011-06-08T10:51:06Z + regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + biological_process + regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GO:2000725 + regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + + + + + regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + vk + 2011-06-08T10:51:11Z + negative regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + biological_process + negative regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GO:2000726 + negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation - - - + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + + + + + negative regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + vk + 2011-06-08T10:51:15Z + positive regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + biological_process + positive regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GO:2000727 + positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:BHF + + + + + positive regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-06-14T02:05:16Z + biological_process + GO:2000736 + regulation of stem cell differentiation - - - + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-06-14T02:05:20Z + biological_process + GO:2000737 + negative regulation of stem cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-06-14T02:05:23Z + biological_process + GO:2000738 + positive regulation of stem cell differentiation - + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + pr + 2011-06-24T01:53:50Z + biological_process + GO:2000790 + regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + PMID:21513708 + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + pr + 2011-06-24T01:53:53Z + biological_process + GO:2000791 + negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + - + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + PMID:21513708 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + pr + 2011-06-24T01:53:56Z + biological_process + GO:2000792 + positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 - + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. + PMID:21513708 + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis. + pr + 2011-06-25T07:22:38Z + biological_process + GO:2000794 + regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis. + PMID:21513708 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis. + pr + 2011-06-25T07:22:42Z + biological_process + GO:2000795 + negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis. + PMID:21513708 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + pr + 2011-07-12T03:06:04Z + biological_process + GO:2000818 + negative regulation of myoblast proliferation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis. + vk + 2011-07-19T10:08:58Z + biological_process + regulation of cardiac morphogenesis + GO:2000826 + regulation of heart morphogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis. + GOC:BHF + + + + + regulation of cardiac morphogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:38:46Z + biological_process + GO:2000831 + regulation of steroid hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:38:50Z + biological_process + GO:2000832 + negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:38:51Z + biological_process + GO:2000833 + positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:39:45Z + biological_process + GO:2000834 + regulation of androgen secretion + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:39:48Z + biological_process + GO:2000835 + negative regulation of androgen secretion + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + bf + 2011-07-26T08:39:51Z + biological_process + GO:2000836 + positive regulation of androgen secretion + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. + GOC:sl + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. + yaf + 2011-08-09T04:05:14Z + biological_process + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary system development + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary tract development + GO:2001012 + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development + + + + + The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. + GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 + GOC:obol + GOC:yaf + + + + + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary system development + GOC:obol + + + + + mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary tract development + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + - - - + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-08-11T08:54:37Z + biological_process + GO:2001014 + regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-08-11T08:54:41Z + biological_process + GO:2001015 + negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + yaf + 2011-08-11T08:54:44Z + biological_process + GO:2001016 + positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + yaf + 2011-09-08T02:49:59Z + regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2001053 + regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + yaf + 2011-09-08T02:50:05Z + negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2001054 + negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + yaf + 2011-09-08T02:50:09Z + positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis + biological_process + GO:2001055 + positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + dph + 2011-10-17T11:36:25Z + regulation of RNA anabolism + regulation of RNA biosynthesis + regulation of RNA formation + regulation of RNA synthesis + biological_process + GO:2001141 + regulation of RNA biosynthetic process + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. + GOC:dph + + + + + regulation of RNA anabolism + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of RNA biosynthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of RNA formation + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of RNA synthesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + yaf + 2011-11-15T01:22:31Z + regulation of vascular morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:2001212 + regulation of vasculogenesis + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + regulation of vascular morphogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + yaf + 2011-11-15T01:22:36Z + negative regulation of vascular morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:2001213 + negative regulation of vasculogenesis + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of vascular morphogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + yaf + 2011-11-15T01:22:39Z + positive regulation of vascular morphogenesis + biological_process + GO:2001214 + positive regulation of vasculogenesis + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of vascular morphogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + pr + 2011-11-24T01:20:49Z + regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + biological_process + GO:2001233 + regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + pr + 2011-11-24T01:20:54Z + negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + biological_process + GO:2001234 + negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + pr + 2011-11-24T01:20:58Z + positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + biological_process + GO:2001235 + positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13926 + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. + GOC:mtg_apoptosis + + + + + positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway + GOC:mah + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. + yaf + 2011-12-02T02:01:20Z + negative regulation of chromosome organisation + biological_process + negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity + negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance + GO:2001251 + negative regulation of chromosome organization + + + + + Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of chromosome organisation + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity + GOC:obol + + + + + negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. + yaf + 2011-12-02T02:01:26Z + positive regulation of chromosome organisation + biological_process + positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity + positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance + GO:2001252 + positive regulation of chromosome organization + + + + + Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of chromosome organisation + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity + GOC:obol + + + + + positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance + GOC:obol + + + + + + + + + data item + data item + + + + + + + + + information content entity + information content entity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + curation status specification + + The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. + Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) + PERSON:Bill Bug + GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> + OBI_0000266 + curation status specification + + + + + + + + + data about an ontology part + Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term + Person:Alan Ruttenberg + data about an ontology part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + obsolescence reason specification + + The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. + The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. + PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg + PERSON: Melanie Courtot + obsolescence reason specification + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + denotator type + The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. + A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. + Alan Ruttenberg + Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters + denotator type + + + + + + + + + A change of place or position of part of an organism that does not involve the entire organism [NBO:SMAC] + 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z + George Gkoutos + stationary movement + behavior_ontology + body part movement + + + + + + + + + The act of moving any of the tissues and hard structures surrounding the mouth other than teeth, jaws or filter structures [NBO:AC] + 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z + George Gkoutos + mouth part movement + other moved mouth parts + behavior_ontology + mouth movement + + + + + + + + + The act of repeated grinding, tearing, and or crushing with teeth or jaws [NBO:SMAC] + 2011-04-14T01:20:02Z + George Gkoutos + chew + gnaw + mastication + behavior_ontology + chewing + + + + + + + + + "The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:GO\:0007610] + 2011-04-05T09:53:10Z + George Gkoutos + NBO:0000000 + behavior + behaviour + behavior_ontology + GO:0007610 + behavior process + + + + + + + + + "Movement behavior of the body or its parts." + 2011-04-05T02:08:47Z + George Gkoutos + behavior_ontology + kinesthetic behavior + + + + + + + + + 2012-03-17T09:51:17Z + gkoutos + behavior_ontology + jaw movement + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:0050795] + George Gkoutos + GO:0050795 + regulation of behavior + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + PMID:15371245 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:10066 + Muridae + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + Mus + mice + mouse + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:10088 + Mus <genus> + + + + + Mus + + + + + + mice + + + + + + mouse + + + + + + + + + + + NCBITaxon:85055 + GC_ID:1 + house mouse + mouse + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:10090 + Mus musculus + + + + + house mouse + + + + + + mouse + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + rat + rats + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:10114 + Rattus + + + + + rat + + + + + + rats + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Palpata + NCBITaxon:105389 + Sedentaria + + + + + Palpata + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:105391 + Canalipalpata + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:110814 + Xenoturbellida + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:110815 + Xenoturbella + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + fish + fishes + ncbi_taxonomy + Agnatha + Hyperotreti + NCBITaxon:117565 + Myxini + + + + + fish + + + + + + fishes + + + + + + Agnatha + + + + + + Hyperotreti + + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:117570 + Teleostomi + + + + + + + + + + NCBITaxon:40673 + GC_ID:1 + bony vertebrates + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:117571 + Euteleostomi + + + + + bony vertebrates + + + + + + + + + + + NCBITaxon:27837 + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Adenophorea + NCBITaxon:119089 + Chromadorea + + + + + Adenophorea + + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:1206794 + Ecdysozoa + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:1206795 + Lophotrochozoa + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:123365 + Neoteleostei + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Eurypterygii + NCBITaxon:123366 + Eurypterygia + + + + + Eurypterygii + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:123367 + Ctenosquamata + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Acanthomorpha + NCBITaxon:123368 + Acanthomorphata + + + + + Acanthomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + Euacanthomorpha + NCBITaxon:123369 + Euacanthomorphacea + + + + + Euacanthomorpha + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:124129 + Acipenserinae + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:124130 + Acipenserini + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + gamophytes + ncbi_taxonomy + Conjugatophyceae + Gamophyceae + Gamophyta + Zygnematophyceae + NCBITaxon:131209 + Zygnemophyceae + + + + + gamophytes + + + + + + Conjugatophyceae + + + + + + Gamophyceae + + + + + + Gamophyta + + + + + + Zygnematophyceae + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + charophyte/embryophyte group + ncbi_taxonomy + Charophyta/Embryophyta group + NCBITaxon:131221 + Streptophytina + + + + + charophyte/embryophyte group + + + + + + Charophyta/Embryophyta group + + + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:1312402 + Xenacoelomorpha + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + biota + NCBITaxon:131567 + 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GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:8800 + Struthio + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + African ostrich + ostrich + ncbi_taxonomy + Struthio camelus domesticus + NCBITaxon:8801 + Struthio camelus + + + + + African ostrich + + + + + + ostrich + + + + + + Struthio camelus domesticus + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:8825 + Neognathae + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:88770 + Panarthropoda + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + pigeons and others + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:8929 + Columbiformes + + + + + pigeons and others + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + pigeons + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:8930 + Columbidae + + + + + pigeons + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + Craniata + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:89593 + Craniata <chordates> + + + + + Craniata + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:9254 + Prototheria + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + egg-laying mammals + ncbi_taxonomy + monotremes + NCBITaxon:9255 + Monotremata + + + + + egg-laying mammals + + + + + + monotremes + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + echidnas + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:9259 + Tachyglossidae + + + + + echidnas + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + eutherian mammals + placental mammals + placentals + ncbi_taxonomy + Placentalia + placentals + NCBITaxon:9347 + Eutheria + + + + + eutherian mammals + + + + + + placental mammals + + + + + + placentals + + + + + + Placentalia + + + + + + placentals + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + primate + ncbi_taxonomy + Primata + primates + NCBITaxon:9443 + Primates + + + + + primate + + + + + + Primata + + + + + + primates + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:9526 + Catarrhini + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + great apes + ncbi_taxonomy + Pongidae + NCBITaxon:9604 + Hominidae + + + + + great apes + + + + + + Pongidae + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + humans + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:9605 + Homo + + + + + humans + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + human + ncbi_taxonomy + NCBITaxon:9606 + Homo sapiens + + + + + human + + + + + + + + + + + GC_ID:1 + rodent + ncbi_taxonomy + rodents + NCBITaxon:9989 + Rodentia + + + + + rodent + + + + + + rodents + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities + PATO:0000072 + quality + PATO:0000001 + quality + + + + + A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. + PATO:0002015 + composed of + compositionality + content + structure, composition + quality + PATO:0000025 + + + For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). + composition + + + + + A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. + quality + PATO:0000051 + + morphology + + + + + A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). + PATO:0001647 + relational shape quality + quality + PATO:0000052 + + Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. + shape + + + + + A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + quality + PATO:0000068 + TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. + qualitative + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. + quality + PATO:0000069 + + deviation (from_normal) + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. + quality + PATO:0000117 + + + size + + + + + A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. + WordNet:WordNet + + + + + + + + + A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. + quality + PATO:0000136 + + closure + + + + + A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. + PATOC:CJM + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. + PATO:0001452 + conformation + relational structural quality + quality + PATO:0000141 + + structure + + + + + A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + conformation + VT:1000738 + + + + + + + + + A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. + quality + PATO:0000150 + + texture + + + + + A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. + quality + PATO:0000261 + + maturity + + + + + A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. + Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster + + + + + + + + + A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. + + ramified + ramiform + quality + PATO:0000402 + + + + branched + + + + + A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. + WordNet:WordNet + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. + quality + plate-like + PATO:0000407 + + + + flat + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. + web:http://www.merriam-webster.com/ + + + + + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. + quality + round + rounded + PATO:0000411 + + + + circular + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. + thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. + + quality + average + PATO:0000461 + + + + normal + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A size quality which is relatively high. + + PATO:0001202 + quality + big + enlarged + expanded + great + large + PATO:0000586 + + increased size + + + + + A size quality which is relatively high. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. + + quality + blocked + PATO:0000608 + + closed + + + + + A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. + answers.com:answers.com + + + + + + + + + A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. + ellipse-shaped + ellipsoid + elliptical + quality + oval + ovoid + PATO:0000947 + + + + elliptic + + + + + A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. + quality + PATO:0000957 + + opacity + + + + + An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. + + non-transparent + quality + clouding + cloudy + PATO:0000963 + + + opaque + + + + + A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. + + clear + hyaline + quality + PATO:0000964 + + + transparent + + + + + A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. + quality + PATO:0000992 + + + viscosity + + + + + A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. + quality + PATO:0000998 + + + + viscous + + + + + A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. + PATO:0002079 + Wikipedia:Physical_property + relational physical quality + quality + PATO:0001018 + + physical quality + + + + + A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. + quality + PATO:0001031 + + + + elasticity + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. + merriam-webster:merriam-webster + + + + + + + + + An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. + + quality + PATO:0001171 + + + + elastic + + + + + An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. + merriam-webster:merriam-webster + + + + + + + + + A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis. + quality + PATO:0001185 + + larval + + + + + A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larval + + + + + + + + + + A quality which inheres in an process. + PATO:0001239 + PATO:0001240 + quality of a process + quality of occurrent + quality of process + relational quality of occurrent + quality + PATO:0001236 + See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. + process quality + + + + + A quality which inheres in an process. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality which inheres in a continuant. + PATO:0001237 + PATO:0001238 + snap:Quality + monadic quality of a continuant + multiply inhering quality of a physical entity + quality of a continuant + quality of a single physical entity + quality of an object + quality of continuant + monadic quality of an object + monadic quality of continuant + quality + PATO:0001241 + Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. + physical object quality + + + + + A quality which inheres in a continuant. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. + quality + PATO:0001300 + + optical quality + + + + + An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. + quality + PATO:0001374 + + ploidy + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy + + + + + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. + quality + PATO:0001375 + + + haploid + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid + + + + + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. + quality + PATO:0001377 + + + polyploid + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploid + + + + + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. + quality + PATO:0001393 + + + euploid + + + + + A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euploid + + + + + + + + + A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. + quality + PATO:0001396 + cellular quality + + + + + A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. + quality + PATO:0001397 + + + cellular potency + + + + + A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to produce only one differentiated cell type. + quality + PATO:0001400 + + + + Unipotent cells have the quality of self-renewal which distinguishes them from non-stem cells. + unipotent + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to produce only one differentiated cell type. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unipotent + + + + + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types of a specific lineage and lack self renewing capacity. + quality + PATO:0001401 + + + + Less potent than multipotent, often thought of as precursor or progenitor cell status. + oligopotent + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types of a specific lineage and lack self renewing capacity. + PATOC:MAH + + + + + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. + quality + PATO:0001402 + + + + multipotent + + + + + A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotent + + + + + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. + quality + PATO:0001404 + + nucleate quality + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. + quality + PATO:0001405 + + + + anucleate + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. + Biology-online:Biology-online + + + + + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. + quality + PATO:0001406 + + + + binucleate + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. + Biology-online:Biology-online + + + + + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. + quality + PATO:0001407 + + + + mononucleate + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. + Biology-online:Biology-online + + + + + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. + quality + PATO:0001408 + + + ciliatedness + + + + + A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. + Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliated + + + + + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. + quality + PATO:0001410 + + + + striated + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. + Biology-online:Biology-online + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. + solidity + quality + PATO:0001546 + + quality of a solid + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. + Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. + gaseous + quality + PATO:0001547 + + quality of a gas + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. + Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. + liquidity + quality + PATO:0001548 + + quality of a liquid + + + + + A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. + url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php + + + + + + + + + A physical quality that is the ability to contract or shrink. + quality + PATO:0001579 + + + + contractility + + + + + A physical quality that is the ability to contract or shrink. + WordNet:WordNet + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A contractility which is relatively high. + + high contractility + quality + PATO:0001580 + + + increased contractility + + + + + A contractility which is relatively high. + PATO:GVG + + + + + + + + + A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. + quality + PATO:0001591 + + curvature + + + + + A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. + WordNet:WordNet + + + + + + + + + A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of contracting or being contracted. + + quality + PATO:0001690 + + + This refers to the disposition of the bearer. + contractile + + + + + A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of contracting or being contracted. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A viscosity which relatively high. + + high viscosity + quality + PATO:0001693 + + + increased viscosity + + + + + A viscosity which relatively high. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. + liquid + quality + PATO:0001735 + liquid configuration + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of solids. + solid + quality + PATO:0001736 + + solid configuration + + + + + A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of solids. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave. + quality + PATO:0001748 + + + + invaginated + + + + + A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. + + quality + PATO:0001857 + + + concave + + + + + A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. + WordNet:WordNet + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. + PATO:0001203 + rod-like + rod-shaped + tubulate + quality + PATO:0001873 + + + cylindrical + + + + + A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. + PATOC:MAH + + + + + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. + quality + PATO:0001908 + + + multinucleate + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. + sacular + quality + PATO:0001987 + + saccular + + + + + A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. + PATOC:MAH + + + + + + + + + An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. + quality + PATO:0001992 + + + cellularity + + + + + An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. + quality + PATO:0001993 + + multicellular + + + + + A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. + quality + PATO:0001995 + organismal quality + + + + + A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. + PATOC:CJM + + + + + + + + + Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. + quality + PATO:0002005 + + concavity + + + + + Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. + PATOC:MAH + + + + + + + + + A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. + quality + 2-D projection + cross-sectional + PATO:0002006 + + 2-D shape + + + + + A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. + PATOC:CJM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. + + Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png + quality + PATO:0002007 + + Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. + convex 3-D shape + + + + + A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. + PATOC:CJM + + + + + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. + quality + PATO:0002009 + + + branchiness + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. + PATOC:MAH + + + + + + + + + A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. + quality + PATO:0002014 + + structure, cavities + + + + + A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward on both sides or surfaces. + + quality + PATO:0002039 + + biconcave + + + + + A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward on both sides or surfaces. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A branched quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having smaller branches arising from larger branches. Resembling a tree in branching structure. + + 2009-02-15T08:11:41Z + dendriform + dendroid + dendroidal + quality + PATO:0002045 + + dendritic + + + + + A branched quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having smaller branches arising from larger branches. Resembling a tree in branching structure. + PATOC:cvs + + + + + + + + + + 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z + quality + PATO:0002062 + + physical quality of a process + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. + + 2009-09-18T02:19:20Z + quality + PATO:0002078 + + hollow + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. + url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollow + + + + + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. + + 2009-10-05T12:05:23Z + quality + PATO:0002094 + + + + basophilic + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. + + 2009-10-06T04:37:14Z + quality + PATO:0002124 + + + laminar + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. + + 2010-03-15T04:35:27Z + quality + PATO:0002198 + + quality of a substance + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. + + 2010-07-13T04:22:30Z + quality + PATO:0002226 + + subcylindrical + + + + + A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. + url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Subcylindrical + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. + + 2010-08-16T03:59:34Z + quality + compressed + PATO:0002254 + + Becoming flat but not necessarily completely flat. + flattened + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. + PATOC:CVS + + + + + + + + + Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. + + 2010-09-01T10:27:48Z + quality + channeled + creased + PATO:0002255 + + grooved + + + + + Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. + PATOC:JE + + + + + + + + + A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. + + 2010-10-05T12:31:16Z + quality + PATO:0002266 + 3-D shape + + + + + A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. + PATOC:OREGON + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elasticity which is relatively high. + + + 2011-03-30T11:50:21Z + quality + PATO:0002287 + + increased elasticity + + + + + An elasticity which is relatively high. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + A cylindrical shape that is hollow. + + 2011-06-08T06:33:50Z + tube like + tube-shaped + tubulate + quality + PATO:0002299 + tubular + + + + + A cylindrical shape that is hollow. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + + + 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z + quality + PATO:0002300 + increased quality + + + + + A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + + + 2011-06-16T06:53:08Z + quality + PATO:0002304 + increased process quality + + + + + A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + + + 2011-06-16T06:54:01Z + quality + PATO:0002305 + increased object quality + + + + + A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently sized and approximately round cross-section along its length, which is many times larger than its diameter. + + 2011-09-09T04:50:10Z + quality + PATO:0002309 + + Note that a fiber shaped object may take any circuitous or straight path through space (think of a length of string or rope). + fiber shaped + + + + + A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently sized and approximately round cross-section along its length, which is many times larger than its diameter. + PATOC:DC + + + + + + + + + A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt + + 2011-10-12T12:45:16Z + Lamé curve + quality + PATO:0002318 + superelliptic + + + + + A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt + wiktionary:superellipse + + + + + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for acidic dyes under specific pH conditions. + + 2012-12-17T03:01:19Z + eosinophilic + quality + PATO:0002418 + + + Eosin stains acidophilic structures, hence eosinophilic is the same as acidophilic. + acidophilic + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for acidic dyes under specific pH conditions. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + Pertaining to the individual parts making up an aggregate fruit like a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry. + + 2012-12-17T03:11:10Z + quality + PATO:0002422 + + + Acinus is Latin for berry. + acinar + + + + + Pertaining to the individual parts making up an aggregate fruit like a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry. + wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acinus + + + + + + + + + A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of collagen. + + 2013-09-15T11:34:15Z + quality + PATO:0002462 + + collagenous + + + + + A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of collagen. + PATOC:WD + + + + + + + + + A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of swelling or stretching. + + 2013-09-15T11:48:26Z + quality + PATO:0002468 + + distensible + + + + + A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of swelling or stretching. + PATOC:WD + + + + + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel, that are oriented transversely relative to the long axis of the bearer. + + 2013-09-15T12:29:15Z + quality + PATO:0002478 + + + + transversely striated + + + + + A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel, that are oriented transversely relative to the long axis of the bearer. + PATOC:DS + + + + + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. + + 2013-10-21T05:44:34Z + quality + PATO:0002505 + + + nucleated + + + + + A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. + PATOC:GVG + + + + + + + + + A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. + + 2014-12-12T08:43:17Z + quality + PATO:0010001 + disconnected + + + + + A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a structure by virtue of it consisting of many of repeated, similar or identical subunits, arranged in some orderly array. + quality + PATO:0015006 + + A complete coverage of this domain would subclasses homopolymeric, copolymeric, crystalline. + polymeric + + + + + A quality inhering in a structure by virtue of it consisting of many of repeated, similar or identical subunits, arranged in some orderly array. + GOC:DOS + https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/78 + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the extent to which the bearer is capable of being stretched or swollen. + quality + PATO:0015008 + + distensibility + + + + + A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the extent to which the bearer is capable of being stretched or swollen. + GOC:CJM + + + + + + + + + A quality of continuant that exist at the anatomical level of organisation and anything under it. This includes, but is not limited to, cells , tissues, and components. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-9596 + quality + PATO:0070044 + anatomical structure quality + + + + + + + + + A quality inhering in an anotomical structure by virtue of its capacity to be stained by specific histological dyes. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-9596 + quality + PATO:0070045 + anatomical histological quality + + + + + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-9596 + quality + PATO:0070047 + polychromatophilic + + + + + An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. + GOC:add + + + + + + + + + A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. + quality + PATO:0070060 + + quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation + + + + + A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. + natural protein + native protein + protein + PR:000000001 + The definition above excludes protein complexes, which some also consider a protein. Those who wish to refer to a class representing both senses of the word are directed to CHEBI:36080. Note that the definition allows for experimentally-manipulated genes, and allows for artifically-produced derivatives that mimic those found naturally. Proteins (in the sense defined here) that descended from a common ancestor can be classified into families and superfamilies composed of products of evolutionarily-related genes. The domain architecture of a protein is described by the order of its constituent domains. Proteins with the same domains in the same order are defined as homeomorphic [PRO:WCB]. + protein + + + + + An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. + PRO:DAN + PRO:WCB + + + + + natural protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + native protein + IEDB:BP + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD19 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an N-terminal extracellular domain containing two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, followed by a single-pass transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. CD19 expression is restricted to members of the B cell lineage. It functions as a co-receptor for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), regulating signal transduction. + IUPHARobj:2764 + PIRSF:PIRSF016630 + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 + CD19 + T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 + differentiation antigen CD19 + protein + PR:000001002 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD19 molecule + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD19 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an N-terminal extracellular domain containing two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, followed by a single-pass transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. CD19 expression is restricted to members of the B cell lineage. It functions as a co-receptor for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), regulating signal transduction. + PMID:15778510 + + + + + CD19 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD34 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a leukocyte membrane protein expressed specifically by lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells. It contains a single-pass transmembrane domain and that show distinct expression on early hematopoietic precursors and vascular-associated tissue. Acts as a scaffold that presents selectin carbohydrate ligands in a clustered, tissue specific manner to allow for higher avidity interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during the inflammatory process. In common with related sialomucins (endoglycan and podocalyxin), the extracellular region is dominated by an N-terminal mucin-like domain, which is densely substituted with sialylated O-linked carbohydrates. The mucin-like region is followed by a cysteine-containing and presumably globular domain. This domain may fold into an immunoglobulin-like structure as the positions of 2 of the cysteines are conserved in the C2 set of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain is around 73-76 residues long and highly conserved. + PIRSF:PIRSF028749 + CD34 + hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 + protein + PR:000001003 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD34 molecule + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD34 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a leukocyte membrane protein expressed specifically by lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells. It contains a single-pass transmembrane domain and that show distinct expression on early hematopoietic precursors and vascular-associated tissue. Acts as a scaffold that presents selectin carbohydrate ligands in a clustered, tissue specific manner to allow for higher avidity interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during the inflammatory process. In common with related sialomucins (endoglycan and podocalyxin), the extracellular region is dominated by an N-terminal mucin-like domain, which is densely substituted with sialylated O-linked carbohydrates. The mucin-like region is followed by a cysteine-containing and presumably globular domain. This domain may fold into an immunoglobulin-like structure as the positions of 2 of the cysteines are conserved in the C2 set of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain is around 73-76 residues long and highly conserved. + PMID:16720896 + PMID:8983065 + + + + + CD34 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD4 is an accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. It is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same structure, but can differ in sequence. + PIRSF:PIRSF001977 + CD4 + T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 + T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 + protein + PR:000001004 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD4 molecule + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD4 is an accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. It is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same structure, but can differ in sequence. + PMID:15326605 + + + + + CD4 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + An integrin alpha that contains an A domain. A hallmark of this class is the presence of a von Willebrand factor type A domain (Pfam:PF00092) (I-domain) of approximately 200 amino acid residues at the N terminus, which confers divalent cation binding properties. Unlike other integrin alpha proteins, they do not undergo proteolytic cleavage. + PIRSF:PIRSF002497 + integrin alpha with I domain + protein + PR:000001005 + Category=family. + integrin alpha with A domain + + + + + An integrin alpha that contains an A domain. A hallmark of this class is the presence of a von Willebrand factor type A domain (Pfam:PF00092) (I-domain) of approximately 200 amino acid residues at the N terminus, which confers divalent cation binding properties. Unlike other integrin alpha proteins, they do not undergo proteolytic cleavage. + PIRSF:PIRSF002497 + + + + + + + + + An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. They constitute subunits of the integrin alpha-M/beta-2 receptor. This receptor is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles. It is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. + IUPHARobj:2452 + CD11 antigen-like family member B + CD11b + CR-3 alpha chain + ITGAM + cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha + leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 + neutrophil adherence receptor + protein + CD11B + CR3A + PR:000001012 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + integrin alpha-M + + + + + + An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. They constitute subunits of the integrin alpha-M/beta-2 receptor. This receptor is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles. It is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + ITGAM + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD11B + + + + + + CR3A + + + + + + + + + + A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of an extracellular N-terminal domain that adopts an immunoglobulin fold, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular C-terminal domain with a single copy of the Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (Pfam:PF02189) (ITAM). It constitutes the invariant subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). TCR is a surface receptor on T cells responsible for recognizing MHC-restricted antigens and initiating the cellular immune response. + PIRSF:PIRSF001993 + CD3 subunit with Ig-like domain + protein + PR:000001018 + Category=family. + CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain + + + + + A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of an extracellular N-terminal domain that adopts an immunoglobulin fold, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular C-terminal domain with a single copy of the Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (Pfam:PF02189) (ITAM). It constitutes the invariant subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). TCR is a surface receptor on T cells responsible for recognizing MHC-restricted antigens and initiating the cellular immune response. + PMID:16473826 + PMID:1724736 + + + + + + + + + A CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain that is a translation product of the human CD3E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:2742 + CD3E + CD3e + T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain + protein + T3E + PR:000001020 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD3 epsilon + + + + + A CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain that is a translation product of the human CD3E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:CNA + + + + + CD3E + PRO:DNx + + + + + + T3E + + + + + + + + + + A protein with a domain composition consisting of a large extracellular domain, including five Ig-like C2-type domains followed by two copies of the Fibronectin type-III domain (Pfam:PF00041), a single-pass transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. + PIRSF:PIRSF002507 + protein + PR:000001022 + Category=family. + neural cell adhesion molecule + + + + + A protein with a domain composition consisting of a large extracellular domain, including five Ig-like C2-type domains followed by two copies of the Fibronectin type-III domain (Pfam:PF00041), a single-pass transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. + PRO:CNA + + + + + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule that is involved in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. + PIRSF:PIRSF501037 + protein + PR:000001023 + Category=family. + neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule that is involved in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. + PMID:17975827 + + + + + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM that is a translation product of the human NCAM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:2769 + CD56 + N-CAM-1 + NCAM-1 + NCAM1 + protein + NCAM + PR:000001024 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + neural cell adhesion molecule 1 + + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM that is a translation product of the human NCAM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:CNA + + + + + NCAM1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + NCAM + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:2600 + PIRSF:PIRSF001984 + CD2 + LFA-2 + LFA-3 receptor + T-cell surface antigen CD2 + T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD2 + erythrocyte receptor + ly-37 + lymphocyte antigen 37 + rosette receptor + protein + SRBC + PR:000001083 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD2 molecule + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:CNA + + + + + CD2 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + SRBC + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD8A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD8 is a transmembrane that is a co-receptor for MHC class-I antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8 alpha and a CD8 beta chain. + CD8A + CD8a + T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 + T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 + protein + Lyt-2 + Lyt2 + MAL + PR:000001084 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD8A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD8 is a transmembrane that is a co-receptor for MHC class-I antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8 alpha and a CD8 beta chain. + PMID:11114424 + PRO:CNA + Wikipedia:CD8 + + + + + CD8A + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Lyt-2 + + + + + + Lyt2 + + + + + + MAL + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human MS4A1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:2628 + PIRSF:PIRSF001995 + B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 + B-cell surface antigen CD20 + B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 + Bp35 + MS4A1 + leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 + lymphocyte antigen 44 + protein + CD20 + Ly-44 + Ms4a2 + PR:000001289 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human MS4A1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + MS4A1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD20 + + + + + + Ly-44 + + + + + + Ms4a2 + + + + + + + + + + A protein that has a core domain structure of signal sequence, propeptide, five Cadherin domains (Pfam:PF00028), a transmembrane region, and a Cadherin cytoplasmic region (Pfam:PF01049). Cadherins function as adhesion molecules that mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion in solid tissues. + PIRSF:PIRSF002504 + protein + PR:000001327 + Category=family. + cadherin + + + + + A protein that has a core domain structure of signal sequence, propeptide, five Cadherin domains (Pfam:PF00028), a transmembrane region, and a Cadherin cytoplasmic region (Pfam:PF01049). Cadherins function as adhesion molecules that mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion in solid tissues. + PRO:WCB + + + + + + + + + A cadherin that is a translation product of the human CDH5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + 7B4 antigen + CD144 + CDH5 + VE-cadherin + vascular endothelial cadherin + protein + PR:000001444 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + cadherin-5 + + + + + + A cadherin that is a translation product of the human CDH5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + CDH5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + CD5 + Lyt-1 + ly-1 + lymphocyte antigen 1 + lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 + protein + LEU1 + PR:000001839 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + CD5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + LEU1 + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human IL7R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:1698 + PIRSF:PIRSF001960 + CD127 + CDw127 + IL-7 receptor subunit alpha + IL-7R subunit alpha + IL-7R-alpha + IL-7RA + IL7R + protein + PR:000001869 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human IL7R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + IL7R + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD14 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PIRSF:PIRSF002017 + CD14 + monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 + myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein + protein + PR:000001889 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + CD14 molecule + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human CD14 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + CD14 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human TFRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + p90 + CD71 + T9 + TFRC + TfR + TfR1 + protein + TR + Trfr + PR:000001945 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + transferrin receptor protein 1 + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human TFRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + p90 + PRO:DNx + + + + + TFRC + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Trfr + + + + + + + + + + A protein with core architecture consisting of a signal sequence, followed by 7 Ig-like domains (Pfam:PF00047, Pfam:PF07679, or Pfam:PF07686), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic Protein tyrosine kinase domain. + PIRSF:PIRSF038502 + protein + PR:000001971 + Category=family. + vascular endothelial growth factor receptor + + + + + A protein with core architecture consisting of a signal sequence, followed by 7 Ig-like domains (Pfam:PF00047, Pfam:PF07679, or Pfam:PF07686), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic Protein tyrosine kinase domain. + PRO:WCB + + + + + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + IUPHARobj:1813 + CD309 + FLK-1 + KDR + VEGFR-2 + fetal liver kinase 1 + kinase NYK + kinase insert domain receptor + protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 + protein + FLK1 + VEGFR2 + PR:000002112 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 + + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:WCB + + + + + KDR + PRO:DNx + + + + + + FLK1 + + + + + + VEGFR2 + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is the translation product of any of the LY6 genes (LY6A-LY6I). + PIRSF:PIRSF002021 + protein + PR:000002976 + Category=family. + Ly-6-like protein + + + + + A protein that is the translation product of any of the LY6 genes (LY6A-LY6I). + PRO:CNA + + + + + + + + + An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6g gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + Ly-6G + Ly-6G.1 + Ly6g + protein + PR:000002978 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + lymphocyte antigen 6G + + + + + An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6g gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:CNA + + + + + Ly6g + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the Ly76 gene in mouse. + mLy76 + ter-119 + ter119 + protein + PR:000002981 + Category=organism-gene. Requested by=CL. + lymphocyte antigen 76 (mouse) + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the Ly76 gene in mouse. + PMID:10848813 + PRO:DAN + + + + + mLy76 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + FGF-8 + FGF8 + androgen-induced growth factor + protein + AIGF + HBGF-8 + heparin-binding growth factor 8 + PR:000007499 + Category=gene. + fibroblast growth factor 8 + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:DNx + + + + + FGF8 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + AIGF + + + + + + + + + + An insulin family protein that is a translation product of the human INS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + insulin + INS + protein + PR:000009054 + Category=gene. + insulin gene translation product + + + + + + An insulin family protein that is a translation product of the human INS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:DNx + + + + + insulin + PRO:DAN + + + + + INS + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + HHG-1 + SHH + Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains + ShhNC + protein + Hhg1 + PR:000014841 + Category=gene. + sonic hedgehog protein + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:DNx + + + + + SHH + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Hhg1 + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human TAL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 + TAL-1 + TAL1 + bHLHa17 + class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 + stem cell protein + protein + BHLHA17 + SCL + TCL5 + PR:000016043 + Category=gene. Requested by=CL. + T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of the human TAL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. + PRO:DNx + + + + + TAL1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + BHLHA17 + + + + + + SCL + + + + + + TCL5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. + peptide + polypeptide + protein + PR:000018263 + Category=polymer. + amino acid chain + + + + + An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. + PRO:DAN + PRO:JSG + + + + + peptide + PRO:DAN + + + + + polypeptide + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + A protein that is composed of a long N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains beta-propeller repeats (interrupted by an A domain in a subset of integrins alpha), while the C-terminal domain contains a GFFxR motif. + protein + PR:000025796 + Category=family. Integrins are heterodimeric complexes of an alpha and a beta subunit. They are a structurally elaborate family of adhesion molecules that transmit signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane by undergoing large-scale structural rearrangements. By regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, integrins participate in a wide-range of biological interactions including development, tissue repair, angiogenesis, inflammation and hemostasis. [PMID:10402956, PMID:11988479, PMID:9676575]. + integrin alpha + + + + + A protein that is composed of a long N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains beta-propeller repeats (interrupted by an A domain in a subset of integrins alpha), while the C-terminal domain contains a GFFxR motif. + PMID:19693543 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of Mus musculus. + mouse protein + protein + PR:000029032 + Mus musculus protein + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of Mus musculus. + PRO:DAN + + + + + mouse protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. + human protein + protein + PR:000029067 + Homo sapiens protein + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. + PRO:DAN + + + + + human protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. + Eukaryota protein + protein + PR:000036194 + eukaryotic protein + + + + + A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. + PRO:DAN + + + + + Eukaryota protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of a gene that encodes a standalone Insulin (Pfam:PF00049) domain preceded by a signal peptide. + fam:INS + protein + PR:000045358 + Category=family. + insulin family protein + + + + + A protein that is a translation product of a gene that encodes a standalone Insulin (Pfam:PF00049) domain preceded by a signal peptide. + PRO:DAN + + + + + fam:INS + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. + protein + protein aggregate + protein complex + protein-containing complex + protein + PR:000050567 + Note: This includes single proteins and derivatives thereof (PR:000000001), protein-containing complexes (GO:0032991), and protein aggregates (PR:000050566). + protein-containing material entity + + + + + A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein aggregate + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein complex + PRO:DAN + + + + + protein-containing complex + PRO:DAN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P01308 + hINS + protein + PR:P01308 + Category=organism-gene. + insulin gene translation product (human) + + + + + An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DAN + UniProtKB:P01308 + + + + + hINS + PRO:DNx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P01730 + T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (human) + hCD4 + protein + CD4 + PR:P01730 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (human) + + + + + A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:P01730 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (human) + UniProtKB:P01730 + + + + + hCD4 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD4 + UniProtKB:P01730 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P01731 + CD8a (mouse) + T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 (mouse) + mCD8A + protein + Cd8a + Lyt-2 + Lyt2 + PR:P01731 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (mouse) + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P01731 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD8a (mouse) + UniProtKB:P01731 + + + + + T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P01731 + + + + + mCD8A + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd8a + UniProtKB:P01731 + + + + + + Lyt-2 + UniProtKB:P01731 + + + + + + Lyt2 + UniProtKB:P01731 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P01732 + CD8a (human) + T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 (human) + hCD8A + protein + CD8A + MAL + PR:P01732 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (human) + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:CNA + UniProtKB:P01732 + + + + + CD8a (human) + UniProtKB:P01732 + + + + + T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 (human) + UniProtKB:P01732 + + + + + hCD8A + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD8A + UniProtKB:P01732 + + + + + + MAL + UniProtKB:P01732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + TR (human) + p90 (human) + Reactome:R-HSA-434196 + Reactome:R-HSA-434330 + Reactome:R-HSA-8869124 + Reactome:R-HSA-8961829 + Reactome:R-HSA-917983 + UniProtKB:P02786 + CD71 (human) + T9 (human) + TfR (human) + TfR1 (human) + Trfr (human) + hTFRC + protein + TFRC + PR:P02786 + Category=organism-gene. + transferrin receptor protein 1 (human) + + + + + A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + TR (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + p90 (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-434196 + PR:P02786 located_in GO:0030659 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-434330 + PR:P02786 located_in GO:0000139 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8869124 + PR:P02786 located_in GO:0030665 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8961829 + PR:P02786 located_in GO:0010008 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-917983 + PR:P02786 located_in GO:0005886 + + + + + CD71 (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + T9 (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + TfR (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + TfR1 (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + Trfr (human) + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + hTFRC + PRO:DNx + + + + + + TFRC + UniProtKB:P02786 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P05555 + CD11 antigen-like family member B (mouse) + CD11b (mouse) + CR-3 alpha chain (mouse) + cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (mouse) + leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (mouse) + mITGAM + protein + Itgam + PR:P05555 + Category=organism-gene. + integrin alpha-M (mouse) + + + + + An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + CD11 antigen-like family member B (mouse) + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + CD11b (mouse) + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + CR-3 alpha chain (mouse) + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (mouse) + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + mITGAM + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Itgam + UniProtKB:P05555 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P06127 + hCD5 + lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 (human) + protein + CD5 + LEU1 + PR:P06127 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 (human) + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P06127 + + + + + hCD5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P06127 + + + + + CD5 + UniProtKB:P06127 + + + + + + LEU1 + UniProtKB:P06127 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P06332 + CD4 (mouse) + T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 (mouse) + T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (mouse) + mCD4 + protein + Cd4 + PR:P06332 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (mouse) + + + + + A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P06332 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD4 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P06332 + + + + + T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P06332 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P06332 + + + + + mCD4 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd4 + UniProtKB:P06332 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P06729 + LFA-2 (human) + LFA-3 receptor (human) + T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (human) + erythrocyte receptor (human) + hCD2 + rosette receptor (human) + protein + CD2 + SRBC + PR:P06729 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface antigen CD2 (human) + + + + + A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:CNA + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + LFA-2 (human) + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + LFA-3 receptor (human) + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (human) + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + erythrocyte receptor (human) + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + hCD2 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + rosette receptor (human) + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + CD2 + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + + SRBC + UniProtKB:P06729 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P07766 + CD3e (human) + T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (human) + hCD3E + protein + CD3E + T3E + PR:P07766 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (human) + + + + + A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:CNA + UniProtKB:P07766 + + + + + CD3e (human) + UniProtKB:P07766 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (human) + UniProtKB:P07766 + + + + + hCD3E + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD3E + UniProtKB:P07766 + + + + + + T3E + UniProtKB:P07766 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P08571 + hCD14 + myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (human) + protein + CD14 + PR:P08571 + Category=organism-gene. + monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (human) + + + + + A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P08571 + + + + + hCD14 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (human) + UniProtKB:P08571 + + + + + CD14 + UniProtKB:P08571 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P08920 + CD2 (mouse) + LFA-2 (mouse) + LFA-3 receptor (mouse) + T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (mouse) + lymphocyte antigen 37 (mouse) + mCD2 + protein + Cd2 + Ly-37 + PR:P08920 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface antigen CD2 (mouse) + + + + + A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P08920 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD2 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + LFA-2 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + LFA-3 receptor (mouse) + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + lymphocyte antigen 37 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + mCD2 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd2 + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + + Ly-37 + UniProtKB:P08920 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P10810 + CD14 (mouse) + mCD14 + myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (mouse) + protein + Cd14 + PR:P10810 + Category=organism-gene. + monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (mouse) + + + + + A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P10810 + PRO:WCB + + + + + CD14 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P10810 + + + + + mCD14 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (mouse) + UniProtKB:P10810 + + + + + Cd14 + UniProtKB:P10810 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P11215 + CD11 antigen-like family member B (human) + CR-3 alpha chain (human) + cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (human) + hITGAM + leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (human) + neutrophil adherence receptor (human) + protein + CD11B + CR3A + ITGAM + PR:P11215 + Category=organism-gene. + integrin alpha-M (human) + + + + + An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + CD11 antigen-like family member B (human) + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + CR-3 alpha chain (human) + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (human) + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + hITGAM + PRO:DNx + + + + + + leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (human) + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + neutrophil adherence receptor (human) + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + CD11B + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + + CR3A + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + + ITGAM + UniProtKB:P11215 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P11836 + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 (human) + Bp35 (human) + hMS4A1 + leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 (human) + membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (human) + protein + CD20 + MS4A1 + PR:P11836 + Category=organism-gene. + B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (human) + + + + + A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 (human) + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + Bp35 (human) + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + hMS4A1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 (human) + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (human) + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + CD20 + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + + MS4A1 + UniProtKB:P11836 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P13379 + CD5 (mouse) + Lyt-1 (mouse) + lymphocyte antigen 1 (mouse) + mCD5 + protein + Cd5 + Ly-1 + PR:P13379 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 (mouse) + + + + + A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P13379 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD5 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13379 + + + + + Lyt-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13379 + + + + + lymphocyte antigen 1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13379 + + + + + mCD5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd5 + UniProtKB:P13379 + + + + + + Ly-1 + UniProtKB:P13379 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P13591 + CD56 (human) + N-CAM-1 (human) + NCAM-1 (human) + hNCAM1 + protein + NCAM + NCAM1 + PR:P13591 + Category=organism-gene. + neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (human) + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:CNA + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + CD56 (human) + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + N-CAM-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + NCAM-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + hNCAM1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + NCAM + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + + NCAM1 + UniProtKB:P13591 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P13595 + CD56 (mouse) + N-CAM-1 (mouse) + NCAM-1 (mouse) + mNCAM1 + protein + Ncam + Ncam1 + PR:P13595 + Category=organism-gene. + neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (mouse) + + + + + A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P13595 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD56 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13595 + + + + + N-CAM-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13595 + + + + + NCAM-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P13595 + + + + + mNCAM1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Ncam + UniProtKB:P13595 + + + + + + Ncam1 + UniProtKB:P13595 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P15391 + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 (human) + T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 (human) + differentiation antigen CD19 (human) + hCD19 + protein + CD19 + PR:P15391 + Category=organism-gene. + B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (human) + + + + + B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 (human) + UniProtKB:P15391 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 (human) + UniProtKB:P15391 + + + + + differentiation antigen CD19 (human) + UniProtKB:P15391 + + + + + hCD19 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD19 + UniProtKB:P15391 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P16871 + CD127 (human) + CDw127 (human) + IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) + IL-7R subunit alpha (human) + IL-7R-alpha (human) + IL-7RA (human) + hIL7R + protein + IL7R + PR:P16871 + Category=organism-gene. + interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) + + + + + An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + CD127 (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + CDw127 (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + IL-7R subunit alpha (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + IL-7R-alpha (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + IL-7RA (human) + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + hIL7R + PRO:DNx + + + + + + IL7R + UniProtKB:P16871 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P16872 + CD127 (mouse) + IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) + IL-7R subunit alpha (mouse) + IL-7R-alpha (mouse) + IL-7RA (mouse) + mIL7R + protein + Il7r + PR:P16872 + Category=organism-gene. + interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) + + + + + An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P16872 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD127 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + IL-7R subunit alpha (mouse) + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + IL-7R-alpha (mouse) + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + IL-7RA (mouse) + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + mIL7R + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Il7r + UniProtKB:P16872 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + Reactome:R-HSA-8956511 + UniProtKB:P17542 + Stem cell protein (human) + T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 (human) + TAL-1 (human) + class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 (human) + hTAL1 + protein + BHLHA17 + SCL + TAL1 + TCL5 + PR:P17542 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (human) + + + + + A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + Reactome:R-HSA-8956511 + PR:P17542 located_in GO:0005654 + + + + + Stem cell protein (human) + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 (human) + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + TAL-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 (human) + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + hTAL1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + BHLHA17 + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + + SCL + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + + TAL1 + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + + TCL5 + UniProtKB:P17542 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P19437 + B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 (mouse) + CD20 (mouse) + lymphocyte antigen 44 (mouse) + mMS4A1 + membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (mouse) + protein + Cd20 + Ly-44 + Ms4a1 + Ms4a2 + PR:P19437 + Category=organism-gene. + B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (mouse) + + + + + A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P19437 + PRO:DNx + + + + + B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + CD20 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + lymphocyte antigen 44 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + mMS4A1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + Cd20 + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + + Ly-44 + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + + Ms4a1 + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + + Ms4a2 + UniProtKB:P19437 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P22091 + Stem cell protein (mouse) + TAL-1 (mouse) + mTAL1 + protein + Scl + Tal-1 + Tal1 + PR:P22091 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 homolog (mouse) + + + + + A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P22091 + PRO:DNx + + + + + Stem cell protein (mouse) + UniProtKB:P22091 + + + + + TAL-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P22091 + + + + + mTAL1 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Scl + UniProtKB:P22091 + + + + + + Tal-1 + UniProtKB:P22091 + + + + + + Tal1 + UniProtKB:P22091 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P22646 + CD3e (mouse) + T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (mouse) + mCD3E + protein + Cd3e + PR:P22646 + Category=organism-gene. + T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (mouse) + + + + + A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P22646 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD3e (mouse) + UniProtKB:P22646 + + + + + T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (mouse) + UniProtKB:P22646 + + + + + mCD3E + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd3e + UniProtKB:P22646 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P25918 + CD19 (mouse) + differentiation antigen CD19 (mouse) + mCD19 + protein + Cd19 + PR:P25918 + Category=organism-gene. + B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (mouse) + + + + + A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P25918 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD19 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P25918 + + + + + differentiation antigen CD19 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P25918 + + + + + mCD19 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd19 + UniProtKB:P25918 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P28906 + hCD34 + protein + CD34 + PR:P28906 + Category=organism-gene. + hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 (human) + + + + + hCD34 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + CD34 + UniProtKB:P28906 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:P33151 + 7B4 antigen (human) + CD144 (human) + VE-cadherin (human) + hCDH5 + vascular endothelial cadherin (human) + protein + CDH5 + PR:P33151 + Category=organism-gene. + cadherin-5 (human) + + + + + A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + 7B4 antigen (human) + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + CD144 (human) + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + VE-cadherin (human) + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + hCDH5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + vascular endothelial cadherin (human) + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + CDH5 + UniProtKB:P33151 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lymphocyte antigen 6G that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P35461 + Ly-6G (mouse) + Ly-6G.1 (mouse) + mLy6g + protein + Ly6g + PR:P35461 + Category=organism-gene. + lymphocyte antigen 6G (mouse) + + + + + A lymphocyte antigen 6G that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + PRO:CNA + UniProtKB:P35461 + + + + + Ly-6G (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35461 + + + + + Ly-6G.1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35461 + + + + + mLy6g + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Ly6g + UniProtKB:P35461 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P35918 + CD309 (mouse) + FLK-1 (mouse) + VEGFR-2 (mouse) + fetal liver kinase 1 (mouse) + kinase NYK (mouse) + mKDR + protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (mouse) + protein + Flk-1 + Flk1 + Kdr + PR:P35918 + Category=organism-gene. + vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (mouse) + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P35918 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD309 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + FLK-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + VEGFR-2 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + fetal liver kinase 1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + kinase NYK (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + mKDR + PRO:DNx + + + + + + protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + Flk-1 + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + + Flk1 + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + + Kdr + UniProtKB:P35918 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. + DTO:03100560 + UniProtKB:P35968 + CD309 (human) + FLK-1 (human) + VEGFR-2 (human) + fetal liver kinase 1 (human) + hKDR + kinase insert domain receptor (human) + protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (human) + protein + FLK1 + KDR + VEGFR2 + PR:P35968 + Category=organism-gene. + vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (human) + + + + + A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:WCB + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + CD309 (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + FLK-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + VEGFR-2 (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + fetal liver kinase 1 (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + hKDR + PRO:DNx + + + + + + kinase insert domain receptor (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (human) + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + FLK1 + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + + KDR + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + + VEGFR2 + UniProtKB:P35968 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P37237 + AIGF (mouse) + FGF-8 (mouse) + androgen-induced growth factor (mouse) + mFGF8 + protein + Aigf + Fgf8 + HBGF-8 (mouse) + heparin-binding growth factor 8 (mouse) + PR:P37237 + Category=organism-gene. + fibroblast growth factor 8 (mouse) + + + + + A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P37237 + PRO:DNx + + + + + AIGF (mouse) + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + FGF-8 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + androgen-induced growth factor (mouse) + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + mFGF8 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Aigf + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + + Fgf8 + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + + HBGF-8 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + heparin-binding growth factor 8 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P37237 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. + HBGF-8 (human) + heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) + UniProtKB:P55075 + FGF-8 (human) + androgen-induced growth factor (human) + hFGF8 + protein + AIGF + FGF8 + PR:P55075 + Category=organism-gene. + fibroblast growth factor 8 (human) + + + + + A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + HBGF-8 (human) + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + FGF-8 (human) + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + androgen-induced growth factor (human) + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + hFGF8 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + AIGF + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + + FGF8 + UniProtKB:P55075 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:P55284 + CD144 (mouse) + VE-cadherin (mouse) + mCDH5 + vascular endothelial cadherin (mouse) + protein + Cdh5 + PR:P55284 + Category=organism-gene. + cadherin-5 (mouse) + + + + + A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:P55284 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD144 (mouse) + UniProtKB:P55284 + + + + + VE-cadherin (mouse) + UniProtKB:P55284 + + + + + mCDH5 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + vascular endothelial cadherin (mouse) + UniProtKB:P55284 + + + + + Cdh5 + UniProtKB:P55284 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. + UniProtKB:Q15465 + HHG-1 (human) + Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) + ShhNC (human) + hSHH + protein + SHH + PR:Q15465 + Category=organism-gene. + sonic hedgehog protein (human) + + + + + A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. + PRO:DNx + UniProtKB:Q15465 + + + + + HHG-1 (human) + UniProtKB:Q15465 + + + + + Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) + UniProtKB:Q15465 + + + + + ShhNC (human) + UniProtKB:Q15465 + + + + + hSHH + PRO:DNx + + + + + + SHH + UniProtKB:Q15465 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:Q62226 + HHG-1 (mouse) + SHH (mouse) + Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (mouse) + ShhNC (mouse) + mSHH + protein + Hhg1 + Shh + PR:Q62226 + Category=organism-gene. + sonic hedgehog protein (mouse) + + + + + A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:Q62226 + PRO:DNx + + + + + HHG-1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + SHH (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + ShhNC (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + mSHH + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Hhg1 + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + + Shh + UniProtKB:Q62226 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:Q62351 + CD71 (mouse) + TfR (mouse) + TfR1 (mouse) + mTFRC + protein + TR (mouse) + Tfrc + Trfr + PR:Q62351 + Category=organism-gene. + transferrin receptor protein 1 (mouse) + + + + + A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:Q62351 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD71 (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + TfR (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + TfR1 (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + mTFRC + PRO:DNx + + + + + + TR (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + Tfrc + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + + Trfr + UniProtKB:Q62351 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + UniProtKB:Q64314 + CD34 (mouse) + mCD34 + protein + Cd34 + PR:Q64314 + Category=organism-gene. + hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 (mouse) + + + + + A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. + OMA:Q64314 + PRO:DNx + + + + + CD34 (mouse) + UniProtKB:Q64314 + + + + + mCD34 + PRO:DNx + + + + + + Cd34 + UniProtKB:Q64314 + + + + + + + + + + A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. + May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 + + http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 + system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. + + + + BFO:0000003 + uberon + UBERON:0000000 + + + processual entity + + + + + An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. + span:ProcessualEntity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FBbt:00005157 + chemosensory sensory organ + uberon + UBERON:0000005 + + + chemosensory organ + + + + + FBbt:00005157 + + + + + + chemosensory sensory organ + FBbt:00005157 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. + + Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] + Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] + A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) + + AAO:0010406 + BTO:0000991 + CALOHA:TS-0741 + EFO:0000856 + EMAPA:32927 + EV:0100130 + FMA:16016 + GAID:324 + MA:0000127 + MAT:0000076 + MESH:D007515 + MIAA:0000076 + NCIT:C12608 + UMLS:C0022131 + VHOG:0000646 + Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans + XAO:0000159 + pancreatic insula + pancreatic islet + uberon + island of Langerhans + island of pancreas + islets of Langerhans + UBERON:0000006 + + + + + islet of Langerhans + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. + MA:0000127 + MESH:A03.734.414 + MP:0005215 + + + + + Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010406 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000646 + VHOG + PMID:7600975 Slack JMW, Developmental biology of the pancreas. Development (1995) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) + PMID:16417468 + + + + + UMLS:C0022131 + ncithesaurus:Islet_of_Langerhans + + + + + island of Langerhans + BTO:0000991 + + + + + island of pancreas + BTO:0000991 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. + submucosal + BTO:0002107 + FMA:85391 + FMA:85392 + NCIT:C13167 + SCTID:68439008 + UMLS:C0225344 + Wikipedia:Submucosa + organ submucosa + region of submucosa + submucosa of organ + submucosa of region of organ + uberon + submucous layer + tela submucosa + tunica submucosa + UBERON:0000009 + + + submucosa + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + + + + + A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Submucosa + + + + + UMLS:C0225344 + ncithesaurus:Submucosa + + + + + organ submucosa + FMA:85391 + + + + + region of submucosa + FMA:85392 + + + + + submucosa of organ + FMA:85391 + + + + + submucosa of region of organ + FMA:85392 + + + + + submucous layer + BTO:0002107 + + + + + tela submucosa + BTO:0002107 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + + Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) + (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + PNS + AAO:0000429 + BAMS:PNS + BILA:0000081 + BIRNLEX:1111 + BTO:0001028 + CALOHA:TS-0808 + EFO:0000891 + EHDAA2:0001445 + EHDAA:2893 + EMAPA:16665 + EV:0100335 + FBbt:00005098 + FMA:9903 + GAID:715 + MA:0000218 + MAT:0000338 + MESH:D017933 + MIAA:0000338 + NCIT:C12465 + SCTID:362292005 + TAO:0000142 + UMLS:C0206417 + UMLS:C1305921 + VHOG:0000399 + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + XAO:0000178 + ZFA:0000142 + neuronames:3232 + pars peripherica + systema nervosum periphericum + uberon + UBERON:0000010 + + + + + + + peripheral nervous system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png + + + + + + cjm + + + + + A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + GO:0007422 + + + + + Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000142 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000429 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cumbo_terms + + + + + (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000399 + VHOG + DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_6 Dupin E, Creuzet S, Le Douarin NM, The contribution of the neural crest to the vertebrate body. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + PNS + + + + + + FBbt:00005098 + + + + + + UMLS:C0206417 + BIRNLEX:1111 + ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System + + + + + UMLS:C1305921 + BIRNLEX:1111 + + + + + pars peripherica + FMA:9903 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + + + + + + systema nervosum periphericum + FMA:9903 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. + Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO] + The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG] + has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest) + AAO:0010487 + BIRNLEX:2516 + BTO:0001832 + CALOHA:TS-2050 + EFO:0000893 + EHDAA2:0001971 + EHDAA:3769 + EMAPA:16985 + FMA:9906 + GAID:710 + MA:0000225 + MESH:D013564 + MIAA:0000100 + NCIT:C12795 + SCTID:362484004 + TAO:0001576 + UMLS:C0039044 + UMLS:C1269646 + VHOG:0000384 + Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system + ZFA:0001576 + pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi + sympathetic nervous system + sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system + uberon + pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi + UBERON:0000013 + + + + + sympathetic nervous system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + FMA + MA + ZFA-modified-from-isa + + + + + The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. + GO:0048485 + + + + + Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010487 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000384 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000384 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.461-463 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0039044 + BIRNLEX:2516 + ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Nervous_System + + + + + UMLS:C1269646 + BIRNLEX:2516 + + + + + pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi + FMA:9906 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi + Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. + Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee + (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] + we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive + EHDAA2:0001844 + EHDAA:6530 + EMAPA:17525 + EV:0100152 + FMA:86166 + GAID:933 + MA:0000151 + MAT:0000284 + MESH:D012867 + MIAA:0000284 + SCTID:20795001 + VHOG:0000860 + Wikipedia:Skin + portion of skin + region of skin + skin + skin region + skin zone + uberon + UBERON:0000014 + + zone of skin + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/HumanSkinDiagram.jpg + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. + Wikipedia:Skin + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000860 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + skin + MA:0000151 + + + + + + + + + A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. + + + + AEO:0000192 + CARO:0000010 + FMA:50705 + anatomical boundary + uberon + UBERON:0000015 + + + Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. + non-material anatomical boundary + + + + + + CARO + + + + + A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. + CARO:0000010 + + + + + anatomical boundary + CARO:0000010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? + + The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] + The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys + BTO:0000650 + CALOHA:TS-1302 + EFO:0002542 + EMAPA:35305 + EV:0100129 + FMA:16018 + MA:0001582 + MESH:D007515 + NCIT:C32509 + SCTID:361339003 + TAO:0001260 + VHOG:0000049 + Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans + ZFA:0001260 + endocrine pancreas + pars endocrina pancreatis + uberon + endocrine part of pancreas + islets of Langerhans part of pancreas + UBERON:0000016 + + + + + + + endocrine pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + AAO + FMA + XAO + + + + + + GO + + + + + + GO + + + + + + GO + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + GO:GO + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000049 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas + + + + + The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001260 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000049 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys + PMID:20959416 + + + + + MESH:D007515 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + endocrine part of pancreas + BTO:0000650 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. + + The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] + The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010407 + BTO:0000434 + CALOHA:TS-1241 + EMAPA:35328 + EV:0100093 + FMA:16017 + MA:0002415 + MESH:D046790 + NCIT:C32546 + SCTID:248202004 + TAO:0001249 + UMLS:C0553695 + VHOG:0000048 + Wikipedia:Exocrine_component_of_pancreas + XAO:0000137 + ZFA:0001249 + exocrine pancreas + pars exocrina pancreatis + uberon + exocrine component of pancreas + exocrine part of pancreas + UBERON:0000017 + + + + + + exocrine pancreas + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. + GOC:GO + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001249 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000048 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000048 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D046790 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0553695 + ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Pancreas + + + + + exocrine part of pancreas + BTO:0000434 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. + The term compound eye is sometimes used for the multi-unit eyes of annelids, bivalves, echinoderms. We follow Richter et al and restrict this class to the arthropod structure for these structures + BTO:0001921 + FBbt:00004508 + HAO:0000217 + IDOMAL:0002421 + TGMA:0000024 + Wikipedia:Compound_eye + uberon + Facettenauge + Komplexauge + adult compound eye + faceted eye + insect eye + zusammengesetztes Auge + UBERON:0000018 + + + compound eye + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/457 + + + + + + + + + + PMID:21062451 + + + + + A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. + FB:gg + Wikipedia:Compound_eye + + + + + The term compound eye is sometimes used for the multi-unit eyes of annelids, bivalves, echinoderms. We follow Richter et al and restrict this class to the arthropod structure for these structures + PMID:21062451 + + + + + FBbt:00004508 + + + + + + IDOMAL:0002421 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + Facettenauge + BTO:0001921 + + + + + Komplexauge + BTO:0001921 + + + + + zusammengesetztes Auge + BTO:0001921 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. + A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this + eye + AAO:0010340 + BIRNLEX:1169 + BTO:0004688 + EHDAA2:0000484 + EHDAA:936 + EMAPA:16198 + FMA:54448 + MA:0000261 + NCIT:C12401 + SCTID:181143004 + TAO:0000107 + UMLS:C0015392 + UMLS:C1280202 + VHOG:0000275 + XAO:0000179 + ZFA:0000107 + regio orbitalis + vertebrate eye + uberon + camera-type eye plus associated structures + eyes + orbital part of face + orbital region + UBERON:0000019 + + + + camera-type eye + + + + + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. + GO:0043010 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000107 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000275 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this + FMA + + + + + eye + FMA:54448 + + + + + UMLS:C0015392 + BIRNLEX:1169 + ncithesaurus:Eye + + + + + UMLS:C1280202 + BIRNLEX:1169 + + + + + regio orbitalis + FMA:54448 + FMA:TA + + + + + + eyes + TAO:0000107 + + + + + + orbital part of face + FMA:54448 + + + + + orbital region + FMA:54448 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. + + AEO:0000094 + BSA:0000121 + BTO:0000202 + CALOHA:TS-2043 + EHDAA2:0001824 + EHDAA:500 + EMAPA:35955 + FBbt:00005155 + GAID:63 + HAO:0000930 + MA:0000017 + MESH:D012679 + NCIT:C33224 + SCTID:244485009 + UMLS:C0935626 + VHOG:0001407 + WBbt:0006929 + organ of sense organ system + organ of sensory organ system + organ of sensory system + sense organ system organ + sensory organ + sensory organ system organ + sensory system organ + sensillum + uberon + Sinnesorgan + sensor + UBERON:0000020 + + sense organ + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png + + + + + An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/549 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00005155 + + + + + + UMLS:C0935626 + ncithesaurus:Organ_of_the_Special_Sense + + + + + organ of sense organ system + OBOL:accepted + + + + + organ of sensory organ system + OBOL:accepted + + + + + organ of sensory system + OBOL:accepted + + + + + sense organ system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sensory organ system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sensory system organ + OBOL:accepted + + + + + sensillum + WBbt:0006929 + + + + + Sinnesorgan + BTO:0000202 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. + not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) + tubular + galen:Tube + anatomical tube + duct + uberon + UBERON:0000025 + tube + + + + + Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. + An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. + Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. + appendicular + this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers + AEO:0000193 + BILA:0000018 + BTO:0001492 + CARO:0010003 + EFO:0000799 + EHDAA2:0003193 + EMAPA:37283 + EV:0100155 + FBbt:00007000 + HAO:0000144 + MAT:0000023 + MESH:D005121 + MIAA:0000023 + NCIT:C61460 + UMLS:C0598782 + VSAO:0000075 + Wikipedia:Appendage + XAO:0000218 + uberon + appendages + extremitaet + extremity + limbs/digits/tail + UBERON:0000026 + + + + appendage + + + + + Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. + CARO:DOS + + + + + An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. + BILA:0000018 + + + + + Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. + GO:0048736 + + + + + EMAPA:37283 + MA:th + + + + + FBbt:00007000 + + + + + + UMLS:C0598782 + ncithesaurus:Appendage + + + + + appendages + XAO:0000218 + + + + + + extremitaet + BTO:0001492 + + + + + limbs/digits/tail + MP:0000001 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. + BTO:0002330 + FMA:62517 + NCIT:C32918 + SCTID:298225002 + UMLS:C1179187 + Wikipedia:Lamina_propria + lamina propria mucosa + lamina propria mucosae + uberon + tunica propria + UBERON:0000030 + + lamina propria + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/GI_Organization.svg + + + + + A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. + Wikipedia:Lamina_propria + + + + + UMLS:C1179187 + ncithesaurus:Lamina_Propria + + + + + tunica propria + BTO:0002330 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. + EMAPA:35877 + FMA:265157 + MA:0001858 + NCIT:C49305 + UMLS:C1710457 + lamina propria mucosa of trachea + lamina propria mucosa of windpipe + lamina propria mucosae of trachea + lamina propria mucosae of windpipe + lamina propria of windpipe + trachea lamina propria + trachea lamina propria mucosa + trachea lamina propria mucosae + tracheal lamina propria + windpipe lamina propria + windpipe lamina propria mucosa + windpipe lamina propria mucosae + uberon + UBERON:0000031 + lamina propria of trachea + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1710457 + ncithesaurus:Trachea_Lamina_Propria + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. + + Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] + Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010335 + AEO:0000106 + BILA:0000115 + BIRNLEX:1230 + BTO:0000282 + CALOHA:TS-0436 + EFO:0000964 + EHDAA2:0003106 + EMAPA:31858 + FMA:7154 + GAID:61 + HAO:0000397 + MA:0000023 + MAT:0000294 + MESH:D006257 + MIAA:0000294 + NCIT:C12419 + SCTID:302548004 + SPD:0000016 + TAO:0001114 + TGMA:0000002 + UMLS:C0018670 + VHOG:0001644 + WBbt:0005739 + Wikipedia:Head + XAO:0003024 + ZFA:0001114 + galen:Head + head (volume) + adult head + uberon + cephalic area + UBERON:0000033 + + + + + head + + + + + The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. + GO:0060322 + Wikipedia:Head + + + + + Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010335 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001114 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001644 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.82 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018670 + BIRNLEX:1230 + ncithesaurus:Head + + + + + head (volume) + FMA:7154 + + + + + cephalic area + SPD:0000016 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. + A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] + a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] + in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. + + FMA:9581 + GAID:19 + MESH:D012704 + NCIT:C13169 + SCTID:362878009 + TAO:0005425 + UMLS:C0036760 + Wikipedia:Serous_membrane + ZFA:0005425 + tunica serosa + wall of serous sac + uberon + serosa + UBERON:0000042 + + + serous membrane + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. + Wikipedia:Serous_membrane + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005425 + TAO + Wikipedia:Serous_membrane + + + + + a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] + Wikipedia:Serous_membrane + + + + + in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0036760 + ncithesaurus:Serosa + + + + + tunica serosa + FMA:9581 + + + + + + wall of serous sac + FMA:9581 + + + + + serosa + Wikipedia:Serous_membrane + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. + Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] + Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] + in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis + AEO:0000091 + BTO:0001356 + CALOHA:TS-1021 + EHDAA2:0003091 + EMAPA:35854 + EV:0100149 + FMA:9721 + GAID:276 + MA:0000115 + MESH:D013710 + NCIT:C13045 + SCTID:256667004 + UMLS:C0039508 + VHOG:0001286 + VSAO:0000073 + Wikipedia:Tendon + XAO:0000173 + ZFA:0005647 + galen:Tendon + uberon + sinew + tendo + UBERON:0000043 + + + tendon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + OG + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000073 + Wikipedia:Tendon + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000073 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001286 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00241-6 Summers AP, Koob TJ, The evolution of tendon - morphology and material properties. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology (2002) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0039508 + ncithesaurus:Tendon + + + + + sinew + Wikipedia:Tendon + + + + + tendo + Wikipedia:Tendon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. + TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. + + A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures + Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] + Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NLXANAT:100302]. + Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + ganglionic + + AAO:0010426 + AEO:0000135 + BAMS:G + BTO:0000497 + CALOHA:TS-0397 + EFO:0000899 + EHDAA2:0003135 + EHDAA:2897 + EHDAA:4662 + EHDAA:5621 + EHDAA:918 + EMAPA:32846 + EV:0100372 + FMA:5884 + MA:0002406 + MAT:0000207 + MAT:0000343 + MESH:D005724 + MIAA:0000207 + MIAA:0000343 + NCIT:C12719 + NLXANAT:100302 + TAO:0000190 + TGMA:0001016 + UMLS:C0017067 + VHOG:0000156 + WBbt:0005189 + Wikipedia:Ganglion + XAO:0000209 + ZFA:0000190 + uberon + ganglia + neural ganglion + UBERON:0000045 + + + + + + ganglion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2495#issuecomment-1187364719 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. + Wikipedia:Ganglion + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 + + + + + A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures + PMID:21062451 + + + + + Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010426 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000190 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NLXANAT:100302]. + NLXANAT:100302 + + + + + Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000156 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.021 Mazet F, Hutt JA, Milloz J, Millard J, Graham A, Shimeld SM, Molecular evidence from Ciona intestinalis for the evolutionary origin of vertebrate sensory placodes. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0017067 + ncithesaurus:Ganglion + + + + + neural ganglion + BTO:0000497 + + + + + + + + + An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. + TGMA:0000729 + Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes + uberon + UBERON:0000047 + + + simple eye + + + + + An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. + Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. + + uberon + UBERON:0000055 + + + + vessel + + + + + A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. + A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. + Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. + AAO:0011123 + FBbt:00100314 + FMA:30320 + NCIT:C12948 + SCTID:91726008 + TAO:0005171 + UMLS:C0687028 + Wikipedia:Duct_(anatomy) + XAO:0004000 + ZFA:0005171 + galen:Duct + anatomical duct + exocrine duct + exocrine gland duct + uberon + ducts + UBERON:0000058 + + duct + + + + + A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm#ducts + + + + + A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. + ZFA:0005171 + + + + + FBbt:00100314 + + + + + + UMLS:C0687028 + ncithesaurus:Duct + + + + + ducts + XAO:0004000 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. + + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010396 + BTO:0000706 + CALOHA:TS-1306 + EFO:0000840 + EMAPA:19252 + EV:0100077 + FMA:7201 + GAID:306 + MA:0000333 + MESH:D007420 + MIAA:0000046 + NCIT:C12379 + SCTID:181254001 + UMLS:C0021851 + VHOG:0000054 + Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) + XAO:0000131 + galen:LargeIntestine + uberon + intestinum crassum + UBERON:0000059 + + + + + + large intestine + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/SBU_F_Intestine_Large.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_F_Intestine_Large.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_M_Intestine_Large.glb + + + + + + cjm + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) + + + + + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000054 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0021851 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestine + + + + + intestinum crassum + BTO:0000706 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. + in FMA, serosa is a wall + UBERON:0009915 + wall + EMAPA:25036 + FMA:82482 + galen:Wall + wall of organ + uberon + organ wall + UBERON:0000060 + + anatomical wall + + + + + Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. + FMA:82482 + + + + + in FMA, serosa is a wall + FMA + + + + + wall of organ + FMA:82482 + + + + + organ wall + FMA:82482 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + + + + AAO:0010825 + AEO:0000003 + BILA:0000003 + CARO:0000003 + EHDAA2:0003003 + EMAPA:0 + FBbt:00007001 + FMA:305751 + FMA:67135 + GAID:781 + HAO:0000003 + MA:0003000 + MESH:D000825 + SCTID:362889002 + TAO:0000037 + TGMA:0001823 + VHOG:0001759 + XAO:0003000 + ZFA:0000037 + http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure + biological structure + connected biological structure + uberon + UBERON:0000061 + + + anatomical structure + + + + + Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. + CARO:0000003 + + + + + FBbt:00007001 + + + + + + connected biological structure + CARO:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. + + + + + Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 + BIRNLEX:4 + CARO:0020004 + EFO:0000634 + EMAPA:35949 + ENVO:01000162 + FMA:67498 + MA:0003001 + NCIT:C13018 + SCTID:272625005 + UMLS:C0178784 + WBbt:0003760 + Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) + uberon + anatomical unit + body organ + element + UBERON:0000062 + + + organ + + + + + + PMID:28192867 + + + + + Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. + Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. + GO:0048513 + + + + + UMLS:C0178784 + ncithesaurus:Organ + + + + + element + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. + FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction + Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. + Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. + FMA:86140 + uberon + organ region with fixed fiat boundary + organ segment + segment of organ + UBERON:0000063 + + organ subunit + + + + + A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. + FMA:86140 + 3 + + + + + Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. + FMA:86140 + 1 + + + + + organ region with fixed fiat boundary + FMA:86140 + + + + + organ segment + FMA:86140 + + + + + segment of organ + FMA:86140 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. + currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future + + + + AAO:0011124 + BIRNLEX:16 + EFO:0000635 + FMA:82472 + SCTID:113343008 + SCTID:91717005 + cardinal organ part + uberon + regional part of organ + UBERON:0000064 + + + + + organ part + + + + + A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cardinal organ part + FMA:82472 + + + + + regional part of organ + BIRNLEX:16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. + + EHDAA2:0001606 + EHDAA:1568 + EHDAA:2219 + EMAPA:16737 + FMA:265130 + SCTID:361110005 + VHOG:0000393 + uberon + UBERON:0000065 + + respiratory tract + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10107 + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. + adult stage + BTO:0001043 + BilaDO:0000004 + EFO:0001272 + FBdv:00005369 + WBls:0000041 + XtroDO:0000084 + fully formed animal stage + juvenile-adult stage + uberon + UBERON:0000066 + + fully formed stage + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/566 + + + + + The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. + BilaDO:0000002 + EV:0300001 + FBdv:00005289 + FMA:72652 + HsapDv:0000002 + MmusDv:0000002 + OGES:000000 + OGES:000022 + SCTID:296280003 + WBls:0000003 + WBls:0000092 + WBls:0000102 + XAO:1000012 + embryonic stage + uberon + embryogenesis + UBERON:0000068 + embryo stage + + + + + A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. + Uberon includes clade-specific subclasses, e.g. nematod larva + + It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form + BTO:0000915 + BTO:0000954 + EFO:0001303 + FBdv:00005336 + MIAA:0000400 + OGES:000008 + Wikipedia:Larva + ZFS:0000048 + larva stage + ammocoete + ammocoete stage + bipinnaria + bipinnaria stage + caterpillar + caterpillar stage + glochidium + glochidium stage + grub + grub stage + leptocephalus + leptocephalus stage + maggot + maggot stage + metacestode + naiad, nymph + naiad, nymph stage + nauplius + nauplius stage + nymph + nymph stage + planula + planula stage + tornaria + trochophore + trochophore stage + veliger + veliger stage + wriggler + wriggler stage + zoea + zoea stage + uberon + larva + UBERON:0000069 + + larval stage + + + + + A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form + WP + + + + + ammocoete + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + ammocoete stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + bipinnaria + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + bipinnaria stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + caterpillar + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + caterpillar stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + glochidium + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + glochidium stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + grub + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + grub stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + leptocephalus + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + leptocephalus stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + maggot + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + maggot stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + metacestode + BTO:0000859 + + + + + + naiad, nymph + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + naiad, nymph stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + nauplius + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + nauplius stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + nymph + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + nymph stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + planula + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + planula stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + tornaria + NCBITaxon:10219 + + + + + + trochophore + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + trochophore stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + veliger + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + veliger stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + wriggler + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + wriggler stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + zoea + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + zoea stage + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + End of the life of an organism. + + + + ncit:Death is an outcome + XAO:0000437 + XtroDO:0000085 + uberon + death + UBERON:0000071 + + death stage + + + + + End of the life of an organism. + XAO:0000437 + + + + + ncit:Death is an outcome + ncit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An section of a respiratory tract. + MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole + EMAPA:16737 + FMA:45660 + MA:0000434 + uberon + respiratory tract + subdivision of respiratory tract + UBERON:0000072 + + proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract + + + + + An section of a respiratory tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole + MA + + + + + respiratory tract + MA:0000434 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. + + 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z + BIRNLEX:1157 + NCIT:C13040 + SCTID:25087005 + UMLS:C1518256 + part of nervous system + uberon + UBERON:0000073 + + + regional part of nervous system + + + + + Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. + BIRNLEX:1157 + + + + + UMLS:C1518256 + ncithesaurus:Nervous_System_Part + + + + + part of nervous system + BIRNLEX:1157 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. + UBERON:0010322 + FMA:85544 + NCIT:C34076 + SCTID:118966000 + UMLS:C1519343 + galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure + skeletal system subdivision + uberon + skeletal system part + UBERON:0000075 + + subdivision of skeletal system + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1519343 + ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part + + + + + skeletal system subdivision + FMA:85544 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. + merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) + + (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis + BTO:0006242 + EHDAA2:0001968 + EHDAA:1494 + EHDAA:350 + EHDAA:4784 + EHDAA:4790 + EHDAA:4796 + EHDAA:7860 + EMAPA:16096 + FMA:87656 + NCIT:C34309 + UMLS:C1515087 + Wikipedia:External_ectoderm + surface (external) ectoderm + surface ectoderm + uberon + UBERON:0000076 + + external ectoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ectoderm.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. + MGI:anna + MP:0012532 + + + + + BTO:0006242 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C1515087 + ncithesaurus:Surface_Ectoderm + + + + + surface ectoderm + MP:0012532 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. + Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple + uberon + UBERON:0000077 + + mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple + uberon + UBERON:0000078 + + mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. + EHDAA2 has embryo starting later + BTO:0001508 + EHDAA2:0000005 + FMA:292334 + GAID:1295 + MESH:D009028 + NCIT:C34212 + SCTID:361474003 + UMLS:C0026573 + Wikipedia:Morula + uberon + morula (2-16 cells) + UBERON:0000085 + + morula + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. + MP:0012130 + + + + + EHDAA2 has embryo starting later + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C0026573 + ncithesaurus:Morula + + + + + morula (2-16 cells) + EHDAA2:0000005 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. + + Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] + zona pellucida - vitelline membrane + BTO:0003135 + EHDAA2:0002220 + EHDAA:31 + EHDAA:62 + EMAPA:16035 + FMA:18674 + GAID:410 + MA:0001715 + MESH:D015044 + NCIT:C33896 + TAO:0001111 + UMLS:C0043519 + VHOG:0000720 + Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida + ZFA:0001111 + uberon + oolemma + pellucid zone + striated membrane + vitelline envelope + vitelline membrane + zona radiata + zona striata + UBERON:0000086 + + + + zona pellucida + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png + + + + + A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. + Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida + + + + + Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000720 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.159 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + zona pellucida - vitelline membrane + VHOG:0000720 + + + + + UMLS:C0043519 + ncithesaurus:Zona_Pellucida + + + + + oolemma + BTO:0003135 + + + + + pellucid zone + BTO:0003135 + + + + + striated membrane + BTO:0003135 + + + + + zona radiata + BTO:0003135 + + + + + zona striata + BTO:0003135 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. + A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] + A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] + This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred.The ICM lies within the blastocyst cavity and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass] + EFO:0000547 + EHDAA2:0000830 + EHDAA:40 + EMAPA:16041 + FMA:86557 + NCIT:C13740 + SCTID:361456007 + UMLS:C1283994 + VHOG:0000742 + Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass + uberon + ICM + early embryoblast + embryoblast + embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior + pluriblast + UBERON:0000087 + + + + inner cell mass + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:pvb + + + + + A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000742 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000742 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.144 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1283994 + ncithesaurus:Inner_Cell_Mass + + + + + ICM + VHOG:0000742 + + + + + early embryoblast + FMA:86557 + + + + + embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior + Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. + the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP] + trophoblastic + The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta + BTO:0001079 + CALOHA:TS-1070 + EV:0100120 + FMA:83029 + GAID:1152 + MESH:D014327 + NCIT:C93292 + SCTID:362839005 + UMLS:C0041178 + Wikipedia:Trophoblast + trophoblast layer + uberon + massa cellularis externa + trophoblastus + trophoderm + UBERON:0000088 + + + Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast] + trophoblast + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + + + + + + + + + + MP-def + PMID:19829370 + + + + + The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005031 + + + + + the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP] + 2012-08-23 + MP:0005031 + trophoblast layer + MP + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + + + + + The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta + PMID:19829370 + + + + + UMLS:C0041178 + ncithesaurus:Trophoblast + + + + + trophoblast layer + MP:0005031 + + + + + massa cellularis externa + Wikipedia:Trophoblast + + + + + + trophoblastus + Wikipedia:Trophoblast + + + + + + trophoderm + BTO:0001079 + + + + + + + + + + A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. + embryonic disc + embryonic shield + germinal disc + germinal disk + FMA:293863 + NCIT:C34112 + UMLS:C1283997 + Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc + bilaminary embryonic disc + bilaminary germ disc + uberon + bilaminar disk + UBERON:0000091 + + + bilaminar disc + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. + MP:0003886 + + + + + embryonic disc + MP:0003886 + + + + + embryonic shield + MP:0003886 + + + + + germinal disc + MP:0003886 + + + + + germinal disk + MP:0003886 + + + + + UMLS:C1283997 + ncithesaurus:Bilaminar_Embryonic_Disc + + + + + bilaminary germ disc + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + bilaminar disk + Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. + In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) + BilaDO:0000003 + OGES:000010 + OGES:000014 + OGES:000024 + WBls:0000022 + WBls:0000093 + WBls:0000103 + postembryonic stage + post-hatching stage + uberon + postembryonic + UBERON:0000092 + post-embryonic stage + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/344 + + + + + Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. + + 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z + membrane + FMA:7145 + membrane of organ + uberon + UBERON:0000094 + membrane organ + + + + + + + + + + FMA-def + + + + + Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. + FMA:7145 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. + A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[DOI:10.1242/dev.091751]. + ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. + + 2009-07-30T07:57:38Z + TAO:0002173 + Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest + XAO:0004190 + ZFA:0001648 + uberon + cardiac neural crest complex + complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus + UBERON:0000095 + + cardiac neural crest + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. + Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest + + + + + A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[DOI:10.1242/dev.091751]. + DOI:10.1242/dev.091751 + + + + + ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. + ZFA + + + + + cardiac neural crest complex + Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest + + + + + complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus + Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. + EMAPA:36281 + FMA:7311 + MA:0003098 + NCIT:C34021 + SCTID:245524004 + UMLS:C0225752 + galen:LobeOfLung + lung lobe + pulminory lobe + pulmonary lobe + uberon + UBERON:0000101 + + lobe of lung + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. + GOC:GO + + + + + UMLS:C0225752 + ncithesaurus:Lung_Lobe + + + + + pulmonary lobe + FMA:7311 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. + FMA:73750 + lung vascular network + pulmonary vasculature + vascular network of lung + vasculature of lung + uberon + UBERON:0000102 + + lung vasculature + + + + + The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. + GOC:GO + + + + + lung vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary vasculature + FMA:73750 + + + + + vascular network of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vasculature of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. + + + + FBdv:00000000 + HsapDv:0000001 + MmusDv:0000001 + OGES:000011 + ncithesaurus:Life + entire life cycle + entire lifespan + life + lifespan + uberon + UBERON:0000104 + + + life cycle + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/532 + + + + + An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. + this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here + + + + the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages + we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage + BILS:0000105 + EFO:0000399 + FBdv:00007012 + FMA:24120 + HsapDv:0000000 + MESH:D008018 + MmusDv:0000000 + OlatDv:0000010 + PdumDv:0000090 + WBls:0000002 + XAO:1000000 + ZFS:0000000 + ZFS:0100000 + ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage + developmental stage + stage + uberon + UBERON:0000105 + + + + life cycle stage + + + + + A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. + As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] + BILS:0000106 + BilaDO:0000005 + EFO:0001322 + EHDAA:27 + FBdv:00005288 + IDOMAL:0000302 + NCIT:C12601 + PdumDv:0000100 + VHOG:0000745 + Wikipedia:Zygote + XAO:1000001 + ZFS:0000001 + 1-cell stage + fertilized egg stage + one cell stage + uberon + fertilized egg stage + one-cell stage + zygote + zygotum + UBERON:0000106 + + zygote stage + + + + + + A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. + Wikipedia:Zygote + + + + + As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000745 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.107 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + IDOMAL:0000302 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + fertilized egg stage + BTO:0000854 + + + + + one-cell stage + VHOG:0000745 + + + + + zygote + VHOG:0000745 + + + + + zygotum + Wikipedia:Zygote + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. + BILS:0000107 + BilaDO:0000006 + EFO:0001290 + FBdv:00000054 + MESH:D002970 + MmusDv:0000004 + OGES:000015 + OGES:000020 + PdumDv:0000200 + Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo) + XAO:1000004 + ZFS:0000046 + uberon + UBERON:0000107 + + cleavage stage + + + + + The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. + GO:0040016 + Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. + consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage + BILS:0000108 + BilaDO:0000007 + EFO:0001282 + HsapDv:0000006 + MmusDv:0000007 + OGES:000003 + OGES:000016 + OGES:000021 + WBls:0000005 + Wikipedia:Blastula + XAO:1000003 + ZFS:0000045 + uberon + UBERON:0000108 + + blastula stage + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + + + + + An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. + Wikipedia:Blastula + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + BILS:0000109 + BilaDO:0000008 + EFO:0001296 + FBdv:00005317 + HsapDv:0000010 + MmusDv:0000013 + OGES:000004 + OGES:000019 + WBls:0000010 + XAO:1000005 + ZFS:0000047 + uberon + blastocystis trilaminaris stage + trilaminar blastocyst stage + trilaminar blastoderm stage + trilaminar disk stage + trilaminar germ stage + trilaminar stage + UBERON:0000109 + + gastrula stage + + + + + + + + + + BILS + + + + + A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. + GO:0007369 + + + + + blastocystis trilaminaris stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar blastocyst stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar blastoderm stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar disk stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar germ stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar stage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. + + In zebrafish, the times of neurulation and segmentation overlap so extensively there is no distinct neurula period of development, such as occurs largely before segmentation in amphibian embryos. + BILS:0000110 + BilaDO:0000009 + HsapDv:0000012 + MmusDv:0000017 + XAO:1000006 + uberon + UBERON:0000110 + neurula stage + https://github.com/obophenotype/developmental-stage-ontologies/issues/84 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/343 + + + + + Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. + GO:0001841 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. + BILS:0000111 + BilaDO:0000010 + HsapDv:0000015 + MmusDv:0000018 + OGES:000005 + OGES:000032 + Wikipedia:Organogenesis + uberon + segmentation stage + UBERON:0000111 + organogenesis stage + https://github.com/obophenotype/developmental-stage-ontologies/issues/84 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/533 + + + + + A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. + Wikipedia:Organogenesis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. + + it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces + EMAPA:35521 + FMA:27533 + MA:0001782 + SCTID:201609008 + connective tissue of lung + pulmonary interstitium + uberon + lung interstitial tissue + lung interstitium + pulmonary connective tissue + pulmonary interstitial tissue + UBERON:0000114 + + + lung connective tissue + + + + + The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:anna + MP:0002276 + PMID:14635660 + + + + + connective tissue of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary interstitium + FMA:27533 + + + + + lung interstitial tissue + MA:0001782 + + + + + pulmonary connective tissue + EMAPA:35521 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial layer of the lung. + A pseudostratified epithelium, containing basal cells, stem cells of the airway, submucosal glands and cartilage rings, is limited to the trachea and large lobar airways in the mouse (Morrisey and Hogan, 2010). This more complex epithelium extends to terminal bronchioles in the human[DOI:10.1242/dev.115469] + BTO:0001653 + EMAPA:32860 + MA:0001783 + epithelial tissue of lung + epithelium of lung + lung epithelial tissue + uberon + pulmonary epithelium + UBERON:0000115 + + lung epithelium + + + + + The epithelial layer of the lung. + MP:0006382 + + + + + epithelial tissue of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lung epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary epithelium + BTO:0001653 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. + in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) + EMAPA:37946 + FMA:12224 + segment of tracheobronchial tree + respiratory conducting tube + segment of tracheobronchial tree + tracheobronchial tree segment + uberon + airway + UBERON:0000117 + respiratory tube + + + + + A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. + GO:0030323 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) + GO + + + + + EMAPA:37946 + MA:th + + + + + segment of tracheobronchial tree + FMA:12224 + + + + + respiratory conducting tube + MP:0004391 + + + + + segment of tracheobronchial tree + FMA:12224 + + + + + tracheobronchial tree segment + FMA:12224 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. + clarify successors - include bronchi? + BTO:0001643 + EHDAA2:0004089 + NCIT:C34260 + NCIT:C34282 + SCTID:361427007 + UMLS:C1514420 + UMLS:C1514897 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_bud + uberon + gemma pulmonalis + gemma respiratoria + lung bud + primary lung bud + respiratory diverticulum + UBERON:0000118 + + lung bud + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray948.png + + + + + + + + + + GO:0060441 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. + GO:0060431 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_bud + + + + + UMLS:C1514420 + ncithesaurus:Primary_Bronchial_Bud + + + + + UMLS:C1514897 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Diverticulum + + + + + gemma pulmonalis + Wikipedia:Lung_buds + + + + + + gemma respiratoria + Wikipedia:Lung_buds + + + + + + lung bud + + + + + + primary lung bud + GO:0060572 + + + + + respiratory diverticulum + Wikipedia:Lung_buds + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. + UBERON:0005163 + CARO:0001001 + FBbt:00005099 + NLX:147821 + funiculus + nerve fiber bundle + neural fiber bundle + uberon + UBERON:0000122 + neuron projection bundle + + + + + A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. + CARO:0001001 + FBC:DOS + FBbt:00005099 + + + + + FBbt:00005099 + + + + + + nerve fiber bundle + FBbt:00005099 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). + Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. + Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate. + nucleus + AEO:0000136 + FMA:83686 + NCIT:C13197 + NLX:28443 + Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy) + nervous system nucleus + neuraxis nucleus + neuronal nucleus + nucleus of CNS + uberon + nucleus of neuraxis + UBERON:0000125 + + neural nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CUMBO + + + + + + we limit this structure by definition to chordate and vertebrate nervous systems + + + + + A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). + NLX:28443 + + + + + Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. + GO_REF:0000021 + + + + + neuraxis nucleus + FMA:83686 + + + + + neuronal nucleus + AEO:0000136 + + + + + nucleus of CNS + NLX:28443 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. + EMAPA:37066 + FMA:54501 + NLX:28532 + SCTID:280160003 + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus + cranial neural nucleus + nucleus of cranial nerve + uberon + nucleus nervi cranialis + UBERON:0000126 + cranial nerve nucleus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png + + + + + Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. + NLX:28532 + + + + + EMAPA:37066 + MA:th + + + + + cranial neural nucleus + FMA:54501 + + + + + nucleus nervi cranialis + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0000153 + anterior region of body + + + + + + lexical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0000154 + posterior region of body + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. + membrane + FMA:30322 + FMA:82500 + MESH:D008566 + NCIT:C12749 + membranous organ component + uberon + UBERON:0000158 + membranous layer + + + + + A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. + ncithesaurus:Membrane + + + + + membranous organ component + FMA:82500 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. + requires alignment with EHDAA2 and complete developmental relationships + + BTO:0001978 + CALOHA:TS-2160 + EMAPA:18256 + FMA:15703 + MA:0000330 + MESH:D001003 + NCIT:C12375 + SCTID:245438008 + UMLS:C0227411 + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + galen:AnalCanal + anal canal + anal canal viewed anatomically + anatomical anal canal + uberon + anal pad + anus + canalis analis + cloaca + cloacal chamber + mesenteron + pars analis recti + UBERON:0000159 + + + + anal canal + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gray1078.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipathways:WP2062 + + + + + The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + + + + + MESH:D001003 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0227411 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Canal + + + + + canalis analis + BTO:0001978 + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + + + + + + pars analis recti + BTO:0001978 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. + This class is probably too inclusive + Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] + The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + intestinal + In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. + AAO:0000246 + ANISEED:1235303 + BSA:0000093 + BTO:0000648 + CALOHA:TS-0490 + EFO:0000834 + EMAPA:32874 + EV:0100071 + FMA:7199 + GAID:295 + MA:0000328 + MA:0001524 + MESH:D007422 + MIAA:0000043 + NCIT:C12736 + SCTID:256876008 + TAO:0001338 + UMLS:C0021853 + VHOG:0000056 + WBbt:0005772 + Wikipedia:Intestine + XAO:0000129 + ZFA:0001338 + galen:Intestine + bowel + uberon + intestinal tract + UBERON:0000160 + + + + + intestine + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. + GOC:GO + Wikipedia:Intestine + + + + + Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000246 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000056 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0021853 + ncithesaurus:Intestine + + + + + + + + + Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. + in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit + anatomical ostium + ostium + FMA:3724 + SCTID:91837002 + anatomical orifice + hilum + uberon + UBERON:0000161 + orifice + + + + + Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. + FMA:3724 + + + + + in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit + FMA + + + + + anatomical ostium + FMA:3724 + + + + + anatomical orifice + FMA:3724 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. + adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca + + A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] + Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] + A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + cloacal + Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs + hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. + AAO:0000095 + GAID:1206 + MESH:D002988 + NCIT:C34127 + SCTID:362857006 + SCTID:370631000 + UMLS:C0008987 + VHOG:0001186 + Wikipedia:Cloaca + XAO:0000244 + ZFA:0005781 + uberon + cloacal chamber + vent + UBERON:0000162 + cloaca + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + AAO + + + + + Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Cloaca + + + + + + most adult placentals have no trace of a cloaca. However, the tenrecs and golden moles, small placental mammals native to Africa, retain a cloaca as adults. + + + + + A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001186 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cloaca + + + + + Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000095 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001186 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.572 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0008987 + ncithesaurus:Cloaca + + + + + cloacal chamber + AAO:0000095 + + + + + vent + XAO:0000244 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. + this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals. + EHDAA2:0000256 + EHDAA:4895 + EMAPA:27573 + Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology) + uberon + cloaca + UBERON:0000163 + + embryonic cloaca + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. + MP:0010115 + Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology) + + + + + cloaca + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). + Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] + Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] + oral + some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives + in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips + AAO:0010355 + BTO:0001090 + BTO:0004698 + CALOHA:TS-1315 + EFO:0000825 + EHDAA2:0001326 + EHDAA:542 + EMAPA:16262 + FBbt:00003126 + FMA:49184 + GAID:75 + MA:0000341 + MA:0002474 + MAT:0000038 + MESH:D009055 + MIAA:0000038 + SCTID:21082005 + TADS:0000040 + TAO:0000547 + TAO:0000590 + TGMA:0000131 + VHOG:0000280 + VHOG:0000812 + Wikipedia:Mouth + XAO:0003029 + ZFA:0000547 + ZFA:0000590 + galen:Mouth + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg + regio oralis + adult mouth + uberon + cavital oralis + cavitas oris + cavum oris + mouth cavity + oral region + oral vestibule + rima oris + stoma + stomatodaeum + trophic apparatus + vestibule of mouth + vestibulum oris + UBERON:0000165 + + + + + + mouth + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/661 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg + + + + + + the mouth contains structures such as jaw skeleton that may not strictly be considered tract parts + + + + + The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). + Wikipedia:Mouth + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract + + + + + Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010355 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000812 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00003126 + + + + + + regio oralis + BTO:0004698 + FMA:49184 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cavital oralis + Wikipedia:Mouth + + + + + + cavitas oris + BTO:0001090 + + + + + cavum oris + BTO:0001090 + + + + + mouth cavity + BTO:0001090 + + + + + oral region + EHDAA2:0001326 + + + + + oral vestibule + BTO:0001090 + + + + + rima oris + BTO:0001090 + + + + + stomatodaeum + VHOG:0000812 + + + + + trophic apparatus + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vestibule of mouth + BTO:0001090 + + + + + vestibulum oris + BTO:0001090 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. + (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] + FMA:59806 + oral fissure + oral orifice + uberon + mouth + oral part of face + UBERON:0000166 + + + oral opening + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract + + + + + (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000280 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.06.002 Christiaen L, Jaszczyszyn Y, Kerfant M, Kanob S, Thermes V, Joly JS, Evolutionary modification of mouth position in deuterostomes. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + oral fissure + FMA:59806 + + + + + oral orifice + FMA:59806 + + + + + mouth + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). + Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] + The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] + Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000053 + AAO:0000960 + BSA:0000107 + CALOHA:TS-1315 + EFO:0001975 + EHDAA2:0001324 + EHDAA:6970 + EMAPA:17411 + EMAPA:18399 + EV:0100057 + FMA:20292 + HAO:0000669 + MESH:D009055 + NCIT:C12421 + SCTID:181220002 + TAO:0001027 + TGMA:0000102 + UMLS:C0226896 + VHOG:0000188 + WBbt:0005255 + XAO:0000126 + ZFA:0001027 + buccal cavity + cavity of mouth + uberon + bucca + UBERON:0000167 + + + + oral cavity + + + + + Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). + ISBN:0073040584 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000960 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000188 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral+cavity + + + + + Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000188 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.32 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D009055 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0226896 + ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity + + + + + buccal cavity + FMA:20292 + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. + FMA:222905 + uberon + segment of colon + UBERON:0000168 + + proximal-distal subdivision of colon + + + + + + 4 + cjm + + + + + A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + segment of colon + FMA:222905 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. + + FMA:68877 + lungs + lungs pair + pulmones + set of lungs + uberon + UBERON:0000170 + + + pair of lungs + + + + + + + + + + FMA-abduced + + + + + The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pulmones + FMA:68877 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. + EMAPA:17607 + SCTID:272626006 + SPD:0000428 + TGMA:0001247 + apparatus respiratorius organ + breathing organ + organ of apparatus respiratorius + organ of respiratory system + respiratory organ + respiratory system organ + uberon + gas exchange organ + UBERON:0000171 + + + respiration organ + + + + + Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. + GO:0007585 + + + + + apparatus respiratorius organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + UBERON:0000324 + UBERON:0007550 + AEO:0000184 + BTO:0000491 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 + ENVO:02000022 + FMA:9674 + galen:Excretion + excreted substance + portion of excreted substance + waste substance + uberon + excretion + UBERON:0000174 + excreta + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + GO:0007588 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + portion of excreted substance + FMA:9674 + + + + + waste substance + AEO:0000184 + + + + + excretion + BTO:0000491 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. + This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. + + A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] + + + AAO:0000046 + BTO:0000089 + CALOHA:TS-0079 + EFO:0000296 + EHDAA2:0000176 + EHDAA:418 + EMAPA:16332 + ENVO:02000027 + EV:0100047 + FMA:9670 + GAID:965 + MA:0000059 + MESH:D001769 + MIAA:0000315 + NCIT:C12434 + TAO:0000007 + UMLS:C0005767 + VHOG:0000224 + Wikipedia:Blood + XAO:0000124 + ZFA:0000007 + galen:Blood + portion of blood + vertebrate blood + uberon + whole blood + UBERON:0000178 + + + + + + blood + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CL:tm + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1330 + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. + FMA:9670 + Wikipedia:Blood + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/9 + + + + + A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000007 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000046 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000046 + AAO + + + + + Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000224 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0005767 + ncithesaurus:Blood + + + + + whole blood + BTO:0000089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. + + 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z + CARO:0000081 + uberon + blood or blood analog + circulating fluid + UBERON:0000179 + haemolymphatic fluid + + + + + Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. + + fused in humans, paired in other animals + In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993). + AAO:0000206 + EMAPA:19016 + FMA:52734 + GAID:226 + MA:0001466 + MESH:D005624 + NCIT:C32635 + SCTID:181793006 + UMLS:C0016732 + VHOG:0001324 + VSAO:0000208 + Wikipedia:Frontal_bone + frontal + frontal bone + os frontal + uberon + os frontale + UBERON:0000209 + + + tetrapod frontal bone + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray136.png + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Frontal_bone.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000107 + PMID:7914451 + Wikipedia:Frontal_bone + + + + + UMLS:C0016732 + ncithesaurus:Frontal_Bone + + + + + frontal + AAO:0000206 + + + + + frontal bone + FMA:52734 + MA:0001466 + + + + + + os frontal + Wikipedia:Frontal_bone + + + + + + os frontale + Wikipedia:Frontal_bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:24293 + SCTID:281228008 + Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)#Vertebral_foramen + vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 1 + uberon + UBERON:0000219 + vertebral foramen of atlas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. + FMA:24939 + MESH:D001269 + NCIT:C32158 + SCTID:361831006 + UMLS:C0004169 + Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint + ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto + articulatio atlanto-occipitalis + atlanto occipital joint + atlantooccipital joint + craniovertebral joint + occipito atlantal joint + occipito-atlantal joint + uberon + articulatio atlantooccipitalis + UBERON:0000220 + atlanto-occipital joint + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA-abduced-lr + + + + + The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. + Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint + + + + + MESH:D001269 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0004169 + ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint + + + + + articulatio atlanto-occipitalis + FMA:24939 + + + + + craniovertebral joint + FMA:24939 + + + + + articulatio atlantooccipitalis + Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. + TODO - add layer relations. 'tendon sheath' GAT in FMA. + BTO:0000051 + FMA:45087 + FMA:76715 + NCIT:C96299 + SCTID:361885006 + UMLS:C0224856 + Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath + synovial tendon sheath + uberon + vagina tendinis + UBERON:0000304 + tendon sheath + + + + + A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. + Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath + + + + + UMLS:C0224856 + ncithesaurus:Tendon_Sheath + + + + + synovial tendon sheath + FMA:45087 + + + + + vagina tendinis + Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. + TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula + UBERON:0007011 + BILA:0000059 + BTO:0000128 + GAID:1294 + MESH:D036703 + OGEM:000006 + Wikipedia:Blastula + blastula embryo + uberon + blastosphere + UBERON:0000307 + + blastula + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png + + + + + Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. + Wikipedia:Blastula + + + + + blastula embryo + BILA:0000059 + + + + + blastosphere + Wikipedia:Blastula + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. + + UBERON:0003347 + UBERON:0004981 + BTO:0000271 + CALOHA:TS-0164 + EFO:0003038 + EMAPA:27375 + FMA:14984 + FMA:85388 + MA:0003194 + SCTID:362157008 + colon mucosa + colon mucous membrane + colonic mucosa + colonic mucous membrane + large bowel mucosa + mucosa of colon + mucosa of large bowel + uberon + UBERON:0000317 + + + colonic mucosa + + + + + Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + colon mucosa + FMA:14984 + + + + + colon mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic mucous membrane + FMA:14984 + + + + + large bowel mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of colon + FMA:14984 + + + + + mucosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + + UBERON:0003348 + BTO:0000367 + CALOHA:TS-0213 + EMAPA:27235 + FMA:14942 + MA:0003207 + SCTID:362146003 + doudenal mucosa + duodenal mucous membrane + mucosa of duodenum + mucous membrane of duodenum + uberon + duodenum mucosa + UBERON:0000320 + + duodenal mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal mucosa + FMA:14942 + + + + + duodenal mucous membrane + FMA:14942 + + + + + mucosa of duodenum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of duodenum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenum mucosa + BTO:0000367 + + + + + + + + + + + The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. + BTO:0000503 + EMAPA:27181 + FMA:14919 + uberon + UBERON:0000325 + + + gastric gland + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. + MGI:anna + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. + BTO:0000504 + CALOHA:TS-2235 + FMA:62973 + GAID:1166 + MESH:D010189 + uberon + pancreatic fluid + pancreatic secretion + succus pancreaticus + UBERON:0000326 + pancreatic juice + + + + + Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. + GO:0030157 + + + + + succus pancreaticus + BTO:0000504 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). + We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. + BTO:0000547 + FMA:45653 + digestive tract wall + wall of digestive tract + wall of gut + uberon + wall of alimentary tract + UBERON:0000328 + gut wall + + + + + The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + wall of gut + FMA:45653 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. + BTO:0000635 + FMA:74596 + SCTID:328639002 + SCTID:5023006 + medulla ossium flava + yellow marrow + uberon + fat marrow + UBERON:0000332 + yellow bone marrow + + + + + Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Yellow+Marrow + + + + + medulla ossium flava + BTO:0000635 + + + + + + yellow marrow + BTO:0000635 + + + + + fat marrow + BTO:0000635 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. + Note that some sources treat 'intestinal gland' as synonymous with crypts + BTO:0000640 + FMA:15052 + SCTID:266297002 + bowel mucosa gland + bowel mucosa of organ gland + bowel mucous membrane gland + bowel organ mucosa gland + gland of bowel mucosa + gland of bowel mucosa of organ + gland of bowel mucous membrane + gland of bowel organ mucosa + gland of intestinal mucosa + gland of intestine mucosa + gland of intestine mucosa of organ + gland of intestine mucous membrane + gland of intestine organ mucosa + gland of mucosa of bowel + gland of mucosa of intestine + gland of mucosa of organ of bowel + gland of mucosa of organ of intestine + gland of mucous membrane of bowel + gland of mucous membrane of intestine + gland of organ mucosa of bowel + gland of organ mucosa of intestine + glandula intestinalis + intestinal mucosa gland + intestine mucosa gland + intestine mucosa of organ gland + intestine mucous membrane gland + intestine organ mucosa gland + mucosa of bowel gland + mucosa of intestine gland + mucosa of organ of bowel gland + mucosa of organ of intestine gland + mucous membrane of bowel gland + mucous membrane of intestine gland + organ mucosa of bowel gland + organ mucosa of intestine gland + uberon + glandulae intestinales + UBERON:0000333 + + intestinal gland + + + + + A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + bowel mucosa gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel mucosa of organ gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel mucous membrane gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel organ mucosa gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of bowel mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of bowel mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of bowel mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of bowel organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of intestinal mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of intestine mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of intestine mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of intestine mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of intestine organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucosa of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucosa of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucosa of organ of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucosa of organ of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucous membrane of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of mucous membrane of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of organ mucosa of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of organ mucosa of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + glandula intestinalis + FMA:15052 + + + + + intestinal mucosa gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine mucosa gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine mucosa of organ gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine mucous membrane gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine organ mucosa gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of bowel gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of intestine gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of bowel gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of intestine gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of bowel gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of intestine gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of bowel gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of intestine gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. + + mucosal + FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately + AEO:0000199 + BTO:0000886 + CALOHA:TS-2031 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 + EV:0100382 + FMA:85355 + FMA:85358 + GAID:297 + MESH:D009092 + NCIT:C13166 + SCTID:361693009 + UMLS:C0026724 + Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane + galen:Mucosa + mucosa of organ + mucosa of organ part + mucosal region + mucous membrane + organ mucosa + uberon + region of mucosa + tunica mucosa + UBERON:0000344 + + mucosa + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png + + + + + A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. + Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane + + + + + FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0026724 + ncithesaurus:Mucosa + + + + + mucosa of organ + FMA:85355 + + + + + mucosa of organ part + FMA:85358 + + + + + mucosal region + FMA:85358 + + + + + mucous membrane + FMA:85355 + + + + + organ mucosa + FMA:85355 + + + + + region of mucosa + FMA:85358 + + + + + tunica mucosa + BTO:0000886 + Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. + parenchymal + Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin + the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated + BTO:0000999 + BTO:0001539 + EHDAA:3015 + EHDAA:3905 + EHDAA:3999 + EHDAA:4005 + EHDAA:6899 + EHDAA:6903 + EHDAA:6994 + EHDAA:8086 + EHDAA:9182 + EHDAA:9190 + EHDAA:9196 + EHDAA:9202 + FMA:45732 + NCIT:C74601 + UMLS:C0933845 + Wikipedia:Parenchyma + uberon + UBERON:0000353 + parenchyma + + + + + Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. + Wikipedia:Parenchyma + + + + + Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin + WP + + + + + the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated + FMA + + + + + BTO:0000999 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + BTO:0001539 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0933845 + ncithesaurus:Parenchyma + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + UBERON:0003344 + BTO:0001047 + EMAPA:26957 + FMA:55031 + MA:0003143 + SCTID:362121003 + mucosa of organ of pharynx + mucosa of pharynx + mucous membrane of pharynx + organ mucosa of pharynx + pharynx mucosa + pharynx mucosa of organ + pharynx mucous membrane + pharynx organ mucosa + tunica mucosa pharyngea + tunica mucosa pharyngis + uberon + mucous membrane of the pharynx + UBERON:0000355 + pharyngeal mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of pharynx + FMA:55031 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa pharyngea + FMA:55031 + FMA:TA + + + + + + mucous membrane of the pharynx + BTO:0001047 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. + Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm) + BTO:0001099 + CALOHA:TS-0076 + EFO:0000295 + EMAPA:36035 + EV:0100394 + FMA:83041 + GAID:1153 + MESH:D001755 + NCIT:C13739 + SCTID:308837009 + UMLS:C1281743 + Wikipedia:Blastocyst + uberon + blastocystis + blastula + UBERON:0000358 + + blastocyst + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg + + + + + The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. + GO:0001824 + Wikipedia:Blastocyst + + + + + UMLS:C1281743 + ncithesaurus:Blastocyst + + + + + blastocystis + Wikipedia:Blastocyst + + + + + + blastula + FMA:83041 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. + BTO:0001160 + FMA:74595 + SCTID:328538003 + SCTID:75330005 + medulla ossium rubra + parenchymal red marrow + red marrow + uberon + parenchyma of none marrow marrow + UBERON:0000361 + red bone marrow + + + + + The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/red+marrow + + + + + medulla ossium rubra + BTO:0001160 + + + + + + parenchymal red marrow + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + red marrow + BTO:0001160 + + + + + parenchyma of none marrow marrow + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated). + BTO:0001335 + EHDAA:129 + EHDAA:91 + EMAPA:16068 + FMA:83040 + NCIT:C33918 + SCTID:256965005 + UMLS:C1135936 + Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast + syncytial trophoblast + syntrophoblast layer + uberon + syncitiotrophoblast + syncitiotrophoblastus + syntrophoblast + UBERON:0000371 + syncytiotrophoblast + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray36.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated). + Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast + http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/placenta5.htm + + + + + UMLS:C1135936 + ncithesaurus:Syncytiotrophoblast + + + + + syncytial trophoblast + FMA:83040 + + + + + syntrophoblast layer + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + syncitiotrophoblastus + Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. + + Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] + AAO:0010670 + BTO:0001378 + EHDAA2:0002087 + EMAPA:17799 + FMA:52724 + GAID:836 + MA:0001103 + MESH:D008442 + SCTID:280211001 + VHOG:0001346 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + maxillary division [V2] + maxillary division [Vb] + maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve + maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) + maxillary nerve [V2] + maxillary nerve [Vb] + nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) + nervus maxillaris [v2] + nervus maxillaris [vb] + ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) + second division of fifth cranial nerve + second division of trigeminal nerve + trigeminal V nerve maxillary division + uberon + n. maxillaris + nervus maxillaris + trigeminal nerve maxillary division + UBERON:0000377 + + + maxillary nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. + MP:0009799 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + + + + + Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010670 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010670 + AAO + + + + + maxillary division [V2] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division [Vb] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary nerve [V2] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary nerve [Vb] + FMA:52724 + + + + + nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) + FMA:52724 + + + + + nervus maxillaris [v2] + FMA:52724 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nervus maxillaris [vb] + FMA:52724 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) + AAO:0010670 + + + + + second division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + second division of trigeminal nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + trigeminal V nerve maxillary division + MA:0001103 + + + + + n. maxillaris + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + + + + + + nervus maxillaris + BTO:0001378 + + + + + trigeminal nerve maxillary division + EMAPA:17799 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. + BTO:0001390 + FMA:7471 + SCTID:660006 + mucosa of organ of trachea + mucosa of organ of windpipe + mucosa of trachea + mucosa of windpipe + mucous membrane of trachea + mucous membrane of windpipe + organ mucosa of trachea + organ mucosa of windpipe + trachea mucosa + trachea mucosa of organ + trachea mucous membrane + trachea organ mucosa + tracheal mucous membrane + tunica mucosa (tracheae) + tunica mucosa tracheae + windpipe mucosa + windpipe mucosa of organ + windpipe mucous membrane + windpipe organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0000379 + tracheal mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of trachea + FMA:7471 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tracheal mucous membrane + FMA:7471 + + + + + tunica mucosa (tracheae) + FMA:7471 + + + + + tunica mucosa tracheae + FMA:7471 + FMA:TA + + + + + + windpipe mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. + consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 + + + Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] + we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA + AAO:0000307 + BILA:0000088 + BTO:0001369 + BTO:0001485 + EFO:0000801 + EMAPA:35578 + FMA:72954 + MA:0002888 + MAT:0000025 + MIAA:0000025 + VSAO:0000033 + XAO:0004042 + muscle system + muscle system of body + muscular system + musculature system + set of all muscles + set of muscles of body + vertebrate muscular system + uberon + muskelsystem + UBERON:0000383 + + + + musculature of body + + + + + The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. + VSAO:0000033 + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000033 + VSAO + VSAO:curator + + + + + we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA + MA + + + + + muscular system + FMA:72954 + + + + + musculature system + BILA:0000088 + + + + + set of all muscles + FMA:72954 + + + + + set of muscles of body + FMA:72954 + + + + + vertebrate muscular system + BTO:0001369 + + + + + muskelsystem + BTO:0001485 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. + + BTO:0001632 + CALOHA:TS-0542 + FMA:58970 + MESH:D007904 + SCTID:280626006 + cortex of lens + uberon + UBERON:0000389 + + lens cortex + + + + + Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. + http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lens+cortex + + + + + cortex of lens + FMA:58970 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. + + BTO:0001633 + FMA:58971 + MESH:D007907 + SCTID:280628007 + nucleus of lens + uberon + UBERON:0000390 + + lens nucleus + + + + + The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. + BTO:0001633 + + + + + nucleus of lens + FMA:58971 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] + BTO:0001709 + CALOHA:TS-0163 + EMAPA:18941 + FMA:17302 + MA:0003195 + SCTID:42978003 + TAO:0005128 + ZFA:0005128 + colon epithelial tissue + colon epithelium + epithelial tissue of colon + epithelial tissue of large bowel + epithelium of colon + epithelium of large bowel + large bowel epithelial tissue + large bowel epithelium + posterior intestine epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0000397 + + + colonic epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005128 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + colon epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon epithelium + FMA:17302 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + posterior intestine epithelium + ZFA:0005128 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. + glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. + BTO:0001837 + EMAPA:37950 + FMA:62889 + Wikipedia:Serous_gland + uberon + UBERON:0000409 + + + serous gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png + + + + + A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. + MP:0008052 + + + + + EMAPA:37950 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. + In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] + AAO:0010601 + BTO:0001979 + EMAPA:37913 + FMA:62888 + Wikipedia:Mucous_gland + glandula mucosa + uberon + muciparous gland + mucous secreting gland + mucus gland + mucus-secreting gland + UBERON:0000414 + + mucous gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png + + + + + A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] + NCBITaxon:8292 + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + EMAPA:37913 + MA:th + + + + + glandula mucosa + Wikipedia:Mucous_gland + + + + + + muciparous gland + BTO:0001979 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0002009 + FMA:14155 + galen:ArterialWall + arterial wall + wall of artery + uberon + UBERON:0000415 + artery wall + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial wall + FMA:14155 + + + + + wall of artery + FMA:14155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. + trabecular + BTO:0002501 + FMA:85273 + Wikipedia:Trabecula + trabeculae + uberon + UBERON:0000440 + + + trabecula + + + + + A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. + GO:0060343 + Wikipedia:Trabecula + + + + + trabeculae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. + BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions + UBERON:0006540 + secretion + AEO:0001005 + BTO:0002977 + BTO:0002979 + EMAPA:36535 + FMA:9675 + MA:0002504 + MESH:D012634 + NCIT:C34062 + UMLS:C1516992 + galen:Secretion + bodily secretion + exocrine gland fluid/secretion + secreted substance + uberon + exocrine gland fluid + exocrine gland fluid or secretion + exocrine gland secretion + external secretion + UBERON:0000456 + secretion of exocrine gland + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions + BTO + + + + + secretion + FMA:9675 + + + + + UMLS:C1516992 + ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion + + + + + bodily secretion + MESH:D012634 + + + + + exocrine gland fluid/secretion + MA:0002504 + + + + + external secretion + BTO:0002977 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. + + + + AAO:0010839 + AEO:0000004 + BILA:0000004 + CALOHA:TS-2101 + CARO:0000004 + EHDAA2:0003004 + EMAPA:35178 + FBbt:00007019 + FMA:9669 + HAO:0000004 + MA:0002450 + NCIT:C13236 + SPD:0000008 + TAO:0001487 + TGMA:0001824 + VHOG:0001726 + XAO:0004001 + ZFA:0001487 + galen:BodySubstance + body fluid or substance + body substance + organism substance + portion of body substance + portion of organism substance + uberon + UBERON:0000463 + + + + organism substance + + + + + + + + + + this relationship may be too strong and may be weakened in future + + + + + Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007019 + + + + + + body fluid or substance + MA:0002450 + + + + + body substance + FMA:9669 + + + + + organism substance + CARO:0000004 + + + + + portion of body substance + FMA:9669 + + + + + portion of organism substance + ZFA:0001487 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. + + + + lumen + space + AAO:0010110 + AEO:0000005 + BILA:0000005 + CARO:0000005 + EHDAA2:0003005 + FBbt:00007017 + FMA:5897 + HAO:0000005 + NCIT:C94478 + TAO:0001668 + TGMA:0001825 + UMLS:C0524461 + VHOG:0001728 + XAO:0003190 + ZFA:0001643 + lumen space + uberon + anatomical spaces + UBERON:0000464 + + + anatomical space + + + + + Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007017 + + + + + + UMLS:C0524461 + ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space + + + + + anatomical spaces + ZFA:0001643 + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + + + + AAO:0010264 + AEO:0000006 + BILA:0000006 + CARO:0000006 + EHDAA2:0003006 + FBbt:00007016 + FMA:67165 + HAO:0000006 + TAO:0001836 + TGMA:0001826 + VHOG:0001721 + uberon + UBERON:0000465 + + + material anatomical entity + + + + + Anatomical entity that has mass. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007016 + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that has no mass. + + + + AAO:0010265 + AEO:0000007 + BILA:0000007 + CARO:0000007 + EHDAA2:0003007 + FBbt:00007015 + FMA:67112 + HAO:0000007 + TAO:0001835 + TGMA:0001827 + VHOG:0001727 + immaterial physical anatomical entity + uberon + UBERON:0000466 + + + immaterial anatomical entity + + + + + Anatomical entity that has no mass. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007015 + + + + + + immaterial physical anatomical entity + FMA:67112 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. + + + + + system + AAO:0000007 + AEO:0000011 + BILA:0000011 + BIRNLEX:14 + BSA:0000049 + CALOHA:TS-2088 + CARO:0000011 + EHDAA2:0003011 + EHDAA:392 + EMAPA:16103 + EV:0100000 + FBbt:00004856 + FMA:7149 + HAO:0000011 + IDOMAL:0002460 + MA:0000003 + NCIT:C12919 + SCTID:278195005 + TAO:0001439 + TGMA:0001831 + UMLS:C0460002 + VHOG:0001725 + WBbt:0005746 + WBbt:0005763 + Wikipedia:Organ_system + XAO:0003002 + ZFA:0001439 + galen:AnatomicalSystem + body system + connected anatomical system + organ system + uberon + anatomical systems + UBERON:0000467 + + + + + + anatomical system + + + + + + Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. + CARO:0000011 + + + + + system + GO:0048731 + + + + + FBbt:00004856 + + + + + + IDOMAL:0002460 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0460002 + ncithesaurus:Organ_System + + + + + body system + BIRNLEX:14 + + + + + connected anatomical system + CARO:0000011 + + + + + anatomical systems + ZFA:0001439 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. + TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage + + + + organismal + organism + AAO:0010026 + AEO:0000191 + BILA:0000012 + BIRNLEX:18 + BSA:0000038 + BTO:0000042 + CARO:0000012 + EFO:0002906 + EHDAA2:0003103 + EHDAA2:0003191 + EHDAA:1 + EMAPA:25765 + EV:0100016 + FBbt:00000001 + FMA:256135 + HAO:0000012 + NCIT:C13041 + SCTID:243928005 + TADS:0000001 + TAO:0001094 + TGMA:0001832 + VHOG:0000671 + WBbt:0007833 + Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism + XAO:0003004 + ZFA:0001094 + galen:Organism + ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism + multi-cellular organism + uberon + Koerper + body + whole body + whole organism + UBERON:0000468 + + + + + + multicellular organism + + + + + Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. + CARO:0000012 + Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + organism + FBbt:00000001 + VHOG:0000671 + WBbt:0007833 + + + + + FBbt:00000001 + + + + + + multi-cellular organism + CARO:0000012 + + + + + Koerper + BTO:0001489 + + + + + body + AEO:0000103 + BIRNLEX:18 + FMA:256135 + NCIT:C13041 + + + + + whole body + BTO:0001489 + + + + + whole organism + FBbt:00000001 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. + this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future + AAO:0010017 + AEO:0000019 + BILA:0000019 + CARO:0000019 + EHDAA2:0003019 + HAO:0000019 + TAO:0001489 + TGMA:0001835 + XAO:0003039 + ZFA:0001489 + uberon + compound organ components + UBERON:0000471 + + compound organ component + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. + CARO:0000019 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + compound organ components + ZFA:0001489 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. + + By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0000083 + CALOHA:TS-1303 + EFO:0000969 + EHDAA2:0000506 + EHDAA:8116 + EMAPA:17959 + EV:0100110 + FBbt:00004864 + FMA:45663 + GAID:364 + HAO:0000324 + MA:0000381 + MESH:D005836 + MIAA:0000028 + NCIT:C12402 + SCTID:361386004 + TGMA:0000635 + UMLS:C0700038 + VHOG:0000726 + Wikipedia:Female_genitalia + WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system + XAO:0000156 + female organism genitalia + female organism reproductive system + genitalia of female organism + reproductive system of female organism + uberon + female genital system + female genital tract + female genitalia + female genitals + female reproductive tract + gynaecological tissue + systema genitale femininum + UBERON:0000474 + + + + + female reproductive system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg + + + + + The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. + MP:0001119 + Wikipedia:Female_genitalia + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000726 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0792383369 Lombardi J, Comparative vertebrate reproduction (1998) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00004864 + + + + + + UMLS:C0700038 + ncithesaurus:Female_Reproductive_System + + + + + female organism genitalia + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + genitalia of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive system of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female genitals + XAO:0000156 + + + + + + female reproductive tract + MA:0000381 + + + + + gynaecological tissue + BTO:0000083 + + + + + systema genitale femininum + BTO:0000083 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. + Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency + + + + AAO:0010053 + AEO:0000032 + BILA:0000032 + BIRNLEX:7 + CALOHA:TS-2084 + CARO:0000032 + EFO:0000808 + EHDAA2:0003032 + EMAPA:36031 + FBbt:00007009 + FMA:7153 + HAO:0000032 + MA:0002433 + MAT:0000293 + MESH:D001829 + MIAA:0000293 + NCIT:C32221 + TAO:0001308 + TGMA:0001840 + UMLS:C0229962 + VHOG:0001758 + Wikipedia:Body_part + XAO:0003013 + ZFA:0001308 + galen:BodyPart + anatomic region + uberon + body part + body region + cardinal body part + UBERON:0000475 + + + + + + organism subdivision + + + + + + CARO + + + + + Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. + CARO:0000032 + CARO:DOS + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007009 + + + + + + UMLS:C0229962 + ncithesaurus:Body_Part + + + + + anatomic region + MA:0002433 + + + + + body region + FMA:7153 + + + + + cardinal body part + FMA:7153 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. + + + + AAO:0010268 + AEO:0000040 + BILA:0000040 + CARO:0000040 + EHDAA2:0003040 + FBbt:00007013 + FMA:63863 + HAO:0000040 + TAO:0000382 + TGMA:0001841 + XAO:0003162 + ZFA:0000382 + uberon + acellular anatomical structures + UBERON:0000476 + + + acellular anatomical structure + + + + + + CARO + + + + + Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007013 + + + + + + acellular anatomical structures + ZFA:0000382 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. + + + + FBbt:00007277 + VHOG:0001737 + uberon + UBERON:0000477 + + + anatomical cluster + + + + + Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. + FBbt:00007277 + + + + + FBbt:00007277 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. + AAO:0010020 + AEO:0000042 + BILA:0000042 + CALOHA:TS-2119 + CARO:0000042 + EHDAA2:0003042 + EHDAA:46 + FBbt:00005835 + FMA:85537 + HAO:0000042 + NCIT:C34055 + SCTID:314908006 + TAO:0000020 + TGMA:0001843 + UMLS:C1282438 + VHOG:0000292 + XAO:0004005 + ZFA:0000020 + extra-embryonic structure + uberon + extraembryonic structures + extraembryonic tissue + UBERON:0000478 + + + + see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. + extraembryonic structure + + + + + A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. + CARO:DOS + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + https://cedar.bio.indiana.edu/trac/env/ontologies/ticket/279 + + + + + FBbt:00005835 + + + + + + UMLS:C1282438 + ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Structure + + + + + extraembryonic structures + ZFA:0000020 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. + changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 + + + + AAO:0000607 + AAO:0010054 + AEO:0000043 + BILA:0000043 + BIRNLEX:19 + CALOHA:TS-2090 + CARO:0000043 + EHDAA2:0003043 + EMAPA:35868 + FBbt:00007003 + FMA:9637 + HAO:0000043 + MA:0003002 + MESH:D014024 + NCIT:C12801 + TAO:0001477 + TGMA:0001844 + UMLS:C0040300 + VHOG:0001757 + WBbt:0005729 + XAO:0003040 + ZFA:0001477 + galen:Tissue + portion of tissue + tissue portion + simple tissue + uberon + UBERON:0000479 + + + + tissue + + + + + + CARO + + + + + Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. + CARO:0000043 + + + + + FBbt:00007003 + + + + + + UMLS:C0040300 + ncithesaurus:Tissue + + + + + portion of tissue + CARO:0000043 + + + + + simple tissue + AEO:0000043 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. + + + + AAO:0010048 + AEO:0000055 + BILA:0000055 + CARO:0000055 + EHDAA2:0003055 + FBbt:00007010 + HAO:0000055 + TAO:0001488 + TGMA:0001847 + VHOG:0001762 + XAO:0003037 + ZFA:0001488 + uberon + multi-tissue structures + UBERON:0000481 + + + multi-tissue structure + + + + + + CARO + + + + + Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. + CARO:0000055 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:00007010 + + + + + + multi-tissue structures + ZFA:0001488 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. + The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] + epithelial + AAO:0000144 + AAO:0010055 + AEO:0000066 + BILA:0000066 + BTO:0000416 + CALOHA:TS-0288 + CARO:0000066 + EHDAA2:0003066 + EMAPA:32738 + FBbt:00007005 + FMA:9639 + GAID:402 + HAO:0000066 + MA:0003060 + MESH:D004848 + NCIT:C12710 + SCTID:31610004 + TAO:0001486 + UMLS:C0014609 + VHOG:0000387 + Wikipedia:Epithelium + XAO:0003045 + ZFA:0001486 + epithelial tissue + portion of epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0000483 + + + + Editor note: surface epithelium may contain non-epithelial cells, such as melanocytes, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, within the sheet of epithelial cells. Do we consider these part of the epithelium, or located-in it? + epithelium + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg + + + + + + + + + + http://palaeos.com/metazoa/porifera/homoscleromorpha.html + + + + + Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. + Wikipedia:Epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000387 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.59 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00007005 + + + + + + UMLS:C0014609 + ncithesaurus:Epithelium + + + + + portion of epithelium + FMA:9639 + + + + + + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. + needs to be synchronized with CL - there is no distinct cuboidal cell in CL + AAO:0010064 + AEO:0000067 + BILA:0000067 + CARO:0000067 + EHDAA2:0003067 + FMA:45566 + HAO:0000067 + NCIT:C33553 + TAO:0001497 + UMLS:C0836134 + Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium + XAO:0004009 + ZFA:0001497 + epithelium simplex cuboideum + uberon + simple cuboidal epithelia + UBERON:0000484 + + + simple cuboidal epithelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Gray1133.png + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. + Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C0836134 + ncithesaurus:Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium + + + + + simple cuboidal epithelia + ZFA:0001497 + + + + + + + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. + columnar epithelium + columnar epithlium + AAO:0010063 + AEO:0000068 + BILA:0000068 + CARO:0000068 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 + FBbt:00007027 + FMA:45567 + HAO:0000068 + NCIT:C33552 + SCTID:32210007 + TAO:0001496 + UMLS:C0836135 + Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium + XAO:0004008 + ZFA:0001496 + epithelium simplex columnare + simple columnar epithelium + uberon + simple columnar epithelia + UBERON:0000485 + + + simple columnar epithelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray1059.png + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + columnar epithelium + EHDAA2:0003068 + + + + + columnar epithlium + AEO:0000068 + + + + + FBbt:00007027 + + + + + + UMLS:C0836135 + ncithesaurus:Simple_Columnar_Epithelium + + + + + simple columnar epithelia + ZFA:0001496 + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. + Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] + AAO:0010059 + AEO:0000069 + BILA:0000069 + BTO:0002074 + CARO:0000069 + EHDAA2:0003069 + FMA:45562 + HAO:0000069 + NCIT:C33622 + SCTID:309044005 + TAO:0001494 + UMLS:C0682575 + Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium + XAO:0004006 + ZFA:0001494 + stratified epithelium + uberon + laminated epithelium + UBERON:0000486 + + + multilaminar epithelium + + + + + Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] + 2012-06-20 + CARO:0000069 + CARO + FMA:45562 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C0682575 + ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium + + + + + laminated epithelium + BTO:0002074 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. + Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] + AAO:0010066 + AEO:0000070 + BILA:0000070 + BTO:0002073 + CARO:0000070 + EHDAA2:0003070 + FMA:45565 + HAO:0000070 + NCIT:C13178 + TAO:0001498 + UMLS:C0836133 + Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium + XAO:0004010 + ZFA:0001498 + epithelium simplex squamosum + uberon + simple squamous epithelia + UBERON:0000487 + + + simple squamous epithelium + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. + FMA:45565 + Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] + 2012-06-20 + CARO:0000070 + CARO + FMA:45565 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C0836133 + ncithesaurus:Simple_Squamous_Epithelium + + + + + simple squamous epithelia + ZFA:0001498 + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. + AAO:0010057 + AEO:0000071 + BILA:0000071 + CARO:0000071 + EHDAA2:0003071 + FMA:61741 + HAO:0000071 + TAO:0001493 + XAO:0004004 + ZFA:0001493 + heterogenous epithelium + uberon + atypical epithelia + UBERON:0000488 + + atypical epithelium + + + + + Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + atypical epithelia + ZFA:0001493 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. + this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future + AAO:0010016 + AEO:0000072 + BILA:0000072 + CARO:0000072 + EHDAA2:0003072 + FMA:55671 + HAO:0000072 + TAO:0001490 + TGMA:0001857 + VHOG:0001730 + XAO:0003165 + ZFA:0001490 + cavitated organ + uberon + cavitated compound organs + UBERON:0000489 + + + cavitated compound organ + + + + + Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + cavitated organ + FMA:55671 + + + + + cavitated compound organs + ZFA:0001490 + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. + consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable + Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] + AAO:0010062 + AEO:0000073 + BILA:0000073 + BTO:0002073 + CARO:0000073 + EHDAA2:0003073 + FMA:45561 + HAO:0000073 + NCIT:C33554 + SCTID:309043004 + TAO:0001495 + UMLS:C0682574 + XAO:0004007 + ZFA:0001495 + simple epithelium + uberon + unilaminar epithelia + UBERON:0000490 + + unilaminar epithelium + + + + + Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. + FMA:45561 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] + 2012-06-20 + CARO:0000073 + CARO + FMA:45561 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C0682574 + ncithesaurus:Simple_Epithelium + + + + + simple epithelium + FMA:45561 + + + + + unilaminar epithelia + ZFA:0001495 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. + mucoid + mucous + CALOHA:TS-2144 + ENVO:02000040 + FMA:66938 + GAID:1164 + MESH:D009093 + NCIT:C13259 + UMLS:C0026727 + Wikipedia:Mucus + galen:Mucus + uberon + UBERON:0000912 + mucus + + + + + Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. + Wikipedia:Mucus + + + + + UMLS:C0026727 + ncithesaurus:Mucus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. + note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest + + + + EMAPA:35862 + FMA:259209 + MA:0000022 + SCTID:302551006 + Wikipedia:Thorax + thorax + uberon + anterior subdivision of trunk + upper body + upper trunk + UBERON:0000915 + + thoracic segment of trunk + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + thorax + MA:0000022 + + + + + upper trunk + FMA:259209 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. + Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class + abdominal + celiac + BTO:0000020 + CALOHA:TS-0001 + EFO:0000968 + EMAPA:35102 + EV:0100011 + FMA:9577 + GAID:16 + MA:0000029 + MAT:0000298 + MESH:D000005 + MIAA:0000298 + SCTID:302553009 + Wikipedia:Abdomen + galen:Abdomen + abdominopelvic region + abdominopelvis + uberon + adult abdomen + belly + celiac region + UBERON:0000916 + + + + abdomen + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + abdominopelvic region + FMA:9577 + + + + + abdominopelvis + FMA:9577 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. + embryonic + Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo + AAO:0011035 + AEO:0000169 + BILA:0000056 + BSA:0000039 + BTO:0000379 + CALOHA:TS-0229 + EFO:0001367 + EHDAA2:0000002 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 + EHDAA:38 + EMAPA:16039 + FBbt:00000052 + FMA:69068 + GAID:963 + IDOMAL:0000646 + MAT:0000226 + MESH:D004622 + MIAA:0000019 + NCIT:C28147 + OGEM:000001 + SCTID:57991002 + UMLS:C0013935 + VHOG:0001766 + Wikipedia:Embryo + XAO:0000113 + ZFA:0000103 + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Embryonic_organism + embryonic organism + uberon + developing organism + developmental tissue + UBERON:0000922 + + + + + embryo + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/503 + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Wrinkledfrog_embryos.jpg + + + + + Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. + BTO:0000379 + FB:FBrf0039741 + FB:FBrf0041814 + GO:0009790 + Wikipedia:Embryo + + + + + Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo + ZFA + + + + + FBbt:00000052 + + + + + + IDOMAL:0000646 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0013935 + ncithesaurus:Embryo + + + + + embryonic organism + BILA:0000056 + + + + + developing organism + BILA:0000056 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + embryonic tissue + AAO:0000480 + BILA:0000035 + BTO:0000556 + EMAPA:36033 + FBbt:00000110 + FMA:69069 + GAID:1303 + MESH:D005855 + NCIT:C12950 + NCIT:C54105 + TAO:0001122 + UMLS:C0920502 + UMLS:C1708239 + VHOG:0001223 + Wikipedia:Germ_layer + XAO:0003011 + ZFA:0001122 + germinal layer + primary germ layer + uberon + embryonic germ layer + embryonic germ layers + UBERON:0000923 + + + Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] + germ layer + + + + + A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. + Wikipedia:Germ_layer + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/203 + + + + + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001223 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + embryonic tissue + FMA:69069 + + + + + FBbt:00000110 + + + + + + UMLS:C0920502 + ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Tissue + + + + + UMLS:C1708239 + ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer + + + + + germinal layer + ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer + + + + + primary germ layer + GO:0001704 + ZFA:0001122 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + ectodermal + AAO:0000137 + BILA:0000036 + BTO:0000315 + CALOHA:TS-0216 + EFO:0000414 + EHDAA2:0000428 + EMAPA:16069 + EV:0100003 + FBbt:00000111 + FMA:69070 + GAID:1304 + MAT:0000155 + MAT:0000173 + MESH:D004475 + MIAA:0000173 + NCIT:C12703 + SCTID:362851007 + TAO:0000016 + UMLS:C0013574 + VHOG:0000153 + Wikipedia:Ectoderm + XAO:0000001 + ZFA:0000016 + embryonic ectoderm + uberon + UBERON:0000924 + + + + + ectoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray32.png + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. + Wikipedia:Ectoderm + + + + + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000137 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000153 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00000111 + + + + + + UMLS:C0013574 + ncithesaurus:Ectoderm + + + + + embryonic ectoderm + VHOG:0000153 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + endodermal + AAO:0000139 + BILA:0000038 + BTO:0000800 + CALOHA:TS-0273 + EFO:0002545 + EHDAA2:0000436 + EMAPA:16062 + EV:0100005 + FBbt:00000125 + FMA:69071 + GAID:1305 + MAT:0000175 + MESH:D004707 + MIAA:0000175 + NCIT:C12706 + SCTID:362855003 + TAO:0000017 + UMLS:C0014144 + VHOG:0000154 + Wikipedia:Endoderm + XAO:0000090 + ZFA:0000017 + uberon + entoderm + UBERON:0000925 + + + + + endoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Endoderm2.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray10.png + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. + Wikipedia:Endoderm + + + + + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000154 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00000125 + + + + + + UMLS:C0014144 + ncithesaurus:Endoderm + + + + + entoderm + DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.1013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. + + Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + mesodermal + sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates + UBERON:0003263 + AAO:0000304 + BILA:0000037 + BTO:0000839 + CALOHA:TS-0623 + EFO:0001981 + EHDAA2:0001128 + EHDAA:124 + EHDAA:160 + EHDAA:183 + EMAPA:16083 + EV:0100006 + FBbt:00000126 + FMA:69072 + GAID:522 + MAT:0000174 + MESH:D008648 + MIAA:0000174 + NCIT:C12750 + SCTID:362854004 + TAO:0000041 + UMLS:C0025485 + VHOG:0000152 + Wikipedia:Mesoderm + XAO:0000050 + ZFA:0000041 + uberon + embryonic mesoderm + entire mesoderm + mesodermal mantle + UBERON:0000926 + + + + + mesoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Mesoderm.png + + + + + + + + + + sometimes not considered primary + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. + Wikipedia:Mesoderm + + + + + Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000304 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000152 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + FBbt:00000126 + + + + + + UMLS:C0025485 + ncithesaurus:Mesoderm + + + + + embryonic mesoderm + VHOG:0000152 + + + + + entire mesoderm + SCTID:362854004 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. + consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence + Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] + the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx + stomodeal + This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. + stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium + BTO:0004224 + EHDAA2:0001929 + EMAPA:16263 + FBbt:00000439 + FMA:295846 + NCIT:C34306 + TAO:0001290 + TGMA:0000135 + UMLS:C1514977 + Wikipedia:Stomodeum + XAO:0000269 + ZFA:0001290 + mouth primordium + primitive oral cavity + stomatodeum + stomodaeum + uberon + mouth pit + oral ectoderm + oral pit + UBERON:0000930 + + + + + stomodeum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png + + + + + Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. + Wikipedia:Stomodeum + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/326 + + + + + Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001290 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx + MP:0012522 + NCBITaxon:40674 + + + + + stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium + XAO:0000269 + + + + + FBbt:00000439 + + + + + + UMLS:C1514977 + ncithesaurus:Stomodeum + + + + + mouth primordium + XAO:0000269 + + + + + primitive oral cavity + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + stomatodeum + Wikipedia:Stomodeum + + + + + mouth pit + EMAPA:16263 + + + + + oral ectoderm + ZFA:0001290 + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100726-23 + + + + + oral pit + EMAPA:16263 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. + removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. + An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] + Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] + proctodeal + + + + + AAO:0011087 + EHDAA2:0000121 + EMAPA:25038 + FBbt:00000123 + NCIT:C34278 + TAO:0000066 + UMLS:C0231054 + VHOG:0000139 + Wikipedia:Proctodeum + XAO:0001019 + ZFA:0000066 + embryonic proctodaeum + proctodaeum + amnioproctodeal invagination + uberon + anal pit + anus porus + UBERON:0000931 + + proctodeum + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/685 + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. + ZFA:0000066 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/685 + https://sourceforge.net/p/fbbtdv/tickets/52 + + + + + An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000066 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011087 + AAO + ZFA:0000066 + + + + + FBbt:00000123 + + + + + + UMLS:C0231054 + ncithesaurus:Proctodeum + + + + + amnioproctodeal invagination + FBbt:00000123 + + + + + anal pit + VHOG:0000139 + + + + + anus porus + XAO:0001019 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. + + + + + + Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] + It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] + We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa + AAO:0000579 + ANISEED:1235297 + BTO:0001307 + CALOHA:TS-0980 + EFO:0000837 + EHDAA2:0001915 + EHDAA:2993 + EMAPA:17021 + EV:0100070 + FMA:7148 + GAID:293 + MA:0000353 + MAT:0000051 + MESH:D013270 + MIAA:0000051 + NCIT:C12391 + SCTID:181246003 + TAO:0002121 + UMLS:C0038351 + VHOG:0000408 + Wikipedia:Stomach + XAO:0000128 + galen:Stomach + stomach chamber + uberon + anterior intestine + gaster + mesenteron + ventriculus + UBERON:0000945 + + + + + + + + stomach + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + absent in lampreys and hagfishes + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + ISBN:0486692132 + + + + + An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Stomach + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000579 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000408 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00076.x Smith DM, Grasty RC, Theodosiou NA, Tabin CJ, Nascone-Yoder NM, Evolutionary relationships between the amphibian, avian, and mammalian stomachs. Evolution and development (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa + WP:Stomach#In_other_animals + + + + + UMLS:C0038351 + ncithesaurus:Stomach + + + + + gaster + BTO:0001307 + + + + + ventriculus + Wikipedia:Stomach + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. + This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. + + The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + aortic + All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches + AAO:0010213 + BTO:0000135 + CALOHA:TS-0046 + EFO:0000265 + EMAPA:18601 + EV:0100027 + FMA:3734 + GAID:469 + MA:0000062 + MAT:0000035 + MESH:D001011 + MIAA:0000035 + NCIT:C12669 + SCTID:181298001 + UMLS:C0003483 + VHOG:0001523 + Wikipedia:Aorta + XAO:0003010 + galen:Aorta + trunk of aortic tree + trunk of systemic arterial tree + dorsal aorta + uberon + arteria maxima + UBERON:0000947 + + + + + + aorta + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Aorta_scheme.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + MA-modified + + + + + The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A07.231.114.056 + MP:0000272 + Wikipedia:Aorta + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. + WP + + + + + The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010213 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001523 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0003483 + ncithesaurus:Aorta + + + + + dorsal aorta + Wikipedia:Aorta#In_other_animals + ZFA:0000014 + + + + + + arteria maxima + Wikipedia:Aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. + + + + Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] + Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] + cardiac + AAO:0010210 + BILA:0000020 + BTO:0000562 + CALOHA:TS-0445 + EFO:0000815 + EHDAA2:0000738 + EHDAA:420 + EMAPA:16105 + EV:0100018 + FMA:7088 + GAID:174 + MA:0000072 + MAT:0000036 + MESH:D006321 + MIAA:0000036 + NCIT:C12727 + SCTID:302509004 + TAO:0000114 + UMLS:C0018787 + VHOG:0000276 + Wikipedia:Heart + XAO:0000064 + ZFA:0000114 + galen:Heart + chambered heart + vertebrate heart + branchial heart + uberon + cardium + UBERON:0000948 + + + + + + + + Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 + heart + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. + Wikipedia:Heart + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000114 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010210 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010210 + AAO + + + + + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000276 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018787 + ncithesaurus:Heart + + + + + chambered heart + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + branchial heart + + + + + + cardium + EMAPA:16105 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. + Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] + Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] + endocrine + AAO:0010279 + CALOHA:TS-1301 + EFO:0002969 + EHDAA2:0002224 + EMAPA:35306 + EV:0100128 + FBbt:00005068 + FMA:9668 + GAID:439 + MA:0000012 + MESH:D004703 + NCIT:C12705 + SCTID:278876000 + TAO:0001158 + UMLS:C0014136 + VHOG:0000098 + Wikipedia:Endocrine_system + XAO:0000158 + ZFA:0001158 + endocrine glandular system + endocrine system + systema endocrinum + uberon + UBERON:0000949 + + + + + endocrine system + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. + NLM:endocrine+system + Wikipedia:Endocrine_system + + + + + Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010279 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000098 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812138106 Markov GV, Tavares R, Dauphin-Villemant C, Demeneix BA, Baker ME, Laudet V, Independent elaboration of steroid hormone signaling pathways in metazoans. PNAS (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00005068 + + + + + + UMLS:C0014136 + ncithesaurus:Endocrine_System + + + + + endocrine glandular system + EHDAA2:0002224 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. + requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion + + Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] + Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] + The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + + AAO:0010478 + ABA:Brain + BAMS:Br + BAMS:Brain + BILA:0000135 + BIRNLEX:796 + BTO:0000142 + CALOHA:TS-0095 + DHBA:10155 + EFO:0000302 + EHDAA2:0000183 + EHDAA:2641 + EHDAA:6485 + EMAPA:16894 + EV:0100164 + FBbt:00005095 + FMA:50801 + GAID:571 + HBA:4005 + MA:0000168 + MAT:0000098 + MBA:8 + MBA:997 + MESH:D001921 + MIAA:0000098 + NCIT:C12439 + PBA:3999 + SCTID:258335003 + TAO:0000008 + UMLS:C0006104 + UMLS:C1269537 + VHOG:0000157 + Wikipedia:Brain + XAO:0000010 + ZFA:0000008 + galen:Brain + neuronames:21 + uberon + encephalon + suprasegmental levels of nervous system + suprasegmental structures + synganglion + the brain + UBERON:0000955 + + + + + + + + brain + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/Allen_F_Brain.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/Allen_M_Brain.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. + Wikipedia:Brain + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 + + + + + Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000008 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010478 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cumbo_terms + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000157 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00005095 + + + + + + UMLS:C0006104 + BIRNLEX:796 + ncithesaurus:Brain + + + + + UMLS:C1269537 + BIRNLEX:796 + + + + + neuronames:21 + BIRNLEX:796 + + + + + encephalon + BTO:0000142 + + + + + suprasegmental levels of nervous system + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + suprasegmental structures + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + the brain + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any thin layer or plate. + TODO - merge with cell layer? + laminar + Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch + laminar tissue + uberon + UBERON:0000957 + + + + lamina + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Laminaarcusvertebrae.png + + + + + Any thin layer or plate. + Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. + BAMS:cern + FMA:5859 + NCIT:C32299 + NLXANAT:20090207 + SCTID:360497008 + UMLS:C0228815 + Wikipedia:Cervical_nerves + neuronames:2351 + cervical nerve + cervical nerve tree + cervical spinal nerve + nervus cervicalis + uberon + UBERON:0000962 + + Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP] + nerve of cervical vertebra + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray795.png + + + + + The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Cervical_nerves + + + + + UMLS:C0228815 + ncithesaurus:Cervical_Nerve + + + + + cervical nerve + FMA:5859 + + + + + nervus cervicalis + FMA:5859 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology + FBbt:00004114 + MAT:0000204 + MIAA:0000204 + uberon + UBERON:0000963 + head sensillum + + + + + FBbt:00004114 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. + + corneal + Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water + AAO:0010344 + BTO:0000286 + CALOHA:TS-0171 + EFO:0000377 + EHDAA2:0000316 + EHDAA:10199 + EMAPA:17161 + EV:0100341 + FMA:58238 + GAID:892 + MA:0000266 + MESH:D003315 + NCIT:C12342 + SCTID:181162001 + TAO:0000640 + UMLS:C0010031 + VHOG:0000164 + Wikipedia:Cornea + XAO:0000180 + ZFA:0000640 + cornea of camera-type eye + uberon + corneas + tunica cornea + UBERON:0000964 + + + + + + cornea + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + + FMA-isa + + + + + + definitional + + + + + The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A09.371.060.217 + MP:0001312 + + + + + UMLS:C0010031 + ncithesaurus:Cornea + + + + + cornea of camera-type eye + GO:0061303 + + + + + corneas + ZFA:0000640 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transparent and refractive lens located posterior to the iris. The lens of camera-type eye refracts light to be focused on the retina. + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. + AAO:0010348 + BTO:0000723 + CALOHA:TS-0545 + EHDAA:9057 + EMAPA:17838 + EV:0100343 + FMA:58241 + MA:0000275 + MAT:0000141 + MESH:D007908 + MIAA:0000141 + NCIT:C12743 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 + SCTID:181169005 + TAO:0000035 + UMLS:C0023317 + VHOG:0000169 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + XAO:0000008 + ZFA:0000035 + camera-type eye lens + eye lens + lens + lens crystallina + uberon + crystalline lens + lenses + ocular lens + UBERON:0000965 + + + + + The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous humors. + lens of camera-type eye + + + + + A transparent and refractive lens located posterior to the iris. The lens of camera-type eye refracts light to be focused on the retina. + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000169 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0023317 + ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens + + + + + camera-type eye lens + GO:0002088 + + + + + eye lens + + + + + + lens + + + + + + lens crystallina + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + + + + + crystalline lens + BTO:0000723 + PMID:36055924 + + + + + lenses + ZFA:0000035 + + + + + + ocular lens + BTO:0000723 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + + + The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + retinal + AAO:0010352 + BAMS:R + BIRNLEX:1153 + BTO:0001175 + CALOHA:TS-0865 + EFO:0000832 + EHDAA2:0001627 + EHDAA:4757 + EMAPA:17168 + EV:0100348 + FMA:58301 + GAID:755 + MA:0000276 + MAT:0000142 + MBA:304325711 + MESH:D012160 + MIAA:0000142 + NCIT:C12343 + NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 + SCTID:181171005 + TAO:0000152 + UMLS:C0035298 + UMLS:C1278894 + VHOG:0000229 + Wikipedia:Retina + XAO:0000009 + ZFA:0000152 + neuronames:1862 + inner layer of eyeball + retina of camera-type eye + tunica interna of eyeball + uberon + Netzhaut + retinas + UBERON:0000966 + + + + + + Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods + retina + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + Wikipedia:Retina + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000152 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000229 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0035298 + BIRNLEX:1153 + ncithesaurus:Retina + + + + + UMLS:C1278894 + BIRNLEX:1153 + + + + + retina of camera-type eye + GO:0060041 + + + + + Netzhaut + BTO:0001175 + + + + + retinas + ZFA:0000152 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that detects light. + This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) + + ocular + optic + Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, + BILA:0000017 + BTO:0000439 + CALOHA:TS-0309 + EFO:0000827 + EV:0100336 + FBbt:00005162 + GAID:69 + MAT:0000140 + MESH:D005123 + MIAA:0000140 + Wikipedia:Eye + uberon + light-detecting organ + visual apparatus + UBERON:0000970 + + + + + + + eye + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:21062451 + + + + + + PMID:21062451 + + + + + An organ that detects light. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00005162 + + + + + + visual apparatus + EV:0100336 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells. + ommatidial + BTO:0001922 + FBbt:00004510 + HAO:0000666 + MAT:0000143 + MIAA:0000143 + Wikipedia:Ommatidium + omatidium + uberon + omatidia + UBERON:0000971 + + ommatidium + + + + + + PMID:21062451 + + + + + The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells. + PMID:21062451 + + + + + FBbt:00004510 + + + + + + omatidia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. + true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. + + cervical + AEO:0000108 + BTO:0000420 + CALOHA:TS-2045 + EFO:0000967 + EHDAA2:0003108 + EMAPA:35587 + FMA:7155 + GAID:86 + MA:0000024 + MAT:0000297 + MESH:D009333 + MIAA:0000297 + NCIT:C13063 + SCTID:302550007 + UMLS:C0027530 + Wikipedia:Neck + galen:Neck + uberon + collum + neck (volume) + UBERON:0000974 + + + + neck + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Female_neck.jpg + + + + + An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + ISBN:9780674021839 + + + + + UMLS:C0027530 + ncithesaurus:Neck + + + + + collum + Wikipedia:Neck + + + + + + neck (volume) + FMA:7155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). + + The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG] + pleural + In MA, is_a cavity lining (which we equate to parietal). In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + BTO:0001791 + CALOHA:TS-2081 + EFO:0001980 + EMAPA:16775 + EV:0100044 + FMA:9583 + GAID:360 + MA:0000433 + MESH:D010994 + NCIT:C12469 + SCTID:181609007 + UMLS:C0032225 + VHOG:0000394 + Wikipedia:Pleura + wall of pleural sac + uberon + pleura + pleural tissue + UBERON:0000977 + + + + pleura + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010820 + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1231 + + + + + + ISBN:978-0030223693 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 + + + + + The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000394 + VHOG + ISBN:0124020607 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0032225 + ncithesaurus:Pleural_Tissue + + + + + pleural tissue + BTO:0001791 + NCIT:C12469 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. + Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] + Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] + articulation + joint + AEO:0000182 + BTO:0001686 + CALOHA:TS-2023 + EFO:0000948 + EMAPA:35456 + FMA:7490 + GAID:102 + MA:0000319 + MAT:0000188 + MESH:D007596 + MIAA:0000188 + NCIT:C13044 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 + SCTID:302536002 + TAO:0000367 + UMLS:C0022417 + VHOG:0001276 + VSAO:0000101 + Wikipedia:Joint + XAO:0000171 + ZFA:0001596 + galen:Joint + uberon + articular joint + joints + UBERON:0000982 + + + + + + skeletal joint + + + + + Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000101 + Wikipedia:Joint + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000101 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000367 + TAO + TAO:pem + + + + + articulation + VSAO:0000101 + + + + + joint + FMA:7490 + VSAO:0000101 + + + + + UMLS:C0022417 + ncithesaurus:Joint + + + + + articular joint + BTO:0001686 + + + + + joints + ZFA:0001596 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. + The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] + During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:PONS + BAMS:Pons + BIRNLEX:733 + BM:Pons + BTO:0001101 + CALOHA:TS-0813 + DHBA:10661 + EFO:0001394 + EHDAA2:0004394 + EMAPA:17563 + EV:0100253 + FMA:67943 + GAID:578 + HBA:9131 + MA:0000204 + MAT:0000115 + MBA:771 + MESH:D011149 + MIAA:0000115 + NCIT:C12511 + SCTID:279103004 + UMLS:C0032639 + UMLS:C1280999 + VHOG:0001176 + Wikipedia:Pons + neuronames:547 + pons Varolii + pons of Varolius + uberon + pons cerebri + UBERON:0000988 + + + + + pons + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png + + + + + + + + + + neuronames + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. + VHOG:0001176 + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001176 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pons + + + + + During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001176 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.474 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0032639 + BIRNLEX:733 + ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii + + + + + UMLS:C1280999 + BIRNLEX:733 + + + + + neuronames:547 + BIRNLEX:733 + + + + + pons Varolii + ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii + + + + + pons cerebri + NeuroNames:547 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. + consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system + + Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] + Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] + + 2022-06-10T18:22:34Z + AAO:0010258 + BILA:0000103 + BTO:0000081 + CALOHA:TS-1318 + EFO:0000809 + EHDAA2:0001603 + EHDAA:5923 + EMAPA:17381 + EV:0100100 + FBbt:00004857 + FMA:7160 + GAID:363 + HAO:0000374 + HAO:0000895 + MA:0000326 + MESH:D005835 + MIAA:0000305 + NCIT:C12841 + SCTID:278875001 + TAO:0000632 + UMLS:C1261210 + VHOG:0000182 + WBbt:0005747 + Wikipedia:Reproductive_system + XAO:0000142 + ZFA:0000632 + genital system + genitalia + uberon + Geschlechtsorgan + animal reproductive system + genital tract + organa genitalia + reproductive tissue + reproductive tract + systemata genitalia + UBERON:0000990 + + + + + + + reproductive system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Penis.svg + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. + Wikipedia:Reproductive_system + + + + + Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010258 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000182 + VHOG + PMID:21672850 Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00004857 + + + + + + MESH:D005835 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C1261210 + ncithesaurus:Reproductive_System + + + + + genitalia + + + + + + Geschlechtsorgan + BTO:0000081 + + + + + animal reproductive system + BTO:0000081 + + + + + organa genitalia + BTO:0000081 + + + + + reproductive tissue + BTO:0000081 + + + + + systemata genitalia + Wikipedia:Reproductive_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). + Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] + The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] + Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] + gonadal + FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' + AAO:0000213 + BILA:0000123 + BSA:0000079 + BTO:0000534 + EMAPA:17383 + FBbt:00004858 + FMA:18250 + GAID:368 + HAO:0000379 + MA:0002420 + MESH:D006066 + NCIT:C12725 + SCTID:304623008 + TAO:0000413 + UMLS:C0018067 + VHOG:0000397 + WBbt:0005175 + Wikipedia:Gonad + XAO:0003146 + ZFA:0000413 + gonada + uberon + gonads + UBERON:0000991 + + + + + + gonad + + + + + Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). + ISBN:0140512888 + Wikipedia:Gonad + ZFA:0000413 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000213 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000413 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000397 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T, Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00004858 + + + + + + UMLS:C0018067 + ncithesaurus:Gonad + + + + + gonads + ZFA:0000413 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. + + Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] + Female reproductive organ.[TAO] + (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] + ovarian + Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + AAO:0000371 + BILA:0000125 + BSA:0000080 + BTO:0000975 + CALOHA:TS-0730 + EFO:0000973 + EHDAA2:0001360 + EHDAA:8124 + EMAPA:17962 + EV:0100111 + FBbt:00004865 + FMA:7209 + GAID:367 + MA:0000384 + MESH:D010053 + MIAA:0000125 + NCIT:C12404 + SCTID:181464007 + TAO:0000403 + UMLS:C0029939 + VHOG:0000251 + Wikipedia:Ovary + XAO:0000258 + ZFA:0000403 + animal ovary + female gonad + female organism genitalia gonad + female organism genitalia gonada + female organism reproductive system gonad + female organism reproductive system gonada + female reproductive system gonad + female reproductive system gonada + genitalia of female organism gonad + genitalia of female organism gonada + gonad of female organism genitalia + gonad of female organism reproductive system + gonad of female reproductive system + gonad of genitalia of female organism + gonad of reproductive system of female organism + gonada of female organism genitalia + gonada of female organism reproductive system + gonada of female reproductive system + gonada of genitalia of female organism + gonada of reproductive system of female organism + ovum-producing ovary + reproductive system of female organism gonad + reproductive system of female organism gonada + uberon + ovaries + ovarium + UBERON:0000992 + + + + + + + ovary + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png + + + + + The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001126 + Wikipedia:Ovary + + + + + Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000371 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Female reproductive organ.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000403 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000251 + VHOG + DOI:10.1093/icb/icm052 Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across the Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007), DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T and Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + WP + + + + + FBbt:00004865 + + + + + + UMLS:C0029939 + ncithesaurus:Ovary + + + + + animal ovary + EFO:0000973 + + + + + female organism genitalia gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism genitalia gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + genitalia of female organism gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + genitalia of female organism gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female organism genitalia + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female organism reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of genitalia of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of reproductive system of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female organism genitalia + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female organism reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of genitalia of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of reproductive system of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovum-producing ovary + GO:0061039 + + + + + + reproductive system of female organism gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive system of female organism gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovaries + + + + + + ovarium + Wikipedia:Ovary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. + + A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] + (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] + epidermal + Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). + epidermis + skin + AAO:0000143 + BTO:0000404 + CALOHA:TS-0283 + EFO:0000954 + EMAPA:17528 + EV:0100153 + FMA:70596 + GAID:932 + MA:0000153 + MAT:0000154 + MESH:D004817 + MIAA:0000154 + NCIT:C12708 + SCTID:361694003 + TAO:0000105 + UMLS:C0014520 + VHOG:0000077 + Wikipedia:Epidermis_(skin) + XAO:0000028 + ZFA:0000105 + vertebrate epidermis + uberon + UBERON:0001003 + + + + + + skin epidermis + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. + ISBN:0073040584 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000105 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000143 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000143 + AAO + + + + + (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000077 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.71-72 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0014520 + ncithesaurus:Epidermis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. + + + The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] + There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000541 + BTO:0000203 + CALOHA:TS-1319 + EFO:0000804 + EHDAA2:0001604 + EHDAA:2203 + EMAPA:16727 + EV:0100036 + FMA:7158 + GAID:78 + MA:0000327 + MAT:0000030 + MESH:D012137 + MIAA:0000030 + NCIT:C12779 + SCTID:278197002 + TAO:0000272 + UMLS:C0035237 + VHOG:0000202 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + XAO:0000117 + ZFA:0000272 + apparatus respiratorius + respiratory system + uberon + Atmungssystem + apparatus respiratorius + systema respiratorium + UBERON:0001004 + + + + + + + respiratory system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/VH_F_Lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-lung.glb + + + + + Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000541 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000202 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0035237 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System + + + + + Atmungssystem + BTO:0000203 + + + + + apparatus respiratorius + BTO:0000203 + + + + + systema respiratorium + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. + This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends + airway + airways + FMA:265130 + SCTID:361380005 + Wikipedia:Trachea + uberon + UBERON:0001005 + + + respiratory airway + + + + + An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. + Wikipedia:Trachea + + + + + airway + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + airways + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. + + An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] + digestive + many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class + AAO:0000129 + BILA:0000082 + BTO:0000058 + CALOHA:TS-1293 + EFO:0000793 + EV:0100056 + FBbt:00005055 + FMA:7152 + GAID:278 + MA:0002431 + MAT:0000018 + MESH:D004064 + MIAA:0000018 + SCTID:278859004 + TADS:0000170 + TAO:0000339 + WBbt:0005748 + Wikipedia:Digestive_system + XAO:0000125 + ZFA:0000339 + galen:DigestiveSystem + ncithesaurus:Digestive_System + uberon + alimentary system + alimentary tract + gastrointestinal system + gut + UBERON:0001007 + + + + + + digestive system + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. + FB:gg + NLM:alimentary+system + Wikipedia:Digestive_system + + + + + An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000129 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class + MA + + + + + FBbt:00005055 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. + + + + An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] + Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] + In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels + This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans + excretory system + AAO:0010257 + BILA:0000015 + BTO:0001244 + BTO:0003092 + CALOHA:TS-1323 + EFO:0000803 + EHDAA2:0001601 + EHDAA:5901 + EMAPA:17366 + EV:0100095 + FBbt:00005056 + FMA:7159 + GAID:391 + MA:0000325 + MAT:0000027 + MESH:D014551 + MIAA:0000027 + NCIT:C12413 + SCTID:362204003 + TADS:0000162 + TAO:0000163 + UMLS:C1508753 + VHOG:0000723 + WBbt:0005736 + Wikipedia:Excretory_system + XAO:0000143 + ZFA:0000163 + galen:UrinaryTract + systema urinaria + systema urinarium + urinary system + urinary tract + uberon + renal or urinary system + renal/urinary system + UBERON:0001008 + + + + + + EDITOR_NOTE In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here + renal system + + + + + The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. + DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 + GO:0072001 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010257 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000723 + VHOG + ISBN:978-3540428541 Kapoor BG, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook (2004) p.406 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels + GO + + + + + This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans + DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 + + + + + FBbt:00005056 + + + + + + UMLS:C1508753 + ncithesaurus:Urinary_System + + + + + systema urinaria + FMA:7159 + + + + + systema urinarium + BTO:0003092 + + + + + renal or urinary system + EHDAA:5901 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. + the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system + + + + + + Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] + We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000959 + CALOHA:TS-2103 + MESH:D002319 + VHOG:0001248 + Wikipedia:Circulatory_system + uberon + systema cardiovasculare + UBERON:0001009 + + + circulatory system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + + + + + Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. + Wikipedia:Circulatory_system + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + + WBbt coelomocyte currently classified as circulating cell + + + + + Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000959 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001248 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.493 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D002319 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + systema cardiovasculare + Wikipedia:Circulatory_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. + + Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] + Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] + adipose + In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. + in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue + AAO:0000001 + AEO:000020 + BTO:0001487 + CALOHA:TS-0013 + EFO:0000790 + EHDAA2:0003120 + EMAPA:35112 + EV:0100381 + FMA:20110 + GAID:920 + MA:0000009 + MAT:0000015 + MESH:D000273 + MIAA:0000015 + NCIT:C12472 + SCTID:55603005 + TAO:0002134 + UMLS:C0001527 + VHOG:0001284 + Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue + XAO:0003049 + ZFA:0005345 + galen:FattyTissue + fat + fat tissue + fatty tissue + uberon + adipose + bodyfat + fatty depot + UBERON:0001013 + + + + + + adipose tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. + MESH:A10.165.114 + MGI:cwg + MP:0000003 + Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002134 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000001 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000001 + AAO + + + + + Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001284 + VHOG + DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005423 Haugen F, Drevon CA, The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0001527 + ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue + + + + + fat + MA:0000009 + + + + + adipose + BTO:0001487 + + + + + bodyfat + BTO:0001487 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. + + In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. + AAO:0011066 + BTO:0000887 + EFO:0001949 + EMAPA:32715 + EMAPA:35577 + FMA:32558 + MA:0000165 + NCIT:C13056 + TAO:0000548 + UMLS:C0026845 + VSAO:0005038 + WBbt:0005737 + Wikipedia:Muscular_system + ZFA:0000548 + muscle group + muscles set + musculature + musculi + set of muscles + set of skeletal muscles + uberon + muscle system + muscles + musculature system + UBERON:0001015 + + + + + musculature + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior_labeled.png + + + + + A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. + Wikipedia:Muscular_system + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0026845 + ncithesaurus:Muscle + + + + + musculi + FMA:32558 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of muscles + FMA:32558 + + + + + set of skeletal muscles + MA:0000165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. + + + A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] + Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] + nervous + neural + AAO:0000324 + BILA:0000079 + BIRNLEX:844 + BTO:0001484 + CALOHA:TS-1313 + EFO:0000802 + EHDAA2:0001246 + EHDAA:826 + EMAPA:16469 + EV:0100162 + FBbt:00005093 + FMA:7157 + GAID:466 + MA:0000016 + MAT:0000026 + MESH:D009420 + MIAA:0000026 + NCIT:C12755 + SCTID:278196006 + TAO:0000396 + UMLS:C0027763 + VHOG:0000402 + WBbt:0005735 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system + XAO:0000177 + ZFA:0000396 + neuronames:3236 + neurological system + nerve net + uberon + systema nervosum + UBERON:0001016 + + + + + + + nervous system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. + BIRNLEX:844 + ISBN:0-14-051288-8 + ISBN:3110148986 + NLM:nervous+system + WB:rynl + Wikipedia:Nervous_system + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000396 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000324 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000402 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.117 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00005093 + + + + + + UMLS:C0027763 + ncithesaurus:Nervous_System + + + + + neurological system + GO:0050877 + + + + + nerve net + Wikipedia:Nerve_net + + + + + systema nervosum + Wikipedia:Nervous_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. + + + Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000090 + BAMS:CNS + BILA:0000080 + BIRNLEX:1099 + BTO:0000227 + CALOHA:TS-0150 + EFO:0000908 + EHDAA2:0000225 + EHDAA:828 + EMAPA:16470 + EMAPA:16754 + EV:0100163 + FBbt:00005094 + FMA:55675 + GAID:570 + MA:0000167 + MAT:0000457 + MESH:D002490 + NCIT:C12438 + SCTID:278199004 + TAO:0000012 + UMLS:C0927232 + VHOG:0000293 + Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system + XAO:0000215 + ZFA:0000012 + neuronames:854 + CNS + systema nervosum centrale + cerebrospinal axis + uberon + neuraxis + UBERON:0001017 + + + + + + + central nervous system + + + + + + + + + + FBbt + cjm + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. + GO:0021551 + http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/7/1/29 + https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/11422/ + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000090 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000012 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). + BIRNLEX:1099 + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000293 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 (reference 1), ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 (reference 2), DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.040 Denes AS, Jekely G, Steinmetz PRH, Raible F, Snyman H, Prud'homme B, Ferrier DEK, Balavoine G and Arendt D, Molecular architecture of annelid nerve cord supports common origin of nervous system centralization in Bilateria. Cell (2007) (reference 3) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00005094 + + + + + + UMLS:C0927232 + BIRNLEX:1099 + ncithesaurus:Central_Nervous_System + + + + + CNS + + + + + + systema nervosum centrale + FMA:55675 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cerebrospinal axis + FMA:55675 + + + + + neuraxis + FMA:55675 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. + + A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] + nervous + AAO:0011070 + AEO:0000137 + BAMS:n + BIRNLEX:1615 + BSA:0000098 + BTO:0000925 + BTO:0001027 + CALOHA:TS-0772 + EHDAA2:0003137 + EHDAA:2851 + EHDAA:3776 + EHDAA:4657 + EMAPA:32808 + EMAPA:32815 + EV:0100371 + FBbt:00005105 + FMA:65132 + FMA:65239 + GAID:747 + GAID:758 + MA:0000217 + MA:0000228 + MESH:D010525 + NCIT:C12466 + NCIT:C12768 + NLX:147826 + SCTID:244457007 + SCTID:256864008 + TAO:0007009 + UMLS:C0027740 + UMLS:C0031119 + VHOG:0000901 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system + XAO:0000204 + XAO:0003047 + ZFA:0007009 + galen:Nerve + nerves + peripheral nerve + uberon + neural subtree + UBERON:0001021 + + + + + nerve + + + + + + FBbt + + + + + An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. + FBbt:00005105 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0007009 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + FBbt:00005105 + + + + + + UMLS:C0027740 + ncithesaurus:Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0031119 + ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve + + + + + nerves + TAO:0007009 + + + + + + peripheral nerve + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neural subtree + FMA:65132 + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. + AEO:0000201 + EHDAA2:0003200 + FBbt:00005136 + FMA:5868 + Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve + nervus sensorius + uberon + afferent nerve + UBERON:0001027 + + + sensory nerve + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve + + + + + FBbt:00005136 + + + + + + nervus sensorius + Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. + An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] + note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs + AAO:0000555 + BAMS:SEN + BILA:0000099 + EFO:0000805 + EHDAA2:0003094 + EMAPA:16192 + FBbt:00007692 + FMA:75259 + MA:0002442 + MAT:0000031 + MIAA:0000031 + NLXANAT:090816 + TAO:0000282 + VHOG:0001674 + Wikipedia:Sensory_system + XAO:0003194 + ZFA:0000282 + organa sensuum + sense organ subsystem + sense organs + sense organs set + sensory subsystem + sensory systems + uberon + organa sensuum + sensory organ system + set of sense organs + UBERON:0001032 + + + + sensory system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png + + + + + Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. + Wikipedia:Sensory_system + + + + + An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001674 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00007692 + + + + + + organa sensuum + FMA:75259 + FMA:TA + + + + + + sense organs + FMA:75259 + + + + + sense organs set + FMA:75259 + + + + + sensory systems + TAO:0000282 + + + + + + organa sensuum + Wikipedia:Sensory_system + + + + + + set of sense organs + FMA:75259 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. + consider splitting class + One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG] + the extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells + Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] + In therians, a structure homologous to the yolk sac is is present, but contains no yolk platelets. Instead it is filled with fluid [ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)] + BTO:0001471 + CALOHA:TS-1130 + EFO:0003078 + EHDAA2:0002212 + EHDAA:164 + EMAPA:16085 + FMA:87180 + GAID:1301 + MESH:D015017 + NCIT:C14128 + SCTID:362845002 + UMLS:C0043425 + VHOG:0000830 + Wikipedia:Yolk_sac + uberon + saccus vitellinus + vesicula umbilicalis + UBERON:0001040 + + + + yolk sac + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray22.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/635 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. + Wikipedia:Yolk_sac + + + + + One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000830 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/yolk+sac + + + + + the extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells + MP:0001718 + + + + + Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000830 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.187 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0043425 + ncithesaurus:Yolk_Sac + + + + + saccus vitellinus + Wikipedia:Yolk_sac + + + + + + vesicula umbilicalis + Wikipedia:Yolk_sac + + + + + + + + + + Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. + Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure + The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011042 + BILA:0000085 + BTO:0000507 + EHDAA2:0000557 + EHDAA:520 + EMAPA:16548 + FBbt:00005379 + FMA:45616 + MA:0001526 + NCIT:C34180 + SCTID:361409009 + TGMA:0001014 + UMLS:C0231051 + VHOG:0000285 + Wikipedia:Foregut + XAO:0000232 + uberon + praeenteron + proenteron + UBERON:0001041 + + + + foregut + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray27.png + + + + + Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. + MP:0000474 + + + + + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000285 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00005379 + + + + + + UMLS:C0231051 + ncithesaurus:Foregut + + + + + praeenteron + Wikipedia:Foregut + + + + + + proenteron + Wikipedia:Foregut + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. + A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. + Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] + Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. + The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] + relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] + (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] + MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme + pharynx + AAO:0000967 + BTO:0001049 + CALOHA:TS-0785 + EFO:0000836 + EHDAA2:0001458 + EHDAA:2947 + EMAPA:16706 + EV:0100065 + FMA:46688 + GAID:155 + MA:0000432 + MESH:D010614 + NCIT:C12425 + SCTID:181211006 + TAO:0000056 + UMLS:C0031354 + VHOG:0000462 + Wikipedia:Pharynx + XAO:0003227 + ZFA:0000056 + galen:Pharynx + uberon + UBERON:0001042 + + + + + Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx + chordate pharynx + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. + http://www.feedexp.org + + + + + A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. + MESH:A03.867 + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000967 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000056 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + + + The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000462 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000967 + AAO + + + + + relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000967 + AAO + + + + + (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000462 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) Box essay 13.1 and Box figure I, p.502-503 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme + MA + + + + + pharynx + FMA:46688 + + + + + + UMLS:C0031354 + ncithesaurus:Pharynx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). + + Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] + The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] + esophageal + esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) + AAO:0000145 + ANISEED:1235301 + BTO:0000959 + CALOHA:TS-0700 + EFO:0000835 + EHDAA2:0001285 + EHDAA:2937 + EMAPA:16833 + EV:0100069 + FMA:7131 + GAID:291 + MA:0000352 + MAT:0000048 + MESH:D004947 + MIAA:0000048 + NCIT:C12389 + SCTID:181245004 + TAO:0000204 + UMLS:C0014876 + VHOG:0000450 + Wikipedia:Esophagus + XAO:0000127 + ZFA:0000204 + galen:Esophagus + gullet + oesophagus + uberon + UBERON:0001043 + + + + + + + + esophagus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg + + + + + + FMA + MA + + + + + Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). + Wikipedia:Esophagus + http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/inter/oesophagus/ + + + + + Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000145 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000450 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01658.x Mallatt J, Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: a new mouth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (1996) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0014876 + ncithesaurus:Esophagus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. + Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon + in FMA this represents an embryonic region. + BILA:0000086 + BTO:0000863 + EFO:0001950 + EHDAA2:0001185 + EHDAA:983 + EMAPA:16255 + FBbt:00005383 + FMA:45617 + MA:0001564 + NCIT:C34210 + SCTID:361410004 + TGMA:0001036 + UMLS:C0231052 + VHOG:0000290 + Wikipedia:Midgut + XAO:0000103 + uberon + mesenteron + UBERON:0001045 + + + + + midgut + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg + + + + + Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. + GO:0007494 + Wikipedia:Midgut + + + + + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000290 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon + WP + + + + + in FMA this represents an embryonic region. + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00005383 + + + + + + UMLS:C0231052 + ncithesaurus:Midgut + + + + + mesenteron + Wikipedia:Midgut + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. + Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class + the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium + AAO:0011052 + BILA:0000087 + BTO:0000510 + EHDAA2:0000779 + EHDAA:975 + EMAPA:16715 + FBbt:00005384 + FMA:45618 + MA:0001527 + NCIT:C34188 + SCTID:362856002 + TGMA:0001020 + UMLS:C0231053 + VHOG:0000459 + Wikipedia:Hindgut + XAO:0000104 + uberon + metenteron + UBERON:0001046 + + + + hindgut + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray472.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo + MP:0008786 + + + + + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000459 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00005384 + + + + + + UMLS:C0231053 + ncithesaurus:Hindgut + + + + + metenteron + Wikipedia:Hindgut + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. + AEO:0000171 + BTO:0001886 + EFO:0001652 + EHDAA2:0003171 + FBbt:00005495 + FMA:86589 + MAT:0000482 + NCIT:C34275 + UMLS:C0678727 + Wikipedia:Primordium + XAO:0003043 + uberon + bud + future organ + placode + primordia + rudiment + UBERON:0001048 + + + + primordium + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. + BTO:0001886 + FB:DJS + FB:FBrf0089570 + http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0178740.html + + + + + FBbt:00005495 + + + + + + UMLS:C0678727 + ncithesaurus:Primordium + + + + + placode + FBbt:00005495 + + + + + primordia + XAO:0003043 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. + Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] + The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium + AAO:0010617 + BTO:0001057 + CALOHA:TS-2371 + DHBA:10154 + EHDAA2:0001254 + EHDAA:2869 + EHDAA:908 + EMAPA:16164 + EMAPA:16757 + FMA:293882 + MAT:0000069 + MESH:D054259 + MIAA:0000069 + NCIT:C34226 + SCTID:362852000 + TAO:0001135 + UMLS:C0231024 + VHOG:0000307 + Wikipedia:Neural_tube + XAO:0003204 + ZFA:0001135 + neuronames:1365 + uberon + neural primordium + presumptive central nervous system + tubus neuralis + UBERON:0001049 + + + + neural tube + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Neural_tube + + + + + Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010617 + AAO + AAO:JOR + + + + + The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000307 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neural+tube + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000307 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium + GO:0021915 + + + + + MESH:D054259 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0231024 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Tube + + + + + tubus neuralis + Wikipedia:Neural_tube + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. + + The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + rectal + In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html + AAO:0010401 + BTO:0001158 + CALOHA:TS-1180 + EFO:0000848 + EHDAA2:0001592 + EHDAA:5836 + EMAPA:17896 + EV:0100081 + FMA:14544 + GAID:311 + MA:0000336 + MAT:0000050 + MESH:D012007 + MIAA:0000050 + NCIT:C12390 + SCTID:181261002 + UMLS:C0034896 + VHOG:0001751 + Wikipedia:Rectum + XAO:0000238 + galen:Rectum + terminal portion of intestine + uberon + intestinum rectum + rectal sac + terminal portion of large intestine + UBERON:0001052 + + + + + rectum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_F_Intestine_Large.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_M_Intestine_Large.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4 + cjm + + + + + + MA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000492 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001751 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034896 + ncithesaurus:Rectum + + + + + intestinum rectum + BTO:0001158 + + + + + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + + + + AAO:0010841 + AEO:0000000 + BFO:0000004 + BILA:0000000 + BIRNLEX:6 + CARO:0000000 + EHDAA2:0002229 + FBbt:10000000 + FMA:62955 + HAO:0000000 + MA:0000001 + NCIT:C12219 + TAO:0100000 + TGMA:0001822 + UMLS:C1515976 + WBbt:0000100 + XAO:0000000 + ZFA:0100000 + spatial + uberon + CARO:0000000 + UBERON:0001062 + + + anatomical entity + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + CARO:MAH + + + + + Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. + FMA:62955 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + FBbt:10000000 + + + + + + UMLS:C1515976 + ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. + UBERON:0005627 + pancreatic duct + BTO:0002362 + EHDAA2:0001396 + EHDAA:6905 + EMAPA:17510 + FMA:16003 + GAID:337 + MA:0000126 + MESH:D010183 + NCIT:C12272 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 + SCTID:245385001 + UMLS:C0030288 + VHOG:0000256 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + chief pancreatic duct + duct of Wirsung + main pancreatic duct + uberon + canal of Wirsung + ductus pancreatis ventralis + hepaticopancreatic duct + UBERON:0001064 + + + EDITOR_NOTE in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue + ventral pancreatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000256 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. + WP + + + + + pancreatic duct + MESH:A03.734.667 + + + + + UMLS:C0030288 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Duct + + + + + chief pancreatic duct + FMA:16003 + + + + + duct of Wirsung + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + main pancreatic duct + MA:0000126 + + + + + canal of Wirsung + BTO:0002362 + + + + + hepaticopancreatic duct + BTO:0002362 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36392 + FMA:10462 + FMA:22985 + MA:0000498 + SCTID:181492002 + back skin + back zone of skin + skin, dorsal region + zone of skin of back + uberon + UBERON:0001068 + + EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region + skin of back + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + back zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin, dorsal region + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + zone of skin of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. + + not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO + AAO:0010218 + AAO:0010416 + BTO:0004696 + EFO:0001953 + EHDAA2:0000461 + EMAPA:18611 + FMA:10635 + GAID:480 + MA:0001929 + MESH:D002342 + NCIT:C32551 + SCTID:362044002 + UMLS:C0007275 + VHOG:0000265 + Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery + XAO:0000345 + external carotid + uberon + arteria carotis externa + UBERON:0001070 + + + + + + external carotid artery + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. + MGI:anna + + + + + UMLS:C0007275 + ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery + + + + + external carotid + AAO:0010218 + + + + + arteria carotis externa + Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. + + EMAPA:37117 + FMA:10665 + MA:0002052 + NCIT:C53005 + SCTID:161746006 + UMLS:C0226271 + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + superficial branch of transverse cervical artery + uberon + UBERON:0001071 + + + The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] + superficial cervical artery + + + + + It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37117 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226271 + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery + + + + + superficial branch of transverse cervical artery + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + + Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011083 + BTO:0002682 + EHDAA2:0000611 + EMAPA:18416 + FMA:10951 + GAID:548 + MA:0000480 + MESH:D014682 + NCIT:C12815 + SCTID:181369003 + UMLS:C0042458 + VHOG:0001194 + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + XAO:0000388 + galen:InferiorVenaCava + inferior caval vein + inferior vena cava + posterior vena cava + uberon + caudal vena cava + postcava + vena cava inferior + UBERON:0001072 + + + + posterior vena cava + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png + + + + + + lexical + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. + FMA:10951 + + + + + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001194 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042458 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vena_Cava + + + + + inferior caval vein + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + inferior vena cava + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + + + + + posterior vena cava + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + + + + + caudal vena cava + VHOG:0001194 + + + + + vena cava inferior + BTO:0002682 + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. + EMAPA:37601 + FMA:11338 + MA:0000332 + SCTID:264021000 + ileocaecal junction + uberon + UBERON:0001073 + ileocecal junction + + + + + A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=46539 + + + + + EMAPA:37601 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. + Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO] + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + check ZFA, should actually be thoracic cavity. Note that Hyman defines the cavity as the space between the heart and the sac (but defines the sac as parietal) + BSA:0000091 + EHDAA2:0001434 + EMAPA:16131 + EMAPA:16132 + FMA:11350 + MA:0000053 + NCIT:C38662 + SCTID:362027001 + TAO:0002220 + UMLS:C0225972 + VHOG:0000556 + Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity + ZFA:0001655 + galen:PericardialSpace + cavity of pericardial sac + pericardial space + uberon + cavitas pericardiaca + UBERON:0001074 + + + + pericardial cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. + Wikipedia:Pericardium + + + + + Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002220 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000556 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + check ZFA, should actually be thoracic cavity. Note that Hyman defines the cavity as the space between the heart and the sac (but defines the sac as parietal) + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C0225972 + ncithesaurus:Pericardial_Cavity + + + + + pericardial space + Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity + + + + + cavitas pericardiaca + Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. + EMAPA:32747 + FMA:12148 + MA:0000079 + SCTID:192172004 + TAO:0002247 + VHOG:0000607 + ZFA:0001615 + cardiac ventricle endocardium + endocardium of cardiac ventricle + endocardium of heart ventricle + endocardium of lower chamber of heart + endocardium of ventricle of heart + heart ventricle endocardium + lower chamber of heart endocardium + ventricle endocardium + ventricle of heart endocardium + ventricular endocardium + uberon + ventricle endocardial tissue + UBERON:0001081 + + + endocardium of ventricle + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cardiac ventricle endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of cardiac ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of heart ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of lower chamber of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of ventricle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart ventricle endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower chamber of heart endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventricle of heart endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventricle endocardial tissue + VHOG:0000607 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. + The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + FMA:12150 + TAO:0005058 + ZFA:0005058 + cardiac ventricle epicardium + ventricular epicardium + uberon + UBERON:0001082 + + epicardium of ventricle + + + + + An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005058 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cardiac ventricle epicardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. + Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] + EFO:0003088 + EMAPA:32748 + FMA:12151 + MA:0000082 + SCTID:192084000 + TAO:0005061 + VHOG:0000604 + ZFA:0005061 + ventricle myocardium + ventricular myocardium + uberon + ventricle cardiac muscle + UBERON:0001083 + + + + myocardium of ventricle + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005061 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000604 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + ventricle cardiac muscle + VHOG:0000604 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:12166 + FMA:24756 + MA:0000582 + NCIT:C52757 + SCTID:181484006 + UMLS:C0205029 + adult head zone of skin + head skin + head zone of skin + zone of skin of adult head + zone of skin of head + uberon + UBERON:0001084 + EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region + skin of head + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0205029 + ncithesaurus:Head_Skin + + + + + adult head zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37278 + FMA:12167 + FMA:23093 + MA:0000517 + NCIT:C12295 + SCTID:181489001 + UMLS:C0205031 + torso zone of skin + trunk skin + trunk zone of skin + zone of skin of torso + zone of skin of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0001085 + EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region + skin of trunk + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37278 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0205031 + ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Trunk + + + + + torso zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. + BTO:0003080 + FMA:12273 + MA:0002532 + MAT:0000500 + Wikipedia:Pleural_fluid + ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid + uberon + UBERON:0001087 + + pleural fluid + + + + + Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. + FMA:12273 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. + Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] + It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage + The fluid contains hyaluronan secreted by fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane, lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) secreted by the surface chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma + BTO:0001339 + CALOHA:TS-0996 + ENVO:02000039 + FMA:12277 + GAID:265 + MA:0002544 + MESH:D013582 + NCIT:C33718 + TAO:0005154 + UMLS:C0039097 + Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid + ZFA:0005154 + galen:SynovialFluid + joint fluid + uberon + UBERON:0001090 + + + synovial fluid + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. + https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ + + + + + Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005154 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0039097 + ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid + + + + + joint fluid + https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. + + First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO] + Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO] + 1 + C1 + AAO:0000709 + EHDAA:10606 + EMAPA:19431 + FMA:12519 + GAID:236 + MA:0001421 + MESH:D001270 + NCIT:C32239 + SCTID:181818007 + TAO:0001167 + UMLS:C0004170 + Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) + ZFA:0001167 + C1 vertebra + atlas + atlas (CI) + atlas [C I] + atlas vertebra + cervical atlas + cervical vertebra 1 + first cervical vertebra + vertebra 1 + uberon + UBERON:0001092 + + + + + vertebral bone 1 + + + + + The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000709 + AAO + AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + + + Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001167 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + UMLS:C0004170 + ncithesaurus:C1_Vertebra + + + + + atlas [C I] + FMA:12519 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cervical atlas + MP:0011576 + + + + + cervical vertebra 1 + MA:0001421 + + + + + + vertebra 1 + TAO:0001167 + + + + + + + + + + The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. + + Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO] + not the same as ZFA term 'axis' + 2 + EHDAA:10608 + EMAPA:19432 + FMA:12520 + GAID:237 + MA:0001422 + MESH:D001368 + NCIT:C32240 + SCTID:181819004 + TAO:0001168 + UMLS:C0004457 + Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) + ZFA:0001168 + axis (CII) + axis [C II] + axis vertebra + cervical axis + vertebra 2 + C2 vertebra + cervical vertebra 2 + second cervical vertebra + uberon + C2 + axis + UBERON:0001093 + + + + + vertebral bone 2 + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001168 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + UMLS:C0004457 + ncithesaurus:C2_Vertebra + + + + + axis [C II] + FMA:12520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cervical axis + MP:0004608 + + + + + vertebra 2 + ZFA:0001168 + + + + + cervical vertebra 2 + MA:0001422 + + + + + + axis + MA:0001422 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). + + Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO] + we deliberately merge the MA classes as we believe them equivalent + UBERON:0006070 + caudal vertebra + EMAPA:18374 + FMA:12527 + MA:0000310 + MA:0001420 + NCIT:C32334 + SCTID:361774004 + TAO:0000326 + UMLS:C0223616 + Wikipedia:Caudal_vertebra + XAO:0003079 + ZFA:0000326 + galen:CoccygealVertebra + caudal vertebrae + caudal vertebral bone + caudal vertebral bone element + coccygeal segment + coccygeal vertebra + fused tail vertebra + uberon + coccygea + tail vertebra + UBERON:0001095 + + + + + Taxon notes In zebrafish, Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae + caudal vertebra + + + + + Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000326 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + we deliberately merge the MA classes as we believe them equivalent + MA + + + + + caudal vertebra + FMA:12527 + + + + + + UMLS:C0223616 + ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Vertebra + + + + + caudal vertebrae + + + + + + coccygeal vertebra + FMA:12527 + + + + + fused tail vertebra + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + coccygea + MA:0001420 + + + + + tail vertebra + MA:0000310 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35326 + FMA:12611 + MA:0002691 + anatomical wall of esophagus + anatomical wall of gullet + anatomical wall of oesophagus + esophageal wall + esophagus anatomical wall + esophagus wall + gullet anatomical wall + gullet wall + oesophagus anatomical wall + oesophagus wall + wall of gullet + wall of oesophagus + uberon + UBERON:0001096 + wall of esophagus + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. + + The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. + The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG] + phrenic + The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] + The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution) + barrier between thoracic and abdominal cavities; stop gastric contents from refluxing into the oesophagus + breathing control + originate from the cervical somites, likely C3-C5[PMID:23586979] + BTO:0000341 + CALOHA:TS-0198 + EFO:0000937 + EHDAA2:0003495 + EMAPA:17701 + EV:0100376 + FMA:13295 + GAID:158 + MA:0001904 + MAT:0000502 + MESH:D003964 + NCIT:C12702 + SCTID:181614006 + UMLS:C0011980 + VHOG:0000713 + Wikipedia:Thoracid_diaphragm + diaphragm muscle + diaphragm of thorax + thoracic diaphragm + uberon + midriff + phren + UBERON:0001103 + + + + + diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + + definitional + + + + + A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. + MP:0002279 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution + + + + + The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. + GO:0060539 + + + + + The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000713 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471384618 Colbert EH, Evolution of the vertebrates: a history of the backboned animals through time (2001) p.278 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0011980 + ncithesaurus:Diaphragm + + + + + diaphragm muscle + BTO:0000341 + + + + + midriff + BTO:0000341 + + + + + phren + BTO:0000341 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. + some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts + EMAPA:18306 + FMA:13361 + MA:0000360 + NCIT:C49579 + SCTID:245378000 + UMLS:C0447541 + Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes + hepatic lobe + liver lobe + lobus hepatis + uberon + UBERON:0001113 + lobe of liver + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. + Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes + + + + + UMLS:C0447541 + ncithesaurus:Liver_Lobe + + + + + + + + + The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. + Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] + EHDAA2:0001008 + EHDAA:4001 + EMAPA:18311 + FMA:13362 + MA:0000363 + NCIT:C33481 + SCTID:362182008 + TAO:0005173 + UMLS:C0227481 + VHOG:0001424 + Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver + ZFA:0005173 + liver right lobe + lobus hepaticus dexter + right liver lobe + uberon + 2nd lobe + gall bladder lobe + lobus hepatis dexter + right hepatic lobe + second lobe + UBERON:0001114 + + + right lobe of liver + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Liver.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Liver.glb + + + + + The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver + + + + + Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005173 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0227481 + ncithesaurus:Right_Lobe_of_the_Liver + + + + + lobus hepaticus dexter + + + + + + right liver lobe + ZFA:0005173 + + + + + 2nd lobe + TAO:0005173 + + + + + gall bladder lobe + ZFA:0005173 + + + + + + lobus hepatis dexter + Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver + + + + + + right hepatic lobe + EMAPA:18311 + + + + + second lobe + TAO:0005173 + + + + + + + + + The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. + Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] + EHDAA2:0001000 + EHDAA:3995 + EMAPA:18307 + FMA:13363 + MA:0000361 + NCIT:C32965 + SCTID:362183003 + TAO:0005172 + UMLS:C0227486 + VHOG:0001423 + Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver + ZFA:0005172 + left liver lobe + liver left lobe + lobus hepaticus sinister + uberon + left hepatic lobe + lobus hepatis sinister + UBERON:0001115 + + + left lobe of liver + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Liver.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Liver.glb + + + + + The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver + + + + + Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005172 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0227486 + ncithesaurus:Left_Lobe_of_the_Liver + + + + + lobus hepaticus sinister + + + + + + left hepatic lobe + EMAPA:18307 + + + + + lobus hepatis sinister + Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. + Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO] + The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] + Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG] + spine + AAO:0000699 + AAO:0000734 + BTO:0000818 + EFO:0001369 + EHDA:10119 + EMAPA:35919 + FMA:13478 + GAID:106 + MA:0002416 + MESH:D013131 + NCIT:C12998 + NCIT:C33588 + NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 + SCTID:44300000 + TAO:0001559 + UMLS:C0037949 + UMLS:C1519455 + VHOG:0001142 + VSAO:0000185 + Wikipedia:Vertebral_column + XAO:0003074 + ZFA:0001559 + galen:SpinalColumn + backbone + vertebral column skeleton + uberon + columna vertebralis + dorsal spine + spinal column + vertebral region + UBERON:0001130 + + + + + + vertebral column + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. + VSAO:0000185 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3530322&group_id=76834&atid=2257941 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000185 + VSAO + VSAO:curator + + + + + The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001142 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vertebral+column + + + + + Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001142 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.53 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + spine + FMA:13478 + + + + + UMLS:C0037949 + ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Column + + + + + UMLS:C1519455 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Column + + + + + backbone + FMA:13478 + + + + + vertebral column skeleton + AAO:0000699 + + + + + columna vertebralis + BTO:0000818 + + + + + dorsal spine + BTO:0000818 + + + + + spinal column + MESH:A02.835.232.834 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. + Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO] + AAO:0000729 + EMAPA:37803 + FMA:13479 + MA:0001454 + SCTID:280734009 + Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen + vertebra neural canal + uberon + foramen vertebrale + UBERON:0001131 + + vertebral foramen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png + + + + + A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. + Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000729 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + EMAPA:37803 + MA:th + + + + + foramen vertebrale + Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. + check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit + UBERON:0007096 + AAO:0010245 + AEO:0000142 + BILA:0000134 + BTO:0000199 + CALOHA:TS-0440 + EHDAA2:0003142 + EMAPA:32688 + FMA:14068 + TAO:0005280 + Wikipedia:Cardiac_muscle + ZFA:0005280 + galen:CardiacMuscle + galen:CardiacMuscleTissue + ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle + cardiac muscle + cardiac muscle muscle tissue + cardiac muscle textus muscularis + heart muscle muscle tissue + heart muscle textus muscularis + heart myocardium muscle tissue + heart myocardium textus muscularis + muscle of heart muscle tissue + muscle of heart textus muscularis + muscle tissue of cardiac muscle + muscle tissue of heart muscle + muscle tissue of heart myocardium + muscle tissue of muscle of heart + muscle tissue of myocardium + myocardium muscle tissue + myocardium textus muscularis + textus muscularis of cardiac muscle + textus muscularis of heart muscle + textus muscularis of heart myocardium + textus muscularis of muscle of heart + textus muscularis of myocardium + uberon + cardiac musculature + UBERON:0001133 + + + + cardiac muscle tissue + + + + + Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. + ZFA:0005280 + + + + + cardiac muscle muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart muscle muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart muscle textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart myocardium muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart myocardium textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of heart muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of heart textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of heart muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of heart myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of muscle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of heart muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of heart myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of muscle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac musculature + BILA:0000134 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. + TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. + Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] + Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] + This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] + + + + + skeletal muscle + EMAPA:32716 + FMA:14069 + MA:0002439 + NCIT:C13050 + SCTID:426215008 + UMLS:C0242692 + Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle + uberon + skeletal muscle system + somatic muscle + UBERON:0001134 + + + + skeletal muscle tissue + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Skeletal_muscle.jpg + + + + + Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/324 + + + + + Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005277 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] + FMA:14069 + FMA + + + + + This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000319 + VHOG + PMID:10368962 Oota S, Saitou N, Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees. Mol Biol Evol (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0242692 + ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + skeletal muscle system + BTO:0001103 + + + + + somatic muscle + BTO:0001103 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. + A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] + Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] + (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] + GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells. + AAO:0010244 + AEO:0000141 + BTO:0001260 + CALOHA:TS-0943 + EFO:0000889 + EHDAA2:0003141 + EMAPA:32717 + EV:0100378 + FMA:14070 + GAID:167 + MA:0000166 + MAT:0000303 + MESH:D009130 + MIAA:0000303 + NCIT:C12437 + TAO:0005274 + UMLS:C1267092 + VHOG:0001246 + WBbt:0005781 + Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue + XAO:0000175 + ZFA:0005274 + galen:SmoothMuscle + galen:SmoothMuscleTissue + involuntary muscle + non-striated muscle + smooth muscle + textus muscularis nonstriatus + visceral muscle + visceral muscle tissue + uberon + textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus + UBERON:0001135 + + + + + smooth muscle tissue + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Glatte_Muskelzellen.jpg + + + + + Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. + GO:0006939 + Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue + + + + + A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005274 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010244 + AAO + AAO:CAM + + + + + (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001246 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21416 Chiodin M, Achatz JG, Wanninger A, Martinez P, Molecular architecture of muscles in an acoel and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1267092 + ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + textus muscularis nonstriatus + FMA:14070 + FMA:TA + + + + + + visceral muscle + + + + + + visceral muscle tissue + + + + + + textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus + Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). + AEO:0000111 + BTO:0002422 + CALOHA:TS-1183 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 + EHDAA:2331 + EHDAA:2349 + EHDAA:295 + EHDAA:6073 + EHDAA:640 + EHDAA:646 + EMAPA:32856 + FMA:14074 + MA:0000565 + NCIT:C33105 + SCTID:361918002 + UMLS:C0086610 + Wikipedia:Mesothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001136 + + mesothelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Mesothelium_peritoneal_wash_high_mag.jpg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). + FMA:14074 + Wikipedia:Mesothelium + + + + + UMLS:C0086610 + ncithesaurus:Mesothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. + dorsal + In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body + BTO:0001713 + CALOHA:TS-2223 + EFO:0001405 + FMA:14181 + GAID:30 + MESH:D001415 + NCIT:C13062 + SCTID:123961009 + UMLS:C0004600 + Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) + galen:Back + back + back of body proper + dorsal part of organism + uberon + UBERON:0001137 + + + dorsum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/432px-Gray-back.PNG + + + + + A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. + BSPO:0000063 + UBERONREF:0000006 + Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) + + + + + UMLS:C0004600 + ncithesaurus:Back + + + + + back + FMA:14181 + + + + + back of body proper + FMA:14181 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + + BTO:0002783 + EHDAA2:0001951 + EHDAA:5414 + EMAPA:18643 + FMA:14332 + MA:0002179 + NCIT:C33687 + SCTID:278031001 + UMLS:C0226742 + VHOG:0000552 + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + uberon + upper mesenteric vein + vena mesenterica superior + UBERON:0001138 + + + superior mesenteric vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein + + + + + In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226742 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Vein + + + + + upper mesenteric vein + BTO:0002783 + + + + + vena mesenterica superior + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. + todo - add developmental relationships for other taxa + AAO:0010216 + EMAPA:19221 + FMA:14337 + GAID:534 + MA:0003015 + MESH:D006503 + NCIT:C32736 + SCTID:278191001 + TAO:0000670 + UMLS:C0019155 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + XAO:0000387 + ZFA:0000670 + galen:HepaticVein + liver vein + vein of liver + vena hepatica + uberon + hepatic veins + venae hepaticae + UBERON:0001143 + + + + hepatic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA-abduced-lr + + + + + Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + ZFA:0000670 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565355&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + UMLS:C0019155 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Vein + + + + + liver vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena hepatica + + + + + + hepatic veins + + + + + + venae hepaticae + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. + EMAPA:18644 + FMA:14346 + MA:0002186 + NCIT:C53058 + SCTID:278193003 + UMLS:C0226720 + Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein + female reproductive system gonad vein + female reproductive system gonada vein + gonad of female reproductive system vein + gonada of female reproductive system vein + ovary vein + vein of female reproductive system gonad + vein of female reproductive system gonada + vein of gonad of female reproductive system + vein of gonada of female reproductive system + vein of ovary + uberon + vena ovarica dextra + vena ovarica sinistra + UBERON:0001145 + + ovarian vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Ovarschaf.jpg + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. + Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226720 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Vein + + + + + female reproductive system gonad vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonada vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female reproductive system vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female reproductive system vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovary vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of female reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of female reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of gonad of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of gonada of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of ovary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena ovarica dextra + Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein + + + + + + vena ovarica sinistra + Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. + Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] + The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000333 + EHDAA:3045 + EMAPA:16841 + FMA:14539 + GAID:290 + MA:0000355 + MESH:D003549 + NCIT:C32421 + SCTID:245398005 + TAO:0005166 + UMLS:C0010672 + VHOG:0000213 + Wikipedia:Cystic_duct + ZFA:0005166 + galen:CysticDuct + uberon + ductus cysticus + UBERON:0001152 + + + + cystic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0009493 + + + + + Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005166 + TAO + ZFIN:Curator + + + + + The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000213 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0010672 + ncithesaurus:Cystic_Duct + + + + + ductus cysticus + Wikipedia:Cystic_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. + Some references do not consider the caecum to be part of the colon. + TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates + The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO] + The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + colonic + In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP] + In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN] + it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] + AAO:0010400 + BTO:0000269 + CALOHA:TS-0158 + EFO:0000361 + EMAPA:18939 + EV:0100079 + FMA:14543 + GAID:309 + MA:0000335 + MAP:0000001 + MAT:0000526 + MESH:D003106 + NCIT:C12382 + SCTID:302508007 + TAO:0000706 + UMLS:C0009368 + VHOG:0000648 + Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy) + XAO:0000243 + ZFA:0000706 + galen:Colon + large bowel + posterior intestine + uberon + hindgut + UBERON:0001155 + + + + + colon + + + + + + + + + + 3 + cjm + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. + Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy) + ZFIN:curator + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Some references do not consider the caecum to be part of the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-1316 + + + + + The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010400 + AAO + UBERON:0001155 + + + + + The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000706 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000648 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0009368 + ncithesaurus:Colon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. + + BTO:0000645 + CALOHA:TS-2044 + EFO:0000846 + EMAPA:36391 + FMA:14548 + MAT:0000314 + MESH:D012809 + MIAA:0000314 + NCIT:C12384 + NCIT:C33550 + SCTID:362166007 + UMLS:C0227391 + UMLS:C0682612 + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + galen:SigmoidColon + uberon + colon sigmoideum + pelvic colon + sigmoid colon + sigmoid flexure + UBERON:0001159 + + + + sigmoid colon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_F_Intestine_Large.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/SBU_M_Intestine_Large.glb + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + + + + + UMLS:C0227391 + ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Colon + + + + + UMLS:C0682612 + ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Flexure + + + + + colon sigmoideum + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + + + + + + + + + + The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. + we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type + BTO:0000505 + EMAPA:35810 + FMA:14560 + MA:0002559 + NCIT:C12258 + SCTID:362140009 + UMLS:C0227230 + Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach + galen:GastricCorpus + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + gastric body + stomach body + uberon + corpus gastricum + corpus ventriculare + corpus ventriculi + gastric corpus + UBERON:0001161 + + body of stomach + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. + GO:0014845 + Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach + + + + + UMLS:C0227230 + ncithesaurus:Body_of_Stomach + + + + + corpus gastricum + BTO:0000505 + Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach + + + + + + corpus ventriculare + BTO:0000505 + + + + + corpus ventriculi + BTO:0000505 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. + antrum + BTO:0001732 + EFO:0002555 + EMAPA:17891 + FMA:14579 + GAID:332 + MA:0001624 + MESH:D011706 + NCIT:C12259 + SCTID:362142001 + UMLS:C0034193 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum + galen:PyloricAntrum + antrum of stomach + stomach pyloric antrum + uberon + antrum of Willis + antrum pylori + antrum pyloricum + gastric antrum + stomach antrum + UBERON:0001165 + + + + pyloric antrum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010790 + + + + + UMLS:C0034193 + ncithesaurus:Antrum_Pylori + + + + + antrum of Willis + BTO:0001732 + + + + + antrum pylori + BTO:0001732 + + + + + antrum pyloricum + BTO:0001732 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum + + + + + + gastric antrum + BTO:0001732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. + We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands + The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + pyloric + BTO:0001146 + EHDAA2:0001580 + EHDAA:4860 + EMAPA:17631 + FMA:14581 + GAID:333 + MA:0002560 + MESH:D011708 + NCIT:C12260 + SCTID:362143006 + UMLS:C0034196 + VHOG:0000420 + Wikipedia:Pylorus + galen:Pylorus + pars pylorica + pars pylorica gastricae + pyloric part of stomach + pyloric region + stomach pyloric region + uberon + valvula pylori + UBERON:0001166 + + + pylorus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg + + + + + The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010785 + + + + + The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000420 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000420 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034196 + ncithesaurus:Pylorus + + + + + pars pylorica + + + + + + pars pylorica gastricae + FMA:14581 + FMA:TA + + + + + + stomach pyloric region + EHDAA2:0001580 + + + + + valvula pylori + Wikipedia:Pylorus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. + EMAPA:35826 + FMA:14582 + MA:0002692 + SCTID:279995000 + galen:WallOfStomach + anatomical wall of stomach + anatomical wall of ventriculus + gastric wall + stomach anatomical wall + stomach wall + ventriculus anatomical wall + ventriculus wall + wall of ventriculus + uberon + UBERON:0001167 + + wall of stomach + + + + + The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010783 + + + + + anatomical wall of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35785 + FMA:14615 + MA:0002696 + NCIT:C33573 + UMLS:C1519375 + anatomical wall of small bowel + anatomical wall of small intestine + small bowel anatomical wall + small bowel wall + small intestinal wall + small intestine anatomical wall + small intestine wall + wall of small bowel + uberon + UBERON:0001168 + wall of small intestine + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1519375 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Wall_Tissue + + + + + anatomical wall of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35470 + FMA:14619 + MA:0002695 + anatomical wall of large intestine + large intestinal wall + large intestine anatomical wall + large intestine wall + uberon + UBERON:0001169 + wall of large intestine + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. + EMAPA:37745 + FMA:14643 + MA:0001555 + SCTID:245456008 + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29 + mesentery (proper) + mesentery proper + small intestinal mesentery + small intestine mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0001170 + mesentery of small intestine + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29 + + + + + EMAPA:37745 + MA:th + + + + + mesentery (proper) + Wikipedia:Mesentery + + + + + mesentery proper + FMA:14643 + + + + + small intestinal mesentery + FMA:14643 + + + + + small intestine mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + FMA:14653 + MA:0002498 + NCIT:C33341 + UMLS:C0682620 + uberon + UBERON:0001171 + + portal lobule + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + MP + + + + + The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + MP:0008992 + + + + + UMLS:C0682620 + ncithesaurus:Portal_Lobule + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. + EMAPA:35497 + FMA:14654 + MA:0002496 + NCIT:C32992 + SCTID:272214009 + UMLS:C0227519 + liver acinus + portal acinus + uberon + UBERON:0001172 + hepatic acinus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/histo_acinus.html + + + + + UMLS:C0227519 + ncithesaurus:Liver_Acinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. + + Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] + AAO:0011020 + EMAPA:35172 + FMA:14665 + MESH:D001659 + SCTID:181267003 + UMLS:C0005423 + Wikipedia:Biliary_tract + XAO:0000455 + uberon + biliary tract + UBERON:0001173 + + + + The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] + biliary tree + + + + + A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. + DOI:10.1002/ar.20664 + + + + + Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011020 + AAO + UBERON:0001173 + + + + + MESH:D001659 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0005423 + ncithesaurus:Biliary_Tract + + + + + biliary tract + MA:0001273 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. + + Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] + The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000303 + EHDAA:3981 + EMAPA:17201 + FMA:14667 + GAID:282 + MA:0001631 + MESH:D003135 + NCIT:C12698 + SCTID:362199009 + TAO:0005165 + UMLS:C0009437 + VHOG:0000214 + Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct + ZFA:0005165 + galen:CommonBileDuct + ductus choledochus (biliaris) + uberon + ductus choledochus + UBERON:0001174 + + + + + common bile duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + + + + + The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. + MGI:csmith + MP:0009495 + + + + + Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005165 + TAO + ZFIN:Curator + + + + + The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000214 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0009437 + ncithesaurus:Common_Bile_Duct + + + + + ductus choledochus + Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. + TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part + The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + EMAPA:19101 + FMA:14668 + GAID:286 + MA:0002660 + MESH:D006500 + NCIT:C32356 + SCTID:245403006 + UMLS:C0019149 + VHOG:0000220 + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct + uberon + ductus hepaticus communis + hepatic duct + UBERON:0001175 + + + common hepatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000220 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0019149 + ncithesaurus:Common_Hepatic_Duct + + + + + ductus hepaticus communis + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. + The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001727 + EHDAA:3992 + EMAPA:32797 + FMA:14669 + MA:0001639 + NCIT:C33476 + SCTID:245401008 + UMLS:C0227557 + VHOG:0000217 + uberon + ductus hepaticus dexter + UBERON:0001176 + right hepatic duct + + + + + The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. + http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26034 + + + + + The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000217 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227557 + ncithesaurus:Right_Hepatic_Duct + + + + + ductus hepaticus dexter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. + The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000941 + EHDAA:3990 + EMAPA:32795 + FMA:14670 + MA:0001638 + NCIT:C32960 + SCTID:245400009 + UMLS:C0227560 + VHOG:0000218 + uberon + ductus hepaticus sinister + UBERON:0001177 + left hepatic duct + + + + + The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. + http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26035 + + + + + The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000218 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227560 + ncithesaurus:Left_Hepatic_Duct + + + + + ductus hepaticus sinister + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. + EMAPA:16592 + FMA:14703 + SCTID:362702003 + TAO:0005132 + VHOG:0001528 + Wikipedia:Visceral_peritoneum + ZFA:0005132 + visceral serous membrane of peritoneum + uberon + UBERON:0001178 + + + visceral peritoneum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + + + + + The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. + Wikipedia:Peritoneum#Types + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + visceral serous membrane of peritoneum + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. + The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG] + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0001782 + EHDAA2:0001446 + EMAPA:16138 + FMA:14704 + GAID:24 + MA:0000054 + MESH:D010529 + NCIT:C12769 + SCTID:181616008 + UMLS:C1704247 + VHOG:0000852 + Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity + uberon + cavitas peritonealis + saccus serosus peritonei + UBERON:0001179 + + + peritoneal cavity + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. + Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000852 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peritoneal+cavity + + + + + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000852 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1704247 + ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Cavity + + + + + cavitas peritonealis + BTO:0001782 + Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity + + + + + + saccus serosus peritonei + Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies an ovary. + + In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. + EMAPA:18620 + FMA:14761 + MA:0002012 + NCIT:C33242 + SCTID:244280002 + UMLS:C0226411 + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + ovarian arterial tree + uberon + arteria ovarica + UBERON:0001190 + + + ovarian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png + + + + + An artery that supplies an ovary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226411 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Artery + + + + + arteria ovarica + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies the liver. + currently defined in a generic fashion. + + Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] + BTO:0004307 + EMAPA:17859 + FMA:14769 + GAID:496 + MA:0001963 + MESH:D006499 + NCIT:C32729 + SCTID:76015000 + TAO:0005161 + UMLS:C0019145 + ZFA:0005161 + galen:HepaticArtery + arteria hepatica propria + uberon + arteria hepatica + UBERON:0001193 + + + + hepatic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Common_and_proper_hepatic_artery.png + + + + + An artery that supplies the liver. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005161 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0019145 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Artery + + + + + arteria hepatica propria + + + + + + arteria hepatica + BTO:0004307 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies the spleen. + + EMAPA:19216 + FMA:14773 + GAID:510 + MA:0001991 + MA:0003177 + MESH:D013157 + NCIT:C33597 + SCTID:244266009 + UMLS:C0037996 + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + galen:SplenicArtery + arteria splenica + lienal artery + uberon + arteria lienalis + UBERON:0001194 + + + splenic artery + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/268 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + An artery that supplies the spleen. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0037996 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Artery + + + + + arteria splenica + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + + + + + + lienal artery + MA:0001991 + + + + + arteria lienalis + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. + The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. + BTO:0001308 + CALOHA:TS-0404 + EMAPA:35817 + FMA:14907 + GAID:321 + MA:0002683 + MESH:D005753 + NCIT:C32656 + SCTID:362131005 + UMLS:C0017136 + Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa + galen:GastricMucosa + gastric mucosa + gastric mucous membrane + mucosa of organ of stomach + mucosa of organ of ventriculus + mucosa of ventriculus + mucous membrane of stomach + mucous membrane of ventriculus + organ mucosa of stomach + organ mucosa of ventriculus + stomach mucosa + stomach mucosa of organ + stomach mucous membrane + stomach organ mucosa + tunica mucosa (gaster) + tunica mucosa gastricae + ventriculus mucosa + ventriculus mucosa of organ + ventriculus mucous membrane + ventriculus organ mucosa + uberon + Magenschleimhaut + tunica mucosa gastris + UBERON:0001199 + + + mucosa of stomach + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Normal_gastric_mucosa_intermed_mag.jpg + + + + + The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. + Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa + + + + + UMLS:C0017136 + ncithesaurus:Gastric_Mucosa + + + + + mucosa of organ of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa gastricae + FMA:14907 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Magenschleimhaut + BTO:0001308 + + + + + tunica mucosa gastris + BTO:0001308 + Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. + BTO:0002110 + EMAPA:35825 + FMA:14908 + MA:0002685 + NCIT:C32663 + SCTID:52459002 + UMLS:C0227211 + gastric submucosa + stomach submucosa + submucosa of ventriculus + tela submucosa (gaster) + tela submucosa gastricae + ventriculus submucosa + uberon + submucous layer of stomach + tela submucosa ventriculi + UBERON:0001200 + + submucosa of stomach + + + + + The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010794 + + + + + UMLS:C0227211 + ncithesaurus:Gastric_Submucosa + + + + + submucosa of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa gastricae + FMA:14908 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucous layer of stomach + BTO:0002110 + + + + + tela submucosa ventriculi + BTO:0002110 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. + TODO - check serosa/peritoneum + EMAPA:35822 + FMA:14914 + MA:0001626 + NCIT:C32662 + SCTID:1353004 + UMLS:C1517453 + anatomical wall of stomach serosa + anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane + anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa + anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane + gastric wall serosa + gastric wall serous membrane + serosa of anatomical wall of stomach + serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus + serosa of gastric wall + serosa of stomach anatomical wall + serosa of stomach wall + serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall + serosa of ventriculus wall + serosa of wall of stomach + serosa of wall of ventriculus + serous coat of stomach + serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach + serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus + serous membrane of gastric wall + serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall + serous membrane of stomach wall + serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall + serous membrane of ventriculus wall + serous membrane of wall of stomach + serous membrane of wall of ventriculus + stomach anatomical wall serosa + stomach anatomical wall serous membrane + stomach serosa + stomach wall serosa + stomach wall serous membrane + tunica serosa (gaster) + tunica serosa gastricae + ventriculus anatomical wall serosa + ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane + ventriculus wall serosa + ventriculus wall serous membrane + visceral peritoneum of stomach + wall of stomach serosa + wall of stomach serous membrane + wall of ventriculus serosa + wall of ventriculus serous membrane + uberon + gastric serosa + UBERON:0001201 + + serosa of stomach + + + + + The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010793 + + + + + UMLS:C1517453 + ncithesaurus:Gastric_Serosal_Surface + + + + + anatomical wall of stomach serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of anatomical wall of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of gastric wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of stomach anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of stomach wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of ventriculus wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of wall of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of gastric wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of stomach wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of ventriculus wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of wall of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of wall of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach anatomical wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach anatomical wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica serosa gastricae + FMA:14914 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus anatomical wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of stomach serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of stomach serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of ventriculus serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of ventriculus serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. + + (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] + AAO:0011093 + EMAPA:19251 + FMA:14916 + MA:0002952 + NCIT:C33433 + SCTID:268073008 + UMLS:C0227238 + VHOG:0001466 + XAO:0000457 + pyloric valve + uberon + UBERON:0001202 + + + pyloric sphincter + + + + + A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001466 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00076.x + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227238 + ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Sphincter + + + + + pyloric valve + Wikipedia:Pylorus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0001259 + CALOHA:TS-0941 + EMAPA:35780 + FMA:14933 + MA:0002686 + NCIT:C33568 + SCTID:362144000 + UMLS:C0227261 + mucosa of organ of small bowel + mucosa of organ of small intestine + mucosa of small bowel + mucous membrane of small bowel + mucous membrane of small intestine + organ mucosa of small bowel + organ mucosa of small intestine + small bowel mucosa + small bowel mucosa of organ + small bowel mucous membrane + small bowel organ mucosa + small intestinal mucosa + small intestine mucosa + small intestine mucosa of organ + small intestine mucous membrane + small intestine organ mucosa + tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) + tunica mucosa intestini tenuis + uberon + UBERON:0001204 + mucosa of small intestine + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227261 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Mucosa + + + + + mucosa of organ of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa intestini tenuis + FMA:14933 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. + BTO:0002112 + EMAPA:37564 + FMA:14934 + MA:0001562 + NCIT:C33572 + SCTID:691000 + UMLS:C0227268 + Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa + small bowel submucosa + small intestinal submucosa + small intestine submucosa + submucosa of small bowel + tela submucosa (intestinum tenue) + tela submucosa intestini tenuis + uberon + UBERON:0001205 + + submucosa of small intestine + + + + + Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. + Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa + + + + + EMAPA:37564 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0227268 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Submucosa + + + + + small bowel submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa intestini tenuis + BTO:0002112 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia + EMAPA:37561 + FMA:14938 + MA:0001558 + SCTID:8266009 + serosa of small bowel + serous coat of small intestine + serous membrane of small bowel + serous membrane of small intestine + small bowel serosa + small bowel serous membrane + small intestinal serosa + small intestine serosa + small intestine serous membrane + tunica serosa (intestinum tenue) + tunica serosa intestini tenuis + visceral peritoneum of small intestine + uberon + UBERON:0001206 + serosa of small intestine + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37561 + MA:th + + + + + serosa of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica serosa intestini tenuis + FMA:14938 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-2106 + EMAPA:35467 + FMA:14969 + MA:0002688 + NCIT:C32926 + UMLS:C0734203 + large intestinal mucosa + large intestine mucosa + large intestine mucosa of organ + large intestine mucous membrane + large intestine organ mucosa + mucosa of organ of large intestine + mucous membrane of large intestine + organ mucosa of large intestine + tunica mucosa intestini crassi + uberon + UBERON:0001207 + mucosa of large intestine + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0734203 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Mucosa + + + + + large intestine mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa intestini crassi + FMA:14969 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0002111 + EMAPA:37560 + FMA:14970 + MA:0002690 + NCIT:C32930 + UMLS:C0734204 + large intestinal submucosa + large intestine submucosa + tela submucosa intestini crassi + uberon + submucous layer of large intestine + UBERON:0001208 + submucosa of large intestine + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37560 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0734204 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Submucosa + + + + + tela submucosa intestini crassi + FMA:14970 + FMA:TA + + + + + + submucous layer of large intestine + BTO:0002111 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - check serosa/peritoneum + EMAPA:37557 + FMA:14975 + MA:0001546 + NCIT:C32929 + UMLS:C1517727 + large intestinal serosa + large intestine serosa + large intestine serous membrane + serous coat of large intestine + serous membrane of large intestine + tunica serosa intestini crassi + visceral peritoneum of large intestine + uberon + UBERON:0001209 + serosa of large intestine + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37557 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1517727 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Serosal_Surface + + + + + large intestine serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica serosa intestini crassi + FMA:14975 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. + currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum. + Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds + BTO:0002376 + EMAPA:36522 + FMA:15060 + GAID:314 + MA:0001551 + MESH:D002011 + NCIT:C13010 + SCTID:41298001 + UMLS:C0006323 + Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands + Brunner's gland + gland of Brunner + submucosal gland of duodenum + uberon + glandula duodenales + glandula duodenales Brunneri + UBERON:0001212 + + + + duodenal gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MP + + + + + + compound tubular + + + + + + MA-inferred + + + + + + FMA, modified + + + + + + unclear for Aves + ISBN:9780521617147 + + + + + A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. + Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands + + + + + Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds + ISBN:9780521617147 + + + + + UMLS:C0006323 + ncithesaurus:Brunner_s_Gland + + + + + Brunner's gland + FMA:15060 + + + + + gland of Brunner + FMA:15060 + + + + + glandula duodenales + BTO:0002376 + + + + + + glandula duodenales Brunneri + BTO:0002376 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. + in mammals, villi are (largely?) absent from the large intestine, so we treat this as equivalent to small intestinal villus. small/large subdivision may not make sense for all species for which this is present (see ZFA). Note that VHOG quotes ISBN:978-0030223693 as suggesting there are some villi in the large intestine + The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but, the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] + the BTO class refers to a generic villous + UBERON:0007607 + BTO:0003121 + EMAPA:35784 + FMA:15072 + MA:0001563 + NCIT:C33874 + SCTID:23230007 + TAO:0005125 + UMLS:C1519988 + Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus + ZFA:0005125 + enteric villi + enteric villous + enteric villus + intestinal villi + villi intestinales + villus + villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) + uberon + intestinal villus layer + small intestine villus + villi intestinales + UBERON:0001213 + + + + intestinal villus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. + MGI:csmith + MGI:rbabiuk + MP:0008108 + + + + + The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but, the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005125 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + the BTO class refers to a generic villous + BTO + + + + + UMLS:C1519988 + ncithesaurus:Villus + + + + + enteric villi + HP:0011473 + + + + + + enteric villous + HP:0011473 + + + + + enteric villus + HP:0011473 + + + + + intestinal villi + ZFA:0005125 + + + + + + villi intestinales + + + + + + villus + BTO:0003121 + + + + + villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) + FMA:15072 + + + + + small intestine villus + MA:0001563 + + + + + villi intestinales + Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + + BTO:0002782 + EHDAA2:0000819 + EHDAA:8712 + EMAPA:18642 + FMA:15391 + MA:0002178 + NCIT:C32782 + SCTID:281055007 + UMLS:C0226754 + VHOG:0001118 + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + uberon + lower mesenteric vein + vena mesenterica inferior + UBERON:0001215 + + + inferior mesenteric vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + FMA/obol + + + + + A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226754 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Vein + + + + + lower mesenteric vein + BTO:0002782 + + + + + vena mesenterica inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. + EMAPA:35779 + FMA:15651 + MA:0001554 + NCIT:C49297 + SCTID:63588008 + UMLS:C1711325 + lamina propria mucosa of small bowel + lamina propria mucosa of small intestine + lamina propria mucosae of small bowel + lamina propria mucosae of small intestine + lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine + lamina propria of small bowel + small bowel lamina propria + small bowel lamina propria mucosa + small bowel lamina propria mucosae + small intestine lamina propria + small intestine lamina propria mucosa + small intestine lamina propria mucosae + uberon + UBERON:0001238 + lamina propria of small intestine + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. + GOC:Obol + + + + + UMLS:C1711325 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. + BTO:0000642 + EMAPA:35440 + FMA:15695 + GAID:296 + MA:0001537 + MESH:D007413 + NCIT:C49241 + SCTID:362080002 + UMLS:C0021839 + bowel mucosa + bowel mucosa of organ + bowel mucous membrane + bowel organ mucosa + intestine mucosa + intestine mucosa of organ + intestine mucous membrane + intestine organ mucosa + mucosa of bowel + mucosa of intestine + mucosa of organ of bowel + mucosa of organ of intestine + mucous membrane of bowel + mucous membrane of intestine + organ mucosa of bowel + organ mucosa of intestine + tunica mucosa intestini + uberon + UBERON:0001242 + + + intestinal mucosa + + + + + Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + UMLS:C0021839 + ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Mucosa + + + + + bowel mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - check serosa/peritoneum + EMAPA:37619 + FMA:15701 + MA:0001538 + anatomical wall of bowel serosa + anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane + anatomical wall of intestine serosa + anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane + bowel anatomical wall serosa + bowel anatomical wall serous membrane + bowel wall serosa + bowel wall serous membrane + intestinal serosa + intestinal wall serosa + intestinal wall serous membrane + intestine anatomical wall serosa + intestine anatomical wall serous membrane + intestine serosa + intestine wall serosa + intestine wall serous membrane + serosa of anatomical wall of bowel + serosa of anatomical wall of intestine + serosa of bowel anatomical wall + serosa of bowel wall + serosa of intestinal wall + serosa of intestine anatomical wall + serosa of intestine wall + serosa of wall of bowel + serosa of wall of intestine + serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel + serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine + serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall + serous membrane of bowel wall + serous membrane of intestinal wall + serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall + serous membrane of intestine wall + serous membrane of wall of bowel + serous membrane of wall of intestine + visceral peritoneum of intestine + wall of bowel serosa + wall of bowel serous membrane + wall of intestine serosa + wall of intestine serous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0001243 + serosa of intestine + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37619 + MA:th + + + + + anatomical wall of bowel serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of intestine serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel anatomical wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel anatomical wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinal wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinal wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine anatomical wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine anatomical wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine wall serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine wall serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of anatomical wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of anatomical wall of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of bowel anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of bowel wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of intestinal wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of intestine anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of intestine wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of wall of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of bowel wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of intestinal wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of intestine wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of wall of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of bowel serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of bowel serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of intestine serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of intestine serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. + + anal + In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html + BTO:0001680 + CALOHA:TS-2005 + EV:0100082 + FBbt:00047153 + FMA:15711 + GAID:312 + MA:0000331 + NCIT:C43362 + SCTID:181262009 + TADS:0000066 + TGMA:0001279 + UMLS:C0003461 + WBbt:0005364 + Wikipedia:Anus + galen:Anus + anal opening + anal orifice + opening of terminal part of digestive tract + uberon + proctodeum + UBERON:0001245 + + + + anus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + + + + + Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. + Wikipedia:Anus + ZFIN:curator + + + + + FBbt:00047153 + + + + + + UMLS:C0003461 + ncithesaurus:Anus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. + FMA:15767 + MA:0002668 + NCIT:C32827 + SCTID:83488001 + UMLS:C0227515 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_bile_ducts + interlobular ductule + uberon + UBERON:0001246 + + interlobular bile duct + + + + + + + + + + FMA + MA-part-of + + + + + + FMA + MA + MP + + + + + The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. + MP:0009500 + + + + + UMLS:C0227515 + ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Bile_Duct + + + + + interlobular ductule + MP:0009500 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different + BTO:0000647 + EMAPA:35444 + FMA:15949 + MA:0001525 + MA:0002693 + NCIT:C49478 + UMLS:C1708548 + anatomical wall of bowel + anatomical wall of intestine + bowel anatomical wall + bowel wall + intestinal wall + intestine anatomical wall + intestine wall + wall of bowel + uberon + bowel wall + UBERON:0001262 + wall of intestine + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708548 + ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Wall_Tissue + + + + + anatomical wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel wall + MA:0001525 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. + + BTO:0000028 + EMAPA:35651 + FMA:16011 + MA:0002417 + NCIT:C49268 + SCTID:247604006 + UMLS:C0227578 + acinus pancreaticus + pancreas acinus + uberon + pancreatic acinar + pancreatic acini + UBERON:0001263 + + + pancreatic acinus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. + MP:0009145 + + + + + BTO:0000028 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0227578 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Acinus + + + + + acinus pancreaticus + FMA:16011 + + + + + + pancreatic acini + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. + + Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + pancreatic + As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) + The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm + The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans + AAO:0010112 + BTO:0000988 + CALOHA:TS-0736 + EFO:0000855 + EHDAA2:0001367 + EHDAA:6893 + EMAPA:17503 + EV:0100092 + FMA:7198 + GAID:334 + MA:0000120 + MAT:0000075 + MESH:D010179 + MIAA:0000075 + NCIT:C12393 + SCTID:181277001 + TAO:0000140 + UMLS:C0030274 + VHOG:0000050 + Wikipedia:Pancreas + XAO:0000136 + ZFA:0000140 + galen:Pancreas + uberon + UBERON:0001264 + + + + + + + + pancreas + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Pancreas.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Pancreas.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Blausen_0699_PancreasAnatomy2.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. + GO:0031016 + + + + + Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010112 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000050 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) + PMID:20959416 + + + + + The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans + PMID:16417468 + + + + + UMLS:C0030274 + ncithesaurus:Pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a spleen. + + EMAPA:35808 + FMA:16027 + MA:0000758 + NCIT:C33607 + SCTID:61987002 + UMLS:C0229688 + Wikipedia:Trabeculae_of_spleen + spleen trabeculum + splenic trabecula + trabeculae of spleen + uberon + UBERON:0001265 + + trabecula of spleen + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a spleen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0229688 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecula + + + + + trabeculae of spleen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. + BTO:0001031 + EMAPA:35683 + FMA:16515 + MA:0002531 + MESH:D001202 + Wikipedia:Peritoneal_fluid + ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid + uberon + UBERON:0001268 + + + peritoneal fluid + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. + FMA:16515 + + + + + MESH:D001202 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. + this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented + Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] + EMAPA:37862 + FMA:16581 + NCIT:C33291 + SCTID:360010001 + UMLS:C0684083 + VSAO:0000304 + uberon + girdle - pelvic + pelvic girdle + UBERON:0001271 + + + pelvic girdle region + + + + + The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. + DOI:10.1002/dvdy.22617 + FMA:16581 + FMA:23217 + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://groups.google.com/d/topic/obo-anatomy/h4R4xKmINrw/discussion + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000304 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37862 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0684083 + ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Girdle + + + + + pelvic girdle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial layer of the stomach . + in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular + BTO:0000500 + CALOHA:TS-2068 + EHDAA2:0001918 + EMAPA:17023 + FMA:17091 + MA:0001610 + SCTID:64977002 + VHOG:0001433 + epithelial tissue of stomach + epithelial tissue of ventriculus + epithelium of ventriculus + stomach epithelial tissue + stomach epithelium + ventriculus epithelial tissue + ventriculus epithelium + uberon + gastric epithelium + UBERON:0001276 + + epithelium of stomach + + + + + The epithelial layer of the stomach . + MP:0000471 + + + + + in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular + FMA + + + + + epithelial tissue of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric epithelium + BTO:0000500 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. + Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] + BTO:0000781 + EMAPA:32873 + FMA:17229 + MA:0001536 + NCIT:C49240 + SCTID:266135004 + TAO:0005124 + UMLS:C0226890 + Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium + ZFA:0005124 + bowel epithelial tissue + bowel epithelium + epithelial tissue of bowel + epithelial tissue of intestine + epithelium of bowel + epithelium of intestine + intestine epithelial tissue + villous epithelium + uberon + intestine epithelium + UBERON:0001277 + + + + intestinal epithelium + + + + + Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005124 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0226890 + ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Epithelium + + + + + bowel epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + villous epithelium + ZFA:0005124 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-2105 + EMAPA:35466 + FMA:17301 + MA:0001545 + epithelial tissue of large intestine + large intestinal epithelium + large intestine epithelial tissue + large intestine epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001278 + epithelium of large intestine + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + + The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. + FMA:17523 + MA:0002499 + NCIT:C33342 + SCTID:362192000 + UMLS:C0227514 + Wikipedia:Portal_triad + trias hepatica + uberon + trias hepatica + UBERON:0001279 + + + + portal triad + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG + + + + + A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0008993 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0227514 + ncithesaurus:Portal_Triad + + + + + trias hepatica + Wikipedia:Portal_triad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The functional units of the liver including the lobules. + the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0003223 + AAO:0010405 + EHDAA2:0001004 + EHDAA:2201 + EMAPA:17203 + FMA:17540 + MA:0000366 + NCIT:C32735 + SCTID:363535004 + UMLS:C0736268 + VHOG:0000539 + XAO:0000454 + hepatic parenchyma + liver parenchyme + parenchyma of liver + uberon + hepatic parenchyme + UBERON:0001280 + + liver parenchyma + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + The functional units of the liver including the lobules. + MP:0008986 + + + + + the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000539 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/ar.20524 Hardman RC, Volz DC, Kullman SW, Hinton DE, An in vivo look at vertebrate liver architecture: three-dimensional reconstruction from Medaka (Oryzias latipes). The Anatomical Record (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + hepatic parenchyma + FMA:17540 + + + + + liver parenchyme + XAO:0000454 + + + + + parenchyma of liver + FMA:17540 + + + + + hepatic parenchyme + VHOG:0000539 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. + + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0003275 + EHDAA2:0000999 + EMAPA:17365 + FMA:17543 + MA:0000367 + NCIT:C32733 + SCTID:67435004 + TAO:0005091 + UMLS:C0227523 + VHOG:0000708 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + ZFA:0005091 + liver hepatic sinusoids + liver sinusoid + liver sinusoidal blood vessel + sinusoid of liver + sinusoidal blood vessel of liver + vas capillare sinusoideum + vas sinusoideum + uberon + hepatic sinusoids + UBERON:0001281 + + + + + hepatic sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000708 + VHOG + DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ, Weinkle TK, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227523 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Sinusoid + + + + + liver hepatic sinusoids + EHDAA2:0000999 + + + + + liver sinusoidal blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sinusoid of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sinusoidal blood vessel of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vas sinusoideum + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. + Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) + + FMA:17545 + MA:0002669 + NCIT:C32255 + SCTID:227002 + SCTID:269922006 + UMLS:C0227517 + Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering + canal of Herring + cholangiole + ductus interlobularis bilifer + uberon + canal of Hering + canals of Hering + duct of Herring + intrahepatic bile ductule + UBERON:0001282 + + + + intralobular bile duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. + MGI:csmith + MP:0009499 + + + + + UMLS:C0227517 + ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Hering + + + + + canal of Herring + FMA:17545 + + + + + cholangiole + FMA:17545 + + + + + ductus interlobularis bilifer + FMA:17545 + FMA:TA + + + + + + canals of Hering + Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering + + + + + + duct of Herring + Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering + + + + + intrahepatic bile ductule + Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. + EMAPA:18184 + EMAPA:37481 + FMA:19086 + MA:0000534 + muscle organ of pelvis + pelvic muscle + pelvis muscle + pelvis muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0001325 + + + muscle of pelvis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMAdef + + + + + + MA + + + + + Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. + FMA:19086 + + + + + EMAPA:37481 + MA:th + + + + + muscle organ of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pelvic muscle + FMA:19086 + + + + + pelvis muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + EFO:0000847 + EHDAA2:0000122 + EHDAA:2931 + EMAPA:16831 + MA:0000329 + MAT:0000042 + MIAA:0000042 + NCIT:C32069 + SCTID:362680001 + UMLS:C0230120 + VHOG:0000395 + WBbt:0006919 + uberon + posterior + posterior end of organism + UBERON:0001353 + + + + anal region + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/507 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray408.png + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000395 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0230120 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. + Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO] + UBERON:0004459 + AAO:0010816 + EMAPA:16591 + FMA:21451 + SCTID:362700006 + TAO:0005131 + VHOG:0001527 + Wikipedia:Parietal_peritoneum + ZFA:0005131 + parietal serous membrane of peritoneum + uberon + peritoneal cavity lining + UBERON:0001366 + + + parietal peritoneum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + + + + + The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. + Wikipedia:Peritoneum#Types + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010816 + AAO + AAO:JMG + + + + + parietal serous membrane of peritoneum + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37282 + FMA:22984 + MA:0000546 + SCTID:181517009 + pelvic skin + pelvis skin + pelvis zone of skin + zone of skin of pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0001415 + skin of pelvis + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37282 + MA:th + + + + + pelvis zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + EFO:0000214 + FMA:22988 + FMA:23000 + MA:0000523 + NCIT:C52758 + SCTID:361707007 + UMLS:C0222166 + abdomen skin + abdomen zone of skin + abdominal skin + skin of abdomen proper + zone of skin of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0001416 + + + skin of abdomen + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0222166 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Skin + + + + + abdomen zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of abdomen proper + FMA:22988 + + + + + zone of skin of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37277 + FMA:23021 + FMA:23022 + MA:0000590 + NCIT:C52756 + SCTID:361705004 + UMLS:C0205030 + neck (volume) zone of skin + neck skin + neck zone of skin + zone of skin of neck + zone of skin of neck (volume) + uberon + UBERON:0001417 + skin of neck + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37277 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0205030 + ncithesaurus:Neck_Skin + + + + + neck (volume) zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37765 + FMA:23028 + FMA:23029 + MA:0000564 + SCTID:281723000 + thoracic skin + thorax skin + thorax zone of skin + zone of skin of thorax + uberon + upper body skin + UBERON:0001418 + skin of thorax + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37765 + MA:th + + + + + thorax zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. + this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). + + An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO] + Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO] + EMAPA:37856 + FMA:23217 + SCTID:229759004 + VSAO:0000305 + galen:ShoulderGirdle + cingulum membri superioris + girdle - pectoral + cingulum membri superioris + shoulder girdle + upper limb girdle + uberon + pectoral girdle + pectoral region + UBERON:0001421 + + + + pectoral girdle region + + + + + An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. + FMA:23217 + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000305 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO] + 2012-09-06 + VSAO:0000305 + VSAO + Curator + + + + + EMAPA:37856 + MA:th + + + + + cingulum membri superioris + FMA:23217 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cingulum membri superioris + FMA:TA + + + + + shoulder girdle + FMA:23217 + + + + + upper limb girdle + FMA:23217 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. + + Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] + Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] + System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] + By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] + skeletal + GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates + AAO:0000566 + BTO:0001486 + CALOHA:TS-1320 + EFO:0000806 + EHDAA2:0003168 + EMAPA:35773 + FMA:23881 + MA:0000018 + NCIT:C12788 + TAO:0000434 + UMLS:C0037253 + VHOG:0001254 + VSAO:0000027 + XAO:0003060 + ZFA:0000434 + skeleton system + set of all bones and joints + uberon + Skelettsystem + UBERON:0001434 + + + + + skeletal system + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system + + + + + Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000027 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000434 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000027 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000566 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001254 + VHOG + DOI:10.1159/000324245 Donoghue PCJ, Sansom IJ, Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microscopy research and technique (2002) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates + GO + + + + + UMLS:C0037253 + ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System + + + + + set of all bones and joints + + + + + + Skelettsystem + BTO:0001486 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:24218 + SCTID:123852005 + XAO:0000040 + head subdivision + uberon + head region + region of head + UBERON:0001444 + + subdivision of head + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). + Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. + The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. + facial + The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) + BTO:0003369 + CALOHA:TS-2216 + EMAPA:32763 + FMA:24728 + GAID:64 + HAO:0000316 + MA:0002473 + MESH:D005145 + NCIT:C13071 + SCTID:302549007 + UMLS:C0015450 + Wikipedia:Face + galen:Face + uberon + facia/facies + visage + UBERON:0001456 + + + face + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg + + + + + A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. + FMA:24728 + + + + + The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. + HAO:0000316 + http://api.hymao.org/api/ref/67791 + NCBITaxon:7399 + + + + + The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) + vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf + + + + + UMLS:C0015450 + ncithesaurus:Face + + + + + facia/facies + Wikipedia:Face + + + + + + visage + BTO:0003369 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37643 + FMA:24764 + MA:0001579 + NCIT:C12291 + SCTID:244092005 + UMLS:C0222101 + lip skin + lip zone of skin + zone of skin of lip + uberon + skin of lips + UBERON:0001458 + skin of lip + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37643 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0222101 + ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lip + + + + + lip zone of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + zone of skin of lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of lips + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. + + + + Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] + Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] + Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] + AAO:0000047 + AEO:0000082 + BTO:0000140 + CALOHA:TS-0088 + EFO:0000298 + EHDAA2:0003082 + EMAPA:32782 + ENVO:00002039 + EV:0100140 + FMA:30317 + FMA:5018 + GAID:92 + MA:0001459 + MAT:0000299 + MIAA:0000299 + NCIT:C12366 + SCTID:90780006 + TAO:0001514 + UMLS:C0262950 + VHOG:0001190 + VSAO:0000057 + Wikipedia:Bone + XAO:0000169 + ZFA:0001514 + galen:Bone + bone organ + uberon + bone + bones + UBERON:0001474 + + + + + + + bone element + + + + + + + + + + VSAO-modified + + + + + Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000057 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/277 + + + + + Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000047 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001514 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000057 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000047 + AAO + + + + + The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001190 + VHOG + DOI:10.1159/000324245 Murdock DJ, Donoghue PC, Evolutionary Origins of Animal Skeletal Biomineralization. Cells Tissues Organs (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0262950 + ncithesaurus:Bone + + + + + bone organ + FMA:5018 + + + + + bone + AEO:0000082 + BTO:0000140 + MA:0001459 + VHOG:0001190 + + + + + bones + ZFA:0001514 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. + check ncita + EMAPA:37621 + FMA:34836 + GAID:263 + MA:0001519 + MESH:D017746 + NCIT:C32259 + NCIT:C84388 + SCTID:182238002 + UMLS:C0206207 + Wikipedia:Articular_capsule + galen:JointCapsule + capsula articularis + fibrous capsule of joint + joint capsule + joint fibrous capsule + uberon + capsulae articulares + UBERON:0001484 + + + articular capsule + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray299.png + + + + + An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Articular_capsule + + + + + check ncita + ncit + + + + + EMAPA:37621 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0206207 + ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule + + + + + capsula articularis + FMA:34836 + FMA:TA + + + + + + capsulae articulares + Wikipedia:Articular_capsule + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. + + EHDAA2:0000147 + EHDAA:9828 + EMAPA:17014 + FMA:3736 + MA:0002570 + NCIT:C32150 + SCTID:181299009 + UMLS:C0003956 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + ascending thoracic aorta + pars ascendens aortae + uberon + aorta ascendens + pars ascendens aortae + UBERON:0001496 + + + + ascending aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. + GO:0035905 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0003956 + ncithesaurus:Ascending_Aorta + + + + + ascending thoracic aorta + EMAPA:17014 + + + + + aorta ascendens + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + + pars ascendens aortae + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. + Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. + UBERON:0003271 + EHDAA:8326 + EMAPA:18184 + EMAPA:18185 + FMA:37367 + MA:0000537 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430 + girdle-pelvic muscle organ + muscle organ of girdle-pelvic + muscle organ of pelvic girdle + muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone + pelvic girdle muscle + pelvic girdle muscle organ + pelvic girdle skeletal muscle + uberon + UBERON:0001497 + + muscle of pelvic girdle + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. + MA + + + + + girdle-pelvic muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of girdle-pelvic + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of pelvic girdle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pelvic girdle muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pelvic girdle skeletal muscle + EMAPA:18185 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + Do not confuse with aortic arch + + The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] + The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + birds have right aortic arch, mammals left. + BTO:0000157 + EFO:0002526 + EHDAA2:0000132 + EMAPA:17613 + FMA:3768 + GAID:471 + MA:0000475 + SCTID:181300001 + VHOG:0001196 + Wikipedia:Arch_of_aorta + arcus aortae + uberon + aortic arch + thoracic aorta + UBERON:0001508 + + + + arch of aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + left arch 4 in human + embryology.ch + + + + + The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0004113 + + + + + The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001196 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arch+of+aorta + + + + + The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001196 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.460 and p.461 Figure 12.20 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + arcus aortae + FMA:3768 + FMA:TA + + + + + + aortic arch + FMA:3768 + + + + + thoracic aorta + GAID:471 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. + + results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae + EMAPA:18606 + FMA:3784 + MA:0002571 + NCIT:C32455 + SCTID:261399002 + UMLS:C0011666 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + pars descendens aortae + uberon + aorta descendens + pars descendens aortae + UBERON:0001514 + + + + descending aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. + GO:0035906 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0011666 + ncithesaurus:Descending_Aorta + + + + + pars descendens aortae + FMA:3784 + + + + + aorta descendens + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + + pars descendens aortae + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + BTO:0000157 + EFO:0002525 + EMAPA:18603 + FMA:3786 + GAID:471 + MA:0002569 + MESH:D001013 + NCIT:C33766 + SCTID:302510009 + UMLS:C1522460 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta + galen:ThoracicAorta + aorta thoracica + thoracic part of aorta + uberon + aorta thoracalis + pars thoracica aortae + UBERON:0001515 + + + + thoracic aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + MP:0010468 + http://www.medterms.com + + + + + UMLS:C1522460 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Aorta + + + + + aorta thoracica + FMA:3786 + FMA:TA + + + + + + aorta thoracalis + Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta + + + + + + pars thoracica aortae + Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. + Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates + + BTO:0002976 + EFO:0002524 + EMAPA:17856 + FMA:3789 + GAID:470 + MA:0000474 + MESH:D001012 + NCIT:C32038 + SCTID:244231007 + UMLS:C0003484 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + galen:AbdominalAorta + abdominal part of aorta + descending abdominal aorta + pars abdominalis aortae + uberon + abdominal part of aorta + aorta abdominalis + pars abdominalis aortae + UBERON:0001516 + + + + + abdominal aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0002976 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0003484 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Aorta + + + + + abdominal part of aorta + FMA:3789 + + + + + descending abdominal aorta + FMA:3789 + + + + + pars abdominalis aortae + FMA:3789 + + + + + abdominal part of aorta + BTO:0002976 + + + + + aorta abdominalis + BTO:0002976 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + + pars abdominalis aortae + BTO:0002976 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + + innominate + EFO:0002550 + EHDAA2:0000835 + EMAPA:17615 + FMA:3932 + GAID:476 + MA:0001922 + MESH:D016122 + NCIT:C32814 + SCTID:244244002 + UMLS:C0006094 + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + galen:BrachioCephalicArtery + brachiocephalic trunk + innominate artery + truncus brachiocephalicus + uberon + truncus brachiocephalicus + UBERON:0001529 + + + + + brachiocephalic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010663 + + + + + innominate + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0006094 + ncithesaurus:Innominate_Artery + + + + + brachiocephalic trunk + MA:0001922 + + + + + innominate artery + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + truncus brachiocephalicus + FMA:3932 + FMA:TA + + + + + + truncus brachiocephalicus + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. + we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery' + This class represents the adult and developing structures' + + in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae + carotid artery + CALOHA:TS-0116 + EHDAA2:0000217 + EHDAA:7331 + EMAPA:17855 + FMA:3939 + GAID:479 + MA:0001926 + MESH:D017536 + NCIT:C32352 + SCTID:362041005 + UMLS:C0162859 + VHOG:0000272 + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + carotid artery system + common carotid artery + trunk of common carotid tree + uberon + a. carotis communis + UBERON:0001530 + + + + common carotid artery plus branches + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + + + + + carotid artery + FMA:3939 + + + + + UMLS:C0162859 + ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery + + + + + carotid artery system + EHDAA2:0000217 + + + + + common carotid artery + FMA:3939 + + + + + + trunk of common carotid tree + FMA:3939 + + + + + a. carotis communis + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. + Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO) + + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] + In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] + The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] + AAO:0010232 + EHDAA2:0001933 + EHDAA:4357 + EMAPA:17617 + FMA:3951 + GAID:511 + MA:0002045 + MESH:D013348 + NCIT:C33643 + SCTID:265790007 + TAO:0005086 + UMLS:C0038530 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + XAO:0000365 + ZFA:0005086 + arteria subclavia + arterial tree of upper limb + pectoral artery + subclavian arterial tree + uberon + PA + arteria subclavia + UBERON:0001533 + + + + + + subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. + ISBN:0073040584 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010232 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + + + + + The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005086 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0038530 + ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia + XAO:0000365 + + + + + + PA + + + + + + arteria subclavia + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. + + in humans, arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery + proximal part arises from right 4th aortic arch in humans + EHDAA2:0004514 + EMAPA:37384 + FMA:3953 + MA:0002047 + NCIT:C33490 + SCTID:244246000 + UMLS:C0226261 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + arteria subclavia dextra + uberon + UBERON:0001534 + + + + right subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37384 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226261 + ncithesaurus:Right_Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia dextra + FMA:3953 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. + + + + The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. + we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 + we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this + gut + AAO:0010023 + BILA:0000083 + BTO:0000511 + BTO:0000545 + EHDAA2:0000726 + EHDAA:518 + EMAPA:16247 + FBbt:00003125 + FMA:45615 + MA:0000917 + MESH:D041981 + NCIT:C34082 + TAO:0000112 + TGMA:0001819 + UMLS:C0017189 + VHOG:0000309 + WBbt:0005743 + ZFA:0000112 + galen:AlimentaryTract + digestive tube + enteric tract + alimentary canal + alimentary tract + uberon + digestive canal + gut tube + UBERON:0001555 + + + + digestive tract + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10107 + + + + + A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. + Wikipedia:Talk:Human_gastrointestinal_tract + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/7549 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + + DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0016309 + + + + + The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000112 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000309 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. + FMA + + + + + we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 + MA + + + + + FBbt:00003125 + + + + + + MESH:D041981 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0017189 + ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + + + enteric tract + ZFA:0000112 + + + + + digestive canal + BTO:0000058 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. + + EHDAA2:0001036 + EMAPA:16738 + FMA:45662 + MA:0000435 + SCTID:281488008 + VHOG:0000382 + Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract + lower respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0001558 + + + + lower respiratory tract + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + + + + + The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. + + in humans, branches off the arch of aorta + arises from left intersegmental 6th artery in the region of the 6th -7th cervical segment in humans + EMAPA:37100 + FMA:4694 + MA:0002046 + NCIT:C32972 + SCTID:244245001 + UMLS:C0226262 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + arteria subclavia (sinistra) + uberon + UBERON:0001584 + + + + left subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37100 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226262 + ncithesaurus:Left_Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia (sinistra) + FMA:4694 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green). + BTO:0002683 + EHDAA2:0001962 + EHDAA:8726 + EMAPA:18417 + FMA:4720 + GAID:549 + MA:0000481 + MESH:D014683 + NCIT:C12816 + SCTID:181368006 + UMLS:C0042459 + VHOG:0001195 + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + galen:SuperiorVenaCava + superior caval vein + superior vena cava + uberon + cranial vena cava + precava + vena cava superior + vena maxima + UBERON:0001585 + + + + anterior vena cava + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001195 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042459 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Vena_Cava + + + + + superior caval vein + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + superior vena cava + FMA:4720 + + + + + cranial vena cava + VHOG:0001195 + + + + + vena cava superior + BTO:0002683 + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + + + + + + vena maxima + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. + + Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] + AAO:0010236 + EHDAA2:0000877 + EHDAA:5407 + EMAPA:17620 + FMA:4724 + MA:0002157 + NCIT:C32849 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 + SCTID:181372005 + UMLS:C0226550 + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + XAO:0000382 + galen:InternalJugularVein + internal jugular + internal jugular venous tree + uberon + vena jugularis interna + UBERON:0001586 + + + internal jugular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray562.png + + + + + One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + + + + + Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010236 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0226550 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein + + + + + internal jugular + EHDAA2:0000877 + + + + + vena jugularis interna + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. + + BTO:0000654 + EMAPA:35240 + FMA:49151 + MA:0001269 + NCIT:C32315 + SCTID:280862009 + UMLS:C0559230 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle + musculus ciliarus + uberon + Bowman`s muscles + ciliaris + musculus ciliaris + UBERON:0001605 + + + + ciliary muscle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray872.png + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C0559230 + ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle + + + + + musculus ciliarus + BTO:0000654 + + + + + Bowman`s muscles + BTO:0000654 + + + + + ciliaris + Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle + + + + + musculus ciliaris + Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + revisit this, see issue #331 + The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in birds and reptiles. Many fish have neither, and, as a result, their irides are unable to dilate and contract, so that the pupil always remains of a fixed size[Romer, via WP] + in aves, stromal mesenchymal cells may migrate to the iris and become skeletal + EMAPA:35448 + FMA:49154 + MA:0001287 + SCTID:280888007 + Wikipedia:Iris_muscle + iris muscle + iris muscle organ + muscle organ of iris + uberon + UBERON:0001606 + + muscle of iris + + + + + + FMA + + + + + iris muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. + In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted] + WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure + constricts iris + BTO:0000656 + EMAPA:35788 + FMA:49157 + MA:0001289 + NCIT:C33586 + SCTID:280889004 + UMLS:C0229189 + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + M. sphincter pupillae + iris sphincter muscle + musculus sphincter pupillae + sphincter muscle of pupil + uberon + circular fibers + constrictor pupillae + iris constrictor + iris constrictor muscle + iris sphincter + m. sphincter pupillae + pupillary constrictor muscle + pupillary sphincter + pupillary sphincter muscle + sphincter pupillae + sphincter pupillae muscle + spincter pupillae + UBERON:0001607 + + sphincter pupillae + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + + encircles iris + dbpedia + + + + + + encircles iris + dbpedia + + + + + + dbpedia + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C0229189 + ncithesaurus:Sphincter_Pupillae_Muscle + + + + + iris sphincter muscle + BTO:0000656 + + + + + musculus sphincter pupillae + BTO:0000656 + + + + + sphincter muscle of pupil + BTO:0000656 + + + + + circular fibers + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + constrictor pupillae + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + iris constrictor muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + iris sphincter + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + m. sphincter pupillae + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + + pupillary constrictor muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + pupillary sphincter + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + pupillary sphincter muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + sphincter pupillae + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + sphincter pupillae muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + spincter pupillae + Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. + + It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on alpha1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina + BTO:0001371 + EMAPA:35286 + FMA:49158 + MA:0001288 + NCIT:C32463 + SCTID:280890008 + UMLS:C0229190 + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + dilator muscle of pupil + dilator of pupil + dilator pupillae + dilator pupillae muscle + iris dilator muscle + musculus dilatator pupillae + pupillary dilator muscle + radial muscle of iris + uberon + dilator pupillae muscle + iris dilator + musculus dilatator pupillae + musculus dilator pupillae + pupil dilator + pupil dilator muscle + pupillary dilator + pupillary muscle + radial muscle + radiating fibers + UBERON:0001608 + + + dilatator pupillae + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + + outer margins of iris + dbpedia + + + + + + inner margins of iris + dbpedia + + + + + + dbpedia + + + + + A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C0229190 + ncithesaurus:Dilator_Pupillae_Muscle + + + + + dilator pupillae muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + iris dilator muscle + BTO:0001371 + + + + + musculus dilatator pupillae + FMA:49158 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pupillary dilator muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + radial muscle of iris + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + dilator pupillae muscle + BTO:0001371 + + + + + iris dilator + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + musculus dilatator pupillae + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + + musculus dilator pupillae + BTO:0001371 + + + + + pupil dilator + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + pupil dilator muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + pupillary dilator + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + pupillary muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + radial muscle + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + radiating fibers + Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. + + EMAPA:19213 + FMA:49549 + MA:0001950 + NCIT:C32578 + SCTID:181328007 + UMLS:C0226109 + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + uberon + arteria maxillaris externa + external maxillary artery + UBERON:0001612 + + + facial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png + + + + + A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226109 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery + + + + + arteria maxillaris externa + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. + + ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries + EHDAA2:0001069 + EHDAA:7357 + EMAPA:17311 + FMA:49675 + GAID:498 + MA:0001919 + MESH:D008438 + NCIT:C34205 + SCTID:181326006 + UMLS:C0024949 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + uberon + arteria maxillaris + internal maxillary artery + UBERON:0001616 + + + maxillary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray510.png + + + + + An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + + + + + ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries + http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html + + + + + UMLS:C0024949 + ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery + + + + + arteria maxillaris + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. + Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] + It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] + muscular + muscle + AAO:0011066 + EMAPA:32715 + EMAPA:37474 + EV:0100146 + FMA:5022 + GAID:131 + MA:0000015 + SCTID:71616004 + TAO:0005145 + VHOG:0001245 + XAO:0000172 + ZFA:0005145 + galen:Muscle + uberon + UBERON:0001630 + + + + + muscle organ + + + + + Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. + GO:0007517 + + + + + Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005145 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001245 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.75 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + muscle + ZFA:0005145 + + + + + EMAPA:37474 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. + Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. + Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + arterial + Some arthropods have primitive arterial systems but this term refers to arteries in a true closed circulatory system. + + AAO:0010211 + AEO:0000208 + BTO:0000573 + CALOHA:TS-0054 + EFO:0000814 + EHDAA2:0000143 + EHDAA2:0003253 + EMAPA:35147 + EV:0100026 + FMA:50720 + GAID:468 + MA:0000064 + MAT:0000034 + MESH:D001158 + MIAA:0000034 + NCIT:C12372 + SCTID:362877004 + TAO:0000005 + UMLS:C0003842 + VHOG:0001251 + Wikipedia:Artery + XAO:0000114 + ZFA:0000005 + galen:Artery + arterial subtree + arterial tree organ part + arteries + uberon + arterial system + arterial vessel + UBERON:0001637 + + + + + artery + + + + + An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. + AEO:JB + + + + + Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010211 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001251 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0003842 + ncithesaurus:Artery + + + + + arteries + TAO:0000005 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. + TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel + Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + venous + + venous subtree + venous vessel + AAO:0010212 + AEO:0000209 + BTO:0000234 + CALOHA:TS-1108 + EFO:0000816 + EHDAA2:0003254 + EMAPA:35906 + EV:0100031 + FMA:50723 + GAID:492 + MA:0000067 + MAT:0000037 + MESH:D014680 + MIAA:0000037 + NCIT:C12814 + SCTID:181367001 + TAO:0000082 + UMLS:C0042449 + VHOG:0001743 + Wikipedia:Vein + XAO:0000115 + ZFA:0000082 + galen:Vein + venous tree organ part + uberon + vascular element + vena + venae + UBERON:0001638 + + + + + vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Venous_system_en.svg + + + + + Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. + Wikipedia:Vein + + + + + Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010212 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001743 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042449 + ncithesaurus:Vein + + + + + vascular element + EMAPA:th + + + + + vena + Wikipedia:Vein + + + + + + venae + VHOG:0001743 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. + + Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] + In humans A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted] + AAO:0010214 + FMA:50735 + MA:0002132 + TAO:0005090 + VHOG:0000642 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + ZFA:0005090 + hepatic portal tree + liver portal vein + portal vein of liver + uberon + HPV + portal vein + primary hepatic portal vein + primary hepatic portal veins + vena portae hepatis + UBERON:0001639 + + + + + hepatic portal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + MA + + + + + A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3091300&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000642 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.265 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + liver portal vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portal vein of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portal vein + + + + + + primary hepatic portal vein + ZFA:0005090 + + + + + vena portae hepatis + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. + + EHDAA2:0004519 + EMAPA:35202 + FMA:50737 + GAID:483 + MA:0001931 + MESH:D002445 + NCIT:C52846 + SCTID:181340007 + UMLS:C0007569 + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + celiac tree + coeliac artery + uberon + arteria coeliaca + arteria cœliaca + celiac trunk + coeliac axis + coeliac trunck + coeliac trunk + truncus coeliacus + truncus cœliacus + UBERON:0001640 + + + + dorsal aorta in Kardong + celiac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + dorsal aorta in primitive verts + Wikipedia + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0007569 + ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Artery + + + + + coeliac artery + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + arteria coeliaca + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + arteria cœliaca + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + celiac trunk + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac axis + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac trunck + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac trunk + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + truncus coeliacus + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + truncus cœliacus + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). + + Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls + 5n + AAO:0010470 + BAMS:5n + BAMS:Vn + BAMS:nV + BIRNLEX:869 + BM:VN + BTO:0001072 + EFO:0001402 + EHDAA2:0002084 + EHDAA:3738 + EMAPA:17576 + FMA:50866 + GAID:726 + HBA:9322 + MA:0001100 + MBA:901 + MESH:D014276 + MFMO:0000093 + NCIT:C12806 + SCTID:362459002 + TAO:0000697 + UMLS:C0040996 + VHOG:0000704 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + XAO:0003092 + ZFA:0000697 + neuronames:549 + fifth cranial nerve + nervus trigeminus + nervus trigeminus [v] + trigeminal V + trigeminal nerve [V] + trigeminal nerve tree + trigeminal v nerve + uberon + CN-V + cranial nerve V + nerve V + nervus trigeminus + trigeminus + UBERON:0001645 + + + + + + trigeminal nerve + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + + + + + Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010470 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000704 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + 5n + BIRNLEX:869 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0040996 + BIRNLEX:869 + ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve + + + + + neuronames:549 + BIRNLEX:869 + + + + + nervus trigeminus + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + + + + + + nervus trigeminus [v] + FMA:50866 + FMA:TA + + + + + + trigeminal V + EHDAA2:0002084 + + + + + nerve V + NeuroNames:549 + + + + + nervus trigeminus + BTO:0001072 + + + + + trigeminus + BTO:0001072 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. + TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' + + EMAPA:37378 + FMA:50872 + MA:0002500 + NCIT:C33489 + SCTID:244235003 + UMLS:C0923924 + Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery + galen:RightPulmonaryArtery + right main pulmonary artery + right pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + arteria pulmonalis dextra + UBERON:0001651 + + + right pulmonary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37378 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0923924 + ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery + + + + + arteria pulmonalis dextra + Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. + TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' + + EMAPA:37097 + FMA:50873 + MA:0002032 + NCIT:C32971 + SCTID:244234004 + UMLS:C0923925 + Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery + galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery + left main pulmonary artery + left pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + arteria pulmonalis sinistra + UBERON:0001652 + + + left pulmonary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37097 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0923925 + ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery + + + + + arteria pulmonalis sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + + Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' + AAO:0010513 + EMAPA:19220 + FMA:50874 + MA:0002115 + NCIT:C32579 + SCTID:181374006 + UMLS:C0226532 + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + face vein + vein of face + uberon + anterior facial vein + vena facialis anterior + UBERON:0001653 + + + facial vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010513 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0226532 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein + + + + + face vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anterior facial vein + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + + vena facialis anterior + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. + consider renaming this 'trigeminal ganglion complex'. The complex may be fused (amniotes) partially fused (xenopus) or separate (sharks) + A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + In Xenopus, the profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. + + + + AAO:0011107 + BAMS:5Gn + BAMS:GV + BTO:0001231 + EFO:0000903 + EHDAA2:0002085 + EHDAA:2113 + EMAPA:16797 + FMA:52618 + GAID:725 + MA:0001080 + MAT:0000511 + MESH:D012668 + NCIT:C62642 + SCTID:244449009 + TAO:0000295 + UMLS:C0040995 + VHOG:0000694 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion + XAO:0000427 + XAO:0000428 + ZFA:0000295 + neuronames:1402 + 5th ganglion + Gasserian ganglion + fifth ganglion + ganglion of trigeminal complex + semilunar ganglion + trigeminal V ganglion + fused trigeminal ganglion + uberon + Gasser's ganglion + Gasserian ganglia + gV + ganglion of trigeminal nerve + ganglion semilunare + ganglion trigeminale + trigeminal ganglia + trigeminus ganglion + UBERON:0001675 + + + + + trigeminal ganglion + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png + + + + + + + + + + ncithesaurus + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53171 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 + + + + + A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000295 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In Xenopus, the profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. + PMID:21452441 + XAO:0004093 + + + + + UMLS:C0040995 + ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Ganglion + + + + + 5th ganglion + ZFA:0000295 + + + + + Gasserian ganglion + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion + + + + + fifth ganglion + ZFA:0000295 + + + + + ganglion of trigeminal complex + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + semilunar ganglion + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + trigeminal V ganglion + MA:0001080 + + + + + fused trigeminal ganglion + NCBITaxon:32524 + + + + + + Gasser's ganglion + BTO:0001231 + + + + + Gasserian ganglia + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion + + + + + + ganglion of trigeminal nerve + BTO:0001231 + + + + + ganglion semilunare + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion + + + + + + ganglion trigeminale + BTO:0001231 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion + + + + + + trigeminal ganglia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. + + formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII + fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular) + EMAPA:25112 + FMA:52735 + GAID:227 + MA:0001468 + MESH:D009777 + NCIT:C12757 + SCTID:181796003 + UMLS:C0028784 + Wikipedia:Occipital_bone + uberon + occipital complex + occipital squama + os occipitale + UBERON:0001676 + + + + occipital bone + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray194.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + basi paired exo and supra occipital bones + MA-modified + + + + + + interparietal (postparietal) + + + + + + WP + + + + + + PMID:11523816 + + + + + The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005269 + + + + + formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII + PMID:11523816 + + + + + fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular) + Kardong + + + + + UMLS:C0028784 + ncithesaurus:Occipital_Bone + + + + + occipital complex + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/occiput.html + + + + + os occipitale + Wikipedia:Occipital_bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. + + part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA + CALOHA:TS-2343 + EMAPA:18340 + FMA:52736 + GAID:230 + MA:0001472 + MESH:D013100 + NCIT:C12790 + SCTID:272676008 + UMLS:C0037884 + Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone + os sphenoidale + sphenoid + sphenoidal bone + uberon + butterfly bone + os sphenoidale + os sphenoidum + sphenoid complex + UBERON:0001677 + + + + sphenoid bone + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + orbito pre and basi sphenoid + + + + + + pterygoid process + + + + + + alisphenoid + + + + + + cjm + + + + + An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. + Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone + + + + + part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0037884 + ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Bone + + + + + os sphenoidale + FMA:52736 + FMA:TA + + + + + + butterfly bone + Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone + + + + + os sphenoidale + Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone + + + + + + os sphenoidum + Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. + + A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG] + The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG] + ethmoidal + todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost + Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA + BTO:0004140 + EMAPA:19018 + FMA:52740 + GAID:212 + MA:0001483 + MESH:D005004 + NCIT:C12711 + SCTID:272674006 + UMLS:C0015027 + VHOG:0001317 + Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone + ethmoid + ethmoidal bone + os ethmoidale + uberon + UBERON:0001679 + + + + ethmoid bone + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + definitional + + + + + A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. + Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone + + + + + A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001317 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ethmoid+bone + + + + + The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001317 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.259 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0015027 + ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Bone + + + + + ethmoid + FMA:52740 + + + + + ethmoidal bone + MP:0000101 + + + + + os ethmoidale + FMA:52740 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Ethmoid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. + Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO] + in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit + BTO:0004687 + FMA:53074 + GAID:223 + MA:0002482 + MESH:D009915 + NCIT:C12347 + TAO:0001410 + UMLS:C0029180 + Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) + XAO:0003171 + ZFA:0001410 + galen:Orbit + bony orbit + eye socket + orbit of skull + uberon + orbit + UBERON:0001697 + + + + orbit of skull + + + + + + + + + + FMA-abduced-lr + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. + TAO:0001410 + Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001410 + TAO + TAO:MAH + + + + + in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0029180 + ncithesaurus:Orbit + + + + + orbit of skull + FMA:53074 + + + + + orbit + ZFA:0001410 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. + + Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO] + neurocranial + It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton + The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. + It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... + AAO:0010153 + EHDAA2:0000243 + EMAPA:17681 + FMA:53672 + MA:0000317 + SCTID:361731002 + TAO:0001580 + Wikipedia:Neuroranium + XAO:0003170 + ZFA:0001580 + brain box + uberon + brain case + brain pan + braincase + UBERON:0001703 + + + + + neurocranium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. + PMID:11523816 + TAO:MAH + Wikipedia:Neuroranium + ZFA:0001580 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001580 + TAO + TAO:MAH + + + + + The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. + WP + + + + + It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... + MA + + + + + brain case + ZFA:0001580 + + + + + brain pan + http://www.thefreedictionary.com/braincase + + + + + braincase + ZFA:0001580 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. + TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). + Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] + There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). + in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates + AAO:0000988 + BTO:0001749 + EMAPA:35455 + FMA:54396 + GAID:214 + MA:0001905 + MESH:D007568 + NCIT:C48821 + SCTID:181811001 + TAO:0001227 + UMLS:C0022359 + Wikipedia:Jaw + ZFA:0001227 + galen:Jaw + jaw + jaw cartilage + mandibular arch skeleton + uberon + anterior splanchnocranium + jaws + mandibular arch + oral jaw skeleton + pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton + visceral arch 1 + UBERON:0001708 + + + + jaw skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. + Wikipedia:Jaw + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001227 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0022359 + ncithesaurus:Jaw + + + + + jaw + MA:0001905 + + + + + jaw cartilage + ZFA:0001227 + + + + + mandibular arch skeleton + ZFA:0001227 + + + + + mandibular arch + TAO:0001227 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. + + Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA + AAO:0000620 + EHDAA2:0002118 + EHDAA2:0004607 + EHDAA:8025 + EMAPA:17924 + FMA:59399 + SCTID:362636001 + VHOG:0000454 + Wikipedia:Upper_jaw + ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw + maxillary part of mouth + uberon + alveolodental arch of bimaxilla + dorsal mandibular arch + dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 + maxillary part of mouth proper + palatoquadrate arch + upper pharyngeal jaws + UBERON:0001709 + + + See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. + upper jaw region + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png + + + + + Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. + Wikipedia:Upper_jaw + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000620 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000454 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA + MA + + + + + maxillary part of mouth + FMA:59399 + + + + + alveolodental arch of bimaxilla + FMA:59399 + + + + + dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 + + + + + + maxillary part of mouth proper + FMA:59399 + + + + + palatoquadrate arch + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. + + Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA + AAO:0000272 + EFO:0003660 + EHDAA2:0001018 + EHDAA:7995 + EMAPA:17906 + FMA:59398 + MESH:D008334 + SCTID:362637005 + VHOG:0000453 + Wikipedia:Lower_jaw + ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw + mandibular part of mouth + uberon + lower part of mouth + mandibular series + UBERON:0001710 + + + + See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head + lower jaw region + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence + + + + + Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. + Wikipedia:Lower_jaw + + + + + Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000272 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000453 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA + MA + + + + + mandibular part of mouth + FMA:59398 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. + + Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] + UBERON:0003213 + UBERON:0026601 + BIRNLEX:2597 + BTO:0000106 + EFO:0000902 + EMAPA:16659 + FMA:54502 + MA:0000213 + MA:0000214 + MAT:0000200 + MIAA:0000200 + SCTID:244448001 + TAO:0000013 + VHOG:0000076 + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_ganglion + XAO:0000027 + ZFA:0000013 + cranial ganglion + cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system + cranial ganglion/nerve + cranial nerve ganglion + cranial neural ganglion + cranial neural tree organ ganglion + ganglion of cranial nerve + ganglion of cranial neural tree organ + uberon + cranial ganglia + head ganglion + presumptive cranial ganglia + UBERON:0001714 + + + + + + cranial ganglion + + + + + The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0001081 + PMID:9362461 + + + + + Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000013 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system + BIRNLEX:2597 + + + + + cranial neural tree organ ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion of cranial nerve + FMA:54502 + + + + + ganglion of cranial neural tree organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + presumptive cranial ganglia + ZFA:0000013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. + See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship + TOODO check + AAO:0010435 + BSA:0000113 + BTO:0002097 + EMAPA:18381 + FMA:54935 + SCTID:180543003 + XAO:0000105 + lumen of pharynx + pharyngeal cavity + uberon + cavitas pharyngealis + cavitas pharyngis + UBERON:0001731 + cavity of pharynx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + + XAO + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavitas pharyngealis + + + + + + cavitas pharyngis + BTO:0002097 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. + The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] + space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball + BTO:0002084 + EHDAA2:0000129 + EHDAA:9033 + EMAPA:18231 + FMA:58078 + GAID:889 + MA:0000262 + MESH:D000867 + NCIT:C12667 + SCTID:181160009 + UMLS:C0003151 + VHOG:0001431 + Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball + anterior chamber + anterior chamber of eye + camera anterior + eye anterior chamber + uberon + camera anterior bulbi + camera anterior bulbi oculi + camera oculi anterior + UBERON:0001766 + + anterior chamber of eyeball + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. + MESH:A09.371.060.067 + MP:0005205 + + + + + The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001431 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anterior+chamber + + + + + space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C0003151 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye + + + + + anterior chamber + HP:0000593 + MP:0010709 + + + + + camera anterior bulbi + BTO:0002084 + + + + + camera anterior bulbi oculi + Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball + + + + + + camera oculi anterior + BTO:0002084 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. + TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus + + uveal + CALOHA:TS-2228 + EMAPA:35901 + FMA:58103 + GAID:912 + MA:0002480 + MESH:D014602 + NCIT:C12811 + SCTID:280648000 + UMLS:C0042160 + Wikipedia:Uvea + tunica vasculosa of eyeball + uvea + uveal tract + uberon + pars iridica retinae + tunica vasculatis oculi + tunica vasculosa bulbi + vascular layer of eyeball + UBERON:0001768 + + + uvea + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gray869.png + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. + MP:0005197 + Wikipedia:Uvea + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + + + + + UMLS:C0042160 + ncithesaurus:Uvea + + + + + tunica vasculosa of eyeball + FMA:58103 + + + + + uvea + FMA:58103 + + + + + uveal tract + FMA:58103 + + + + + pars iridica retinae + Wikipedia:Uvea + + + + + tunica vasculatis oculi + Wikipedia:Uvea + + + + + tunica vasculosa bulbi + Wikipedia:Uvea + + + + + + vascular layer of eyeball + FMA:58103 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. + + The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + iridial + The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019] + AAO:0010347 + BTO:0000653 + CALOHA:TS-0491 + EFO:0004245 + EMAPA:19154 + EV:0100345 + FMA:58235 + GAID:917 + MA:0000273 + MESH:D007498 + NCIT:C12737 + SCTID:181164000 + TAO:0001238 + UMLS:C0022077 + VHOG:0000101 + Wikipedia:Iris_(anatomy) + XAO:0000185 + ZFA:0001238 + uberon + anterior uvea + irides + irises + UBERON:0001769 + + + + + + iris + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001322 + + + + + The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000101 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000101 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0022077 + ncithesaurus:Iris + + + + + irides + + + + + + irises + VHOG:0000101 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. + + Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] + In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei + In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals + BTO:0000287 + CALOHA:TS-0173 + EFO:0001917 + EHDAA2:0000319 + EMAPA:17162 + FMA:58263 + GAID:895 + MA:0001243 + MESH:D019573 + NCIT:C12928 + SCTID:368825001 + TAO:0002187 + UMLS:C0459875 + Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium + ZFA:0001683 + anterior corneal epithelium + cornea epithelial tissue + cornea epithelium + epithelial tissue of cornea + epithelium anterius (cornea) + epithelium anterius corneae + epithelium corneæ anterior layer + epithelium of cornea + external epithelium of cornea + uberon + anterior endothelium of cornea + e. anterius corneae + endothelium anterius corneae + endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi + endothelium corneale + epithelium posterius corneae + UBERON:0001772 + + + + + + corneal epithelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. + MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 + MGI:smb + MP:0006000 + + + + + Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002187 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + + + + + UMLS:C0459875 + ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium + + + + + cornea epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cornea epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of cornea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium anterius corneae + FMA:58263 + FMA:TA + + + + + + anterior endothelium of cornea + BTO:0000287 + + + + + e. anterius corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium + + + + + + endothelium anterius corneae + BTO:0000287 + + + + + endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi + BTO:0000287 + + + + + endothelium corneale + BTO:0000287 + + + + + epithelium posterius corneae + BTO:0000287 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. + + The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. + The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] + scleral + in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal + continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. + Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. + Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709]. + AAO:0010354 + BTO:0001606 + EMAPA:19027 + EV:0100342 + FMA:58269 + GAID:911 + MA:0000280 + MESH:D012590 + NCIT:C12784 + SCTID:181163006 + UMLS:C0036410 + VHOG:0001274 + Wikipedia:Sclera + XAO:0000183 + ZFA:0005563 + uberon + scleral capsule + UBERON:0001773 + + + + + Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. + sclera + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + + cjm + ISBN:0781772214 + Wikipedia + + + + + Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. + Wikipedia:Sclera + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050701-15 + + + + + The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. + Wikipedia:Sclera + + + + + The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001274 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sclera + + + + + UMLS:C0036410 + ncithesaurus:Sclera + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. + Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'. + Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here. + AAO:0000611 + EMAPA:35888 + FMA:58274 + MA:0000514 + TAO:0000473 + XAO:0003230 + ZFA:0000473 + body musculature + muscle of trunk + muscle organ of torso + muscle organ of trunk + torso muscle organ + trunk muscle + trunk muscle organ + trunk musculature + uberon + UBERON:0001774 + + + skeletal muscle of trunk + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + body musculature + ZFA:0000473 + + + + + muscle of trunk + FMA:58274 + + + + + muscle organ of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010341 + BTO:0000260 + CALOHA:TS-0694 + EMAPA:19065 + EV:0100346 + FMA:58295 + GAID:916 + MA:0000264 + MESH:D002924 + NCIT:C12345 + SCTID:263340007 + UMLS:C0008779 + VHOG:0000102 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + XAO:0000186 + neuronames:1571 + ocular ciliary body + uberon + anterior uvea + ciliary bodies + corpus ciliare + UBERON:0001775 + + + + + ciliary body + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005099 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000102 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0008779 + ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body + + + + + ciliary bodies + VHOG:0000102 + + + + + + corpus ciliare + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. + check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA + + choroidal + MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct + BTO:0001829 + CALOHA:TS-2054 + EMAPA:19077 + EV:0100347 + FMA:58298 + GAID:913 + MA:0000263 + MESH:D002829 + NCIT:C12344 + SCTID:181172003 + TAO:0005229 + UMLS:C0008520 + VHOG:0001568 + Wikipedia:Choroid + ZFA:0005229 + choroid + choroid coat + choroidea + eye choroid + posterior uvea + uberon + chorioid + choroidea + optic choroid + UBERON:0001776 + + + + + optic choroid + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + lexical + + + + + Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct + MP + + + + + UMLS:C0008520 + ncithesaurus:Choroid + + + + + choroid + MA:0000263 + + + + + choroid coat + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + choroidea + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + eye choroid + VHOG:0001568 + + + + + posterior uvea + Wikipedia:Uvea#Regions + + + + + chorioid + BTO:0001829 + + + + + choroidea + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + + optic choroid + ZFA:0005229 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. + Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO] + relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] + relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] + substantia propria + CALOHA:TS-1138 + EFO:0002514 + EMAPA:17602 + FMA:58306 + GAID:893 + MA:0001245 + MESH:D003319 + NCIT:C12699 + SCTID:362511000 + TAO:0002189 + UMLS:C0010040 + Wikipedia:Corneal_stroma + ZFA:0001685 + corneal stroma + stroma of cornea + substantia propria corneae + uberon + UBERON:0001777 + + + + + substantia propria of cornea + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + + + + + + + + + + cjm + ISBN:0781772214 + Wikipedia + + + + + The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A09.371.060.217.228 + MP:0005300 + + + + + Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002189 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + + + + + relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002189 + TAO + + + + + relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002189 + TAO + + + + + UMLS:C0010040 + ncithesaurus:Corneal_Stroma + + + + + corneal stroma + MA:0001245 + + + + + substantia propria corneae + FMA:58306 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. + + BTO:0001770 + CALOHA:TS-0695 + EMAPA:35239 + FMA:58464 + MA:0001238 + NCIT:C32314 + SCTID:280870004 + UMLS:C0459736 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium + ciliary body epithelium + epithelium of ciliary body + ocular ciliary epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001778 + + ciliary epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MP + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium + + + + + UMLS:C0459736 + ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium + + + + + ciliary body epithelium + FMA:58464 + + + + + epithelium of ciliary body + FMA:58464 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. + EMAPA:35451 + FMA:58526 + MA:0002777 + SCTID:280882008 + Wikipedia:Iris_stroma + ZFA:0005569 + iridial stroma + stroma of iris + uberon + UBERON:0001779 + + + + iris stroma + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png + + + + + The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. + Wikipedia:Iris_stroma + http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-iris.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. + + Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] + AAO:0011101 + BAMS:spin + BTO:0000870 + EHDAA2:0001898 + EMAPA:16989 + FMA:5858 + GAID:841 + MA:0000233 + MESH:D013127 + NCIT:C12792 + SCTID:361099009 + UMLS:C0037941 + VHOG:0000824 + Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve + XAO:0003101 + neuronames:1228 + backbone nerve + nerve of backbone + nerve of spinal column + nerve of spine + nerve of vertebral column + spinal column nerve + spinal nerve tree + spine nerve + vertebral column nerve + uberon + nervi spinales + spinal nerves + UBERON:0001780 + + + + spinal nerve + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg + + + + + The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. + MESH:A08.800.800.720 + MP:0001077 + + + + + Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000824 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0037941 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve + + + + + backbone nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of backbone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of spinal column + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of spine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of vertebral column + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spinal column nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spine nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebral column nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nervi spinales + Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve + + + + + + spinal nerves + BAMS:spin + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. + MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers + AAO:0010353 + EMAPA:35742 + FMA:58617 + MA:0001319 + NCIT:C49328 + SCTID:280657006 + UMLS:C0459649 + XAO:0000266 + retina layer + retina neuronal layer + retinal layer + retinal neuronal layer + uberon + UBERON:0001781 + + + layer of retina + + + + + Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. + MP:0003727 + + + + + MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0459649 + ncithesaurus:Retina_Layer + + + + + retina neuronal layer + MP:0006069 + + + + + retinal neuronal layer + MP:0006069 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. + classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. + + Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] + See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 + AAO:0000108 + BAMS:cran + BIRNLEX:1623 + BTO:0001104 + EHDAA2:0000323 + EMAPA:17264 + FMA:5865 + GAID:802 + HBA:9299 + MA:0000215 + MBA:967 + MESH:D003391 + NCIT:C12700 + SCTID:244447006 + TAO:0000641 + UMLS:C0010268 + UMLS:C1269897 + VHOG:0000279 + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + XAO:0000429 + XAO:0003089 + ZFA:0000641 + neuronames:1227 + cranial neural tree organ + uberon + cranial nerves + nervus cranialis + UBERON:0001785 + + + + + cranial nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg + + + + + Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + + + + + Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000641 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000279 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0010268 + BIRNLEX:1623 + ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1269897 + BIRNLEX:1623 + + + + + nervus cranialis + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. + The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] + (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. + EHDAA2:0000139 + EHDAA:10196 + EMAPA:18232 + ENVO:02000024 + FMA:58819 + GAID:890 + MA:0001236 + MESH:D001082 + NCIT:C13190 + SCTID:280587006 + UMLS:C0003662 + VHOG:0000548 + Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor + ZFA:0005564 + aqueous humor + aqueous humour + humor aquosus + uberon + UBERON:0001796 + + + + aqueous humor of eyeball + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + FMA def states A and P + located_in in EHDAA2 + VHOG + + + + + A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. + Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor + + + + + The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000548 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aqueous+humour + + + + + (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000548 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0003662 + ncithesaurus:Aqueous_Humor + + + + + aqueous humour + EHDAA2:0000139 + + + + + humor aquosus + FMA:58819 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. + + AEO:0001000 + BTO:0005630 + EMAPA:36596 + FMA:5885 + MA:0002566 + MESH:D017950 + NCIT:C13060 + UMLS:C0206429 + ganglion sensorium + uberon + UBERON:0001800 + + + sensory ganglion + + + + + The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. + MP:0000960 + + + + + UMLS:C0206429 + ncithesaurus:Sensory_Ganglion + + + + + ganglion sensorium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). + + EMAPA:36594 + FMA:58865 + MA:0002484 + MESH:D000869 + NCIT:C12668 + SCTID:280658001 + UMLS:C0003153 + Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball + ZFA:0005566 + anterior eye segment + anterior segment eye + anterior segment of eye + anterior segment of the eye + eye anterior segment + segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) + uberon + segmentum anterius bulbi oculi + UBERON:0001801 + + + anterior segment of eyeball + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + lexical + + + + + Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A09.371.060 + MP:0005193 + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + UMLS:C0003153 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Eye_Segment + + + + + anterior segment eye + ZFA:0005566 + + + + + segmentum anterius bulbi oculi + Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). + EMAPA:36595 + FMA:58868 + MA:0002485 + NCIT:C12906 + SCTID:280659009 + UMLS:C0278450 + Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball + ZFA:0005567 + eye posterior segment + posterior eye segment + posterior segment eye + posterior segment of eye + posterior segment of the eye + segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) + uberon + segmentum posterius bulbi oculi + UBERON:0001802 + + + posterior segment of eyeball + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005195 + + + + + UMLS:C0278450 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Eye_Segment + + + + + posterior segment eye + ZFA:0005567 + + + + + segmentum posterius bulbi oculi + Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. + this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former + + BTO:0001873 + CALOHA:TS-0543 + EMAPA:32871 + FMA:58871 + MA:0001301 + SCTID:362523006 + TAO:0001326 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_Epithelium + XAO:0004094 + ZFA:0001326 + epithelial tissue of eye lens + epithelial tissue of lens + epithelium lentis + epithelium of eye lens + eye lens epithelial tissue + eye lens epithelium + lens epithelial tissue + lens epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001803 + + + + epithelium of lens + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + epithelial tissue of eye lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium lentis + FMA:58871 + FMA:TA + + + + + + epithelium of eye lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye lens epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye lens epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lens epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. + The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens + FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular + EHDAA2:0000977 + EMAPA:18237 + FMA:58881 + MA:0001300 + NCIT:C32975 + SCTID:244500004 + UMLS:C0229232 + VHOG:0000550 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_capsule + ZFA:0005574 + capsula lentis + lens capsule + uberon + UBERON:0001804 + + + + capsule of lens + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. + MGI:smb + MP:0003236 + PMID:15483628 + + + + + The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000550 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000550 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0229232 + ncithesaurus:Lens_Capsule + + + + + capsula lentis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. + + AEO:0001001 + CALOHA:TS-2340 + EMAPA:17157 + EMAPA:18221 + FMA:5889 + MA:0000220 + MESH:D005725 + NCIT:C12720 + UMLS:C0017068 + Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion + autonomic nervous system ganglion + ganglion of autonomic nervous system + ganglion of visceral nervous system + visceral nervous system ganglion + uberon + ganglion autonomicum + UBERON:0001805 + + + autonomic ganglion + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + + + + + Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. + Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion + + + + + UMLS:C0017068 + ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Ganglion + + + + + autonomic nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion of autonomic nervous system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion of visceral nervous system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion autonomicum + Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. + AAO:0010773 + BTO:0001333 + CALOHA:TS-0994 + EHDAA2:0001969 + EMAPA:17157 + FMA:5890 + MA:0000226 + MESH:D005728 + NCIT:C12467 + SCTID:362485003 + UMLS:C0017071 + Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion + ganglion of sympathetic nervous system + ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system + ganglion sympatheticum + sympathetic nervous system ganglion + sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion + uberon + ganglion sympathicum + UBERON:0001806 + + + sympathetic ganglion + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + + + + + + + + + + DOI:10.1101/gr.157586.113 + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. + MP:0001008 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + MESH:D005728 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0017071 + ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Ganglion + + + + + ganglion of sympathetic nervous system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sympathetic nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion sympathicum + BTO:0001333 + Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. + + Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] + labial + BTO:0001647 + CALOHA:TS-0558 + EMAPA:32839 + FMA:59816 + GAID:76 + MA:0000343 + MESH:D008046 + NCIT:C12220 + SCTID:181221003 + TAO:0007006 + UMLS:C0023759 + VHOG:0000677 + Wikipedia:Lip + ZFA:0007006 + galen:Lip + uberon + labia oris + lips + UBERON:0001833 + + + + lip + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lips.JPG + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + BTO + FMA-implicit + VHOG + ZFA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. + Wikipedia:Lip + http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458 + + + + + Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0007006 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + http//:www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458 + + + + + UMLS:C0023759 + ncithesaurus:Lip + + + + + labia oris + Wikipedia:Lip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG] + Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO] + UBERON:0003391 + EMAPA:17925 + FMA:59817 + MA:0000919 + SCTID:245776003 + TAO:0001970 + VHOG:0001750 + Wikipedia:Upper_lip + ZFA:0005226 + upper jaw lip + uberon + labium superius oris + UBERON:0001834 + + + + upper lip + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg + + + + + Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. + TAO:0001970 + Wikipedia:Upper_lip + + + + + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001750 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001970 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + upper jaw lip + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + labium superius oris + Wikipedia:Upper_lip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] + UBERON:0003392 + EHDAA2:0001020 + EMAPA:17909 + FMA:59818 + MA:0000921 + NCIT:C94572 + SCTID:245777007 + TAO:0002060 + UMLS:C0458583 + Wikipedia:Lower_lip + ZFA:0005225 + lower jaw lip + uberon + labium inferius oris + UBERON:0001835 + + + + lower lip + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg + + + + + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. + TAO:0002060 + Wikipedia:Lower_lip + + + + + Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002060 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + UMLS:C0458583 + ncithesaurus:Lower_Lip + + + + + lower jaw lip + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + labium inferius oris + Wikipedia:Lower_lip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] + BAMS:phn + BTO:0001063 + EHDAA:4677 + EMAPA:17813 + FMA:6191 + GAID:848 + MA:0001170 + MESH:D010791 + NCIT:C52813 + SCTID:280344009 + UMLS:C0031774 + VHOG:0000728 + Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve + uberon + diaphragmatic nerve + nervus phrenicus + phrenic + UBERON:0001884 + + + + phrenic nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray806.png + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. + VHOG:0000728 + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000728 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phrenic+nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0031774 + ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Nerve + + + + + diaphragmatic nerve + BTO:0001063 + + + + + nervus phrenicus + BTO:0001063 + Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve + + + + + + phrenic + BTO:0001063 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. + developmental relationships need revised + + + + Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] + The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + mesencephalic + part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships + MB + AAO:0010149 + BAMS:MES + BIRNLEX:1667 + BM:MB + BTO:0000138 + CALOHA:TS-0630 + DHBA:10648 + DMBA:16649 + EFO:0000919 + EHDAA2:0001162 + EHDAA:3694 + EMAPA:16974 + EV:0100242 + FMA:61993 + HBA:9001 + MA:0000207 + MAT:0000106 + MBA:313 + MESH:D008636 + MIAA:0000106 + NCIT:C12510 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 + SCTID:279099009 + TAO:0000128 + UMLS:C0025462 + VHOG:0000069 + Wikipedia:Midbrain + XAO:0000014 + ZFA:0000128 + neuronames:462 + uberon + mesencephalon + UBERON:0001891 + + + + + + midbrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. + GO:0030901 + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + ABA + pending + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + pending + + + + + Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010149 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000128 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000069 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships + ABA + + + + + MB + BIRNLEX:1667 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0025462 + BIRNLEX:1667 + ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon + + + + + neuronames:462 + BIRNLEX:1667 + + + + + mesencephalon + Wikipedia:Midbrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. + A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] + In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29 + DHBA divides this into A(1-3),B(4),C(5-7) and D(8) + hindbrain segment + segment of hindbrain + DHBA:12664 + EFO:0003617 + EMAPA:16148 + FMA:295666 + MAT:0000272 + MIAA:0000272 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 + TAO:0001064 + VHOG:0000672 + Wikipedia:Rhombomere + XAO:0004079 + ZFA:0001064 + hindbrain neuromere + hindbrain neuromeres + rhombomere + uberon + future rhombencephalon + rhombomeres + UBERON:0001892 + + + + + rhombomere + + + + + A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. + Wikipedia:Rhombomere + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001064 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000672 + VHOG + DOI:10.1006/dbio.2002.0831 Mazet F, Shimeld SM, The Evolution of Chordate Neural Segmentation. Developmental Biology (2002) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + hindbrain segment + ZFA:0001064 + + + + + segment of hindbrain + ZFA:0001064 + + + + + hindbrain neuromeres + DHBA:HNM + + + + + + future rhombencephalon + MIAA:0000272 + + + + + rhombomeres + VHOG:0000672 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. + + Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[BIRNLEX:965]. + The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + + epencephalon + BAMS:Met + BIRNLEX:965 + BTO:0000673 + CALOHA:TS-2029 + DHBA:10655 + EHDAA2:0001149 + EHDAA:5498 + EMAPA:17071 + FMA:62003 + GAID:594 + HBA:4833 + MA:0000197 + MESH:D020540 + NCIT:C32741 + UMLS:C0376353 + UMLS:C1516904 + VHOG:0000741 + Wikipedia:Metencephalon + neuronames:543 + epencephalon-2 + uberon + UBERON:0001895 + + + the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. + metencephalon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Metencephalon + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 + + + + + Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[BIRNLEX:965]. + BIRNLEX:965 + + + + + The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000741 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metencephalon + + + + + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000741 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + epencephalon + ncithesaurus:Epencephalon + + + + + + UMLS:C0376353 + BIRNLEX:965 + + + + + UMLS:C1516904 + ncithesaurus:Epencephalon + + + + + neuronames:543 + BIRNLEX:965 + + + + + epencephalon-2 + FMA:62003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. + + Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] + The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + bulb + medulla + AAO:0010486 + BAMS:MY + BAMS:Md + BIRNLEX:957 + BM:Me + BTO:0000041 + CALOHA:TS-0607 + DMBA:17352 + EFO:0000924 + EHDAA2:0001088 + EHDAA:7588 + EMAPA:17550 + EV:0100275 + FMA:62004 + GAID:590 + MA:0000206 + MAT:0000111 + MAT:0000367 + MBA:354 + MESH:D008526 + MIAA:0000111 + NCIT:C12442 + SCTID:279104005 + TAO:0000545 + UMLS:C0025148 + UMLS:C1269575 + VHOG:0000181 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata + XAO:0003100 + ZFA:0000545 + neuronames:698 + bulbus + uberon + medulla oblonzata + metepencephalon + UBERON:0001896 + + + + + + medulla oblongata + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg + + + + + Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. + FMA:62004 + GO:0021550 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata + + + + + Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010486 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000181 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000181 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.017 Marin F, Aroca P, Puelles L, Hox gene colinear expression in the avian medulla oblongata is correlated with pseudorhombomeric domains. Developmental Biology (2008) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + medulla + ABA:MY + + + + + UMLS:C0025148 + BIRNLEX:957 + ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata + + + + + UMLS:C1269575 + BIRNLEX:957 + + + + + neuronames:698 + BIRNLEX:957 + + + + + bulbus + FMA:62004 + FMA:TA + + + + + + medulla oblonzata + Wikipedia:Medulla_oblongata + + + + + + metepencephalon + FMA:62004 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO] + BTO:0001258 + CALOHA:TS-2104 + EMAPA:35778 + FMA:62017 + MA:0001553 + SCTID:45480009 + TAO:0005127 + ZFA:0005127 + epithelial tissue of small bowel + epithelial tissue of small intestine + epithelium of small bowel + mid intestine epithelium + small bowel epithelial tissue + small bowel epithelium + small intestinal epithelium + small intestine epithelial tissue + small intestine epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001902 + + epithelium of small intestine + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005127 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + epithelial tissue of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mid intestine epithelium + ZFA:0005127 + + + + + small bowel epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0004954 + CALOHA:TS-0112 + EMAPA:36292 + FMA:62114 + MA:0000711 + NCIT:C49215 + UMLS:C0006904 + blood capillary endothelium + capillary endothelium + capillary vessel endothelium + endothelium of blood capillary + endothelium of capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:0001915 + endothelium of capillary + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0006904 + ncithesaurus:Capillary_Endothelium + + + + + blood capillary endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36286 + FMA:62115 + MA:0000705 + NCIT:C49192 + UMLS:C1179024 + arteriole endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001916 + endothelium of arteriole + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1179024 + ncithesaurus:Arteriole_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011013 + BTO:0004757 + EMAPA:35148 + FMA:62116 + MA:0000707 + NCIT:C49194 + UMLS:C1179025 + VHOG:0001215 + XAO:0000357 + arterial endothelium + artery endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001917 + endothelium of artery + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011013 + AAO + XAO:curator + + + + + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001215 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1179025 + ncithesaurus:Artery_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36290 + FMA:62117 + MA:0000716 + NCIT:C49319 + UMLS:C1179026 + venule endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001918 + endothelium of venule + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1179026 + ncithesaurus:Venule_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011110 + BTO:0004756 + EMAPA:36288 + FMA:62118 + MA:0000712 + NCIT:C49317 + UMLS:C1179027 + VHOG:0001216 + XAO:0000358 + vein endothelium + venous endothelium + uberon + veinous endothelium + UBERON:0001919 + endothelium of vein + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001216 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1179027 + ncithesaurus:Vein_Endothelium + + + + + veinous endothelium + VHOG:0001216 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. + + Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] + MTg + tegmentum + BAMS:MTg + BIRNLEX:1200 + BTO:0003388 + DHBA:12195 + EFO:0000921 + EHDAA2:0004475 + EMAPA:18215 + FMA:62393 + HBA:9002 + MA:0000212 + MAT:0000452 + MESH:D013681 + SCTID:362392007 + TAO:0000160 + UMLS:C0039441 + VHOG:0001367 + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + XAO:0004271 + ZFA:0000160 + neuronames:491 + tegmentum mesencephali + tegmentum of midbrain + uberon + mesencephalic tegmentum + tegmentum mesencephalicum + UBERON:0001943 + + + + + + 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum + midbrain tegmentum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. + FMA:FMA + ISBN:0471888893 + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + + + + + Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001367 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.001 Villar-Cheda B, Abalo XM, Anadon R, Rodicio MC, The tegmental proliferation region in the sea lamprey. Brain Research Bulletin (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MTg + BIRNLEX:1200 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + tegmentum + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + MESH:D013681 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0039441 + BIRNLEX:1200 + + + + + neuronames:491 + BIRNLEX:1200 + + + + + tegmentum mesencephali + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + + + + + + mesencephalic tegmentum + VHOG:0001367 + + + + + tegmentum mesencephalicum + NeuroNames:491 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. + BIRNLEX:1496 + NCIT:C33969 + SCTID:244437008 + UMLS:C1268166 + uberon + spinal cord part + UBERON:0001948 + + regional part of spinal cord + + + + + A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1268166 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. + plasma + portion of plasma + BTO:0000131 + CALOHA:TS-0800 + EFO:0001905 + EMAPA:35690 + FMA:62970 + GAID:1178 + MA:0002501 + MAT:0000052 + MESH:D010949 + MIAA:0000052 + NCIT:C13356 + UMLS:C0032105 + Wikipedia:Blood_plasma + blood plasm + portion of blood plasma + uberon + UBERON:0001969 + + + + blood plasma + + + + + The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + plasma + MA:0002501 + + + + + portion of plasma + FMA:62970 + + + + + UMLS:C0032105 + ncithesaurus:Plasma + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. + In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. + aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine + bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption + elimination of cholesterol + major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances + many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates + protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine + BTO:0000121 + CALOHA:TS-1172 + ENVO:02000023 + FMA:62971 + GAID:1157 + MA:0002513 + MESH:D001646 + NCIT:C13192 + UMLS:C0005388 + Wikipedia:Bile + ZFA:0005857 + galen:Bile + uberon + fel + gall + UBERON:0001970 + + + bile + + + + + + + + + + 0.3% in humans + + + + + Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. + DOI:10.1002/cphy.c120027 + Wikipedia:Bile + + + + + UMLS:C0005388 + ncithesaurus:Bile + + + + + fel + BTO:0000121 + + + + + gall + BTO:0000121 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0000501 + FMA:62972 + GAID:1160 + MA:0002519 + MESH:D005750 + NCIT:C32661 + UMLS:C0017133 + Wikipedia:Gastric_juice + galen:GastricJuice + stomach secretion + uberon + succus gastricus + UBERON:0001971 + + + gastric juice + + + + + UMLS:C0017133 + ncithesaurus:Gastric_Secretion + + + + + succus gastricus + BTO:0000501 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0002109 + EMAPA:35325 + FMA:62997 + MA:0002724 + SCTID:362128009 + esophageal submucosa + esophagus submucosa + gullet submucosa + oesophagus submucosa + submucosa of esophagus + submucosa of gullet + submucosa of oesophagus + tela submucosa (oesophagus) + tela submucosa esophagi + tela submucosa oesophageae + tela submucosa of esophagus + uberon + submucous layer of esophagus + tela submucosa oesophagi + UBERON:0001972 + submucosa of esophagus + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa (oesophagus) + FMA:62997 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tela submucosa esophagi + BTO:0002109 + + + + + + tela submucosa oesophageae + FMA:62997 + FMA:TA + + + + + + submucous layer of esophagus + BTO:0002109 + + + + + tela submucosa oesophagi + BTO:0002109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:26987 + FMA:63050 + MA:0001568 + NCIT:C49223 + UMLS:C1707949 + esophagus lamina propria + esophagus lamina propria mucosa + esophagus lamina propria mucosae + gullet lamina propria + gullet lamina propria mucosa + gullet lamina propria mucosae + lamina propria mucosa of esophagus + lamina propria mucosa of gullet + lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus + lamina propria mucosae of esophagus + lamina propria mucosae of gullet + lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus + lamina propria of gullet + lamina propria of oesophagus + oesophagus lamina propria mucosa + oesophagus lamina propria mucosae + uberon + esophageal lamina propria + oesophagus lamina propria + UBERON:0001974 + lamina propria of esophagus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1707949 + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Lamina_Propria + + + + + esophagus lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophageal lamina propria + EMAPA:26987 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35322 + FMA:63057 + MA:0001571 + esophagus serosa + esophagus serous membrane + gullet serosa + gullet serous membrane + oesophagus serous membrane + serosa of abdominal part of esophagus + serosa of gullet + serosa of oesophagus + serous coat of oesophagus + serous membrane of esophagus + serous membrane of gullet + serous membrane of oesophagus + tunica serosa oesophageae + uberon + oesophagus serosa + UBERON:0001975 + serosa of esophagus + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica serosa oesophageae + FMA:63057 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. + TODO check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar + Simple columnar epithelium that lines the esophagus. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] + BTO:0001578 + CALOHA:TS-0698 + EFO:0003041 + EHDAA2:0001287 + EMAPA:16835 + FMA:63063 + MA:0001565 + NCIT:C49221 + TAO:0001499 + UMLS:C1179544 + ZFA:0001499 + epithelial tissue of esophagus + epithelial tissue of gullet + epithelial tissue of oesophagus + epithelium of gullet + epithelium of oesophagus + esophageal epithelium + esophagus epithelial tissue + esophagus epithelium + gullet epithelial tissue + gullet epithelium + oesophagus epithelial tissue + uberon + oesophagus epithelium + UBERON:0001976 + + + + + epithelium of esophagus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000468 + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium that lines the esophagus. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001499 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C1179544 + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:32925 + FMA:63120 + MA:0000724 + SCTID:371401008 + VHOG:0001430 + pancreas parenchyma + pancreatic parenchyma + uberon + UBERON:0001978 + + parenchyma of pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. + + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] + BTO:0002626 + EMAPA:35917 + FMA:63130 + MA:0000071 + MESH:D014699 + NCIT:C12818 + SCTID:341687009 + TAO:0005315 + UMLS:C0042520 + VHOG:0001765 + Wikipedia:Venule + ZFA:0005315 + uberon + venula + UBERON:0001979 + + + + + venule + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg + + + + + One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. + MESH:A07.231.432.952 + MP:0004125 + + + + + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005315 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0042520 + ncithesaurus:Venule + + + + + venula + Wikipedia:Venule + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] + Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] + AAO:0010253 + BTO:0001997 + EMAPA:35146 + FMA:63182 + MA:0000063 + MESH:D001160 + NCIT:C12672 + SCTID:337724002 + TAO:0002138 + UMLS:C0003847 + VHOG:0001763 + Wikipedia:Arteriole + ZFA:0005255 + uberon + arteriola + UBERON:0001980 + + + + arteriole + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg + + + + + + MA + + + + + The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. + GO:0014830 + + + + + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002138 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010253 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0003847 + ncithesaurus:Arteriole + + + + + arteriola + Wikipedia:Arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. + consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus + + Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] + Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. + FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX + vascular element + AAO:0011004 + AEO:0000207 + BTO:0001102 + CALOHA:TS-0080 + EFO:0000817 + EHDAA2:0003252 + EHDAA:240 + EMAPA:32743 + EMAPA:35993 + FMA:50722 + FMA:63183 + GAID:169 + MA:0000060 + MAT:0000393 + MESH:D001808 + NCIT:C12679 + NLXANAT:090901 + SCTID:361097006 + TAO:0002137 + UMLS:C0005847 + VHOG:0001250 + Wikipedia:Blood_vessel + XAO:0001011 + ZFA:0005314 + region of vascular tree organ + vascular tree organ region + uberon + vas sanguineum + UBERON:0001981 + + + + + + blood vessel + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + GO:0072360 + + + + + A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. + BTO:0001102 + Wikipedia:Blood_vessel + + + + + Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001250 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011004 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001250 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX + FMA + + + + + vascular element + EMAPA:35993 + + + + + UMLS:C0005847 + ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel + + + + + region of vascular tree organ + FMA:50722 + + + + + vascular tree organ region + FMA:50722 + + + + + vas sanguineum + Wikipedia:Blood_vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. + not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element + + Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs + AAO:0010252 + BTO:0002045 + CALOHA:TS-2006 + EFO:0001906 + EMAPA:35198 + EV:0100035 + FMA:63194 + MA:0000065 + MESH:D002196 + NCIT:C12685 + NLXANAT:090902 + TAO:0005250 + UMLS:C0935624 + VHOG:0001253 + Wikipedia:Capillary + XAO:0000116 + ZFA:0005250 + blood capillary + capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:0001982 + + + + + + capillary + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/A_red_blood_cell_in_a_capillary,_pancreatic_tissue_-_TEM.jpg + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Capillary + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/137 + + + + + Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010252 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001253 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0935624 + ncithesaurus:Capillary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. + + CALOHA:TS-0172 + EMAPA:35935 + FMA:63882 + GAID:891 + MA:0001242 + MESH:D004728 + NCIT:C12707 + SCTID:368827009 + TAO:0002186 + UMLS:C0014259 + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + ZFA:0001687 + cornea endothelium + endothelium of cornea + uberon + epithelium posterius corneae + UBERON:0001985 + + + + + corneal endothelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + + + + + + + + + + WP + + + + + A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + + + + + UMLS:C0014259 + ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium + + + + + cornea endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of cornea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium posterius corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. + + endothelial + BTO:0000393 + CALOHA:TS-0278 + EFO:0002548 + FMA:63916 + GAID:520 + MESH:D004727 + NCIT:C12481 + SCTID:27168002 + UMLS:C0014257 + galen:Endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001986 + + + + The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) + endothelium + + + + + + + + + + FMA-text-def + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/225 + + + + + + UBERON:0001985 + FMA-inferred + + + + + A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. + FMA:63916 + MESH:A10.272.491 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/225 + + + + + UMLS:C0014257 + ncithesaurus:Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. + Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] + fecal + excreta + BTO:0000440 + CALOHA:TS-2345 + ENVO:00002003 + FMA:64183 + GAID:1199 + MA:0002509 + MAT:0000053 + MESH:D005243 + MIAA:0000053 + NCIT:C13234 + UMLS:C0015733 + Wikipedia:Feces + galen:Feces + faeces + fecal material + fecal matter + piece of shit + portion of excrement + portion of faeces + portion of fecal material + portion of fecal matter + portion of feces + portionem cacas + stool + cow dung + cow pat + dung + fewmet + frass + guano + portion of dung + portion of guano + portion of scat + scat + spraint + uberon + droppings + excrement + ordure + spoor + UBERON:0001988 + + + feces + + + + + Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. + Wikipedia:Feces + http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feces + + + + + Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] + FMA:64183 + + + + + UMLS:C0015733 + ncithesaurus:Feces + + + + + piece of shit + PMID:23285307 + + + + + portionem cacas + + + + + + cow dung + Wikipedia:Cow_dung + + + + + cow pat + Wikipedia:Cow_dung + + + + + fewmet + Wikipedia:Fewmet + + + + + frass + Wikipedia:Frass + + + + + guano + Wikipedia:Guano + + + + + spraint + Wikipedia:Spraint + + + + + excrement + BTO:0000440 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. + + Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] + One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung[WP] + AAO:0010221 + BTO:0000778 + CALOHA:TS-0839 + EFO:0001399 + EHDAA2:0001575 + EHDAA:4351 + EMAPA:17008 + FMA:66326 + GAID:505 + MA:0002031 + MESH:D011651 + NCIT:C12774 + SCTID:181380003 + UMLS:C0034052 + VHOG:0000982 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + XAO:0004162 + galen:PulmonaryArtery + pulmonary arterial tree + pulmonary arterial tree organ part + uberon + arteria pulmonalis + pulmonary arterial subtree + truncus pulmonalis + UBERON:0002012 + + + + + pulmonary artery + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + EHDAA2 + XAO + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010221 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000982 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+artery + + + + + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000982 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034052 + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Artery + + + + + pulmonary arterial tree + FMA:66326 + + + + + pulmonary arterial tree organ part + FMA:66326 + + + + + arteria pulmonalis + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + + + + + + pulmonary arterial subtree + FMA:66326 + + + + + truncus pulmonalis + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. + + Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] + One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + + AAO:0010521 + BTO:0001799 + CALOHA:TS-0840 + EHDAA2:0001579 + EHDAA:2629 + EMAPA:18645 + FMA:66643 + GAID:543 + MA:0002206 + MESH:D011667 + NCIT:C12776 + SCTID:430160002 + UMLS:C0034090 + VHOG:0001133 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein + XAO:0000394 + galen:PulmonaryVein + pulmonary venous tree organ part + uberon + venae pulmonales + UBERON:0002016 + + + + pulmonary vein + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. + GO:0060577 + + + + + Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010521 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001133 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+vein + + + + + the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart + MP:0002726,MGI:cwg + + + + + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001133 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034090 + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + venae pulmonales + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. + + BTO:0001792 + CALOHA:TS-0814 + EHDAA2:0001485 + EHDAA:6510 + EMAPA:17349 + FMA:66645 + GAID:540 + MA:0002198 + MESH:D011169 + NCIT:C33343 + SCTID:362064007 + UMLS:C0032718 + VHOG:0000656 + XAO:0000392 + galen:PortalVein + portal venous tree organ part + uberon + UBERON:0002017 + + + + portal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. + BTO:0001792 + + + + + UMLS:C0032718 + ncithesaurus:Portal_Vein + + + + + portal venous tree organ part + FMA:66645 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. + Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] + AEO:0001012 + EHDAA2:0003136 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 + EMAPA:37596 + FMA:67242 + HBA:4006 + MA:0001112 + MESH:D066128 + NCIT:C32695 + TAO:0002197 + UMLS:C0018220 + VHOG:0001768 + Wikipedia:Gray_matter + ZFA:0001681 + neuronames:2869 + gray matter + gray matter of neuraxis + grey matter + grey matter of neuraxis + grey substance + neuronal grey matter + substantia grisea + uberon + gray mater + grisea + UBERON:0002020 + + + + gray matter + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg + + + + + A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. + Wikipedia:Gray_matter + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002197 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + EMAPA:37596 + MA:th + + + + + MESH:D066128 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0018220 + ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter + + + + + gray matter of neuraxis + FMA:67242 + + + + + neuronal grey matter + AEO:0001012 + + + + + substantia grisea + FMA:67242 + FMA:TA + + + + + + gray mater + ZFA:0001681 + + + + + grisea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. + + + + + Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + rhombencephalic + in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps + AAO:0010150 + BAMS:HB + BIRNLEX:942 + BTO:0000672 + CALOHA:TS-0457 + DHBA:10653 + DMBA:16808 + EFO:0000923 + EHDAA2:0000746 + EHDAA:3514 + EHDAA:6487 + EMAPA:16916 + FMA:67687 + MA:0000195 + MAT:0000107 + MBA:1065 + MESH:D012249 + MIAA:0000107 + NCIT:C40336 + SCTID:303456008 + TAO:0000029 + UMLS:C0035507 + UMLS:C1522180 + VHOG:0000070 + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + XAO:0000015 + ZFA:0000029 + neuronames:540 + uberon + rhombencephalon + UBERON:0002028 + + + + + + hindbrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + modified-source-relation + ABA + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + ZFA:0000029 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + PMID:8932866 + + + + + Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010150 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000029 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000029 + TAO + + + + + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000070 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0035507 + BIRNLEX:942 + ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain + + + + + UMLS:C1522180 + BIRNLEX:942 + + + + + neuronames:540 + BIRNLEX:942 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. + BTO:0001449 + CALOHA:TS-1304 + EMAPA:35370 + FMA:67711 + MA:0001632 + NCIT:C49227 + UMLS:C1180206 + epithelial tissue of gall bladder + epithelial tissue of gallbladder + epithelium of gallbladder + gall bladder epithelial tissue + gall bladder epithelium + gallbladder epithelial tissue + gallbladder epithelium + uberon + biliary epithelium + UBERON:0002029 + + epithelium of gall bladder + + + + + The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. + MP:0009492 + + + + + UMLS:C1180206 + ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. + Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] + AAO:0010762 + AEO:0000140 + CALOHA:TS-2047 + EHDAA2:0003140 + EMAPA:36390 + FMA:67905 + MA:0002438 + NCIT:C12436 + UMLS:C1331262 + WBbt:0005779 + Wikipedia:Striated_muscle + galen:StriatedMuscle + striated muscle + uberon + UBERON:0002036 + + + striated muscle tissue + + + + + Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. + CL:0000737 + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_muscle + + + + + Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010762 + AAO + AAO:CAM + + + + + UMLS:C1331262 + ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. + + EMAPA:18608 + FMA:68109 + GAID:477 + MA:0001923 + MESH:D001981 + NCIT:C32230 + SCTID:244247009 + UMLS:C0006257 + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + bronchial arterial tree + uberon + arteriae bronchiales + rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae + UBERON:0002040 + + + Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. + bronchial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray1032.png + + + + + A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0006257 + ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery + + + + + arteriae bronchiales + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + + rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. + + + + + BAMS:PnR + BAMS:RA-PONS + BAMS:RPn + BIRNLEX:1110 + DHBA:12471 + DHBA:12475 + FMA:68875 + HBA:9159 + MA:0001022 + MBA:238 + UMLS:C0175423 + Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus + neuronames:589 + raphe of pons + raphe pontis + uberon + nucleus raphe pontis + nucleus raphes pontis + raphe (mediana pontina) + raphe pontis nucleus + UBERON:0002047 + + + pontine raphe nucleus + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + UMLS:C0175423 + BIRNLEX:1110 + + + + + neuronames:589 + BIRNLEX:1110 + + + + + raphe pontis + FMA:68875 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nucleus raphe pontis + NeuroNames:589 + + + + + + nucleus raphes pontis + Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus + + + + + + raphe (mediana pontina) + NeuroNames:589 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. + + + + Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + pulmonary + respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi + AAO:0000275 + AAO:0010567 + BTO:0000763 + CALOHA:TS-0568 + EFO:0000934 + EHDAA2:0001042 + EHDAA:1554 + EHDAA:2205 + EMAPA:16728 + EV:0100042 + FMA:7195 + GAID:345 + MA:0000415 + MAT:0000135 + MESH:D008168 + MIAA:0000135 + NCIT:C12468 + SCTID:181216001 + UMLS:C0024109 + VHOG:0000310 + Wikipedia:Lung + XAO:0000119 + galen:Lung + pulmo + uberon + UBERON:0002048 + + + + + + + Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] + lung + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-lung.glb + + + + + + + + + + some species only have a single lung + + + + + Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-5104 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + + + + + + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-5104 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + + + + + Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010567 + AAO + AAO:SBH + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000310 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W, Wang Z, Collins JE, Andrews RM, Stemple D, Gong Z, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0024109 + ncithesaurus:Lung + + + + + pulmo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. + see also: vascular system. Consider merging? + + vascular + BTO:0003718 + FMA:69050 + TAO:0005249 + ZFA:0005249 + vascular network + uberon + UBERON:0002049 + + + + + vasculature + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. + ZFA:0005249 + + + + + vascular network + FMA:69050 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] + in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure + AAO:0000138 + BILA:0000034 + BTO:0000174 + CALOHA:TS-2110 + EFO:0000461 + FBbt:00004208 + FMA:69067 + GAID:407 + MESH:D004628 + NCIT:C13229 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 + SCTID:667009 + TAO:0001105 + UMLS:C0013948 + VSAO:0000178 + XAO:0003042 + ZFA:0001105 + developing embryonic structure + embryonic anatomical structure + uberon + developing structure + embryonale Struktur + embryonic structures + UBERON:0002050 + + + + embryonic structure + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. + BTO:0000174 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000138 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001105 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000178 + VSAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00004208 + + + + + + UMLS:C0013948 + ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Structure + + + + + developing embryonic structure + FBbt:00004208 + + + + + embryonic anatomical structure + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 + + + + + embryonale Struktur + BTO:0000174 + + + + + embryonic structures + ZFA:0001105 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies the diaphragm. + In humans this includes the superior and inferior phrenic arteries + EMAPA:37108 + FMA:69330 + MA:0002019 + NCIT:C33320 + UMLS:C1181536 + uberon + UBERON:0002057 + + phrenic artery + + + + + An artery that supplies the diaphragm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37108 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1181536 + ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. + assume spelling error for ncit + EHDAA2:0004143 + EMAPA:35887 + FMA:70301 + GAID:554 + MA:0000103 + MESH:D014338 + NCIT:C34317 + SCTID:308828009 + UMLS:C1519589 + Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology) + uberon + UBERON:0002061 + + truncus arteriosus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. + Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology) + + + + + assume spelling error for ncit + ncit + + + + + UMLS:C1519589 + ncithesaurus:Trancus_Arteriosus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. + Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] + (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000434 + EHDAA2:0004028 + EHDAA:2586 + EMAPA:16696 + FMA:70302 + MA:0000078 + MESH:D054089 + TAO:0001317 + VHOG:0000932 + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions + XAO:0004189 + ZFA:0001317 + AV cushion + atrioventricular cushion + cardiac cushion + endocardial cushion tissue + uberon + atrioventricular canal cushion + endocardial cushions + UBERON:0002062 + + + + GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form + endocardial cushion + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + Wikipedia + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. + GO:0003197 + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001317 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001317 + TAO + + + + + (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000932 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/35047564 Stainier DYR, Zebrafish genetics and vertebrate heart formation. Nature Reviews Genetics (2001) Figure 3 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D054089 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + atrioventricular cushion + Wikipedia:Endocardial_cushion + + + + + cardiac cushion + PMID:15797462 + + + + + endocardial cushion tissue + EHDAA2:0000434 + + + + + atrioventricular canal cushion + FMA:70302 + + + + + endocardial cushions + + + + + + + + + + + + The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. + Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Part of the circulatory system which receives blood from the systemic veins and contracts to pump the blood into the atrium of the heart.[AAO] + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] + In fish, receives venous blood from the systemic circulation through paired hepatic veins, anterior jugular veins and Cuvierian ducts[PMID:20735616] + In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarmu + In zebrafish, the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract + inflow tract + AAO:0010505 + EHDAA2:0001839 + EHDAA:480 + EMAPA:16237 + FMA:70303 + NCIT:C34299 + NCIT:C34300 + TAO:0000154 + UMLS:C0225857 + UMLS:C0231084 + VHOG:0000177 + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + ZFA:0000154 + uberon + sinus venarum + sinus venosus cordis + venarum + venarum sinus + venosus + UBERON:0002063 + + + + sinus venosus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + VHOG + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. + PMID:20735616 + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000154 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the circulatory system which receives blood from the systemic veins and contracts to pump the blood into the atrium of the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010505 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000177 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In zebrafish, the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract + ZFA:0000154 + + + + + inflow tract + ZFA:0000154 + + + + + UMLS:C0225857 + ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venarum + + + + + UMLS:C0231084 + ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venosus + + + + + sinus venarum + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + sinus venosus cordis + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + + venarum + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + venarum sinus + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + venosus + Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. + Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers + + A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] + dermal + AAO:0000128 + BTO:0000294 + CALOHA:TS-2076 + EFO:0000953 + EMAPA:17527 + EV:0100154 + FMA:70323 + GAID:1321 + MA:0000152 + MAT:0000153 + MESH:D020405 + MIAA:0000153 + NCIT:C12701 + SCTID:361696001 + TAO:0001119 + UMLS:C0011646 + VHOG:0000108 + Wikipedia:Dermis + XAO:0000217 + ZFA:0001119 + vertebrate dermis + uberon + corium + cutis + UBERON:0002067 + + + + + + dermis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EpidermisPainted.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + + definitional + + + + + The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. + Wikipedia:Dermis + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001119 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000108 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.231-232 see also p.209 and p.228 and Figure 6-1 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0011646 + ncithesaurus:Dermis + + + + + corium + BTO:0000294 + Wikipedia:Dermis + + + + + + cutis + BTO:0000294 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. + + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. + hypodermal + subcutaneous + subcutaneus + BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. + BTO:0001314 + CALOHA:TS-2366 + EMAPA:37505 + FMA:70544 + MESH:D040521 + NCIT:C33645 + TAO:0001136 + UMLS:C0278403 + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + ZFA:0001136 + hypoderm + vertebrate hypodermis + uberon + sub-tegumental tissue + subcutaneous tissue + subcutis + subtegumental tissue + superficial fascia + tela subcutanea + UBERON:0002072 + + + + + hypodermis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + FMA-modified + + + + + Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001136 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. + FMA:70544 + + + + + BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. + BTO + + + + + EMAPA:37505 + MA:th + + + + + MESH:D040521 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0278403 + ncithesaurus:Subcutis + + + + + sub-tegumental tissue + BTO:0004525 + + + + + subcutaneous tissue + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + subtegumental tissue + BTO:0004525 + + + + + superficial fascia + + + + + + tela subcutanea + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. + An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] + general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. + AAO:0010386 + BTO:0001491 + EHDAA:512 + EMAPA:16245 + FMA:7085 + MA:0000019 + MESH:D014781 + NCIT:C28287 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 + SCTID:118760003 + UMLS:C0042779 + Wikipedia:Viscus + XAO:0003034 + visceral organ + visceral organ system + uberon + splanchnic tissue + viscera + visceral tissue + UBERON:0002075 + + + + + viscus + + + + + An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. + BTO:0001491 + Wikipedia:Viscus + https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/14 + + + + + An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010386 + AAO + BTO:0001491 + + + + + general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0042779 + ncithesaurus:Viscera + + + + + visceral organ + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 + + + + + visceral organ system + MA:0000019 + + + + + splanchnic tissue + BTO:0001491 + + + + + visceral tissue + BTO:0001491 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. + + Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + AAO:0010248 + BTO:0001703 + EHDAA2:0000290 + EMAPA:17321 + FMA:7096 + MA:0000075 + NCIT:C12868 + SCTID:244383003 + UMLS:C0225844 + VHOG:0000328 + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + XAO:0003192 + galen:RightAtrium + cardiac right atrium + heart right atrium + right atrium + right atrium of heart + right cardiac atrium + uberon + atrium dextrum + UBERON:0002078 + + + + right cardiac atrium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] + FMA:7096 + + + + + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000328 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225844 + ncithesaurus:Right_Atrium + + + + + heart right atrium + MA:0000075 + + + + + right atrium + VHOG:0000328 + + + + + atrium dextrum + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. + + Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] + The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + AAO:0010247 + BTO:0001702 + EHDAA2:0000275 + EMAPA:17315 + FMA:7097 + MA:0000074 + NCIT:C12869 + SCTID:244387002 + UMLS:C0225860 + VHOG:0000369 + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + XAO:0003191 + galen:LeftAtrium + atrium sinistrum + cardiac left atrium + heart left atrium + left atrium + left atrium of heart + left cardiac atrium + uberon + UBERON:0002079 + + + + left cardiac atrium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] + FMA:7097 + + + + + The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. + XAO:EJS + + + + + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000369 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225860 + ncithesaurus:Left_Atrium + + + + + atrium sinistrum + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + + + + + + heart left atrium + MA:0000074 + + + + + left atrium + VHOG:0000369 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. + + The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + In mammals continuous with the pulmonary arteries + BTO:0001630 + CALOHA:TS-0443 + EHDAA2:0000196 + EMAPA:17340 + FMA:7098 + MA:0000093 + NCIT:C12870 + SCTID:244384009 + UMLS:C0225883 + VHOG:0000717 + Wikipedia:Right_ventricle + galen:RightVentricle + cardiac right ventricle + right ventricle + right ventricle of heart + uberon + right cardiac ventricle + ventriculus dexter + UBERON:0002080 + + + + heart right ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:17276708 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000717 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225883 + ncithesaurus:Right_Ventricle + + + + + right ventricle + FMA:7098 + + + + + right cardiac ventricle + EMAPA:17340 + + + + + ventriculus dexter + Wikipedia:Right_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. + One of four heart chambers.[TAO] + One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO] + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010246 + BTO:0000903 + CALOHA:TS-0437 + EFO:0000277 + EHDAA2:0000154 + EHDAA:1265 + EMAPA:16688 + EV:0100019 + FMA:7099 + GAID:555 + MA:0000073 + MAT:0000496 + MESH:D006325 + NCIT:C12728 + SCTID:261405004 + TAO:0000471 + UMLS:C0018792 + VHOG:0000175 + Wikipedia:Heart_atrium + ZFA:0000471 + galen:Atrium + atria + atrium + atrium of heart + cardiac atria + heart atrium + uberon + atrial tissue + UBERON:0002081 + + + + + cardiac atrium + + + + + Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. + Wikipedia:Heart_atrium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + One of four heart chambers.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000471 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010246 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000175 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018792 + ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Atrium + + + + + atria + + + + + + atrium + ZFA:0000471 + + + + + cardiac atria + + + + + + atrial tissue + BTO:0000903 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. + A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] + One of four heart chambers.[TAO] + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG] + ventricle + AAO:0010249 + BTO:0000862 + CALOHA:TS-0444 + EFO:0000317 + EHDAA2:0004164 + EHDAA:1912 + EMAPA:17331 + EV:0100020 + FMA:7100 + GAID:568 + MA:0000091 + MAT:0000497 + MESH:D006352 + NCIT:C12730 + SCTID:277699000 + TAO:0000009 + UMLS:C0018827 + VHOG:0000435 + Wikipedia:Ventricle_(heart) + XAO:0003193 + ZFA:0000009 + galen:Ventricle + heart ventricle + lower chamber of heart + ventricle of heart + uberon + UBERON:0002082 + + + + + cardiac ventricle + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. + Wikipedia:Ventricle_(heart) + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010249 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + One of four heart chambers.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000009 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000435 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018827 + ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. + + Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + In mammals continuous with aorta + BTO:0001629 + CALOHA:TS-0439 + EHDAA2:0002178 + EMAPA:17337 + FMA:7101 + MA:0000092 + NCIT:C12871 + SCTID:244385005 + UMLS:C0225897 + VHOG:0000718 + Wikipedia:Left_ventricle + galen:LeftVentricle + cardiac left ventricle + left cardiac ventricle + left ventricle + left ventricle of heart + uberon + ventriculus sinister cordis + UBERON:0002084 + + + + heart left ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000718 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000718 + VHOG + DOI:10.1126/science.1190181 Stolfi A, Gainous TB, Young JJ, Mori A, Levine M, Christiaen L, Early chordate origins of the vertebrate second heart field. Science (2010) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225897 + ncithesaurus:Left_Ventricle + + + + + left ventricle + FMA:7101 + + + + + ventriculus sinister cordis + Wikipedia:Left_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. + The partition separating the right and left atria of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000838 + EHDAA:1896 + EMAPA:17011 + FMA:7108 + MA:0000084 + NCIT:C32818 + SCTID:362016003 + UMLS:C0225836 + VHOG:0000385 + Wikipedia:Interatrial_septum + galen:InteratrialSeptum + atrial septum + atrium septum + interatrial septal wall + uberon + UBERON:0002085 + + + interatrial septum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png + + + + + A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The partition separating the right and left atria of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000385 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interatrial+septum + + + + + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000385 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225836 + ncithesaurus:Interatrial_Septum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. + Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] + The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] + The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] + The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] + axial skeleton + AAO:0000034 + EFO:0000942 + EHDAA2:0000161 + EHDAA:5049 + EMAPA:17214 + EMAPA:37721 + FMA:71221 + MA:0002986 + MAT:0000148 + MESH:D013131 + MIAA:0000148 + TAO:0000317 + VHOG:0000317 + VSAO:0000093 + XAO:0003073 + ZFA:0000317 + post-cranial axial skeleton + uberon + UBERON:0002090 + + + + + previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. + postcranial axial skeleton + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. + ZFA:0000317 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2983975&group_id=76834&atid=974957 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=2983977&group_id=76834 + + + + + Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000093 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000034 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000317 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000317 + VHOG + DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-8-4 Schilling N, Evolution of the axial system in craniates: morphology and function of the perivertebral musculature. Frontiers in Zoology (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + axial skeleton + FMA:71221 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + EMAPA:37721 + MA:th + + + + + MESH:D013131 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] + Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] + The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] + ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. + AAO:0000747 + EFO:0000951 + EMAPA:32729 + FMA:71222 + MA:0000290 + MAT:0000278 + MIAA:0000278 + NCIT:C49477 + SCTID:322050006 + UMLS:C0222646 + VHOG:0001666 + VSAO:0000076 + Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton + XAO:0003166 + appendicular skeleton + entire appendicular skeleton + paired fin skeleton + uberon + skeleton appendiculare + UBERON:0002091 + + + + + + appendicular skeleton + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Appendicular_skeleton_diagram.svg + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. + UBERONREF:0000003 + Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000076 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000027 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000747 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0222646 + ncithesaurus:Appendicular_Skeleton + + + + + entire appendicular skeleton + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/59 + + + + + paired fin skeleton + + + + + + skeleton appendiculare + Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. + + The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] + involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) + BTO:0002483 + EFO:0001956 + EHDAA:2603 + EMAPA:17333 + FMA:7133 + MA:0000085 + NCIT:C32874 + SCTID:362019005 + UMLS:C0225870 + VHOG:0000386 + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + galen:InterventricularSeptum + heart interventricular septum + heart ventricular septum + uberon + interventricular septum of heart + interventriculare cordis + intraventricular septum + s. interventriculare cordis + septum inferius + septum membranaceum + ventricle septum + ventricular septum + UBERON:0002094 + + + + + interventricular septum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Heart.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Heart.glb + + + + + Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. + FMA:7133 + + + + + The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000386 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interventricular+septum + + + + + The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000386 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.430 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) + ISBN:0124020607 + + + + + UMLS:C0225870 + ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Septum + + + + + heart interventricular septum + MA:0000085 + + + + + heart ventricular septum + MA:0000085 + + + + + interventricular septum of heart + BTO:0002483 + + + + + interventriculare cordis + BTO:0002483 + + + + + intraventricular septum + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + s. interventriculare cordis + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + + septum inferius + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + septum membranaceum + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + ventricular septum + MA:0000085 + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. + mesenteric + in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: 'In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.'. TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. + + AAO:0011061 + BTO:0001380 + EV:0100083 + FMA:7144 + GAID:21 + MESH:D008643 + NCIT:C33103 + SCTID:362707009 + UMLS:C0025474 + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29 + galen:Mesentery + generic mesentery + mesentery (generic) + uberon + UBERON:0002095 + + + + mesentery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray1038.png + + + + + Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. + FMA:7144 + Wikipedia:Mesentery + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/85 + + + + + in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: 'In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.'. TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0025474 + ncithesaurus:Mesentery + + + + + generic mesentery + Wikipedia:Mesentery + + + + + mesentery (generic) + Wikipedia:Mesentery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. + consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates + + MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin + BTO:0001253 + CALOHA:TS-0934 + EFO:0000962 + EHDAA2:0001844 + EMAPA:17525 + FMA:7163 + MESH:D012867 + MFMO:0000099 + NCIT:C12470 + SCTID:181469002 + UMLS:C1123023 + Wikipedia:Skin + XAO:0000023 + galen:Skin + entire skin + skin organ + uberon + entire integument + integument + integumental organ + pelt + skin + UBERON:0002097 + + + + + + skin of body + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/VH_F_Skin.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/VH_M_Skin.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Skin.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.3/3d-vh-f-skin.glb + + + + + + + + + + Wikipathways:WP2062 + + + + + The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C1123023 + ncithesaurus:Skin + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. + 'Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations' + in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this + EMAPA:35400 + FMA:7180 + GAID:562 + MA:0000083 + MESH:D006346 + NCIT:C49485 + SCTID:362014000 + UMLS:C0018819 + cardiac septa + heart septa + heart septum + septum of heart + uberon + spiral septa + UBERON:0002099 + + + cardiac septum + + + + + The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. + MESH:A07.541.459 + + + + + in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this + GO + + + + + UMLS:C0018819 + ncithesaurus:Heart_Septum + + + + + cardiac septa + + + + + + heart septa + + + + + + spiral septa + XAO:0004141 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. + + + Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] + AAO:0010339 + BILA:0000116 + BTO:0001493 + CALOHA:TS-1071 + EFO:0000966 + EMAPA:31857 + FMA:7181 + MA:0000004 + MAT:0000296 + MIAA:0000296 + NCIT:C33816 + SCTID:262225004 + TAO:0001115 + UMLS:C0460005 + Wikipedia:Torso + XAO:0000054 + XAO:0003025 + ZFA:0001115 + galen:Trunk + thoracolumbar region + torso + trunk region + uberon + Rumpf + UBERON:0002100 + + + + + trunk + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. + TAO:0001115 + UBERONREF:0000006 + Wikipedia:Torso + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010339 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001115 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0460005 + ncithesaurus:Trunk + + + + + trunk region + XAO:0000054 + + + + + Rumpf + BTO:0001493 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. + The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] + UBERON:0007036 + AAO:0000632 + BILA:0000140 + EMAPA:36003 + FMA:7191 + MA:0002444 + NCIT:C12888 + SCTID:281831001 + TAO:0001127 + UMLS:C0587900 + Wikipedia:Visual_system + XAO:0003198 + ZFA:0001127 + http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/FMAID_7191 + photosensory system + visual organ system + uberon + UBERON:0002104 + + + + visual system + + + + + The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. + NIFSTD:FMAID_7191 + + + + + The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000632 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + UMLS:C0587900 + ncithesaurus:Visual_System + + + + + photosensory system + BILA:0000140 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. + The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] + AAO:0000631 + EMAPA:36002 + EMAPA:37985 + FMA:78500 + TAO:0001138 + XAO:0003195 + ZFA:0001138 + auditory organ system + vestibuloauditory system + uberon + auditory system + auditory/vestibular system + vestibuloauditory system + UBERON:0002105 + + + + + vestibulo-auditory system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Ear.svg + + + + + Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. + ZFA:0001138 + + + + + The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000631 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + EMAPA:37985 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. + + An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] + With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + lienal + splenic + In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron + Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) + It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells + AAO:0010395 + BTO:0001281 + CALOHA:TS-0956 + EFO:0000869 + EMAPA:18767 + EV:0100055 + FMA:7196 + GAID:1289 + MA:0000141 + MAT:0000085 + MESH:D013154 + MIAA:0000085 + NCIT:C12432 + SCTID:181279003 + TAO:0000436 + UMLS:C0037993 + VHOG:0000120 + Wikipedia:Spleen + XAO:0000328 + ZFA:0000436 + galen:Spleen + uberon + lien + UBERON:0002106 + + + + + + + spleen + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.0/VH_F_Spleen.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Spleen.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Spleen.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + MA + + + + + + multiple sources - true spleen appear in jawed vertebrates + + + + + The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000689 + + + + + An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010395 + AAO + AAO:BMZ + + + + + With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000120 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0781765190 Paul WE, Fundamental Immunology (2008) p.94 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) + PMID:20959416 + + + + + UMLS:C0037993 + ncithesaurus:Spleen + + + + + lien + Wikipedia:Spleen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + + Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + hepatic + An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). + The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. + secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. + AAO:0010111 + BTO:0000759 + CALOHA:TS-0564 + EFO:0000887 + EHDAA2:0000997 + EHDAA:2197 + EMAPA:16846 + EV:0100089 + FMA:7197 + GAID:288 + MA:0000358 + MAT:0000097 + MESH:D008099 + MIAA:0000097 + NCIT:C12392 + SCTID:181268008 + TAO:0000123 + UMLS:C0023884 + VHOG:0000257 + Wikipedia:Liver + XAO:0000133 + ZFA:0000123 + galen:Liver + uberon + iecur + jecur + UBERON:0002107 + + + + + + + + liver + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Liver.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Liver.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO + EHDAA2 + GO-def + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA-weakened + + + + + + definitional + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + http://www.stembook.org/node/512 + + + + + An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + BTO:0000759 + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010111 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010111 + AAO + + + + + All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000257 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.526, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C0023884 + ncithesaurus:Liver + + + + + iecur + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + + jecur + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. + + The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010397 + BTO:0000651 + CALOHA:TS-0942 + EFO:0000841 + EMAPA:32834 + EV:0100072 + FMA:7200 + GAID:313 + MA:0000337 + MAT:0000047 + MESH:D007421 + MIAA:0000047 + NCIT:C12386 + SCTID:181250005 + TAO:0001323 + UMLS:C0021852 + VHOG:0000055 + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + XAO:0000130 + ZFA:0001323 + galen:SmallIntestine + small bowel + small intestine + uberon + anterior intestine + intestinum tenue + mid intestine + UBERON:0002108 + + + + + + + + small intestine + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Small_Intestine.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Small_Intestine.glb + + + + + + 2 + cjm + + + + + Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + + + + + The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001323 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000055 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0021852 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestine + + + + + intestinum tenue + BTO:0000651 + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. + + + + Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010114 + BTO:0000493 + CALOHA:TS-0394 + EFO:0000853 + EHDAA2:0000699 + EHDAA:8062 + EMAPA:17202 + EV:0100090 + FMA:7202 + MA:0000356 + MAT:0000072 + MESH:D005704 + MIAA:0000072 + NCIT:C12377 + SCTID:181269000 + TAO:0000208 + UMLS:C0016976 + VHOG:0000221 + Wikipedia:Gallbladder + XAO:0000135 + ZFA:0000208 + galen:Gallbladder + cholecyst + gall bladder + uberon + vesica biliaris + vesica fellea + UBERON:0002110 + + + + + + Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) + gallbladder + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/GallbladderAnatomy-en.svg + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + MA + ZFA + cjm + + + + + + definitional + + + + + An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. + Wikipedia:Gallbladder + + + + + + ISBN:9780120749034 + + + + + + GOC:mr + ISBN:9781840761122 + + + + + + GOC:mr + ISBN:9781840761122 + + + + + Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000221 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010114 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010114 + AAO + + + + + The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000221 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970915)38:6<571::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-I Oldham-Ott CK, Gilloteaux J, Comparative morphology of the gallbladder and biliary tract in vertebrates: Variation in structure, homology in function and gallstones. Microscopy research and technique (1997) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0016976 + ncithesaurus:Gallbladder + + + + + cholecyst + WikipediaVersioned:Gallbladder&oldid=1092217922 + + + + + vesica biliaris + Wikipedia:Gallbladder + + + + + + vesica fellea + Wikipedia:Gallbladder + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0000087 + CALOHA:TS-1198 + EMAPA:36285 + FMA:72024 + MA:0000708 + NCIT:C49195 + UMLS:C1706851 + arterial smooth muscle + artery smooth muscle + artery smooth muscle tissue + smooth muscle of artery + uberon + arterial smooth muscle cell + UBERON:0002111 + artery smooth muscle tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1706851 + ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + arterial smooth muscle + BTO:0000087 + + + + + smooth muscle of artery + FMA:72024 + + + + + arterial smooth muscle cell + BTO:0000087 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35323 + FMA:72025 + MA:0001573 + esophageal smooth muscle + esophagus involuntary muscle + esophagus non-striated muscle + esophagus smooth muscle + esophagus smooth muscle tissue + gullet involuntary muscle + gullet non-striated muscle + gullet smooth muscle + gullet smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of esophagus + involuntary muscle of gullet + involuntary muscle of oesophagus + non-striated muscle of esophagus + non-striated muscle of gullet + non-striated muscle of oesophagus + oesophagus involuntary muscle + oesophagus non-striated muscle + oesophagus smooth muscle tissue + smooth muscle of gullet + smooth muscle of oesophagus + smooth muscle tissue of esophagus + smooth muscle tissue of gullet + smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus + uberon + oesophagus smooth muscle + UBERON:0002112 + + smooth muscle of esophagus + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). + + + The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + duodenal + In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. + In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. + AAO:0010402 + BTO:0000365 + CALOHA:TS-0214 + EFO:0000851 + EMAPA:18852 + EV:0100073 + FMA:7206 + GAID:284 + MA:0000338 + MAT:0000044 + MESH:D004386 + MIAA:0000044 + NCIT:C12263 + SCTID:181247007 + UMLS:C0013303 + VHOG:0000052 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + XAO:0000236 + galen:Duodenum + uberon + proximal intestine + upper intestine + UBERON:0002114 + + + + + + duodenum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Small_Intestine.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Small_Intestine.glb + + + + + + 3 + cjm + + + + + The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). + ISBN:0815318960 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + + ZFA:0000348 + + + + + The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000052 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. + NCBITaxon:32443 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. + NCBITaxon:9606 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + UMLS:C0013303 + ncithesaurus:Duodenum + + + + + proximal intestine + BTO:0000365 + + + + + upper intestine + BTO:0000365 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EMAPA:37367 + FMA:7213 + MA:0001705 + NCIT:C33487 + SCTID:280123002 + UMLS:C0227873 + uberon + UBERON:0002118 + right ovary + + + + + An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37367 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0227873 + ncithesaurus:Right_Ovary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + EMAPA:37366 + FMA:7214 + MA:0001704 + NCIT:C32969 + SCTID:280124008 + UMLS:C0227874 + uberon + UBERON:0002119 + left ovary + + + + + An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals + + + + + EMAPA:37366 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0227874 + ncithesaurus:Left_Ovary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. + + + + In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound[GO:0021718] + The SOC displays a significant interspecies variation, being largest in bats and rodents and smaller in primates. + BAMS:SOC + BIRNLEX:1307 + DHBA:12462 + EMAPA:35840 + EV:0100263 + FMA:72247 + HBA:9177 + MA:0001026 + MBA:398 + MESH:D065832 + UMLS:C0175427 + VHOG:0001381 + Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex + neuronames:569 + nucleus olivaris superior + superior olivary nuclei + uberon + regio olivaris superioris + superior olivary nucleus + superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) + superior olive + UBERON:0002128 + + superior olivary complex + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray713.png + + + + + + + + + + NIFSTD + + + + + A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. + ISBN:0-19-502694-2 + Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + MESH:D065832 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0175427 + BIRNLEX:1307 + + + + + neuronames:569 + BIRNLEX:1307 + + + + + nucleus olivaris superior + FMA:72247 + FMA:TA + + + + + + superior olivary nuclei + FMA:72247 + + + + + regio olivaris superioris + NeuroNames:569 + + + + + + superior olivary nucleus + FMA:72247 + + + + + + superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) + NeuroNames:569 + + + + + superior olive + FMA:72247 + ISBN:0-19-502694-2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. + TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons + + + + + BAMS:CAE + BAMS:LC + BIRNLEX:905 + BM:Pons-LC + BTO:0001408 + DHBA:12819 + DMBA:16972 + EFO:0001963 + EMAPA:35502 + FMA:72478 + GAID:577 + HBA:9148 + MA:0001017 + MBA:147 + MESH:D008125 + NCIT:C97333 + SCTID:369016004 + TAO:0000539 + UMLS:C0023951 + Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus + ZFA:0000539 + neuronames:583 + Noradrenergic cell group A6 + blue nucleus + caerulean nucleus + locus caeruleus + locus coeruleu + locus coeruleus + nucleus caeruleus + nucleus of locus caeruleus + nucleus pigmentosus pontis + substantia ferruginea + uberon + loci coeruleus + locus cinereus + locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) + nucleus loci caerulei + UBERON:0002148 + + + + + locus ceruleus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png + + + + + + + + + + check ZFA + NIFSTD + + + + + The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. + GAID:577 + GO:0021703 + Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + UMLS:C0023951 + BIRNLEX:905 + ncithesaurus:Locus_Coeruleus + + + + + neuronames:583 + BIRNLEX:905 + + + + + Noradrenergic cell group A6 + Noradrenergic_cell_group_A6&oldid=981960774 + + + + + blue nucleus + BIRNLEX:905 + + + + + locus caeruleus + BIRNLEX:905 + + + + + nucleus caeruleus + FMA:72478 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nucleus pigmentosus pontis + BIRNLEX:905 + + + + + substantia ferruginea + BIRNLEX:905 + + + + + loci coeruleus + ZFA:0000539 + + + + + + locus cinereus + BTO:0001408 + + + + + locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) + NeuroNames:583 + + + + + nucleus loci caerulei + NeuroNames:583 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:SSN + BAMS:SuS + BIRNLEX:1131 + DHBA:12435 + EHDAA2:0004646 + EMAPA:37756 + FMA:72482 + HBA:9194 + MA:0001027 + MBA:462 + SCTID:369028007 + UMLS:C0175447 + Wikipedia:Superior_salivatory_nucleus + neuronames:590 + superior salivary nucleus + uberon + nucleus salivarius superior + nucleus salivatorius cranialis + nucleus salivatorius rostralis + nucleus salivatorius superior + UBERON:0002149 + + superior salivatory nucleus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray788.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NIFSTD + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). + BIRNLEX:1131 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + EMAPA:37756 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0175447 + BIRNLEX:1131 + + + + + neuronames:590 + BIRNLEX:1131 + + + + + superior salivary nucleus + GO:0021753 + + + + + nucleus salivarius superior + NeuroNames:590 + + + + + + nucleus salivatorius cranialis + NeuroNames:590 + + + + + + nucleus salivatorius rostralis + NeuroNames:590 + + + + + + nucleus salivatorius superior + NeuroNames:590 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. + Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] + Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] + Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. + UBERON:0006225 + AAO:0010408 + BTO:0000387 + CALOHA:TS-2075 + EFO:0000821 + EHDAA2:0004153 + EMAPA:17868 + EMAPA:32686 + EV:0100021 + FMA:7280 + GAID:550 + MA:0000076 + MAT:0000455 + MESH:D004699 + NCIT:C13004 + SCTID:362013006 + TAO:0001320 + UMLS:C0014124 + VHOG:0000084 + Wikipedia:Endocardium + XAO:0000066 + ZFA:0001320 + galen:Endocardium + endocardial lining + endocardial tissue + heart endocardium + uberon + heart endocardial tissue + UBERON:0002165 + + + + + fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 + endocardium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. + GO:0003157 + + + + + Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001320 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010408 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. + FMA:7280 + + + + + UMLS:C0014124 + ncithesaurus:Endocardium + + + + + endocardial lining + EMAPA:32686 + + + + + endocardial tissue + EMAPA:17868 + + + + + heart endocardial tissue + VHOG:0000084 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the atrium. + EMAPA:32745 + FMA:7284 + MA:0000077 + SCTID:192001005 + TAO:0002169 + VHOG:0000606 + ZFA:0001614 + Cardiac atria endocardium + atrial endocardium + atrium endocardium + atrium of heart endocardium + cardiac atrium endocardium + endocardium of Cardiac atria + endocardium of atrium of heart + endocardium of cardiac atrium + endocardium of heart atrium + heart atrium endocardium + uberon + atrium endocardial tissue + UBERON:0002166 + + + endocardium of atrium + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the atrium. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Cardiac atria endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + atrium of heart endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac atrium endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of Cardiac atria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of atrium of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of cardiac atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of heart atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart atrium endocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + atrium endocardial tissue + VHOG:0000606 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0001730 + EHDAA:4969 + EMAPA:17661 + FMA:7309 + MA:0000426 + NCIT:C33483 + SCTID:361967000 + UMLS:C0225706 + VHOG:0000301 + Wikipedia:Right_lung + uberon + UBERON:0002167 + + + right lung + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gray972.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-lung.glb + + + + + Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Right_lung + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000301 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225706 + ncithesaurus:Right_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0000943 + EHDAA:4947 + EMAPA:17653 + FMA:7310 + MA:0000425 + NCIT:C32967 + SCTID:361982005 + UMLS:C0225730 + VHOG:0000618 + Wikipedia:Left_lung + uberon + UBERON:0002168 + + + left lung + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Gray973.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-lung.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-lung.glb + + + + + Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Left_lung + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000618 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225730 + ncithesaurus:Left_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. + + the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] + UBERON:0008875 + panniculus adiposus + BTO:0004042 + EMAPA:35829 + FMA:74315 + MA:0000473 + MESH:D015434 + fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + hypodermis fat layer + panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) + panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae + subcutaneous fat layer + uberon + fatty layer of superficial fascia + subcutaneous fat + UBERON:0002190 + + + subcutaneous adipose tissue + + + + + A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] + MP:0011156 + + + + + panniculus adiposus + MP:0011156 + + + + + MESH:D015434 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + FMA:74315 + + + + + hypodermis fat layer + MP:0011156 + + + + + panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) + FMA:74315 + FMA:TA + + + + + + panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae + FMA:74315 + FMA:TA + + + + + + subcutaneous fat layer + MP:0011156 + + + + + fatty layer of superficial fascia + FMA:74315 + + + + + subcutaneous fat + BTO:0004042 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. + CALOHA:TS-2018 + EHDAA2:0004615 + EMAPA:18765 + FMA:74562 + MA:0000013 + hematolymphoid system + lymphomyeloid complex + uberon + haemolymphoid system + UBERON:0002193 + hemolymphoid system + + + + + + MA + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. + in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. + + Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] + Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] + The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + integumental + integumentary + AAO:0000239 + BTO:0000634 + EMAPA:37504 + FMA:74657 + TAO:0000368 + VSAO:0000029 + Wikipedia:Integument + ZFA:0000368 + galen:Integument + dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis + integumentum commune + skin and subcutaneous tissue + skin plus hypodermis + the integument + uberon + dermal system + dermoid system + skin + tegument + vertebrate integument + UBERON:0002199 + + + + + integument + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. + Wikipedia:Integument + + + + + Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000239 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000029 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000368 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + EMAPA:37504 + MA:th + + + + + integumentum commune + FMA:74657 + FMA:TA + + + + + + the integument + FMA:74657 + + + + + dermal system + BTO:0000634 + + + + + dermoid system + BTO:0000634 + + + + + tegument + BTO:0000634 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + EFO:0003656 + FMA:74710 + TAO:0001267 + XAO:0004152 + ZFA:0001267 + adult head vascular network + adult head vasculature + cranial vasculature + head vascular network + vascular network of adult head + vascular network of head + vasculature of adult head + uberon + head vasculature + UBERON:0002200 + + + vasculature of head + + + + + Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vasculature of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:74712 + TAO:0005024 + ZFA:0005024 + torso vascular network + torso vasculature + trunk vascular network + trunk vasculature + vascular network of torso + vascular network of trunk + vasculature of torso + uberon + UBERON:0002201 + + vasculature of trunk + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vasculature of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vasculature that is part of the eye region. + + not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA + FMA:74743 + SCTID:123846009 + TAO:0007057 + ZFA:0007057 + eye vascular network + ocular blood vessel + ocular vasculature + vascular network of eye + uberon + eye vasculature + optic vasculature + UBERON:0002203 + + + + vasculature of eye + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:0781772214 + + + + + Vasculature that is part of the eye region. + OBOL:automatic + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3489658&group_id=76834&atid=994726 + + + + + not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA + ZFA + + + + + eye vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ocular blood vessel + ZFA:0007057 + + + + + vascular network of eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. + Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] + There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] + musculoskeletal + + AAO:0010546 + CALOHA:TS-1311 + EMAPA:32714 + EV:0100139 + FMA:7482 + GAID:98 + MA:0002418 + MESH:D009141 + NCIT:C12754 + SCTID:278858007 + UMLS:C0026860 + VHOG:0001275 + VSAO:0000031 + Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system + XAO:0000168 + musculo-skeletal system + uberon + UBERON:0002204 + + musculoskeletal system + + + + + + + + + + check ctenophore + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. + VSAO:0000031 + VSAO:curator + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 + + + + + Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010546 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001275 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21246 Shearman RM, Burke AC, The lateral somitic frontier in ontogeny and phylogeny. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0026860 + ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. + EMAPA:36581 + FMA:7496 + MA:0000320 + SCTID:58442004 + TAO:0005155 + Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint + ZFA:0005155 + articulatio cartilaginea + uberon + junctura cartilaginea + UBERON:0002213 + + + cartilaginous joint + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint + + + + + junctura cartilaginea + Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. + Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] + AEO:0000183 + CALOHA:TS-2138 + EHDAA2:0003183 + FMA:7501 + MA:0000322 + NCIT:C32461 + SCTID:113234001 + TAO:0005153 + Wikipedia:Synovial_joint + ZFA:0005153 + galen:SynovialJoint + articulatio synoviale + diarthroses + diarthrosis + diarthrosis joint + uberon + diarthrodial joints + UBERON:0002217 + + + + synovial joint + + + + + Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. + FMA:7501 + Wikipedia:Synovial_joint + + + + + Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005153 + TAO + ZFIN:Curator + + + + + diarthroses + ZFA:0005153 + + + + + + diarthrodial joints + ZFA:0005153 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. + In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities + EMAPA:36497 + FMA:7565 + GAID:93 + MA:0000032 + MESH:D035423 + NCIT:C12905 + SCTID:243949006 + UMLS:C0230139 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity + cavitas thoracis + cavity of chest + cavity of thorax + chest cavity + pectoral cavity + space of thoracic compartment + thoracic lumen + uberon + UBERON:0002224 + + + thoracic cavity + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray846.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + + + + + The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity + + + + + UMLS:C0230139 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Cavity + + + + + cavitas thoracis + Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity + + + + + + space of thoracic compartment + FMA:7565 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). + TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? + + + Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010151 + BAMS:SP + BAMS:Spinal + BIRNLEX:1709 + BM:SpC + BTO:0001279 + CALOHA:TS-0953 + DHBA:12890 + DMBA:17651 + EFO:0000110 + EHDAA2:0001255 + EHDAA:2863 + EMAPA:17577 + EV:0100316 + FMA:7647 + GAID:695 + MA:0000216 + MAT:0000183 + MESH:D013116 + MIAA:0000183 + NCIT:C12464 + SCTID:180959008 + TAO:0000075 + UMLS:C0037925 + VHOG:0000601 + Wikipedia:Spinal_cord + XAO:0000020 + ZFA:0000075 + neuronames:22 + uberon + SpC + cerebro-cerebellar fissure + cerebrocerebellar fissure + fissura cerebro-cerebellaris + fissura cerebrocerebellaris + medulla spinalis + spinal cord structure + spinal medulla + UBERON:0002240 + + + + + + + + + spinal cord + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Spinal_cord_direv.svg + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Spinal_Cord.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Spinal_Cord.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + definitional + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). + BIRNLEX:1709 + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010151 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000601 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0037925 + BIRNLEX:1709 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord + + + + + neuronames:22 + BIRNLEX:1709 + + + + + SpC + + + + + + cerebro-cerebellar fissure + NeuroNames:22 + + + + + cerebrocerebellar fissure + NeuroNames:22 + + + + + fissura cerebro-cerebellaris + NeuroNames:22 + + + + + + fissura cerebrocerebellaris + NeuroNames:22 + + + + + + medulla spinalis + BTO:0001279 + Wikipedia:Spinal_cord + + + + + + spinal cord structure + ZFA:0000075 + + + + + spinal medulla + BTO:0001279 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. + we follow the standard evolutionary classification and treat this as endoskeletal. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes parts of the dermatocranium (e.g. frontal, parietal) + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO] + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO] + chondrocranial + covers the brain dorsally in chondrichthyans + AAO:0010169 + EHDAA2:0000243 + EMAPA:17681 + TAO:0001424 + VHOG:0000288 + Wikipedia:Chondrocranium + ZFA:0001424 + uberon + calvarium + neurocranium + UBERON:0002241 + + chondrocranium + + + + + Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. + Wikipedia:Chondrocranium + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocranium + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010169 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001424 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + calvarium + MA:0000317 + + + + + neurocranium + MA:0000317 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]. + The anterior horn of the spinal cord (or anterior cornu, or anterior column, or ventral horn) is the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains motor neurons that affect the axial muscles while the posterior horn receives information regarding touch and sensation. The anterior horn is where the cell bodies of alpha motorneurons are located[Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]. + BAMS:VH + BIRNLEX:2668 + BTO:0005151 + EMAPA:18575 + EMAPA:35794 + FMA:256541 + MA:0001134 + NCIT:C33859 + SCTID:279443000 + TAO:0000702 + UMLS:C0228569 + UMLS:C0228590 + VHOG:0001288 + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + ZFA:0000702 + neuronames:1751 + anterior gray column of spinal cord + anterior gray horn of spinal cord + anterior grey column of spinal cord + anterior horn + columna grisea anterior medullae spinalis + spinal cord anterior horn + spinal cord ventral horn + ventral gray column of spinal cord + ventral gray matter of spinal cord + ventral grey column of spinal cord + ventral grey horn + ventral horn spinal cord + ventral region of spinal cord + ventral spinal cord + uberon + anterior column + anterior column of the spinal cord + anterior horn (spinal cord) + cornu anterius medullae spinalis + ventral horn of the spinal cord + ventral horns spinal cord + UBERON:0002257 + + + ventral horn of spinal cord + + + + + + + + + + FMA-abduced-lr + + + + + The ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]. + GO:0021517 + MP:0005112 + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=36855&atid=440764 + + + + + The anterior horn of the spinal cord (or anterior cornu, or anterior column, or ventral horn) is the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains motor neurons that affect the axial muscles while the posterior horn receives information regarding touch and sensation. The anterior horn is where the cell bodies of alpha motorneurons are located[Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]. + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + + + + + UMLS:C0228569 + BIRNLEX:2668 + + + + + UMLS:C0228590 + ncithesaurus:Ventral_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord + + + + + anterior gray column of spinal cord + FMA:256541 + + + + + anterior gray horn of spinal cord + FMA:256541 + + + + + anterior horn + BIRNLEX:2668 + + + + + columna grisea anterior medullae spinalis + FMA:256541 + FMA:TA + + + + + + spinal cord anterior horn + BIRNLEX:2668 + + + + + ventral gray column of spinal cord + FMA:256541 + + + + + ventral gray matter of spinal cord + FMA:256541 + + + + + ventral grey horn + BIRNLEX:2668 + + + + + ventral horn spinal cord + ZFA:0000702 + + + + + anterior column + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + + + + + anterior column of the spinal cord + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + + + + + anterior horn (spinal cord) + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + + + + + cornu anterius medullae spinalis + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord + + + + + + ventral horn of the spinal cord + BAMS:VH + + + + + ventral horns spinal cord + VHOG:0001288 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). + this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation. + It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. + FMA has a spinal cord reticular formation but we follow NNs (classical) to restrict this to brainstem structures. This means we also include the MA class for brainstem reticular formation here. FMA has subtypes of reticular formation but we treat this as a composite structure + BAMS:RET + EMAPA:35188 + FMA:77719 + MA:0003185 + MESH:D012154 + NLX:143558 + SCTID:361552007 + Wikipedia:Reticular_formation + neuronames:1223 + brain stem reticular formation + brainstem reticular formation + reticular formation (classical) + reticular formation of the brainstem + uberon + UBERON:0002275 + + reticular formation + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Gray701.png + + + + + A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). + NeuroNames:1223 + + + + + FMA has a spinal cord reticular formation but we follow NNs (classical) to restrict this to brainstem structures. This means we also include the MA class for brainstem reticular formation here. FMA has subtypes of reticular formation but we treat this as a composite structure + FMA + + + + + brain stem reticular formation + NeuroNames:1223 + + + + + brainstem reticular formation + MA:0003185 + NeuroNames:1223 + + + + + reticular formation (classical) + NeuroNames:1223 + + + + + reticular formation of the brainstem + NeuroNames:1223 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). + + FMA:79646 + GAID:279 + MA:0001273 + MESH:D001659 + NCIT:C12678 + SCTID:361354009 + Wikipedia:Biliary_system + biliary apparatus + uberon + biliary tract + UBERON:0002294 + + + biliary system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + + + + + Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). + Wikipedia:Biliary_system + + + + + biliary apparatus + FMA:79646 + + + + + biliary tract + FMA:79646 + MA:0001273 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. + The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] + EHDAA2:0004560 + EHDAA:3019 + EHDAA:3033 + EHDAA:3921 + EHDAA:3934 + EHDAA:3957 + EHDAA:3971 + FMA:79795 + SCTID:308823000 + TAO:0005130 + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development + ZFA:0005130 + uberon + dorsal mesogastrium + mesenterium dorsale commune + UBERON:0002296 + + + dorsal mesentery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray985.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005130 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + dorsal mesogastrium + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + + + + + mesenterium dorsale commune + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. + + + + Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] + Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. + the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] + BAMS:BS + BIRNLEX:1565 + BTO:0000146 + CALOHA:TS-0093 + EFO:0001962 + EMAPA:32678 + EV:0100241 + FMA:79876 + MA:0000169 + MBA:343 + MESH:D001933 + NCIT:C12441 + SCTID:180925009 + TAO:0002156 + UMLS:C0006121 + VHOG:0001457 + Wikipedia:Brainstem + ZFA:0001707 + neuronames:236 + brain stem + truncus encephali + uberon + accessory medullary lamina of pallidum + lamella pallidi incompleta + lamina medullaris accessoria + lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi + lamina pallidi incompleta + truncus encephalicus + UBERON:0002298 + + + + + 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). + brainstem + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. + ISBN:0471888893 + MP:0005277 + Wikipedia:Brainstem + ZFA:0001707 + + + + + + we apply a strict definition + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + + we apply a strict definition + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002156 + TAO + ISBN:3764351209 + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. + ZFA:0001707 + + + + + the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] + MP:0005277 + + + + + UMLS:C0006121 + BIRNLEX:1565 + ncithesaurus:Brain_Stem + + + + + neuronames:236 + BIRNLEX:1565 + + + + + brain stem + ABA:BS + + + + + truncus encephali + Wikipedia:Brainstem + + + + + + accessory medullary lamina of pallidum + NeuroNames:236 + + + + + lamella pallidi incompleta + NeuroNames:236 + + + + + + lamina medullaris accessoria + NeuroNames:236 + + + + + + lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi + NeuroNames:236 + + + + + + lamina pallidi incompleta + NeuroNames:236 + + + + + + truncus encephalicus + BTO:0000146 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] + EFO:0003087 + EMAPA:32746 + FMA:83509 + MA:0000081 + SCTID:191910002 + TAO:0001374 + VHOG:0000602 + ZFA:0001374 + atrial myocardium + atrium myocardium + uberon + atrium cardiac muscle + UBERON:0002302 + + + + myocardium of atrium + + + + + The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010493 + + + + + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000602 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + atrial myocardium + ZFA:0001374 + + + + + atrium cardiac muscle + VHOG:0000602 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. + EMAPA:35185 + FMA:83840 + MA:0000811 + NCIT:C49346 + SCTID:426465002 + UMLS:C1706993 + ZFA:0005575 + brain nucleus + uberon + brain nuclei + UBERON:0002308 + nucleus of brain + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1706993 + ncithesaurus:Brain_Nucleus + + + + + brain nuclei + ZFA:0005575 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. + BAMS:Scgrey + DHBA:146035048 + EMAPA:35792 + FMA:256580 + MA:0000002 + NCIT:C32696 + NLXANAT:100204 + SCTID:279441003 + UMLS:C0475853 + neuronames:2619 + gray matter of spinal cord + gray substance of spinal cord + grey matter of spinal cord + grey substance of spinal cord + spinal cord gray matter + spinal cord grey matter + spinal cord grey substance + substantia grisea medullae spinalis + uberon + UBERON:0002315 + + gray matter of spinal cord + + + + + The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. + MP:0008503 + + + + + UMLS:C0475853 + ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord + + + + + gray matter of spinal cord + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gray substance of spinal cord + FMA:256580 + + + + + spinal cord gray matter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spinal cord grey substance + OBOL:automatic + + + + + substantia grisea medullae spinalis + FMA:256580 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. + Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. + The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. + In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities + UBERON:0000169 + body cavity + AEO:0000186 + BTO:0001707 + EHDAA2:0000267 + FBbt:00005060 + FMA:85006 + NCIT:C25444 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 + SCTID:361348008 + TAO:0001438 + UMLS:C0333343 + ZFA:0001438 + galen:BodyCavity + coelomic cavity + coelomic cavity lumen + main body cavity + space of body compartment + ventral body cavity + uberon + celom + coelom + coelome + hemocoel + UBERON:0002323 + + + EDITOR_NOTE check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct + coelemic cavity lumen + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. + BTO:0001707 + + + + + Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. + 2012-09-12 + ZFA:0001438 + ZFA + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. + 2012-09-12 + BTO:0001707 + BTO + BTO + + + + + body cavity + BTO:0001707 + + + + + FBbt:00005060 + + + + + + UMLS:C0333343 + ncithesaurus:Cavity + + + + + coelomic cavity + EHDAA2:0000267 + + + + + coelomic cavity lumen + EHDAA2:0000267 + + + + + space of body compartment + FMA:85006 + + + + + ventral body cavity + NCBITaxon:7742 + + + + + celom + BTO:0001707 + + + + + coelome + BTO:0001707 + + + + + hemocoel + FBbt:00005060 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:35161 + FMA:85216 + MA:0000496 + back muscle + back muscle organ + muscle organ of back + uberon + UBERON:0002324 + + muscle of back + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + back muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. + Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] + Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + notochordal + In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. + + + AAO:0000327 + BTO:0001768 + CALOHA:TS-0690 + EHDAA2:0001277 + EHDAA:1241 + EHDAA:6021 + EMAPA:16191 + EV:0100002 + FMA:85521 + GAID:1311 + MAT:0000281 + MESH:D009672 + NCIT:C12463 + SCTID:308820002 + TAO:0000135 + UMLS:C0028439 + VHOG:0000199 + VSAO:0000032 + Wikipedia:Notochord + XAO:0000055 + ZFA:0000135 + http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/notochords.jpg + embryonic notocord + notocord + uberon + notochorda + UBERON:0002328 + + + + The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] + notochord + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:15890825 + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. + ISBN:0815318960 + Wikipedia:Notochord + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/25 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/271 + + + + + Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000032 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000135 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000327 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000327 + AAO + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000199 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0028439 + ncithesaurus:Notochord + + + + + notocord + ZFA:0000135 + + + + + notochorda + Wikipedia:Notochord + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. + EDITOR_NOTE currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk + + Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] + Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] + relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] + relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] + (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + somitic + mesodermal cluster + AAO:0010569 + AEO:0001015 + BTO:0001558 + EHDAA2:0003436 + EHDAA:366 + EHDAA:699 + EMAPA:31169 + FMA:85522 + GAID:1306 + MAT:0000068 + MESH:D019170 + MIAA:0000068 + NCIT:C34302 + TAO:0000155 + UMLS:C0376449 + VHOG:0000191 + Wikipedia:Somite + XAO:0000058 + ZFA:0000155 + uberon + epimere + epimere mesoderm + epithelial somite + somites + somitic mesoderm + somitus + UBERON:0002329 + + + + When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] + somite + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + GOTAX:0000352 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. + DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01987.x + Wikipedia:Somite + + + + + + PMID:17237766 + + + + + Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010569 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000155 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000155 + TAO + + + + + relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000155 + TAO + + + + + relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010569 + AAO + + + + + (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000191 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.40, DOI:10.1093/icb/43.1.137 Balavoine G, Adoutte A, The segmented urbilateria: a testable scenario. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2003) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + mesodermal cluster + GO:0001756 + + + + + UMLS:C0376449 + ncithesaurus:Somite + + + + + epimere + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + epithelial somite + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + somites + + + + + + somitus + Wikipedia:Somite + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. + CALOHA:TS-2057 + EHDAA2:0002225 + EMAPA:35329 + FMA:85539 + MA:0002411 + NCIT:C12957 + UMLS:C1516995 + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system + exocrine glandular system + uberon + UBERON:0002330 + + + exocrine system + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + + + + + UMLS:C1516995 + ncithesaurus:Exocrine_System + + + + + exocrine glandular system + EHDAA2:0002225 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. + + An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] + As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001576 + EHDAA:9831 + EMAPA:17015 + FMA:8612 + MA:0002033 + NCIT:C116918 + VHOG:0001134 + galen:PulmonaryTrunk + pulmonary artery (trunk) + trunk of pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + main pulmonary artery + UBERON:0002333 + + + + + pulmonary trunk + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png + + + + + + MA + + + + + An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001134 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+trunk + + + + + As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001134 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + main pulmonary artery + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. + EDITOR_NOTE consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). + + A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] + A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] + We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010578 + BTO:0001764 + CALOHA:TS-0676 + EHDAA2:0004419 + EMAPA:32737 + FMA:86666 + GAID:1310 + MAT:0000066 + MESH:D009432 + MIAA:0000066 + NCIT:C34222 + SCTID:361462002 + TAO:0000045 + UMLS:C0027789 + VHOG:0000057 + Wikipedia:Neural_crest + XAO:0000048 + ZFA:0000045 + neuronames:1366 + NC + uberon + crista neuralis + neural crest material + UBERON:0002342 + + + + Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. + neural crest + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray644.png + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XAO + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + + Hall and others restrict NC to vertebrates but we opt for a less restrictive constraint to avoid inconsistencies when areas such as P1 area of pallium in hagfishes inherit cell lineage from telecephalon-contributing NC cells + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + PMID:11523831 + + + + + + pre migratory https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + + PMID:11523831 + + + + + A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. + MP:0009846 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + PMID:17377535 + + + + + A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000045 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010578 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] + PMID:11523831 + + + + + We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000057 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK, Gillis JA, Incremental evolution of the neural crest, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0027789 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest + + + + + NC + XAO:0000048 + + + + + + crista neuralis + Wikipedia:Neural_crest + + + + + + neural crest material + VHOG:0000057 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Set of all muscles in abdomen. + distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature + FMA:71294 + FMA:86917 + TAO:0001327 + ZFA:0001327 + abdominal musculature + muscle group of abdomen + muscles of abdomen + musculature of abdomen + musculature of abdominal wall + set of muscles of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0002343 + + + abdomen musculature + + + + + Set of all muscles in abdomen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle group of abdomen + FMA:71294 + + + + + muscles of abdomen + FMA:71294 + + + + + musculature of abdominal wall + FMA:86917 + + + + + set of muscles of abdomen + FMA:71294 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + + EFO:0002527 + EMAPA:18605 + FMA:87217 + MA:0002572 + SCTID:181301002 + uberon + UBERON:0002345 + + + + descending thoracic aorta + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + MP:0009868 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. + (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] + neurectodermal + we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here + AAO:0011074 + BILA:0000039 + CALOHA:TS-1212 + EHDAA2:0001248 + EHDAA:1498 + EHDAA:255 + EMAPA:16073 + EV:0100004 + FBbt:00001057 + FMA:87657 + MAT:0000176 + MIAA:0000176 + NCIT:C34228 + TAO:0001120 + UMLS:C1518271 + VHOG:0000150 + Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm + XAO:0000042 + ZFA:0001120 + neural ectoderm + neuroectoderm + uberon + epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma + neuaral ectoderm + presumptive central nervous system + ventral neurogenic region + UBERON:0002346 + + + neurectoderm + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. + Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm + + + + + (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000150 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00001057 + + + + + + UMLS:C1518271 + ncithesaurus:Neuroectoderm + + + + + epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma + Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm + + + + + + ventral neurogenic region + VHOG:0000150 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. + + Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. In humans, they are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs + EMAPA:18011 + FMA:9139 + GAID:244 + MA:0000314 + MESH:D013904 + NCIT:C12798 + SCTID:181821009 + UMLS:C0039987 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae + dorsal vertebra + thorax vertebra + vertebra of thorax + vertebra thoracica + uberon + UBERON:0002347 + + + + thoracic vertebra + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0039987 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vertebra + + + + + thorax vertebra + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebra of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. + + External layer of the heart.[TAO] + The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] + The visceral pericardium apparently produces the pericardial fluid, which lubricates motion between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. During ventricular contraction, the wave of depolarization moves from endocardial to epicardial surface. [Wikipedia:Epicardium] + AAO:0010409 + EHDAA2:0002202 + FMA:9461 + NCIT:C13164 + TAO:0005057 + UMLS:C0225968 + VHOG:0000119 + Wikipedia:Epicardium + XAO:0000316 + ZFA:0005057 + galen:Epicardium + heart epicardium + visceral serous pericardium of heart + visceral serous pericardium proper + uberon + pericardium visceral mesothelium + UBERON:0002348 + + + + + EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. + epicardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + multiple + + + + + + FMA-inferred + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + External layer of the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005057 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010409 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0225968 + ncithesaurus:Epicardium + + + + + visceral serous pericardium of heart + FMA:9461 + + + + + visceral serous pericardium proper + FMA:9461 + + + + + pericardium visceral mesothelium + EMAPA:16589 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. + Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] + myocardial + AAO:0010410 + BSA:0000089 + BTO:0000901 + CALOHA:TS-0440 + EFO:0000819 + EHDAA2:0004150 + EMAPA:32688 + EV:0100022 + FMA:9462 + GAID:173 + MA:0000164 + MAT:0000453 + MESH:D009206 + NCIT:C12371 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 + SCTID:362012001 + TAO:0001319 + UMLS:C0027061 + VHOG:0000083 + Wikipedia:Myocardium + XAO:0000065 + ZFA:0001319 + galen:Myocardium + heart myocardium + muscle of heart + uberon + cardiac muscle + heart muscle + UBERON:0002349 + + + + + EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium + myocardium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg + + + + + The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005329 + + + + + Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000083 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010410 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0027061 + ncithesaurus:Myocardium + + + + + muscle of heart + FMA:9462 + + + + + cardiac muscle + ZFA:0001319 + + + + + heart muscle + FMA:9462 + ZFA:0001319 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. + EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue + The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] + EFO:0003909 + EHDAA2:0004185 + EMAPA:35428 + EV:0100025 + FMA:9476 + MA:0000094 + MESH:D006329 + SCTID:281489000 + TAO:0005063 + VHOG:0001271 + ZFA:0005063 + cardiac conducting system + cardiac conduction system + cardiac impulse conducting system + cardionector + complexus stimulans cordis + heart conduction system + impulse conducting system + systema conducente cordis + uberon + central conduction system + UBERON:0002350 + + + + conducting system of heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. + GO:0003161 + + + + + The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001271 + VHOG + DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + cardiac conducting system + VHOG:0001271 + + + + + cardiac impulse conducting system + GO:0003161 + + + + + complexus stimulans cordis + FMA:9476 + FMA:TA + + + + + + heart conduction system + GO:0003161 + + + + + impulse conducting system + MA:0000094 + + + + + systema conducente cordis + FMA:9476 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. + + BTO:0004358 + EHDAA2:0004184 + EMAPA:35772 + FMA:9477 + GAID:561 + MA:0000097 + MESH:D012849 + NCIT:C33555 + SCTID:277687007 + TAO:0005069 + UMLS:C0037189 + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + ZFA:0005069 + Koch's node + SA nodal muscle tissue + SA node + cardiac pacemaker + node of Keith-Flack + nodus sinuatrialis + sinoatrial node + sinu-atrial node + sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue + sinuatrial node + sinus node + sinus node of Keith and Flack + uberon + nodus sinuatrialis + UBERON:0002351 + + + + + WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. + sinoatrial node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Sinoatrial_node_2_low_mag.jpg + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. + GO:0003163 + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + + + + + UMLS:C0037189 + ncithesaurus:Sinoatrial_Node + + + + + Koch's node + FMA:9477 + + + + + SA nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9477 + + + + + SA node + FMA:9477 + + + + + cardiac pacemaker + FMA:9477 + + + + + node of Keith-Flack + FMA:9477 + + + + + nodus sinuatrialis + FMA:9477 + FMA:TA + + + + + + sinoatrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinu-atrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinuatrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinus node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinus node of Keith and Flack + FMA:9477 + + + + + nodus sinuatrialis + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. + + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus. Furthermore, within the ventricular component a compact outer myocardial component and an interiorly localized extensive trabecular component can be distinguished. The specific activation of the ventricle adds to its complexity as follows. The depolarizing impulse travels rapidly from the atrioventricular node toward the apex and then toward the conal region, achieving activation from apex to base.[uncertain][VHOG] + BTO:0005689 + EFO:0000276 + EHDAA2:0004183 + EMAPA:35153 + FMA:9478 + GAID:558 + MA:0000095 + MAT:0000498 + MESH:D001283 + NCIT:C32161 + SCTID:277688002 + TAO:0005070 + UMLS:C0004247 + VHOG:0001474 + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + ZFA:0005070 + AV nodal muscle tissue + AV node + Aschoff-Tawara node + atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue + node of Tawara + nodus atrioventricularis + uberon + A-V node + atrio-ventricular node + atriovetricular node + downstream pacemaker + nodus atrioventricularis + UBERON:0002352 + + + + + + atrioventricular node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray501.png + + + + + + cjm + + + + + An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + + + + + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus. Furthermore, within the ventricular component a compact outer myocardial component and an interiorly localized extensive trabecular component can be distinguished. The specific activation of the ventricle adds to its complexity as follows. The depolarizing impulse travels rapidly from the atrioventricular node toward the apex and then toward the conal region, achieving activation from apex to base.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001474 + VHOG + DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0004247 + ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Node + + + + + AV nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9478 + + + + + AV node + FMA:9478 + MA:0000095 + + + + + Aschoff-Tawara node + FMA:9478 + + + + + atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9478 + + + + + node of Tawara + FMA:9478 + + + + + nodus atrioventricularis + FMA:TA + + + + + + A-V node + EMAPA:35153 + + + + + atrio-ventricular node + EMAPA:35153 + + + + + atriovetricular node + TAO:0005070 + + + + + downstream pacemaker + ZFA:0005070 + + + + + nodus atrioventricularis + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. + UBERON:0004147 + BTO:0001735 + EMAPA:35718 + FMA:9492 + GAID:560 + MA:0000096 + MESH:D011690 + NCIT:C33430 + UMLS:C0034144 + Wikipedia:Purkinje_fiber + Purkinje fiber + cardiac Purkinje fiber + myofibra conducens cardiacus + subendocardial branch + uberon + heart Purkinje fiber + UBERON:0002354 + + + cardiac Purkinje fiber + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + GO + MA + + + + + + GO + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. + GO:0003165 + + + + + UMLS:C0034144 + ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Fiber + + + + + Purkinje fiber + FMA:9492 + MA:0000096 + + + + + cardiac Purkinje fiber + BTO:0001735 + GO:0003165 + + + + + myofibra conducens cardiacus + + + + + + subendocardial branch + Wikipedia:Purkinje_fiber + + + + + heart Purkinje fiber + BTO:0001735 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. + pelvic + MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs + BTO:0001006 + CALOHA:TS-2227 + EFO:0002805 + EMAPA:35931 + EV:0100012 + FMA:9578 + GAID:87 + MA:0000030 + MESH:D010388 + NCIT:C12767 + SCTID:229765004 + UMLS:C0030797 + Wikipedia:Pelvis + galen:Pelvis + lesser pelvis + pelvic region + pelvis + pelvis region + true pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0002355 + + + + pelvic region of trunk + + + + + The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. + Wikipedia:Pelvis + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/720 + + + + + MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0030797 + ncithesaurus:Pelvis + + + + + lesser pelvis + FMA:9578 + + + + + pelvis + FMA:9578 + MA:0000030 + + + + + true pelvis + FMA:9578 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. + EMAPA:19030 + FMA:9582 + MA:0002739 + SCTID:243954002 + Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium + serous portion of pericardium + uberon + pericardium serosum + UBERON:0002357 + + serous pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. + Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + serous portion of pericardium + FMA:9582 + + + + + pericardium serosum + Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. + TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium + An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] + Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO] + peritoneal + todo: check MA/EMAPA. + AAO:0010814 + BTO:0001472 + CALOHA:TS-2072 + EV:0100087 + FMA:9584 + GAID:18 + MA:0000449 + MESH:D010537 + NCIT:C12770 + TAO:0005120 + UMLS:C0031153 + VHOG:0001257 + Wikipedia:Peritoneum + XAO:0000139 + ZFA:0005120 + galen:Peritoneum + uberon + peritonaeum + UBERON:0002358 + + + + peritoneum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png + + + + + + + + + + MP + + + + + A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. + VHOG:0001257 + + + + + An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005120 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010814 + AAO + AAO:JMG + + + + + todo: check MA/EMAPA. + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0031153 + ncithesaurus:Peritoneum + + + + + peritonaeum + VHOG:0001257 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. + most superficial part of pericardium; continuous with the outer adventitial layer of the neighboring great blood vessels. [Wikipedia:Pericardium] + EMAPA:19029 + FMA:9586 + MA:0002738 + SCTID:243953008 + Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium + fibrous portion of pericardium + uberon + pericardium fibrosum + UBERON:0002359 + + + fibrous pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + WP + + + + + Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. + FMA:9586 + + + + + pericardium fibrosum + Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. + Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses + AEO:0000097 + BTO:0000765 + CALOHA:TS-2012 + EHDAA2:0003097 + EMAPA:35327 + FMA:9596 + GAID:34 + MA:0002564 + MESH:D005088 + NCIT:C12712 + SCTID:115976003 + UMLS:C0015282 + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + ducted gland + glandula exocrina + uberon + UBERON:0002365 + + + + exocrine gland + + + + + A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + + + + + UMLS:C0015282 + ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland + + + + + ducted gland + AEO:0000097 + + + + + glandula exocrina + Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. + AEO:0000098 + BTO:0001488 + CALOHA:TS-1300 + EHDAA2:0003098 + EMAPA:35999 + FMA:9602 + GAID:335 + MA:0002563 + MESH:D004702 + NCIT:C12704 + SCTID:40818001 + UMLS:C0014133 + Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland + ductless gland + glandula endocrina + uberon + ductless gland + glandulae endocrinae + UBERON:0002368 + + + + endocrine gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_endocrine_system.png + + + + + Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. + Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland + + + + + UMLS:C0014133 + ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Gland + + + + + ductless gland + AEO:0000098 + + + + + ductless gland + Wikipedia:Ductless_gland + + + + + glandulae endocrinae + Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. + TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs + consider placement of NCIT:C53466 medullary bone + + The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] + In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] + AAO:0011007 + BTO:0000141 + BTO:0000829 + CALOHA:TS-0087 + EFO:0000868 + EMAPA:32760 + EV:0100046 + FMA:9608 + GAID:1287 + MA:0000134 + MAT:0000084 + MESH:D001853 + MIAA:0000084 + NCIT:C12431 + SCTID:421320006 + UMLS:C0005953 + VHOG:0001218 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow + XAO:0000123 + galen:BoneMarrow + medulla ossea + medulla ossium + uberon + medulla of bone + medullary bone + UBERON:0002371 + + + + + bone marrow + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + MA + + + + + The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. + MGI:cwg + MP:0002397 + + + + + The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001218 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood Cells and Blood Cell Development in the Animal Kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0005953 + ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow + + + + + medulla ossea + BTO:0000141 + FMA:9608 + + + + + + medulla ossium + BTO:0000141 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow + + + + + + medulla of bone + BTO:0000141 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. + + UBERON:0003899 + AAO:0000107 + BTO:0000021 + EFO:0003524 + EHDAA2:0000322 + EMAPA:18172 + FMA:9616 + MA:0000578 + SCTID:244718003 + ZFA:0001652 + cephalic muscle + cephalic musculature + head muscle + head muscle organ + muscle of head + muscle organ of adult head + muscle organ of head + musculus caput + adult head muscle organ + uberon + cranial muscle + head muscles + UBERON:0002376 + + + + + defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984) + cranial muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cephalic muscle + ZFA:0001652 + + + + + head muscle + MA:0000578 + + + + + head muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of head + FMA:9616 + + + + + muscle organ of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cranial muscle + ZFA:0001652 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. + + EMAPA:36050 + FMA:9617 + GAID:149 + MA:0000587 + MESH:D009334 + NCIT:C33163 + UMLS:C0027532 + muscle organ of neck + muscle organ of neck (volume) + neck (volume) muscle organ + neck muscle + neck muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0002377 + + + + muscle of neck + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0027532 + ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle + + + + + muscle organ of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. + + BTO:0001261 + EMAPA:35103 + FMA:9620 + GAID:89 + MA:0000520 + MESH:D000009 + NCIT:C32040 + SCTID:361352008 + UMLS:C0000739 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle + abdomen muscle + abdomen muscle organ + abdominal muscle + abdominal wall muscle + muscle organ of abdomen + uberon + abdominal wall musculature + UBERON:0002378 + + + + muscle of abdomen + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. + Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C0000739 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Muscle + + + + + abdomen muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdominal wall musculature + EMAPA:35103 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] + Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] + MA also has set of connective tissues + + + AAO:0000098 + BTO:0000421 + CALOHA:TS-2009 + EFO:0000952 + EMAPA:35251 + FMA:9640 + GAID:100 + MA:0000011 + MAT:0000301 + MESH:D003238 + MIAA:0000301 + NCIT:C12374 + SCTID:361919005 + TAO:0001641 + UMLS:C0009780 + VSAO:0000017 + XAO:0001017 + ZFA:0001632 + galen:ConnectiveTissue + portion of connective tissue + textus connectivus + uberon + Bindegewebe + UBERON:0002384 + + + + + connective tissue + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000017 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/23 + + + + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000098 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001641 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000017 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + MA also has set of connective tissues + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0009780 + ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue + + + + + portion of connective tissue + FMA:9640 + + + + + Bindegewebe + BTO:0000421 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] + AAO:0000306 + AEO:0000122 + CALOHA:TS-0642 + EHDAA2:0003122 + EMAPA:32715 + FMA:9641 + MA:0002437 + MESH:D009132 + NCIT:C12435 + SCTID:91727004 + UMLS:C2328219 + Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue + galen:MuscleTissue + muscular tissue + portion of muscle tissue + textus muscularis + uberon + UBERON:0002385 + + Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. + muscle tissue + + + + + Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. + GO:0060537 + Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764 + + + + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000306 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + UMLS:C2328219 + ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue + + + + + muscular tissue + + + + + + portion of muscle tissue + FMA:9641 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. + + Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] + Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] + hematopoietic + In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes + AAO:0011002 + BTO:0000570 + CALOHA:TS-0449 + EFO:0000798 + EMAPA:35402 + EV:0100045 + FMA:9667 + GAID:1008 + MA:0002434 + MAT:0000022 + MESH:D006413 + MIAA:0000022 + NCIT:C12909 + SCTID:362587009 + TAO:0005023 + UMLS:C0018957 + VHOG:0001624 + Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis + XAO:0000122 + ZFA:0005023 + haematological system + haemopoietic system + organa haemopoietica + uberon + Blutbildungssystem + haematopoietic system + hematological system + hematolymphoid system + hemopoietic system + UBERON:0002390 + + + + + + hematopoietic system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. + Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011002 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001624 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.004 Ellett F, Lieschke GJ, Zebrafish as a model for vertebrate hematopoiesis. Current Opinion in Pharmacology (2010) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0018957 + ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_System + + + + + Blutbildungssystem + BTO:0000570 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. + A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. + Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA + AAO:0011019 + BTO:0000122 + CALOHA:TS-0075 + EHDAA2:0000741 + EMAPA:35171 + EV:0100091 + FMA:9706 + GAID:280 + MA:0000354 + MESH:D001652 + NCIT:C12376 + SCTID:276157007 + TAO:0001100 + UMLS:C0005400 + VHOG:0000212 + Wikipedia:Bile_duct + XAO:0000134 + ZFA:0001100 + uberon + bile tube + biliary duct + gall duct + hepatic duct + UBERON:0002394 + + + bile duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + MA + + + + + + XAO + + + + + Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. + Wikipedia:Bile_duct + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. + ZFA:0001100, ZFA:curator + + + + + Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000212 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bile+duct + + + + + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000212 + VHOG + DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ, Weinkle TK, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C0005400 + ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct + + + + + biliary duct + FMA:9706 + + + + + gall duct + BTO:0000122 + + + + + hepatic duct + ZFA:0001100 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. + + Dermal bone that underlies the mesethmoid and inserts in a fossa on the anteroventral surface of the parasphenoid.[TAO] + Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules.[AAO] + relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-vomer joint (TAO:0001784)[TAO] + relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-vomer joint (TAO:0001680)[TAO] + In bony fish, the vomers are flattened, paired, bones forming the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the premaxillary bones. In many species, they have teeth, supplementing those in the jaw proper; in some extinct species the teeth on the vomers were actually larger than the primary set. In amphibians and reptiles, the vomers become narrower, due to the presence of the enlarged choanae (the inner part of the nostrils) on either side, and they may extend further back in the jaw. They are typically small in birds, where they form the upper hind part of the beak, again being located between the choanae. In mammals, the vomers have become narrower still, and are fused into a single, vertically oriented bone. The development of the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth[WP] + The vomer is paired in some taxa (e.g., Amia) while unpaired in others (e.g., teleosts).[TAO] + AAO:0000633 + FMA:9710 + MA:0001496 + MESH:D055172 + NCIT:C33888 + SCTID:272678009 + TAO:0000308 + UMLS:C0242403 + Wikipedia:Vomer + ZFA:0000308 + vomer bone + uberon + prevomer + UBERON:0002396 + + + + + vomer + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + palatal series + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000098 + + + + + Dermal bone that underlies the mesethmoid and inserts in a fossa on the anteroventral surface of the parasphenoid.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000308 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000633 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-vomer joint (TAO:0001784)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000308 + TAO + + + + + relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-vomer joint (TAO:0001680)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000308 + TAO + + + + + In bony fish, the vomers are flattened, paired, bones forming the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the premaxillary bones. In many species, they have teeth, supplementing those in the jaw proper; in some extinct species the teeth on the vomers were actually larger than the primary set. In amphibians and reptiles, the vomers become narrower, due to the presence of the enlarged choanae (the inner part of the nostrils) on either side, and they may extend further back in the jaw. They are typically small in birds, where they form the upper hind part of the beak, again being located between the choanae. In mammals, the vomers have become narrower still, and are fused into a single, vertically oriented bone. The development of the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth[WP] + Wikipedia:Vomer#In_other_animals + + + + + The vomer is paired in some taxa (e.g., Amia) while unpaired in others (e.g., teleosts).[TAO] + 2012-09-06 + TAO:0000308 + TAO + Curator + + + + + MESH:D055172 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0242403 + ncithesaurus:Vomer + + + + + prevomer + TAO:0000308 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. + EMAPA:16776 + FMA:9733 + MA:0002488 + NCIT:C33273 + SCTID:361998003 + UMLS:C0225777 + VHOG:0001495 + Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura + uberon + pleura parietalis + UBERON:0002400 + + + the part of the pleura external to the visceral pleura. It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax + parietal pleura + + + + + The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae + + + + + UMLS:C0225777 + ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pleura + + + + + pleura parietalis + Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. + + Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. + FMA treats this as part of the lungs + EHDAA2:0002205 + EMAPA:16777 + FMA:9734 + MA:0002489 + NCIT:C33881 + SCTID:361997008 + UMLS:C0225776 + VHOG:0001496 + pleura pulmonalis + pleura visceralis + pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) + pulmonary visceral pleura + uberon + lung mesothelium + lung pleura + pulmonary pleura + UBERON:0002401 + + + + visceral pleura + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae + + + + + Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. + Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura + + + + + FMA treats this as part of the lungs + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0225776 + ncithesaurus:Visceral_Pleura + + + + + pleura pulmonalis + FMA:9734 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pleura visceralis + Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura + + + + + + lung mesothelium + EHDAA2:0002205 + + + + + pulmonary pleura + FMA:9734 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + The contraction of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure within the pleural cavity which forces the lungs to expand resulting in passive exhalation and active inhalation. This breathing process can be made forceful through the contraction of the external intercostal muscles which forces the rib cage to expand and add to the negative pressure in the pleural cavity causing the lungs to fill with air. The fluid in the cavity provides lubrication and cushioning + the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + BTO:0004422 + EHDAA2:0001475 + EMAPA:16773 + EMAPA:16774 + FMA:9740 + GAID:95 + MA:0000055 + MESH:D035422 + NCIT:C12840 + SCTID:361999006 + UMLS:C0178802 + VHOG:0000581 + Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity + cavitas pleuralis + uberon + cavitum pleuralae + cavitum pleurale + UBERON:0002402 + + + pleural cavity + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. + Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000581 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C0178802 + ncithesaurus:Pleural_Cavity + + + + + cavitas pleuralis + Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity + + + + + + cavitum pleuralae + Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity + + + + + + cavitum pleurale + Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. + + The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011003 + BILA:0000104 + BTO:0005810 + FMA:9825 + GAID:328 + MA:0002711 + MESH:D007107 + NCIT:C12735 + SCTID:362590003 + TAO:0001159 + UMLS:C0020962 + VHOG:0001247 + Wikipedia:Immune_system + XAO:0003152 + ZFA:0001159 + uberon + UBERON:0002405 + + + + + immune system + + + + + Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. + Wikipedia:Immune_system + + + + + The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001247 + VHOG + PMID:21046016 Dzik JM, The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions. Acta biochimica Polonica (2010) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0020962 + ncithesaurus:Immune_System + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. + FMA:9868 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 + SCTID:361326002 + TAO:0000054 + uberon + pericardium + UBERON:0002406 + + + pericardial sac + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. + Wikipedia:Pericardium + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. + + Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] + pericardial + In GO the concept of pericardium is developmental implicitly epithelial, but here it represents a multi-tissue structure encompassing the sac (epithelium plus connective) and cavity + this class denotes a combination of fibrous PC + PC sac (itself a combination of cavity, epithelium and connective tissue). Many sources use the term 'pericardium' to denote either just the serous membrane (ZFA) or the epithelium (GO) + we follow FMA in dividing pericardium into pericardial sac and fibrous pericardium + AAO:0010817 + BSA:0000090 + BTO:0000717 + CALOHA:TS-0761 + EFO:0000820 + EHDAA:5376 + EMAPA:16133 + EV:0100023 + FMA:9869 + GAID:569 + MA:0000099 + MAT:0000454 + MESH:D010496 + NCIT:C13005 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 + SCTID:181295003 + TAO:0000054 + UMLS:C0031050 + VHOG:0001280 + Wikipedia:Pericardium + XAO:0004182 + ZFA:0000054 + galen:Pericardium + uberon + UBERON:0002407 + + + + + + pericardium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. + Wikipedia:Pericardium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010817 + AAO + AAO:JMG + + + + + In GO the concept of pericardium is developmental implicitly epithelial, but here it represents a multi-tissue structure encompassing the sac (epithelium plus connective) and cavity + FMA + + + + + this class denotes a combination of fibrous PC + PC sac (itself a combination of cavity, epithelium and connective tissue). Many sources use the term 'pericardium' to denote either just the serous membrane (ZFA) or the epithelium (GO) + ZFA + + + + + we follow FMA in dividing pericardium into pericardial sac and fibrous pericardium + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0031050 + ncithesaurus:Pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. + EHDAA:3422 + EHDAA:5378 + EMAPA:19031 + FMA:9870 + MA:0000483 + NCIT:C94500 + SCTID:243956000 + UMLS:C0225969 + VHOG:0000537 + Wikipedia:Parietal_pericardium + lamina parietalis (pericardii serosum) + lamina parietalis pericardii + parietal layer of serous pericardium + parietal pericardium + uberon + pericardial sac + UBERON:0002408 + + + parietal serous pericardium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png + + + + + Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0225969 + ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pericardium + + + + + lamina parietalis pericardii + FMA:9870 + FMA:TA + + + + + + parietal pericardium + VHOG:0000537 + + + + + pericardial sac + DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.1013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. + BTO:0001016 + FMA:9887 + MA:0002530 + MESH:D000069236 + Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid + uberon + UBERON:0002409 + + pericardial fluid + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. + FMA:9887 + Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid + + + + + MESH:D000069236 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. + Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO] + From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG] + FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib + AAO:0000033 + BIRNLEX:1123 + BTO:0002507 + CALOHA:TS-2001 + EHDA:10095 + EHDAA2:0000158 + EHDAA:3767 + EMAPA:16984 + FMA:65553 + GAID:706 + IDOMAL:0002126 + MA:0000219 + MESH:D001341 + NCIT:C12673 + SCTID:362481007 + TAO:0001574 + UMLS:C0004388 + UMLS:C1305381 + VHOG:0000396 + Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system + ZFA:0001574 + neuronames:2054 + autonomic division of peripheral nervous system + autonomic part of peripheral nervous system + divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + peripheral autonomic nervous system + visceral nervous system + uberon + ANS + divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + UBERON:0002410 + + + + autonomic nervous system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + EMAPA + MA + NIFSTD + ZFA-modified-from-isa + + + + + The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. + GO:0048483 + + + + + Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000396 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000033 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000396 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261:3<111::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-F Butler AB, Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: An old brain in a new head. AnaT Rec (New Anat) (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib + FMA + + + + + IDOMAL:0002126 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0004388 + BIRNLEX:1123 + ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Nervous_System + + + + + UMLS:C1305381 + BIRNLEX:1123 + + + + + autonomic division of peripheral nervous system + FMA:65553 + + + + + autonomic part of peripheral nervous system + FMA:65553 + + + + + divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + FMA:TA + + + + + pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + FMA:TA + + + + + peripheral autonomic nervous system + FMA:65553 + + + + + ANS + + + + + + divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici + Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + Consider changing name to make distinction from inferred superclass 'vertebral element' clear + we follow FMA in making this an irregular bone - however vertebra have 'epiphyses' which are currently classified as belonging to long bones + + Endochondral bone that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.[TAO] + Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.[AAO] + AAO:0000691 + BTO:0006196 + CALOHA:TS-2352 + EFO:0001371 + EMAPA:32740 + FMA:9914 + MA:0000309 + NCIT:C12933 + SCTID:181817002 + TAO:0001189 + UMLS:C0549207 + Wikipedia:Vertebra + XAO:0004019 + ZFA:0001189 + galen:Vertebra + vertebra bone + vertebrae + uberon + UBERON:0002412 + + + + + vertebra + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000184 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Endochondral bone that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001189 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000691 + AAO + AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008 + + + + + BTO:0006196 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0549207 + ncithesaurus:Vertebra + + + + + vertebrae + PHENOSCAPE:ad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. + + In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery. + EMAPA:17674 + FMA:9915 + GAID:235 + MA:0000311 + MESH:D002574 + NCIT:C12693 + SCTID:181820005 + Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae + XAO:0003076 + galen:CervicalVertebra + cervical vertebrae + uberon + vertebrae cervicales + UBERON:0002413 + + + + cervical vertebra + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg + + + + + + true + + + + + A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cervical vertebrae + + + + + + vertebrae cervicales + Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An external caudal extension of the body. In chordates, the tail is post-anal, in other animals the anus ends in the tail. + Note we also have a subclass post-anal tail, for the chordate specific structure. currently defined very generally, inclusive of caudal fin + + AEO:0000109 + BILA:0000117 + BTO:0001348 + EFO:0000963 + EHDAA:9198 + GAID:1245 + MAT:0000094 + MESH:D013623 + MIAA:0000094 + WBbt:0005741 + Wikipedia:Tail + caudal subdivision + uberon + UBERON:0002415 + + + + + tail + + + + + An external caudal extension of the body. In chordates, the tail is post-anal, in other animals the anus ends in the tail. + AEO:0000109 + Wikipedia:Tail + + + + + caudal subdivision + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. + + (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] + + + UBERON:0007029 + AEO:0000154 + BILA:0000118 + CALOHA:TS-1299 + CARO:0002001 + EFO:0000807 + EHDAA2:0000836 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 + EHDAA:6520 + EMAPA:17524 + EV:0100151 + FBbt:00004969 + FMA:72979 + HAO:0000421 + MA:0000014 + MAT:0000033 + MESH:D034582 + MIAA:0000033 + NCIT:C12907 + SCTID:361692004 + TADS:0000108 + UMLS:C0037267 + VHOG:0000403 + Wikipedia:Integumentary_system + XAO:0000176 + galen:Surface + integumentary system + uberon + body surface + dermal system + external covering of organism + integumentum commune + organism surface + surface + UBERON:0002416 + + + + + integumental system + + + + + Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. + CARO:0002001 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/29 + + + + + (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000403 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FBbt:00004969 + + + + + + UMLS:C0037267 + ncithesaurus:Integumentary_System + + + + + integumentary system + FMA:72979 + + + + + dermal system + MIAA:0000033 + + + + + integumentum commune + Wikipedia:Integumentary_system + + + + + + organism surface + EHDAA2:0003154 + + + + + surface + BILA:0000118 + + + + + + + + + + The abdominal segment of the torso. + EMAPA:35104 + FMA:259211 + MA:0000021 + SCTID:362875007 + Wikipedia:Lumbar + uberon + abdomen/pelvis/perineum + lower body + lower trunk + lumbar region + UBERON:0002417 + abdominal segment of trunk + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The abdominal segment of the torso. + Wikipedia:Lumbar + + + + + abdomen/pelvis/perineum + MA:0000021 + + + + + lower body + MA:0000021 + + + + + lower trunk + FMA:259211 + + + + + lumbar region + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. + A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] + Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] + Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] + + + AAO:0000060 + AEO:0000087 + BTO:0000206 + EFO:0000949 + EHDAA2:0003087 + EMAPA:32730 + EV:0100141 + FMA:37377 + GAID:99 + MA:0000104 + MAT:0000189 + MESH:D002356 + MIAA:0000189 + NCIT:C12373 + NCIT:C32268 + SCTID:309312004 + TAO:0001501 + UMLS:C0007301 + VHOG:0001207 + VSAO:0000040 + Wikipedia:Cartilage + XAO:0000170 + ZFA:0005622 + galen:Cartilage + cartilage tissue + cartilaginous tissue + chondrogenic tissue + uberon + cartilage + cartilages + portion of cartilage tissue + UBERON:0002418 + + + + + Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] + cartilage tissue + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/117 + + + + + Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000040 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/37 + https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/vertebrate-skeletal-anatomy-vsao-term-requests/5 + + + + + A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000060 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001501 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000040 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000060 + AAO + + + + + Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001207 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00520.x Hall BK, Parallelism, deep homology, and evo-devo. Evolution and Development (2012) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0007301 + ncithesaurus:Cartilage + + + + + cartilage tissue + FMA:37377 + + + + + chondrogenic tissue + VSAO:0000040 + + + + + cartilages + VHOG:0001207 + + + + + portion of cartilage tissue + FMA:37377 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. + check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there + EMAPA:35774 + FMA:71878 + MA:0000146 + SCTID:110485007 + glandulae cutis + uberon + set of skin glands + skin glands + skin glands set + UBERON:0002419 + + skin gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + glandulae cutis + FMA:71878 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of skin glands + FMA:71878 + + + + + skin glands + + + + + + skin glands set + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. + System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. + The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008] + AAO:0011056 + CALOHA:TS-1308 + EFO:0000800 + EHDAA2:0000998 + EHDAA:2189 + EMAPA:16840 + EV:0100088 + MA:0000324 + MAT:0000024 + MIAA:0000024 + NCIT:C43612 + TAO:0000036 + UMLS:C1711359 + VHOG:0000294 + Wikipedia:Hepatobiliary_system + XAO:0000132 + ZFA:0000036 + hepaticobiliary system + liver and biliary system + uberon + liver/biliary system + UBERON:0002423 + + + + + hepatobiliary system + + + + + The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C1711359 + ncithesaurus:Hepatobiliary_System + + + + + hepaticobiliary system + GO:0061008 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. + consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar) + The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. + the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme + AAO:0010357 + BTO:0001775 + CALOHA:TS-0715 + EHDAA2:0001325 + EHDAA:2187 + EMAPA:16839 + EMAPA:26942 + FMA:265152 + MA:0000344 + NCIT:C49595 + TAO:0000816 + UMLS:C1709332 + VHOG:0000187 + XAO:0003201 + ZFA:0000816 + epithelium of mucosa of mouth + epithelium of oral mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0002424 + + oral epithelium + + + + + + + + + + AAO-modified + + + + + An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. + ZFA:0000816 + + + + + the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme + PMID:16488870 + + + + + UMLS:C1709332 + ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium + + + + + epithelium of mucosa of mouth + FMA:265152 + + + + + epithelium of oral mucosa + FMA:265152 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. + EMAPA:16589 + EMAPA:19032 + FMA:84882 + MA:0000484 + SCTID:243955001 + VHOG:0000538 + Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium + lamina visceralis pericardii serosi + serous visceral pericardium + visceral lamina of serous pericardium + visceral layer of serous pericardium + visceral pericardium + uberon + epicardium + pericardium visceral mesothelium + UBERON:0002425 + + + visceral serous pericardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. + Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium + + + + + lamina visceralis pericardii serosi + Wikipedia:Epicardium + + + + + + visceral pericardium + VHOG:0000538 + + + + + epicardium + MA:0000484 + + + + + pericardium visceral mesothelium + EMAPA:16589 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17828 + FMA:76550 + MA:0001237 + blood vessel of choroid + blood vessel of choroid coat + blood vessel of choroidea + blood vessel of posterior uvea + choroid blood vessel + choroid blood vessels + choroid blood vessels set + choroid coat blood vessel + choroidea blood vessel + posterior uvea blood vessel + vasa sanguinea choroideae + uberon + set of choroid blood vessels + UBERON:0002443 + + cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class + choroidal blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of choroid + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of choroid coat + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of choroidea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of posterior uvea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + choroid blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + choroid coat blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + choroidea blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + posterior uvea blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vasa sanguinea choroideae + FMA:76550 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of choroid blood vessels + FMA:76550 + + + + + + + + + + The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. + Arteries that connect the dorsal aorta and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these vessels don't have venous or arteriproperty_value external_definitionmarkers. They form from the primary sprouts from the dorsal aorta[ZFA:0001061]. + Few changes of evolutionary significance occur in the branching pattern of the dorsal aorta. All vertebrates have (...) paired intersegmental arteries to the trunk, tail, and paired appendages.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0006001 + EHDAA2:0000882 + EHDAA:4340 + EMAPA:17616 + MA:0001985 + SCTID:360401001 + TAO:0001061 + VHOG:0000225 + XAO:0004165 + ZFA:0001061 + intersegmental artery + uberon + intersegmental arteries + UBERON:0002457 + + + intersomitic artery + + + + + The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. + MP:0010662 + + + + + Arteries that connect the dorsal aorta and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these vessels don't have venous or arteriproperty_value external_definitionmarkers. They form from the primary sprouts from the dorsal aorta[ZFA:0001061]. + ZFA:0001061 + + + + + Few changes of evolutionary significance occur in the branching pattern of the dorsal aorta. All vertebrates have (...) paired intersegmental arteries to the trunk, tail, and paired appendages.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000225 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.612 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + intersegmental artery + ZFA:0001061 + + + + + intersegmental arteries + ZFA:0001061 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Arteries that supply the spinal cord. + EHDAA2:0001890 + EHDAA:4355 + EMAPA:18241 + MA:0002043 + NCIT:C33587 + SCTID:244228006 + TAO:0000682 + UMLS:C0447043 + Wikipedia:Spinal_artery + ZFA:0000682 + spinal arteries + uberon + UBERON:0002458 + + + spinal artery + + + + + Arteries that supply the spinal cord. + Wikipedia:Spinal_artery + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0447043 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery + + + + + spinal arteries + ZFA:0000682 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. + BTO:0000644 + FMA:62974 + GAID:1162 + MA:0002515 + MESH:D007419 + NCIT:C32875 + UMLS:C0021849 + Wikipedia:Succus_entericus + intestinal secretion + succus entericus + uberon + intestinal juice + UBERON:0002466 + + + intestine secretion + + + + + Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. + Wikipedia:Succus_entericus + + + + + UMLS:C0021849 + ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Secretion + + + + + intestinal secretion + FMA:62974 + + + + + succus entericus + Wikipedia:Succus_entericus + + + + + intestinal juice + BTO:0000644 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + UBERON:0003345 + BTO:0002859 + EMAPA:26981 + FMA:62996 + MA:0002680 + MESH:D000071041 + NCIT:C32538 + SCTID:362127004 + UMLS:C0227176 + esophageal mucosa + esophageal mucous membrane + esophagus mucosa + esophagus mucous membrane + lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae + mucosa of esophagus + mucosa of oesophagus + mucous membrane of esophagus + mucous membrane of oesophagus + oesophageal mucosa + oesophagus mucosa + oesophagus mucous membrane + tunica mucosa esophagi + tunica mucosa oesophageae + tunica mucosa oesophagi + uberon + muscularis mucosae of oesophagus + tunica mucosa oesophagi + UBERON:0002469 + esophagus mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MESH:D000071041 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0227176 + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Mucosa + + + + + esophagus mucosa + FMA:62996 + + + + + esophagus mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae + FMA:62996 + FMA:TA + + + + + + mucosa of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of oesophagus + FMA:62996 + + + + + oesophageal mucosa + FMA:62996 + + + + + oesophagus mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa oesophageae + FMA:62996 + FMA:TA + + + + + + muscularis mucosae of oesophagus + FMA:62996 + + + + + + tunica mucosa oesophagi + BTO:0002859 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. + see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 + Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] + CALOHA:TS-2011 + EMAPA:35179 + FMA:224804 + MA:0002780 + MESH:D001842 + NCIT:C13076 + UMLS:C0391978 + VSAO:0000047 + Wikipedia:Bone_tissue + XAO:0004040 + ZFA:0005621 + galen:BoneTissue + calcium tissue + osseous tissue + osteogenic tissue + mineralized bone tissue + uberon + bone + portion of bone tissue + UBERON:0002481 + + + bone tissue + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000047 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000047 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + UMLS:C0391978 + ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue + + + + + osteogenic tissue + VSAO:curator + + + + + mineralized bone tissue + XAO:0004040 + + + + + bone + MESH:A02.835.232 + + + + + portion of bone tissue + FMA:224804 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:35447 + FMA:58517 + MA:0002826 + epithelial tissue of iris + epithelium of iris + epithelium pigmentosum (iris) + epithelium pigmentosum iridis + iris epithelial tissue + iris epithelium + pigmented epithelium of iris + uberon + iris pigmented epithelium + UBERON:0002506 + + + iris epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MP + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium pigmentosum (iris) + FMA:58517 + + + + + epithelium pigmentosum iridis + FMA:58517 + FMA:TA + + + + + + iris epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iris epithelium + FMA:58517 + + + + + pigmented epithelium of iris + FMA:58517 + + + + + iris pigmented epithelium + MA:0002826 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the ventricles of the heart. + The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented + Note that WP states they are ventricular, but MP has classes for atrial ventricular carnea. + EMAPA:18626 + FMA:7269 + MA:0002831 + SCTID:118755002 + Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae + ventricle trabecula carnea + uberon + cardiac trabecula + columnae carneae + heart trabecula + trabecula of heart + trabeculae carneae + trabeculae carneae cordis + ventricular trabecula + UBERON:0002511 + + trabecula carnea + + + + + + + + + + WP + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the ventricles of the heart. + MGI:monikat + MP:0004067 + + + + + The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented + WP + + + + + Note that WP states they are ventricular, but MP has classes for atrial ventricular carnea. + MP + + + + + ventricle trabecula carnea + MA:0002831 + + + + + cardiac trabecula + GO:0060347 + + + + + columnae carneae + Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae + + + + + + heart trabecula + GO:0060347 + + + + + trabeculae carneae + + + + + + trabeculae carneae cordis + Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae + + + + + + ventricular trabecula + MA:0002831 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. + placement in this class to be inferred + Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] + some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral + + + + AAO:0010776 + AEO:0000083 + BTO:0002157 + EHDAA2:0003083 + FMA:24321 + TAO:0001591 + VSAO:0000145 + XAO:0004018 + ZFA:0001591 + ossified chondrogenic bone + uberon + cartilaginous bone + endochondral bones + UBERON:0002513 + + + endochondral bone + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. + GO:0001958 + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000145 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/54 + + + + + Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000145 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral + ZFA + + + + + ossified chondrogenic bone + VSAO:0000145 + + + + + cartilaginous bone + BTO:0002157 + + + + + endochondral bones + ZFA:0001591 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. + Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] + [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] + EMAPA:36615 + TAO:0001644 + Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification + ZFA:0001635 + uberon + intramembranous bones + membrane bone + UBERON:0002514 + intramembranous bone + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. + GO:0001957 + Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 + + + + + Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001644 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] + 2012-09-06 + TAO:0001644 + TAO + Curator + + + + + intramembranous bones + ZFA:0001635 + + + + + + membrane bone + AEO:0000085 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. + basicranial + FMA:52801 + MA:0002840 + MESH:D019291 + MFMO:0000044 + NCIT:C12493 + SCTID:181890004 + UMLS:C0149543 + Wikipedia:Base_of_skull + base of cranium + base of skull + basis cranii + cranial base + uberon + UBERON:0002517 + + + The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816] + basicranium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png + + + + + The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. + Wikipedia:Base_of_skull + + + + + UMLS:C0149543 + ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Skull + + + + + base of skull + FMA:52801 + + + + + basis cranii + FMA:52801 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Base_of_skull + + + + + + cranial base + FMA:52801 + MA:0002840 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. + FMA:20113 + GAID:926 + MA:0002853 + MESH:D004547 + NCIT:C32495 + SCTID:27197004 + Wikipedia:Elastic_fiber + elastic connective tissue + textus connectivus elasticus + elastic fiber + uberon + UBERON:0002521 + + elastic tissue + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gray377.png + + + + + Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0002011 + EMAPA:36298 + FMA:55590 + GAID:170 + MA:0002855 + MESH:D017540 + NCIT:C33821 + SCTID:61695000 + UMLS:C0162867 + Wikipedia:Tunica_media + uberon + tunica media vasorum + UBERON:0002522 + + May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue + tunica media + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Tunica_media + + + + + UMLS:C0162867 + ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media + + + + + tunica media vasorum + BTO:0002011 + Wikipedia:Tunica_media + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. + the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure + the FMA class represents a structure which may have both epithelium and fibroelastic connective tissue as parts + The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] + BTO:0002012 + EMAPA:36297 + FMA:55589 + GAID:523 + MA:0002861 + MESH:D017539 + NCIT:C33820 + SCTID:8361002 + SCTID:87483006 + UMLS:C0162864 + Wikipedia:Tunica_intima + uberon + Bichat's tunic + intima + tunica intima vasorum + UBERON:0002523 + + tunica intima + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + check for exceptions, e.g. capillaries + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + NCIT:C33820 + Wikipedia:Tunica_intima + + + + + The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Tunica_intima + + + + + UMLS:C0162864 + ncithesaurus:Tunica_Intima + + + + + Bichat's tunic + BTO:0002012 + + + + + intima + BTO:0002012 + + + + + tunica intima vasorum + BTO:0002012 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. + + glandular + AAO:0000212 + AEO:0000096 + BTO:0000522 + EFO:0000797 + EHDAA2:0003096 + EHDAA:2161 + EHDAA:4475 + EHDAA:6522 + EMAPA:18425 + FBbt:00100317 + FMA:7146 + FMA:86294 + HAO:0000375 + MA:0003038 + MAT:0000021 + MIAA:0000021 + NCIT:C13319 + SCTID:134358001 + UMLS:C1285092 + Wikipedia:Gland + WikipediaCategory:Glands + galen:Gland + glandular organ + uberon + Druese + glandula + UBERON:0002530 + + + + gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray1026.png + + + + + An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. + MGI:csmith + MP:0002163 + + + + + FBbt:00100317 + + + + + + UMLS:C1285092 + ncithesaurus:Gland + + + + + glandular organ + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Druese + BTO:0000522 + + + + + glandula + BTO:0000522 + Wikipedia:Gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. + MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class + In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] + BTO:0004593 + FMA:296704 + MAT:0000067 + MIAA:0000067 + VHOG:0000243 + Wikipedia:Epiblast + epiblast + uberon + blastocyst + ectoblast + epiblastus + primitive ectoderm + UBERON:0002532 + + + + + epiblast (generic) + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png + + + + + In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. + Wikipedia:Epiblast + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000243 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113344 Zorn AM, Wells JM, Vertebrate endoderm development and organ formation. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + epiblast + VHOG:0000243 + + + + + ectoblast + MP:0003886 + + + + + epiblastus + Wikipedia:Epiblast + + + + + + primitive ectoderm + VHOG:0000243 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. + See notes from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.[AAO] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (5) a larva or embryo with a postanal tail.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011104 + BTO:0001445 + EFO:0002748 + EHDAA2:0001976 + EHDAA:1595 + EMAPA:16580 + MAT:0000070 + MIAA:0000070 + TAO:0000077 + VHOG:0000201 + XAO:0000107 + ZFA:0000077 + tail bud + tailbud + uberon + end bud + tail bud mesenchyme + UBERON:0002533 + + + + + post-anal tail bud + + + + + The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. + BTO:0001445 + + + + + Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011104 + AAO + ISBN:0815318960 + OMD:tail+bud + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (5) a larva or embryo with a postanal tail.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000201 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + tail bud + ZFA:0000077 + + + + + end bud + BTO:0001445 + + + + + tail bud mesenchyme + ZFA:0000077 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]. + this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology + BTO:0001237 + EFO:0000939 + FBbt:00007152 + HAO:0000933 + MAT:0000163 + MIAA:0000163 + TGMA:0000540 + Wikipedia:Sensillum + sensillum + uberon + UBERON:0002536 + + + arthropod sensillum + + + + + Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]. + FBbt:00007152 + Wikipedia:Sensillum + + + + + FBbt:00007152 + + + + + + sensillum + FBbt:00007152 + HAO:0000933 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. + One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] + Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering + AAO:0010359 + BTO:0001785 + EFO:0000959 + EHDAA:571 + EMAPA:16117 + FMA:293015 + GAID:1292 + MAT:0000242 + MESH:D001934 + MIAA:0000242 + NCIT:C34249 + SCTID:308766004 + TAO:0001306 + UMLS:C0080322 + VHOG:0000155 + Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch + XAO:0000096 + ZFA:0001306 + pharyngeal arches + branchial arch + uberon + arcus pharyngei + visceral arch + UBERON:0002539 + + + + + pharyngeal arch + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray41.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + PMID:16313389 + + + + + + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + + PMID:16313389 + + + + + One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. + PMID:16313389 + ZFA:yb + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010359 + AAO + NLM:branchial+arch + + + + + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000155 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0080322 + ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Arch + + + + + pharyngeal arches + + + + + + branchial arch + BTO:0001785 + MP:0002884 + + + + + arcus pharyngei + Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. + Do not merge with neurogenic placode + Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons + The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass + ectodermal placode + placode + AAO:0010466 + EFO:0001650 + FMA:293966 + MAT:0000369 + MIAA:0000369 + XAO:0000305 + ectodermal cranial placode + uberon + cranial placodes + UBERON:0002546 + + cranial placode + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + PMID:11523831 + PMID:22512454 + + + + + Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/ + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/135 + https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/4 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/xenopus-anatomy-xao-term-requests/11/ + + + + + Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons + PMID:11523831 + + + + + ectodermal placode + FMA:293966 + PMID:22512454 + + + + + + placode + Wikipedia:Placode + + + + + ectodermal cranial placode + UBERON:cjm + + + + + cranial placodes + XAO:0000305 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. + TODO discriminate between stages and organisms + Whole organism that is premetamorphic or a very immature individual.[TAO] + larval + AEO:0000126 + BTO:0000707 + FBbt:00001727 + HAO:0000459 + MESH:D007814 + TAO:0002048 + Wikipedia:Larva + larval organism + ammocoete + bipinnaria + caterpillar + glochidium + grub + leptocephalus + maggot + naiad + nymph + planula + tadpole + trochophore + veliger + wriggler + zoea + uberon + UBERON:0002548 + + larva + + + + + A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + Whole organism that is premetamorphic or a very immature individual.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002048 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + FBbt:00001727 + + + + + + MESH:D007814 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + larval organism + TAO:0002048 + + + + + ammocoete + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + bipinnaria + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + caterpillar + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + glochidium + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + grub + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + leptocephalus + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + maggot + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + naiad + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + nymph + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + planula + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + tadpole + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + trochophore + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + veliger + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + wriggler + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + zoea + Wikipedia:Larva + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. + cavity + BIRNLEX:1011 + EMAPA:37442 + FMA:67552 + MA:0002447 + NCIT:C34007 + galen:Cavity + uberon + UBERON:0002553 + + anatomical cavity + + + + + Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. + FMA:67552 + + + + + EMAPA:37442 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + BIRNLEX:1019 + FMA:12237 + SCTID:362606005 + cavity of organ + uberon + UBERON:0002558 + + organ cavity + + + + + cavity of organ + FMA:12237 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. + + BIRNLEX:1029 + FMA:75007 + cavity of neuraxis + cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis + neuraxis cavity + neuraxis lumen + uberon + UBERON:0002561 + lumen of central nervous system + + + + + The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + DOI:10.1186/s12983-014-0089-2 + + + + + cavity of neuraxis + FMA:75007 + + + + + cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis + FMA:75007 + + + + + neuraxis cavity + FMA:75007 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. + BIRNLEX:1167 + FMA:55676 + NCIT:C13031 + SCTID:384763002 + UMLS:C0445620 + anatomical structure of brain + biological structure of brain + brain anatomical structure + brain biological structure + brain part + neuraxis segment + neuroanatomical region + segment of brain + uberon + UBERON:0002616 + + regional part of brain + + + + + Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. + BIRNLEX:1167 + + + + + UMLS:C0445620 + ncithesaurus:Brain_Part + + + + + anatomical structure of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biological structure of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + brain anatomical structure + OBOL:automatic + + + + + brain biological structure + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neuraxis segment + FMA:55676 + + + + + segment of brain + BIRNLEX:1167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. + + BIRNLEX:1499 + FMA:71166 + MA:0003081 + MESH:D066193 + NCIT:C12892 + SCTID:180960003 + UMLS:C0581619 + UMLS:C1278837 + neuronames:1654 + cervical segment of spinal cord + cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] + cervical spinal cord + pars cervicalis medullae spinalis + segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 + uberon + UBERON:0002726 + + cervical spinal cord + + + + + A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MESH:D066193 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0581619 + BIRNLEX:1499 + ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Cord + + + + + UMLS:C1278837 + BIRNLEX:1499 + + + + + cervical segment of spinal cord + FMA:71166 + + + + + cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] + FMA:71166 + + + + + cervical spinal cord + FMA:71166 + + + + + pars cervicalis medullae spinalis + FMA:71166 + FMA:TA + + + + + + segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 + FMA:71166 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. + massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. + BM:V + BTO:0001074 + CALOHA:TS-2077 + EMAPA:35883 + EV:0100271 + FMA:71247 + GAID:604 + MA:0001028 + MESH:D014278 + NCIT:C12807 + SCTID:280164007 + UMLS:C0040999 + VHOG:0001353 + http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nifext_11 + nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex + trigeminal V nucleus + trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus + trigeminal nucleus + uberon + nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini + nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis + nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis + UBERON:0002925 + + trigeminal nucleus + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. + GO + https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/58 + + + + + UMLS:C0040999 + ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nucleus + + + + + nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex + FMA:71247 + + + + + trigeminal V nucleus + MA:0001028 + + + + + trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus + FMA:71247 + + + + + trigeminal nucleus + FMA:71248 + + + + + nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini + BTO:0001074 + + + + + nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis + BTO:0001074 + + + + + nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis + BTO:0001074 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). + + involved in the initiation of REM sleep [Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum] + BAMS:PTg + BIRNLEX:923 + DHBA:12416 + FMA:71108 + HBA:9135 + MESH:D065821 + SCTID:362401009 + UMLS:C0228426 + Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum + neuronames:557 + dorsal pons + dorsal portion of pons + tegmental portion of pons + tegmentum of pons + tegmentum pontis + uberon + pars dorsalis pontis + pars posterior pontis + tegmentum pontis + UBERON:0003023 + + + pontine tegmentum + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/Allen_F_Brain.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/Allen_M_Brain.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Brainstem_Abducens.png + + + + + Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + MESH:D065821 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0228426 + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + neuronames:557 + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + dorsal portion of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmental portion of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmentum of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmentum pontis + FMA:71108 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars dorsalis pontis + NeuroNames:557 + + + + + + pars posterior pontis + NeuroNames:557 + + + + + + tegmentum pontis + Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. + septal + AAO:0011127 + FMA:86461 + Wikipedia:Septum + septa + uberon + UBERON:0003037 + + general anatomical term in FMA + septum + + + + + A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. + Wikipedia:Septum + + + + + septa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. + + BIRNLEX:966 + FMA:71167 + MA:0003082 + NCIT:C12894 + SCTID:278750009 + UMLS:C0581620 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord + neuronames:1718 + pars thoracica medullae spinalis + segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] + thoracic region of spinal cord + thoracic segment of spinal cord + thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] + thoracic spinal cord + uberon + UBERON:0003038 + + + thoracic spinal cord + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gray820.png + + + + + The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord + + + + + UMLS:C0581620 + BIRNLEX:966 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spinal_Cord + + + + + pars thoracica medullae spinalis + FMA:71167 + FMA:TA + + + + + + segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] + FMA:71167 + FMA:TA + + + + + + thoracic region of spinal cord + FMA:71167 + + + + + thoracic segment of spinal cord + FMA:71167 + + + + + thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] + FMA:71167 + + + + + thoracic spinal cord + FMA:71167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure + Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011064 + DMBA:16810 + EHDAA2:0004395 + EHDAA:5789 + EMAPA:32857 + NCIT:C93172 + TAO:0000042 + VHOG:0000649 + XAO:0000016 + ZFA:0000042 + neuronames:2076 + MHB + mid-hindbrain boundary + mid-hindbrain junction + midbrain hindbrain boundary + uberon + isthmic organizer territory + isthmo-cerebellar region + isthmus + isthmus/MHB + UBERON:0003052 + + + + midbrain-hindbrain boundary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/106/ + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. + GO:0021555 + + + + + Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000649 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y, Uchida K, Rijli FM and Kuratani S, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + isthmic organizer territory + XAO:0000016 + + + + + isthmo-cerebellar region + VHOG:0000649 + + + + + isthmus/MHB + Geisha:syn + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. + The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] + In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] + In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis + Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) + BTO:0003377 + EHDAA2:0001846 + EHDAA:6538 + FMA:295662 + NCIT:C34247 + TAO:0001185 + UMLS:C1518973 + VHOG:0001680 + XAO:0000029 + ZFA:0001185 + skin periderm + uberon + EVL + epidermis epithelial layer + epidermis outer layer + epitrichium + periderm + UBERON:0003055 + + + periderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001185 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001185 + TAO + + + + + BTO:0003377 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C1518973 + ncithesaurus:Periderm + + + + + skin periderm + EHDAA2:0001846 + + + + + EVL + ZFA:0001185 + + + + + epitrichium + MP:0013530 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011084 + TAO:0007016 + VHOG:0001200 + XAO:0000045 + ZFA:0007016 + uberon + anterior neural plate + UBERON:0003056 + pre-chordal neural plate + + + + + The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. + XB:curator + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001200 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + TAO:0007017 + VHOG:0001201 + XAO:0000046 + ZFA:0007017 + uberon + posterior neural plate + UBERON:0003057 + chordal neural plate + + + + + The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. + XB:curator + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001201 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. + Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011086 + EFO:0001982 + EMAPA:16189 + EMAPA:16752 + TAO:0000279 + VHOG:0000559 + XAO:0000057 + ZFA:0000279 + segmental plate + unsegmented paraxial mesoderm + uberon + PSM + presumptive somite mesoderm + somitogenic mesoderm + somitomeric mesoderm + unsegmented mesenchyme + UBERON:0003059 + + + presomitic mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000279 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000559 + VHOG + DOI:10.1006/dbio.2001.0460 Schubert M, Holland LZ, Dale Stokes M and Holland ND, Three Amphoxius Wnt Genes (AmphiWnt3, AmphiWnt5, and AmphiWnt6) Associated with the Tail Bud: the Evolution of Somitogenesis in Chordates. Developmental Biology (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + unsegmented paraxial mesoderm + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + somitomeric mesoderm + GO:0002075 + + + + + unsegmented mesenchyme + VHOG:0000559 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. + Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] + Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac + ventral lateral plate mesoderm + AAO:0011006 + EFO:0003489 + EHDAA:207 + NCIT:C34113 + TAO:0000094 + TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 + UMLS:C1511224 + VHOG:0000085 + Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle + XAO:0000067 + ZFA:0000094 + blood islands + uberon + VBI + caudal hematopoietic tissue + posterior ICM + posterior blood island + ventral blood island + UBERON:0003061 + + + + + blood island + + + + + Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle + + + + + Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000094 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011006 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000094 + TAO + + + + + Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000085 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.450, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C1511224 + ncithesaurus:Blood_Island + + + + + blood islands + + + + + + + + + + + + A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. + TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? + Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] + There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0004881 + head mesenchyme + head mesoderm + AAO:0011085 + EHDAA2:0001493 + EHDAA:181 + FMA:295532 + TAO:0000060 + VHOG:0000086 + Wikipedia:Prechordal_plate + XAO:0000079 + ZFA:0000060 + uberon + UBERON:0003063 + + + + prechordal plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + PMID:16313393 + + + + + A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. + ISBN:0838580343 + MP:0004387 + + + + + Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000060 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000086 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000086 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00073.x Neidert AH, Panopoulou G and Langeland JA, Amphioxus goosecoid and the evolution of the head organizer and prechordal plate. Evolution and Development (2008) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + head mesenchyme + XAO:0000079 + + + + + head mesoderm + XAO:0000079 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. + Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] + (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] + all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). + AAO:0010575 + EMAPA:16056 + EMAPA:16178 + FMA:293147 + NCIT:C34193 + SCTID:361476001 + TAO:0001206 + UMLS:C1284010 + VHOG:0000087 + Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm + XAO:0000085 + ZFA:0001206 + uberon + IM + intermediate mesenchyme + intermediate plate + intermediate plate mesoderm + mesenchyma intermedium + UBERON:0003064 + + + + intermediate mesoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AAO + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + + XAO + + + + + The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. + GOC:curators + Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm + + + + + Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010575 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000087 + VHOG + Wikipedia:Mesoderm, ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C1284010 + ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Mesoderm + + + + + intermediate mesenchyme + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + intermediate plate + EMAPA:16178 + + + + + intermediate plate mesoderm + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mesenchyma intermedium + Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. + In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] + TAO:0001310 + VHOG:0000103 + XAO:0000187 + ZFA:0001310 + dorsolateral placodes + uberon + UBERON:0003067 + The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode + dorsolateral placode + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + + + Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000103 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + dorsolateral placodes + ZFA:0001310 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. + The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] + AAO:0011017 + EFO:0003647 + TAO:0001204 + VHOG:0000107 + Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm + XAO:0000205 + ZFA:0001204 + uberon + chordamesoderm + UBERON:0003068 + + + axial mesoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. + GO:0048318 + Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm + + + + + The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000107 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + chordamesoderm + Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. + The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.[XAO] + The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion, distinguishable during much of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The dorsolateral placodes (trigeminal and vestibular) develop from ectoderm lateral to the brain (...). In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] + Consider naming this 'trigeminal placode complex'. Also, Fig9-5 of ISBN:0471888893 calls this the profundus placode; XAO says 'profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end...' + + + + EFO:0003433 + EHDAA2:0004209 + TAO:0000162 + VHOG:0000109 + XAO:0000225 + ZFA:0000162 + trigeminal V placode + trigeminal placode + uberon + profundus V placode + profundus placode + trigeminal placodes + UBERON:0003070 + + trigeminal placode complex + + + + + + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. + PMID:22512454 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 + + + + + The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.[XAO] + XAO + + + + + The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion, distinguishable during much of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000162 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The dorsolateral placodes (trigeminal and vestibular) develop from ectoderm lateral to the brain (...). In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000109 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + trigeminal placode + EHDAA2:0004209 + VHOG:0000109 + XAO:0000225 + ZFA:0000162 + + + + + profundus V placode + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + + profundus placode + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + + trigeminal placodes + ZFA:0000162 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. + TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. + UBERON:0005060 + AAO:0011038 + EFO:0003541 + EHDAA2:0004431 + TAO:0000570 + XAO:0000227 + XAO:0004090 + ZFA:0000570 + eye placode + occular primordium + ocular primordium + optic placode + optic placode of camera-type eye + optic primordium + uberon + eye anlage + eye field + optic field + optic placodes + UBERON:0003071 + + eye primordium + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + PMID:16496288 + XAO + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. + GO:0046619 + ZFA:0000570 + + + + + TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. + GO + + + + + eye placode + OBOL:automatic + + + + + optic placode + GO:0046619 + + + + + optic placode of camera-type eye + GO:0046619 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + eye anlage + XAO:0000227 + + + + + optic placodes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0005351 + EHDAA2:0001303 + EHDAA:2912 + EMAPA:16674 + NCIT:C34233 + SCTID:308789007 + TAO:0001202 + UMLS:C0231109 + VHOG:0000167 + ZFA:0001202 + uberon + eye cup + eyecup + ocular cup + ophtalmic cup + UBERON:0003072 + + + optic cup + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. + MP:0004269 + Wikipedia:Optic_cup_(embryology) + ZFA:0001202 + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000167 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0231109 + ncithesaurus:Optic_Cup + + + + + eyecup + BTO:0005351 + + + + + ocular cup + VHOG:0000167 + + + + + ophtalmic cup + BTO:0005351 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. + Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) + AAO:0011055 + EFO:0003494 + EHDAA2:0000982 + EHDAA:2908 + EMAPA:16672 + FMA:296767 + NCIT:C34202 + TAO:0000122 + UMLS:C1517770 + VHOG:0000166 + Wikipedia:Lens_placode + XAO:0000240 + ZFA:0000122 + uberon + lens placodes + placoda lentis + UBERON:0003073 + + + + + lens placode + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray864.png + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. + Wikipedia:Lens_placode + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000122 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000166 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + + + UMLS:C1517770 + ncithesaurus:Lens_Placodes + + + + + lens placodes + ZFA:0000122 + + + + + + placoda lentis + Wikipedia:Lens_placode + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. + The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011072 + BTO:0001765 + DHBA:10153 + DMBA:15565 + EHDAA:346 + EHDAA:902 + EMAPA:35593 + FMA:293879 + MESH:D054258 + NCIT:C34225 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 + TAO:0000132 + UMLS:C0920623 + VHOG:0000068 + Wikipedia:Neural_plate + XAO:0000249 + ZFA:0000132 + neuronames:1362 + uberon + lamina neuralis + presumptive central nervous system + UBERON:0003075 + + + + neural plate + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + + GOTAX:0000352 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. + ISBN:0815318960 + OMD:neural+plate + Wikipedia:Neural_plate + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000132 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000068 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D054258 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0920623 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Plate + + + + + lamina neuralis + Wikipedia:Neural_plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011082 + TAO:0007037 + VHOG:0001383 + XAO:0000250 + ZFA:0007037 + uberon + UBERON:0003076 + posterior neural tube + + + + + + lexical + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001383 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. + Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] + Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] + note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) + AAO:0010568 + EFO:0003515 + EMAPA:16183 + EMAPA:16751 + FMA:293145 + NCIT:C34244 + SCTID:361475002 + TAO:0000255 + UMLS:C1284009 + VHOG:0000114 + Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm + XAO:0000259 + ZFA:0000255 + paraxial mesenchyme + somitic mesoderm + uberon + mesoderma paraxiale + UBERON:0003077 + + + + paraxial mesoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. + GO:0048339 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 + + + + + Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010568 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000114 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/dvdy.21177 Kusakabe R and Kuratani S. Evolutionary perspectives from development of mesodermal components in the lamprey. Developmental dynamics (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C1284009 + ncithesaurus:Paraxial_Mesoderm + + + + + paraxial mesenchyme + ZFA:0000255 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + somitic mesoderm + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + mesoderma paraxiale + Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. + Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG] + These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] + Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively + in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group + AAO:0011036 + EFO:0003455 + FMA:293968 + TAO:0001294 + VHOG:0000117 + XAO:0000284 + ZFA:0001294 + epibranchial placodes + uberon + ventrolateral placode + UBERON:0003078 + + epibranchial placode + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. + VHOG:0000117 + + + + + Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000117 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000117 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A, The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + + + in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group + XAO + + + + + epibranchial placodes + ZFA:0001294 + + + + + + ventrolateral placode + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011012 + TAO:0007038 + VHOG:0001384 + XAO:0000307 + ZFA:0007038 + uberon + UBERON:0003080 + anterior neural tube + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001384 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. + Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] + The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] + A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] + subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. + UBERON:0006258 + AAO:0010574 + EHDAA2:0000919 + EHDAA:379 + EMAPA:16179 + FMA:293149 + NCIT:C34199 + SCTID:361477005 + TAO:0000121 + UMLS:C1517749 + VHOG:0000118 + Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm + XAO:0000311 + ZFA:0000121 + LPM + lateral mesoderm + uberon + lateral plate + lateral plate mesenchyme + mesoderma laminae lateralis + UBERON:0003081 + + + lateral plate mesoderm + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + VHOG + + + + + + EHDAA2 + XAO + + + + + Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. + MP:0010117 + Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm + + + + + Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010574 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000118 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000118 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C1517749 + ncithesaurus:Lateral_Mesoderm + + + + + LPM + ZFA:0000121 + + + + + + lateral mesoderm + GO:0048368 + + + + + lateral plate mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0000919 + + + + + mesoderma laminae lateralis + Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. + The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere. + Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011067 + AEO:0001018 + BTO:0000742 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 + EHDAA:1721 + EHDAA:1727 + EHDAA:1733 + EHDAA:1739 + EMAPA:32841 + FMA:295658 + NCIT:C34214 + SCTID:344535001 + TAO:0001056 + UMLS:C1513802 + VHOG:0001244 + Wikipedia:Myotome + XAO:0000315 + ZFA:0001056 + myomeres + uberon + muscle plate + myomere + myotome region + myotomes + myotomus + UBERON:0003082 + + + + myotome + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + WP + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. + AEO:0001018 + + + + + Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001056 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001244 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.embor920 Hollway GE, Currie PD, Myotome meanderings. Cellular morphogenesis and the making of muscle. EMBO Rep.(2003) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1513802 + ncithesaurus:Myotome_Region + + + + + myomeres + TAO:0001056 + + + + + + myotomus + Wikipedia:Myotome + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. + Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010582 + EFO:0003605 + EHDAA2:0001901 + TAO:0001024 + VHOG:0000062 + Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest + XAO:0000319 + ZFA:0001024 + TNC + uberon + trunk crest + UBERON:0003083 + + + trunk neural crest + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. + ISBN:0815318960 + Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest + + + + + Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010582 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000062 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + TNC + XAO:0000319 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. + should probably be merged with heart rudiment. + Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] + The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] + relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] + AAO:0011044 + BTO:0001887 + NCIT:C34276 + TAO:0000028 + UMLS:C1514450 + XAO:0000336 + ZFA:0000028 + uberon + cardiac field + fused heart primordium + UBERON:0003084 + + heart primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Obol + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + XAO + + + + + Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000028 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011044 + AAO + XAO:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000028 + TAO + + + + + UMLS:C1514450 + ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Heart + + + + + cardiac field + ZFA:0000028 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. + Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.[AAO] + AAO:0011023 + EFO:0003472 + TAO:0000011 + VHOG:0000123 + Wikipedia:Caudal_artery + XAO:0000364 + ZFA:0000011 + uberon + CA + UBERON:0003086 + + + caudal artery + + + + + Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. + Wikipedia:Caudal_artery + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000011 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011023 + AAO + ISBN:0-226-55763-4 + + + + + + + + + + + + Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. + Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] + The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] + part_of somite in XAO + AAO:0010571 + AEO:0000212 + BTO:0006255 + EHDAA2:0003439 + EMAPA:31159 + FMA:295652 + NCIT:C34287 + TAO:0001080 + UMLS:C0183176 + VHOG:0000680 + Wikipedia:Sclerotome + XAO:0000397 + ZFA:0001080 + sclerotomes + uberon + sclerotomus + UBERON:0003089 + + + + sclerotome + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + VHOG:0000680 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. + Wikipedia:Sclerotome + XB:curator + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/316 + + + + + Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010571 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000680 + VHOG + DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + part_of somite in XAO + XAO + + + + + BTO:0006255 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0183176 + ncithesaurus:Sclerotome + + + + + sclerotomes + TAO:0001080 + + + + + + sclerotomus + Wikipedia:Sclerotome + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. + Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] + Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010580 + EFO:0003645 + EHDAA2:0004420 + EMAPA:16091 + TAO:0001194 + VHOG:0000063 + Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest + XAO:0001001 + ZFA:0001194 + CNC + cephalic neural crest + cranial NCC population + head NCC population + uberon + crista neuralis cranialis + head crest + head neural crest + UBERON:0003099 + + + + cranial neural crest + + + + + Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. + MGI:anna + + + + + Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010580 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001194 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000063 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + CNC + XAO:0001001 + + + + + + cephalic neural crest + EMAPA:16091 + + + + + crista neuralis cranialis + Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest + + + + + + + + + + Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. + + AAO:0010030 + BILA:0000028 + CARO:0000028 + FBbt:00007011 + FMA:67812 + HAO:0000028 + SCTID:362608006 + TAO:0000303 + TGMA:0001839 + XAO:0003005 + ZFA:0000303 + female human body + uberon + female + UBERON:0003100 + + + female organism + + + + + Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. + CARO:0000028 + + + + + FBbt:00007011 + + + + + + female human body + FMA:67812 + + + + + + female + TAO:0000303 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. + consider obsoleting. See issue/1305 + Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] + + + AAO:0010337 + AEO_RETIRED:0000010 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 + TAO:0000292 + VSAO:0000001 + Wikipedia:Surface_structure + XAO:0003028 + ZFA:0000292 + galen:SurfaceRegion + anatomical surface feature + uberon + surface feature + surface region + surface structures + UBERON:0003102 + + surface structure + + + + + Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/24 + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000292 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + anatomical surface feature + EHDAA2:0003010 + + + + + surface structures + ZFA:0000292 + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. + this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs + AAO:0010015 + AEO:0000024 + BILA:0000024 + CARO:0000024 + EHDAA2:0003024 + HAO:0000024 + TADS:0000598 + TAO:0000496 + TGMA:0001837 + VHOG:0001723 + XAO:0003041 + ZFA:0000496 + uberon + organ + UBERON:0003103 + + + compound organ + + + + + Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. + CARO:0000024 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. + the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense + A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] + mesenchymal + AAO:0010427 + AEO:0000145 + BTO:0001393 + CALOHA:TS-0620 + EHDAA2:0003145 + EV:0100007 + NCIT:C13301 + TAO:0000393 + UMLS:C0162415 + VHOG:0000170 + Wikipedia:Mesenchyme + XAO:0003046 + ZFA:0000393 + mesenchymal tissue + mesenchyme tissue + portion of mesenchymal tissue + portion of mesenchyme tissue + uberon + mesenchyma + UBERON:0003104 + + + + mesenchyme + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg + + + + + Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. + https://archive.org/details/invertebratesnde00brus/page/n240/mode/2up + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchyme + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1641 + + + + + A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000393 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010427 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + UMLS:C0162415 + ncithesaurus:Mesenchyme + + + + + mesenchyma + Wikipedia:Mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.[TAO] + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.[AAO] + AAO:0010206 + EFO:0003525 + NCIT:C98765 + TAO:0000351 + XAO:0003172 + ZFA:0000351 + uberon + ethmoid region + UBERON:0003112 + + olfactory region + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. + TAO:0000351 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000351 + TAO + TAO:MAH + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010206 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + ethmoid region + ZFA:0000351 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. + wikipedia treats skull roof and dermatocranium as synonymous, but some sources treat the roof as being part of the dermatocranium - see UBERONREF:0000007 + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of dermally derived bones.[TAO] + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.[AAO] + AAO:0010154 + TAO:0000863 + VHOG:0001665 + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + XAO:0003169 + ZFA:0000863 + dendrocranium + exocranium + dermal skull roof + dermatocranial cover + roof of skull + skull roof + uberon + dermal bone cranium + dermal part of skull + dermal skull bones + roofing bones of the skull + skull exoskeleton + UBERON:0003113 + dermatocranium + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + ZFA:0000863 + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of dermally derived bones.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000863 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010154 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + dendrocranium + TAO:0000863 + + + + + exocranium + UBERONREF:0000007 + + + + + dermal skull roof + PMID:11523816 + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + + + + + roof of skull + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + + + + + skull roof + PMID:11523816 + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + + + + + dermal bone cranium + ZFA:0000863 + + + + + roofing bones of the skull + Wikipedia:Skull_roof + + + + + + + + + Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. + The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.[AAO] + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 + 4 + AAO:0010366 + EHDAA2:0000086 + EHDAA:1663 + EMAPA:16760 + FMA:293035 + SCTID:308770007 + TAO:0001599 + VHOG:0000299 + XAO:0000449 + ZFA:0001607 + 4th branchial arch + 4th pharyngeal arch + 4th visceral arch + fourth pharyngeal arch + gill arch 2 + second gill arch + visceral arch 4 + uberon + 4th arch + branchial arch 2 + fourth visceral arch + second branchial arch + UBERON:0003115 + + + + pharyngeal arch 4 + + + + + Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. + MP:0006340 + + + + + The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010366 + AAO + ISBN:0-02-377110-0 + + + + + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000299 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 + XAO + + + + + 4th branchial arch + + + + + + gill arch 2 + ZFA:0001607 + + + + + + second gill arch + ZFA:0001607 + + + + + + 4th arch + EHDAA2:0000086 + + + + + branchial arch 2 + AAO:0010366 + ZFA:0001607 + + + + + + fourth visceral arch + VHOG:0000299 + + + + + second branchial arch + ZFA:0001607 + + + + + + + + + + The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. + The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + 6 + UBERON:0004349 + AAO:0010368 + EHDAA2:0004075 + EMAPA:32766 + FMA:293047 + SCTID:308772004 + TAO:0001601 + VHOG:0001205 + XAO:0000453 + ZFA:0001609 + 6th arch + gill arch 4 + sixth branchial arch + visceral arch 6 + uberon + 6th pharyngeal arch + 6th visceral arch + branchial arch 4 + fourth branchial arch + sixth pharyngeal arch + sixth visceral arch + UBERON:0003117 + + pharyngeal arch 6 + + + + + The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. + MP:0006347 + + + + + The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010368 + AAO + ISBN:0-02-377110-0 + + + + + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001205 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M, Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 6th arch + EHDAA2:0004075 + + + + + gill arch 4 + ZFA:0001609 + + + + + visceral arch 6 + ZFA:0001609 + + + + + 6th pharyngeal arch + VHOG:0001205 + + + + + 6th visceral arch + VHOG:0001205 + + + + + branchial arch 4 + AAO:0010368 + ZFA:0001609 + + + + + + fourth branchial arch + + + + + + sixth pharyngeal arch + VHOG:0001205 + + + + + sixth visceral arch + XAO:0000453 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + Disappears early in development in tetrapods + ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas + UBERON:0004371 + AAO:0010415 + EHDAA2:0000007 + EMAPA:16202 + EMAPA:16685 + SCTID:308774003 + TAO:0005005 + VHOG:0000149 + XAO:0000342 + ZFA:0005005 + 1st arch artery + AA1 + aortic arch 1 + first aortic arch + first branchial arch artery + mandibular aortic arch + uberon + 1st aortic arch artery + 1st branchial arch artery + 1st pharyngeal arch artery + first arch artery + UBERON:0003118 + + + pharyngeal arch artery 1 + + + + + The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + MP:0010355 + + + + + ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas + ZFA + + + + + 1st arch artery + EMAPA:16685 + + + + + AA1 + ZFA:0005005 + + + + + aortic arch 1 + ZFA:0005005 + + + + + first aortic arch + XAO:0000342 + + + + + mandibular aortic arch + ZFA:0005005 + + + + + 1st aortic arch artery + EMAPA:16685 + + + + + 1st branchial arch artery + EMAPA:16685 + + + + + 1st pharyngeal arch artery + EMAPA:16685 + + + + + first arch artery + EMAPA:16685 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills. These areches are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO] + The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4]. + Normally, the left fourth arch becomes the aortic arch, the right fourth arch contributes to the innominate artery[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] in birds it is the right fourth arch which forms the permanent aorta + UBERON:0004350 + AAO:0010420 + EHDAA2:0000087 + EMAPA:17004 + SCTID:308777005 + TAO:0005008 + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4 + XAO:0000355 + ZFA:0005008 + 4th arch artery + AA4 + aortic arch 4 + fourth aortic arch + fourth branchial arch artery + uberon + 4th aortic arch artery + 4th branchial arch artery + 4th pharyngeal arch artery + systemic arch + UBERON:0003121 + + + proximal right subclavian + pharyngeal arch artery 4 + + + + + The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + MP:0006354 + + + + + Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills. These areches are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005008 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010420 + AAO + ISBN:0-02-377110-0 + + + + + The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4]. + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4 + + + + + 4th arch artery + EHDAA2:0000087 + + + + + AA4 + ZFA:0005008 + + + + + aortic arch 4 + ZFA:0005008 + + + + + fourth aortic arch + XAO:0000355 + + + + + 4th aortic arch artery + EMAPA:17004 + + + + + 4th branchial arch artery + EMAPA:17004 + + + + + 4th pharyngeal arch artery + EMAPA:17004 + + + + + systemic arch + ISBN:0073040584 + XAO:0000355 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] + The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. + the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries + UBERON:0004351 + AAO:0010422 + EHDAA2:0000102 + EMAPA:17005 + SCTID:308779008 + TAO:0005016 + VHOG:0000144 + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6 + XAO:0000353 + ZFA:0005016 + 6th arch artery + AA6 + aortic arch 6 + sixth aortic arch + sixth branchial arch artery + uberon + 6th aortic arch artery + 6th branchial arch artery + 6th pharyngeal arch artery + pulmonary arch + UBERON:0003123 + + + pharyngeal arch artery 6 + + + + + The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. + MP:0006355 + + + + + The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005016 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010422 + AAO + ISBN:0-02-377110-0 + + + + + The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6 + + + + + the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries + http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview + + + + + 6th arch artery + EMAPA:17005 + + + + + AA6 + ZFA:0005016 + + + + + aortic arch 6 + ZFA:0005016 + + + + + sixth aortic arch + XAO:0000353 + + + + + 6th aortic arch artery + EMAPA:17005 + + + + + 6th branchial arch artery + EMAPA:17005 + + + + + 6th pharyngeal arch artery + EMAPA:17005 + + + + + pulmonary arch + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + + + + Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). + + + cranial + the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium + The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton + BTO:0001328 + EFO:0000831 + EHDAA:6029 + EMAPA:17680 + FMA:71325 + MA:0000316 + MAT:0000340 + MESH:D012886 + MIAA:0000340 + SCTID:181889008 + VHOG:0000334 + Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy) + bones of cranium + ossa cranii + set of bones of cranium + skull minus mandible + upper part of skull + uberon + calvarium + epicranial plate + skeletal system of head + UBERON:0003128 + + + + + cranium + + + + + + FMA-inferred + + + + + Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). + Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy) + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium + FMA + + + + + The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton + WP + + + + + MESH:D012886 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + bones of cranium + FMA:71325 + + + + + ossa cranii + FMA:71325 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of bones of cranium + FMA:71325 + + + + + calvarium + BTO:0001328 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. + in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. + in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton + A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates + BTO:0001295 + CALOHA:TS-2344 + EHDAA2:0000325 + EMAPA:17680 + FMA:46565 + GAID:82 + MESH:D012886 + NCIT:C12789 + SCTID:110530005 + UMLS:C0037303 + Wikipedia:Skull + WikipediaCategory:Skull + galen:Skull + uberon + cranial skeleton + skeletal system of head + UBERON:0003129 + + + skull + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. + PMID:11523816 + Wikipedia:Skull + http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. + FMA + + + + + A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0037303 + ncithesaurus:Skull + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ involved in reproduction. + GO uses genitalia for the singular organ + EMAPA:17381 + EMAPA:37731 + MA:0001752 + MESH:D005835 + NCIT:C25177 + SCTID:128181006 + TGMA:0000591 + UMLS:C0017420 + WBbt:0008422 + genital organ + reproductive system organ + sex organ + uberon + genitalia + UBERON:0003133 + + + + reproductive organ + + + + + An organ involved in reproduction. + UBERON:xp + + + + + GO uses genitalia for the singular organ + GO + + + + + EMAPA:37731 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0017420 + ncithesaurus:Genitalia + + + + + genitalia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A female organ involved in reproduction. + EMAPA:28540 + MA:0000544 + female organism reproductive organ + female organism reproductive structure + female organism reproductive system organ + female organism sex organ + female reproductive gland/organ + female reproductive system organ + female sex organ + reproductive organ of female organism + reproductive structure of female organism + reproductive system organ of female organism + sex organ of female organism + uberon + UBERON:0003134 + + + female reproductive organ + + + + + A female organ involved in reproduction. + UBERON:xp + + + + + female organism reproductive organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive structure + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism sex organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive gland/organ + MA:0000544 + + + + + reproductive organ of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive structure of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive system organ of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sex organ of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. + uberon + UBERON:0003218 + ovary septum + + + + + Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. + GO:0080126 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0002119 + EHDAA:8027 + EMAPA:17943 + EMAPA:18971 + epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch + epithelial tissue of upper jaw + epithelium of palatoquadrate arch + palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue + palatoquadrate arch epithelium + upper jaw epithelial tissue + upper jaw epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003235 + epithelium of upper jaw + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of upper jaw + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of palatoquadrate arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + palatoquadrate arch epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper jaw epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper jaw epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0001019 + EHDAA:7999 + EMAPA:35516 + VHOG:0000802 + epithelial tissue of lower jaw + epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch + epithelium of ventral mandibular arch + lower jaw epithelial tissue + lower jaw epithelium + ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue + ventral mandibular arch epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003236 + epithelium of lower jaw + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of lower jaw + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of ventral mandibular arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower jaw epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower jaw epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventral mandibular arch epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. + EHDAA2:0002215 + EHDAA:166 + EMAPA:16086 + VHOG:0000626 + uberon + UBERON:0003257 + yolk sac endoderm + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - check + EHDAA2:0004568 + EHDAA:524 + foregut endoderm + uberon + UBERON:0003258 + endoderm of foregut + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + foregut endoderm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - check + EHDAA:987 + EMAPA:16257 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001194 + VHOG:0001080 + midgut endoderm + uberon + UBERON:0003259 + endoderm of midgut + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + midgut endoderm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - check + EHDAA:979 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000781 + hindgut endoderm + uberon + UBERON:0003260 + endoderm of hindgut + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut endoderm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000486 + EHDAA:2923 + EMAPA:17844 + eye skeletal muscle + eye skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle tissue of eye + uberon + eye skeletal muscle group + UBERON:0003269 + skeletal muscle tissue of eye + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye skeletal muscle group + EHDAA2:0000486 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. + The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] + EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 + upper jaw + AAO:0000622 + EHDAA2:0002128 + EHDAA:8041 + EMAPA:17927 + FMA:54397 + MA:0001908 + VHOG:0000429 + XAO:0003087 + upper jaw skeleton + uberon + UBERON:0003277 + + skeleton of upper jaw + + + + + A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000429 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 + EMAPA + + + + + upper jaw + MA:0001908 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. + The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] + The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] + Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 + lower jaw + mandible + AAO:0000274 + EHDAA2:0004606 + EHDAA:8005 + EMAPA:17906 + EMAPA:17910 + FMA:54398 + MA:0001906 + TAO:0001273 + VHOG:0000428 + XAO:0003084 + ZFA:0001273 + lower jaw skeleton + uberon + mandibles + mandibular series + UBERON:0003278 + + skeleton of lower jaw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + VHOG-modified + + + + + A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001273 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000428 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 + FMA + + + + + lower jaw + MA:0001906 + ZFA:0001273 + + + + + mandible + ZFA:0001273 + + + + + lower jaw skeleton + AAO:0000274 + + + + + mandibles + TAO:0001273 + + + + + + mandibular series + ZFA:0001273 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. + TODO - check primitive vs developed + The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. [TFD][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001922 + EHDAA:2999 + EMAPA:17024 + MA:0001617 + SCTID:261623000 + VHOG:0000358 + mesentery of ventriculus + mesogaster + mesogastium + mesogastrium + stomach mesentery + ventriculus mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003281 + + mesentery of stomach + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium + + + + + The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000358 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium + + + + + mesentery of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesogaster + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium + + + + + mesogastium + MA:0001617 + + + + + mesogastrium + http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html + + + + + stomach mesentery + Obol:obol + + + + + ventriculus mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that surrounds the heart. + EHDAA:432 + EMAPA:16212 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000739 + VHOG:0000353 + heart mesentery + uberon + cardiac mesentery + mesocardium + UBERON:0003282 + mesentery of heart + + + + + A mesentery that surrounds the heart. + MA:th + + + + + heart mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac mesentery + EMAPA:16212 + + + + + mesocardium + MA:0000098 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001288 + EHDAA:2943 + EMAPA:16836 + MA:0001569 + VHOG:0000415 + esophagus mesentery + gullet mesentery + mesentery of esophagus + mesentery of gullet + meso-esophagus + oesophagus mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003283 + mesentery of oesophagus + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000415 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + esophagus mesentery + MA:0001569 + + + + + gullet mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus mesentery + VHOG:0000415 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001202 + EHDAA:3031 + EMAPA:16721 + EMAPA:17039 + EMAPA:17197 + VHOG:0000413 + midgut mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003284 + mesentery of midgut + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000413 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + midgut mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000567 + EHDAA:950 + EMAPA:16557 + VHOG:0000650 + foregut gland + uberon + UBERON:0003294 + gland of foregut + + + + + A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + foregut gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. + BTO:0004849 + EHDAA2:0001461 + EHDAA:2967 + FMA:55075 + pharynx gland + uberon + glandulae pharyngeae + UBERON:0003295 + + pharyngeal gland + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. + http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/ + + + + + pharynx gland + EHDAA2:0001461 + + + + + glandulae pharyngeae + BTO:0004849 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000837 + EHDAA:6522 + EMAPA:17758 + MA:0000144 + VHOG:0000654 + integumental gland + integumental system gland + integumentary gland + uberon + UBERON:0003297 + gland of integumental system + + + + + A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + integumental gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + integumental system gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + integumentary gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. + in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta + UBERON:0003305 + EHDAA2:0003241 + EHDAA:170 + EMAPA:16115 + mesoderm blood islands + uberon + mesenchyme blood island + UBERON:0003304 + mesoderm blood island + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta + EHDAA2 + + + + + mesoderm blood islands + EHDAA2:0003241 + + + + + + mesenchyme blood island + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. + TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of + EHDAA2:0000485 + EHDAA:2910 + EMAPA:16673 + VHOG:0001084 + mesenchyme of eye + uberon + UBERON:0003314 + eye mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. + + EHDAA2:0001362 + EHDAA:8128 + VHOG:0001441 + female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme + female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme + gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme + gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme + mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad + mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada + mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system + mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system + ovary mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003315 + + mesenchyme of ovary + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovary mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. + UBERON:0003264 + EHDAA2:0002216 + EHDAA:168 + EHDAA:205 + EMAPA:16087 + EMAPA:16267 + VHOG:0000503 + VHOG:0000617 + yolk sac mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003316 + mesenchyme of yolk sac + + + + + The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + yolk sac mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0002124 + EHDAA:8031 + EMAPA:17929 + VHOG:0001099 + mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch + palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme + upper jaw mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003323 + mesenchyme of upper jaw + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper jaw mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0001024 + EHDAA:8003 + EMAPA:17916 + VHOG:0001069 + lower jaw mesenchyme + mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch + ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003324 + mesenchyme of lower jaw + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower jaw mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27217 + EMAPA:27227 + EMAPA:27535 + FMA:85399 + SCTID:7892006 + anal canal submucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa + anal region submucosa + anatomical anal canal submucosa + submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + submucosa of anal region + submucosa of anatomical anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0003329 + + submucosa of anal canal + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. + BTO:0002114 + EMAPA:27083 + FMA:15034 + SCTID:71683001 + rectal submucosa + rectum submucosa + tela submucosa recti + uberon + UBERON:0003330 + submucosa of rectum + + + + + The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. + BTO:0002114 + + + + + rectal submucosa + FMA:15034 + + + + + rectum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa recti + BTO:0002114 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27379 + FMA:14985 + MA:0003200 + SCTID:61647009 + colon submucosa + colonic submucosa + large bowel submucosa + submucosa of large bowel + uberon + UBERON:0003331 + + submucosa of colon + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic submucosa + FMA:14985 + + + + + large bowel submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27027 + EMAPA:27097 + EMAPA:27239 + FMA:14943 + MA:0003213 + SCTID:76519004 + doudenal submucosa + duodenal submucosa + duodenum submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0003332 + + submucosa of duodenum + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal submucosa + FMA:14943 + + + + + duodenal submucosa + FMA:14943 + + + + + duodenum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27087 + FMA:15039 + rectal serosa + rectum serosa + rectum serous membrane + serous membrane of rectum + visceral peritoneum of rectum + uberon + UBERON:0003334 + serosa of rectum + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectal serosa + FMA:15039 + + + + + rectum serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of rectum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral peritoneum of rectum + FMA:15039 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27387 + FMA:14990 + MA:0003199 + SCTID:90132000 + colon serosa + colon serous membrane + colonic serosa + large bowel serosa + large bowel serous membrane + serosa of large bowel + serous membrane of colon + serous membrane of large bowel + visceral peritoneum of colon + uberon + UBERON:0003335 + + serosa of colon + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic serosa + FMA:14990 + + + + + large bowel serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral peritoneum of colon + FMA:14990 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + + 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia + EMAPA:27247 + FMA:14948 + MA:0003212 + SCTID:1236009 + doudenal serosa + duodenal serosa + duodenum serosa + duodenum serous membrane + serous membrane of duodenum + visceral peritoneum of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0003336 + + serosa of duodenum + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal serosa + FMA:14948 + + + + + duodenal serosa + FMA:14948 + + + + + duodenum serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenum serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of duodenum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral peritoneum of duodenum + FMA:14948 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). + we follow MA in including separate classes for ganglion and peripheral nervous system, even though for vertebrates gangia are always in the PNS + BIRNLEX:2548 + BTO:0001123 + EMAPA:32814 + MA:0001161 + peripheral nervous system ganglion + uberon + UBERON:0003338 + + ganglion of peripheral nervous system + + + + + A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). + BIRNLEX:2548 + + + + + we follow MA in including separate classes for ganglion and peripheral nervous system, even though for vertebrates gangia are always in the PNS + MA + + + + + peripheral nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. + this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 and EMAPA it has only the cranial ganglia + EHDAA2:0000227 + EMAPA:16658 + FMA:83843 + central nervous system ganglion + ganglion of neuraxis + neuraxis ganglion + uberon + UBERON:0003339 + ganglion of central nervous system + + + + + A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 and EMAPA it has only the cranial ganglia + FMA + + + + + central nervous system ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ganglion of neuraxis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neuraxis ganglion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27531 + FMA:74654 + NCIT:C60784 + SCTID:362170004 + UMLS:C0227414 + anal canal mucosa + anal canal mucosa of organ + anal canal mucous membrane + anal canal organ mucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ + anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane + anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa + anal mucosa + anal mucous membrane + anal region mucosa + anal region mucosa of organ + anal region mucous membrane + anal region organ mucosa + anatomical anal canal mucosa + anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ + anatomical anal canal mucous membrane + anatomical anal canal organ mucosa + mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucosa of anal region + mucosa of anatomical anal canal + mucosa of organ of anal canal + mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucosa of organ of anal region + mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal + mucous membrane of anal canal + mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucous membrane of anal region + mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal + organ mucosa of anal canal + organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + organ mucosa of anal region + organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0003342 + + mucosa of anal canal + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227414 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Mucosa + + + + + anal canal mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal mucosa + FMA:74654 + + + + + anal mucous membrane + FMA:74654 + + + + + anal region mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:26937 + SCTID:362083000 + mucosa of oral opening + mucosa of oral part of face + mucosa of organ of oral opening + mucosa of organ of oral part of face + mucosa of organ of oral region + mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth + mucosa of subdivision of mouth + mucous membrane of oral opening + mucous membrane of oral part of face + mucous membrane of oral region + mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth + oral opening mucosa + oral opening mucosa of organ + oral opening mucous membrane + oral opening organ mucosa + oral part of face mucosa + oral part of face mucosa of organ + oral part of face mucous membrane + oral part of face organ mucosa + oral region mucosa + oral region mucosa of organ + oral region mucous membrane + oral region organ mucosa + organ mucosa of oral opening + organ mucosa of oral part of face + organ mucosa of oral region + organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth + subdivision of mouth mucosa + subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ + subdivision of mouth mucous membrane + subdivision of mouth organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0003343 + mucosa of oral region + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of oral opening + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of oral part of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of oral opening + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of oral part of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of oral region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of subdivision of mouth + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of oral opening + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of oral part of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of oral region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral opening mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral opening mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral opening mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral opening organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral part of face mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral part of face mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral part of face mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral part of face organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral region mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral region mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral region mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oral region organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of oral opening + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of oral part of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of oral region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth + OBOL:automatic + + + + + subdivision of mouth mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + subdivision of mouth mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + subdivision of mouth organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-2107 + EMAPA:27081 + FMA:15033 + MA:0003218 + SCTID:362167003 + mucosa of organ of rectum + mucous membrane of rectum + organ mucosa of rectum + rectal mucosa + rectal mucous membrane + rectum mucosa + rectum mucosa of organ + rectum mucous membrane + rectum organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0003346 + mucosa of rectum + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of rectum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of rectum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of rectum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectal mucosa + FMA:15033 + + + + + rectal mucous membrane + FMA:15033 + + + + + rectum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. + BTO:0003752 + uberon + lamina epithelialis mucosa + lamina epithelialis mucosae + UBERON:0003350 + lies on top of lamina propria + epithelium of mucosa + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. + BTO:0003752 + + + + + lamina epithelialis mucosa + BTO:0003752 + + + + + lamina epithelialis mucosae + BTO:0003752 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] + BSA:0000112 + BTO:0005240 + EMAPA:16708 + MA:0002725 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 + TAO:0001174 + XAO:0003202 + ZFA:0001174 + epithelial tissue of pharynx + epithelium of pharynx + pharynx epithelial tissue + pharynx epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003351 + + pharyngeal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001174 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + epithelial tissue of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a midgut. + BTO:0005053 + EHDAA2:0001195 + EMAPA:16569 + MA:0003205 + epithelial tissue of midgut + midgut epithelial tissue + midgut epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003352 + epithelium of midgut + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a midgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of midgut + OBOL:automatic + + + + + midgut epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + midgut epithelium + BTO:0005053 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000782 + EMAPA:16717 + MA:0003206 + epithelial tissue of hindgut + hindgut epithelial tissue + hindgut epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003353 + epithelium of hindgut + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of hindgut + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-2066 + EHDAA2:0001594 + EMAPA:17898 + FMA:17510 + MA:0003219 + VHOG:0001037 + epithelial tissue of rectum + rectal epithelium + rectum epithelial tissue + rectum epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003354 + epithelium of rectum + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of rectum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectal epithelium + FMA:17510 + + + + + rectum epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17663 + MA:0003132 + epithelial tissue of right lung + right lung epithelial tissue + right lung epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003364 + epithelium of right lung + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of right lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right lung epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right lung epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17655 + MA:0003131 + epithelial tissue of left lung + left lung epithelial tissue + left lung epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003365 + epithelium of left lung + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of left lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left lung epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left lung epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. + UBERON:0005232 + EHDAA2:0001034 + EMAPA:16780 + VHOG:0001048 + hindlimb ectoderm + hindlimb bud ectoderm + hindlimb ectoderm + lower limb bud ectoderm + pelvic fin bud ectoderm + uberon + leg ectoderm + UBERON:0003371 + pelvic appendage bud ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindlimb ectoderm + VHOG:0001048 + + + + + hindlimb bud ectoderm + EMAPA:16780 + + + + + + hindlimb ectoderm + VHOG:0001048 + + + + + + lower limb bud ectoderm + EHDAA2:0001034 + + + + + + pelvic fin bud ectoderm + + + + + + leg ectoderm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. + UBERON:0005231 + UBERON:0005663 + EHDAA2:0002134 + EMAPA:16407 + VHOG:0001047 + forelimb bud ectoderm + forelimb ectoderm + pectoral fin bud ectoderm + upper limb bud ectoderm + wing ectoderm + uberon + arm ectoderm + UBERON:0003372 + pectoral appendage bud ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + forelimb bud ectoderm + EMAPA:16407 + + + + + + forelimb ectoderm + VHOG:0001047 + + + + + + pectoral fin bud ectoderm + + + + + + upper limb bud ectoderm + EHDAA2:0002134 + + + + + + wing ectoderm + Geisha:syn + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + + arm ectoderm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + + EHDAA2:0004155 + EMAPA:17326 + FMA:7282 + SCTID:362018002 + VHOG:0001227 + cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium + cardiac muscle of heart right atrium + cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium + cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium + cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart + myocardium of right atrium + right atrium heart muscle + right atrium myocardium + textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium + textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart + textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium + uberon + UBERON:0003379 + + cardiac muscle of right atrium + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of heart right atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right atrium heart muscle + EHDAA2:0004155 + + + + + right atrium myocardium + VHOG:0001227 + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0004154 + EMAPA:17320 + FMA:7285 + SCTID:189936008 + VHOG:0001225 + cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle + cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue + cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium + cardiac muscle of heart left atrium + cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart + left atrium heart muscle + left atrium myocardium + myocardium of left atrium + textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium + textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium + textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium + textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart + textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium + uberon + UBERON:0003380 + cardiac muscle of left atrium + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of heart left atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left atrium heart muscle + EHDAA2:0004154 + + + + + left atrium myocardium + VHOG:0001225 + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17342 + FMA:83452 + VHOG:0001236 + cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle + right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + uberon + right ventricle cardiac muscle + UBERON:0003381 + cardiac muscle of right ventricle + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle + FMA:83452 + + + + + right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + GO:0003221 + + + + + right ventricle cardiac muscle + VHOG:0001236 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17339 + FMA:83453 + VHOG:0001234 + cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle + left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + uberon + left ventricle cardiac muscle + UBERON:0003382 + cardiac muscle of left ventricle + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle + FMA:83453 + + + + + left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + GO:0003220 + + + + + left ventricle cardiac muscle + VHOG:0001234 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. + + EHDAA2:0004158 + EMAPA:17335 + FMA:84084 + VHOG:0000999 + cardiac muscle of interventricular septum + cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum + interventricular septum cardiac muscle + interventricular septum heart muscle + interventricular septum myocardium + uberon + interventricular septum muscle + UBERON:0003383 + + cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum + FMA:84084 + + + + + interventricular septum cardiac muscle + VHOG:0000999 + + + + + interventricular septum heart muscle + EHDAA2:0004158 + + + + + interventricular septum myocardium + VHOG:0000999 + + + + + interventricular septum muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18963 + pharynx skeletal muscle + pharynx skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx + uberon + UBERON:0003384 + skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pharynx skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. + Not clear if we need this and intra-ocular muscle. See issue #331. MA includes ciliary and iris smooth muscle + EMAPA:18807 + MA:0001268 + ocular smooth muscle + uberon + UBERON:0003386 + + smooth muscle of eye + + + + + Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. + MGI:cwg + MP:0005247 + + + + + ocular smooth muscle + MA:0001268 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001436 + cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium + cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium + meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac + meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity + mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac + pericardial cavity meso-epithelium + pericardial cavity mesothelium + uberon + UBERON:0003388 + mesothelium of pericardial cavity + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac + OBOL:automatic + + + + + meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pericardial cavity meso-epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pericardial cavity mesothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18429 + diaphragm meso-epithelium + diaphragm mesothelium + meso-epithelium of diaphragm + meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm + mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm + thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium + thoracic diaphragm mesothelium + uberon + UBERON:0003389 + mesothelium of diaphragm + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + diaphragm meso-epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + diaphragm mesothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + meso-epithelium of diaphragm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic diaphragm mesothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0003155 + EHDAA2:0001476 + EMAPA:16775 + FMA:18148 + meso-epithelium of pleural cavity + mesothelium of pleura + pleural cavity meso-epithelium + pleural cavity mesothelium + pleural mesothelium + uberon + pleura + UBERON:0003390 + mesothelium of pleural cavity + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + meso-epithelium of pleural cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesothelium of pleura + FMA:18148 + + + + + pleural cavity meso-epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pleural cavity mesothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pleural mesothelium + EMAPA:16775 + + + + + pleura + EMAPA:16775 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:17367 + MA:0003233 + excretory system mesentery + mesentery of excretory system + mesentery of renal system + mesentery of systema urinaria + renal system mesentery + systema urinaria mesentery + urinary system mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003393 + mesentery of urinary system + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + excretory system mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of excretory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of renal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of systema urinaria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal system mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + systema urinaria mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary system mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:16718 + hindgut mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003394 + mesentery of hindgut + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18664 + rectum mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003395 + mesentery of rectum + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rectum mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18942 + FMA:14645 + SCTID:245457004 + colon mesentery + large bowel mesentery + large intestinal mesentery + mesentery of large bowel + mesentery of large intestine + mesocolon + uberon + UBERON:0003396 + mesentery of colon + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestinal mesentery + FMA:14645 + + + + + mesentery of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of large intestine + FMA:14645 + + + + + mesocolon + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:19081 + duodenum mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0003397 + mesentery of duodenum + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenum mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18694 + MA:0001818 + apparatus respiratorius cartilage + cartilage of apparatus respiratorius + respiratory system cartilage + uberon + UBERON:0003406 + cartilage of respiratory system + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18815 + MA:0003202 + digestive tract gland + gland of digestive tract + gland of lower gastrointestinal tract + gut gland + lower gastrointestinal tract gland + uberon + UBERON:0003408 + gland of digestive tract + + + + + A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive tract gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of digestive tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of lower gastrointestinal tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gut gland + MA:0003202 + + + + + lower gastrointestinal tract gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. + Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + EHDAA2:0001035 + EMAPA:16781 + TAO:0001386 + ZFA:0001386 + leg mesenchyme + lower limb bud mesenchyme + hindlimb bud mesenchyme + mesoderm pelvic fin bud + pelvic fin bud mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003412 + pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001386 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + leg mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower limb bud mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0001035 + + + + + hindlimb bud mesenchyme + EMAPA:16781 + + + + + + mesoderm pelvic fin bud + ZFA:0001386 + + + + + + pelvic fin bud mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. + Mesoderm that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + UBERON:0005703 + EHDAA2:0002135 + EHDAA:1703 + EMAPA:16408 + TAO:0000789 + ZFA:0000789 + arm mesenchyme + forelimb bud mesenchyme + mesoderm pectoral fin bud + pectoral fin bud mesenchyme + upper limb bud mesenchyme + wing mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0003413 + pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Mesoderm that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000789 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + arm mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + forelimb bud mesenchyme + EMAPA:16408 + + + + + + mesoderm pectoral fin bud + ZFA:0000789 + + + + + + pectoral fin bud mesenchyme + + + + + + upper limb bud mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0002135 + + + + + wing mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0000798 + adipose tissue of dermis + dermis fat tissue + dermis fatty tissue + fat tissue of dermis + fatty tissue of dermis + uberon + UBERON:0003426 + + dermis adipose tissue + + + + + An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adipose tissue of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dermis fat tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dermis fatty tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fat tissue of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fatty tissue of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0000521 + nerve of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0003429 + abdomen nerve + + + + + A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37263 + MA:0000588 + neck (volume) nerve + nerve of neck + nerve of neck (volume) + uberon + UBERON:0003430 + neck nerve + + + + + A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37263 + MA:th + + + + + neck (volume) nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any nerve that innervates the iris. + added for consistency with mouse ontologies. The term 'ciliary nerve' is usually used to denote either of the two nerves (with different origins) that innervate the iris, as well as ciliary muscles and cornea + EMAPA:35449 + MA:0001291 + nerve of iris + ciliary nerve + uberon + UBERON:0003438 + iris nerve + + + + + Any nerve that innervates the iris. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + nerve of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). + EMAPA:37264 + MA:0000515 + nerve of torso + nerve of trunk + torso nerve + uberon + trunk nerve + UBERON:0003439 + + + nerve of trunk region + + + + + A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37264 + MA:th + + + + + nerve of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk nerve + MA:0000515 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + consider merging with thoracic nerve. In MA the only subclass is the phrenic nerve, which arises from a cervical nerve + EMAPA:37267 + MA:0000556 + cavity of chest nerve + cavity of thorax nerve + chest cavity nerve + nerve of cavity of chest + nerve of cavity of thorax + nerve of chest cavity + nerve of pectoral cavity + nerve of thoracic cavity + pectoral cavity nerve + uberon + UBERON:0003443 + thoracic cavity nerve + + + + + A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37267 + MA:th + + + + + cavity of chest nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37269 + MA:0000542 + nerve of pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0003444 + pelvis nerve + + + + + A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37269 + MA:th + + + + + nerve of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36573 + FMA:84428 + MA:0002833 + cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea + muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea + muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea + muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea + myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea + textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea + textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea + textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis + trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue + trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis + trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue + trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis + trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue + trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium + trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue + trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0003452 + + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35996 + MA:0000576 + SCTID:118646007 + adult head bone + adult head bone organ + bone of adult head + bone of head + bone organ of adult head + bone organ of head + head bone organ + uberon + craniofacial bone + UBERON:0003457 + + Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone + head bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + craniofacial bone + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37246 + MA:0000584 + bone of neck + bone of neck (volume) + bone organ of neck + bone organ of neck (volume) + neck (volume) bone + neck (volume) bone organ + neck bone organ + uberon + UBERON:0003458 + neck bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37246 + MA:th + + + + + bone of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. + test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym + EMAPA:19019 + EMAPA:35924 + MA:0001482 + MA:0003159 + MESH:D005147 + NCIT:C63706 + SCTID:181799005 + UMLS:C0015455 + bone of facial skeleton + facial bone + facial skeleton bone + uberon + bone of viscerocranium + viscerocranium bone + UBERON:0003462 + + facial bone + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MESH:D005147 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0015455 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone + + + + + bone of facial skeleton + OBOL:automatic + + + + + facial bone + EMAPA:19019 + + + + + facial skeleton bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of viscerocranium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + viscerocranium bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36583 + MA:0000512 + SCTID:427358002 + bone of torso + bone of trunk + bone organ of torso + bone organ of trunk + torso bone + torso bone organ + trunk bone organ + uberon + UBERON:0003463 + trunk bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37569 + MA:0001804 + uberon + UBERON:0003469 + respiratory system artery + + + + + An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37569 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. + + EMAPA:37430 + FMA:49570 + MA:0001917 + SCTID:145137009 + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + arteria labialis superior + ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis + superior labial artery + superior labial branch of facial artery + uberon + UBERON:0003470 + + artery of upper lip + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37430 + MA:th + + + + + arteria labialis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + + ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + + superior labial artery + FMA:49570 + + + + + superior labial branch of facial artery + FMA:49570 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. + + EMAPA:37429 + FMA:49567 + MA:0001916 + SCTID:145036002 + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + arteria labialis inferior + inferior labial artery + inferior labial branch of facial artery + ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) + ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis + uberon + UBERON:0003471 + + artery of lower lip + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37429 + MA:th + + + + + arteria labialis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + + inferior labial artery + FMA:49567 + + + + + inferior labial branch of facial artery + FMA:49567 + + + + + ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) + FMA:TA + + + + + ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. + in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity + EMAPA:37241 + MA:0001902 + MESH:D013895 + uberon + thoracic artery + UBERON:0003473 + thoracic cavity artery + + + + + An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3317815&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37241 + MA:th + + + + + thoracic artery + MESH:A07.231.114.891 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37584 + MA:0001809 + MA:0001810 + apparatus respiratorius vein + respiratory system vein + vein of apparatus respiratorius + vein of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0003476 + respiratory system venous blood vessel + + + + + A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37584 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. + + EMAPA:37204 + FMA:52538 + MA:0002255 + SCTID:422755007 + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein + superior labial vein + upper lip vein + vena labialis superior + uberon + UBERON:0003477 + + vein of upper lip + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37204 + MA:th + + + + + superior labial vein + FMA:52538 + + + + + upper lip vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena labialis superior + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. + + EMAPA:37202 + FMA:52541 + MA:0002253 + SCTID:422955002 + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + inferior labial vein + lower lip vein + vena labialis inferior + uberon + venae labiales inferiores + UBERON:0003478 + + vein of lower lip + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37202 + MA:th + + + + + inferior labial vein + FMA:52541 + + + + + lower lip vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena labialis inferior + + + + + + venae labiales inferiores + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37242 + MA:0001903 + cavity of chest vein + cavity of thorax vein + chest cavity vein + pectoral cavity vein + vein of cavity of chest + vein of cavity of thorax + vein of chest cavity + vein of pectoral cavity + vein of thoracic cavity + uberon + UBERON:0003479 + thoracic cavity vein + + + + + A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37242 + MA:th + + + + + cavity of chest vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + see also caudal vein + AAO:0011105 + EMAPA:37761 + MA:0002233 + Wikipedia:Tail_vein + XAO:0000393 + post-vent region vein + vein of post-vent region + vein of tail + uberon + caudal vein + UBERON:0003481 + tail vein + + + + + A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + Wikipedia:Tail_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37761 + MA:th + + + + + post-vent region vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caudal vein + Wikipedia:Tail_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37575 + MA:0001808 + apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium + apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium + apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel + blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system + capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + capillary endothelium of respiratory system + capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system + endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system + endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of capillary of respiratory system + endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system + respiratory system blood capillary endothelium + respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium + respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary + respiratory system endothelium of capillary + respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003489 + respiratory system capillary endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37575 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of capillary of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system blood capillary endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37587 + MA:0001813 + apparatus respiratorius venule + venule of apparatus respiratorius + venule of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0003494 + respiratory system venule + + + + + A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37587 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius venule + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venule of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venule of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37568 + MA:0001803 + uberon + UBERON:0003495 + respiratory system arteriole + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37568 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36610 + MA:0000575 + SCTID:127865000 + adult head blood vessel + blood vessel of adult head + blood vessel of head + uberon + UBERON:0003496 + head blood vessel + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0000518 + blood vessel of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0003497 + abdomen blood vessel + UBERON:0012254 + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UBERON:0012254 + abdominal aorta artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35397 + MA:0002483 + blood vessel of heart + uberon + cardiac blood vessel + UBERON:0003498 + + heart blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac blood vessel + EMAPA:35397 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35182 + MA:0002769 + blood vessel of brain + uberon + UBERON:0003499 + + brain blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. + follow up on tracker item + + EMAPA:36611 + MA:0001241 + blood vessel of cornea + cornea blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003500 + corneal blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3564332&group_id=36855&atid=440764 + + + + + + PMID:17051153 + + + + + blood vessel of cornea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cornea blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36520 + GAID:509 + MA:0001317 + MESH:D012171 + SCTID:280692003 + XAO:0004153 + blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball + blood vessel of retina + blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball + inner layer of eyeball blood vessel + retinal blood vessel + tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003501 + + retina blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of retina + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball + OBOL:automatic + + + + + inner layer of eyeball blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + retinal blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37236 + MA:0000583 + blood vessel of neck + blood vessel of neck (volume) + neck (volume) blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003502 + neck blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37236 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35731 + EMAPA:35995 + MA:0001799 + apparatus respiratorius blood vessel + blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius + blood vessel of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0003504 + respiratory system blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. + EMAPA:35144 + MA:0000061 + uberon + UBERON:0003509 + + only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. + arterial blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37387 + MA:0001290 + ZFA:0005568 + blood vessel of iris + uberon + UBERON:0003511 + + iris blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37387 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:32867 + MA:0002457 + blood vessel of lung + uberon + pulmonary vascular element + UBERON:0003512 + + lung blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary vascular element + EMAPA:32867 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37237 + MA:0000511 + blood vessel of torso + blood vessel of trunk + torso blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003513 + trunk blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37237 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37240 + MA:0000554 + blood vessel of cavity of chest + blood vessel of cavity of thorax + blood vessel of chest cavity + blood vessel of pectoral cavity + blood vessel of thoracic cavity + cavity of chest blood vessel + cavity of thorax blood vessel + chest cavity blood vessel + pectoral cavity blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003519 + thoracic cavity blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37240 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of chest blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37244 + MA:0000531 + blood vessel of pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0003520 + pelvis blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37244 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35848 + MA:0000695 + blood vessel of post-vent region + blood vessel of tail + post-vent region blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003524 + tail blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37574 + MA:0001807 + apparatus respiratorius blood capillary + apparatus respiratorius capillary + apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel + blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius + blood capillary of respiratory system + capillary of apparatus respiratorius + capillary of respiratory system + capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius + capillary vessel of respiratory system + respiratory system blood capillary + respiratory system capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:0003526 + respiratory system capillary + + + + + A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37574 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood capillary of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35184 + MA:0000810 + NCIT:C49333 + UMLS:C1707348 + brain grey matter + brain grey substance + gray matter of brain + grey matter of brain + grey substance of brain + uberon + UBERON:0003528 + brain gray matter + + + + + A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1707348 + ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gray_Matter + + + + + brain grey matter + MA:0000810 + + + + + brain grey substance + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gray matter of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + grey matter of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + grey substance of brain + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36502 + MA:0000700 + SCTID:67214004 + post-vent region skin + skin of post-vent region + skin of tail + uberon + UBERON:0003534 + + tail skin + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:16098 + MA:0000577 + adult head connective tissue + adult head portion of connective tissue + adult head textus connectivus + connective tissue of adult head + connective tissue of head + head portion of connective tissue + head textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of adult head + portion of connective tissue of head + textus connectivus of adult head + textus connectivus of head + uberon + UBERON:0003566 + head connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult head textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of adult head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of head + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0000519 + abdomen portion of connective tissue + abdomen textus connectivus + connective tissue of abdomen + portion of connective tissue of abdomen + textus connectivus of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0003567 + abdomen connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdomen portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdomen textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of abdomen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37250 + MA:0000585 + connective tissue of neck + connective tissue of neck (volume) + neck (volume) connective tissue + neck (volume) portion of connective tissue + neck (volume) textus connectivus + neck portion of connective tissue + neck textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of neck + portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) + textus connectivus of neck + textus connectivus of neck (volume) + uberon + UBERON:0003568 + neck connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37250 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35968 + EMAPA:35977 + MA:0001814 + apparatus respiratorius connective tissue + apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue + apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus + connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + connective tissue of respiratory system + portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + portion of connective tissue of respiratory system + respiratory system portion of connective tissue + respiratory system textus connectivus + textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius + textus connectivus of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0003570 + respiratory system connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37548 + MA:0002409 + connective tissue of lower respiratory tract + lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue + lower respiratory tract textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract + textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract + uberon + UBERON:0003580 + lower respiratory tract connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37548 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36509 + MA:0000799 + connective tissue of dermis + dermis portion of connective tissue + dermis textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of dermis + textus connectivus of dermis + uberon + UBERON:0003585 + + dermis connective tissue + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dermis portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dermis textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of dermis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37252 + MA:0000513 + connective tissue of torso + connective tissue of trunk + portion of connective tissue of torso + portion of connective tissue of trunk + textus connectivus of torso + textus connectivus of trunk + torso connective tissue + torso portion of connective tissue + torso textus connectivus + trunk portion of connective tissue + trunk textus connectivus + uberon + UBERON:0003586 + trunk connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37252 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37255 + MA:0000555 + cavity of chest connective tissue + cavity of chest portion of connective tissue + cavity of chest textus connectivus + cavity of thorax connective tissue + cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue + cavity of thorax textus connectivus + chest cavity connective tissue + chest cavity portion of connective tissue + chest cavity textus connectivus + connective tissue of cavity of chest + connective tissue of cavity of thorax + connective tissue of chest cavity + connective tissue of pectoral cavity + connective tissue of thoracic cavity + pectoral cavity connective tissue + pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue + pectoral cavity textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest + portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax + portion of connective tissue of chest cavity + portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity + portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity + textus connectivus of cavity of chest + textus connectivus of cavity of thorax + textus connectivus of chest cavity + textus connectivus of pectoral cavity + textus connectivus of thoracic cavity + thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue + thoracic cavity textus connectivus + uberon + UBERON:0003593 + thoracic cavity connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37255 + MA:th + + + + + cavity of chest connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of chest portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of chest textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of thorax textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chest cavity textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral cavity textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of cavity of chest + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of cavity of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of chest cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of pectoral cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of thoracic cavity + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic cavity textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37257 + MA:0000533 + connective tissue of pelvis + pelvis portion of connective tissue + pelvis textus connectivus + portion of connective tissue of pelvis + textus connectivus of pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0003594 + pelvis connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37257 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pelvis portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pelvis textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of pelvis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:16749 + MA:0000697 + connective tissue of post-vent region + connective tissue of tail + portion of connective tissue of post-vent region + portion of connective tissue of tail + post-vent region connective tissue + post-vent region portion of connective tissue + post-vent region textus connectivus + tail portion of connective tissue + tail textus connectivus + textus connectivus of post-vent region + textus connectivus of tail + uberon + UBERON:0003599 + tail connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tail portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tail textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37251 + MA:0000586 + cartilage of neck + cartilage of neck (volume) + neck (volume) cartilage + uberon + UBERON:0003601 + neck cartilage + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37251 + MA:th + + + + + cartilage of neck + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of neck (volume) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + neck (volume) cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37547 + MA:0001819 + NCIT:C49256 + UMLS:C1708759 + cartilage of lower respiratory tract + uberon + UBERON:0003603 + lower respiratory tract cartilage + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37547 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1708759 + ncithesaurus:Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Cartilage + + + + + cartilage of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37530 + MA:0002451 + camera-type eye skin gland + camera-type eye skin glands + camera-type eye skin glands set + skin gland of camera-type eye + skin gland of vertebrate eye + skin glands of camera-type eye + skin glands of vertebrate eye + skin glands set of camera-type eye + skin glands set of vertebrate eye + vertebrate eye skin gland + vertebrate eye skin glands + vertebrate eye skin glands set + uberon + UBERON:0003605 + + eye skin gland + + + + + A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37530 + MA:th + + + + + camera-type eye skin gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + camera-type eye skin glands + OBOL:automatic + + + + + camera-type eye skin glands set + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin gland of camera-type eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin gland of vertebrate eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin glands of camera-type eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin glands of vertebrate eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin glands set of camera-type eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin glands set of vertebrate eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebrate eye skin gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebrate eye skin glands + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebrate eye skin glands set + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. + MA:0002859 + adult aorta elastic connective tissue + adult aorta elastic tissue + adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus + aorta elastic connective tissue + aorta elastic lamina + aorta elastic laminae + aorta textus connectivus elasticus + dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue + dorsal aorta elastic tissue + dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus + elastic connective tissue of adult aorta + elastic connective tissue of aorta + elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta + elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree + elastic tissue of adult aorta + elastic tissue of aorta + elastic tissue of dorsal aorta + elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree + textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta + textus connectivus elasticus of aorta + textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta + textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree + trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue + trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue + trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus + uberon + UBERON:0003609 + + aorta elastic tissue + + + + + The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. + MP:0009862 + + + + + adult aorta elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult aorta elastic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + aorta elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + aorta elastic lamina + MP:0009862 + + + + + aorta elastic laminae + MP:0009862 + + + + + + aorta textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal aorta elastic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of dorsal aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. + MA:0002858 + cardiac elastic tissue + elastic connective tissue of heart + elastic tissue of heart + heart elastic connective tissue + heart textus connectivus elasticus + textus connectivus elasticus of heart + uberon + UBERON:0003610 + + heart elastic tissue + + + + + The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. + MP:0009863 + + + + + cardiac elastic tissue + MP:0009863 + + + + + elastic connective tissue of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37579 + MA:0001820 + apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue + apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue + apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus + elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + elastic connective tissue of respiratory system + elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius + elastic tissue of respiratory system + respiratory system elastic connective tissue + respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus + textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius + textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0003611 + respiratory system elastic tissue + + + + + An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37579 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0002857 + cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue + cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus + circulatory system elastic connective tissue + circulatory system elastic tissue + circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus + elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system + elastic connective tissue of circulatory system + elastic tissue of cardiovascular system + elastic tissue of circulatory system + textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system + textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system + uberon + UBERON:0003613 + cardiovascular system elastic tissue + + + + + An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + circulatory system elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + circulatory system elastic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of circulatory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of cardiovascular system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of circulatory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. + elastic lamina + elastic laminae + EMAPA:36300 + MA:0002856 + blood vessel elastic connective tissue + blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus + elastic connective tissue of blood vessel + elastic tissue of blood vessel + textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel + vascular elastic lamina + vascular elastic laminae + vascular elastic tissue + uberon + UBERON:0003614 + + blood vessel elastic tissue + + + + + Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mammalian-phenotype-requests/2026/ + + + + + elastic lamina + MP:0006083 + + + + + elastic laminae + MP:0006083 + + + + + + blood vessel elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular elastic lamina + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vascular elastic laminae + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + vascular elastic tissue + MP:0006083 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0002860 + elastic connective tissue of lung + elastic tissue of lung + lung elastic connective tissue + lung textus connectivus elasticus + textus connectivus elasticus of lung + pulmonary elastic fiber + uberon + UBERON:0003615 + lung elastic tissue + + + + + Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic connective tissue of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + elastic tissue of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lung elastic connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lung textus connectivus elasticus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus elasticus of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary elastic fiber + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. + EMAPA:35138 + FMA:74433 + MA:0002903 + SCTID:48467007 + adult aorta tunica media + dorsal aorta tunica media + trunk of aortic tree tunica media + tunica media of adult aorta + tunica media of aorta + tunica media of dorsal aorta + tunica media of trunk of aortic tree + uberon + UBERON:0003618 + + aorta tunica media + + + + + The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. + MP:0009873 + + + + + adult aorta tunica media + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal aorta tunica media + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree tunica media + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica media of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica media of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica media of dorsal aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica media of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. + BTO:0005553 + EMAPA:35137 + FMA:74419 + MA:0002904 + SCTID:362031007 + adult aorta tunica intima + dorsal aorta tunica intima + trunk of aortic tree tunica intima + tunica intima of adult aorta + tunica intima of aorta + tunica intima of dorsal aorta + tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree + uberon + UBERON:0003619 + + aorta tunica intima + + + + + The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. + MP:0009872 + + + + + adult aorta tunica intima + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal aorta tunica intima + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree tunica intima + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica intima of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica intima of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica intima of dorsal aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37565 + MA:0001800 + uberon + UBERON:0003643 + respiratory system arterial blood vessel + + + + + An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37565 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]. + the BTO class may possibly refer to an invertebrate structure + AAO:0000081 + BTO:0001905 + EMAPA:37759 + MA:0000699 + SCTID:113230005 + caudal muscle + muscle organ of post-vent region + muscle organ of tail + post-vent region muscle organ + tail muscle + tail muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0003665 + post-anal tail muscle + + + + + A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + the BTO class may possibly refer to an invertebrate structure + BTO + + + + + EMAPA:37759 + MA:th + + + + + muscle organ of post-vent region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of tail + OBOL:automatic + + + + + post-vent region muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tail muscle + MA:0000699 + + + + + tail muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). + in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity + EFO:0000213 + EMAPA:36505 + FMA:12266 + GAID:17 + MA:0003057 + MESH:D034841 + NCIT:C12664 + SCTID:361294009 + UMLS:C0230168 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity + galen:AbdominalCavity + cavity of abdominal compartment + cavity of compartment of abdomen + space of abdominal compartment + uberon + cavitas abdominis + UBERON:0003684 + + abdominal cavity + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). + UBERON:cjm + + + + + in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0230168 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Cavity + + + + + cavity of abdominal compartment + FMA:12266 + + + + + cavity of compartment of abdomen + FMA:12266 + + + + + space of abdominal compartment + FMA:12266 + + + + + cavitas abdominis + GAID:17 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. + Foramen in the occipital region of neurocranium to allow passage of spinal cord.[TAO] + AAO:0010826 + BTO:0006035 + EMAPA:37868 + FMA:75306 + GAID:228 + MESH:D005539 + NCIT:C12495 + SCTID:244679008 + TAO:0002045 + UMLS:C0016519 + Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum + ZFA:0005387 + uberon + UBERON:0003687 + + + Design pattern notes: check whether this fits the foramen design pattern + foramen magnum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray130.png + + + + + In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum + + + + + Foramen in the occipital region of neurocranium to allow passage of spinal cord.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002045 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + BTO:0006035 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + EMAPA:37868 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0016519 + ncithesaurus:Foramen_Magnum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. + FMA:25524 + GAID:250 + MESH:D001268 + NCIT:C32157 + SCTID:361832004 + UMLS:C0004168 + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + atlanto axial joint + atlantoaxial joint + uberon + articulatio atlantoaxialis + articulatio atlantoepistrophica + atlantoaxial + lateral atlanto-axial joint + median atlanto-axial joint + UBERON:0003694 + + atlanto-axial joint + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png + + + + + The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + UMLS:C0004168 + ncithesaurus:Atlanto-axial_Joint + + + + + atlanto axial joint + GAID:250 + + + + + atlantoaxial joint + GAID:250 + + + + + articulatio atlantoaxialis + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + articulatio atlantoepistrophica + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + atlantoaxial + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + lateral atlanto-axial joint + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + median atlanto-axial joint + Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. + EMAPA:37064 + FMA:10429 + FMA:259054 + GAID:26 + MESH:D034861 + NCIT:C77608 + SCTID:181613000 + UMLS:C0836916 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall + paries abdominalis + wall of abdomen + wall of abdomen proper + uberon + abdominal wall proper + layers of the abdominal wall + paries abdominalis + UBERON:0003697 + + abdominal wall + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + + + + + The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall + + + + + EMAPA:37064 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0836916 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall + + + + + paries abdominalis + Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall + + + + + wall of abdomen + FMA:259054 + + + + + wall of abdomen proper + FMA:10429 + + + + + abdominal wall proper + FMA:10429 + + + + + layers of the abdominal wall + Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall + + + + + paries abdominalis + Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall + + + + + + + + + + Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. + includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct + + FMA:14678 + GAID:281 + MA:0002659 + MESH:D017734 + NCIT:C32573 + SCTID:276158002 + UMLS:C0206187 + uberon + bile duct extrahepatic part + extrahepatic biliary system + UBERON:0003703 + + + extrahepatic bile duct + + + + + Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. + MESH:A03.159.183.079 + + + + + UMLS:C0206187 + ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct + + + + + bile duct extrahepatic part + MA:0002659 + + + + + extrahepatic biliary system + GAID:281 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. + includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts + Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] + FMA:15766 + GAID:287 + MA:0001630 + MESH:D001653 + NCIT:C12677 + SCTID:362193005 + TAO:0005169 + UMLS:C0005401 + ZFA:0005169 + bile duct intrahepatic part + uberon + intrahepatic biliary system + UBERON:0003704 + + + intrahepatic bile duct + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA + + + + + Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. + MESH:A03.159.183.158 + + + + + Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005169 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0005401 + ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct + + + + + bile duct intrahepatic part + MA:0001630 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. + + EHDAA2:0000182 + EHDAA:9868 + FMA:4723 + GAID:529 + MESH:D016121 + NCIT:C32816 + SCTID:181371003 + UMLS:C0006095 + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + galen:BrachiocephalicVein + brachiocephalic venous tree + innominate vein + uberon + innomiate vein + innominate trunk + innominate vein + innominate veins + vena brachiocephalica + venae anonyma + UBERON:0003711 + + brachiocephalic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png + + + + + The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0006095 + ncithesaurus:Innominate_Vein + + + + + brachiocephalic venous tree + FMA:4723 + + + + + innominate vein + FMA:4723 + + + + + innomiate vein + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate trunk + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate vein + GAID:529 + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate veins + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + vena brachiocephalica + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + + venae anonyma + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. + + EMAPA:37226 + FMA:14331 + GAID:541 + MA:0002164 + MESH:D013162 + NCIT:C33608 + SCTID:278029005 + UMLS:C0038001 + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + galen:SplenicVein + vena splenica + uberon + lienal vein + vena lienalis + UBERON:0003713 + + splenic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Gray1189.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bilebladder.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37226 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0038001 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein + + + + + vena splenica + FMA:14331 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lienal vein + MA:0002164 + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + + + + + vena lienalis + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] + FMA definition includes vasculature + AAO:0000325 + AEO:0000123 + EHDAA2:0003123 + FMA:9642 + GAID:609 + MESH:D009417 + NCIT:C13052 + SCTID:91728009 + UMLS:C0027757 + nerve tissue + nervous tissue + portion of neural tissue + uberon + UBERON:0003714 + neural tissue + + + + + Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. + FMA:9642 + + + + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000325 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + FMA definition includes vasculature + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0027757 + ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue + + + + + nerve tissue + FMA:9642 + + + + + nervous tissue + FMA:9642 + + + + + portion of neural tissue + FMA:9642 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. + All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers + BAMS:spn + EMAPA:37959 + FMA:5883 + GAID:800 + MESH:D013153 + SCTID:264198001 + Wikipedia:Splanchnic_nerves + uberon + splanchnic nerves + visceral nerve + UBERON:0003715 + + splanchnic nerve + + + + + The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. + MP:0008318 + + + + + EMAPA:37959 + MA:th + + + + + splanchnic nerves + BAMS:spn + + + + + visceral nerve + Wikipedia:Splanchnic_nerves + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. + FMA:5860 + GAID:857 + MESH:D013900 + SCTID:360498003 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_nerves + neuronames:1725 + nervus thoracis + thoracic spinal nerve + uberon + nervi thoracici + pectoral nerve + UBERON:0003726 + thoracic nerve + + + + + The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. + MESH:A08.800.800.720.800 + + + + + nervus thoracis + FMA:5860 + FMA:TA + + + + + + thoracic spinal nerve + FMA:5860 + + + + + nervi thoracici + Wikipedia:Thoracic_nerves + + + + + + pectoral nerve + GAID:857 + + + + + + + + + The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:18227 + FMA:6028 + GAID:858 + MESH:D007367 + NCIT:C32825 + SCTID:279568001 + UMLS:C1285089 + Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves + anterior ramus of thoracic nerve + anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve + ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus + thoracic anterior ramus + ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve + uberon + nervi intercostales + UBERON:0003727 + intercostal nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray819.png + + + + + The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves + + + + + UMLS:C1285089 + ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Nerve + + + + + anterior ramus of thoracic nerve + FMA:6028 + + + + + anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve + FMA:6028 + + + + + ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus + FMA:6028 + + + + + thoracic anterior ramus + FMA:6028 + + + + + ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve + FMA:6028 + + + + + nervi intercostales + Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. + this is defined as any mucous membrane of the mouth - including palate, lips, uvula, etc. ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal. In future we may split into masticatory/keratinized (gingiva + hard palate) vs lining/non-keratinized (lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate). FMA distinguishes between mucosa of mouth and region of mouth (the latter including the buccal mucosa) + the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. + BTO:0002860 + CALOHA:TS-0716 + EMAPA:26937 + FMA:59660 + GAID:951 + MA:0002794 + MESH:D009061 + NCIT:C77637 + UMLS:C0026639 + Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa + mouth mucosa + mouth mucous membrane + mouth organ mucosa + mucosa of mouth + mucous membrane of mouth + oral mucous membrane + oral part of viscerocranial mucosa + tunica mucosa oris + uberon + buccal mucosa + mucosal lining of mouth + oral mucosa + tunica mucosa oris + UBERON:0003729 + + mouth mucosa + + + + + A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. + Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa + + + + + UMLS:C0026639 + ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa + + + + + mouth mucosa + FMA:59660 + + + + + mouth mucous membrane + OBOL:accepted + + + + + mouth organ mucosa + OBOL:accepted + + + + + mucosa of mouth + OBOL:accepted + + + + + mucous membrane of mouth + FMA:59660 + + + + + oral part of viscerocranial mucosa + FMA:59660 + + + + + tunica mucosa oris + FMA:59660 + FMA:TA + + + + + + buccal mucosa + GAID:951 + + + + + mucosal lining of mouth + MA:0002794 + + + + + oral mucosa + GAID:951 + + + + + tunica mucosa oris + Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37265 + MA:0000562 + MESH:D013900 + SCTID:359876006 + nerve of thorax + thoracic segment nerve + thorax nerve + uberon + upper body nerve + UBERON:0003824 + nerve of thoracic segment + + + + + A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37265 + MA:th + + + + + nerve of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic segment nerve + MA:0000562 + + + + + thorax nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper body nerve + MA:0000562 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37061 + MA:0000528 + abdominal segment nerve + uberon + UBERON:0003825 + nerve of abdominal segment + + + + + A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37061 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment nerve + MA:0000528 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37247 + MA:0000559 + SCTID:426649006 + bone of thorax + bone organ of thorax + thorax bone + thorax bone organ + uberon + upper body bone + UBERON:0003827 + thoracic segment bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37247 + MA:th + + + + + bone of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper body bone + MA:0000559 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37058 + MA:0000525 + abdominal segment of trunk bone + abdominal segment of trunk bone organ + bone of abdominal segment of trunk + bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0003828 + abdominal segment bone + + + + + A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37058 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk bone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk bone organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0000561 + muscle organ of thorax + thorax muscle organ + uberon + upper body muscle + UBERON:0003830 + thoracic segment muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper body muscle + MA:0000561 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35733 + MA:0001828 + apparatus respiratorius muscle organ + muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius + muscle organ of respiratory system + respiratory system muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0003831 + respiratory system muscle + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + merge muscle and muscle layer? + EMAPA:26983 + MA:0002682 + SCTID:360961009 + esophageal muscle + esophagus muscle organ + gullet muscle organ + muscle organ of esophagus + muscle organ of gullet + muscle organ of oesophagus + oesophagus muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0003832 + esophagus muscle + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gullet muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37060 + MA:0000527 + abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ + muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0003833 + abdominal segment muscle + + + + + A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37060 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37238 + MA:0000558 + blood vessel of thorax + thorax blood vessel + uberon + upper body blood vessel + UBERON:0003834 + thoracic segment blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37238 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper body blood vessel + MA:0000558 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37057 + MA:0000524 + abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel + blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0003835 + abdominal segment blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37057 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37063 + FMA:264898 + MA:0000530 + abdominal segment of trunk skin + skin of abdominal segment of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0003836 + abdominal segment skin + + + + + A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37063 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37253 + MA:0000560 + connective tissue of thorax + portion of connective tissue of thorax + textus connectivus of thorax + thorax connective tissue + thorax portion of connective tissue + thorax textus connectivus + uberon + upper body connective tissue + UBERON:0003837 + thoracic segment connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37253 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of thorax + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thorax textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper body connective tissue + MA:0000560 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37059 + MA:0000526 + abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue + abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue + abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus + connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk + portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk + textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk + uberon + UBERON:0003838 + abdominal segment connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37059 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0005713 + AAO:0011073 + EHDAA2:0001269 + EHDAA:2889 + EHDAA:914 + EMAPA:16167 + VHOG:0001119 + XAO:0000252 + cavity of neural tube + lumen of neural tube + neural tube neural lumen + prosencoel + uberon + central lumen + neural lumen + neurocoel + UBERON:0003842 + neural tube lumen + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001119 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + cavity of neural tube + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lumen of neural tube + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neural tube neural lumen + EHDAA2:0001269 + + + + + neural lumen + EHDAA:2889 + + + + + neurocoel + VHOG:0001119 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA2:0000719 + EHDAA:8703 + SCTID:278192008 + VHOG:0001340 + Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein + gonad vein + gonada vein + vein of gonad + vein of gonada + uberon + UBERON:0003848 + gonadal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png + + + + + In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein + + + + + gonad vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + EFO:0003591 + EHDAA2:0001101 + EHDAA:360 + TAO:0000935 + VHOG:0000796 + ZFA:0000935 + mesencephalic neural crest + neural crest midbrain + uberon + UBERON:0003849 + + + mesencephalic neural crest + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000796 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + mesencephalic neural crest + ZFA:0000935 + + + + + neural crest midbrain + ZFA:0000935 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. + Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001628 + EHDAA:362 + EMAPA:35747 + TAO:0007063 + VHOG:0001210 + ZFA:0007063 + neural crest hindbrain + rhombencephalic neural crest + uberon + rhombomere neural crest + UBERON:0003852 + + rhombencephalon neural crest + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0007063 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001210 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + neural crest hindbrain + ZFA:0007063 + + + + + rhombencephalic neural crest + ZFA:0007063 + + + + + rhombomere neural crest + EMAPA:35747 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA:696 + EMAPA:16163 + EMAPA:16881 + VHOG:0001006 + neural crest spinal cord + uberon + spinal neural crest + UBERON:0003853 + spinal cord neural crest + + + + + A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001006 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + neural crest spinal cord + VHOG:0001006 + + + + + spinal neural crest + VHOG:0001006 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. + Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] + FMA:312957 + TAO:0007021 + VHOG:0000439 + ZFA:0007021 + neural plate of spinal cord + uberon + UBERON:0003854 + spinal cord neural plate + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000439 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000439 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + neural plate of spinal cord + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA:5012 + EMAPA:16858 + EMAPA:17385 + VHOG:0001090 + gonada mesenchyme + mesenchyme of gonad + mesenchyme of gonada + uberon + UBERON:0003855 + + gonad mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada mesenchyme + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. + uberon + UBERON:0003869 + presumptive ganglion + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. + future coelomic cavity lumen + uberon + body cavity precursor + UBERON:0003886 + + + future coelemic cavity lumen + + + + + An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. + consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults + (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA:251 + EMAPA:16088 + NCIT:C34195 + UMLS:C1512940 + VHOG:0000316 + Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom + somatic coelom + uberon + UBERON:0003887 + + intraembryonic coelom + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. + MGI:anna + MP:0012187 + + + + + (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000316 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.166 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1512940 + ncithesaurus:Intraembryonic_Coelom + + + + + somatic coelom + Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. + stromal + FMA:81494 + NCIT:C67387 + UMLS:C0927195 + uberon + stromal connective tissue + UBERON:0003891 + + stroma + + + + + Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0927195 + ncithesaurus:Stroma_Connective_Tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. + consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ + AAO:0011058 + BTO:0003391 + EFO:0002577 + EFO:0003428 + EHDAA2:0000744 + EHDAA:973 + EMAPA:16847 + NCIT:C34277 + TAO:0000124 + UMLS:C0734013 + UMLS:C1514451 + XAO:0003266 + ZFA:0000124 + embryological hepatic plate + primordium of the liver + uberon + hepatic plate + liver bud + liver endoderm + UBERON:0003894 + + + + liver primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + XAO + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ventral foregut endoderm + Zaret 1996 + + + + + A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. + ISBN:3211492755 + + + + + UMLS:C0734013 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Cord + + + + + UMLS:C1514451 + ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver + + + + + embryological hepatic plate + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + primordium of the liver + ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver + + + + + hepatic plate + EHDAA2:0000744 + + + + + liver bud + XAO:0003266 + ZFA:0000124 + + + + + + liver endoderm + EFO:0002577 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. + EHDAA:5982 + EMAPA:18167 + MA:0003153 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 + TAO:0001954 + uberon + UBERON:0003897 + + axial muscle + + + + + One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. + HP:0003327 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. + SCTID:244848007 + skeletal muscle of torso + skeletal muscle tissue of torso + skeletal muscle tissue of trunk + torso skeletal muscle + torso skeletal muscle tissue + trunk skeletal muscle + trunk skeletal muscle tissue + uberon + UBERON:0003898 + skeletal muscle tissue of trunk + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + skeletal muscle of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of torso + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + torso skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011095 + BTO:0000929 + CALOHA:TS-0685 + EHDAA2:0001253 + EHDAA:4763 + EMAPA:17171 + EMAPA:18590 + FMA:58628 + MA:0000277 + NCIT:C33166 + TAO:0000046 + UMLS:C1518263 + VHOG:0000535 + XAO:0003216 + ZFA:0000046 + neural layer of retina + neural retina + neuroretina + stratum nervosum (retina) + stratum nervosum retinae + uberon + neural retinal epithelium + UBERON:0003902 + + + + retinal neural layer + + + + + + + + + + Bgee:AN + + + + + The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. + GO:0003407 + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000535 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1518263 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Retina + + + + + neural layer of retina + FMA:58628 + + + + + neural retina + XAO:0003216 + ZFA:0000046 + + + + + neuroretina + ZFA:0000046 + + + + + stratum nervosum (retina) + FMA:58628 + + + + + stratum nervosum retinae + FMA:58628 + FMA:TA + + + + + + neural retinal epithelium + MA:000027 + + + + + + + + + + Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. + Fenestrated blood vessel endothelium with pores that are large enough for blood cells to pass. The basal lamina and gap junctions may be discontinuous.[TAO] + sinusoidal + some sources give discontinuous capillary as synonym but this may be a subtype - see FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). + FMA:63131 + SCTID:340163004 + TAO:0005261 + Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel) + ZFA:0005261 + sinusoidal blood vessel + sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium + uberon + endothelium of irregular blood filled space + sinusoidal capillary + sinusoidal endothelium + UBERON:0003909 + + sinusoid + + + + + + Wikipedia-inconsistent + + + + + + Wikipedia + ZFA + + + + + Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. + Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel) + + + + + Fenestrated blood vessel endothelium with pores that are large enough for blood cells to pass. The basal lamina and gap junctions may be discontinuous.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005261 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + some sources give discontinuous capillary as synonym but this may be a subtype - see FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). + FMA + + + + + sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium + ZFA:0005261 + + + + + sinusoidal capillary + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=13986 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers + AEO:0000114 + EHDAA2:0003114 + FBbt:00007474 + epithelial or endothelial tube + uberon + UBERON:0003914 + epithelial tube + + + + + Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. + GO:0060562 + PMID:12526790 + + + + + FBbt:00007474 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. + uberon + UBERON:0003915 + endothelial tube + + + + + Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. + + EMAPA:35932 + FMA:86188 + MA:0000066 + segment of venous tree organ + venous tree organ segment + uberon + UBERON:0003920 + + Compare to: vein + venous blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. + http://www.thefreedictionary.com/venous+blood+vessel + + + + + segment of venous tree organ + FMA:86188 + + + + + venous tree organ segment + FMA:86188 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. + in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds + revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' + EFO:0002579 + EFO:0003434 + EHDAA2:0001382 + EHDAA:2163 + EMAPA:17066 + FMA:79792 + TAO:0000254 + XAO:0001101 + ZFA:0000254 + pancreatic primordium + uberon + pancreatic anlage + pancreatic endoderm + primordial pancreas + UBERON:0003921 + + + pancreas primordium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. + Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development + + + + + in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds + EHDAA2 + + + + + pancreatic anlage + ZFA:0000254 + + + + + pancreatic endoderm + EFO:0002579 + + + + + primordial pancreas + FMA:79792 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. + EFO:0003470 + EMAPA:35645 + NCIT:C34242 + SCTID:360398004 + TAO:0001390 + UMLS:C1283285 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + ZFA:0001390 + pancreatic bud + pancreatic buds + uberon + pancreas epithelium + pancreatic anlage + UBERON:0003922 + + pancreatic epithelial bud + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development + + + + + + zebrafish + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + + + + + + EHDAA2-inferred + + + + + The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. + PMID:16417468 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + + + + + UMLS:C1283285 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Bud + + + + + pancreatic bud + ZFA:0001390 + + + + + pancreatic buds + TAO:0001390 + + + + + + pancreas epithelium + EMAPA:35645 + + + + + + + + + + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. + The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] + In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011031 + EFO:0003465 + EHDAA2:0001385 + EMAPA:17067 + SCTID:361435005 + TAO:0001370 + VHOG:0001428 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + XAO:0000467 + ZFA:0001370 + pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud + pancreas primordium dorsal bud + primary pancreatic bud + uberon + dorsal pancreas anlage + dorsal pancreatic anlage + posterior pancreatic anlage + posterior pancreatic bud + UBERON:0003923 + + + dorsal pancreatic bud + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + XAO + + + + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + + + + + The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011031 + AAO + XAO:curator + + + + + In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001428 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA, Dong PD, Beis D, Stainier DY, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003), DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M, Bouchareb-Banaei L, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud + EHDAA2:0001385 + + + + + primary pancreatic bud + XAO:0000467 + + + + + + + + + + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. + In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] + the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. + AAO:0011111 + EFO:0003464 + EHDAA2:0001389 + EMAPA:17256 + SCTID:361437002 + TAO:0001369 + VHOG:0001429 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + XAO:0001103 + ZFA:0001369 + pancreas primordium ventral bud + pancreas ventral primordium duct bud + uberon + anterior pancreatic anlage + anterior pancreatic bud + ventral pancreas anlage + ventral pancreatic anlage + UBERON:0003924 + + + ventral pancreatic bud + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + WP + + + + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud + + + + + In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001429 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA, Dong PD, Beis D, Stainier DY, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003), DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M, Bouchareb-Banaei L, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + pancreas ventral primordium duct bud + EHDAA2:0001389 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + TAO:0005162 + ZFA:0005162 + duct of digestive system + duct of gastrointestinal system + gastrointestinal system duct + uberon + UBERON:0003928 + digestive system duct + + + + + A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duct of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duct of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastrointestinal system duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. + Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] + + BTO:0000956 + EHDAA2:0004567 + EMAPA:32928 + FBbt:00047166 + MA:0003201 + NCIT:C12963 + TAO:0005123 + UMLS:C0836205 + XAO:0003200 + ZFA:0005123 + digestive tract epithelial tissue + epithelial tissue of digestive tract + epithelial tissue of gut + epithelium of digestive tract + epithelium of gut + gastrodermis + gut epithelial tissue + gut epithelium + uberon + alimentary tract epithelium + UBERON:0003929 + digestive tract epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005123 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + FBbt:00047166 + + + + + + UMLS:C0836205 + ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium + + + + + digestive tract epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of digestive tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of gut + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of digestive tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of gut + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastrodermis + NCBITaxon:6073 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 + + + + + + gut epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gut epithelium + EHDAA2:0004567 + MA:0003201 + ZFA:0005123 + + + + + alimentary tract epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. + EFO:0003690 + TAO:0001461 + ZFA:0001461 + cartilage of chondrocranium + cartilaginous element of chondrocranium + chondrocranium cartilage + neurocranium cartilage + uberon + UBERON:0003932 + + cartilage element of chondrocranium + + + + + A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cartilage of chondrocranium + OBOL:accepted + + + + + cartilaginous element of chondrocranium + OBOL:accepted + + + + + chondrocranium cartilage + ZFA:0001461 + + + + + neurocranium cartilage + ZFA:0001461 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. + Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO] + TAO:0001458 + ZFA:0001458 + cartilage of cranium + cranium cartilage + uberon + cranial cartilages + UBERON:0003933 + cranial cartilage + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. + ZFA:0001458 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001458 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cartilage of cranium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cranium cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cranial cartilages + ZFA:0001458 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. + BTO:0006162 + MA:0001751 + genitalia gland + gland of genitalia + gland of reproductive system + reproductive gland + reproductive system gland + sex gland + uberon + UBERON:0003937 + + + reproductive gland + + + + + Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. + MP:0000653 + + + + + BTO:0006162 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + genitalia gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of genitalia + MP:0000653 + + + + + gland of reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive gland + MA:0001751 + + + + + reproductive system gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sex gland + MP:0000653 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. + The neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals + MP defines this in a may more appropriate to somatosensory cortex + UBERON:0014511 + EMAPA:37954 + NLXANAT:090818 + Wikipedia:Somatosensory_system + neuronames:2887 + somatic sensory system + system for detection of somatic senses + uberon + UBERON:0003942 + + somatosensory system + + + + + The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. + NLXANAT:090818 + + + + + The neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals + MP:0000959 + + + + + MP defines this in a may more appropriate to somatosensory cortex + MP + + + + + EMAPA:37954 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + + anterior stroma + EMAPA:37414 + cornea anterior stroma + uberon + UBERON:0003952 + + + anterior stroma of cornea + + + + + + lexical + + + + + The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + MP:0003093 + + + + + anterior stroma + MP:0003093 + + + + + EMAPA:37414 + MA:th + + + + + cornea anterior stroma + MP:0003093 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + posterior stroma + EMAPA:37415 + cornea posterior stroma + uberon + UBERON:0003953 + + posterior stroma of cornea + + + + + The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + MP:0003094 + + + + + posterior stroma + MP:0003094 + + + + + EMAPA:37415 + MA:th + + + + + cornea posterior stroma + MP:0003094 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. + EMAPA:37841 + cutaneous elastic fiber + dermal elastic fiber + uberon + UBERON:0003967 + + cutaneous elastic tissue + + + + + The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. + MP:0008418 + + + + + EMAPA:37841 + MA:th + + + + + cutaneous elastic fiber + MP:0008418 + + + + + dermal elastic fiber + MP:0008418 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. + + BTO:0003099 + FMA:45654 + SCTID:303518005 + female internal genitalia + internal female genital organ + internal genitalia of female reproductive system + uberon + organa genitalia feminina interna + UBERON:0003975 + + + + TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 + internal female genitalia + + + + + The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. + MP:0009209 + + + + + female internal genitalia + FMA:45654 + + + + + internal female genital organ + BTO:0003099 + + + + + internal genitalia of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organa genitalia feminina interna + BTO:0003099 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. + uberon + UBERON:0004015 + + embryonic-extraembryonic boundary + + + + + The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. + MP:0003890 + + + + + + + + + + + A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. + Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. + AAO:0011028 + AEO:0001017 + BTO:0006248 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 + EHDAA:1719 + EHDAA:1725 + EHDAA:1731 + EHDAA:1737 + EMAPA:32838 + FMA:295656 + NCIT:C61572 + UMLS:C0180383 + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(embryology) + XAO:0000220 + cutis plate + dermatomal mesenchyme + uberon + epimere mesoderm + mesenchyma dermatomiale + UBERON:0004016 + + dermatome + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Gray64.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO-text + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. + AEO:0001017 + AEO:JB + + + + + BTO:0006248 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0180383 + ncithesaurus:Dermatome + + + + + cutis plate + Wikipedia:Cutis_plate + + + + + dermatomal mesenchyme + Wikipedia:Cutis_plate + + + + + mesenchyma dermatomiale + Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. + As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] + germinal neuroepithelial layer + germinal neuroepithelium + original neural tube + uberon + UBERON:0004022 + + germinal neuroepithelium + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. + MP:0004261 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + germinal neuroepithelial layer + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + germinal neuroepithelium + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + original neural tube + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. + + In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) + BTO:0002840 + EMAPA:37440 + TAO:0005164 + ZFA:0005164 + bile ductule + biliary ductule + ductuli biliferi + uberon + bile capillary + biliary ductule + cholangiole + terminal cholangiole + UBERON:0004058 + + + biliary ductule + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. + BTO:0002840 + MP:0009494 + + + + + In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) + ZFA + + + + + EMAPA:37440 + MA:th + + + + + bile ductule + BTO:0002840 + + + + + biliary ductule + http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi + + + + + ductuli biliferi + http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi + + + + + bile capillary + BTO:0002840 + + + + + biliary ductule + BTO:0002840 + + + + + cholangiole + BTO:0002840 + + + + + terminal cholangiole + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. + consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure + The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen + ependymal layer + EMAPA:17152 + EMAPA:35362 + EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 + MA:0003193 + neural tube ependymal layer + neural tube ventricular germinal zone + neural tube ventricular zone + neural tube ependymal zone + uberon + UBERON:0004060 + + neural tube ventricular layer + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. + MP:0009689 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen + MP:0009689 + + + + + ependymal layer + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube ependymal layer + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube ventricular germinal zone + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube ventricular zone + MP:0009689 + + + + + neural tube ependymal zone + MP:0009689 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. + EMAPA:17148 + EMAPA:35360 + neuronames:1367 + neural tube intermediate zone + uberon + future brain marginal layer + UBERON:0004061 + + neural tube mantle layer + + + + + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + + by division + NCBIBook:NBK10047 + + + + + The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. + MP:0009690 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube intermediate zone + MP:0009690 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + future brain marginal layer + EMAPA:35360 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. + EMAPA:17151 + neuronames:1368 + neural tube marginal zone + uberon + brain marginal zone + UBERON:0004062 + + neural tube marginal layer + + + + + + + + + + forms from axons + + + + + The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. + MP:0009691 + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube marginal zone + MP:0009691 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. + AAO:0010561 + EFO:0001904 + NCIT:C34111 + UMLS:C1511061 + Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) + neuronames:1372 + basal plate + basal plate of neural tube + spinal cord basal plate + uberon + motor part of neural tube + ventral part of neural tube + UBERON:0004064 + + + neural tube basal plate + + + + + + + + + + Shh + Swenson + + + + + The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. + MP:0009693 + Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + UMLS:C1511061 + ncithesaurus:Basal_Plate + + + + + basal plate of neural tube + Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) + + + + + spinal cord basal plate + MP:0009693 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. + UBERON:0006237 + EHDAA2:0000578 + EHDAA:4778 + EMAPA:16681 + FMA:293101 + NCIT:C34182 + SCTID:361486000 + UMLS:C1517321 + VHOG:0001319 + Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence + embryonic frontonasal prominence + uberon + forebrain prominence + frontonasal mass + frontonasal process + prominentia frontonasalis + UBERON:0004066 + + frontonasal prominence + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray44.png + + + + + The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. + MP:0009901 + + + + + UMLS:C1517321 + ncithesaurus:Frontonasal_Prominence + + + + + embryonic frontonasal prominence + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + forebrain prominence + MP:0009901 + + + + + frontonasal mass + MP:0009901 + + + + + frontonasal process + MP:0009901 + + + + + prominentia frontonasalis + Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. + Fusion of right and left medial nasal processes forms a primary palate rostrally and the nasal septum caudally. The incisive bone, including upper incisor teeth and the rostral up- per lip, are derived from the primary palate. The nasal septum consists of bone, cartilage, and a patch of soft tissue membrane that separates right & left halves of the nasal cavity. + EHDAA2:0001076 + EHDAA:4792 + EMAPA:16808 + FMA:295858 + SCTID:308877001 + VHOG:0000804 + Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence + medial nasal process + medial-nasal process + prominentia nasalis medialis + uberon + medial nasal swelling + nasomedial prominence + UBERON:0004068 + + medial nasal prominence + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray45.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. + MP:0009903 + Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence + + + + + medial nasal process + EHDAA2:0001076 + + + + + medial-nasal process + EMAPA:16808 + + + + + prominentia nasalis medialis + Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence + + + + + + medial nasal swelling + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + nasomedial prominence + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + AAO:0010215 + BTO:0001438 + EMAPA:18415 + FMA:321896 + GAID:547 + MA:0000068 + MESH:D014684 + NCIT:C12817 + SCTID:244405007 + UMLS:C0042460 + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + uberon + caval vein + venae cavae + UBERON:0004087 + + vena cava + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta,_trachea,_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Heart_numlabels.png + + + + + Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0042460 + ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava + + + + + venae cavae + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. + note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature. The FMA also has FMA:72951 orbital part of eye + in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. + FMA:260119 + content of orbital part of eye + eye region + orbital part of face + uberon + ocular and peri-ocular region + ocular region + orbital content + orbital part of eye + UBERON:0004088 + + orbital region + + + + + The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. + HP:0000284 + + + + + content of orbital part of eye + FMA:260119 + + + + + eye region + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + orbital part of face + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + orbital content + FMA:260119 + + + + + orbital part of eye + FMA:72951 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. + this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface. + midfacial + EMAPA:32806 + FMA:285406 + MA:0001910 + uberon + lower face + midface/lower face + snout + UBERON:0004089 + + midface + + + + + The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. + HP:0000309 + http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/midface + + + + + snout + MA:0001910 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. + + + + FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature + AEO:0000080 + EHDAA2:0003080 + FMA:242873 + SCTID:346902003 + Wikipedia:Foramen + foramen + foramina + uberon + opening + ostia + ostium + UBERON:0004111 + + anatomical conduit + + + + + Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature + FMA + + + + + foramen + EHDAA2:0003080 + + + + + foramina + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + ostia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + ZFA:0005568 + iris blood vessels + iris vascular network + iris vasculature + vascular network of iris + uberon + UBERON:0004118 + + vasculature of iris + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iris blood vessels + ZFA:0005568 + + + + + iris vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. + Grouping term for query purposes + uberon + UBERON:0004119 + + endoderm-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. + Grouping term for query purposes + mesodermal derivative + uberon + UBERON:0004120 + + mesoderm-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mesodermal derivative + FBbt:00025998 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. + Grouping term for query purposes + ectodermal deriviative + uberon + UBERON:0004121 + + ectoderm-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + ectodermal deriviative + FBbt:00025990 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] + Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + genitourinary + urogenital + AAO:0000624 + BILA:0000122 + BTO:0003091 + EFO:0003864 + EHDAA:1013 + EMAPA:16367 + EV:0100094 + FMA:280610 + GAID:362 + MESH:D014566 + NCIT:C12810 + SCTID:278861008 + UMLS:C0042066 + VHOG:0000286 + XAO:0000140 + galen:GenitoUrinarySystem + urogenital system + uberon + GU tract + UG tract + Urogenitalsystem + genito-urinary system + genitourinary tract + urogenital tract + UBERON:0004122 + + + genitourinary system + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. + VHOG:0000286 + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000624 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000624 + AAO + + + + + Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000286 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.633 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042066 + ncithesaurus:Genitourinary_System + + + + + Urogenitalsystem + BTO:0003091 + + + + + genito-urinary system + FMA:280610 + + + + + urogenital tract + BTO:0003091 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. + EMAPA:37475 + MA:0000080 + layer of myocardium + myocardium layer + uberon + UBERON:0004123 + + + myocardial layer + + + + + Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37475 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. + The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the the endocardium. Unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae of the zebrafish have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + EFO:0003706 + MA:0002866 + TAO:0005059 + ZFA:0005059 + myocardial trabecular layer + trabecular layer + uberon + heart muscle trabecula + heart muscle trabeculae + myocardial trabeculae carneae + trabecula of heart muscle + trabeculae + UBERON:0004124 + + + myocardium trabecular layer + + + + + The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. + ZFA:0005059 + + + + + The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the the endocardium. Unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae of the zebrafish have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005059 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + trabecular layer + ZFA:0005059 + + + + + heart muscle trabeculae + + + + + + myocardial trabeculae carneae + + + + + + trabeculae + TAO:0005059 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + TODO - check FMA + FMA:83511 + TAO:0005060 + ZFA:0005060 + myocardium of region of ventricle + trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle + ventricular trabecular myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0004126 + + trabecular layer of ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium of region of ventricle + FMA:83511 + + + + + trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle + GO:0003222 + + + + + ventricular trabecular myocardium + GO:0003222 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011039 + EHDAA2:0001320 + EMAPA:16540 + FMA:293357 + NCIT:C34236 + SCTID:362864008 + TAO:0000050 + UMLS:C0231106 + VHOG:0000165 + Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles + XAO:0000228 + ZFA:0000050 + uberon + evagination + eye vesicle + ocular vesicle + optic vesicles + UBERON:0004128 + + + Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288] + optic vesicle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Gray863.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + GO-def + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. + GO:0003404 + Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000165 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0231106 + ncithesaurus:Optic_Vesicle + + + + + eye vesicle + XAO:0000228 + + + + + ocular vesicle + VHOG:0000165 + + + + + optic vesicles + ZFA:0000050 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0004133. Please replace it using linked reference. + salivary nucleus + uberon + UBERON:0004133 + salivatory nucleus + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0004133. Please replace it using linked reference. + GO:0021751 + + + + + salivary nucleus + GO:0021751 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. + TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO + (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000215 + EMAPA:16106 + VHOG:0000975 + myocardial plate + uberon + cardiac crescent + cardiogenic crescent + heart rudiment + UBERON:0004139 + + cardiogenic plate + + + + + The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. + GO:0003142 + + + + + (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000975 + VHOG + PMID:15611355 Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Bartelings MM, Deruiter MC, Poelmann RE, Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatric Research (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + myocardial plate + EHDAA2:0000215 + + + + + cardiac crescent + EMAPA:16106 + + + + + cardiogenic crescent + GO:0003142 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. + this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] + XAO:0004185 + first heart field + primary heart field + uberon + FHF + PHF + heart field + UBERON:0004140 + primary heart field + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO:0003128 + + + + + + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 + + + + + A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. + GO:0003138 + GOC:mtg_heart + GOC:rl + + + + + this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] + GO + + + + + first heart field + XAO:0004185 + + + + + primary heart field + PMID:17276708 + XAO:0004185 + + + + + FHF + XAO:0004185 + + + + + + PHF + XAO:0004185 + + + + + + heart field + XAO:0004185 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. + AAO:0010411 + EFO:0003526 + EMAPA:32685 + NCIT:C34161 + TAO:0000360 + XAO:0000337 + ZFA:0000360 + embryonic heart tube + endocardial heart tube + endocardial tube + uberon + UBERON:0004141 + + + + heart tube + + + + + + + + + + ZFA-modified + + + + + An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. + GO:0003143 + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. + MP:0012700 + + + + + embryonic heart tube + GO:0003143 + + + + + endocardial heart tube + MP:0012700 + + + + + endocardial tube + XAO:0000337 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. + XAO:0004141 + uberon + UBERON:0004142 + outflow tract septum + + + + + The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. + GO:0003148 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + Depending on the species, attached at the cardiac outflow are described the conus arteriosus, the truncus arteriosus and, or the bulbus arteriosus. At the distal limit of these outflow structures, but lying outside the pericardial cavity, is the ventral aorta[PMID:20735616] + EHDAA2:0001351 + EHDAA:464 + EHDAA:798 + EMAPA:16346 + MA:0000100 + VHOG:0000670 + XAO:0004139 + cardiac outflow tract + heart outflow tract + uberon + arterial (outflow) pole + UBERON:0004145 + + outflow tract + + + + + The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. + GO:0003151 + + + + + cardiac outflow tract + PMID:20735616 + + + + + arterial (outflow) pole + PMID:20735616 + + + + + + + + + + + + + The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + the intraventricular conduction system from the bundle of His to the distal Purkinje fibers, which carries the impulse to the ventricles. + HPS + His-Purkinji network + VCS + ventricular conduction system + uberon + UBERON:0004146 + His-Purkinje system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + GO-def + + + + + + GO + + + + + + PMID:12626327 + PMID:21234997 + github:michaelerice + + + + + The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. + GO:0003164 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/12451 + + + + + the intraventricular conduction system from the bundle of His to the distal Purkinje fibers, which carries the impulse to the ventricles. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/His-Purkinje+system + + + + + HPS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. + EHDAA2:0004507 + EMAPA:37137 + FMA:12846 + NCIT:C12878 + NCIT:C12882 + SCTID:277726009 + UMLS:C0226654 + UMLS:C0226737 + Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation + ZFA:0005814 + galen:CoronaryVein + cardiac vein + coronary vein + heart vein + vein of heart + uberon + coronary vein + UBERON:0004148 + + cardiac vein + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37137 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226654 + ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226737 + ncithesaurus:Coronary_Vein + + + + + cardiac vein + FMA:12846 + + + + + coronary vein + ZFA:0005814 + + + + + heart vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + coronary vein + Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. + FMA:7095 + SCTID:276456008 + chamber of heart + heart chamber + uberon + UBERON:0004151 + generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus + cardiac chamber + + + + + A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. + GO:0003205 + + + + + + + + + + + An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. + propepicardial + Proepicardial clusters in Zebrafish form on the pericardial wall, adjacent to the atrioventricular (AV) junction and near the venous pole[ZFA] + EMAPA:36025 + ZFA:0005808 + proepicardial cluster + proepicardial organ + uberon + UBERON:0004160 + proepicardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + todo check other taxa + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. + GO:0003342 + http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proepicardium + + + + + proepicardial cluster + ZFA:0005808 + + + + + proepicardial organ + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080218-16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. + A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. + in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum + EHDAA2:0001829 + EHDAA:736 + EMAPA:16318 + FMA:295593 + NCIT:C34296 + SCTID:308819008 + UMLS:C0231004 + VHOG:0000019 + Wikipedia:Septum_transversum + transverse septum + uberon + UBERON:0004161 + + septum transversum + + + + + A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. + VHOG:0000019 + Wikipedia:Septum_transversum + + + + + A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000019 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transverse+septum + + + + + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000019 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C0231004 + ncithesaurus:Septum_Transversum + + + + + transverse septum + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. + + FMA:45652 + internal genitalia + internal genitals + uberon + internal reproductive organ + internal sex organ + UBERON:0004175 + + + + TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 + internal genitalia + + + + + The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. + GO:0035260 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. + FMA:45643 + SCTID:362207005 + external genitalia + uberon + external reproductive organ + external sex organ + UBERON:0004176 + + + TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 + external genitalia + + + + + The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. + GO:0035261 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. + consider splitting out lymph organ, compare with lymph node + the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. + the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term + BTO:0004605 + EMAPA:37665 + FMA:7143 + MA:0000747 + SCTID:361338006 + haematological system organ + haemopoietic system organ + hematopoeitic organ + hematopoietic system organ + organ of haematological system + organ of haemopoietic system + organ of hematopoietic system + organ of organa haemopoietica + organa haemopoietica organ + hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ + lymph organ + lymphoid organ + uberon + UBERON:0004177 + + + hemopoietic organ + + + + + Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. + GOC:Obol + + + + + the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. + http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs + + + + + the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37665 + MA:th + + + + + haematological system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + haemopoietic system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hematopoietic system organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of haematological system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of haemopoietic system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of hematopoietic system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ of organa haemopoietica + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organa haemopoietica organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymph organ + MA:0000747 + + + + + lymphoid organ + BTO:0004605 + FMA:7143 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. + BTO:0001685 + CALOHA:TS-0048 + EFO:0002775 + EMAPA:35135 + MA:0000702 + NCIT:C49191 + UMLS:C1706825 + aorta non-striated muscle + aorta smooth muscle + aortic smooth muscle + uberon + UBERON:0004178 + + + aorta smooth muscle tissue + + + + + The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. + MGI:csmith + MP:0009865 + + + + + UMLS:C1706825 + ncithesaurus:Aorta_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + aorta non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + aorta smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + aortic smooth muscle + BTO:0001685 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. + EMAPA:32930 + endodermal gut + gut endoderm + uberon + UBERON:0004185 + endodermal part of digestive tract + + + + + A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. + GO:0061031 + + + + + gut endoderm + EMAPA:32930 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37268 + MA:0000497 + nerve of back + uberon + UBERON:0004215 + back nerve + + + + + A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37268 + MA:th + + + + + nerve of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + EMAPA:35469 + MA:0001547 + involuntary muscle of large intestine + large intestine involuntary muscle + large intestine non-striated muscle + large intestine smooth muscle tissue + non-striated muscle of large intestine + smooth muscle of large intestine + smooth muscle tissue of large intestine + uberon + UBERON:0004220 + large intestine smooth muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + consider merging + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + MA + + + + + involuntary muscle of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large intestine smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of large intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + BTO:0000643 + EMAPA:35441 + EMAPA:35443 + MA:0001539 + NCIT:C49243 + UMLS:C1708547 + bowel involuntary muscle + bowel non-striated muscle + bowel smooth muscle + bowel smooth muscle tissue + intestine involuntary muscle + intestine non-striated muscle + intestine smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of bowel + involuntary muscle of intestine + non-striated muscle of bowel + non-striated muscle of intestine + smooth muscle of bowel + smooth muscle of intestine + smooth muscle tissue of bowel + smooth muscle tissue of intestine + uberon + intestinal muscularis + intestinal smooth muscle + UBERON:0004221 + + intestine smooth muscle + + + + + + + + + + consider merging + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + MA + + + + + UMLS:C1708547 + ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + bowel involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bowel smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestine smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinal muscularis + EMAPA:35441 + + + + + intestinal smooth muscle + BTO:0000643 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0001818 + EMAPA:35823 + MA:0001627 + involuntary muscle of stomach + involuntary muscle of ventriculus + non-striated muscle of stomach + non-striated muscle of ventriculus + smooth muscle of stomach + smooth muscle of ventriculus + smooth muscle tissue of stomach + smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus + stomach involuntary muscle + stomach non-striated muscle + stomach smooth muscle tissue + ventriculus involuntary muscle + ventriculus non-striated muscle + ventriculus smooth muscle + ventriculus smooth muscle tissue + uberon + gastric muscle + gastric smooth muscle + stomach muscle + UBERON:0004222 + stomach smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventriculus smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric muscle + BTO:0001818 + + + + + gastric smooth muscle + MA:0001627 + + + + + stomach muscle + BTO:0001818 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0001660 + EMAPA:35734 + MA:0001830 + respiratory smooth muscle + smooth muscle of respiratory system + uberon + airway smooth muscle + airway smooth muscle cell + UBERON:0004225 + respiratory system smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory smooth muscle + BTO:0001660 + + + + + smooth muscle of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + airway smooth muscle + BTO:0001660 + + + + + airway smooth muscle cell + BTO:0001660 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35117 + MA:0001523 + smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system + uberon + UBERON:0004226 + gastrointestinal system smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37394 + MA:0001532 + anal part of perineum involuntary muscle + anal part of perineum non-striated muscle + anal part of perineum smooth muscle + anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue + anal region involuntary muscle + anal region non-striated muscle + anal region smooth muscle tissue + anal triangle involuntary muscle + anal triangle non-striated muscle + anal triangle smooth muscle + anal triangle smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum + involuntary muscle of anal region + involuntary muscle of anal triangle + non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum + non-striated muscle of anal region + non-striated muscle of anal triangle + smooth muscle of anal part of perineum + smooth muscle of anal region + smooth muscle of anal triangle + smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum + smooth muscle tissue of anal region + smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle + uberon + UBERON:0004231 + anal region smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37394 + MA:th + + + + + anal part of perineum involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal part of perineum non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal part of perineum smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35520 + MA:0002410 + involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract + lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle + lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle + lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue + non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract + smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract + smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract + uberon + UBERON:0004233 + lower respiratory tract smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + see notes for muscle of iris. + BTO:0000655 + EMAPA:35448 + FMA:312338 + MA:0001270 + involuntary muscle of iris + iridial smooth muscle + iris involuntary muscle + iris non-striated muscle + iris smooth muscle tissue + non-striated muscle of iris + smooth muscle of iris + smooth muscle tissue of iris + uberon + UBERON:0004234 + iris smooth muscle + + + + + + MA + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iridial smooth muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + iris involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iris non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iris smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36287 + FMA:312251 + MA:0000706 + uberon + UBERON:0004236 + arteriole smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. + + Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension. + UBERON:0010508 + BTO:0001431 + CALOHA:TS-1107 + EMAPA:35177 + MA:0000710 + MESH:D009131 + NCIT:C33853 + TAO:0005321 + UMLS:C1519956 + Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle + ZFA:0005321 + blood vessel involuntary muscle + blood vessel non-striated muscle + blood vessel smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of blood vessel + non-striated muscle of blood vessel + smooth muscle of blood vessel + smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel + vascular smooth muscle + vascular smooth muscle tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004237 + + + blood vessel smooth muscle + + + + + Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. + Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C1519956 + ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + blood vessel involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular smooth muscle + ZFA:0005321 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35807 + MA:0000757 + involuntary muscle of spleen + non-striated muscle of spleen + smooth muscle of spleen + smooth muscle tissue of spleen + spleen involuntary muscle + spleen non-striated muscle + spleen smooth muscle tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004238 + spleen smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of spleen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of spleen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of spleen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of spleen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spleen involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spleen non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spleen smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + EMAPA:35783 + MA:0001559 + involuntary muscle of small bowel + involuntary muscle of small intestine + non-striated muscle of small bowel + non-striated muscle of small intestine + small bowel involuntary muscle + small bowel non-striated muscle + small bowel smooth muscle + small bowel smooth muscle tissue + small intestine involuntary muscle + small intestine non-striated muscle + small intestine smooth muscle tissue + smooth muscle of small bowel + smooth muscle of small intestine + smooth muscle tissue of small bowel + smooth muscle tissue of small intestine + uberon + UBERON:0004239 + + small intestine smooth muscle + + + + + + + + + + consider merging + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa + MA + + + + + involuntary muscle of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small bowel smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + small intestine smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of small bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of small intestine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35373 + MA:0001635 + NCIT:C49483 + UMLS:C1708179 + gall bladder involuntary muscle + gall bladder non-striated muscle + gall bladder smooth muscle + gall bladder smooth muscle tissue + gallbladder involuntary muscle + gallbladder non-striated muscle + gallbladder smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of gall bladder + involuntary muscle of gallbladder + non-striated muscle of gall bladder + non-striated muscle of gallbladder + smooth muscle of gall bladder + smooth muscle of gallbladder + smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder + smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder + uberon + biliary smooth muscle + UBERON:0004240 + gallbladder smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708179 + ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + gall bladder involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary smooth muscle + MA:0001635 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37708 + MA:0000492 + involuntary muscle of outflow tract + non-striated muscle of outflow tract + outflow tract involuntary muscle + outflow tract non-striated muscle + outflow tract smooth muscle tissue + smooth muscle of outflow tract + smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract + uberon + UBERON:0004246 + outflow tract smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37708 + MA:th + + + + + involuntary muscle of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. + this class may be obsoleted. See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/93 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern + EMAPA:37248 + MA:0000494 + uberon + back bone + bone of back + dorsal region bone + UBERON:0004247 + + bone of dorsum + + + + + A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37248 + MA:th + + + + + back bone + MA:0000494 + + + + + bone of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + dorsal region bone + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. + review as part of general integumentary system review - part of skin, or more generally, integumental system + in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only + UBERON:0015797 + EMAPA:18187 + EMAPA:35776 + MA:0002710 + MA:0003139 + integumental system muscle + muscle of integumental system + muscle organ of skin + skin muscle organ + uberon + UBERON:0004253 + skin muscle + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only + MA + + + + + integumental system muscle + MA:0003139 + + + + + muscle of integumental system + EMAPA:18187 + + + + + muscle organ of skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin muscle organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37243 + MA:0000493 + blood vessel of back + uberon + UBERON:0004258 + back blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37243 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + (...) (theme) is how the vertebrate cardiovascular system differs from that of the presumptive evolutionary chordate ancestor. (...) At best we can tell there are two essential new ingredients: (1) vertebrates all have a continuous endothelial lining to the heart and vessels and (2) vertebrates have developed a second chamber in the heart, one designed for generating high systemic blood pressure.[uncertain][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001358 + EMAPA:35623 + MA:0000489 + VHOG:0000603 + cardiac muscle of outflow tract + heart muscle of outflow tract + heart myocardium of outflow tract + muscle of heart of outflow tract + myocardium of outflow tract + outflow tract cardiac muscle + outflow tract heart muscle + outflow tract heart myocardium + outflow tract muscle of heart + uberon + UBERON:0004265 + outflow tract myocardium + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + (...) (theme) is how the vertebrate cardiovascular system differs from that of the presumptive evolutionary chordate ancestor. (...) At best we can tell there are two essential new ingredients: (1) vertebrates all have a continuous endothelial lining to the heart and vessels and (2) vertebrates have developed a second chamber in the heart, one designed for generating high systemic blood pressure.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000603 + VHOG + PMID:9187138 Fishman MC, Chien KR, Fashioning the vertebrate heart: earliest embryonic decisions. Development (1997) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + cardiac muscle of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart muscle of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart myocardium of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle of heart of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + myocardium of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract cardiac muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract heart muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract heart myocardium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow tract muscle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37256 + MA:0000495 + uberon + mesenchyne of back + UBERON:0004267 + back connective tissue + + + + + A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37256 + MA:th + + + + + mesenchyne of back + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37707 + MA:0000491 + pericardium of outflow tract + uberon + UBERON:0004271 + outflow tract pericardium + + + + + A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37707 + MA:th + + + + + pericardium of outflow tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle that is part of the eye region. + AAO:0000156 + EMAPA:35335 + MA:0000271 + uberon + UBERON:0004277 + + eye muscle + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + A muscle that is part of the eye region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] + skeletal + AEO:0000168 + EHDAA2:0001843 + EHDAA:5047 + EMAPA:17213 + FMA:23875 + GAID:177 + MA:0003006 + MAT:0000032 + MESH:D012863 + MIAA:0000032 + SCTID:361378004 + VSAO:0000026 + Wikipedia:Skeleton + XAO:0004053 + galen:Skeleton + set of all bones + set of bones of body + uberon + UBERON:0004288 + + + + + skeleton + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. + VSAO:0000026 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000026 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. + Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. + Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] + Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] + all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. + Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010572 + AEO:0000214 + EHDAA2:0003259 + EMAPA:31109 + FMA:295654 + NCIT:C34140 + TAO:0001513 + UMLS:C1511786 + VHOG:0000676 + ZFA:0001513 + uberon + dermamyotome + dermomyotomes + UBERON:0004290 + dermomyotome + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + EHDAA2 + ZFA + + + + + The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. + AEO:0000214 + + + + + Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768 + + + + + Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001513 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010572 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dermomyotome + + + + + Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000676 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05079.x Devoto SH, Stoiber W, Hammond CL, Steinbacher P, Haslett JR, Barresi MJF, Patterson SE, Adiarte EG and Hughes SM, Generality of vertebrate developmental patterns: evidence for a dermomyotome in fish. Evolution and Development (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1511786 + ncithesaurus:Dermomyotome + + + + + dermamyotome + VHOG:0000676 + + + + + dermomyotomes + VHOG:0000676 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. + The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] + TAO:0000115 + ZFA:0000115 + heart cone + rudimentary heart + uberon + UBERON:0004291 + heart rudiment + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. + GO:0003313 + + + + + The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000115 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + heart cone + GO:0003313 + + + + + rudimentary heart + ZFA:0000115 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. + It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support[WP] + EMAPA:36645 + FMA:9496 + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + cardiac fibrous skeleton + fibrous skeleton of heart + heart fibrous skeleton + skeleton of heart + uberon + anulus fibrosus dexter cordis + anulus fibrosus sinister cordis + trigona fibrosa + trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis + trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis + UBERON:0004292 + cardiac skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png + + + + + Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. + GO:0003204 + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + cardiac fibrous skeleton + EMAPA:36645 + + + + + heart fibrous skeleton + GO:0003204 + + + + + skeleton of heart + FMA:9496 + + + + + anulus fibrosus dexter cordis + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + + anulus fibrosus sinister cordis + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + + trigona fibrosa + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + + trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + + trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis + Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37573 + MA:0001806 + smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004297 + respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle + + + + + A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37573 + MA:th + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. + distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources + The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] + (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + trophectodermal + BTO has this has part of the trophoblast + BTO:0001840 + EHDAA2:0002091 + EHDAA:56 + EMAPA:16046 + VHOG:0000979 + uberon + UBERON:0004345 + + + trophectoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. + MP:0005028 + + + + + The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000979 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000979 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676685 Romer AS, Parsons TS, Vertebrate body (1977) p.105-106 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + BTO has this has part of the trophoblast + BTO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. + EHDAA:938 + EMAPA:16322 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 + VHOG:0001296 + uberon + UBERON:0004348 + + optic eminence + + + + + The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. + MP:0006305 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. + note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. + Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] + Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] + relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] + The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold + maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop + AAO:0010760 + EMAPA:32744 + NCIT:C34109 + TAO:0002146 + UMLS:C1516037 + Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge + XAO:0004121 + ZFA:0001702 + apical epidermal ridge + uberon + AER + crista ectodermalis apicalis + UBERON:0004356 + + apical ectodermal ridge + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Limbbuddiagram.jpg + + + + + Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. + MP:0001676 + Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge + + + + + Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010760 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002146 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002146 + TAO + + + + + The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold + PMID:20574421 + + + + + UMLS:C1516037 + ncithesaurus:Apical_Ectodermal_Ridge + + + + + apical epidermal ridge + XAO:0004121 + + + + + AER + MP:0001676 + + + + + crista ectodermalis apicalis + Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. + The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] + VHOG:0001258 + limb - fin bud + paired appendage bud + paired limb/fin bud + uberon + UBERON:0004357 + + Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] + paired limb/fin bud + + + + + An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. + ISBN:9780878932504 + MP:0005650 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001258 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/jez.1100 Wagner GP, Chiu C, The tetrapod limb: A hypothesis on its origin. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + limb - fin bud + VHOG:0001258 + + + + + paired limb/fin bud + VHOG:0001258 + + + + + + + + + The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. + The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] + the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + 1 + AAO:0010364 + CALOHA:TS-2089 + EHDAA2:0000006 + EHDAA:573 + EMAPA:16118 + FMA:293019 + MFMO:0000095 + NCIT:C34175 + SCTID:308767008 + TAO:0001595 + UMLS:C1517197 + VHOG:0000296 + Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch + XAO:0000097 + ZFA:0001612 + 1st pharyngeal arch + branchial arch 1 + first branchial arch + first pharyngeal arch + first visceral arch + mandibular arch + visceral arch 1 + uberon + 1st arch + 1st visceral arch + arcus pharyngeus primus + UBERON:0004362 + + + + pharyngeal arch 1 + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png + + + + + The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010364 + AAO + XAO:EJS + + + + + the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery + MP:0006337,MGI:smb + + + + + A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000296 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1517197 + ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Arch + + + + + branchial arch 1 + + + + + + first branchial arch + + + + + + first visceral arch + + + + + + visceral arch 1 + + + + + + 1st arch + EHDAA2:0000006 + + + + + 1st visceral arch + VHOG:0000296 + + + + + arcus pharyngeus primus + Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. + add specific artery derivatives + Do not confuse with arch of aorta. + Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + Number varies - Lampreys have 8, hagfishes 15; only up to 6 appear in embryonic development in most gnathostome fishes and all tetrapods + The third, fourth, and sixth arches, along with the seventh intersegmental arteries and the left dorsal aorta, are the primary contributors to the normal aortic arch and its major thoracic branches + UBERON:0004342 + AAO:0010414 + EFO:0003695 + EHDAA2:0000186 + EHDAA:398 + EHDAA:7327 + EMAPA:16684 + NCIT:C32123 + TAO:0005004 + UMLS:C0003489 + VHOG:0000122 + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches + XAO:0000341 + ZFA:0005004 + PAA + aortic arch + aortic arches + branchial aortic arches + branchial arch artery + embryonic aortic arch artery + pharyngeal arch artery + uberon + a. arcuum pharyngeorum + aortic arch artery + arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum + branchial aortic arches + pharyngeal arch arteries + pharyngeal arch artery + UBERON:0004363 + + + + + pharyngeal arch artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray473.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + abduced from EHDAA2 + + + + + One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. + MP:0002672 + + + + + Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000122 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+arches + + + + + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000122 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0003489 + ncithesaurus:Aortic_Arch + + + + + PAA + MP:0002672 + + + + + + aortic arch + ZFA:0005004 + + + + + aortic arches + ZFA:0005004 + + + + + + branchial aortic arches + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 + + + + + + branchial arch artery + EMAPA:16684 + + + + + embryonic aortic arch artery + EMAPA:16684 + MP:0002672 + + + + + pharyngeal arch artery + MP:0002672 + + + + + a. arcuum pharyngeorum + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches + + + + + + aortic arch artery + EMAPA:16684 + + + + + arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum + Wikipedia:Aortic_arches + + + + + + branchial aortic arches + ZFA:0005004 + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 + + + + + + pharyngeal arch arteries + + + + + + pharyngeal arch artery + VHOG:0000122 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta. + derivative of the early postimplantation trophoblast, which probably gives rise to the spongiotrophoblast. + BTO:0001715 + EMAPA:16059 + epamniotic cone + placenta - ectoplacental cone + uberon + UBERON:0004364 + + ectoplacental cone + + + + + Thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta. + MP:0001717 + PMID:19829370 + + + + + derivative of the early postimplantation trophoblast, which probably gives rise to the spongiotrophoblast. + PMID:19829370 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. + EMAPA:36494 + uberon + UBERON:0004365 + + vitelline blood vessel + + + + + Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. + Acellular anatomical structure composed of collagen, Descemet's membrane is secreted as a basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. Located between the stroma and the corneal endothelium, it is approximately 0.15 micrometer thick at 6 months post-fertilization.[ZFIN] + + + EMAPA:18804 + FMA:58309 + GAID:894 + MA:0001246 + MESH:D003886 + NCIT:C32454 + SCTID:281076002 + TAO:0002157 + UMLS:C0011665 + Wikipedia:Descemet%27s_membrane + ZFA:0001686 + Descemet membrane + Descemet's posterior elastic lamina + lamina limitans posterior + lamina limitans posterior corneae + posterior limiting lamina + posterior limiting lamina of cornea + posterior limiting membrane + uberon + UBERON:0004367 + + + The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) + Descemet's membrane + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/15 + + + + + + + + + + Cline et al + + + + + + lexical + + + + + A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. + MP:0004285 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/15 + + + + + Acellular anatomical structure composed of collagen, Descemet's membrane is secreted as a basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. Located between the stroma and the corneal endothelium, it is approximately 0.15 micrometer thick at 6 months post-fertilization.[ZFIN] + 2016-05-01 + TAO:0002157 + ZFIN + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 + + + + + UMLS:C0011665 + ncithesaurus:Descemet_s_Membrane + + + + + Descemet's posterior elastic lamina + FMA:58309 + + + + + lamina limitans posterior + FMA:58309 + + + + + lamina limitans posterior corneae + FMA:58309 + FMA:TA + + + + + + posterior limiting lamina + MA:0001246 + + + + + posterior limiting lamina of cornea + FMA:58309 + + + + + posterior limiting membrane + ZFA:0001686 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. + Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] + Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals + FMA:58273 + MA:0001240 + NCIT:C32226 + SCTID:281075003 + TAO:0002155 + UMLS:C0229127 + Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_membrane + ZFA:0001684 + Bowman's anterior elastic lamina + Bowman's layer + Bowman's membrane + anterior elastic lamina + anterior limiting lamina + anterior limiting lamina of cornea + lamina limitans anterior (cornea) + lamina limitans anterior corneae + uberon + Reichert's membrane + anterior limiting membrane + UBERON:0004370 + + + anterior limiting lamina of cornea + + + + + A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. + ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane + + + + + Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002155 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + + + + + UMLS:C0229127 + ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane + + + + + Bowman's anterior elastic lamina + FMA:58273 + + + + + Bowman's layer + FMA:58273 + + + + + Bowman's membrane + FMA:58273 + + + + + anterior elastic lamina + ZFA:0001684 + + + + + anterior limiting lamina + MA:0001240 + + + + + anterior limiting lamina of cornea + FMA:58273 + + + + + lamina limitans anterior (cornea) + FMA:58273 + + + + + lamina limitans anterior corneae + FMA:58273 + FMA:TA + + + + + + Reichert's membrane + http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2956371&group_id=76834&atid=974957 + + + + + + anterior limiting membrane + ZFA:0001684 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. + Wikipedia:Vitelline_circulation + uberon + omphalomesenteric system + vitelline bloos vessel system + vitelline system + UBERON:0004374 + + vitelline vasculature + + + + + Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + omphalomesenteric system + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vitelline bloos vessel system + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vitelline system + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. + appendage bone + bone of appendage + bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton + uberon + UBERON:0004375 + + bone of free limb or fin + + + + + A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. + In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar) + it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below + EMAPA:37722 + MA:0002869 + XAO:0003077 + uberon + presacral vertebra + UBERON:0004451 + + trunk or cervical vertebra + + + + + A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. + UBERONREF:0000006 + + + + + it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below + XAO + + + + + EMAPA:37722 + MA:th + + + + + presacral vertebra + MA:0002869 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An embryo at the neurula stage. + UBERON:0007013 + BILA:0000061 + BTO:0001766 + NCIT:C34229 + UMLS:C1518306 + neurula + uberon + UBERON:0004455 + neurula embryo + + + + + An embryo at the neurula stage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1518306 + ncithesaurus:Neurula + + + + + neurula + BTO:0001766 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. + note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs + FMA:78499 + sense organ system + uberon + UBERON:0004456 + + entire sense organ system + + + + + Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + sense organ system + FMA:78499 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:18171 + FMA:71287 + head musculature + muscle group of head + muscles of head + musculi capitis + set of muscles of head + uberon + UBERON:0004461 + + This class is restricted to skeletal muscles that attach to the cranial skeleton. This seems to be consistent with FMA and EMAPA usage. Note that by definition this excludes invertebrate head musculature. It corresponds to the individual muscle organ term UBERON:0002376 + skeletal musculature of head + https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/4 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1405 + + + + + Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head musculature + FMA:71287 + + + + + muscle group of head + FMA:71287 + + + + + muscles of head + FMA:71287 + + + + + musculi capitis + FMA:71287 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of muscles of head + FMA:71287 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm + BTO:0000508 + EMAPA:37260 + FMA:71293 + muscle group of thorax + muscles of thorax + musculi thoracis + set of muscles of thorax + thoracic musculature + uberon + UBERON:0004464 + + musculature of thorax + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm + BTO + + + + + EMAPA:37260 + MA:th + + + + + muscle group of thorax + FMA:71293 + + + + + muscles of thorax + FMA:71293 + + + + + musculi thoracis + FMA:71293 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of muscles of thorax + FMA:71293 + + + + + thoracic musculature + FMA:71293 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + AAO:0000091 + EMAPA:36050 + FMA:71290 + MESH:D009334 + cervical muscles + muscle group of neck + muscles of neck + musculi cervicis + musculi colli + neck musculature + set of muscles of neck + uberon + UBERON:0004465 + + musculature of neck + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cervical muscles + AAO:0000091 + + + + + muscle group of neck + FMA:71290 + + + + + muscles of neck + FMA:71290 + + + + + musculi cervicis + FMA:71290 + FMA:TA + + + + + + musculi colli + FMA:71290 + FMA:TA + + + + + + neck musculature + FMA:71290 + + + + + set of muscles of neck + FMA:71290 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:33061 + muscle group of vertebral column + uberon + UBERON:0004468 + set of muscles of vertebral column + + + + + muscle group of vertebral column + FMA:33061 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:71291 + muscle group of back + muscles of back + musculi dorsi + set of muscles of back + uberon + UBERON:0004469 + musculature of back + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle group of back + FMA:71291 + + + + + muscles of back + FMA:71291 + + + + + musculi dorsi + FMA:71291 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of muscles of back + FMA:71291 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. + we merge two FMA classes here + UBERON:0004485 + UBERON:0005633 + AAO:0000427 + EHDAA2:0001429 + EMAPA:18184 + FMA:50205 + FMA:50248 + muscle group of pelvic girdle + muscle group of pelvis + pelvic girdle muscle system + pelvic girdle muscles + pelvic girdle musculature + set of muscles of pelvic girdle + uberon + muscular system of pelvis + set of muscles of pelvis + UBERON:0004470 + + musculature of pelvic girdle + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + we merge two FMA classes here + FMA + + + + + muscle group of pelvic girdle + FMA:50205 + + + + + muscle group of pelvis + FMA:50248 + + + + + pelvic girdle muscle system + EHDAA2:0001429 + + + + + pelvic girdle muscles + AAO:0000427 + + + + + pelvic girdle musculature + FMA:50205 + + + + + set of muscles of pelvic girdle + FMA:50205 + + + + + muscular system of pelvis + FMA:50248 + + + + + set of muscles of pelvis + FMA:50248 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. + AAO:0000423 + EMAPA:37857 + FMA:33519 + muscle group of pectoral girdle + pectoral girdle muscles + pectoral girdle musculature + set of muscles of pectoral girdle + uberon + UBERON:0004471 + + musculature of pectoral girdle + + + + + A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37857 + MA:th + + + + + muscle group of pectoral girdle + FMA:33519 + + + + + pectoral girdle muscles + AAO:0000423 + + + + + pectoral girdle musculature + FMA:33519 + + + + + set of muscles of pectoral girdle + FMA:33519 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. + originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose + FMA:71288 + entire facial musculature + facial muscles + muscle group of face + musculi faciei + uberon + set of facial muscles + set of muscles of face + UBERON:0004473 + + musculature of face + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + entire facial musculature + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + facial muscles + FMA:71288 + + + + + muscle group of face + FMA:71288 + + + + + musculi faciei + FMA:71288 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of facial muscles + FMA:71288 + + + + + set of muscles of face + FMA:71288 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + AAO:0011572 + EFO:0003531 + FMA:50187 + muscle group of trunk + set of muscles of trunk + uberon + muscular system of trunk + UBERON:0004479 + + + musculature of trunk + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle group of trunk + FMA:50187 + + + + + set of muscles of trunk + FMA:50187 + + + + + muscular system of trunk + FMA:50187 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + in GO, this is equivalent to the atrial myocardium, but FMA distinguishes these two. Consider merging. + FMA:7283 + atrial cardiac muscle tissue + atrial heart muscle + cardiac atrium muscle + uberon + atrial myocardium + UBERON:0004490 + cardiac muscle tissue of atrium + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in GO, this is equivalent to the atrial myocardium, but FMA distinguishes these two. Consider merging. + GO + + + + + atrial cardiac muscle tissue + GO:0055009 + + + + + atrial heart muscle + GO:0055009 + + + + + cardiac atrium muscle + GO:0055009 + + + + + atrial myocardium + GO:0055009 + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:84083 + interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue + interatrial septum heart muscle + interatrial septum muscle + interatrial septum myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0004491 + cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + interatrial septum heart muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + interatrial septum muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + interatrial septum myocardium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:226279 + cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue + cardiac septum heart muscle + cardiac septum muscle + cardiac septum myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0004492 + cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cardiac septum heart muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cardiac septum muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cardiac septum myocardium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. + Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship + EMAPA:32688 + FMA:261726 + MA:0002441 + uberon + UBERON:0004493 + + cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:261898 + uberon + UBERON:0004495 + skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. + FMA:22594 + vertebral column muscle + uberon + UBERON:0004518 + muscle of vertebral column + + + + + A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vertebral column muscle + FMA:22594 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:87123 + muscular organ vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0004521 + vasculature of muscle organ + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscular organ vasculature + FMA:87123 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:239607 + uberon + UBERON:0004522 + vasculature of musculoskeletal system + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:84429 + uberon + UBERON:0004525 + cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:84430 + uberon + UBERON:0004526 + cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. + we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. + + The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011001 + BILA:0000016 + BTO:0000088 + CALOHA:TS-1297 + EFO:0000791 + EHDAA2:0000216 + EHDAA:394 + EMAPA:16104 + EMAPA:16370 + EV:0100017 + FMA:7161 + GAID:467 + MA:0000010 + MAT:0000016 + MESH:D002319 + MIAA:0000016 + NCIT:C12686 + SCTID:278198007 + TAO:0000010 + UMLS:C0007226 + VHOG:0000302 + WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system + XAO:0000100 + XAO:0001010 + ZFA:0000010 + uberon + CV system + Herz und Gefaesssystem + UBERON:0004535 + + + + + + cardiovascular system + + + + + Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. + BTO:0000088 + + + + + The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000302 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.451 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0007226 + ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System + + + + + CV system + BTO:0000088 + + + + + Herz und Gefaesssystem + BTO:0000088 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. + + TAO:0001079 + ZFA:0001079 + blood vascular network + set of blood vessels + uberon + blood system + blood vessel system + blood vessels + UBERON:0004537 + + blood vasculature + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + blood vessels + TAO:0001079 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EMAPA:37362 + FMA:12515 + MA:0002949 + NCIT:C119334 + SCTID:362503005 + left eyeball + left orbital part of face + left orbital region + uberon + UBERON:0004548 + + left eye + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-eye-l.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-eye-l.glb + + + + + An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37362 + MA:th + + + + + left eyeball + FMA:12515 + + + + + left orbital part of face + FMA:54450 + + + + + left orbital region + FMA:54450 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EMAPA:37363 + FMA:12514 + MA:0002950 + NCIT:C119333 + SCTID:362502000 + right eyeball + right orbital part of face + right orbital region + uberon + UBERON:0004549 + + right eye + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-eye-r.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-eye-r.glb + + + + + An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37363 + MA:th + + + + + right eyeball + FMA:12514 + + + + + right orbital part of face + FMA:54449 + + + + + right orbital region + FMA:54449 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. + FMA:45623 + Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries + systemic arterial circulatory system + uberon + UBERON:0004571 + + systemic arterial system + + + + + + MA-inferred + + + + + The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. + Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + systemic arterial circulatory system + FMA:45623 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0004690 + EHDAA2:0000143 + EHDAA:396 + EMAPA:16201 + EMAPA:16371 + MA:0002719 + SCTID:362030008 + VHOG:0000273 + uberon + UBERON:0004572 + + + arterial system + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000273 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. + + EMAPA:37126 + FMA:66464 + Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries + systemic arterial subtree + uberon + UBERON:0004573 + + + systemic artery + + + + + An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. + Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37126 + MA:th + + + + + systemic arterial subtree + FMA:66464 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. + In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] + Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + FMA:45626 + Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system + systemic venous circulatory system + uberon + UBERON:0004581 + systemic venous system + + + + + The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system + + + + + In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] + Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system + + + + + Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] + FMA + FMA:45626 + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000277 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + systemic venous circulatory system + FMA:45626 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0004692 + EHDAA2:0002171 + EHDAA:486 + EMAPA:16240 + MA:0002720 + NCIT:C33858 + SCTID:362060003 + UMLS:C1267406 + VHOG:0000277 + vein system + uberon + UBERON:0004582 + + venous system + + + + + + MA + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000277 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1267406 + ncithesaurus:Venous_System + + + + + + + + + A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. + FMA class is not a subtype of muscle + FMA:75004 + NCIT:C28381 + UMLS:C1409894 + Wikipedia:Sphincter + sphincter + uberon + circular muscle + UBERON:0004590 + sphincter muscle + + + + + A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. + Wikipedia:Sphincter + + + + + FMA class is not a subtype of muscle + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C1409894 + ncithesaurus:Sphincter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. + + BTO:0000766 + CALOHA:TS-2155 + EMAPA:35176 + MA:0000709 + NCIT:C53395 + TAO:0005257 + UMLS:C1706972 + ZFA:0005257 + uberon + UBERON:0004638 + + + + blood vessel endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1706972 + ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. + should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] + + EMAPA:35499 + FMA:14471 + MA:0002494 + NCIT:C32732 + SCTID:362194004 + UMLS:C0227518 + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + hepatic lobule + lobuli hepatici + lobulus hepaticus + uberon + lobules of liver + lobuli hepatis + UBERON:0004647 + + + liver lobule + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + MA + + + + + The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0008987 + + + + + UMLS:C0227518 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Lobule + + + + + hepatic lobule + FMA:14471 + + + + + lobuli hepatici + + + + + + lobulus hepaticus + FMA:14471 + + + + + + lobules of liver + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + + + + + + lobuli hepatis + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. + EMAPA:35139 + FMA:14156 + MA:0002901 + aortic wall + wall of aorta + uberon + UBERON:0004663 + + aorta wall + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + aortic wall + FMA:14156 + + + + + wall of aorta + FMA:14156 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. + EMAPA:35136 + FMA:14283 + MA:0002902 + SCTID:24996002 + tunica adventitia of aorta + uberon + UBERON:0004664 + + aorta tunica adventitia + + + + + The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0009871 + + + + + tunica adventitia of aorta + FMA:14283 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. + The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum[GO:0003149]. + UBERON:0004143 + membranous septum + ventricle membranous septum + ventricular membranous septum + EHDAA2:0004596 + EMAPA:18246 + FMA:7135 + MA:0002939 + SCTID:278228007 + VHOG:0000927 + cardiac ventricular membranous septum + membranous interventricular septum + membranous part interventricular septum + membranous part of interventricular septum + membranous portion of interventricular septum + pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) + pars membranacea septi interventricularis + uberon + membranous interventricular septum + UBERON:0004666 + + interventricular septum membranous part + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. + MP:0008823 + + + + + The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum[GO:0003149]. + GO:0003149 + + + + + membranous septum + GO:0003149 + + + + + ventricle membranous septum + VT:0000018 + + + + + ventricular membranous septum + MP:0008823 + + + + + cardiac ventricular membranous septum + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + membranous interventricular septum + FMA:7135 + + + + + membranous part interventricular septum + VHOG:0000927 + + + + + membranous part of interventricular septum + FMA:7135 + + + + + membranous portion of interventricular septum + FMA:7135 + + + + + pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) + FMA:7135 + + + + + pars membranacea septi interventricularis + FMA:7135 + FMA:TA + + + + + + membranous interventricular septum + MA:0002939 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. + The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum[GO] + UBERON:0004144 + muscular septum + EHDAA2:0000885 + EHDAA:2607 + EMAPA:18247 + FMA:7134 + MA:0002940 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888 + cardiac ventricular muscular septum + muscular interventricular septum + muscular part interventricular septum + muscular part of interventricular septum + pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) + pars muscularis septi interventricularis + septum membranaceum + ventricular muscular septum + uberon + muscular interventricular septum + UBERON:0004667 + + interventricular septum muscular part + + + + + The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum#Portions + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum[GO] + GO:0003150 + + + + + muscular septum + GO:0003150 + + + + + cardiac ventricular muscular septum + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + muscular interventricular septum + FMA:7134 + + + + + muscular part of interventricular septum + FMA:7134 + + + + + pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) + FMA:7134 + + + + + pars muscularis septi interventricularis + FMA:7134 + FMA:TA + + + + + + septum membranaceum + + + + + + muscular interventricular septum + MA:0002940 + + + + + + + + + + + The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. + BAMS:RA + EMAPA:35721 + FMA:84017 + MA:0003147 + MESH:D011903 + NCIT:C97335 + NLXANAT:20090205 + TAO:0001429 + UMLS:C0034671 + Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei + ZFA:0001429 + neuronames:2495 + nuclei raphes + raphe nuclei + raphe nuclei set + uberon + nuclei raphes + raphe cluster + raphe nucleus + raphe of mesenchephalon + set of raphe nuclei + UBERON:0004684 + + we treat NR obscurus, NR magnus etc as parts of the raphe nuclei. This is consistent with treatment in FMA, where the class is 'set of raphe nuclei' + raphe nuclei + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO + Wikipedia + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. + NLXANAT:20090205 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3248146&group_id=36855&atid=440764 + + + + + UMLS:C0034671 + ncithesaurus:Raphe_Nuclei + + + + + nuclei raphes + FMA:84017 + FMA:TA + + + + + + raphe nuclei + FMA:84017 + NLXANAT:20090205 + + + + + raphe nuclei set + FMA:84017 + + + + + nuclei raphes + Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei + + + + + + raphe cluster + Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei + + + + + raphe nucleus + ZFA:0001429 + + + + + raphe of mesenchephalon + BAMS:RA + + + + + set of raphe nuclei + FMA:84017 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. + + EMAPA:37496 + FMA:10636 + MA:0001939 + SCTID:244225009 + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + costocervical trunk + trunk of costocervical artery + uberon + truncus costocervicalis + UBERON:0004688 + + costo-cervical trunk + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png + + + + + The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + + + + + EMAPA:37496 + MA:th + + + + + costocervical trunk + FMA:10636 + + + + + trunk of costocervical artery + FMA:10636 + + + + + truncus costocervicalis + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36503 + MA:0000704 + uberon + UBERON:0004695 + arterial system smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36613 + MA:0000715 + uberon + UBERON:0004696 + venous system smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37800 + MA:0000713 + NCIT:C49318 + UMLS:C1710623 + uberon + UBERON:0004698 + vena cava endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37800 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1710623 + ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] + MA:0000490 + VHOG:0001524 + uberon + UBERON:0004699 + outflow tract endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001524 + VHOG + DOI:10.1254/jjp.87.253 Shigei T, Tsuru H, Ishikawa N, Yoshioka K, Absence of endothelium in invertebrate blood vessels: significance of endothelium and sympathetic nerve/medial smooth muscle in the vertebrate vascular system. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35145 + MA:0000703 + NCIT:C49329 + UMLS:C1706849 + uberon + UBERON:0004700 + arterial system endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1706849 + ncithesaurus:Arterial_System_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35907 + MA:0000714 + NCIT:C49320 + UMLS:C1710626 + uberon + UBERON:0004701 + venous system endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1710626 + ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35732 + MA:0001805 + uberon + UBERON:0004702 + respiratory system blood vessel endothelium + + + + + A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. + TODO - check relationship to bulbus arteriosus + A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] + EHDAA2:0000197 + EHDAA:438 + EHDAA:768 + EMAPA:16333 + FMA:70300 + NCIT:C34114 + SCTID:361525002 + UMLS:C1284055 + Wikipedia:Bulbus_cordis + primitive right ventricle endocardium + uberon + UBERON:0004706 + + + bulbus cordis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gray466.png + + + + + A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010568 + + + + + A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000173 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C1284055 + ncithesaurus:Bulbus_Cordis + + + + + primitive right ventricle endocardium + EHDAA2:0000197 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. + this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. + UBERON:0009872 + VSAO:0000067 + girdle-associated appendage + limb or fin + limb/fin + pectoral or pelvic appendage + pelvic/pectoral appendage + jointed paired lateral appendage + paired appendage + uberon + UBERON:0004708 + + paired limb/fin + + + + + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + definitional + + + + + An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. + UBERON:cjm + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/9029 + + + + + girdle-associated appendage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + limb/fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pectoral or pelvic appendage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pelvic/pectoral appendage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + jointed paired lateral appendage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + paired appendage + VSAO:0000067 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. + UBERON:0009876 + posterior appendage + VSAO:0000126 + hindlimb/pelvic fin + pelvic appendage + pelvic limb/fin + posterior limb/fin + posterior paired appendage + uberon + UBERON:0004709 + + pelvic appendage + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + + lexical + + + + + Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. + VSAO:0000150 + + + + + hindlimb/pelvic fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pelvic appendage + VSAO:0000126 + + + + + pelvic limb/fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + posterior paired appendage + VSAO:0000126 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. + While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] + UBERON:0009875 + anterior appendage + VHOG:0001753 + VSAO:0000125 + anterior limb/fin + anterior paired appendage + forelimb - pectoral fin + forelimb or pectoral fin + forelimb/pectoral fin + pectoral limb/fin + uberon + UBERON:0004710 + + pectoral appendage + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. + VSAO:0000150-modified + + + + + While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001753 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC, Shubin NH, Force A, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + anterior limb/fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + anterior paired appendage + VSAO:0000148 + + + + + forelimb - pectoral fin + VHOG:0001753 + + + + + forelimb or pectoral fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + forelimb/pectoral fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pectoral limb/fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. + BTO:0001744 + CALOHA:TS-0497 + EMAPA:18638 + GAID:536 + MA:0002154 + MESH:D007601 + NCIT:C12738 + SCTID:244403000 + UMLS:C0022427 + Wikipedia:Jugular_vein + uberon + jugular + vena jugularis + UBERON:0004711 + jugular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png + + + + + The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. + Wikipedia:Jugular_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0022427 + ncithesaurus:Jugular_Vein + + + + + vena jugularis + BTO:0001744 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. + EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus + AEO:0000194 + BTO:0003834 + EHDAA2:0000001 + EHDAA2:0003235 + EMAPA:36040 + NCIT:C34131 + UMLS:C1516779 + Wikipedia:Conceptus + embryo plus adnexa + uberon + UBERON:0004716 + conceptus + + + + + The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. + BTO:0003834 + Wikipedia:Conceptus + + + + + UMLS:C1516779 + ncithesaurus:Conceptus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + WBls:0000023 + uberon + UBERON:0004729 + nematode larval stage + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/567 + + + + + Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. + GO:0002119 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). + We take the definition of neuromere from Puelles et al, although the existence of mesomeres and prosomeres may not be widely accepted + A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] + + 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z + NLX:147842 + TAO:0001328 + Wikipedia:Neuromere + ZFA:0001328 + neural tube metameric segment + neural tube segment + neuromere + neuromeres + uberon + neural metamere + neural segment + UBERON:0004731 + + neuromere + + + + + A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). + DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2013.06.004 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/318 + + + + + A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001328 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + neural tube metameric segment + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neuromeres + TAO:0001328 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. + revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) + uberon + neuromere + UBERON:0004732 + + segmental subdivision of nervous system + + + + + Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. + FBbt:00005140 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neuromere + FBbt:00005140 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:61998 + hindbrain segment + segment of hindbrain + uberon + UBERON:0004733 + + segmental subdivision of hindbrain + + + + + An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindbrain segment + FMA:61998 + + + + + segment of hindbrain + FMA:61998 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organism at the gastrula stage. + We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here + UBERON:0007012 + BILA:0000060 + BTO:0001403 + FBbt:00005317 + FMA:293108 + GAID:1302 + MESH:D005775 + MIAA:0000179 + NCIT:C34057 + NCIT:C34058 + UMLS:C0017199 + UMLS:C1284022 + Wikipedia:Gastrula + Wikipedia:Trilaminar_blastocyst + gastrula embryo + uberon + blastocystis trilaminaris + tri-laminar disc + tri-laminar disk + trilaminar blastocyst + trilaminar blastoderm + trilaminar disc + trilaminar disk + trilaminar germ + UBERON:0004734 + + gastrula + + + + + Organism at the gastrula stage. + Wikipedia:Gastrula + Wikipedia:Trilaminar_blastocyst + + + + + We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here + NCIT + + + + + FBbt:00005317 + + + + + + UMLS:C0017199 + ncithesaurus:Gastrula + + + + + UMLS:C1284022 + ncithesaurus:Trilaminar_Embryonic_Disc + + + + + gastrula embryo + BILA:0000060 + + + + + blastocystis trilaminaris + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + tri-laminar disc + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + tri-laminar disk + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar blastocyst + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar blastoderm + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar disc + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar disk + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trilaminar germ + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. + A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] + EMAPA:37744 + MA:0003047 + SCTID:309311006 + VSAO:0000015 + XAO:0004038 + ZFA:0005619 + uberon + UBERON:0004755 + Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from + skeletal tissue + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000015 + VSAO + + + + + A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000015 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/134 + + + + + A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000015 + taken from version of VSAO used in TAO and used directly in Uberon + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + EMAPA:37744 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. + dermal element + uberon + UBERON:0004756 + dermal skeletal element + + + + + Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/206 + + + + + dermal element + VSAO:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:27221 + EMAPA:27233 + EMAPA:27543 + FMA:15720 + FMA:15724 + NCIT:C32068 + SCTID:245448005 + UMLS:C0162322 + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + gland of anal canal + uberon + anal gland + anal sac + gland of anus + rectal gland + UBERON:0004760 + + + gland of anal canal + + + + + A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + + + + + UMLS:C0162322 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland + + + + + gland of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal sac + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. + in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) + AAO:0000094 + AAO:0010153 + EHDAA:6031 + FMA:76621 + NCIT:C34121 + SCTID:155540009 + UMLS:C1516496 + Wikipedia:Chondrocranium + XAO:0003059 + cartilaginous chondocranium + cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull + uberon + cartilaginous skull + chondocranium + embryonic chondocranium + neurocranium + UBERON:0004761 + cartilaginous neurocranium + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + PMC1571569 + + + + + The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. + Wikipedia:Chondrocranium + + + + + in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C1516496 + ncithesaurus:Chondrocranium + + + + + chondocranium + Wikipedia:Chondrocranium + + + + + neurocranium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. + note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes) + MA:0002837 + Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification + uberon + UBERON:0004764 + intramembranous bone tissue + + + + + Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. + GO:0001957 + Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification + + + + + note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes) + MA + + + + + + + + + + Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. + Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] + Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] + AAO:0011129 + TAO:0001890 + VSAO:0000128 + XAO:0004012 + ZFA:0005494 + galen:SkeletalStructure + uberon + UBERON:0004765 + + + skeletal element + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000128 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001890 + TAO + TAO:VSAO_workshop + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a cranium. + here cranium = skull - mandible + + SCTID:181792001 + cranium bone + uberon + UBERON:0004766 + + cranial bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a cranium. + UBERON:automatic + + + + + cranium bone + UBERON:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. + Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified + lower jaw bone + uberon + UBERON:0004768 + + bone of lower jaw + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. + EMAPA:35150 + FMA:23878 + MA:0003007 + SCTID:361827000 + VSAO:0000181 + joint system + set of all joints of body + uberon + set of all joints + set of joints of body + UBERON:0004770 + articular system + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. + VSAO:0000181 + + + + + joint system + FMA:23878 + + + + + set of all joints of body + FMA:23878 + + + + + set of joints of body + FMA:23878 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37578 + MA:0001822 + apparatus respiratorius submucosa + submucosa of apparatus respiratorius + submucosa of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004777 + respiratory system submucosa + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37578 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37576 + MA:0001821 + apparatus respiratorius lamina propria + apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa + lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius + lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system + lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius + lamina propria of respiratory system + respiratory system lamina propria mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004779 + respiratory system lamina propria + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37576 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. + MA:0001899 + NCIT:C49299 + UMLS:C1708197 + uberon + UBERON:0004780 + gastrointestinal system lamina propria + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708197 + ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract_Lamina_Propria + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35371 + FMA:278594 + MA:0001633 + NCIT:C49228 + UMLS:C1708175 + gall bladder lamina propria + gall bladder lamina propria mucosa + gallbladder lamina propria mucosa + lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder + lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder + lamina propria of gall bladder + lamina propria of gallbladder + uberon + biliary lamina propria + UBERON:0004781 + gallbladder lamina propria + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708175 + ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Lamina_Propria + + + + + gall bladder lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary lamina propria + MA:0001633 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37592 + MA:0001522 + digestive system serosa + digestive system serous membrane + gastrointestinal system serous membrane + serosa of digestive system + serosa of gastrointestinal system + serous membrane of digestive system + serous membrane of gastrointestinal system + uberon + UBERON:0004782 + gastrointestinal system serosa + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37592 + MA:th + + + + + digestive system serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive system serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastrointestinal system serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35372 + FMA:14659 + MA:0001634 + SCTID:362197006 + gall bladder serosa + gall bladder serous membrane + gallbladder serous membrane + serosa of gall bladder + serosa of gallbladder + serous coat of gallbladder + serous membrane of gall bladder + serous membrane of gallbladder + tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) + tunica serosa vesicae biliaris + uberon + biliary serosa + UBERON:0004783 + gallbladder serosa + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous coat of gallbladder + FMA:14659 + + + + + serous membrane of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) + FMA:14659 + + + + + tunica serosa vesicae biliaris + FMA:14659 + FMA:TA + + + + + + biliary serosa + MA:0001634 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:13884 + MA:0002791 + NCIT:C119295 + anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle + anatomical wall of heart ventricle + anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart + anatomical wall of ventricle of heart + cardiac ventricle anatomical wall + cardiac ventricle wall + heart ventricle anatomical wall + lower chamber of heart anatomical wall + lower chamber of heart wall + ventricle of heart anatomical wall + ventricle of heart wall + ventricular wall + wall of cardiac ventricle + wall of heart ventricle + wall of lower chamber of heart + wall of ventricle of heart + uberon + wall of ventricle + UBERON:0004784 + + heart ventricle wall + + + + + An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of heart ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of ventricle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac ventricle anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac ventricle wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + heart ventricle anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower chamber of heart anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower chamber of heart wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventricle of heart anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventricle of heart wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ventricular wall + FMA:13884 + + + + + wall of cardiac ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of heart ventricle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of lower chamber of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of ventricle of heart + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of ventricle + MA:0002791 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. + TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa + BTO:0000973 + EMAPA:18334 + EMAPA:37577 + FMA:302092 + GAID:304 + MA:0001827 + MESH:D020545 + apparatus respiratorius mucosa + apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ + apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane + mucosa of apparatus respiratorius + mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius + mucosa of organ of respiratory system + mucosa of respiratory system + mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius + mucous membrane of respiratory system + respiratory system mucosa of organ + respiratory system mucous membrane + uberon + laryngeal mucous membrane + respiratory mucosa + respiratory tract mucosa + UBERON:0004785 + + respiratory system mucosa + + + + + The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. + MESH:A04.760 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002277 + + + + + EMAPA:37577 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + laryngeal mucous membrane + EMAPA:18334 + + + + + respiratory mucosa + BTO:0000973 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. + BTO:0000546 + BTO:0005568 + EMAPA:36591 + MA:0001521 + SCTID:410433007 + digestive tract mucosa + gut mucosa + gut mucuous membrane + mucosa of gut + uberon + UBERON:0004786 + The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 + gastrointestinal system mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + + BTO-modified + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive tract mucosa + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + gut mucosa + BTO:0000546 + + + + + gut mucuous membrane + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mucosa of gut + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucous gland that is part of the skin. + See comments for 'skin mucus' + EMAPA:35775 + MA:0000148 + mucous gland of entire skin + mucous gland of skin of body + skin mucus gland + skin of body mucous gland + uberon + UBERON:0004790 + + skin mucous gland + + + + + A mucous gland that is part of the skin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mucous gland of entire skin + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous gland of skin of body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin mucus gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin of body mucous gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0002517 + NCIT:C33255 + UMLS:C1518866 + endocrine pancreas secretion + pancreatic endocrine secretion + pars endocrina pancreatis secretion + secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis + uberon + UBERON:0004792 + secretion of endocrine pancreas + + + + + A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1518866 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion + + + + + endocrine pancreas secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pancreatic endocrine secretion + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion + + + + + pars endocrina pancreatis secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0002518 + NCIT:C33256 + UMLS:C1518867 + exocrine pancreas secretion + pancreatic exocrine secretion + pars exocrina pancreatis secretion + secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis + uberon + UBERON:0004793 + secretion of exocrine pancreas + + + + + A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1518867 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion + + + + + exocrine pancreas secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pancreatic exocrine secretion + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion + + + + + pars exocrina pancreatis secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:79662 + MA:0002514 + NCIT:C52555 + UMLS:C0227179 + esophageal secretion + gullet secretion + oesophagus secretion + secretion of esophagus + secretion of gullet + secretion of oesophagus + uberon + UBERON:0004794 + esophagus secretion + + + + + A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227179 + ncithesaurus:Esophagus_Secretion + + + + + esophageal secretion + FMA:79662 + + + + + gullet secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + oesophagus secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of gullet + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of oesophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + MA:0002516 + NCIT:C13270 + UMLS:C0030296 + pancreatic secretion + secretion of pancreas + uberon + UBERON:0004795 + pancreas secretion + + + + + A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0030296 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Secretion + + + + + pancreatic secretion + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secretion of pancreas + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. + EMAPA:36296 + MA:0002854 + uberon + UBERON:0004797 + blood vessel layer + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Blood_vessels.svg + + + + + Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. + BTO:0000419 + CALOHA:TS-0023 + EMAPA:32827 + MA:0001480 + SCTID:321764001 + VHOG:0000981 + epithelial tissue of respiratory tract + epithelium of respiratory tract + respiratory tract epithelial tissue + uberon + airway epithelium + respiratory epithelium + UBERON:0004802 + + respiratory tract epithelium + + + + + The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:anna + MP:0010942 + + + + + epithelial tissue of respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory tract epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + airway epithelium + BTO:0000419 + + + + + respiratory epithelium + BTO:0000419 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-0023 + EMAPA:32826 + MA:0001823 + VHOG:0000981 + apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue + apparatus respiratorius epithelium + epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius + epithelial tissue of respiratory system + epithelium of apparatus respiratorius + epithelium of respiratory system + respiratory system epithelial tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004807 + + respiratory system epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:32683 + MA:0001520 + digestive system epithelial tissue + digestive system epithelium + epithelial tissue of digestive system + epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system + epithelium of digestive system + epithelium of gastrointestinal system + gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004808 + gastrointestinal system epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive system epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive system epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37549 + MA:0001481 + epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract + epithelium of lower respiratory tract + lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004815 + lower respiratory tract epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37549 + MA:th + + + + + epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of lower respiratory tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. + The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium. + BTO:0000417 + MA:0001629 + NCIT:C43616 + UMLS:C1711208 + biliary duct epithelium + epithelium of bile duct + epithelium of biliary duct + uberon + UBERON:0004820 + + bile duct epithelium + + + + + Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium. + BTO:0000417 + + + + + UMLS:C1711208 + ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct_Epithelium + + + + + biliary duct epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of biliary duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000742 + EHDAA:3051 + MA:0002661 + NCIT:C43618 + UMLS:C1711347 + epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct + epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct + extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004822 + extrahepatic bile duct epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1711347 + ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0000743 + EHDAA:3053 + MA:0002662 + NCIT:C43617 + UMLS:C1708552 + epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct + epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct + intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004823 + intrahepatic bile duct epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708552 + ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37583 + MA:0001829 + respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius + skeletal muscle of respiratory system + skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius + skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004830 + respiratory system skeletal muscle + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37583 + MA:th + + + + + respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36523 + MA:0001572 + esophagus skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle of esophagus + uberon + UBERON:0004831 + Most muscle tissue lining the digestive tract is smooth, but part of the externa of the esophagus is skeletal + esophagus skeletal muscle + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + esophagus skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37393 + MA:0001530 + anal part of perineum skeletal muscle + anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue + anal region skeletal muscle tissue + anal triangle skeletal muscle + anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum + skeletal muscle of anal region + skeletal muscle of anal triangle + skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum + skeletal muscle tissue of anal region + skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle + uberon + UBERON:0004832 + anal region skeletal muscle + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37393 + MA:th + + + + + anal part of perineum skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. + this class is derived from MA. Consider re-modeling this as being a muscle that acts on the lips. See: Wikipedia:Lip#Muscles_acting_on_the_lips + EMAPA:37642 + MA:0001578 + lip skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle of lip + skeletal muscle tissue of lip + uberon + UBERON:0004833 + lip skeletal muscle + + + + + A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37642 + MA:th + + + + + lip skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle of lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue of lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. + EMAPA:37598 + MA:0001640 + uberon + UBERON:0004834 + hepatic duct smooth muscle + + + + + Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37598 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:37566 + MA:0001801 + apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium + apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery + arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + arterial endothelium of respiratory system + artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + artery endothelium of respiratory system + endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of artery of respiratory system + respiratory system artery endothelium + respiratory system endothelium of artery + uberon + UBERON:0004848 + + respiratory system arterial endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37566 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + artery endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of artery of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system artery endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of artery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + + EMAPA:37585 + MA:0001811 + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein + apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium + apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium + endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of vein of respiratory system + respiratory system endothelium of vein + respiratory system vein endothelium + vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + vein endothelium of respiratory system + venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + venous endothelium of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004849 + + respiratory system venous endothelium + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37585 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of vein of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system vein endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venous endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. + BTO:0000394 + CALOHA:TS-0047 + EFO:0002597 + EMAPA:35134 + MA:0000701 + NCIT:C49190 + UMLS:C1706824 + adult aorta endothelium + endothelium of adult aorta + endothelium of aorta + endothelium of trunk of aortic tree + endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree + trunk of aortic tree endothelium + trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium + uberon + aortic endothelium + UBERON:0004851 + + + aorta endothelium + + + + + The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. + MGI:csmith + MP:0009864 + + + + + UMLS:C1706824 + ncithesaurus:Aorta_Endothelium + + + + + adult aorta endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of adult aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of aorta + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of trunk of aortic tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of aortic tree endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + aortic endothelium + BTO:0000394 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. + consider merging with 'endothelium' + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0001853 + EMAPA:35201 + GAID:519 + MA:0000717 + MESH:D004730 + NCIT:C13053 + TAO:0002171 + UMLS:C0014261 + VHOG:0001217 + XAO:0000356 + ZFA:0001639 + uberon + endothelia + vascular endothelia + UBERON:0004852 + + cardiovascular system endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001217 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0014261 + ncithesaurus:Vascular_Endothelium + + + + + endothelia + ZFA:0001639 + + + + + + vascular endothelia + XAO:0000356 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37068 + MA:0001900 + digestive system mesentery + mesentery of digestive system + mesentery of gastrointestinal system + uberon + UBERON:0004854 + + gastrointestinal system mesentery + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37068 + MA:th + + + + + digestive system mesentery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of digestive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesentery of gastrointestinal system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. + EMAPA:37743 + MA:0002868 + connective tissue of skeletal muscle + connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue + portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle + portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue + skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue + skeletal muscle textus connectivus + skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue + skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue + skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus + textus connectivus of skeletal muscle + textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue + uberon + skeletal muscle interstitial tissue + skeletal muscle interstitum + UBERON:0004857 + skeletal muscle connective tissue + + + + + A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37743 + MA:th + + + + + connective tissue of skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of skeletal muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skeletal muscle interstitial tissue + MA:0002868 + + + + + skeletal muscle interstitum + MA:0002868 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. + EMAPA:35334 + MA:0000267 + eye-associated gland + gland of eye + uberon + UBERON:0004859 + + Examples: harderian gland, accessory lacrimal gland, gland of Moll, gland of Zeis, nictitating membrane glands + eye gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + eye-associated gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + gland of eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + + + FMA:76552 + MESH:D012171 + XAO:0004153 + retina vasculature + retina vasculature of camera-type eye + retinal blood vessels + retinal blood vessels set + retinal vasculature + set of blood vessels of retina + set of retinal blood vessels + vasa sanguinea retinae + uberon + UBERON:0004864 + + + vasculature of retina + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + PMID:21622558 + PMID:2772405 + michaelerice + + + + + retina vasculature + GO:0061298 + + + + + retina vasculature of camera-type eye + GO:0061298 + + + + + retinal blood vessels + FMA:76552 + + + + + retinal blood vessels set + FMA:76552 + + + + + retinal vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + set of blood vessels of retina + OBOL:automatic + + + + + set of retinal blood vessels + FMA:76552 + + + + + vasa sanguinea retinae + FMA:76552 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. + note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity + AAO:0000343 + FMA:84961 + SCTID:280541000 + Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) + ZFA:0005558 + uberon + orbit + UBERON:0004867 + orbital cavity + + + + + Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity + AAO + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/462 + + + + + orbit + AAO:0000343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. + We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors + visceral mesoderm + AAO:0011102 + BILA:0000044 + FMA:295568 + Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers + XAO:0000276 + inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm + uberon + splanchnic mesoderm + UBERON:0004872 + + splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm + + + + + Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. + Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers + + + + + We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors + BILA + + + + + visceral mesoderm + BILA:0000044 + http://www.drugs.com/dict/visceral-mesoderm.html + http://www.stedmans.com/ + + + + + splanchnic mesoderm + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. + TODO - check relationship to LPM + EHDAA2:0001903 + EHDAA:383 + EMAPA:16181 + FMA:295564 + NCIT:C34303 + UMLS:C1519472 + VHOG:0000558 + Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure + uberon + ventral splanchnic mesoderm + UBERON:0004873 + splanchnopleure + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. + Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure + + + + + UMLS:C1519472 + ncithesaurus:Splanchnopleure + + + + + ventral splanchnic mesoderm + Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. + Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/ + sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM + EHDAA2:0001847 + EHDAA:381 + EMAPA:16180 + FMA:295566 + NCIT:C34301 + UMLS:C1519423 + VHOG:0000557 + Wikipedia:Somatopleure + uberon + UBERON:0004874 + somatopleure + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. + Wikipedia:Somatopleure + + + + + UMLS:C1519423 + ncithesaurus:Somatopleure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. + Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. + WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. + AAO:0000478 + EFO:0003426 + TAO:0000091 + ZFA:0000091 + axial chorda mesoderm + chorda mesoderm + dorsal mesoderm + presumptive notochord + uberon + UBERON:0004880 + + + chordamesoderm + + + + + The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + + + axial chorda mesoderm + ZFA:0000091 + + + + + dorsal mesoderm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + presumptive notochord + ZFA:0000091 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. + + EMAPA:32866 + lung-associated mesenchyme + mesenchyme of lung + pulmonary mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0004883 + + + lung mesenchyme + + + + + The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. + GO:0060484 + + + + + lung-associated mesenchyme + GO:0060484 + + + + + mesenchyme of lung + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pulmonary mesenchyme + GO:0060484 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. + + optic nerve + BTO:0000966 + EV:0100351 + FBbt:00001956 + TADS:0000232 + optic nerve (generic) + uberon + UBERON:0004904 + + + + for the vertebrate-specific structure, see UBERON:0000941 (cranial nerve II) + neuron projection bundle connecting eye with brain + + + + + A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + optic nerve + BTO:0000966 + + + + + FBbt:00001956 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. + FBbt:00005811 + joint + uberon + UBERON:0004905 + + articulation + + + + + Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00005811 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. + ectodermal gut + gut ectoderm + uberon + UBERON:0004906 + ectodermal part of digestive tract + + + + + A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. + GO:0007439 + + + + + gut ectoderm + EMAPA:32930 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. + MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 + WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L + gut + FMA:49179 + NCIT:C33010 + SCTID:279973004 + UMLS:C0226875 + Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract + galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract + lower GI tract + lower gastrointestinal tract + uberon + UBERON:0004907 + + lower digestive tract + + + + + The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. + Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract + + + + + MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 + MA + + + + + WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L + FMA + + + + + gut + GO:0048565 + + + + + UMLS:C0226875 + ncithesaurus:Lower_Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. + WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus + FMA:49177 + NCIT:C33837 + SCTID:181244000 + UMLS:C0226874 + Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract + galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract + upper GI tract + upper gastrointestinal tract + uberon + UBERON:0004908 + + upper digestive tract + + + + + The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. + Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract + + + + + WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0226874 + ncithesaurus:Upper_Gastrointestinal_Tract + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium surrounding a gonad. + after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts + EHDAA:4032 + EHDAA:5931 + NCIT:C32676 + UMLS:C1517534 + gonad epithelium + gonadal epithelium + uberon + gonadal sheath + UBERON:0004909 + epithelium of gonad + + + + + An epithelium surrounding a gonad. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1517534 + ncithesaurus:Germinal_Epithelium + + + + + gonad epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonadal epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonadal sheath + FBbt:00004859 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium surrounding an ovary. + after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts + BTO:0003661 + ovarian epithelium + ovary epithelium + ovarian sheath + uberon + UBERON:0004911 + epithelium of female gonad + + + + + An epithelium surrounding an ovary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovarian epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovary epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovarian sheath + FBbt:00004896 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0000171 + EMAPA:16561 + EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 + VHOG:0001351 + uberon + hepatic diverticulum + UBERON:0004912 + biliary bud + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + + EHDAA2-modified + + + + + hepatic diverticulum + EMAPA:16561 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. + + Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] + CALOHA:TS-2348 + FMA:15076 + GAID:283 + MESH:D014670 + NCIT:C13011 + SCTID:362200007 + TAO:0005167 + UMLS:C0042425 + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + ZFA:0005167 + galen:AmpullaOfVater + Vater's ampulla + ampulla biliaropancreatica + ampulla of Vater + ampulla of bile duct + biliaropancreatic ampulla + papilla Vateri + uberon + ampulla Vaterii + ampulla hepatopancreatica + papilla duodeni major + UBERON:0004913 + + + hepatopancreatic ampulla + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg + + + + + A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005167 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-070212-11 + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080414-12 + + + + + UMLS:C0042425 + ncithesaurus:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + ampulla biliaropancreatica + FMA:15076 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ampulla of bile duct + FMA:15076 + + + + + papilla Vateri + ZFA:0005167 + + + + + ampulla Vaterii + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + + ampulla hepatopancreatica + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + + papilla duodeni major + ZFA:0005167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. + EMAPA:18662 + FMA:15953 + MA:0003107 + NCIT:C119578 + SCTID:245389007 + papilla duodenalis + papilla of duodenum + uberon + papilla duodeni + UBERON:0004914 + duodenal papilla + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Small_Intestine.glb + + + + + One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/duodenal+papilla + + + + + papilla duodeni + Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. + + EMAPA:18663 + FMA:15077 + GAID:285 + MESH:D009803 + NCIT:C13065 + SCTID:181271000 + UMLS:C0028872 + Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla + Oddi's sphincter + hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter + musculus sphincter ampullae + musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica + sphincter of Oddi + sphincter of ampulla of vater + uberon + UBERON:0004915 + + sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png + + + + + Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. + Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla + + + + + UMLS:C0028872 + ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi + + + + + hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter + FMA:15077 + + + + + musculus sphincter ampullae + FMA:15077 + + + + + musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica + FMA:15077 + FMA:TA + + + + + + sphincter of ampulla of vater + FMA:15077 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. + EMAPA:36052 + anal region sphincter + sphincter analia + uberon + UBERON:0004916 + anal sphincter + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. + intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. + + FBbt:00100315 + FMA:71131 + uberon + alimentary system subdivision + gut section + intestinal tract + segment of intestinal tract + subdivision of alimentary system + UBERON:0004921 + + + subdivision of digestive tract + + + + + A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00100315 + + + + + + alimentary system subdivision + FMA:71131 + + + + + gut section + FBbt:00100315 + + + + + subdivision of alimentary system + FMA:71131 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. + FMA:82485 + uberon + UBERON:0004923 + + organ component layer + + + + + A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. + BTO:0002113 + FMA:75144 + SCTID:19594009 + pharyngeal submucosa + pharynx submucosa + tela submucosa pharyngea + tela submucosa pharyngis + uberon + pharyngobasilar fascia + submucous coat of pharynx + submucous layer of pharynx + UBERON:0004924 + submucosa of pharynx + + + + + The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. + BTO:0002113 + + + + + pharyngeal submucosa + FMA:75144 + + + + + pharynx submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa pharyngea + FMA:75144 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tela submucosa pharyngis + BTO:0002113 + + + + + + submucous coat of pharynx + BTO:0002113 + + + + + submucous layer of pharynx + BTO:0002113 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18013 + cystic duct submucosa + cystic ductal submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004926 + submucosa of cystic duct + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic ductal submucosa + FMA:18013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:15027 + sigmoid colon submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004932 + submucosa of sigmoid colon + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sigmoid colon submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:17059 + body of stomach submucosa + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa + gastric body submucosa + stomach body submucosa + submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + submucosa of gastric body + submucosa of stomach body + uberon + UBERON:0004934 + submucosa of body of stomach + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + body of stomach submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric body submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach body submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of gastric body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of stomach body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:17060 + antrum of stomach submucosa + pyloric antrum submucosa + stomach pyloric antrum submucosa + submucosa of antrum of stomach + submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + uberon + UBERON:0004936 + submucosa of pyloric antrum + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antrum of stomach submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric antrum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric antrum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of antrum of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27201 + FMA:17462 + pyloric part of stomach submucosa + pyloric submucosa + pylorus submucosa + stomach pyloric region submucosa + submucosa of pyloric part of stomach + submucosa of stomach pyloric region + uberon + UBERON:0004937 + submucosa of pylorus + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric part of stomach submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pylorus submucosa + FMA:17462 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric region submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of pyloric part of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of stomach pyloric region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18009 + biliary tract submucosa + biliary tree submucosa + submucosa of biliary tract + uberon + UBERON:0004938 + submucosa of biliary tree + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tract submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tree submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of biliary tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18011 + common bile duct submucosa + common bile ductal submucosa + ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa + submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + uberon + UBERON:0004939 + submucosa of common bile duct + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile ductal submucosa + FMA:18011 + + + + + ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18014 + common hepatic duct submucosa + common hepatic ductal submucosa + hepatic duct submucosa + submucosa of hepatic duct + uberon + UBERON:0004940 + submucosa of common hepatic duct + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic ductal submucosa + FMA:18014 + + + + + hepatic duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18015 + right hepatic duct submucosa + right hepatic ductal submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004941 + submucosa of right hepatic duct + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic ductal submucosa + FMA:18015 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18017 + left hepatic duct submucosa + left hepatic ductal submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004942 + submucosa of left hepatic duct + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic duct submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic ductal submucosa + FMA:18017 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14690 + cystic duct mucosa + cystic duct mucosa of organ + cystic duct mucous membrane + cystic duct organ mucosa + cystic ductal mucosa + mucosa of organ of cystic duct + mucous membrane of cystic duct + organ mucosa of cystic duct + uberon + UBERON:0004988 + mucosa of cystic duct + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cystic ductal mucosa + FMA:14690 + + + + + mucosa of organ of cystic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of cystic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of cystic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:15026 + mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon + mucous membrane of sigmoid colon + organ mucosa of sigmoid colon + sigmoid colon mucosa + sigmoid colon mucosa of organ + sigmoid colon mucous membrane + sigmoid colon organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004993 + mucosa of sigmoid colon + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of sigmoid colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of sigmoid colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sigmoid colon mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sigmoid colon mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sigmoid colon mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sigmoid colon organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:17054 + body of stomach mucosa + body of stomach mucosa of organ + body of stomach mucous membrane + body of stomach organ mucosa + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa + gastric body mucosa + gastric body mucosa of organ + gastric body mucous membrane + gastric body organ mucosa + mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + mucosa of gastric body + mucosa of organ of body of stomach + mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + mucosa of organ of gastric body + mucosa of organ of stomach body + mucosa of stomach body + mucous membrane of body of stomach + mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + mucous membrane of gastric body + mucous membrane of stomach body + organ mucosa of body of stomach + organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + organ mucosa of gastric body + organ mucosa of stomach body + stomach body mucosa + stomach body mucosa of organ + stomach body mucous membrane + stomach body organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004995 + mucosa of body of stomach + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + body of stomach mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + body of stomach mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + body of stomach mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + body of stomach organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric body mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric body mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric body mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric body organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of gastric body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of body of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of gastric body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of stomach body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of stomach body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of body of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of gastric body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of stomach body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of body of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of gastric body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of stomach body + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach body mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach body mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach body mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach body organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0004107 + FMA:17055 + antral mucosa + antrum of stomach mucosa + antrum of stomach mucosa of organ + antrum of stomach mucous membrane + antrum of stomach organ mucosa + mucosa of antrum of stomach + mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach + mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum + mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum + mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + mucous membrane of antrum of stomach + mucous membrane of pyloric antrum + mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum + organ mucosa of antrum of stomach + organ mucosa of pyloric antrum + organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + pyloric antrum mucosa + pyloric antrum mucosa of organ + pyloric antrum mucous membrane + pyloric antrum organ mucosa + stomach pyloric antrum mucosa + stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ + stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane + stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa + uberon + gastric antrum mucosa + UBERON:0004997 + mucosa of pyloric antrum + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antral mucosa + BTO:0004107 + + + + + antrum of stomach mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antrum of stomach mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antrum of stomach mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antrum of stomach organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of antrum of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of antrum of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of antrum of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric antrum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric antrum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric antrum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric antrum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric antrum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastric antrum mucosa + BTO:0004107 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0004110 + EMAPA:27199 + FMA:17461 + mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach + mucosa of organ of pylorus + mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region + mucosa of pyloric part of stomach + mucosa of stomach pyloric region + mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach + mucous membrane of pylorus + mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region + organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach + organ mucosa of pylorus + organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region + pyloric part of stomach mucosa + pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ + pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane + pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa + pylorus mucosa + pylorus mucosa of organ + pylorus mucous membrane + pylorus organ mucosa + stomach pyloric region mucosa + stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ + stomach pyloric region mucous membrane + stomach pyloric region organ mucosa + uberon + antropyloric mucosa + UBERON:0004998 + mucosa of pylorus + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of pylorus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of pyloric part of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of stomach pyloric region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of pylorus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of pylorus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric part of stomach mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pylorus mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pylorus mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pylorus mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pylorus organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric region mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric region mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomach pyloric region organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + antropyloric mucosa + BTO:0002984 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14695 + biliary tract mucosa + biliary tract mucosa of organ + biliary tract mucous membrane + biliary tract organ mucosa + biliary tree mucosa + biliary tree mucosa of organ + biliary tree mucous membrane + biliary tree organ mucosa + mucosa of biliary tract + mucosa of organ of biliary tract + mucosa of organ of biliary tree + mucous membrane of biliary tract + mucous membrane of biliary tree + organ mucosa of biliary tract + organ mucosa of biliary tree + uberon + UBERON:0004999 + mucosa of biliary tree + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tract mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tract mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tract mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tract organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tree mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tree mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tree mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + biliary tree organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of biliary tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of biliary tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of biliary tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of biliary tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of biliary tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of biliary tract + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of biliary tree + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14688 + common bile duct mucosa + common bile duct mucosa of organ + common bile duct mucous membrane + common bile duct organ mucosa + common bile ductal mucosa + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane + ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa + mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + mucosa of organ of common bile duct + mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + mucous membrane of common bile duct + mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + organ mucosa of common bile duct + organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + uberon + UBERON:0005000 + mucosa of common bile duct + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common bile ductal mucosa + FMA:14688 + + + + + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of common bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of common bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of common bile duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14691 + common hepatic duct mucosa + common hepatic duct mucosa of organ + common hepatic duct mucous membrane + common hepatic duct organ mucosa + common hepatic ductal mucosa + hepatic duct mucosa + hepatic duct mucosa of organ + hepatic duct mucous membrane + hepatic duct organ mucosa + mucosa of hepatic duct + mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct + mucosa of organ of hepatic duct + mucous membrane of common hepatic duct + mucous membrane of hepatic duct + organ mucosa of common hepatic duct + organ mucosa of hepatic duct + uberon + UBERON:0005001 + mucosa of common hepatic duct + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + common hepatic ductal mucosa + FMA:14691 + + + + + hepatic duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of common hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of common hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14692 + mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct + mucous membrane of right hepatic duct + organ mucosa of right hepatic duct + right hepatic duct mucosa + right hepatic duct mucosa of organ + right hepatic duct mucous membrane + right hepatic duct organ mucosa + right hepatic ductal mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0005002 + mucosa of right hepatic duct + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of right hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of right hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right hepatic ductal mucosa + FMA:14692 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14693 + left hepatic duct mucosa + left hepatic duct mucosa of organ + left hepatic duct mucous membrane + left hepatic duct organ mucosa + left hepatic ductal mucosa + mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct + mucous membrane of left hepatic duct + organ mucosa of left hepatic duct + uberon + UBERON:0005003 + mucosa of left hepatic duct + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic duct mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic duct mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic duct mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic duct organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left hepatic ductal mucosa + FMA:14693 + + + + + mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of left hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of left hepatic duct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:59832 + NCIT:C12224 + SCTID:362088009 + UMLS:C0226933 + mucosa of organ of upper lip + mucous membrane of upper lip + organ mucosa of upper lip + upper labial mucosa + upper lip mucosa + upper lip mucosa of organ + upper lip mucous membrane + upper lip organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0005031 + mucosa of upper lip + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0226933 + ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Upper_Lip + + + + + mucosa of organ of upper lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of upper lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of upper lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper labial mucosa + UBERON:cjm + + + + + upper lip mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper lip mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper lip mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper lip organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:59833 + NCIT:C12225 + SCTID:362089001 + UMLS:C0226939 + lower labial mucosa + lower lip mucosa + lower lip mucosa of organ + lower lip mucous membrane + lower lip organ mucosa + mucosa of organ of lower lip + mucous membrane of lower lip + organ mucosa of lower lip + uberon + UBERON:0005032 + mucosa of lower lip + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0226939 + ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip + + + + + lower labial mucosa + UBERON:cjm + + + + + lower lip mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower lip mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower lip mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower lip organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of lower lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of lower lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of lower lip + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14662 + SCTID:362196002 + gall bladder mucosa + gall bladder mucosa of organ + gall bladder mucous membrane + gall bladder organ mucosa + gallbladder mucosa + gallbladder mucosa of organ + gallbladder mucous membrane + gallbladder organ mucosa + mucosa of gall bladder + mucosa of organ of gall bladder + mucosa of organ of gallbladder + mucous membrane of gall bladder + mucous membrane of gallbladder + organ mucosa of gall bladder + organ mucosa of gallbladder + tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) + tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris + uberon + UBERON:0005033 + mucosa of gallbladder + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gall bladder organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gallbladder organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of gall bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of gallbladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) + FMA:14662 + + + + + tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris + FMA:14662 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. + in eutherians, this is known as the vulva in and composed of the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina and its glands, and the opening of the urethra and of the vagina [MP:0003126] + BTO:0003100 + EMAPA:30984 + FMA:45649 + SCTID:362234008 + galen:FemaleExternalGenitalia + external female genital organ + external genitalia of female reproductive system + female external genitalia + uberon + organa genitalia feminina externa + UBERON:0005056 + + + TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 + external female genitalia + + + + + An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + external female genital organ + BTO:0003100 + + + + + external genitalia of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female external genitalia + FMA:45649 + + + + + organa genitalia feminina externa + BTO:0003100 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. + immune system organ + uberon + UBERON:0005057 + + + immune organ + + + + + An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. + hemopoietic or lymphoid organ + EMAPA:18766 + MA:0002962 + hemopoietic or lymphoid gland + uberon + haemolymphoid system gland + UBERON:0005058 + + hemolymphoid system gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hemopoietic or lymphoid organ + GO:0048534 + + + + + hemopoietic or lymphoid gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + haemolymphoid system gland + EMAPA:18766 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. + The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. + AAO:0011071 + EMAPA:35594 + FMA:295624 + NCIT:C34224 + SCTID:361463007 + UMLS:C0814992 + Wikipedia:Neural_groove + XAO:0000248 + neuronames:1363 + uberon + UBERON:0005061 + neural groove + + + + + The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. + GO:0001842 + Wikipedia:Neural_groove + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. + Wikipedia:Neural_groove + + + + + UMLS:C0814992 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Groove + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. + In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. + EHDAA2:0001249 + FMA:295618 + NCIT:C34223 + SCTID:361461009 + UMLS:C0814993 + Wikipedia:Neural_fold + XAO:0004087 + neuronames:1364 + medullary fold + uberon + UBERON:0005062 + + neural fold + + + + + One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. + GO:0001842 + MP:0011256 + Wikipedia:Neural_fold + + + + + In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. + Wikipedia:Neural_fold + + + + + UMLS:C0814993 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Fold + + + + + medullary fold + MP:0011256 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. + uberon + UBERON:0005064 + left ventricular trabecular myocardium + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. + GO:0003225 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. + uberon + UBERON:0005066 + right ventricular trabecular myocardium + + + + + + + + + + GO + + + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. + GO:0003227 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. + An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + EFO:0003498 + TAO:0000133 + ZFA:0000133 + uberon + neural tube rod + UBERON:0005068 + + neural rod + + + + + A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. + GO:0014024 + ZFA:0000133 + + + + + An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000133 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + neural tube rod + GO:0014027 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. + hindbrain-spinal cord boundary region + uberon + UBERON:0005076 + hindbrain-spinal cord boundary + + + + + An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hole in a tube[GO]. + AEO:0000078 + EHDAA2:0004618 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 + uberon + UBERON:0005082 + tube lumen + + + + + A hole in a tube[GO]. + GO:0060609 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. + consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness + With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. + in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures + AEO:0000218 + uberon + epithelial placode + UBERON:0005085 + ectodermal placode + + + + + An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. + GO:0060788 + + + + + in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures + GO + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/12223#issuecomment-215692347 + + + + + epithelial placode + AEO:0000112 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. + in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila + EMAPA:32715 + FMA:30316 + musculus + uberon + muscle + muscle element + UBERON:0005090 + muscle structure + + + + + Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. + GO:0061061 + + + + + musculus + FMA:30316 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001841 + EHDAA:484 + EMAPA:16239 + FMA:70318 + VHOG:0000489 + sinus venosus right horn + uberon + UBERON:0005092 + right horn of sinus venosus + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000489 + VHOG + DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + sinus venosus right horn + VHOG:0000489 + + + + + + + + + A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. + BTO:0001639 + uberon + UBERON:0005153 + epithelial bud + + + + + A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. + GO:0060572 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. + reproductive system element + reproductive system structure + uberon + UBERON:0005156 + + reproductive structure + + + + + Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. + uberon + UBERON:0005157 + epithelial fold + + + + + An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. + GO:0060571 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. + + + CNS parenchyma + central nervous system parenchyma + parenchyma of CNS + parenchyma of central nervous system + uberon + UBERON:0005158 + parenchyma of central nervous system + + + + + The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. + CL:tm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/8 + + + + + CNS parenchyma + OBOL:automatic + + + + + central nervous system parenchyma + OBOL:automatic + + + + + parenchyma of CNS + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. + we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' + AAO:0011000 + CARO:0001000 + FBbt:00007060 + FMA:83115 + multi-cell-component structure + multi-cell-part structure + uberon + cell part cluster + UBERON:0005162 + + multi cell part structure + + + + + A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. + CARO:0001000 + + + + + we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' + CARO + FMA + + + + + FBbt:00007060 + + + + + + multi-cell-component structure + CARO:0001000 + + + + + multi-cell-part structure + CARO:0001000 + + + + + cell part cluster + FMA:83115 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). + TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same + A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] + The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] + The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. + EHDAA2:0000741 + EHDAA:3049 + EMAPA:16843 + FMA:71891 + MA:0000357 + NCIT:C32730 + SCTID:245399002 + UMLS:C0917710 + VHOG:0000219 + galen:HepaticDuct + uberon + UBERON:0005171 + + + hepatic duct + + + + + Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001100 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000219 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+duct + + + + + The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. + GO:0061011 + + + + + UMLS:C0917710 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. + MA:0000522 + SCTID:272631008 + abdomen organ + uberon + UBERON:0005172 + + abdomen element + + + + + An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + abdomen organ + MA:0000522 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. + EMAPA:37062 + MA:0000529 + abdominal segment organ + uberon + UBERON:0005173 + + abdominal segment element + + + + + An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37062 + MA:th + + + + + abdominal segment organ + MA:0000529 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. + EMAPA:37274 + MA:0001901 + back organ + dorsal region organ + uberon + UBERON:0005174 + + dorsal region element + + + + + An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37274 + MA:th + + + + + back organ + MA:0001901 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. + EMAPA:37270 + MA:0000516 + trunk organ + uberon + UBERON:0005177 + + + trunk region element + + + + + An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37270 + MA:th + + + + + trunk organ + MA:0000516 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. + EMAPA:37273 + MA:0000557 + thoracic cavity organ + uberon + UBERON:0005178 + + + thoracic cavity element + + + + + An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37273 + MA:th + + + + + thoracic cavity organ + MA:0000557 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. + EMAPA:37275 + MA:0000543 + pelvic element + pelvis organ + pelvis region organ + uberon + UBERON:0005179 + + + + pelvic region element + + + + + An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37275 + MA:th + + + + + pelvis organ + MA:0000543 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. + EMAPA:37271 + MA:0000563 + uberon + upper body organ + UBERON:0005181 + + thoracic segment organ + + + + + An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37271 + MA:th + + + + + upper body organ + MA:0000563 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37197 + MA:0002235 + NCIT:C53142 + SCTID:281472008 + UMLS:C0226629 + uberon + UBERON:0005194 + thoracic vein + + + + + A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37197 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226629 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:16539 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001311 + VHOG:0000520 + uberon + UBERON:0005216 + optic eminence surface ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + true + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0001010 + EMAPA:18317 + FMA:71657 + VHOG:0000840 + parenchyma of right lobe of liver + uberon + UBERON:0005221 + liver right lobe parenchyma + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + parenchyma of right lobe of liver + FMA:71657 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0001002 + EMAPA:18310 + FMA:71658 + VHOG:0000839 + parenchyma of left lobe of liver + uberon + UBERON:0005222 + liver left lobe parenchyma + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + parenchyma of left lobe of liver + FMA:71658 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA2:0001078 + EMAPA:16809 + FMA:312675 + VHOG:0000803 + uberon + UBERON:0005233 + medial-nasal process ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. + EHDAA:940 + EMAPA:16539 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 + VHOG:0001105 + uberon + UBERON:0005234 + optic eminence ectoderm + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001154 + EMAPA:17078 + VHOG:0000320 + metencephalon basal plate + uberon + UBERON:0005239 + basal plate metencephalon + + + + + The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000320 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + metencephalon basal plate + EHDAA2:0001154 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. + TODO - split? + EHDAA2:0000886 + EHDAA2:0000887 + FMA:83584 + VHOG:0000615 + endocardium of interventricular septum + uberon + interventricular septum endocardial tissue + UBERON:0005243 + interventricular septum endocardium + + + + + An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endocardium of interventricular septum + FMA:83584 + + + + + interventricular septum endocardial tissue + VHOG:0000615 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36488 + VHOG:0000609 + uberon + bulbus cordis cardiac muscle + UBERON:0005248 + bulbus cordis myocardium + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bulbus cordis cardiac muscle + VHOG:0000609 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a stomodeum. + check this + VHOG:0000658 + stomatodaeum gland + uberon + UBERON:0005250 + + stomatodeum gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a stomodeum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stomatodaeum gland + VHOG:0000658 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. + In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets + in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities + EMAPA:16055 + FMA:63942 + VHOG:0000843 + cavity of yolk sac + yolk sac lumen + uberon + yolk sac space + UBERON:0005251 + yolk sac cavity + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities + EHDAA2 + + + + + cavity of yolk sac + FMA:63942 + + + + + yolk sac space + FMA:63942 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. + Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + EFO:0003492 + EHDAA2:0000732 + EHDAA:179 + EMAPA:16098 + EMAPA_RETIRED:16269 + FMA:76622 + TAO:0000113 + VHOG:0000332 + ZFA:0000113 + cephalic mesenchyme + uberon + cranial mesenchyme + desmocranium + UBERON:0005253 + + + + head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. + ISBN:0683400088 + MP:0011260 + + + + + Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000113 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cephalic mesenchyme + MP:0011260 + + + + + cranial mesenchyme + MGI:anna + + + + + desmocranium + FMA:76622 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. + EFO:0003485 + EHDAA2:0002092 + EHDAA:377 + EMAPA:16177 + TAO:0000081 + VHOG:0000281 + ZFA:0000081 + uberon + trunk and cervical mesenchyme + UBERON:0005256 + + + trunk mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk and cervical mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0002092 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. + + The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes + BTO:0000758 + CALOHA:TS-0607 + CALOHA:TS-2365 + DHBA:10662 + EHDAA2:0001207 + EHDAA:5526 + EMAPA:17082 + HBA:9512 + MA:0000205 + MESH:D054024 + VHOG:0000456 + Wikipedia:Myelencephalon + uberon + myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) + UBERON:0005290 + + myelencephalon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. + BTO:0000758 + Wikipedia:Myelencephalon + + + + + The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000456 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myelencephalon + + + + + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000456 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MESH:D054024 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) + DHBA:10662 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. + CALOHA:TS-2100 + portion of embryonic tissue + uberon + developing tissue + UBERON:0005291 + + + embryonic tissue + + + + + A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of embryonic tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. + BTO:0003360 + CALOHA:TS-2119 + EFO:0001406 + MAT:0000061 + MIAA:0000061 + extra-embryonic tissue + uberon + UBERON:0005292 + + extraembryonic tissue + + + + + Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The endothelial lining of the endocardium. + FMA:83596 + endocardium endothelium + endothelium of endocardium + uberon + UBERON:0005316 + endocardial endothelium + + + + + The endothelial lining of the endocardium. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + endocardium endothelium + FMA:83596 + + + + + endothelium of endocardium + FMA:83596 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. + BTO:0000137 + pulmonary artery endothelial tube + uberon + UBERON:0005317 + pulmonary artery endothelium + + + + + An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. + GO:0061155 + + + + + pulmonary artery endothelial tube + GO:0061155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. + EMAPA:26947 + lamina propria of oral mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0005334 + oral lamina propria + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. + FMA:13225 + Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract + XAO:0004140 + heart ventricle outflow tract + outflow part of ventricle + ventricular outflow tract + uberon + UBERON:0005337 + outflow tract of ventricle + + + + + A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. + Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract + + + + + heart ventricle outflow tract + MP:0010224 + + + + + ventricular outflow tract + Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. + merge with LVOT? + EHDAA2:0001353 + EMAPA:17329 + MA:0000101 + VHOG:0001394 + uberon + UBERON:0005338 + outflow tract aortic component + + + + + An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + merge with RVOT? + EHDAA2:0001359 + EHDAA:4401 + EMAPA:17330 + MA:0000102 + VHOG:0001395 + uberon + UBERON:0005339 + outflow tract pulmonary component + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. + FBbt:00004200 + light-sensitive tissue + uberon + UBERON:0005388 + photoreceptor array + + + + + An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00004200 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. + directing or focusing light onto light receptors + lens + uberon + UBERON:0005389 + + transparent eye structure + + + + + A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. + This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries + Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + AAO:0010217 + BTO:0000168 + CALOHA:TS-0116 + EFO:0000818 + EHDAA:6385 + EMAPA:18609 + EV:0100379 + FMA:70504 + GAID:478 + MA:0001925 + MAT:0000501 + MESH:D002339 + NCIT:C12687 + SCTID:362040006 + SCTID:69105007 + TAO:0000097 + UMLS:C0007272 + VHOG:0000266 + Wikipedia:Carotid_artery + ZFA:0000097 + galen:CarotidArtery + carotid + carotid artery + subdivision of common carotid artery + uberon + common carotid arterial subdivision + UBERON:0005396 + + + + + carotid artery segment + + + + + + FMA + + + + + One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. + Wikipedia:Carotid_artery + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486870&group_id=76834&atid=994764 + + + + + Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000097 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0007272 + ncithesaurus:Carotid_Artery + + + + + carotid + AAO:0010217 + + + + + carotid artery + MA:0001925 + + + + + subdivision of common carotid artery + FMA:70504 + + + + + common carotid arterial subdivision + FMA:70504 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. + BTO:0000254 + MA:0000383 + uberon + UBERON:0005398 + + + female reproductive gland + + + + + A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. + the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system + The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. + All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] + that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. + BTO:0000058 + CALOHA:TS-0407 + EHDAA2:0000110 + EHDAA:514 + EMAPA:16246 + EV:0100056 + FMA:71132 + GAID:294 + MA:0000323 + MESH:D041981 + NCIT:C12378 + SCTID:373871007 + UMLS:C0012240 + VHOG:0000412 + galen:GastrointestinalTract + uberon + GI tract + alimentary system + alimentary tract + gastro-intestinal system + gastroenterological system + gastrointestinal (GI) tract + gastrointestinal system + gastrointestinal tract + UBERON:0005409 + + alimentary part of gastrointestinal system + + + + + The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. + ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System + + + + + All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000412 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676685 Sherwood Romer A and Parsons T, Vertebrate body (1977) p.3 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0012240 + ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System + + + + + GI tract + GAID:294 + + + + + alimentary system + MA:0000323 + + + + + alimentary tract + MA:0000323 + + + + + gastro-intestinal system + FMA:71132 + + + + + gastroenterological system + UBERON:cjm + + + + + gastrointestinal (GI) tract + GAID:294 + + + + + gastrointestinal system + FMA:71132 + + + + + gastrointestinal tract + FMA:71132 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. + Fin bud that develops into the pectoral fin.[TAO] + While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] + EFO:0003430 + TAO:0000141 + VHOG:0001754 + VHOG_RETIRED:0001259 + ZFA:0000141 + forelimb - pectoral fin bud + uberon + pectoral fin bud + pectoral fin buds + UBERON:0005419 + + at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pectoral fin bud' class, but we may in future + pectoral appendage bud + + + + + A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Fin bud that develops into the pectoral fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000141 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001754 + VHOG + DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC, Shubin NH, Force A, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + forelimb - pectoral fin bud + VHOG:0001754 + + + + + pectoral fin bud + TAO:0000141 + + + + + pectoral fin buds + TAO:0000141 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. + + Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO] + Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] + EFO:0003469 + TAO:0001384 + VHOG:0001260 + ZFA:0001384 + hindlimb/pelvic fin bud + uberon + pelvic fin bud + pelvic fin buds + UBERON:0005420 + + at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future + pelvic appendage bud + + + + + A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + PMID:15893975 + + + + + Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001384 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001260 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + hindlimb/pelvic fin bud + VHOG:0001260 + + + + + pelvic fin bud + TAO:0001384 + + + + + pelvic fin buds + ZFA:0001384 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. + An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] + Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] + EFO:0003487 + EHDAA2:0000138 + EMAPA:16778 + TAO:0000085 + TAO:0000736 + VHOG:0001064 + ZFA:0000085 + AER forelimb + apical ectodermal ridge forelimb + apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud + upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge + wing AER + wing apical ectodermal ridge + uberon + aer pectoral fin + apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin + apical fold pectoral fin + UBERON:0005421 + + + pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001064 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apical+ectodermal+ridge + + + + + Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000085 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001064 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00942.x + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + AER forelimb + VHOG:0001064 + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge forelimb + VHOG:0001064 + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud + ZFA:0000085 + + + + + upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge + EHDAA2:0000138 + + + + + wing AER + Giesha:syn + + + + + + wing apical ectodermal ridge + + + + + + aer pectoral fin + TAO:0000085 + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin + TAO:0000085 + + + + + apical fold pectoral fin + TAO:0000085 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. + An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] + Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] + EFO:0003681 + EHDAA2:0003194 + EMAPA:16892 + TAO:0001385 + VHOG:0001066 + ZFA:0001385 + apical ectodermal ridge hind limb + apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb + lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge + uberon + AER hindlimb + apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud + leg AER + UBERON:0005422 + + + pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001066 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apical+ectodermal+ridge + + + + + Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001385 + TAO + ZIFIN:curator + + + + + Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001066 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00942.x + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge hind limb + VHOG:0001066 + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb + VHOG:0001066 + + + + + lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge + EHDAA2:0003194 + + + + + AER hindlimb + VHOG:0001066 + + + + + apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud + TAO:0001385 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AEO:0000125 + CALOHA:TS-2122 + EHDAA2:0003125 + FBbt:00007006 + FMA:292313 + MIAA:0000019 + uberon + developing structure + developmental structure + developmental tissue + UBERON:0005423 + + developing anatomical structure + + + + + FBbt:00007006 + + + + + + developmental tissue + MIAA:0000019 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001304 + EMAPA:16675 + TAO:0001071 + VHOG:0000490 + ZFA:0001071 + future neural retina + future retinal neural layer + inner layer optic cup + optic cup inner layer + presumptive retinas + uberon + future NR + future neural epithelium + future neural layer + presumptive retina + UBERON:0005425 + + presumptive neural retina + + + + + Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000490 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + inner layer optic cup + ZFA:0001071 + + + + + optic cup inner layer + EHDAA2:0001304 + + + + + presumptive retinas + ZFA:0001071 + + + + + + future neural epithelium + EMAPA:16675 + + + + + future neural layer + EMAPA:16675 + + + + + presumptive retina + TAO:0001071 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. + A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals + EHDAA2:0000983 + EHDAA:4737 + EMAPA:17163 + SCTID:361510002 + TAO:0002205 + VHOG:0001163 + ZFA:0001679 + hollow lens vesicle + solid lens vesicle + uberon + immature lens + lens mass + presumptive lens + UBERON:0005426 + + + lens vesicle + + + + + Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. + ZFIN:curator + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=994726&aid=3514998&group_id=76834 + + + + + A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001163 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lens+vesicle + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001163 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals + ZFA + + + + + hollow lens vesicle + + + + + + solid lens vesicle + ZFA:0001679 + + + + + + immature lens + ZFA:0001679 + + + + + lens mass + ZFA:0001679 + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091023-49 + + + + + presumptive lens + ZFA:0001679 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. + TAO:0002188 + ZFA:0001688 + uberon + UBERON:0005427 + corneal primordium + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + Obol + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. + Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives.[TAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5) + EHDAA2:0002156 + EHDAA:669 + TAO:0000818 + VHOG:0001208 + XAO:0004191 + ZFA:0000818 + VNC + uberon + enteric neural crest + post-otic neural crest + UBERON:0005428 + + vagal neural crest + + + + + Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000818 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001208 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5) + filemaps.com + + + + + VNC + XAO:0004191 + + + + + + post-otic neural crest + ZFA:0000818 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. + the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. + EHDAA2:0004145 + EHDAA:9826 + EMAPA:36461 + FMA:71008 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 + SCTID:361527005 + saccus aorticus + uberon + UBERON:0005432 + + aortic sac + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. + MP:0012510 + + + + + the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac + + + + + saccus aorticus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:24219 + SCTID:123958008 + cervical region + neck subdivision + region of neck + subdivision of neck + uberon + UBERON:0005434 + cervical region + + + + + cervical region + FMA:24219 + + + + + neck subdivision + FMA:24219 + + + + + region of neck + FMA:24219 + + + + + subdivision of neck + FMA:24219 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. + + EHDAA2:0000308 + EHDAA:8570 + EMAPA:37206 + FMA:14771 + MA:0003094 + SCTID:244263001 + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + galen:CommonHepaticArtery + uberon + arteria hepatica communis + common hepatic + UBERON:0005436 + + common hepatic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37206 + MA:th + + + + + arteria hepatica communis + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + + common hepatic + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. + A circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.vity. [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum][VHOG] + It is suggested that the mammalian lamina ascendens arose from an upgrowth of the root of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid in cynodonts, separating foramen rotundum from foramen ovale.[well established][VHOG] + todo - check placement of AAO class + AAO:0000194 + EHDAA2:0000552 + EHDAA:10629 + EMAPA:18712 + FMA:53154 + SCTID:369439002 + VHOG:0001543 + Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum + uberon + foramen rotundum of the skull + foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis + round foramen + UBERON:0005446 + foramen rotundum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png + + + + + The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. + Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum + + + + + A circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.vity. [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001543 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + It is suggested that the mammalian lamina ascendens arose from an upgrowth of the root of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid in cynodonts, separating foramen rotundum from foramen ovale.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001543 + VHOG + PMID:1018003 Presley R, Steel FLD, On the homology of the alisphenoid. Journal of Anatomy (1976) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + todo - check placement of AAO class + AAO + + + + + foramen rotundum of the skull + Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum + + + + + foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis + Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum + + + + + + round foramen + VHOG:0001543 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0000971 + EMAPA:16380 + EMAPA:16698 + FMA:70307 + SCTID:361446008 + uberon + UBERON:0005460 + left vitelline vein + + + + + A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0001766 + EMAPA:16381 + EMAPA:16699 + FMA:70306 + SCTID:361445007 + uberon + UBERON:0005472 + right vitelline vein + + + + + A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. + sulcus limitans + BAMS:slim + BAMS:slm + neuronames:629 + neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans + uberon + UBERON:0005478 + sulcus limitans of neural tube + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sulcus+limitans + http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 + + + + + neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans + EHDAA2:0001265 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. + One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.[XAO] + Within each vertebrate group, the veins compose a few main functional systems that arise embryologically from what seems to be a common developmental pattern. (...) Early in development, three major sets of paired veins are present: the vitelline veins from the yolk sac, the cardinal veins from the body of the embryo itself, and the lateral abdominal veins from the pelvic region. The paired vitelline veins are among the first vessels to appear in the embryo. They arise over the yolk and follow the yolk stalk into the body. They then turn anteriorly, continue along the gut, and enter the sinus venosus.[well established][VHOG] + check zfa (no text def). Check vitelline/omphalomesenteric distinction in XAO + EMAPA:36021 + FMA:70305 + NCIT:C34329 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002209 + SCTID:2730004 + SCTID:308832003 + UMLS:C0231091 + VHOG:0000401 + Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins + XAO:0000376 + XAO:0004147 + embryonic vitelline vein + vascular vitelline network + vena vitellina + uberon + omphalomesenteric vein + vein of omphalomesenteric system + vitelline veins + UBERON:0005487 + + + vitelline vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray475.png + + + + + The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010666 + + + + + One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.[XAO] + XAO + XAO:0004147 + + + + + Within each vertebrate group, the veins compose a few main functional systems that arise embryologically from what seems to be a common developmental pattern. (...) Early in development, three major sets of paired veins are present: the vitelline veins from the yolk sac, the cardinal veins from the body of the embryo itself, and the lateral abdominal veins from the pelvic region. The paired vitelline veins are among the first vessels to appear in the embryo. They arise over the yolk and follow the yolk stalk into the body. They then turn anteriorly, continue along the gut, and enter the sinus venosus.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000401 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.460 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + check zfa (no text def). Check vitelline/omphalomesenteric distinction in XAO + XAO + + + + + UMLS:C0231091 + ncithesaurus:Vitelline_Vein + + + + + embryonic vitelline vein + VHOG:0000401 + + + + + vascular vitelline network + XAO:0004147 + + + + + vena vitellina + Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins + + + + + + omphalomesenteric vein + EMAPA:16244 + + + + + vitelline veins + XAO:0004147 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. + EHDAA2:0001257 + EHDAA:2873 + EHDAA:912 + EMAPA:16166 + TAO:0001435 + VHOG:0000513 + ZFA:0001435 + lateral wall neural tube + uberon + UBERON:0005496 + + neural tube lateral wall + + + + + Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. + ZFA:0001435 + + + + + lateral wall neural tube + ZFA:0001435 + + + + + + + + + + + todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release + + In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] + After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. + EFO:0003643 + EHDAA:257 + EMAPA:16074 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 + TAO:0001178 + VHOG:0001372 + XAO:0004091 + ZFA:0001178 + non neural ectoderm + epidermal ectoderm + epithelial ectoderm + uberon + surface ectoderm + ventral ectoderm + UBERON:0005497 + + + Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). + non-neural ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001372 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + non neural ectoderm + ZFA:0001178 + + + + + epidermal ectoderm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + epithelial ectoderm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + surface ectoderm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + + + + + ventral ectoderm + ZFA:0001178 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. + BTO:0006179 + EHDAA2:0001512 + EHDAA:424 + EHDAA:436 + EMAPA:16215 + FMA:321916 + SCTID:361522004 + TAO:0000149 + Wikipedia:Primitive_heart_tube + ZFA:0000149 + primitive heart tube + early primitive heart tube + uberon + UBERON:0005498 + + primitive heart tube + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. + ZFA:0000149 + + + + + BTO:0006179 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + primitive heart tube + EMAPA:16215 + + + + + early primitive heart tube + EMAPA:16208 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. + EMAPA:32819 + EMAPA:35364 + uberon + future hindbrain lateral wall + UBERON:0005501 + rhombomere lateral wall + + + + + A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + future hindbrain lateral wall + EMAPA:35364 + + + + + + + + + + + + Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. + todo - compare ZFA and EHDAA2 representation + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + EFO:0003484 + EHDAA2:0002083 + EHDAA:667 + EMAPA:16170 + TAO:0000080 + VHOG:0000269 + ZFA:0000080 + uberon + UBERON:0005563 + + + trigeminal neural crest + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. + ZFA:0000080 + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000269 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. + Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] + this is a very broad grouping class + EFO:0003651 + EHDAA:5927 + EMAPA:17204 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 + TAO:0001262 + WBbt:0008366 + ZFA:0001262 + future gonad + gonadal primordium + primitive gonad + undifferentiated gonad + uberon + immature gonad + UBERON:0005564 + + + + gonad primordium + + + + + + + + + + Obol + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. + ZFA:0001262 + + + + + Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001262 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + future gonad + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + gonadal primordium + ZFA:0001262 + + + + + primitive gonad + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + undifferentiated gonad + ZFA:0001262 + + + + + immature gonad + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. + in humans this includes somites 1-4 + They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) + EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter + EHDAA2:0003437 + EMAPA:16172 + XAO:0000313 + occipital somite + uberon + cranial somite + UBERON:0005594 + head somite + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. + PMID:11830559 + + + + + They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) + PMID:11830559 + + + + + EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter + EHDAA2 + + + + + occipital somite + PMID:11830559 + XAO:0000313 + + + + + cranial somite + XAO:0000313 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. + AAO:0011059 + EFO:0002578 + EMAPA:36007 + XAO:0001002 + uberon + lateral diverticula + lung diverticulum + lung endoderm + UBERON:0005597 + + lung primordium + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + + XAO + + + + + A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. + XAO:0001002 + + + + + lateral diverticula + XAO:0001002 + + + + + lung diverticulum + AAO:3010717 + + + + + lung endoderm + EFO:0002578 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A somite that is part of a trunk. + AAO:0010385 + EHDAA2:0003438 + EMAPA:16184 + XAO:0000314 + uberon + UBERON:0005598 + trunk somite + + + + + A somite that is part of a trunk. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. + The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000416 + EHDAA:3001 + EMAPA:17025 + MA:0001618 + NCIT:C34142 + UMLS:C1512038 + VHOG:0000352 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + uberon + dorsal mesentery + UBERON:0005602 + dorsal mesogastrium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + + + + + The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000352 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium + + + + + UMLS:C1512038 + ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Mesogastrium + + + + + dorsal mesentery + Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:16844 + MA:0001636 + VHOG:0000215 + extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct + hepatic duct extrahepatic part + uberon + UBERON:0005604 + extrahepatic part of hepatic duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct + VHOG:0000215 + + + + + hepatic duct extrahepatic part + MA:0001636 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] + Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans + EHDAA2:0000936 + EHDAA:404 + EMAPA:16205 + MA:0000478 + SCTID:361403005 + VHOG:0000484 + uberon + UBERON:0005613 + left dorsal aorta + + + + + A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000484 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans + http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. + Cells of the subcapsular epithelium (or anterior lens cells) are mitotically active. In adult individuals they only cover the anterior 'hemisphere' of the lens. As they divide, cells gradually move towards the equator of the lens where they tranform into lens fibres. The apical part of the gradually elongating cell extends between the subcapsular epithelium and adjacent lens fibres towards the anterior pole of the lens. The basal part extends towards the posterior pole. The nucleus remains close to the equatorial plane of the lens - http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm + lens epithelium + EHDAA2:0000984 + EHDAA:9059 + EMAPA:17304 + EMAPA:17839 + FMA:70612 + MA:0001302 + NCIT:C33641 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 + SCTID:362521008 + UMLS:C1182652 + VHOG:0001425 + lens subcapsular epithelium + subcapsular lens epithelium + uberon + anterior epithelium of lens vesicle + anterior surface of lens + UBERON:0005614 + lens anterior epithelium + + + + + + + + + + FMA-inferred + + + + + A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1182652 + ncithesaurus:Subcapsular_Epithelium_of_the_Lens + + + + + lens subcapsular epithelium + http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm + + + + + subcapsular lens epithelium + FMA:70612 + + + + + anterior epithelium of lens vesicle + EMAPA:17304 + + + + + anterior surface of lens + FMA:58889 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. + includes posterior and anterior mesenteric arteries, which branch from the dorsal aorta (see Kardong), and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries + BTO:0000779 + EHDAA2:0001123 + EHDAA:4343 + EMAPA:17312 + MA:0002003 + MESH:D008638 + NCIT:C52975 + SCTID:281084003 + UMLS:C0025465 + VHOG:0001117 + Wikipedia:Mesenteric_artery + XAO:0000370 + uberon + UBERON:0005616 + mesenteric artery + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. + MESH:A07.231.114.565 + Wikipedia:Mesenteric_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0025465 + ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that returns blood from the intestines. + In humans the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein + BTO:0002781 + EHDAA:4442 + EMAPA:17348 + MA:0002177 + MESH:D008642 + NCIT:C53055 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001125 + SCTID:304045008 + UMLS:C0025473 + Wikipedia:Mesenteric_vein + uberon + intestinal vein + UBERON:0005617 + mesenteric vein + + + + + A vein that returns blood from the intestines. + MESH:A07.231.908.670.385 + Wikipedia:Mesenteric_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0025473 + ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Vein + + + + + intestinal vein + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] + Normally regresses in humans + EHDAA2:0001720 + EHDAA:406 + EMAPA:16206 + MA:0000479 + SCTID:361404004 + VHOG:0000485 + uberon + UBERON:0005622 + right dorsal aorta + + + + + A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000485 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Normally regresses in humans + http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. + stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)] + EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. + EHDAA2:0004714 + FMA:305915 + MESH:D005321 + SCTID:362840007 + uberon + UBERON:0005631 + extraembryonic membrane + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-extraembryonic-membranes + + + + + Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. + EHDAA2 + + + + + MESH:D005321 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. + EHDAA2:0001582 + EMAPA:17633 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001927 + uberon + UBERON:0005637 + pyloric region epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. + EHDAA2:0000130 + uberon + UBERON:0005638 + anterior chamber epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. + EHDAA2:0000987 + EMAPA:17165 + VHOG:0000532 + uberon + UBERON:0005656 + lens vesicle epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0004032 + EMAPA:16762 + EMAPA:16764 + EMAPA:16768 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000094 + VHOG:0001095 + 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm + uberon + UBERON:0005662 + 4th arch ectoderm + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001095 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm + VHOG:0001095 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0004033 + EMAPA:16765 + EMAPA:16767 + EMAPA:16769 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000095 + VHOG:0001092 + 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm + uberon + UBERON:0005666 + 4th arch endoderm + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001092 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm + VHOG:0001092 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. + we believe that this corresponds to EMAPA:16139 based on synonyms and parenthood + peritoneum + BTO:0003156 + EHDAA2:0001447 + EMAPA:16139 + FMA:18147 + SCTID:34073007 + mesothelium of peritoneal component + mesothelium of peritoneum + peritoneal mesothelium + peritoneum mesothelium + uberon + UBERON:0005669 + peritoneal cavity mesothelium + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + we believe that this corresponds to EMAPA:16139 based on synonyms and parenthood + EMAPA + + + + + peritoneum + EMAPA:16139 + + + + + + mesothelium of peritoneal component + EMAPA:16139 + + + + + mesothelium of peritoneum + FMA:18147 + + + + + peritoneal mesothelium + BTO:0003156 + EMAPA:16139 + + + + + peritoneum mesothelium + FMA:18147 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a right lung. + EHDAA2:0001755 + uberon + UBERON:0005672 + right lung endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a right lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a left lung. + EHDAA2:0000961 + uberon + UBERON:0005673 + left lung endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a left lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. + EMAPA:16722 + EMAPA:17040 + EMAPA:18671 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001187 + SCTID:361434009 + uberon + UBERON:0005685 + midgut dorsal mesentery + + + + + A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + cavity of lens + lens cavity + EHDAA2:0000986 + EMAPA:17164 + VHOG:0000531 + cavity of lens vesicle + uberon + UBERON:0005688 + lens vesicle cavity + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000531 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + lens cavity + EHDAA2:0000986 + + + + + cavity of lens vesicle + EMAPA:17164 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000096 + EHDAA:1677 + EMAPA:16770 + FMA:295702 + VHOG:0001052 + 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme + uberon + 4th branchial arch mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme + UBERON:0005691 + 4th arch mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001052 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme + VHOG:0001052 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. + EHDAA:942 + EMAPA:16324 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 + VHOG:0001073 + uberon + UBERON:0005702 + optic eminence mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. + EHDAA2:0000564 + uberon + UBERON:0005711 + foregut duodenum mesentery + + + + + A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. + EHDAA2:0001193 + uberon + UBERON:0005712 + midgut duodenum mesentery + + + + + A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. + EHDAA2:0000776 + EMAPA:18632 + VHOG:0001322 + uberon + rhombencephalon venous system + UBERON:0005720 + hindbrain venous system + + + + + A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + rhombencephalon venous system + VHOG:0001322 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BILA:0000139 + uberon + UBERON:0005726 + + chemosensory system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0000474 + EMAPA:31862 + EMAPA:31863 + FMA:296719 + VHOG:0000616 + extra-embryonic mesoderm + extraembryonic mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0005728 + extraembryonic mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. + Embryonic region that develops into the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + TAO:0001453 + ZFA:0001453 + pectoral appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm + pectoral fin field + uberon + UBERON:0005729 + pectoral appendage field + + + + + A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Embryonic region that develops into the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001453 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + pectoral fin field + ZFA:0001453 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. + Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + TAO:0001454 + ZFA:0001454 + pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm + pelvic fin field + uberon + UBERON:0005730 + pelvic appendage field + + + + + A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001454 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + pelvic fin field + ZFA:0001454 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. + we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this. + limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm + paired limb/fin field + uberon + UBERON:0005732 + + paired limb/fin field + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:9780878932504 + ZFA-inferred + + + + + A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. + TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings + The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. + BTO:0002010 + EMAPA:36299 + NCIT:C33818 + SCTID:61066005 + UMLS:C0225342 + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + adventitia externa + tunica adventitia + tunica adventitia of vessel + uberon + external coat + tunica adventitia vasorum + tunica externa vasorum + UBERON:0005734 + tunica adventitia of blood vessel + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + UMLS:C0225342 + ncithesaurus:Tunica_Adventitia + + + + + adventitia externa + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + tunica adventitia + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + tunica adventitia of vessel + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + external coat + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + tunica adventitia vasorum + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + + tunica externa vasorum + Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica intima that is part of a artery. + EMAPA:36293 + EV:0100028 + FMA:14272 + SCTID:40022005 + galen:IntimaOfArtery + arterial intima + tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) + uberon + UBERON:0005740 + tunica intima of artery + + + + + A tunica intima that is part of a artery. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial intima + EV:0100028 + + + + + tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) + FMA:14272 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. + + BTO:0002010 + FMA:45635 + MESH:D063194 + SCTID:30180000 + Wikipedia:Adventitia + tunica advetitia + tunica externa + uberon + UBERON:0005742 + + + adventitia + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg + + + + + An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. + Wikipedia:Adventitia + + + + + MESH:D063194 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + tunica advetitia + Wikipedia:Adventitia + + + + + tunica externa + FMA:45635 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. + in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). + foramen + AAO:0010438 + TAO:0001736 + VHOG:0001760 + ZFA:0005386 + uberon + UBERON:0005744 + + bone foramen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png + + + + + Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. + TAO:curator + + + + + in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). + FMA + + + + + foramen + ZFA:0005386 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. + + + + FMA:63871 + uberon + UBERON:0005764 + + acellular membrane + + + + + An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. + this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. + + AAO:0010596 + FMA:63872 + GAID:915 + NCIT:C13191 + SCTID:68989006 + UMLS:C0004799 + Wikipedia:Basement_membrane + basement membrane of connective tissue + membrana basalis + uberon + basement membrane + UBERON:0005769 + basement membrane of epithelium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. + Wikipedia:Basement_membrane + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + http://palaeos.com/metazoa/porifera/homoscleromorpha.html + + + + + UMLS:C0004799 + ncithesaurus:Basement_Membrane + + + + + basement membrane of connective tissue + FMA:63872 + + + + + membrana basalis + Wikipedia:Basement_membrane + + + + + + basement membrane + FMA:63872 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. + FMA:13087 + NCIT:C34027 + SCTID:119203005 + UMLS:C0506947 + aortic section + uberon + aortic segment + portion of aorta + segment of aorta + UBERON:0005800 + section of aorta + + + + + Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. + ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment + + + + + UMLS:C0506947 + ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment + + + + + aortic segment + FMA:13087 + + + + + segment of aorta + FMA:13087 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. + Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch + relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO] + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011029 + BTO:0004673 + EHDAA:402 + EMAPA:18606 + SCTID:338637006 + TAO:0000014 + VHOG:0000264 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta + XAO:0000051 + ZFA:0000014 + DA + aorta dorsalis + uberon + aortae dorsales + dorsal aorta root + dorsal aortae + dorsal aortic root + dorsal aortæ + UBERON:0005805 + + dorsal aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray459.png + + + + + The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. + GO:0035907 + https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/8525/ + + + + + Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta + + + + + Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000014 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch + BTO:0004673 + + + + + relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000014 + TAO + + + + + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000264 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + DA + ZFA:0000014 + + + + + aorta dorsalis + XAO:0000051 + + + + + + aortae dorsales + Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta + + + + + + dorsal aorta root + VHOG:0000264 + + + + + dorsal aortae + Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta + + + + + + dorsal aortic root + VHOG:0000264 + + + + + dorsal aortæ + Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. + FMA:45628 + MESH:D011168 + NCIT:C33344 + SCTID:362063001 + UMLS:C0226727 + Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system + portal venous system + uberon + UBERON:0005806 + portal system + + + + + In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. + Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system + + + + + UMLS:C0226727 + ncithesaurus:Portal_Venous_System + + + + + portal venous system + FMA:45628 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term + BIRNLEX:2665 + FMA:62420 + MA:0003080 + SCTID:278748001 + axial part of spinal cord + axial regional part of spinal cord + segment of spinal cord + uberon + spinal neuromeres + UBERON:0005844 + spinal cord segment + + + + + axial part of spinal cord + BIRNLEX:2665 + + + + + axial regional part of spinal cord + BIRNLEX:2665 + + + + + segment of spinal cord + FMA:62420 + + + + + spinal neuromeres + TAO:0001332 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region. + FMA:256635 + MA:0003084 + SCTID:278753006 + neuronames:1656 + coccygeal segment of spinal cord + coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] + pars coccygea medullae spinalis + segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] + uberon + segmenta coccygea + UBERON:0005845 + for spinal cord segments, we treat coccygeal/caudal as synonyms - we only differentiate where bone is concerned + caudal segment of spinal cord + + + + + A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + coccygeal segment of spinal cord + FMA:256635 + + + + + coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] + FMA:256635 + + + + + pars coccygea medullae spinalis + FMA:256635 + FMA:TA + + + + + + segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] + FMA:256635 + FMA:TA + + + + + + segmenta coccygea + NeuroNames:1656 + + + + + + + + + + + + A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. + AEO:0000148 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 + EHDAA:8979 + mesenchyme condensation + uberon + UBERON:0005856 + developing mesenchymal condensation + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + AEO-modified-relation + + + + + A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. + AEO:0000148 + + + + + mesenchyme condensation + EMAPA:25351 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. + isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO + AEO:0000147 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 + EMAPA:32731 + VSAO:0000092 + XAO:0004022 + cartilage condensation + cartilagenous condensation + chondrogenic condensation + uberon + UBERON:0005863 + cartilaginous condensation + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. + GO:curator + + + + + isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO + VSAO + + + + + cartilage condensation + EMAPA:25353 + + + + + cartilagenous condensation + EHDAA2:0003147 + + + + + chondrogenic condensation + VSAO:0000092 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UBERON:0008714 + AEO:0000149 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003149 + pre muscle mass + premuscle mass + uberon + UBERON:0005865 + pre-muscle condensation + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. + A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. + AEO:0000150 + EHDAA2:0003150 + EMAPA:32736 + pre-chondrogenic condensation + precartilage condensation + precartilagenous condensation + prechondrogenic condensation + uberon + UBERON:0005866 + pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. + AEO:0000150 + AEO:JB + + + + + A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. + http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/precartilage + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. + check develops_from + EHDAA2:0001061 + EHDAA:5871 + EMAPA:17355 + FMA:293051 + NCIT:C34204 + UMLS:C1512982 + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence + uberon + mandibular process + mandibular swelling + prominentia mandibularis + UBERON:0005867 + + mandibular prominence + + + + + The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010939 + + + + + UMLS:C1512982 + ncithesaurus:Mandibular_Prominence + + + + + mandibular process + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence + + + + + mandibular swelling + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + prominentia mandibularis + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. + EHDAA2:0001070 + EHDAA:5877 + EMAPA:17359 + FMA:293049 + NCIT:C34206 + SCTID:346355001 + UMLS:C1513037 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence + embryonic maxillary process + maxillary process + maxillary process of embryo + uberon + prominentia maxilaris + UBERON:0005868 + + maxillary prominence + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png + + + + + The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010940 + + + + + UMLS:C1513037 + ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Prominence + + + + + maxillary process + EHDAA2:0001070 + + + + + prominentia maxilaris + Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. + TODO - check + An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.[AAO] + Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occiptal condyle.[TAO] + AAO:0010199 + BTO:0004675 + FMA:49187 + MESH:D009778 + SCTID:362618001 + TAO:0001414 + XAO:0003173 + ZFA:0001414 + neuronames:2431 + basicranial region + occipital part of head + occipital region of head + uberon + back of head + UBERON:0005902 + occipital region + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. + TAO:0001414 + UBERONREF:0000007 + + + + + An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010199 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occiptal condyle.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001414 + TAO + TAO:MAH + + + + + MESH:D009778 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + basicranial region + ZFA:0001414 + + + + + occipital part of head + FMA:49187 + + + + + occipital region of head + FMA:49187 + + + + + back of head + FMA:49187 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. + + FMA:9689 + SCTID:362890006 + uberon + UBERON:0005906 + See notes for serous membrane + serous sac + + + + + Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. + FMA:9689 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. + FMA:69065 + endoderm-derived epithelium + endoepithelium + uberon + UBERON:0005911 + endo-epithelium + + + + + Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. + FMA:69065 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:10483 + bone organ zone + uberon + UBERON:0005913 + zone of bone organ + + + + + + FMA + + + + + bone organ zone + FMA:10483 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. + + Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] + + AAO:0000963 + EMAPA:17214 + EMAPA:18043 + MA:0000308 + NCIT:C32172 + SCTID:361725000 + UMLS:C0222645 + VSAO:0000056 + Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton + XAO:0004011 + uberon + skeleton axiale + UBERON:0005944 + + + + axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg + + + + + Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. + FMA:71221 + VSAO:0000056 + Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/44 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000056 + VSAO + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + UMLS:C0222645 + ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton + + + + + skeleton axiale + Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + trabecula + trabecular cartilage + EFO:0003677 + TAO:0001321 + ZFA:0001321 + neurocranial trabeculae + uberon + UBERON:0005945 + + neurocranial trabecula + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + trabecula + ZFA:0001321 + + + + + + trabecular cartilage + ZFA:0001321 + + + + + neurocranial trabeculae + ZFA:0001321 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. + FMA:14141 + outflow part of atrium + uberon + UBERON:0005946 + outflow tract of atrium + + + + + An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + outflow part of atrium + FMA:14141 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. + infundibulum + EMAPA:37926 + FMA:7216 + NCIT:C61368 + SCTID:244379003 + UMLS:C1881209 + RVOT + conus arteriosus (infundibulum) + infundibulum of right ventricle + outflow tract of right ventricle + pulmonary conus + right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract + right ventricular outflow tract + uberon + arterial cone + conus arteriosus + pulmonary cone + pulmonary conus + UBERON:0005953 + outflow part of right ventricle + + + + + + + + + + PMID:17276708 + + + + + Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. + MP:0010428 + + + + + infundibulum + Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus + + + + + EMAPA:37926 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1881209 + ncithesaurus:Infundibulum + + + + + RVOT + MP:0010428 + + + + + + conus arteriosus (infundibulum) + FMA:7216 + + + + + infundibulum of right ventricle + FMA:7216 + MP:0010428 + + + + + outflow tract of right ventricle + FMA:7216 + + + + + pulmonary conus + FMA:7216 + + + + + right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract + MP:0010428 + + + + + right ventricular outflow tract + MP:0010428 + + + + + arterial cone + MP:0010428 + + + + + conus arteriosus + MP:0010428 + + + + + pulmonary cone + MP:0010428 + + + + + pulmonary conus + MP:0010428 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. + EMAPA:37925 + FMA:9473 + SCTID:264070001 + Wikipedia:Aortic_vestibule + LVOT + Sibson vestibule + aortic vestibule + heart left ventricle outflow tract + left ventricular outflow + left ventricular outflow tract + outflow tract of left ventricle + vestibulum aortae + uberon + UBERON:0005956 + + outflow part of left ventricle + + + + + Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. + MP:0010429 + + + + + EMAPA:37925 + MA:th + + + + + LVOT + MP:0010429 + + + + + + Sibson vestibule + MP:0010429 + + + + + aortic vestibule + FMA:9473 + MP:0010429 + + + + + heart left ventricle outflow tract + MP:0010429 + + + + + left ventricular outflow + FMA:9473 + + + + + left ventricular outflow tract + HP:0011103 + + + + + outflow tract of left ventricle + FMA:9473 + + + + + vestibulum aortae + FMA:9473 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. + FMA:9550 + main part of right atrium + outflow tract of right atrium + uberon + UBERON:0005965 + outflow part of right atrium + + + + + Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. + FMA:9550 + FMA:FMA + + + + + main part of right atrium + FMA:9550 + + + + + outflow tract of right atrium + FMA:9550 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. + FMA:9551 + main part of left atrium + outflow tract of left atrium + uberon + UBERON:0005966 + outflow part of left atrium + + + + + An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + main part of left atrium + FMA:9551 + + + + + outflow tract of left atrium + FMA:9551 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium. + EMAPA:37837 + FMA:9236 + SCTID:277693004 + Wikipedia:Crista_terminalis + crista terminalis atrii dextri + crista terminalis cordis + crista terminalis of right atrium + uberon + UBERON:0005979 + + crista terminalis + + + + + The vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium. + MP:0010495 + + + + + EMAPA:37837 + MA:th + + + + + crista terminalis atrii dextri + FMA:9236 + FMA:TA + + + + + + crista terminalis cordis + FMA:9236 + + + + + crista terminalis of right atrium + FMA:9236 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The laminar structure of the heart. + uberon + UBERON:0005983 + + + heart layer + + + + + The laminar structure of the heart. + MP:0010545 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. + TODO - change relation from part_of + MESH:D003331 + Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation + uberon + UBERON:0005985 + + coronary vessel + + + + + Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. + MP:0010551 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. + EMAPA:37432 + ZFA:0005810 + atrial trabecula + atrium myocardial trabeculae + trabecula of atrium + trabecular layer of atrium + trabecular layer of the atrium + uberon + UBERON:0005988 + + atrium myocardial trabecula + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. + MP:0010581 + ZFA:0005810 + + + + + EMAPA:37432 + MA:th + + + + + atrium myocardial trabeculae + MP:0010581 + + + + + + trabecular layer of the atrium + ZFA:0005810 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. + EMAPA:37431 + FMA:7136 + SCTID:280151006 + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_septum + membranous atrioventricular septum + uberon + UBERON:0005989 + + atrioventricular septum + + + + + + + + + + PMID:15797462 + Wikipedia + + + + + The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. + MP:0010592 + + + + + EMAPA:37431 + MA:th + + + + + membranous atrioventricular septum + FMA:7136 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. + EHDAA2:0002208 + EMAPA:16207 + Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries + uberon + UBERON:0006002 + + Development notes:; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult[MP:0010664] + vitelline artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png + + + + + + + + + + ventral branch + + + + + The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. + MP:0010664 + Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. + add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. + the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] + EMAPA:37883 + Wikipedia:Skin_appendage + body hair or bristle + uberon + adnexae cutis + skin adnexa + skin adnexal structure + skin appendage + UBERON:0006003 + + integumentary adnexa + + + + + Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. + http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=5 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] + MP:0010678 + + + + + EMAPA:37883 + MA:th + + + + + body hair or bristle + GO:GO + + + + + adnexae cutis + Wikipedia:Skin_appendage + + + + + + skin adnexa + Wikipedia:Skin_appendage + + + + + skin appendage + Wikipedia:Skin_appendage + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0006056 + posterior surface of head + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a post-anal tail. + MA has distinct classes for 'tail bone', 'caudal vertebra' and 'coccygeal vertebra' but these may all be equivalent. This class may be obsoleted in future. + EMAPA:18042 + MA:0000696 + uberon + tail bone + tail vertebra + UBERON:0006068 + + bone of tail + + + + + A bone that is part of a post-anal tail. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MA has distinct classes for 'tail bone', 'caudal vertebra' and 'coccygeal vertebra' but these may all be equivalent. This class may be obsoleted in future. + MA + + + + + tail bone + MA:0000696 + + + + + tail vertebra + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of an organism along anterior-posterior axis that is the posteriormost region, extending past the anus (or cloaca, if present), consisting of a tail in some fully formed chordates (or a tail bud in embryos). In animals that have a sacral region, this is the region immediately posterior to this. + This region is reduced in humans and corresponds to the coccyx + We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud + XAO:0000087 + uberon + post-anal caudal region + post-anal tail region + postsacral region + tail region + UBERON:0006071 + caudal region + + + + + Subdivision of an organism along anterior-posterior axis that is the posteriormost region, extending past the anus (or cloaca, if present), consisting of a tail in some fully formed chordates (or a tail bud in embryos). In animals that have a sacral region, this is the region immediately posterior to this. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud + XAO + + + + + post-anal caudal region + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + post-anal tail region + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + postsacral region + AAO:0000082 + + + + + tail region + AAO:0000082 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. + Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.[AAO] + AAO:0000092 + BTO:0004148 + EHDAA2:0000238 + EHDAA:5051 + EMAPA:17215 + FMA:24138 + MA:0003154 + NCIT:C69313 + SCTID:260488005 + UMLS:C0728985 + axial skeleton cervical region + cervical skeleton + cervical spinal column + cervical spine + cervical vertebrae series + cervical vertebral column + uberon + skeletal system of neck + UBERON:0006072 + + cervical region of vertebral column + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ + + + + + Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000092 + AAO + AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + + + UMLS:C0728985 + ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spine + + + + + axial skeleton cervical region + MA:0003154 + + + + + cervical skeleton + EHDAA2:0000238 + + + + + cervical spinal column + FMA:24138 + + + + + cervical spine + FMA:24138 + + + + + cervical vertebral column + FMA:24138 + + + + + skeletal system of neck + FMA:24138 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. + Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] + AAO:0000612 + BTO:0004150 + EHDAA:5063 + EMAPA:17396 + FMA:9140 + MA:0003155 + NCIT:C69315 + SCTID:243931006 + UMLS:C0581269 + axial skeleton thoracic region + columna vertebralis thoracicus + thoracic spine + thoracic vertebrae series + thoracic vertebral column + uberon + UBERON:0006073 + + thoracic region of vertebral column + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ + + + + + Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000612 + AAO + AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + + + UMLS:C0581269 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine + + + + + axial skeleton thoracic region + MA:0003155 + + + + + columna vertebralis thoracicus + FMA:9140 + + + + + thoracic spine + FMA:9140 + + + + + thoracic vertebral column + FMA:9140 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae. + Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO] + in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region + AAO:0000082 + EMAPA:18043 + MA:0003158 + axial skeleton tail region + caudal skeleton + caudal vertebrae series + uberon + caudal region + postsacral region + tail region + UBERON:0006076 + caudal region of vertebral column + + + + + Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae. + UBERONREF:0000006 + + + + + Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000082 + AAO + AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + + + in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region + AAO + + + + + axial skeleton tail region + MA:0003158 + + + + + caudal skeleton + UBERONREF:0000006 + + + + + caudal vertebrae series + http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/provisional/a047a2d5-418f-4d9c-ad21-ee0b7c29c29d + + + + + caudal region + AAO:0000082 + + + + + postsacral region + AAO:0000082 + + + + + tail region + AAO:0000082 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. + FMA:16201 + subdivision of vertebral skeleton + vertebrae series + vertebral column subdivision + vertebral series + uberon + vertebral region + vertebral subdivision + UBERON:0006077 + + subdivision of vertebral column + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + subdivision of vertebral skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vertebral column subdivision + FMA:16201 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. + UBERON:0005999 + CALOHA:TS-2409 + EHDAA2:0000136 + EHDAA:2592 + EMAPA:16827 + VHOG:0000502 + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + aortico-pulmonary septum + aorticopulmonary septum + septum aorticopulmonale + uberon + aortic septum + spiral septum + UBERON:0006207 + + + aortico-pulmonary spiral septum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray470.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + + PMID:6844926 + Wikipedia + + + + + The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. + MP:0010650 + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + aortico-pulmonary septum + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + aorticopulmonary septum + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + septum aorticopulmonale + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + + aortic septum + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + spiral septum + Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. + EHDAA2:0000189 + EHDAA:536 + EMAPA:16259 + FMA:313607 + SCTID:361412007 + VHOG:0000380 + Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane + uberon + oral membrane + oral plate + oropharyngeal membrane + pharyngeal membrane + UBERON:0006211 + + + buccopharyngeal membrane + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. + MP:0012521 + + + + + oral membrane + MP:0012521 + + + + + oral plate + MP:0012521 + + + + + oropharyngeal membrane + Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane + + + + + pharyngeal membrane + MP:0012521 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA:1267 + EMAPA:16342 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000268 + uberon + UBERON:0006218 + + common atrial chamber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + consider obsoleting, the ethmoid is endochondral? + EHDAA2:0000456 + EHDAA:8363 + EMAPA:18023 + FMA:312597 + uberon + UBERON:0006227 + + ethmoid bone primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + AAO + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000569 + EHDAA:526 + EMAPA:16363 + VHOG:0000291 + uberon + UBERON:0006235 + + foregut-midgut junction + + + + + An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000291 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0000577 + EHDAA:9540 + EMAPA:18017 + FMA:312589 + frontal bone primordium + uberon + UBERON:0006236 + + tetrapod frontal bone primordium + + + + + frontal bone primordium + EHDAA2:0000577 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic precursor of the brain. + The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) + BAMS:Enc + BTO:0004726 + EFO:0003431 + EHDAA:300 + EHDAA:830 + EMAPA:16089 + FMA:312967 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 + TAO:0000146 + ZFA:0000146 + brain rudiment + presumptive brain + encephalon + uberon + embryonic brain + UBERON:0006238 + + + + + future brain + + + + + The embryonic precursor of the brain. + NLX:94995 + + + + + The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cumbo_terms + + + + + brain rudiment + TAO:0000146 + + + + + presumptive brain + ZFA:0000146 + + + + + encephalon + NLX:94995 + + + + + embryonic brain + BTO:0004726 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. + The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. + EHDAA2:0000593 + EHDAA:4118 + EMAPA:25035 + uberon + cranial derivative of septum transversum + cranial part of septum transversum + UBERON:0006239 + + future central tendon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + mesenchyme + cranial part + Wikipedia + + + + + A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cranial derivative of septum transversum + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial part of septum transversum + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EFO:0003438 + EHDAA2:0000674 + EHDAA:898 + EMAPA:16092 + EMAPA:16755 + TAO:0000417 + ZFA:0000417 + presumptive spinal cord + presumptive spinal cord neural keel + presumptive spinal cord neural plate + presumptive spinal cord neural rod + uberon + UBERON:0006241 + + + future spinal cord + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + presumptive spinal cord + ZFA:0000417 + + + + + presumptive spinal cord neural keel + TAO:0000417 + + + + + presumptive spinal cord neural plate + TAO:0000417 + + + + + presumptive spinal cord neural rod + TAO:0000417 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. + EHDAA2:0000700 + EHDAA:3047 + EMAPA:16713 + XAO:0004205 + gall bladder primordium + uberon + UBERON:0006242 + + gallbladder primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. + ISBN:0815318960 + XAO:0004205 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. + EHDAA:534 + EMAPA:16258 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 + VHOG:0000592 + uberon + UBERON:0006264 + + mouth-foregut junction + + + + + An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. + TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB + The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001278 + EHDAA:264 + EMAPA:16101 + NCIT:C34231 + UMLS:C1518429 + VHOG:0001212 + uberon + UBERON:0006267 + + notochordal plate + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. + VHOG:0001212 + + + + + The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001212 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1518429 + ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. + EHDAA2:0001279 + EHDAA:224 + EMAPA:16102 + FMA:293135 + NCIT:C34232 + UMLS:C1518430 + VHOG:0001213 + uberon + chordamesoderm + presumptive notochord + UBERON:0006268 + + The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. + notochordal process + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. + http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/05embryonicperiod.htm + + + + + UMLS:C1518430 + ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. + EHDAA2:0001328 + EHDAA:10648 + EMAPA:18717 + SCTID:280546005 + uberon + UBERON:0006271 + + orbital fissure + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. + http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/orbital%20fissure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. + Each of the canal that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. [ISBN:0124020607][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001481 + EHDAA:4128 + EMAPA:17704 + EMAPA:17707 + SCTID:361413002 + VHOG:0001505 + uberon + pleuroperitoneal channel + UBERON:0006279 + + pleuroperitoneal canal + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. + ISBN:0124020607 + VHOG:0001505 + + + + + Each of the canal that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. [ISBN:0124020607][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001505 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + pleuroperitoneal channel + VHOG:0001505 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. + UBERON:0010226 + embryonic ventricle + EHDAA2:0001531 + EMAPA:16350 + FMA:71006 + NCIT:C34160 + SCTID:361524003 + TAO:0002231 + Wikipedia:Embryonic_ventricle + ZFA:0001719 + early heart ventricle + embryonic heart ventricle + future heart ventricle + presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube + primitive ventricle + primitive ventricle of heart + primordial cardiac ventricle + primordial ventricle + uberon + UBERON:0006283 + The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP] + future cardiac ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. + ZFA:0001719 + + + + + presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube + ZFA:0001719 + + + + + primitive ventricle + EHDAA2:0001531 + + + + + primitive ventricle of heart + EMAPA:16350 + + + + + primordial cardiac ventricle + FMA:71006 + + + + + primordial ventricle + FMA:71006 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. + check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme + UBERON:0009750 + EHDAA2:0001904 + EHDAA:3003 + EMAPA:18535 + XAO:0000326 + spleen mesenchyme + splenic mesenchyme + splenic primordium + left spleen primordium + uberon + UBERON:0006293 + + spleen primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + + EHDAA2-modified + + + + + + XAO + + + + + A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. + ISBN:0123747295 + MP:0011263 + + + + + check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme + EMAPA + + + + + spleen mesenchyme + MP:0011263 + + + + + splenic mesenchyme + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + splenic primordium + EHDAA2:0001904 + + + + + left spleen primordium + XAO:0000326 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA:924 + EMAPA:16663 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 + trigeminal V preganglion + uberon + trigeminal preganglion + UBERON:0006304 + + See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/13 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 -- consider merging into trigeminal ganglion, as this complicates the model + future trigeminal ganglion + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + trigeminal V preganglion + EMAPA:16663 + + + + + trigeminal preganglion + EMAPA:16663 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. + BTO:0002085 + EMAPA:37529 + FMA:58071 + MA:0002459 + NCIT:C32301 + SCTID:280540004 + UMLS:C0459556 + eye chamber + eyeball chamber + uberon + chamber of eye + UBERON:0006311 + chamber of eyeball + + + + + A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37529 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0459556 + ncithesaurus:Chamber_of_the_Eye + + + + + eye chamber + MA:0002459 + + + + + eyeball chamber + FMA:58071 + + + + + chamber of eye + BTO:0002085 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. + ocular refraction + MA:0001911 + uberon + UBERON:0006312 + ocular refractive media + + + + + Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. + fluid + BIRNLEX:20 + EMAPA:37441 + FMA:280556 + GAID:266 + MESH:D001826 + Wikipedia:Body_fluid + galen:BodyFluid + body fluid + uberon + UBERON:0006314 + + bodily fluid + + + + + Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. + MESH:A12.207 + Wikipedia:Body_fluid + + + + + EMAPA:37441 + MA:th + + + + + body fluid + GAID:266 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. + EMAPA:32790 + MA:0000821 + uberon + brain stem nucleus + UBERON:0006331 + brainstem nucleus + + + + + A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + brain stem nucleus + EMAPA:32790 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that connects two larger arteries. + EMAPA:18598 + MA:0001938 + NCIT:C52851 + UMLS:C1707451 + uberon + UBERON:0006347 + Grouping for anterior and posterior + communicating artery + + + + + An artery that connects two larger arteries. + ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery + + + + + UMLS:C1707451 + ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lobe of lung that is part of a right lung. + 4 in mice, divided into 3 in human by two interlobal fissures + EMAPA:35155 + MA:0001791 + NCIT:C48944 + SCTID:272654004 + UMLS:C1285106 + lobe of right lung + lobe of the right lung + uberon + UBERON:0006518 + right lung lobe + + + + + A lobe of lung that is part of a right lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + 4 in mice, divided into 3 in human by two interlobal fissures + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1285106 + ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung + + + + + lobe of the right lung + ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. + MA:0002537 + skin fluid/secretion + uberon + skin fluid + skin substance + UBERON:0006535 + skin secretion + + + + + A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + skin fluid/secretion + MA:0002537 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. + MA:0002510 + female reproductive system fluid/secretion + uberon + female reproductive system fluid + female reproductive system secretion + UBERON:0006537 + female reproductive gland secretion + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + female reproductive system fluid/secretion + MA:0002510 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. + EMAPA:36550 + MA:0002533 + NCIT:C13722 + UMLS:C1514899 + uberon + respiratory system fluid + respiratory system secretion + UBERON:0006538 + respiratory system fluid/secretion + + + + + A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1514899 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System_Fluid_or_Secretion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tube that is part of a excretory system. + uberon + UBERON:0006555 + excretory tube + + + + + A tube that is part of a excretory system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. + currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. + 2023-04-20 + branchial + pharyngeal + MAT:0000049 + MESH:D010614 + MIAA:0000049 + uberon + anterior part of foregut + pharyngeal tube + UBERON:0006562 + + + pharynx + + + + + The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. + GO:0060465 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. + FMA:85030 + uberon + UBERON:0006563 + tunica media of pulmonary trunk + + + + + Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. + FMA:85030 + FMA:FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. + EMAPA:17339 + FMA:9558 + MA:0002983 + SCTID:362021000 + left ventricular myocardium + myocardium of left ventricle + uberon + UBERON:0006566 + + left ventricle myocardium + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. + FMA:9558 + + + + + left ventricular myocardium + FMA:9558 + + + + + myocardium of left ventricle + FMA:9558 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. + EMAPA:17342 + FMA:9535 + MA:0002984 + SCTID:362020004 + myocardium of right ventricle + right ventricular myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0006567 + + + right ventricle myocardium + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. + FMA:9535 + + + + + myocardium of right ventricle + FMA:9535 + + + + + right ventricular myocardium + FMA:9535 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart right ventricle. + FMA:7270 + SCTID:192373001 + trabeculae carneae (ventriculus dexter) + uberon + UBERON:0006570 + trabecula carnea of right ventricle + + + + + A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart right ventricle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabeculae carneae (ventriculus dexter) + FMA:7270 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart left ventricle. + FMA:7271 + SCTID:190344008 + trabeculae carneae (ventriculus sinister) + uberon + UBERON:0006571 + trabecula carnea of left ventricle + + + + + A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart left ventricle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabeculae carneae (ventriculus sinister) + FMA:7271 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. + FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs + EMAPA:19159 + FMA:75383 + NCIT:C34245 + SCTID:245445008 + UMLS:C0821671 + Wikipedia:Pectinate_line + linea pectinata canalis analis + pectinate line of anal canal + uberon + Hilton's 'white line' + dentate line + linea anocutanea + recto-anal junction + site of anal membrane + UBERON:0006574 + pectinate line + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Hemorrhoid.png + + + + + The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. + Wikipedia:Pectinate_line + + + + + FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0821671 + ncithesaurus:Pectinate_Line + + + + + linea pectinata canalis analis + FMA:75383 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pectinate line of anal canal + FMA:75383 + + + + + Hilton's 'white line' + EMAPA:19159 + + + + + dentate line + Wikipedia:Pectinate_line + + + + + linea anocutanea + Wikipedia:Pectinate_line + + + + + + recto-anal junction + Wikipedia:Pectinate_line + + + + + site of anal membrane + EMAPA:19159 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. + AAO:0000471 + EFO:0003437 + TAO:0000416 + ZFA:0000416 + uberon + UBERON:0006595 + + presumptive endoderm + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AAO:0000468 + EFO:0003439 + TAO:0000568 + ZFA:0000568 + future blood + uberon + UBERON:0006596 + + presumptive blood + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. + Consider merging with anlage + AAO:0000479 + TAO:0001116 + ZFA:0001116 + future structure + presumptive structures + uberon + UBERON:0006598 + presumptive structure + + + + + Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. + GOC:CVS + GOC:YMB + ZFA:0001116 + + + + + presumptive structures + ZFA:0001116 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. + AAO:0000470 + EFO:0003466 + TAO:0001376 + XAO:0004132 + ZFA:0001376 + uberon + presumptive epidermis + UBERON:0006601 + + presumptive ectoderm + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + presumptive epidermis + ZFA:0001376 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. + AAO:0000476 + EFO:0003467 + TAO:0001377 + ZFA:0001377 + uberon + UBERON:0006603 + + presumptive mesoderm + + + + + Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. + currently this class conflates a generic layer of muscle and a specific layer found lining the digestive tract (the muscularis externa), typically composed of circular and longitudinal layers (although this varies) + + + An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length[BTO]. + typically smooth muscle, but there may be exceptions - in the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle. + BTO:0004838 + SCTID:86915006 + UMLS:C0225358 + Wikipedia:Muscular_layer + muscular layer + muscularis layer + tunica muscularis + uberon + muscular coat + muscularis + muscularis externa + muscularis propria + transverse muscular fibers + tunica externa + tunica muscularis + UBERON:0006660 + muscular coat + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. + Wikipedia:Muscular_layer + + + + + An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length[BTO]. + BTO:0004838 + + + + + UMLS:C0225358 + ncithesaurus:Muscle_Layer + + + + + muscular layer + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscularis layer + FMA:45634 + + + + + tunica muscularis + BTO:0004838 + + + + + + muscular coat + Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa + + + + + muscularis externa + BTO:0004838 + + + + + muscularis propria + Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa + + + + + transverse muscular fibers + Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa + + + + + tunica externa + BTO:0004838 + + + + + tunica muscularis + Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. + In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG] + EMAPA:17702 + FMA:58279 + NCIT:C34119 + SCTID:244943002 + UMLS:C0230162 + VHOG:0001399 + Wikipedia:Central_tendon_of_diaphragm + central tendon + centrum tendineum + centrum tendineum diaphragmatis + uberon + UBERON:0006670 + + central tendon of diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + VHOG + + + + + + definitional + + + + + The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. + MGI:csmith + MP:0012061 + + + + + In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001399 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2006.06.003 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0230162 + ncithesaurus:Central_Tendon_of_the_Diaphragm + + + + + central tendon + FMA:58279 + + + + + centrum tendineum + FMA:58279 + + + + + centrum tendineum diaphragmatis + FMA:58279 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. + FMA:70997 + epithelium surface + uberon + UBERON:0006677 + surface of epithelium + + + + + An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium surface + FMA:70997 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a vertebral column. + EMAPA:18255 + FMA:76735 + MA:0002108 + SCTID:181376008 + Wikipedia:Spinal_veins + vena spinalis + uberon + spinal branch + UBERON:0006686 + spinal vein + + + + + A vein that is part of a vertebral column. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena spinalis + FMA:76735 + FMA:TA + + + + + + spinal branch + FMA:76735 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. + TODO - check neural vs vertebral canal; embryonic vs adult? + Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.[AAO] + AAO:0000693 + FMA:9680 + GAID:242 + MESH:D013115 + NCIT:C33869 + NCIT:C34221 + SCTID:361746009 + UMLS:C0037922 + UMLS:C1522467 + Wikipedia:Spinal_canal + uberon + c. vertebralis + foramen vertebrale + neural canal + spinal canal + spinal cavity + vertebral canal + UBERON:0006692 + + vertebral canal + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray82.png + + + + + A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. + Wikipedia:Spinal_canal + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000693 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + MESH:D013115 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0037922 + ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Canal + + + + + UMLS:C1522467 + ncithesaurus:Neural_Canal + + + + + c. vertebralis + Wikipedia:Spinal_canal + + + + + + foramen vertebrale + AAO:0000693 + + + + + neural canal + AAO:0000693 + + + + + spinal canal + AAO:0000693 + + + + + spinal cavity + Wikipedia:Spinal_canal + + + + + vertebral canal + Wikipedia:Spinal_canal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. + + EFO:0001403 + EMAPA:37835 + FMA:58342 + GAID:896 + MESH:D016850 + SCTID:63716004 + Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus + ZFA:0005570 + cornea limbus + corneal limbus + corneal-scleral limbus + corneoscleral junction + limbus corneae + sclerocorneal junction + sclerocorneal limbus + uberon + limbus corneae + UBERON:0006761 + + + + + This location has parts such as blood vessels etc. See PMC2868485, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2695343 + corneo-scleral junction + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Limbus.png + + + + + The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. + MP:0013477 + + + + + EMAPA:37835 + MA:th + + + + + corneal limbus + FMA:58342 + GAID:896 + + + + + corneal-scleral limbus + PMID:17051547 + + + + + corneoscleral junction + GAID:896 + + + + + limbus corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus + + + + + + sclerocorneal junction + FMA:58342 + + + + + sclerocorneal limbus + GAID:896 + + + + + limbus corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. + consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue + BTO:0002991 + NCIT:C43370 + NCIT:C45715 + UMLS:C0682578 + UMLS:C1708242 + uberon + UBERON:0006799 + glandular epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0682578 + ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelium + + + + + UMLS:C1708242 + ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelial_Tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. + Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + cushions body organs + AAO:0000027 + FMA:63897 + SCTID:68477002 + loose areolar connective tissue + uberon + areolar tissue + loose connective tissue + UBERON:0006815 + areolar connective tissue + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. + FMA:63897 + + + + + Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000027 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000027 + AAO + + + + + cushions body organs + AAO + + + + + loose areolar connective tissue + FMA:63897 + + + + + loose connective tissue + AAO:0000027 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]. + Not present in any AO. Note that WP states that trabecular carnea are ventricular and 'They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right and left atria only' + uberon + UBERON:0006828 + trabecula carnea of atrium + + + + + The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]. + MP:0010581 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. + uterus + FBbt:00004924 + TADS:0000421 + WBbt:0006760 + uberon + UBERON:0006834 + + uterus or analog + + + + + A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + uterus + FBbt:00004924 + + + + + + FBbt:00004924 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. + + central vein + FMA:17544 + NCIT:C32281 + SCTID:272023004 + TAO:0005168 + Wikipedia:Central_veins_of_liver + ZFA:0005168 + terminal branch of hepatic vein + terminal hepatic venule + vena centralis (hepar) + uberon + UBERON:0006841 + + + central vein of liver + + + + + Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. + ZFA:0005168 + + + + + central vein + ZFA:0005168 + + + + + terminal branch of hepatic vein + FMA:17544 + + + + + terminal hepatic venule + FMA:17544 + + + + + vena centralis (hepar) + FMA:17544 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A furrow or an incomplete tube. + AEO:0000161 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003161 + uberon + groove + UBERON:0006846 + + Surface groove is modelled as immaterial - see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2667 for discussion + surface groove + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2667 + + + + + A furrow or an incomplete tube. + AEO:0000161 + AEO:JB + https://github.com/obophenotype/human-developmental-anatomy-ontology/issues/4 + + + + + groove + AEO:0000161 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. + this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future. + FBbt:00005756 + WBbt:0005773 + rectum + uberon + rectal part of digestive tract + terminal section of digestive tract + UBERON:0006866 + terminal part of digestive tract + + + + + The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00005756 + + + + + + rectum + FBbt:00005756 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a organ. + FMA:74612 + organ vasculature + set of blood vessels of organ + uberon + UBERON:0006876 + + vasculature of organ + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a organ. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ vasculature + FMA:74612 + + + + + set of blood vessels of organ + FMA:74612 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a liver. + the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check + EHDAA2:0003454 + EMAPA:35501 + FMA:73748 + hepatic vasculature + uberon + hepatic vascular element + liver vascular element + liver vascular system + UBERON:0006877 + + vasculature of liver + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check + EHDAA2 + + + + + hepatic vasculature + FMA:73748 + + + + + hepatic vascular element + EMAPA:35501 + + + + + liver vascular element + EMAPA:35501 + + + + + liver vascular system + EHDAA2:0003454 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. + merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme + AAO:0011051 + EFO:0003337 + EFO:0003603 + EHDAA2:0001118 + EHDAA:655 + EMAPA:16099 + EMAPA_RETIRED:16270 + FMA:293859 + TAO:0000998 + VHOG:0000185 + XAO:0000053 + ZFA:0000998 + head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm + head mesenchyme from head mesoderm + head mesenchyme from mesoderm + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm + mesenchyme from head mesoderm + uberon + cranial mesoderm + head mesoderm + UBERON:0006904 + + + head mesenchyme from mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + XAO + + + + + A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head mesenchyme from head mesoderm + EHDAA2:0001118 + + + + + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm + EHDAA:1057 + + + + + cranial mesoderm + UBERON:0005280 + + + + + head mesoderm + AAO:0011051 + UBERON:0005280 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. + EHDAA2:0001062 + EHDAA:5861 + EHDAA:5873 + EMAPA:17357 + mesenchyme of mandibular process + mesenchyme of mandibular prominence + uberon + UBERON:0006905 + mandibular process mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of mandibular process + EMAPA:17357 + + + + + mesenchyme of mandibular prominence + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. + BTO:0000349 + EMAPA:32908 + FMA:45677 + digestive tract lumen + gut cavity + gut lumen + lumen of alimentary tract + lumen of digestive tract + lumen of gut + uberon + UBERON:0006909 + lumen of digestive tract + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + digestive tract lumen + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + gut cavity + BTO:0000349 + + + + + gut lumen + FMA:45677 + + + + + lumen of alimentary tract + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lumen of digestive tract + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lumen of gut + FMA:45677 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lip. + The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] + BTO:0004468 + TAO:0005334 + ZFA:0005334 + uberon + UBERON:0006913 + lip epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a lip. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005334 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. + FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium + BTO:0002072 + NCIT:C12848 + SCTID:40118003 + UMLS:C0221909 + Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0006914 + squamous epithelium + + + + + An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. + Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium + + + + + FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium + FBbt + + + + + UMLS:C0221909 + ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. + FMA:45563 + NCIT:C13180 + UMLS:C0836131 + Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium + epithelium stratificatum squamosum + uberon + UBERON:0006915 + + stratified squamous epithelium + + + + + Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. + FMA:45563 + Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium + + + + + UMLS:C0836131 + ncithesaurus:Stratified_Squamous_Epithelium + + + + + epithelium stratificatum squamosum + FMA:45563 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. + MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass + BTO:0003635 + CALOHA:TS-1250 + EMAPA:35324 + MA:0001567 + NCIT:C49222 + UMLS:C1707950 + uberon + esophageal squamous epithelium + squamous epithelium of esophagus + squamous oesophageal epithelium + UBERON:0006920 + + esophagus squamous epithelium + + + + + A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass + MA + + + + + UMLS:C1707950 + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Squamous_Epithelium + + + + + esophageal squamous epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + squamous epithelium of esophagus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + squamous oesophageal epithelium + MA:0001567 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. + EMAPA:35824 + MA:0001611 + uberon + UBERON:0006921 + + stomach squamous epithelium + + + + + A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. + we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. + EMAPA:17623 + EMAPA:35814 + FMA:63458 + MA:0002784 + epithelium of gastric gland + uberon + gastric gland epithelium + UBERON:0006924 + + stomach glandular epithelium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + epithelium of gastric gland + FMA:63458 + + + + + gastric gland epithelium + FMA:63458 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any gland that is part of the digestive system. + AAO:0000130 + BTO:0000345 + uberon + digestive gland + UBERON:0006925 + + digestive system gland + + + + + Any gland that is part of the digestive system. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + digestive gland + BTO:0000345 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. + FMA:64800 + NCIT:C13182 + UMLS:C0225337 + uberon + UBERON:0006929 + glandular columnar epithelium + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. + FMA:64800 + + + + + UMLS:C0225337 + ncithesaurus:Columnar_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:66809 + uberon + UBERON:0006930 + glandular cuboidal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. + EMAPA:27167 + MA:0001614 + stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0006931 + stomach glandular region mucosa + + + + + Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane + EMAPA:27167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. + note that the definition sourced from Dorlands say 'simple columnar', but FMA says atypical + CALOHA:TS-0682 + FMA:62410 + SCTID:309045006 + uberon + neuroepithelium + UBERON:0006934 + sensory epithelium + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. + BTO:0000314 + + + + + note that the definition sourced from Dorlands say 'simple columnar', but FMA says atypical + FMA + + + + + neuroepithelium + BTO:0000314 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. + + CALOHA:TS-1246 + EMAPA:28880 + FMA:18626 + MA:0002991 + NCIT:C33638 + SCTID:259306002 + UMLS:C0737271 + Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary + interstitial tissue of ovary + ovarian stroma + ovary stroma + stroma of the ovary + stroma ovarica + uberon + stroma ovarii + UBERON:0006960 + + ovary stroma + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. + Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary + + + + + UMLS:C0737271 + ncithesaurus:Stroma_of_the_Ovarian_Cortex + + + + + interstitial tissue of ovary + FMA:18626 + + + + + ovarian stroma + FMA:18626 + + + + + ovary stroma + MA:0002991 + + + + + stroma of the ovary + Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary + + + + + stroma ovarica + FMA:18626 + + + + + stroma ovarii + Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. + EFO:0003709 + TAO:0005077 + ZFA:0005077 + uberon + UBERON:0006965 + + vascular cord + + + + + The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. + GO:0072360 + ZFA:0005077 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of the coronary system. + ZFA:0005813 + heart capillary + uberon + UBERON:0006966 + coronary capillary + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A capillary that is part of the coronary system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + heart capillary + GO:0003248 + + + + + + + + + A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. + BILA:0000010 + CARO:0001002 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003192 + FMA:24137 + NCIT:C34022 + UMLS:C1515977 + uberon + UBERON:0006984 + + Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. + anatomical surface + + + + + + via morphological boundary in CARO + + + + + A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. + CARO:0001002 + + + + + UMLS:C1515977 + ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Surface + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. + consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm + review EHDAA2 placement + AAO:0011021 + BILA:0000051 + EFO:0000315 + EHDAA2:0000214 + EHDAA:385 + FMA:293143 + SCTID:360387000 + VHOG:0001641 + XAO:0000235 + cardiogenic splanchnopleure + uberon + cardiac mesoderm + cardiogenic mesoderm + cardiogenic region + heart primordia + UBERON:0007005 + + + cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm + + + + + The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. + XAO:0000235 + http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html + https://github.com/obophenotype/insect_neuroanatomy_ontology/issues/7 + + + + + cardiogenic splanchnopleure + EHDAA2:0000214 + + + + + cardiac mesoderm + XAO:0000235 + + + + + cardiogenic mesoderm + http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html + + + + + cardiogenic region + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + heart primordia + XAO:0000235 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Organism at the cleavage stage. + BILA:0000058 + uberon + UBERON:0007010 + cleaving embryo + + + + + Organism at the cleavage stage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis + BILA:0000084 + NCIT:C34268 + SCTID:360394002 + UMLS:C1514442 + future digestive tract + future digestive tube + future gut + primitive gut + uberon + embryonic digestive tube + primordial digestive tube + primordial gut + UBERON:0007026 + presumptive gut + + + + + The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis + NCBIBook:NBK10107 + + + + + UMLS:C1514442 + ncithesaurus:Primordial_Gut + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BILA:0000142 + uberon + UBERON:0007037 + mechanosensory system + + + + + + + + + + Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. + TAO:0007064 + XAO:0000024 + ZFA:0007064 + uberon + UBERON:0007098 + mandibular neural crest + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. + ZFA:0007064 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. + note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis + SPD:0000130 + TADS:0000147 + http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5795/1922/F1.large.jpg + dorsal tube + heart + uberon + adult heart + UBERON:0007100 + + Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata + primary circulatory organ + + + + + + + + + + GO uses blood circulation generically to include the haemolymphatic fluid of arthropods + + + + + A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. + GO:0007507 + + + + + dorsal tube + Wikipedia:Heart + + + + + heart + GO:0007507 + + + + + adult heart + FBbt:00003154 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ganglion which is located in the trunk. + EFO:0000901 + MAT:0000344 + MIAA:0000344 + TAO:0001573 + ZFA:0001573 + body ganglion + trunk ganglia + uberon + UBERON:0007134 + + trunk ganglion + + + + + Ganglion which is located in the trunk. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + body ganglion + MAT:0000344 + + + + + trunk ganglia + ZFA:0001573 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. + An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + EFO:0003497 + TAO:0000131 + ZFA:0000131 + uberon + presumptive central nervous system + UBERON:0007135 + + neural keel + + + + + An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + + + An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000131 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + presumptive central nervous system + ZFA:0000131 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An embryonic structure that will either develop into a post-anal tail or recede into a vestigial remnant of the tail. + By the fourth week a clear tail is seen in the human embryo. It recedes after a few weeks and these tissues form what is commonly known as the tailbone (coccyx). + EMAPA:16748 + FMA:85540 + embryo tail + tail of embryo + uberon + embryonic tail + UBERON:0007144 + embryonic post-anal tail + + + + + An embryonic structure that will either develop into a post-anal tail or recede into a vestigial remnant of the tail. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + embryo tail + FMA:85540 + + + + + tail of embryo + FMA:85540 + + + + + embryonic tail + FMA:85540 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. + EMAPA:18377 + FMA:54366 + midgut lumen + uberon + UBERON:0007147 + lumen of midgut + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + midgut lumen + FMA:54366 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. + EMAPA:18396 + FMA:54367 + hindgut lumen + uberon + UBERON:0007148 + lumen of hindgut + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut lumen + FMA:54367 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. + EMAPA:18836 + FMA:17357 + anal canal lumen + uberon + UBERON:0007158 + lumen of anal canal + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal lumen + FMA:17357 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. + EMAPA:18945 + FMA:18374 + SCTID:362156004 + colon lumen + uberon + colonic lumen + UBERON:0007159 + lumen of colon + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon lumen + FMA:18374 + + + + + colonic lumen + FMA:18374 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. + + EMAPA:27395 + FMA:15657 + MA:0003196 + SCTID:113284008 + colonic lamina propria + lamina propria mucosae of colon + lamina propria of colonic mucosa + lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0007177 + + lamina propria of mucosa of colon + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic lamina propria + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of colon + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria of colonic mucosa + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane + FMA:15657 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. + BTO:0003157 + EMAPA:16133 + FMA:18149 + SCTID:67300002 + mesothelium of pericardium + pericardial mesothelium + serous pericardium mesothelium + uberon + UBERON:0007188 + mesothelium of serous pericardium + + + + + A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesothelium of pericardium + FMA:18149 + + + + + pericardial mesothelium + FMA:18149 + + + + + serous pericardium mesothelium + FMA:18149 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. + CALOHA:TS-0085 + FMA:21426 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma + bone marrow stroma + uberon + UBERON:0007195 + stroma of bone marrow + + + + + The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma + + + + + bone marrow stroma + FMA:21426 + + + + + + + + + The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. + uberon + UBERON:0007204 + brachiocephalic vasculature + + + + + The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. + EFO:0003572 + EHDAA2:0000735 + EMAPA:16169 + EMAPA:16271 + EMAPA_RETIRED:16271 + TAO:0000787 + ZFA:0000787 + head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest + head mesenchyme from neural crest + head neural crest derived mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0007213 + + + mesenchyme derived from head neural crest + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head mesenchyme from neural crest + EHDAA2:0000735 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. + EHDAA2:0002093 + EMAPA:16182 + TAO:0000999 + ZFA:0000999 + trunk mesenchyme from neural crest + trunk neural crest derived mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0007214 + + mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trunk mesenchyme from neural crest + EHDAA2:0002093 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000031 + EHDAA:583 + EMAPA:16382 + VHOG:0000510 + ventral pharyngeal arch 1 + uberon + ventral mandibular arch + ventral visceral arch 1 + UBERON:0007237 + 1st arch mandibular component + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000510 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + ventral pharyngeal arch 1 + VHOG:0000510 + + + + + ventral mandibular arch + VHOG:0000510 + + + + + ventral visceral arch 1 + VHOG:0000510 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + relationship to palatoquadrate to be added + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000038 + EHDAA:595 + EMAPA:16388 + VHOG:0000511 + uberon + UBERON:0007238 + 1st arch maxillary component + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000511 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica media that is part of a artery. + EMAPA:36294 + EV:0100029 + FMA:14273 + NCIT:C49321 + SCTID:84300001 + UMLS:C1710627 + arterial media + tunica media (arteriae) + uberon + UBERON:0007239 + tunica media of artery + + + + + A tunica media that is part of a artery. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1710627 + ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + arterial media + EV:0100029 + + + + + tunica media (arteriae) + FMA:14273 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. + EMAPA:36295 + EV:0100030 + FMA:14274 + SCTID:113261001 + arterial adventitia + tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) + uberon + UBERON:0007240 + tunica adventitia of artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial adventitia + EV:0100030 + + + + + tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) + FMA:14274 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. + EMAPA:36310 + EV:0100034 + FMA:14355 + SCTID:13202006 + tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) + venous adventitia + uberon + UBERON:0007241 + tunica adventitia of vein + + + + + A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) + FMA:14355 + + + + + venous adventitia + EV:0100034 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica intima that is part of a vein. + EMAPA:36308 + EV:0100032 + FMA:14353 + SCTID:2436009 + tunica interna (intima)(venae) + venous intima + uberon + UBERON:0007242 + tunica intima of vein + + + + + A tunica intima that is part of a vein. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica interna (intima)(venae) + FMA:14353 + + + + + venous intima + EV:0100032 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tunica media that is part of a vein. + EMAPA:36309 + EV:0100033 + FMA:14354 + SCTID:42049001 + tunica media (venae) + venous media + uberon + UBERON:0007243 + tunica media of vein + + + + + A tunica media that is part of a vein. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica media (venae) + FMA:14354 + + + + + venous media + EV:0100033 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. + FMA:256381 + FMA:84059 + uberon + cluster of neural nuclei + neural nuclei + nuclear complex + UBERON:0007245 + nuclear complex of neuraxis + + + + + Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. + this class exists largely for consistency with the FMA. It is defined trivially with respect to the SOC. The class may be removed in future. + FMA:72246 + SCTID:369024009 + superior olivary complex nucleus + uberon + UBERON:0007247 + + + nucleus of superior olivary complex + + + + + Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + superior olivary complex nucleus + FMA:72246 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + EFO:0003540 + TAO:0000563 + ZFA:0000563 + pectoral fin muscle + pectoral fin musculature + uberon + UBERON:0007269 + + pectoral appendage musculature + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral fin muscle + ZFA:0000563 + + + + + pectoral fin musculature + ZFA:0000563 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + Musculature that is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] + TAO:0000258 + ZFA:0000258 + pelvic fin musculature + uberon + UBERON:0007270 + pelvic appendage musculature + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Musculature that is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000258 + TAO + TAO:curator + + + + + pelvic fin musculature + ZFA:0000258 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + TAO:0000207 + ZFA:0000207 + fin musculature + uberon + UBERON:0007271 + appendage musculature + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fin musculature + ZFA:0000207 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. + + VSAO:0005000 + uberon + cheiropterygium + UBERON:0007272 + pectoral appendage skeleton + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. + VSAO:0005000 + VSAO:NI + + + + + cheiropterygium + VSAO:0005000 + VSAO:NI + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. + uberon + UBERON:0007273 + pelvic appendage skeleton + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. + TODO - unify naming conventions + The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. + BAMS:HB + CALOHA:TS-2118 + EFO:0003440 + EHDAA2:0001630 + FMA:295640 + TAO:0000569 + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + ZFA:0000569 + presumptive rhombencephalon + uberon + embryonic rhombencephalon + future hindbrain + rhombencephalon + UBERON:0007277 + + presumptive hindbrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XAO-abduced + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + + + + + The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. + NPX:PDR + + + + + presumptive rhombencephalon + ZFA:0000569 + + + + + embryonic rhombencephalon + CALOHA:TS-2118 + + + + + future hindbrain + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + rhombencephalon + EHDAA2:0001630 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. + TAO:0002234 + ZFA:0001722 + uberon + UBERON:0007278 + presumptive sinus venosus + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. + ZFA:0001722 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. + Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] + TAO:0002233 + ZFA:0001724 + uberon + UBERON:0007280 + presumptive endocardium + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002233 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. + EFO:0003446 + TAO:0001187 + XAO:0004086 + ZFA:0001187 + presumptive MHB + presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary + uberon + UBERON:0007281 + + presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. + ZFA:0001187 + + + + + presumptive MHB + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary + ZFA:0001187 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. + EFO:0003421 + TAO:0000053 + ZFA:0000053 + uberon + presumptive segmental plates + UBERON:0007282 + + presumptive segmental plate + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest + EDHAA2 + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + presumptive segmental plates + ZFA:0000053 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. + consider merging + Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] + EFO:0003424 + TAO:0000063 + ZFA:0000063 + prospective neuroectoderm + prospective vegetal ectoderm + uberon + UBERON:0007284 + + presumptive neural plate + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000063 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + prospective neuroectoderm + ZFA:0000063 + + + + + prospective vegetal ectoderm + ZFA:0000063 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. + EFO:0003443 + TAO:0000591 + XAO:0004134 + ZFA:0000591 + future paraxial mesenchyme + future paraxial mesoderm + uberon + UBERON:0007285 + + presumptive paraxial mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 + + + + + The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. + UBERON:cjm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 + + + + + future paraxial mesenchyme + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. + TAO:0005301 + ZFA:0005301 + pectoral fin blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0007300 + pectoral appendage blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral fin blood vessel + ZFA:0005301 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. + TAO:0005299 + ZFA:0005299 + fin blood vessel + limb blood vessel + uberon + UBERON:0007301 + appendage blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fin blood vessel + ZFA:0005299 + + + + + + limb blood vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. + TAO:0005096 + ZFA:0005096 + pectoral fin vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0007302 + pectoral appendage vasculature + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pectoral fin vasculature + ZFA:0005096 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. + TAO:0005003 + ZFA:0005003 + branchial vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0007303 + pharyngeal vasculature + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + branchial vasculature + ZFA:0005003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. + TAO:0005095 + ZFA:0005095 + fin vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0007304 + appendage vasculature + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fin vasculature + ZFA:0005095 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. + TODO - check + + In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans + EMAPA:37710 + FMA:16012 + MA:0000721 + lobulus pancreaticus + pancreas lobe + pancreatic lobule + uberon + UBERON:0007324 + + pancreatic lobule + + + + + A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + EMAPA:37710 + MA:th + + + + + lobulus pancreaticus + FMA:16012 + + + + + pancreas lobe + MA:0000721 + + + + + pancreatic lobule + FMA:16012 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. + this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts + + Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms + EHDAA:9194 + EMAPA:32952 + FMA:10419 + MA:0000124 + MESH:D010183 + SCTID:181278006 + TAO:0001372 + VHOG:0000254 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + ZFA:0001372 + duct of pancreas + pancreas duct + uberon + ductus pancreaticus + UBERON:0007329 + + + + pancreatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + MA + + + + + A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. + GOC:cvs + GOC:ymb + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1250 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 + + + + + Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000254 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000254 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms + EHDAA2 + + + + + MESH:D010183 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + duct of pancreas + OBOL:accepted + + + + + pancreas duct + OBOL:accepted + + + + + ductus pancreaticus + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. + check subclasses to verify if they refer to a multi-tissue structure or a subdivision of the skeleton + CALOHA:TS-2212 + Wikipedia:Palate + roof of buccal cavity + roof of oral cavity + uberon + palate + palatum + primary or secondary palate + UBERON:0007375 + + roof of mouth + + + + + A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + palatum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. + this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. + BSA:0000073 + BTO:0000313 + FBbt:00004993 + HAO:0000298 + TADS:0000109 + WBbt:0005733 + Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology) + epidermis + epidermis (sensu Metazoa) + outer epidermal layer + outer epithelial layer + uberon + hypoderm + hypodermis + UBERON:0007376 + + outer epithelium + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology) + + + + + The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. + GO:0008544 + + + + + FBbt:00004993 + + + + + + epidermis + GO:0008544 + + + + + hypoderm + BTO:0000313 + + + + + + hypodermis + GO:0008544 + WBbt:0005733 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. + Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] + Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. + EFO:0003425 + TAO:0000086 + ZFA:0000086 + EVL + enveloping layer + uberon + UBERON:0007383 + + enveloping layer of ectoderm + + + + + Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000086 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000086 + TAO + + + + + EVL + ZFA:0000086 + + + + + enveloping layer + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. + Cartilage which is part of one of the paired fins.[TAO] + TAO:0001543 + ZFA:0001543 + uberon + UBERON:0007389 + + paired limb/fin cartilage + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Cartilage which is part of one of the paired fins.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001543 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. + Cartilage which is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO] + TAO:0000257 + ZFA:0000257 + uberon + pectoral fin cartilage + UBERON:0007390 + pectoral appendage cartilage tissue + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Cartilage which is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000257 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + pectoral fin cartilage + TAO:0000257 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. + Cartilage which is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] + TAO:0001459 + ZFA:0001459 + uberon + pelvic fin cartilage + UBERON:0007391 + pelvic appendage cartilage tissue + + + + + A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Cartilage which is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001459 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + pelvic fin cartilage + TAO:0001459 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. + this class groups together any nuclei in the tegmentum region, possibly including disparate structures across species + UBERON:0012277 + FMA:258768 + ZFA:0005577 + tegmental nuclei + tegmental nucleus + uberon + UBERON:0007414 + nucleus of midbrain tegmentum + + + + + A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tegmental nuclei + + + + + + tegmental nucleus + ZFA:0005577 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The space within an epithelial sphere. + AEO:0000079 + cavity of vesicle + uberon + UBERON:0007473 + lumen of epithelial sac + + + + + The space within an epithelial sphere. + AEO:JB + + + + + cavity of vesicle + AEO:0000079 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. + AEO:0000081 + EHDAA2:0003081 + uberon + UBERON:0007475 + matrix-based tissue + + + + + A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. + AEO:0000115 + EHDAA2:0003115 + uberon + UBERON:0007499 + epithelial sac + + + + + + AEO + + + + + An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. + AEO:JB + UBERONREF:0000001 + + + + + + + + + An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. + AEO_RETIRED:0000116 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 + uberon + UBERON:0007500 + epithelial tube open at both ends + + + + + + AEO + + + + + An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. + AEO:JB + UBERONREF:0000001 + + + + + + + + + A closed epithelium with a lumen. + AEO:0000119 + EHDAA2:0003119 + uberon + UBERON:0007503 + epithelial vesicle + + + + + + AEO + + + + + A closed epithelium with a lumen. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. + AEO:0000143 + EHDAA2:0003143 + SCTID:362915001 + uberon + UBERON:0007521 + smooth muscle sphincter + + + + + A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. + AEO:0000144 + EHDAA2:0003144 + uberon + UBERON:0007522 + striated muscle sphincter + + + + + A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. + AEO:0000146 + EHDAA2:0003146 + uberon + UBERON:0007524 + dense mesenchyme tissue + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. + this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization + AEO:0000152 + EHDAA2:0003152 + uberon + UBERON:0007530 + migrating mesenchyme population + + + + + Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. + In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system + Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] + FMA:64798 + uberon + UBERON:0007592 + ciliated columnar epithelium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. + FMA:64798 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. + uberon + UBERON:0007601 + ciliated epithelium + + + + + Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ciliated+epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. + BTO:0001338 + CALOHA:TS-0998 + FMA:66762 + synovium + stratum synoviale + synovial layer + synovial membrane + uberon + synovial tissue + UBERON:0007616 + layer of synovial tissue + + + + + + + + + + BTO + + + + + A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. + BTO:0001338 + http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578563/synovial-tissue + + + + + synovium + CALOHA:TS-0998 + + + + + stratum synoviale + FMA:TA + + + + + synovial layer + FMA:66762 + + + + + synovial membrane + FMA:66762 + + + + + synovial tissue + BTO:0001338 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. + FMA:11356 + articular cavity (synovial joint) + cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) + cavity of synovial joint + uberon + joint cavity + synovial cavity + UBERON:0007617 + synovial cavity of joint + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + articular cavity (synovial joint) + FMA:11356 + + + + + cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) + FMA:11356 + + + + + cavity of synovial joint + FMA:11356 + + + + + joint cavity + FMA:11356 + + + + + synovial cavity + FMA:11356 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. + GAID:907 + MESH:D010857 + uberon + eye pigment epithelium + UBERON:0007625 + + pigment epithelium of eye + + + + + Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. + MP:0005200 + + + + + eye pigment epithelium + MESH:A09.371.670 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. + FMA:258772 + SCTID:304943004 + uberon + UBERON:0007635 + nucleus of medulla oblongata + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. + in MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. + BIRNLEX:4096 + BM:V + CALOHA:TS-2077 + DHBA:266441713 + FMA:71248 + HBA:9203 + MESH:D014278 + UMLS:C0040999 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei + neuronames:2021 + trigeminal nuclei + uberon + nuclei trigemini + UBERON:0007641 + trigeminal nuclear complex + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei + + + + + in MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. + MA + + + + + MESH:D014278 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0040999 + BIRNLEX:4096 + + + + + trigeminal nuclei + FMA:71248 + + + + + nuclei trigemini + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + An anatomical structure that connects two structures. + + + + junction + FMA:5898 + SCTID:91833003 + anatomical junction + uberon + UBERON:0007651 + + + anatomical junction + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An anatomical structure that connects two structures. + http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=15 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. + check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here + SCTID:277765007 + uberon + UBERON:0007652 + esophageal sphincter + + + + + A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. + field + AEO:0000170 + EFO:0001649 + EHDAA2:0003170 + FBbt:00005426 + Wikipedia:Anlage_(biology) + developmental field + uberon + future organ + organ field + UBERON:0007688 + + anlage + + + + + + FBbt + + + + + + AEO + FBbt + + + + + Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. + FBbt:00005426 + http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0178740.html + + + + + FBbt:00005426 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EFO:0003626 + EHDAA2:0001457 + EHDAA:962 + EMAPA:32754 + FMA:293087 + TAO:0001104 + ZFA:0001104 + early pharyngeal arch endoderm + uberon + pharyngeal arch endoderm + pharyngeal endoderm + pharyngeal region endoderm + UBERON:0007690 + + relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' + early pharyngeal endoderm + http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + early pharyngeal arch endoderm + EHDAA2:0001457 + + + + + pharyngeal endoderm + ZFA:0001104 + + + + + pharyngeal region endoderm + EHDAA2:0001456 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. + + baculum + uberon + os penis/os clitoris + UBERON:0007719 + bone of reproductive organ + + + + + A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. + OBOL:automatic + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1158 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a epidermis. + FMA:59153 + epidermal gland + gland of epidermis + uberon + UBERON:0007771 + + epidermis gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a epidermis. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of epidermis + FMA:59153 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. + transudative + characteristically low in protein and cellular content (unless there has been secondary concentration) + FMA:12276 + GAID:1195 + MESH:D005122 + ncithesaurus:Transudate + uberon + plasma ultrafiltrate + UBERON:0007779 + transudate + + + + + Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transudate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any fluid produced by a serous gland. + serous fluid + Wikipedia:Serous_fluid + serosal fluid + serous gland fluid + uberon + UBERON:0007794 + secretion of serous gland + + + + + Any fluid produced by a serous gland. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + serosal fluid + Wikipedia:Serous_fluid + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. + consider merging with vasculature + + The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. + in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system + BTO:0001085 + CALOHA:TS-2053 + EHDAA2:0004520 + EMAPA:35905 + MA:0002718 + NCIT:C33854 + UMLS:C0489903 + uberon + UBERON:0007798 + + + vascular system + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. + ncithesaurus:Vascular_System + + + + + in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0489903 + ncithesaurus:Vascular_System + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. + + + + CALOHA:TS-0002 + EFO:0003771 + uberon + abdominal adipose tissue + abdominal fat + intra-abdominal fat + UBERON:0007808 + + adipose tissue of abdominal region + + + + + Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. + CALOHA:paula + MGI:csmith + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 + + + + + abdominal adipose tissue + BTO:0004041 + + + + + abdominal fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + intra-abdominal fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. + CALOHA:TS-2356 + EV:0100009 + FMA:280881 + MA:0000006 + NCIT:C12418 + SCTID:361355005 + UMLS:C0460004 + WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck + galen:HeadAndNeck + uberon + cephalic area + cephalic part of animal + cephalic region + head and neck + head or neck + UBERON:0007811 + + craniocervical region + + + + + + MA + + + + + The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0460004 + ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck + + + + + cephalic area + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/379 + + + + + cephalic part of animal + Wikipedia:Head + + + + + cephalic region + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/379 + + + + + head and neck + FMA:280881 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. + + Anatomical structure that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the organism.[AAO] + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the vent which includes the anal and caudal fins.[TAO] + present at some time in chordate life history (eg in Urochordates, present only in free-swimming larvae). Function: propellor locomotion (in some species) + AAO:0010338 + EMAPA:16748 + MA:0000008 + NCIT:C77663 + TAO:0001117 + UMLS:C0039259 + XAO:0003026 + ZFA:0001117 + muscular postanal tail + postanal tail + post-anal fin tail + uberon + post-vent region + UBERON:0007812 + + + post-anal tail + + + + + + + + + + possible exception in hemichordates + cjm + + + + + A tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical structure that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the organism.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010338 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the vent which includes the anal and caudal fins.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001117 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0039259 + ncithesaurus:Tail + + + + + post-anal fin tail + http://purl.oboibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/185 + + + + + + post-vent region + TAO:0001117 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). + this encompasses non-skeletal tissue + An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] + UBERON:0007824 + girdle + girdle region + EMAPA:37854 + FMA:24874 + VSAO:0000303 + uberon + fin girdle + fin girdle region + limb girdle + limb girdle region + UBERON:0007823 + appendage girdle region + + + + + An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000303 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37854 + MA:th + + + + + fin girdle + + + + + + fin girdle region + + + + + + limb girdle + + + + + + limb girdle region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. + FMA:20570 + TAO:0005129 + XAO:0000138 + ZFA:0005129 + uberon + UBERON:0007826 + peritoneal mesentery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. + EMAPA:35379 + MA:0000291 + girdle bone + uberon + UBERON:0007828 + girdle bone/zone + + + + + A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + girdle bone + MA:0000291 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + + EMAPA:35669 + MA:0000292 + bone of pectoral girdle + uberon + UBERON:0007829 + + + pectoral girdle bone + + + + + + MA + + + + + A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. + check sacrum, coccyx (MA does NOT include these) + + typically the ilium, ischium and pubis. These can alternately be considered individual bones, or zones of a single fused bone + EMAPA:18028 + MA:0000293 + NCIT:C33287 + SCTID:426214007 + UMLS:C0030786 + bone of pelvic girdle + pelvic girdle bone + uberon + UBERON:0007830 + + + + pelvic girdle bone/zone + + + + + + MA + + + + + A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0030786 + ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Bone + + + + + pelvic girdle bone + MA:0000293 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. + Anatomical cluster of paired dermal and endochondral bones that attaches to the dorso-posterior part of the cranium, and support the radials and pectoral fin. It consists of two components: the primary pectoral girdle consisting of the endochondral coracoid, scapula and mesocoracoid bones, and the secondary pectoral girdle consisting of the dermal posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and poscleithrum(thra) bones.[TAO] + Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] + Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.[AAO] + The pectoral girdle is clearly of dual origin, composed of dermal as well as endochondral bones. The endochondral component, the scapulocoracoid, evolved by fusion or enlargment of several basal fin elements. (...) The dermal component of the shoulder girdle evolved from dermal bones of the body's surface. (...) Like endochondral bones, these dermal bones were passed along to tetrapods (...).[well established][VHOG] + Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. + AAO:0000422 + AAO:0000754 + EFO:0000946 + EHDAA2:0001420 + FMA:24141 + MAT:0000181 + MIAA:0000181 + NCIT:C33547 + TAO:0000407 + UMLS:C0427245 + VHOG:0001156 + VSAO:0000156 + Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle + XAO:0003063 + ZFA:0000407 + skeletal parts of pectoral girdle + skeleton of pectoral girdle + uberon + cingulum pectorale + pectoral girdle + scapular girdle + UBERON:0007831 + + + pectoral girdle skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg + + + + + + + + + + XAO + + + + + A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. + Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle + + + + + Anatomical cluster of paired dermal and endochondral bones that attaches to the dorso-posterior part of the cranium, and support the radials and pectoral fin. It consists of two components: the primary pectoral girdle consisting of the endochondral coracoid, scapula and mesocoracoid bones, and the secondary pectoral girdle consisting of the dermal posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and poscleithrum(thra) bones.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000407 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000156 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000422 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + The pectoral girdle is clearly of dual origin, composed of dermal as well as endochondral bones. The endochondral component, the scapulocoracoid, evolved by fusion or enlargment of several basal fin elements. (...) The dermal component of the shoulder girdle evolved from dermal bones of the body's surface. (...) Like endochondral bones, these dermal bones were passed along to tetrapods (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001156 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.336 and Figure 9.18 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. + VSAO + + + + + UMLS:C0427245 + ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Girdle + + + + + skeletal parts of pectoral girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + skeleton of pectoral girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cingulum pectorale + Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle + + + + + + pectoral girdle + VSAO:0000156 + + + + + + scapular girdle + TAO:0000407 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. + need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) + Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] + Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] + Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] + The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] + Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts + AAO:0000426 + AAO:0000768 + EFO:0000947 + EHDAA2:0001426 + EHDAA:7149 + EHDAA:8324 + EMAPA:18028 + FMA:87592 + MAT:0000182 + MIAA:0000182 + TAO:0000565 + VHOG:0000305 + VSAO:0000155 + Wikipedia:Pelvis + XAO:0003064 + ZFA:0000565 + galen:PelvicGirdle + http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/pectoralgirdles.gif + pelvic girdle skeleton + skeletal parts of pelvic girdle + skeleton of pelvic girdle + uberon + pelvic girdle + UBERON:0007832 + + + pelvic girdle skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray242.png + + + + + + + + + + PMID:21455939 + + + + + Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. + VSAO:0000155 + Wikipedia:Pelvis + + + + + Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000426 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000565 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000155 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000305 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.333 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts + VSAO + + + + + pelvic girdle skeleton + VSAO:0000155 + + + + + skeletal parts of pelvic girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + skeleton of pelvic girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pelvic girdle + VSAO:0000155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. + Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] + Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] + AEO:0000085 + EHDAA2:0003085 + TAO:0001645 + VSAO:0000023 + XAO:0004014 + ZFA:0001636 + uberon + membrane bones + UBERON:0007842 + membrane bone + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000023 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 + + + + + Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000023 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001645 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + membrane bones + ZFA:0001636 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. + TAO still mixes tissue and element + AAO:0011130 + CALOHA:TS-0118 + EMAPA:32730 + FMA:55107 + VSAO:0000000 + XAO:0004013 + ZFA:0001501 + cartilage organ + cartilaginous element + chondrogenic element + uberon + cartilage + UBERON:0007844 + + + cartilage element + + + + + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000000 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + TAO still mixes tissue and element + TAO + + + + + cartilage organ + FMA:55107 + + + + + cartilaginous element + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + chondrogenic element + VSAO:0000000 + + + + + cartilage + VSAO:0000000 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. + the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). + FMA:20103 + uberon + UBERON:0007845 + regular connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. + FMA:20103 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). + Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] + Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] + FMA:64781 + NCIT:C33453 + SCTID:22560007 + UMLS:C0225333 + VSAO:0000050 + Wikipedia:Dense_regular_connective_tissue + XAO:0004030 + dense fibrous connective tissue + dense regular collagenous connective tissue + dense regular collagenous tissue + regular dense connective tissue + typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) + uberon + UBERON:0007846 + dense regular connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ncithesaurus + + + + + Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000050 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000050 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] + 2012-08-29 + FMA:64781 + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0225333 + ncithesaurus:Regular_Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + + + dense fibrous connective tissue + FMA:64781 + + + + + dense regular collagenous connective tissue + FMA:64781 + + + + + dense regular collagenous tissue + FMA:64781 + + + + + typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) + FMA:64781 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. + EMAPA:37245 + MA:0000569 + head or neck bone + uberon + cranial bone + UBERON:0007914 + bone of craniocervical region + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37245 + MA:th + + + + + head or neck bone + MA:0000569 + + + + + + + + + The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. + FMA:7477 + NCIT:C32881 + SCTID:421560006 + UMLS:C0502414 + Wikipedia:Irregular_bone + os irregulare + uberon + os irregulare + UBERON:0008001 + irregular bone + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. + Wikipedia:Irregular_bone + + + + + UMLS:C0502414 + ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone + + + + + os irregulare + Wikipedia:Irregular_bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. + MA:0001505 + girdle joint + uberon + UBERON:0008114 + + joint of girdle + + + + + + MA + + + + + A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + girdle joint + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. + FMA:76668 + cartilage surface + uberon + UBERON:0008115 + surface of cartilage + + + + + An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage surface + FMA:76668 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. + subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency + Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. [Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity] + FMA:7478 + SCTID:333008005 + Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity + galen:PneumaticBone + os pneumaticum + pneumatic bone + uberon + hollow bone + UBERON:0008193 + pneumatized bone + + + + + A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303 + + + + + os pneumaticum + FMA:7478 + + + + + pneumatic bone + FMA:7478 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + EMAPA has both non-skeletal and skeletal types, with the non-skeletal also including a chest muscle, so we place the skeletal class here as the most accurate + EMAPA:17748 + FMA:37347 + muscle of shoulder girdle + pectoral girdle muscle + uberon + UBERON:0008196 + + muscle of pectoral girdle + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA has both non-skeletal and skeletal types, with the non-skeletal also including a chest muscle, so we place the skeletal class here as the most accurate + EMAPA + + + + + muscle of shoulder girdle + FMA:37347 + + + + + pectoral girdle muscle + FMA:37347 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. + EMAPA:37235 + FMA:9738 + MA:0003089 + SCTID:281903009 + Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity + space of pelvic compartment + uberon + cavitas pelvis + UBERON:0008203 + pelvic cavity + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37235 + MA:th + + + + + space of pelvic compartment + FMA:9738 + + + + + cavitas pelvis + Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. + in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles + EMAPA:37259 + MA:0000571 + TAO:0000328 + ZFA:0000328 + head or neck muscle + uberon + head muscles + head or neck muscle + UBERON:0008229 + craniocervical region musculature + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. + ZFA:0000328 + ZFA:curator + + + + + in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37259 + MA:th + + + + + head or neck muscle + MA:0000571 + + + + + head muscles + ZFA:0000328 + + + + + head or neck muscle + MA:0000571 + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. + EMAPA:37234 + FMA:24217 + MA:0000028 + SCTID:362666008 + dorsum of thorax + posterior part of thorax + thoracic back + thoracic part of back + upper back + uberon + back of thorax + UBERON:0008231 + dorsal thoracic segment of trunk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + MA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. + FMA:24217 + + + + + EMAPA:37234 + MA:th + + + + + dorsum of thorax + FMA:24217 + + + + + posterior part of thorax + FMA:24217 + + + + + thoracic back + FMA:24217 + + + + + thoracic part of back + FMA:24217 + + + + + upper back + MA:0000028 + + + + + back of thorax + FMA:24217 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. + EMAPA:37261 + MA:0000508 + SCTID:305071003 + uberon + UBERON:0008243 + upper back muscle + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + MA + + + + + A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37261 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. + this class includes any endothelia that are part of the heart. This might include the endocardial epithelia, as well as endothelia of vessels that are considered strictly part of the heart (e.g. outflow tract). As a grouping class, this may lack utility, and pending review this class may be obsoleted. For annotation consider a more specific class. + BTO:0004293 + uberon + cardiac endothelium + UBERON:0008307 + heart endothelium + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cardiac endothelium + BTO:0004293 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0003122 + uberon + UBERON:0008339 + microvascular endothelium + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 + + + + + + BTO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An intestinal villus in the duodenum. + FMA:63300 + uberon + UBERON:0008342 + intestinal villus of duodenum + + + + + An intestinal villus in the duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. + + CALOHA:TS-2087 + EMAPA:19078 + FMA:17231 + MA:0003208 + SCTID:66036002 + epithelium of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0008346 + + duodenal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of duodenum + FMA:17231 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. + FMA:13480 + SCTID:280833008 + uberon + UBERON:0008429 + cervical vertebral foramen + + + + + A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. + FMA:9143 + SCTID:280834002 + uberon + UBERON:0008432 + thoracic vertebral foramen + + + + + A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. + EHDAA2:0000444 + EHDAA:42 + EHDAA:75 + EMAPA:16050 + NCIT:C34164 + UMLS:C1516906 + uberon + embryonic epiblast + UBERON:0008780 + + + The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5. + inner cell mass derived epiblast + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. + MP:0003886 + + + + + UMLS:C1516906 + ncithesaurus:Epiblast + + + + + embryonic epiblast + MP:0003886 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. + Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing + EHDAA2:0000187 + FMA:293041 + NCIT:C34248 + UMLS:C1519038 + embryonic pharyngeal complex + pharyngeal apparatus + pharyngeal system + uberon + pharyngeal arch complex + pharyngeal arch region + pharyngeal arches and clefts + pharyngeal complex + UBERON:0008814 + pharyngeal arch system + + + + + A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. + GO:0060037 + GOC:dph + + + + + UMLS:C1519038 + ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Apparatus + + + + + pharyngeal system + GO:0060037 + + + + + pharyngeal arch region + EHDAA2:0000187 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A head that is part of a embryo. + CALOHA:TS-0246 + FBbt:00000155 + FMA:293011 + uberon + UBERON:0008816 + + embryonic head + + + + + A head that is part of a embryo. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + FBbt:00000155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A brain that develops_from a neural tube. + a reasoner should automatically classify all the vertebrate ontology brain classes here + vertebrate brain + uberon + UBERON:0008823 + neural tube derived brain + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/338 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + definitional + + + + + A brain that develops_from a neural tube. + OBOL:automatic + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/338 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. + in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 + The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. + AAO:0011057 + EHDAA2:0000740 + EHDAA:1530 + NCIT:C34187 + UMLS:C1512407 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum + XAO:0000101 + liver diverticulum + uberon + diverticulum hepaticum + UBERON:0008835 + + hepatic diverticulum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + caudal part + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. + MP:MP + http://www.stembook.org/node/512 + + + + + UMLS:C1512407 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Diverticulum + + + + + liver diverticulum + XAO:0000101 + + + + + diverticulum hepaticum + Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0001642 + uberon + UBERON:0008836 + liver bud + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + http://www.stembook.org/node/512 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals. + EMAPA:16080 + epamniotic cavity + uberon + epamniotic cavity + UBERON:0008851 + + ectoplacental cavity + + + + + Closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals. + MP:0011207 + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity + + + + + epamniotic cavity + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity + + + + + epamniotic cavity + MP:0011207 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. + the muscularis externa in the stomach differs from that of other GI organs in that it has three layers of smooth muscle instead of two + FMA:14909 + SCTID:362132003 + gastric muscularis + muscle layer of stomach + muscularis externa of stomach + tunica muscularis (gaster) + tunica muscularis gastris + uberon + UBERON:0008856 + + stomach muscularis externa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + MA-abduced + + + + + The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. + MP:0010779 + + + + + the muscularis externa in the stomach differs from that of other GI organs in that it has three layers of smooth muscle instead of two + WP + + + + + gastric muscularis + FMA:14909 + + + + + muscle layer of stomach + FMA:14909 + + + + + muscularis externa of stomach + FMA:14909 + + + + + tunica muscularis (gaster) + FMA:14909 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. + EMAPA:37944 + FMA:14580 + SCTID:245417002 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal + canalis pyloricus + uberon + canalis pyloricus + UBERON:0008858 + + pyloric canal + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. + MP:0010791 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal + + + + + EMAPA:37944 + MA:th + + + + + canalis pyloricus + Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal + + + + + canalis pyloricus + Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. + check relationship to pylorus vs antrum + EMAPA:27211 + FMA:14922 + NCIT:C33431 + SCTID:70710007 + UMLS:C0227239 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland + glandula pylorica + pyloric antrum gland + pyloric gland + pyloric mucuous gland + uberon + UBERON:0008861 + + pyloric gastric gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray1054.png + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MP + + + + + + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Tubular_gland + + + + + The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. + MP:0010797 + Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland + + + + + UMLS:C0227239 + ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Gland + + + + + glandula pylorica + FMA:14922 + + + + + pyloric antrum gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pyloric gland + FMA:14922 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. + We follow MP and treat this as part of the hypodermis, although some sources may consider the hypodermis to be superficial to this + UBERON:0010934 + EMAPA:18188 + MA:0003140 + hypodermal muscle layer + hypodermis muscle layer + superficial fascia muscular layer + panniculus carnosus + uberon + UBERON:0008876 + + hypodermis skeletal muscle layer + + + + + + + + + + MP-def + + + + + Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. + ISBN:0123813611 + MP:0011157 + + + + + hypodermal muscle layer + MP:0011157 + + + + + hypodermis muscle layer + MP:0011157 + + + + + panniculus carnosus + MP:0011157 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. + + Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] + FMA:45621 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation + pulmonary circulatory system + pulmonary system + uberon + UBERON:0008886 + + pulmonary vascular system + + + + + + + + + + Obol + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation + + + + + Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] + FMA + FMA:45621 + + + + + pulmonary circulatory system + FMA:45621 + + + + + pulmonary system + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] + The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] + The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. + many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both + AAO:0010157 + TAO:0001216 + VHOG:0000315 + VSAO:0000149 + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + XAO:0003176 + ZFA:0001216 + pharyngeal endoskeleton + viscerocranium + uberon + branchial arch skeleton + gill arch skeleton + pharyngeal arch + pharyngeal arch skeleton + pharyngeal skeleton + visceral cranium + visceral skeletal system + visceral skeleton + UBERON:0008895 + + splanchnocranium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/83 + + + + + + redundant + Grays + PMID:11237469 + + + + + Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001216 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010157 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000315 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000315 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.242, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.235 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. + VSAO + + + + + pharyngeal endoskeleton + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + viscerocranium + VHOG:0000315 + Wikipedia:Viscerocranium + ZFA:0001216 + + + + + + pharyngeal arch + VSAO:0000149 + + + + + + pharyngeal arch skeleton + ZFA:0001216 + + + + + pharyngeal skeleton + ZFA:0001216 + + + + + visceral cranium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + visceral skeletal system + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + visceral skeleton + UBERONREF:0000007 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. + Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] + other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification + AAO:0010769 + TAO:0001590 + VSAO:0000130 + Wikipedia:Dermal_bone + XAO:0004015 + ZFA:0001590 + uberon + dermal bones + UBERON:0008907 + dermal bone + + + + + + + + + + wd + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000130 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 + + + + + Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001590 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + dermal bones + ZFA:0001590 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. + We go with the latest VSAO in making this a subtype of bone, and add a logical definition based on the textual definition in VSAO. We also include the subtyping under 'replacement bone', for consistency with ZFA + Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord.[TAO] + AAO:0010777 + TAO:0001639 + VSAO:0000307 + ZFA:0001629 + perichordal bones + uberon + perichordal bone + UBERON:0008909 + perichordal bone + + + + + + not in VSAO + ZFA + + + + + Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000307 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001639 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + perichordal bones + ZFA:0001629 + + + + + + perichordal bone + ZFA:0001629 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a lung. + EMAPA:35522 + FMA:27360 + MA:0003168 + SCTID:201712001 + respiratory portion of lung + uberon + parenchyma of lung + pulmonary parenchyma + UBERON:0008946 + lung parenchyma + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory portion of lung + FMA:27360 + + + + + parenchyma of lung + BTO:0000763 + + + + + pulmonary parenchyma + EMAPA:35522 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004069 + NCIT:C34283 + UMLS:C1514898 + uberon + UBERON:0008947 + respiratory primordium + + + + + + Obol + + + + + UMLS:C1514898 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Primordium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. + 1 in mice, divided into 2 in human by a single interlobar fissure, the oblqiue fissure + EHDAA:2981 + NCIT:C48945 + SCTID:272655003 + UMLS:C1285107 + lobe of left lung + lobe of the left lung + uberon + UBERON:0008951 + left lung lobe + + + + + A lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + 1 in mice, divided into 2 in human by a single interlobar fissure, the oblqiue fissure + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1285107 + ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. + BTO:0003634 + FMA:9404 + NCIT:C32536 + SCTID:322749003 + UMLS:C0227178 + Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands + esophageal gland + glandulae oesophageae + mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus + uberon + submocosal esophageal gland + UBERON:0008989 + submucosal esophageal gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg + + + + + One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. + BTO:0003634 + Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands + + + + + UMLS:C0227178 + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Gland + + + + + esophageal gland + FMA:9404 + + + + + glandulae oesophageae + Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands + + + + + mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus + FMA:9404 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. + UBERON:0005284 + BTO:0003840 + EFO:0003491 + EMAPA:35186 + FMA:242007 + FMA:61935 + SCTID:362029003 + TAO:0000099 + ZFA:0000099 + brain vasculature + cerebrovascular system + intracerebral vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0008998 + + vasculature of brain + + + + + System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. + BTO:0003840 + + + + + cerebrovascular system + BTO:0003840 + + + + + intracerebral vasculature + FMA:61935 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. + EMAPA:37280 + MA:0000510 + SCTID:304890003 + uberon + UBERON:0009015 + upper back skin + + + + + + MA + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37280 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. + A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. + EMAPA:37165 + MA:0002207 + NCIT:C48946 + SCTID:304057004 + UMLS:C0226670 + uberon + UBERON:0009030 + left pulmonary vein + + + + + Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. + ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37165 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226670 + ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. + A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. + EMAPA:37379 + MA:0002208 + NCIT:C48947 + SCTID:304056008 + UMLS:C0226669 + uberon + UBERON:0009032 + right pulmonary vein + + + + + Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. + ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37379 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226669 + ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. + EHDAA2:0000716 + NCIT:C34192 + UMLS:C1512703 + uberon + gonad rudiment + UBERON:0009117 + + typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321] + indifferent gonad + + + + + A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. + http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8981 + + + + + UMLS:C1512703 + ncithesaurus:Indifferent_Gonad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. + BTO:0006250 + TAO:0001555 + ZFA:0001555 + epibranchial ganglia + uberon + UBERON:0009127 + Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest + epibranchial ganglion + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + NCBIBook:NBK53175 + + + + + Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. + PMID:20133851 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + BTO:0006250 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + epibranchial ganglia + ZFA:0001555 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. + EHDAA2:0000274 + FMA:7281 + NCIT:C102339 + SCTID:3194006 + VHOG:0001228 + endocardium of right atrium + right atrial endocardium + uberon + right atrium endocardial tissue + UBERON:0009129 + right atrium endocardium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + endocardium of right atrium + FMA:7281 + + + + + right atrial endocardium + FMA:7281 + + + + + right atrium endocardial tissue + VHOG:0001228 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0009146 + EHDAA2:0001483 + EMAPA:17709 + NCIT:C34256 + SCTID:361429005 + UMLS:C1283968 + VHOG:0000757 + Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal + pleuroperitoneal fold + pleuroperitoneal membranes + uberon + UBERON:0009133 + pleuroperitoneal membrane + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. + Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleuroperitoneal+membrane + + + + + In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000757 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C1283968 + ncithesaurus:Pleuroperitoneal_Membrane + + + + + pleuroperitoneal fold + VHOG:0000757 + + + + + pleuroperitoneal membranes + EHDAA2:0001483 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. + EHDAA2:0004542 + SCTID:32945007 + craniocervical vein + head and neck veins + vein of head and neck + uberon + UBERON:0009141 + craniocervical region vein + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + head and neck veins + EHDAA2:0004542 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. + consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) + UBERON:0003313 + EHDAA2:0001113 + EHDAA:177 + EMAPA:16097 + uberon + UBERON:0009142 + entire embryonic mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. + https://github.com/obophenotype/human-developmental-anatomy-ontology/issues/7 + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:16549 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 + pharyngeal region + uberon + UBERON:0009145 + pharyngeal region of foregut + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + pharyngeal region + EMAPA:16549 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + EHDAA2:0003446 + EMAPA:18015 + uberon + UBERON:0009191 + sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + EHDAA2:0001888 + sphenoid bone cartilage condensation + uberon + UBERON:0009193 + sphenoid cartilage element + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sphenoid bone cartilage condensation + EHDAA2:0001888 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004021 + uberon + UBERON:0009196 + + indifferent external genitalia + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. + EHDAA2:0001077 + EMAPA:16810 + FMA:312659 + uberon + UBERON:0009204 + medial nasal process mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary + EHDAA2:0000581 + EHDAA:4776 + EMAPA:16680 + FMA:293971 + SCTID:308881001 + uberon + nasal placode + UBERON:0009292 + embryonic nasal process + + + + + medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. + EHDAA2:0000190 + EMAPA:16260 + uberon + UBERON:0009479 + + ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane + + + + + An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. + EHDAA2:0000191 + EMAPA:16261 + uberon + UBERON:0009480 + + endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + EHDAA2:0000570 + EMAPA:16364 + uberon + UBERON:0009482 + + associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000575 + EMAPA:16365 + VHOG:0000430 + foregut-midgut junction mesentery + uberon + UBERON:0009483 + + mesentery of foregut-midgut junction + + + + + A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000430 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + foregut-midgut junction mesentery + VHOG:0000430 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. + this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. + EMAPA:32755 + FMA:295694 + branchial arch mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009494 + + pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. + MP:0011262 + + + + + branchial arch mesenchyme + MP:0011262 + + + + + pharyngeal arch mesenchyme + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + EHDAA2:0000573 + EMAPA:16564 + uberon + UBERON:0009497 + + epithelium of foregut-midgut junction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. + EHDAA2:0004109 + EMAPA:16683 + FMA:295821 + frontonasal mesenchyme + naso-frontal mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009501 + + + mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. + MP:0011266 + + + + + frontonasal mesenchyme + MP:0011266 + + + + + naso-frontal mesenchyme + MP:0011266 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. + EHDAA2:0000780 + EMAPA:16716 + hindgut associated mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009503 + + mesenchyme of hindgut + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hindgut associated mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0000780 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a anal region. + EHDAA2:0004020 + EMAPA:17177 + uberon + UBERON:0009521 + + anal membrane endodermal component + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a anal region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. + EHDAA2:0001071 + EMAPA:17361 + FMA:312691 + mesenchyme of maxillary process + mesenchyme of maxillary prominence + uberon + UBERON:0009526 + + maxillary process mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of maxillary process + EMAPA:17361 + + + + + mesenchyme of maxillary prominence + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. + EHDAA2:0001001 + EMAPA:18309 + VHOG:0000709 + left lobe hepatic sinusoids + uberon + UBERON:0009548 + + hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver + + + + + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left lobe hepatic sinusoids + VHOG:0000709 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. + EHDAA2:0001009 + EMAPA:18316 + VHOG:0000710 + right lobe hepatic sinusoids + uberon + UBERON:0009549 + + hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver + + + + + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right lobe hepatic sinusoids + VHOG:0000710 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + EHDAA2:0000572 + EMAPA:18403 + uberon + UBERON:0009550 + + endoderm of foregut-midgut junction + + + + + An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a intestine. + FMA:15696 + submucosa of intestine + uberon + UBERON:0009566 + intestinal submucosa + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of intestine + FMA:15696 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. + Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] + AAO:0000612 + FMA:72066 + NCIT:C92597 + SCTID:281699004 + thoracolumbar column + thoracolumbar region of vertebral column + thoracolumbar vertebrae set + thoracolumbar vertebral column + trunk vertebrae series + trunk vertebral column + uberon + presacral region + thoracolumbar region + trunk region + trunk skeleton + trunk spine + UBERON:0009568 + + trunk region of vertebral column + + + + + Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. + UBERONREF:0000006 + + + + + Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000612 + AAO + AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 + + + + + thoracolumbar vertebrae set + FMA:72066 + + + + + presacral region + AAO:0000612 + + + + + thoracolumbar region + AAO:0000612 + + + + + trunk region + AAO:0000612 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:25054 + SCTID:22943007 + region of trunk + trunk subdivision + uberon + UBERON:0009569 + + subdivision of trunk + + + + + region of trunk + FMA:25054 + + + + + trunk subdivision + FMA:25054 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future spinal cord. + EHDAA2:0001265 + EMAPA:17584 + VHOG:0001548 + spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans + uberon + UBERON:0009570 + spinal cord sulcus limitans + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans + EHDAA2:0001265 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata. + EHDAA2:0001100 + EMAPA:17561 + uberon + UBERON:0009576 + medulla oblongata sulcus limitans + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future metencephalon. + EHDAA2:0001161 + EMAPA:17567 + uberon + UBERON:0009577 + metencephalon sulcus limitans + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future metencephalon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future myelencephalon. + EHDAA2:0001945 + uberon + UBERON:0009578 + myelencephalon sulcus limitans + + + + + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future myelencephalon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001172 + EMAPA:16977 + VHOG:0000910 + mantle layer lateral wall midbrain + midbrain lateral wall mantle layer + uberon + mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon + UBERON:0009581 + midbrain mantle layer + + + + + mantle layer lateral wall midbrain + VHOG:0000910 + + + + + mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon + VHOG:0000910 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:17580 + VHOG:0000911 + mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord + spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer + uberon + UBERON:0009583 + spinal cord mantle layer + + + + + mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord + VHOG:0000911 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. + UBERON:0010043 + EHDAA2:0000034 + EMAPA:16385 + mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch + mesenchyme of mandibular component + uberon + mandibular component mesenchyme + mandibular mesenchyme + UBERON:0009584 + 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mesenchyme of mandibular component + EMAPA:16385 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. + EHDAA2:0000944 + EMAPA:16730 + EMAPA:17654 + left lung mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009602 + left lung associated mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left lung mesenchyme + EMAPA:17654 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. + EHDAA2:0001739 + EMAPA:17662 + right lung mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009603 + right lung associated mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right lung mesenchyme + EMAPA:17662 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. + TAO:0007019 + ZFA:0007019 + uberon + UBERON:0009611 + midbrain neural plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. + TAO:0007022 + ZFA:0007022 + uberon + UBERON:0009614 + hindbrain neural plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + TODO - developmental relationships for lines + TAO:0007044 + ZFA:0007044 + MHB neural plate + midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate + uberon + UBERON:0009615 + midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/438 + Bgee:AN + + + + + MHB neural plate + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate + ZFA:0007044 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. + TODO - unify naming conventions + BAMS:MES + EFO:0003432 + EHDAA2:0000615 + EMAPA:16140 + TAO:0000148 + Wikipedia:Mesencephalon + ZFA:0000148 + presumptive mesencephalon + uberon + early midbrain + future midbrain + mesencephalon + UBERON:0009616 + + presumptive midbrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + presumptive mesencephalon + ZFA:0000148 + + + + + early midbrain + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + future midbrain + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mesencephalon + EHDAA2:0000615 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. + A major contributor to neurocranium [PMID:16313393] + EHDAA2:0000736 + EHDAA:364 + EMAPA:16171 + cephalic paraxial mesenchyme + cephalic paraxial mesoderm + cranial paraxial mesenchyme + cranial paraxial mesoderm + head paraxial mesenchyme + uberon + somitomere + somitomeric mesoderm + UBERON:0009617 + head paraxial mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. + PMID:21610022 + + + + + cephalic paraxial mesenchyme + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cephalic paraxial mesoderm + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial paraxial mesenchyme + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial paraxial mesoderm + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + head paraxial mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0000736 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0002094 + trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme + uberon + trunk paraxial mesenchyme + UBERON:0009618 + trunk paraxial mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0002094 + + + + + trunk paraxial mesenchyme + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A somite that is part of a tail. + AAO:0010383 + EMAPA:16860 + XAO:0003143 + uberon + UBERON:0009621 + tail somite + + + + + A somite that is part of a tail. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + labial artery + EMAPA:37092 + MA:0001987 + NCIT:C52947 + UMLS:C1708633 + uberon + UBERON:0009657 + artery of lip + + + + + labial artery + MA:0001987 + + + + + EMAPA:37092 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1708633 + ncithesaurus:Labial_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus located in the midbrain. + SCTID:279285003 + TAO:0002209 + ZFA:0001665 + uberon + UBERON:0009661 + midbrain nucleus + + + + + Nucleus located in the midbrain. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus located within the hindbrain. + TAO:0002177 + ZFA:0001658 + uberon + UBERON:0009662 + hindbrain nucleus + + + + + Nucleus located within the hindbrain. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004566 + EMAPA:32911 + MA:0003203 + uberon + peritoneal cavity mesentary + peritoneal mesentary + UBERON:0009664 + gut mesentery + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + peritoneal cavity mesentary + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + peritoneal mesentary + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. + EHDAA2:0004586 + uberon + UBERON:0009669 + embryonic cloacal lumen + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. + EHDAA2:0004587 + EMAPA:18388 + FMA:14598 + SCTID:259740004 + lumen of rectum + uberon + UBERON:0009670 + rectal lumen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lumen of rectum + FMA:14598 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001371 + uberon + pancreatis dorsalis + UBERON:0009708 + + + dorsal pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001393 + uberon + pancreatis ventralis + UBERON:0009709 + + + ventral pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. + Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. + EHDAA2:0002188 + EMAPA:17341 + FMA:9536 + NCIT:C102343 + SCTID:8911002 + VHOG:0001235 + right ventricle endocardium + right ventricular endocardium + uberon + endocardial lining of right ventricle + right ventricle endocardial tissue + UBERON:0009712 + endocardium of right ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. + FMA:9536 + + + + + right ventricle endocardium + VHOG:0001235 + + + + + right ventricular endocardium + FMA:9536 + + + + + endocardial lining of right ventricle + EMAPA:17341 + + + + + right ventricle endocardial tissue + VHOG:0001235 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. + Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve, aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. + EHDAA2:0002182 + EMAPA:17338 + FMA:9559 + SCTID:191004004 + VHOG:0001233 + left ventricle endocardium + left ventricular endocardium + uberon + endocardial lining of left ventricle + left ventricle endocardial tissue + UBERON:0009713 + endocardium of left ventricle + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve, aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. + FMA:9559 + + + + + left ventricle endocardium + VHOG:0001233 + + + + + left ventricular endocardium + FMA:9559 + + + + + endocardial lining of left ventricle + EMAPA:17338 + + + + + left ventricle endocardial tissue + VHOG:0001233 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. + lumen of stomatodaeum + lumen of stomodeum + stomatodeal cavity + uberon + UBERON:0009715 + stomodeal lumen + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004621 + EMAPA:32754 + FMA:293087 + uberon + pharyngeal arch endoderm + UBERON:0009722 + entire pharyngeal arch endoderm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + pharyngeal arch endoderm + EHDAA2:0004621 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. + decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. In EHDAA2 this lasts CS12->unbounded, includes mesenchyme of individual components as parts + EHDAA2:0004162 + EMAPA:36438 + heart mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0009751 + + cardiac mesenchyme + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. + MP:0011264 + + + + + heart mesenchyme + EMAPA:36438 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. + + EFO:0002557 + EMAPA:26220 + uberon + UBERON:0009752 + + + + pancreas mesenchyme + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. + MP:0011265 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. + SCTID:280508003 + uberon + UBERON:0009758 + abdominal ganglion + + + + + A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. + despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac + EHDAA2:0004737 + FMA:9690 + SCTID:361996004 + uberon + UBERON:0009778 + + pleural sac + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA-abduced-lr + + + + + A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. + acinar + acinus + FMA:55588 + Wikipedia:Acinus + uberon + acini + UBERON:0009842 + glandular acinus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png + + + + + The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. + Wikipedia:Acinus + + + + + acinus + FMA:55588 + + + + + acini + Wikipedia:Acinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. + cloacal epithelium + EHDAA2:0004585 + uberon + UBERON:0009846 + embryonic cloacal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cloacal epithelium + EHDAA2:0004585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage. + + uberon + UBERON:0009850 + nematode larva + + + + + A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. + FBbt:00100316 + uberon + diverticulum of gut + intestinal pouch + UBERON:0009854 + digestive tract diverticulum + + + + + Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00100316 + + + + + + diverticulum of gut + FBbt:00100316 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + galen:Diverticulum + pouch + uberon + diverticulum + UBERON:0009856 + sac + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. + We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach + UBERON:0009034 + EMAPA:35821 + FMA:14558 + MA:0002561 + SCTID:245415005 + Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections + gastric zone + region of stomach + section of stomach + uberon + UBERON:0009870 + zone of stomach + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Regions_of_stomach.svg + + + + + A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections + + + + + gastric zone + FMA:14558 + + + + + + + + + + + + EFO:0003704 + TAO:0005041 + ZFA:0005041 + ALPM + uberon + UBERON:0009881 + + anterior lateral plate mesoderm + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + ALPM + ZFA:0005041 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). + extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708]. + In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested + in mouse has left ventricular identity[PMID:22855565] + XAO:0004186 + anterior heart field + anterior/second heart field + second heart field + uberon + SHF + UBERON:0009889 + secondary heart field + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GO:0003129 + + + + + + PMID:17276708 + + + + + + PMID:17276708 + + + + + A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). + GO:0003139 + GOC:mtg_heart + GOC:rl + + + + + extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708]. + PMID:17276708 + + + + + In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested + PMID:17276708 + + + + + anterior heart field + PMID:17276708 + + + + + anterior/second heart field + Geisha:syn + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + second heart field + XAO:0004186 + + + + + SHF + XAO:0004186 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. + EMAPA:35337 + FMA:302884 + face mesenchyme + mesenchyme of face + uberon + UBERON:0009891 + facial mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland) + FMA:45737 + NCIT:C12990 + UMLS:C0921005 + lobulus + uberon + UBERON:0009911 + + lobule + + + + + + cjm + + + + + UMLS:C0921005 + ncithesaurus:Lobule + + + + + lobulus + FMA:45737 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. + FMA:45728 + NCIT:C13393 + UMLS:C0796494 + lobus + uberon + UBERON:0009912 + + anatomical lobe + + + + + + cjm + + + + + A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. + ncithesaurus:Lobe + + + + + lobus + FMA:45728 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001315 + EHDAA:1122 + uberon + UBERON:0009920 + optic neural crest + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. + MA:0002405 + postnatal organism + TS28 mouse + post-hatching organism + post-natal organism + postnatal mouse + uberon + UBERON:0009953 + post-embryonic organism + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/667 + + + + + A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + TS28 mouse + MA:0002405 + + + + + post-hatching organism + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + post-natal organism + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + postnatal mouse + MA:0002405 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. + Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. + While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) + EFO:0003460 + TAO:0001309 + Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes + XAO:0004620 + ZFA:0001309 + neurogenic placodes + uberon + placodae neurogenicae + UBERON:0009955 + + neurogenic placode + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. + PMID:11523831 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) + NCBIBook:NBK53171 + + + + + neurogenic placodes + ZFA:0001309 + + + + + + placodae neurogenicae + Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. + in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses of this + EFO:0002556 + FMA:67681 + pancreatic duct epithelium + pancreatic ductal epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0009970 + + epithelium of pancreatic duct + + + + + + + + + + FMA-inferred + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pancreatic duct epithelium + FMA:67681 + + + + + pancreatic ductal epithelium + FMA:67681 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. + + + + CARO:0010000 + FBbt:00100313 + multicellular structure + uberon + UBERON:0010000 + + + multicellular anatomical structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. + CARO:0010000 + + + + + FBbt:00100313 + + + + + + multicellular structure + FBbt:00100313 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. + May be obsoleted. + FMA:256381 + NLXANAT:20090509 + uberon + set of nuclei of neuraxis + UBERON:0010009 + + aggregate regional part of brain + + + + + A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. + NLXANAT:20090509 + + + + + set of nuclei of neuraxis + FMA:256381 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. + EHDAA2:0004076 + EMAPA:32765 + FMA:318209 + 6th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme + uberon + 6th branchial arch mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme + UBERON:0010031 + 6th arch mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. + This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates + BSA:0000123 + TADS:0000172 + TGMA:0001041 + uberon + UBERON:0010039 + + + food storage organ + + + + + An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. + EMAPA:16128 + mesenchyme of 1st arch + uberon + UBERON:0010042 + 1st arch mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of 1st arch + EMAPA:16128 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. + EHDAA2:0000041 + EMAPA:16391 + mesenchyme of maxillary component + uberon + maxillary component mesenchyme + maxillary mesenchyme + UBERON:0010045 + 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme of maxillary component + EMAPA:16391 + + + + + + + + + + + + The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. + EHDAA2:0001459 + EMAPA:16550 + XAO:0004524 + associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region + entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0010046 + entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. + XAO:0004524 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region + EMAPA:16550 + + + + + entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0001459 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. + Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa + UBERON:0003293 + EHDAA2:0001327 + EHDAA:2181 + EMAPA:16572 + EMAPA:16723 + VHOG:0000652 + buccal gland + uberon + gland of oral opening + gland of oral region + mouth gland + oral cavity gland + oral region gland + UBERON:0010047 + oral gland + + + + + Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. + TODO - coordinate with CL, add cuboidal cell + in NCIT this is glandular + NCIT:C32415 + UMLS:C0682577 + Wikipedia:Cuboidal_epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0010077 + cuboidal epithelium + + + + + An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. + Wikipedia:Cuboidal_epithelium + + + + + in NCIT this is glandular + NCIT + + + + + UMLS:C0682577 + ncithesaurus:Cuboidal_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. + EHDAA2:0000595 + uberon + UBERON:0010081 + future common hepatic duct + + + + + An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. + check development + EHDAA2:0000598 + uberon + UBERON:0010083 + future dermis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + XAO + + + + + Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. + EHDAA2:0000599 + uberon + UBERON:0010084 + future diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. + EHDAA2:0000623 + uberon + UBERON:0010092 + future metencephalon + + + + + A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. + EHDAA2:0000640 + uberon + UBERON:0010096 + future myelencephalon + + + + + A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. + EHDAA2:0004644 + uberon + UBERON:0010125 + future superior salivatory nucleus + + + + + A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. + EHDAA2:0004528 + FMA:83378 + specialized conducting tissue of heart + specialized muscle tissue of heart + uberon + UBERON:0010131 + conducting tissue of heart + + + + + Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + specialized conducting tissue of heart + FMA:83378 + + + + + specialized muscle tissue of heart + FMA:83378 + + + + + + + + + An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. + uberon + UBERON:0010136 + epithelial sheet + + + + + An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. + GO:0002011 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. + uberon + epidermal mucus + skin mucous + UBERON:0010152 + skin mucus + + + + + A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + epidermal mucus + BTO:0005082 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. + FMA:312610 + SCTID:91747007 + blood vessel lumen + uberon + UBERON:0010161 + lumen of blood vessel + + + + + An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The distal end of the tail. + EMAPA:37760 + MA:0002848 + XAO:0004057 + tail tip + uberon + end of tail + UBERON:0010162 + + post-anal tail tip + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + The distal end of the tail. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37760 + MA:th + + + + + tail tip + MA:0002848 + + + + + end of tail + MA:0002848 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a liver. + liver trabeculae + uberon + hepatic trabecula + UBERON:0010183 + liver trabecula + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a liver. + GO:0060344 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + liver trabeculae + + + + + + + + + + A roughly circular bulge in a surface. + requires review + AEO:0000205 + EHDAA2:0003250 + FMA:82506 + uberon + UBERON:0010188 + protuberance + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A roughly circular bulge in a surface. + EHDAA2:0003250 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paired arterial structures of the embryo that supplies each developing somite via efferent segmental arteries; the dorsal aortae articulate with the umbilical arteries, which return mixed blood to the villi of the chorion for reoxygenation. + EHDAA2:0000410 + EMAPA:18606 + MA:0000476 + paired dorsal aortae + uberon + UBERON:0010190 + + pair of dorsal aortae + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The paired arterial structures of the embryo that supplies each developing somite via efferent segmental arteries; the dorsal aortae articulate with the umbilical arteries, which return mixed blood to the villi of the chorion for reoxygenation. + ISBN:0-914294-08-3 + MP:0004787 + + + + + paired dorsal aortae + EHDAA2:0000410 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004512 + uberon + UBERON:0010191 + aortic system + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. + Wikipedia:Gonadal_artery + gonadal artery + uberon + UBERON:0010192 + genital artery + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Gonadal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. + Part of the circulatory system which includes the ventral abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and portal vein and collects blood from the pelvic region, liver, gall bladder and stomach.[AAO] + AAO:0010225 + hepatic-portal system + portal system of liver + uberon + UBERON:0010194 + hepatic portal system + + + + + A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + Part of the circulatory system which includes the ventral abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and portal vein and collects blood from the pelvic region, liver, gall bladder and stomach.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010225 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + hepatic-portal system + AAO:0010225 + + + + + + + + + An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. + CARO:0001004 + uberon + UBERON:0010199 + + One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) + bona-fide anatomical boundary + + + + + + CARO + + + + + An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. + CARO:0001004 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail. + isa blood vessel in XAO + TAO:0005037 + XAO:0004151 + ZFA:0005037 + post-vent vasculature + uberon + tail vasculature + UBERON:0010204 + tail vasculature + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + isa blood vessel in XAO + XAO + + + + + post-vent vasculature + ZFA:0005037 + + + + + tail vasculature + ZFA:0005037 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. + FMA:71005 + TAO:0002228 + ZFA:0001718 + presumptive atrium heart tube + primordial atrium + primordial cardiac atrium + uberon + UBERON:0010227 + future cardiac atrium + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. + ZFA:0001718 + + + + + presumptive atrium heart tube + ZFA:0001718 + + + + + primordial atrium + FMA:71005 + + + + + primordial cardiac atrium + FMA:71005 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. + See notes for camera-type eye + + FMA:12513 + MIAA:0000283 + SCTID:244486005 + VHOG:0001616 + Wikipedia:Globe_(human_eye) + bulbus oculi + eye globe + eyeball + uberon + eye + globe + UBERON:0010230 + + eyeball of camera-type eye + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + eye globe + VHOG:0001616 + + + + + eyeball + FMA:12513 + + + + + eye + + + + + + globe + HP:0100886 + MIAA:0000283 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An exocrine gland whose secretions are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and thence onto a bodily surface or into the lumen; the gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged. + merocrine + BTO:0002324 + MA:0003041 + Wikipedia:Merocrine + uberon + UBERON:0010243 + + merocrine gland + + + + + An exocrine gland whose secretions are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and thence onto a bodily surface or into the lumen; the gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged. + MGI:anna + MP:0013544 + Wikipedia:Merocrine + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0000037 + uberon + UBERON:0010252 + 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inferred + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0000044 + uberon + UBERON:0010253 + 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000098 + EMAPA:16772 + VHOG:0000580 + 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest + mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch + neural crest derived arch 4 mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest + uberon + branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest + UBERON:0010256 + 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2-inferred + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000580 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest + VHOG:0000580 + + + + + mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch + EMAPA:16772 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004077 + neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest + uberon + branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest + UBERON:0010257 + 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2-inferred + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. + EHDAA2:0004423 + uberon + UBERON:0010258 + mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. + EMAPA:16129 + mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch + neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest + uberon + branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest + UBERON:0010259 + 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2-inferred + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch + EMAPA:16129 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. + AAO:0000700 + vertebral column opening + vertebral conduit + uberon + UBERON:0010276 + space in vertebral column + + + + + Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebral column opening + AAO:0000700 + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. + DHBA:12322 + EFO:0003567 + EHDAA2:0004375 + TAO:0000761 + ZFA:0000761 + basal plate midbrain + basal plate midbrain region + uberon + UBERON:0010285 + + midbrain basal plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. + ZFA:0000761 + + + + + basal plate midbrain + TAO:0000761 + + + + + basal plate midbrain region + ZFA:0000761 + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. + we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed + TAO:0007039 + ZFA:0007039 + uberon + UBERON:0010286 + midbrain neural tube + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. + ZFA:0007039 + + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia:Sclera#Histology + uberon + UBERON:0010291 + layer of sclera + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a sclera. + uberon + UBERON:0010294 + scleral endothelium + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a sclera. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stroma that is part of a sclera. + subsantia propria + FMA:58365 + NCIT:C33652 + SCTID:368851004 + UMLS:C1704397 + scleral stroma + stroma of sclera + subsantia propria sclerae + substantia propria sclerae + uberon + UBERON:0010295 + substantia propria of sclera + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A stroma that is part of a sclera. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1704397 + ncithesaurus:Substantia_Propria + + + + + scleral stroma + FMA:58365 + + + + + stroma of sclera + FMA:58365 + + + + + subsantia propria sclerae + FMA:58365 + + + + + substantia propria sclerae + FMA:58365 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. + The mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup differentiates into the sclera, the dense fibrous coat of the eye.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496288 + uberon + UBERON:0010299 + scleral mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. + PMID:16496288 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. + extra-embryonic epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0010303 + extraembryonic epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. + FMA:45569 + Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized + epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum + nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium + stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium + stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0010304 + non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. + FMA:45569 + Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized + + + + + epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum + FMA:45569 + + + + + nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium + FMA:45569 + + + + + stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. + Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] + TAO:0002201 + ZFA:0001678 + future eye + uberon + UBERON:0010312 + immature eye + + + + + + + + + + definitional + + + + + Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. + ZFA:0001678 + + + + + Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002201 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. + Grouping term for query purposes + uberon + UBERON:0010313 + + neural crest-derived structure + + + + + An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. + Grouping term for query purposes + uberon + UBERON:0010314 + + structure with developmental contribution from neural crest + + + + + An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0010316 + germ layer / neural crest + + + + + + GO + ZFA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. + uberon + eye skeleton + ocular skeleton + skeletal element of orbital region + UBERON:0010321 + skeletal element of eye region + + + + + + + + + + PMID:16496288 + + + + + A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. + we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints) + that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium + Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] + Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] + AAO:0000109 + AAO:0000971 + AAO:0010185 + TAO:0000737 + VSAO:0000049 + XAO:0003075 + ZFA:0000737 + cranial skeleton + osteocranium + uberon + cranium + UBERON:0010323 + cranial skeletal system + + + + + Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000049 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000109 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000737 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cranium + ZFA:0000737 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. + uberon + UBERON:0010329 + paired limb/fin bud mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. + uberon + UBERON:0010333 + extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004601 + uberon + UBERON:0010334 + maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004602 + uberon + UBERON:0010335 + maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004603 + uberon + UBERON:0010336 + mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004604 + uberon + UBERON:0010337 + mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0000043 + uberon + UBERON:0010338 + 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0000036 + uberon + UBERON:0010339 + 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. + EMAPA:16130 + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch + uberon + UBERON:0010341 + 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch + EMAPA:16130 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0000097 + EMAPA:16771 + head mesenchyme derived arch 4 mesenchyme + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch + pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + uberon + branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + UBERON:0010345 + 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch + EMAPA:16771 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. + EHDAA2:0004078 + head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme + pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + uberon + branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + UBERON:0010347 + 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. + arch mesenchyme from neural crest + branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest + neural crest derived arch mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0010359 + Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme + pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. + arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0010360 + Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme + pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. + An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan 'skeleton' consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; here, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the 'cuttlebone' of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion.[Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]t + VSAO:0000037 + Wikipedia:Endoskeleton + XAO:0004026 + replacement skeleton + uberon + UBERON:0010362 + endoskeleton + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000037 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan 'skeleton' consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; here, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the 'cuttlebone' of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion.[Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]t + Wikipedia:Endoskeleton + + + + + replacement skeleton + VSAO:curator + + + + + + + + + A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. + VSAO:0000139 + XAO:0004017 + ZFA:0005620 + endochondral replacement element + uberon + UBERON:0010363 + endochondral element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000139 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + endochondral replacement element + VSAO:0000139 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. + exoskeleton + VSAO:0000035 + XAO:0004025 + uberon + dermal skeletal system + dermoskeleton + desmoskeleton + UBERON:0010364 + This ontology covers metazoa, so we do not use exoskeleton as primary label, as in VSAO + dermal skeleton + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000035 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + exoskeleton + VSAO:curator + + + + + + dermal skeletal system + VSAO:curator + + + + + dermoskeleton + VSAO:curator + + + + + desmoskeleton + VSAO:curator + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. + FMA:75739 + NCIT:C33428 + lobulus pulmonis + uberon + UBERON:0010368 + pulmonary lobule + + + + + The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule + + + + + lobulus pulmonis + FMA:75739 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. + FMA:69064 + ectoderm-derived epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0010371 + ecto-epithelium + + + + + Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. + FMA:69064 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') + EHDAA2:0001384 + FMA:79793 + uberon + dorsal pancreas + UBERON:0010375 + pancreas dorsal primordium + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + dorsal pancreas + FMA:79793 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') + EHDAA2:0001387 + FMA:79794 + uberon + ventral pancreas + UBERON:0010376 + pancreas ventral primordium + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + ventral pancreas + FMA:79794 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. + the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives + EHDAA2:0001120 + uberon + UBERON:0010377 + mesenchyme from somatopleure + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. + EHDAA2:0001122 + uberon + UBERON:0010378 + mesenchyme from splanchnopleure + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. + + When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] + MA:0000759 + NCIT:C49775 + UMLS:C1710159 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + uberon + trabecular artery + UBERON:0010399 + + + spleen trabecular artery + + + + + + + + + + MP + + + + + One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. + MP:0002354 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + + + + + When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + + + + + UMLS:C1710159 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. + + The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] + MA:0000760 + NCIT:C49779 + UMLS:C1710160 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + uberon + trabecular vein + UBERON:0010400 + + + spleen trabecular vein + + + + + One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. + MP:0002228 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + UMLS:C1710160 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Vein + + + + + trabecular vein + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. + EMAPA:35336 + MA:0002486 + eye surface + eye surface region + ocular surface + uberon + UBERON:0010409 + + ocular surface region + + + + + The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. + MP:0013754 + + + + + eye surface + MA:0002486 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. + FMA:76551 + SCTID:280860001 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes + ciliary processes + ciliary processes set + processus ciliares + set of ciliary processes + uberon + ciliary process + processus ciliares + UBERON:0010427 + ciliary processes + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray875.png + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-eye-l.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-f-eye-r.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-eye-l.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.4/3d-vh-m-eye-r.glb + + + + + The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. + Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes + + + + + ciliary processes + FMA:76551 + + + + + ciliary processes set + FMA:76551 + + + + + processus ciliares + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of ciliary processes + FMA:76551 + + + + + ciliary process + Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes + + + + + processus ciliares + Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. + In an adult mammal, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones + Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment + FMA:7476 + NCIT:C32616 + SCTID:332907008 + UMLS:C0222649 + Wikipedia:Flat_bone + galen:FlatBone + uberon + os planum + UBERON:0010428 + Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs + flat bone + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. + Wikipedia:Flat_bone + + + + + UMLS:C0222649 + ncithesaurus:Flat_Bone + + + + + os planum + Wikipedia:Flat_bone + + + + + + + + + + A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. + Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. + glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous + FMA:45572 + NCIT:C33419 + NCIT:C49316 + UMLS:C0836138 + UMLS:C1514590 + Wikipedia:Pseudostratified_columnar_epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0010498 + pseudostratified columnar epithelium + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. + Wikipedia:Pseudostratified_columnar_epithelium + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudostratified+epithelium + + + + + glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous + NCIT + + + + + UMLS:C0836138 + ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Epithelium + + + + + UMLS:C1514590 + ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. + FMA:13146 + NCIT:C13181 + UMLS:C0506992 + epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) + uberon + UBERON:0010499 + pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium + + + + + Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. + NCIT:NCIT + + + + + UMLS:C0506992 + ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Ciliated_Epithelium + + + + + epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) + FMA:13146 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ that is capable of detecting electrical stimulus. + electric sense organ + electroreception organ + uberon + UBERON:0010521 + electroreceptor organ + + + + + An organ that is capable of detecting electrical stimulus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. + VSAO:0000135 + XAO:0004016 + ZFA:0005624 + uberon + UBERON:0010522 + replacement element + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000135 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + + + + + + A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. + MESH:D055806 + TAO:0005251 + ZFA:0005251 + uberon + microcirculatory vessels + UBERON:0010523 + microcirculatory vessel + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. + MESH:A07.231.432 + ZFA:0005251 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + microcirculatory vessels + TAO:0005251 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. + FMA:24021 + bone organ cavity + uberon + UBERON:0010527 + cavity of bone organ + + + + + An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bone organ cavity + FMA:24021 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:24028 + air space of bone + uberon + UBERON:0010528 + pneumatic cavity of bone + + + + + + FMA + + + + + air space of bone + FMA:24028 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). + It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] + Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] + It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] + note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) + + 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z + EMAPA:37858 + FMA:7182 + VSAO:0000214 + appendage complex + appendage-girdle complex + appendage/girdle complex + girdle plus limb or fin + uberon + limb + UBERON:0010707 + + appendage girdle complex + + + + + An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000214 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] + 2012-09-06 + VSAO:0000214 + VSAO + Curator + + + + + note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37858 + MA:th + + + + + appendage complex + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + appendage-girdle complex + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + appendage/girdle complex + VSAO:0000214 + + + + + girdle plus limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + limb + FMA:7182 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.[VSAO] + note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) + EMAPA:37860 + FMA:7183 + SCTID:110716002 + VSAO:0000213 + pectoral appendage/girdle complex + pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin + pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin + uberon + upper limb + upper limb and pectoral girdle + upper limb and shoulder + UBERON:0010708 + + pectoral complex + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. + VSAO:0000213 + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000213 + VSAO + VSAO:MAH + + + + + note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37860 + MA:th + + + + + pectoral appendage/girdle complex + VSAO:0000213 + + + + + pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + upper limb + FMA:7183 + + + + + + upper limb and pectoral girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + upper limb and shoulder + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] + note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here + EMAPA:37863 + FMA:7184 + SCTID:416631005 + VSAO:0000215 + pelvic appendage/girdle complex + pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin + pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin + uberon + lower limb + lower limb and pelvic girdle + lower limb and pelvis + UBERON:0010709 + + pelvic complex + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. + VSAO:0000215 + + + + + Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000215 + VSAO + VSAO:MAH + + + + + note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37863 + MA:th + + + + + pelvic appendage/girdle complex + VSAO:0000215 + + + + + pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lower limb + FMA:7184 + + + + + + lower limb and pelvic girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + lower limb and pelvis + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. + Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] + relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] + relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] + AAO:0010686 + VSAO:0000302 + skeleton of girdle + uberon + UBERON:0010719 + girdle skeleton + + + + + The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000302 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000302 + VSAO + + + + + relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000302 + VSAO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). + EMAPA:35494 + MA:0000688 + uberon + bone of extended limb/fin region + limb bone + UBERON:0010740 + + bone of appendage girdle complex + + + + + + + + + + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + bone of extended limb/fin region + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + limb bone + MA:0000688 + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. + considering adding pectoral and pelvic complex skeleton classes + note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here; + EMAPA:32623 + EMAPA:35933 + MA:0000612 + wing bone + uberon + bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle + forelimb bone + UBERON:0010741 + + bone of pectoral complex + + + + + A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here; + MA + + + + + wing bone + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + + bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + forelimb bone + MA:0000612 + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. + the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle + EMAPA:32633 + EMAPA:35934 + MA:0000660 + uberon + hindlimb bone + UBERON:0010742 + + bone of pelvic complex + + + + + + MA + + + + + A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle + MA + + + + + hindlimb bone + MA:0000660 + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. + Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO] + AAO:0000218 + EMAPA:32634 + FMA:9622 + MA:0000663 + pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles + pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle + pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle + uberon + lower limb muscle + muscle of lower limb + muscle of pelvic girdle and leg + UBERON:0010890 + + pelvic complex muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000218 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles + AAO:0000218 + + + + + pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lower limb muscle + FMA:9622 + + + + + + muscle of lower limb + FMA:9622 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. + the MA class belongs here, based on its current child classes + Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO] + AAO:0010687 + EMAPA:32624 + FMA:9621 + MA:0000615 + pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles + muscle of pectoral girdle and wing + muscle of upper limb + upper limb muscle + uberon + muscle of pectoral girdle and limb + UBERON:0010891 + pectoral complex muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010687 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles + AAO:0010687 + + + + + muscle of pectoral girdle and wing + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + + muscle of upper limb + FMA:9621 + + + + + + upper limb muscle + FMA:9621 + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] + FMA:23879 + SCTID:129140006 + VSAO:0000042 + skeletal subdivision + uberon + subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) + UBERON:0010912 + + subdivision of skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + UBERONREF:0000003 + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. + UBERONREF:0000003 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000042 + incorrect + VSAO + VSAO:curator + + + + + skeletal subdivision + VSAO:0000042 + + + + + subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) + FMA:23879 + + + + + + + + + + Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra + In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + vertebral + Typically an endochondral element, in salamanders there is an argument that vertebral development is perichondral and not preformed in cartilage + UBERON:0015005 + vertebra skeletal element + VHOG:0001143 + VSAO:0000184 + vertebra element + vertebra endochondral element + vertebral endochondral element + uberon + UBERON:0010913 + vertebral element + + + + + + + + + + VSAO + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/82 + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000184 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/294 + + + + + In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001143 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.014 Janvier P, Comparative anatomy: all vertebrates do have vertebrae. Current Biology (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + vertebra skeletal element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + vertebra element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + vertebra endochondral element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/82 + + + + + vertebral endochondral element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/82 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. + NCIT:C32716 + UMLS:C0448281 + muscle of head or neck + uberon + muscle of head and neck + UBERON:0010959 + craniocervical muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0448281 + ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. + BTO:0006051 + EFO:0003689 + TAO:0001460 + ZFA:0001460 + pharyngeal arch cartilages + splanchnocranium cartilage + uberon + UBERON:0011004 + + pharyngeal arch cartilage + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + BTO:0006051 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + pharyngeal arch cartilages + ZFA:0001460 + + + + + + splanchnocranium cartilage + ZFA:0001460 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + + + EFO:0003659 + TAO:0001272 + VHOG:0000511 + ZFA:0001272 + dorsal visceral arch 1 + upper pharyngeal jaw + uberon + dorsal mandibular arch + dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 + dorsal visceral arch 1 + palatoquadrate arch + upper jaw + upper pharyngeal jaw + UBERON:0011085 + + palatoquadrate arch + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + + VHOG + + + + + The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. + VHOG:0000511 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/153 + + + + + Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000511 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + dorsal visceral arch 1 + ZFA:0001272 + + + + + upper pharyngeal jaw + ZFA:0001272 + + + + + dorsal mandibular arch + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + dorsal visceral arch 1 + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + palatoquadrate arch + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + upper jaw + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + upper pharyngeal jaw + VHOG:0000511 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a right pelvic girdle region. + FMA:87593 + uberon + UBERON:0011090 + skeleton of right pelvic girdle + + + + + A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a right pelvic girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a left pelvic girdle region. + FMA:87594 + uberon + UBERON:0011091 + skeleton of left pelvic girdle + + + + + A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a left pelvic girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pelvic girdle region that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:16582 + right pelvic girdle + uberon + UBERON:0011092 + right pelvic girdle region + + + + + A pelvic girdle region that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + right pelvic girdle + FMA:16582 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pelvic girdle region that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:16583 + left pelvic girdle + uberon + UBERON:0011093 + left pelvic girdle region + + + + + A pelvic girdle region that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left pelvic girdle + FMA:16583 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + + This class is a superclass of individual vertebral cartilage condensations. Note that EHDAA2 represents these as condensation groups + EMAPA:32669 + VHOG:0000584 + vertebral cartilage condensation + uberon + UBERON:0011094 + vertebra cartilage element + + + + + The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000184 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + vertebra-like cartilage in hagfish are homologous to gnathostome vertebrae. mesenchymal cells express Pax1/9 and Twist + PMC3157150 + + + + + This class is a superclass of individual vertebral cartilage condensations. Note that EHDAA2 represents these as condensation groups + EHDAA2 + + + + + vertebral cartilage condensation + VHOG:0000584 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + EMAPA:32671 + VHOG:0000582 + vertebral pre-cartilage condensation + uberon + UBERON:0011095 + vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2-abduced + + + + + The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. + GO_REF:0000034 + VSAO:0000184 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vertebral pre-cartilage condensation + VHOG:0000582 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. + FMA:35173 + NCIT:C32890 + UMLS:C0827002 + joint of pelvic girdle + pelvic girdle joint + uberon + UBERON:0011107 + synovial joint of pelvic girdle + + + + + A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0827002 + ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle + + + + + pelvic girdle joint + FMA:35173 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle + FMA:35243 + SCTID:303080001 + joint of shoulder girdle + pectoral girdle joint + uberon + UBERON:0011108 + synovial joint of pectoral girdle + + + + + A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle + FMA + + + + + pectoral girdle joint + FMA:35243 + + + + + + + + + Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. + FMA:7491 + solid joint + uberon + UBERON:0011134 + nonsynovial joint + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. + FMA:7491 + + + + + solid joint + FMA:7491 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. + FMA:7483 + uberon + UBERON:0011137 + axial skeletal system + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. + + axial skeletal system + FMA:302077 + post-cranial axial skeletal system + uberon + UBERON:0011138 + postcranial axial skeletal system + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/44 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + axial skeletal system + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. + BTO:0003751 + EMAPA:37970 + Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands + uberon + UBERON:0011148 + submucosal gland + + + + + + + + + + perforates + + + + + Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. + BTO:0003751 + Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands + + + + + EMAPA:37970 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. + EHDAA2:0002206 + EHDAA:8361 + EMAPA:18022 + FMA:53673 + MA:0000318 + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + facial skeleton + uberon + facial bone + ossa facialia + ossa faciei + viscerocranium + UBERON:0011156 + + facial skeleton + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + PMID:11523816 + + + + + Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. + MP:0005274 + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + http://www.bartleby.com/107/37.html + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + facial skeleton + FMA:53673 + + + + + facial bone + MA:0000318 + + + + + ossa facialia + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + + + + + + ossa faciei + Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton + + + + + + viscerocranium + MA:0000318 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. + FMA:54964 + skull subdivision + subdivision of skull + uberon + UBERON:0011158 + + primary subdivision of skull + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + skull subdivision + FMA:54964 + + + + + subdivision of skull + FMA:54964 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0011159 + + primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35238 + MA:0001478 + SCTID:120229002 + chondrocranium bone + uberon + UBERON:0011164 + neurocranium bone + + + + + A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + chondrocranium bone + MA:0001478 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. + Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long + jaw joint + NCIT:C32888 + craniomandibular joint + uberon + UBERON:0011171 + joint connecting upper and lower jaws + + + + + + abduced + + + + + Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. + http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long + http://evolution.berkeley.edu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. + NCIT:C32669 + UMLS:C1517464 + uberon + UBERON:0011185 + gastrointestinal sphincter + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1517464 + ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Sphincter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. + + FMA:15654 + NCIT:C49298 + UMLS:C1708644 + lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine + large intestinal lamina propria + large intestine lamina propria + uberon + UBERON:0011189 + + lamina propria of large intestine + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708644 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria + + + + + lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine + FMA:15654 + + + + + large intestine lamina propria + FMA:15654 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. + FMA:14971 + NCIT:C32927 + UMLS:C0734205 + muscular coat of large intestine + muscular layer of large intestine + muscularis externa of large intestine + tunica muscularis intestini crassi + uberon + UBERON:0011198 + muscle layer of large intestine + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0734205 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat + + + + + muscular coat of large intestine + FMA:14971 + + + + + muscular layer of large intestine + FMA:14971 + + + + + muscularis externa of large intestine + FMA:14971 + + + + + tunica muscularis intestini crassi + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. + FMA:14932 + NCIT:C33569 + SCTID:362145004 + UMLS:C0227269 + muscular coat of small intestine + muscular layer of small intestine + muscularis externa of small intestine + small intestine muscularis propria + tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) + tunica muscularis intestini tenuis + uberon + UBERON:0011201 + muscle layer of small intestine + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227269 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat + + + + + muscular coat of small intestine + FMA:14932 + + + + + muscular layer of small intestine + FMA:14932 + + + + + muscularis externa of small intestine + FMA:14932 + + + + + small intestine muscularis propria + FMA:14932 + + + + + tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) + FMA:14932 + + + + + tunica muscularis intestini tenuis + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. + FMA:83143 + cell part cluster of neuraxis + neuraxis layer + uberon + UBERON:0011215 + + central nervous system cell part cluster + + + + + A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cell part cluster of neuraxis + FMA:83143 + + + + + neuraxis layer + FMA:83143 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of an anatomical system. + + + + + FBbt:00007330 + FMA:67509 + SCTID:91690000 + uberon + UBERON:0011216 + + + + organ system subdivision + + + + + + FBbt + + + + + A subdivision of an anatomical system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FBbt:00007330 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] + AAO:0010038 + EMAPA:18808 + FMA:49150 + intrinsic muscle of eyeball + intrinsic ocular muscle + uberon + UBERON:0011222 + intra-ocular muscle + + + + + + + + + + organ component in FMA + + + + + + EMAPA + + + + + Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010038 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + intrinsic ocular muscle + EMAPA:18808 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. + synovium + BTO:0001823 + FMA:40878 + Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath + uberon + UBERON:0011233 + Alternate def: A synovial sheath is a layer of a tendon sheath containing tendons in the hand and foot. They lie internal to the fibrous tendon sheaths. An example is the common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons. [Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath] + synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath + + + + + Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. + FMA:45087 + Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath + + + + + synovium + BTO:0001823 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:40877 + uberon + UBERON:0011234 + fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. + currently this is not restricted to skeletal elements, unlike UBERONREF:0000007 + AAO:0000986 + uberon + UBERON:0011241 + ethmoid region + + + + + The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. + UBERONREF:0000007 + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. + Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] + FMA:7484 + VHOG:0001666 + VSAO:0000306 + uberon + UBERON:0011249 + appendicular skeletal system + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton + + + + + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000306 + VSAO + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. + In humans, the subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the trunk proper by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall; together with the trunk proper, it constitutes the trunk[FMA] + EMAPA:35162 + FMA:25056 + MA:0000020 + Wikipedia:Human_back + back of trunk + dorsal part of trunk + dorsum of trunk + trunk back + uberon + UBERON:0011270 + dorsal trunk + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. + UBERONREF:0000006 + Wikipedia:Human_back + + + + + back of trunk + FMA:25056 + + + + + dorsum of trunk + FMA:25056 + + + + + trunk back + FMA:25056 + + + + + + + + + + + + compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' + EHDAA2:0001845 + uberon + basal cell layer of skin + outer epithelium of body + UBERON:0011272 + embryonic skin basal layer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + outer epithelium of body + Wikipathways:WP2062 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vasculature that is part of a head. + Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] + TAO:0005297 + ZFA:0005297 + cranial blood vessel + set of blood vessels of head + uberon + cranial blood vessels + UBERON:0011362 + cranial blood vasculature + + + + + A blood vasculature that is part of a head. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005297 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + cranial blood vessel + ZFA:0005297 + + + + + cranial blood vessels + TAO:0005297 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:54364 + SCTID:432899004 + cavity of digestive tract + cavity of gastrointestinal tract + gastrointestinal tract lumen + lumen of gastrointestinal tract + uberon + UBERON:0011565 + lumen of gastrointestinal system + + + + + gastrointestinal tract lumen + FMA:54364 + + + + + lumen of gastrointestinal tract + FMA:54364 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. + EMAPA:18380 + FMA:9398 + SCTID:322648002 + cavity of eosophagus + cavity of esophagus + eosophageal cavity + eosophageal lumen + eosophagus lumen + esophageal cavity + esophageal lumen + esophagus lumen + uberon + UBERON:0011566 + + lumen of esophagus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cavity of esophagus + FMA:9398 + + + + + esophageal cavity + FMA:9398 + + + + + esophageal lumen + FMA:9398 + + + + + esophagus lumen + FMA:9398 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. + Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] + VSAO:0000301 + limb/fin skeleton + skeletal parts of limb/fin + skeleton of limb/fin + uberon + UBERON:0011582 + + paired limb/fin skeleton + + + + + + + + + + ISBN:9780878932504 + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000301 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + limb/fin skeleton + VSAO:0000301 + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). + consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO + VSAO:0000006 + XAO:0004021 + uberon + UBERON:0011585 + cell condensation + + + + + + VSAO + + + + + Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000006 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0002120 + upper jaw future lip + uberon + UBERON:0011592 + future upper lip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + fusion + + + + + + fusion + + + + + upper jaw future lip + EHDAA2:0002120 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. + EMAPA:32905 + NCIT:C114916 + uberon + UBERON:0011595 + jaw region + http://eol.org/collections/11578 + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA + FMA-abduced + ZFA-abduced + + + + + A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001020 + lower jaw future lip + uberon + UBERON:0011596 + future lower lip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence + + + + + lower jaw future lip + EHDAA2:0001020 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). + Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified + upper jaw bone + uberon + UBERON:0011597 + + bone of upper jaw + + + + + Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. + EHDAA2:0004137 + uberon + UBERON:0011642 + oral epithelium from ectoderm + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AAO:0000247 + EFO:0003511 + TAO:0000236 + XAO:0003269 + ZFA:0000236 + mandibular muscle + mandibular muscles + uberon + UBERON:0011648 + + + jaw muscle + + + + + mandibular muscle + TAO:0000236 + + + + + mandibular muscles + TAO:0000236 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. + Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem + axial subdivision of organism + uberon + body segment + main body segment + UBERON:0011676 + + subdivision of organism along main body axis + + + + + A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. + + thoracolumbar vertebra + uberon + presacral vertebra + UBERON:0011677 + + trunk vertebra + + + + + + true + + + + + A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. + UBERONREF:0000006 + + + + + presacral vertebra + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. + EHDAA2:0000216 + FMA:305965 + NCIT:C34148 + conceptus cardiovascular system + uberon + embryonic circulatory system + fetal circulatory system + UBERON:0011695 + embryonic cardiovascular system + + + + + A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. + AAO:0000273 + uberon + UBERON:0011772 + lower jaw opening + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. + AAO:0000621 + uberon + UBERON:0011773 + upper jaw opening + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. + FMA:77011 + spinal cord nucleus + uberon + UBERON:0011777 + + nucleus of spinal cord + + + + + A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + spinal cord nucleus + FMA:77011 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that is part of a head. + uberon + cephalic nerve + head nerve + UBERON:0011779 + + nerve of head region + + + + + A nerve that is part of a head. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. + uberon + UBERON:0011814 + non-neurogenic ectodermal placode + + + + + + cjm + + + + + Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. + PMID:11523831 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. + + EHDAA2:0004149 + FMA:85125 + uberon + AV region + AV segment + atrial ventricular junction + atrioventricular junction + atrioventricular segment + UBERON:0011820 + + atrioventricular region + + + + + An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + AV region + PMID:21234997 + + + + + AV segment + PMID:21234997 + + + + + atrial ventricular junction + GO:0003294 + + + + + atrioventricular junction + FMA:85125 + GO:0003294 + + + + + atrioventricular segment + PMID:21234997 + + + + + + + + + Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. + FMA:20107 + uberon + UBERON:0011821 + irregular connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. + FMA:20107 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. + Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] + FMA:20109 + NCIT:C32882 + UMLS:C0738366 + Wikipedia:Dense_irregular_connective_tissue + irregular dense connective tissue + typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) + uberon + UBERON:0011822 + dense irregular connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. + FMA:20109 + Wikipedia:Dense_irregular_connective_tissue + + + + + Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] + 2012-08-29 + ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue + NCIT + + + + + UMLS:C0738366 + ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + + + typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) + FMA:20109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. + our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. + Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] + AAO:0000121 + NCIT:C32450 + UMLS:C1511770 + Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue + uberon + UBERON:0011823 + dense connective tissue + + + + + Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. + Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue + + + + + Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] + 2012-08-29 + ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue + NCIT + + + + + UMLS:C1511770 + ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue + + + + + + + + + FMA:75634 + SCTID:363130003 + uberon + UBERON:0011824 + fibrous connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. + FMA:19783 + NCIT:C33007 + UMLS:C1253917 + Wikipedia:Loose_connective_tissue + textus connectivus collagenosus laxus + textus connectivus laxus + uberon + UBERON:0011825 + loose connective tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. + FMA:19783 + + + + + UMLS:C1253917 + ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue + + + + + textus connectivus collagenosus laxus + FMA:19783 + FMA:TA + + + + + + textus connectivus laxus + FMA:19783 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. + exocrine gland acinus + uberon + UBERON:0011858 + acinus of exocrine gland + + + + + An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the FMA class specifically refers to ureter + FMA:63212 + MESH:D024022 + NCIT:C32339 + NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 + uberon + UBERON:0011860 + collection of collagen fibrils + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + the FMA class specifically refers to ureter + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + uberon + UBERON:0011861 + + aorta collagen fibril + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + MP:0011640 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + uberon + UBERON:0011862 + + pulmonary collagen fibril + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + MP:0011641 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + uberon + UBERON:0011863 + + bone collagen fibril + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + MP:0011642 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + uberon + UBERON:0011864 + + tendon collagen fibril + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + MP:0011643 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + uberon + UBERON:0011865 + + corneal stroma collagen fibril + + + + + The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. + MP:0011650 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. + In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle + FMA:62998 + muscle coat of esophagus + muscular coat of oesophagus + muscular layer of oesophagus + tela muscularis (oesophagus) + tunica muscularis esophagi + tunica muscularis oesophageae + uberon + UBERON:0011878 + muscle layer of esophagus + + + + + + + + + + upper part + Wikipedia:Muscular_layer + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle + WP + + + + + muscle coat of esophagus + FMA:62998 + + + + + muscular coat of oesophagus + FMA:62998 + + + + + muscular layer of oesophagus + FMA:62998 + + + + + tela muscularis (oesophagus) + FMA:62998 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tunica muscularis esophagi + + + + + + tunica muscularis oesophageae + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. + EMAPA:37417 + SCTID:280656002 + Haller tunica vascula + anterior part of uveal tract + anterior uveal tract + anterior vascular layer of the eyeball + anterior vascular tunic of the eye + tunica vasculosa bulbosa + ventral uveal tract + uberon + ciliary body and iris + vasculosa oculi + UBERON:0011892 + + anterior uvea + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + MP + + + + + Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. + MP:0005194 + + + + + EMAPA:37417 + MA:th + + + + + Haller tunica vascula + MP:0005194 + + + + + tunica vasculosa bulbosa + MP:0005194 + + + + + vasculosa oculi + MP:0005194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. + The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones + FMA:9726 + NCIT:C32527 + UMLS:C0504096 + Wikipedia:Epimysium + fascia of muscle organ + uberon + epimysia + UBERON:0011899 + epimysium + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. + Wikipedia:Epimysium + + + + + UMLS:C0504096 + ncithesaurus:Epimysium + + + + + fascia of muscle organ + FMA:9726 + + + + + epimysia + Wikipedia:Epimysium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. + EHDAA2:0000177 + EMAPA:16115 + visceral yolk sac blood island + yolk sac blood islands + uberon + UBERON:0011919 + + yolk sac blood island + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. + MP:0011204 + + + + + visceral yolk sac blood island + MP:0011204 + + + + + yolk sac blood islands + EHDAA2:0000177 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. + as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus + EMAPA:17623 + MA:0001613 + NCIT:C77661 + SCTID:27633001 + UMLS:C0227197 + uberon + glandular stomach + UBERON:0011953 + + stomach glandular region + + + + + A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0227197 + ncithesaurus:Glandular_Stomach + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. + + EMAPA:37164 + FMA:14339 + MA:0003032 + SCTID:55188000 + uberon + UBERON:0011955 + + left hepatic vein + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37164 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. + + EMAPA:37377 + FMA:14338 + MA:0003034 + SCTID:18135006 + uberon + UBERON:0011956 + + right hepatic vein + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37377 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. + EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. + + coelomic + EHDAA2:0004731 + Wikipedia:Coelom + enterocoelom + haemocoelom + schizocoelom + uberon + coelem + coelomic cavity + UBERON:0011997 + coelom + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Body_cavity + Wikipedia:Coelom + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + enterocoelom + NCBITaxon:33511 + + + + + coelomic cavity + EHDAA2:0004731 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cavity within a myotome. + The central cavity within the mesoderm is the paired primary or embryonic coelom. Parts of the embryonic coelom often become enclosed in the mesoderm, forming a myocoel within the epimere, a nephrocoel within the mesomere, and simple coelom (body cavity) within the lateral plate mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + EMAPA:31134 + VHOG:0001283 + uberon + UBERON:0012054 + myocoele + + + + + The cavity within a myotome. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myocoele + + + + + The central cavity within the mesoderm is the paired primary or embryonic coelom. Parts of the embryonic coelom often become enclosed in the mesoderm, forming a myocoel within the epimere, a nephrocoel within the mesomere, and simple coelom (body cavity) within the lateral plate mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001283 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.166 and Figure 5.6 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any bone that is part of a palate. + this is distinct (but not disjoint) from palatine bone + EMAPA:37930 + NCIT:C33248 + UMLS:C1518857 + palatal bone + uberon + UBERON:0012071 + + palate bone + + + + + Any bone that is part of a palate. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37930 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1518857 + ncithesaurus:Palate_Bone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + dermatocranium, palatal series + palatal series + UBERON:0012072 + palatal part of dermatocranium + + + + + dermatocranium, palatal series + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + palatal series + ISBN:0073040584 + + + + + + + + + + Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. + Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue.[TAO] + This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element. + AAO:0010768 + TAO:0001637 + ZFA:0001628 + replacement bones + uberon + UBERON:0012075 + replacement bone + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. + ZFA:0001628 + + + + + Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001637 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element. + ZFA + + + + + replacement bones + ZFA:0001628 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. + + + uberon + dermatological system + UBERON:0012125 + dermatological-muscosal system + + + + + Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/53 + + + + + dermatological system + OBI:MC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. + EFO:0002580 + NCIT:C34305 + UMLS:C1514976 + uberon + stomach endoderm + UBERON:0012172 + + stomach primordium + + + + + A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1514976 + ncithesaurus:Stomach_Primordium + + + + + stomach endoderm + EFO:0002580 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. + EMAPA:37276 + MA:0000574 + NCIT:C12294 + UMLS:C1522650 + uberon + UBERON:0012180 + head or neck skin + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37276 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1522650 + ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Scalp_and_Neck + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. + EMAPA:37180 + MA:0002194 + NCIT:C53062 + UMLS:C1709532 + uberon + UBERON:0012193 + phrenic vein + + + + + The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. + ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37180 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1709532 + ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. + SCTID:281470000 + abdominal artery + artery of abdomen + uberon + UBERON:0012254 + + abdominal aorta artery + + + + + An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta#Branches + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. + Wikipedia:Columnar_epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0012274 + columnar epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. + Wikipedia:Columnar_epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:86452 + mesoderm-derived epithelium + mesoepithelium + uberon + UBERON:0012275 + meso-epithelium + + + + + Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. + FMA:293103 + SCTID:89066004 + uberon + embryonic facial process + facial primordium + primordium of face + UBERON:0012314 + embryonic facial prominence + + + + + One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. + http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery of the neck. + EMAPA:37075 + NCIT:C52850 + UMLS:C1707349 + uberon + UBERON:0012320 + cervical artery + + + + + An artery of the neck. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37075 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1707349 + ncithesaurus:Cervical_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. + + FMA:10659 + SCTID:244223002 + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + uberon + profunda cervicalis + UBERON:0012321 + + deep cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + + + + + profunda cervicalis + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. + + Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent + FMA:10664 + MA:0001936 + SCTID:244224008 + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + uberon + cervical artery + cervical transverse artery + descending branch of the transverse cervical + transversalis artery colli + transversalis colli artery + transverse cervical + transverse cervical vessels + UBERON:0012324 + + transverse cervical artery + + + + + The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent + MA + + + + + cervical artery + MA:0001936 + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + cervical transverse artery + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + descending branch of the transverse cervical + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transversalis artery colli + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transversalis colli artery + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transverse cervical + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transverse cervical vessels + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bone element that is part of a jaw region. + Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified + EMAPA:35453 + MA:0003130 + SCTID:369003004 + jaw bone + uberon + UBERON:0012360 + bone of jaw + + + + + A bone element that is part of a jaw region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004588 + uberon + UBERON:0012361 + internal anal region + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. + FMA:15697 + intestinal muscularis propria + muscularis externa of intestine + uberon + smooth muscle of intestine + UBERON:0012367 + muscle layer of intestine + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinal muscularis propria + FMA:15697 + + + + + muscularis externa of intestine + FMA:15697 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. + + FMA:45636 + NCIT:C94494 + SCTID:2255006 + UMLS:C0225334 + Wikipedia:Subserosa + uberon + UBERON:0012375 + + Contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and lymph nodes + subserosa + + + + + A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. + Wikipedia:Subserosa + + + + + UMLS:C0225334 + ncithesaurus:Subserosa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37567 + MA:0001802 + uberon + UBERON:0012416 + + respiratory system arterial smooth muscle + + + + + EMAPA:37567 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. + + EMAPA:37586 + MA:0001812 + uberon + UBERON:0012418 + + respiratory system venous smooth muscle + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37586 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. + a wide variety of physiological and cellular functions including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction + increases the surface area of a cell lining whilst minimizing increase in volume + FMA class represents an individual microvillus. + FMA:67296 + MESH:D008871 + NCIT:C33112 + UMLS:C0026049 + Wikipedia:Microvillus + uberon + microvilli + microvillus + UBERON:0012423 + layer of microvilli + + + + + A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. + GO:0005902 + Wikipedia:Microvillus + + + + + FMA class represents an individual microvillus. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0026049 + ncithesaurus:Microvillus + + + + + microvilli + MESH:A11.284.180.565 + + + + + microvillus + FMA:67296 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. + FMA class represents an individual microvillus + FMA:70978 + NCIT:C33634 + uberon + striated border + UBERON:0012425 + striated border microvillus layer + + + + + A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/striated+border + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FMA class represents an individual microvillus + FMA + + + + + striated border + FMA:70978 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. + Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue + CALOHA:TS-2142 + FMA:14073 + NCIT:C13051 + UMLS:C0229619 + haemopoietic tissue + hematopoietic tissue + hemopoietic tissue + textus haemopoieticus + bone marrow tissue + uberon + UBERON:0012429 + hematopoietic tissue + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + defitional + + + + + Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. + http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/hematopoietic+tissue + + + + + UMLS:C0229619 + ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_Tissue + + + + + haemopoietic tissue + FMA:14073 + + + + + hematopoietic tissue + FMA:14073 + + + + + hemopoietic tissue + FMA:14073 + + + + + textus haemopoieticus + FMA:14073 + + + + + bone marrow tissue + NCBITaxon:9606 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. + + tunica fibrosa + FMA:58102 + SCTID:361318005 + Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball + fibrous layer of eyeball + uberon + corneosclera + fibrous tunic + UBERON:0012430 + tunica fibrosa of eyeball + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. + Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + + + + + fibrous layer of eyeball + FMA:58102 + + + + + corneosclera + Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball + + + + + fibrous tunic + Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. + the ZFA class belongs here as it is an anatomical space. See https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/102/ + TAO:0000330 + ZFA:0000330 + cloaca lumen + cloacal chamber + uberon + UBERON:0012463 + cloacal lumen + + + + + + + + + + cjm + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + the ZFA class belongs here as it is an anatomical space. See https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/102/ + ZFA + + + + + cloaca lumen + ZFA:0000330 + + + + + cloacal chamber + ZFA:0000330 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. + cloacal opening + uberon + cloacal orifice + vent + UBERON:0012464 + cloacal vent + + + + + The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. + includes the cloacal lumen, in species where this is present + uberon + UBERON:0012465 + lumen of terminal part of digestive tract + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0000472 + EMAPA:16054 + VHOG:0000767 + uberon + extraembryonic cavities + UBERON:0012466 + extraembryonic cavity + + + + + extraembryonic cavities + EHDAA2:0000472 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. + AEO:0000222 + closed anatomical space + uberon + UBERON:0012467 + enclosed anatomical space + + + + + An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. + AEO:0000222 + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004589 + uberon + UBERON:0012469 + external anal region + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. + FMA:24139 + uberon + bones of upper limb + ossa membri superioris + pectoral complex skeleton + set of bones of upper limb + skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle + upper limb skeleton + UBERON:0012475 + + skeleton of pectoral complex + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + bones of upper limb + FMA:24139 + + + + + ossa membri superioris + FMA:TA + + + + + pectoral complex skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + set of bones of upper limb + FMA:24139 + + + + + skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + upper limb skeleton + FMA:24139 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. + FMA:24140 + uberon + bones of lower limb + lower limb skeleton + ossa membri inferioris + pelvic complex skeleton + set of bones of lower limb + skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle + UBERON:0012476 + + skeleton of pelvic complex + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + bones of lower limb + FMA:24140 + + + + + lower limb skeleton + FMA:24140 + + + + + ossa membri inferioris + FMA:TA + + + + + pelvic complex skeleton + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + set of bones of lower limb + FMA:24140 + + + + + skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. + nuchal + nape + BTO:0000957 + FMA:24189 + SCTID:182326009 + SCTID:304036007 + back of neck + nape of neck + neck back + nucha + nuchal region + posterior cervical region + posterior neck region + posterior part of neck + regio cervicalis posterior + uberon + hindneck + UBERON:0012477 + + dorsal part of neck + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. + MP:0012723 + + + + + nape + BTO:0000957 + + + + + back of neck + FMA:24189 + + + + + neck back + FMA:24189 + + + + + nucha + FMA:24189 + + + + + nuchal region + FMA:24189 + + + + + posterior cervical region + FMA:24189 + + + + + posterior neck region + FMA:24189 + + + + + posterior part of neck + FMA:24189 + + + + + regio cervicalis posterior + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a cloaca. + uberon + UBERON:0012478 + cloacal gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + UBERON:0003349 + cloaca mucosa + cloaca mucosa of organ + cloaca mucous membrane + cloaca organ mucosa + cloacal mucous membrane + mucosa of cloaca + mucosa of organ of cloaca + mucous membrane of cloaca + organ mucosa of cloaca + uberon + UBERON:0012480 + cloacal mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. + cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium. + EMAPA:27577 + EMAPA:36070 + ZFA:0005783 + uberon + cloacal endoderm + UBERON:0012481 + cloacal epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium. + EMAPA:27577 + + + + + cloacal endoderm + EMAPA:27577 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + cloaca submucosa + cloacal submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0012482 + submucosa of cloaca + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + cloaca serosa + cloaca serous membrane + cloacal serosa + serous membrane of cloaca + visceral peritoneum of cloaca + uberon + UBERON:0012483 + serosa of cloaca + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cloacal villi + uberon + UBERON:0012485 + cloacal villus + + + + + cloacal villi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. + muscularis externa of cloaca + uberon + smooth muscle of cloaca + UBERON:0012486 + muscle layer of cloaca + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. + FMA:14944 + SCTID:362147007 + duodenal muscularis propria + muscularis externa of duodenum + uberon + muscularis propria of duodenum + smooth muscle of duodenum + UBERON:0012488 + muscle layer of duodenum + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenal muscularis propria + FMA:14944 + + + + + muscularis externa of duodenum + FMA:14944 + + + + + muscularis propria of duodenum + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + smooth muscle of duodenum + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a colon. + + EMAPA:27383 + FMA:14986 + MA:0003198 + SCTID:362158003 + colonic muscularis propria + muscular coat of colon + muscular layer of colon + muscularis externa of colon + tunica muscularis coli + uberon + colon muscularis + UBERON:0012489 + + muscle layer of colon + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a colon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic muscularis propria + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscular coat of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscular layer of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscularis externa of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + tunica muscularis coli + FMA:TA + + + + + colon muscularis + MA:0003198 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. + FMA:15708 + SCTID:362171000 + anal canal muscularis propria + anal muscularis propria + muscular coat of anal canal + muscular layer of anal canal + muscularis externa of anal canal + muscularis propria of anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0012490 + muscle layer of anal canal + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal muscularis propria + FMA:15708 + + + + + muscularis propria of anal canal + FMA:15708 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. + FMA:63006 + SCTID:85950006 + adventitia of oesophagus + adventitious layer of esophagus + esophageal adventitia + esophagus adventitia + tunica adventitia (esophagus) + tunica adventitia oesophageae + uberon + UBERON:0012504 + adventitia of esophagus + + + + + An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + adventitia of oesophagus + FMA:63006 + + + + + adventitious layer of esophagus + FMA:63006 + + + + + esophageal adventitia + FMA:63006 + + + + + esophagus adventitia + FMA:63006 + + + + + tunica adventitia (esophagus) + FMA:63006 + + + + + tunica adventitia oesophageae + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. + FMA:17046 + SCTID:264014000 + uberon + UBERON:0012650 + gastroduodenal junction + + + + + An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. + BTO:0005415 + gastroduodenal mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0012651 + mucosa of gastroduodenal junction + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gastroduodenal mucosa + BTO:0005415 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that is part of a abdomen. + TODO mirror representation of abdominal aorta + this class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term 'abdominal vein' may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein + SCTID:281473003 + abdominal vein + uberon + UBERON:0013126 + + vein of abdomen + + + + + A vein that is part of a abdomen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the venous system that drains the lungs[Kardong]. + Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_venous_system + pulmonary venous circulatory system + uberon + UBERON:0013127 + pulmonary venous system + + + + + The part of the venous system that drains the lungs[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_venous_system + + + + + Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains a lip. + SCTID:367664002 + labial vein of face + lip vein + vena labialis + uberon + labial vein + UBERON:0013136 + vein of lip + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A vein that drains a lip. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lip vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena labialis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. + FMA:66644 + NCIT:C33719 + SCTID:244389004 + UMLS:C0447117 + systemic venous tree organ part + uberon + UBERON:0013140 + systemic vein + + + + + Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. + ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein + + + + + UMLS:C0447117 + ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein + + + + + systemic venous tree organ part + FMA:66644 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + EHDAA2:0000574 + EMAPA:17065 + gland of foregut-midgut junction + uberon + UBERON:0013158 + foregut-midgut junction gland + + + + + A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gland of foregut-midgut junction + EMAPA:17065 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. + FMA:86279 + acinus of serous gland + uberon + UBERON:0013232 + serous acinus + + + + + The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. + EMAPA:37497 + FMA:9644 + MA:0003061 + NCIT:C77638 + SCTID:264452006 + UMLS:C0230041 + Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity + neuronames:2806 + cavitas cranii + uberon + intracranial cavity + intracranial space + UBERON:0013411 + cranial cavity + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg + + + + + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37497 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0230041 + ncithesaurus:Cranial_Cavity + + + + + cavitas cranii + FMA:9644 + FMA:TA + + + + + + intracranial cavity + Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity + + + + + intracranial space + Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0004128 + CALOHA:TS-0573 + uberon + respiratory endothelium + UBERON:0013479 + lung endothelium + + + + + A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory endothelium + BTO:0004128 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. + NCIT:C34129 + UMLS:C1516658 + sphincter cloacae + uberon + UBERON:0013501 + the muscles of the cloacal sphincter specialise into the perineal muscles in mammals (Gegenbaur, 1883; Popowsky, 1899; Nishi, 1938). + cloacal sphincter + + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1516658 + ncithesaurus:Cloacal_Sphincter + + + + + sphincter cloacae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + UBERON:0013517 + EHDAA2:0000260 + EMAPA:18044 + coccygeal vertebra cartilage element + coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group + tail vertebral cartilage condensation + uberon + UBERON:0013503 + caudal vertebra cartilage element + + + + + A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + coccygeal vertebra cartilage element + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group + EHDAA2:0000260 + + + + + tail vertebral cartilage condensation + EMAPA:18044 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + UBERON:0013518 + EMAPA:18045 + coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + tail vertebral pre-cartilage condensation + uberon + UBERON:0013504 + caudal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + tail vertebral pre-cartilage condensation + EMAPA:18045 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + EHDAA2:0000240 + cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group + uberon + UBERON:0013505 + cervical vertebra cartilage element + + + + + A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group + EHDAA2:0000240 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + uberon + UBERON:0013506 + cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + EHDAA2:0002014 + thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group + uberon + UBERON:0013507 + thoracic vertebra cartilage element + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group + EHDAA2:0002014 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + uberon + UBERON:0013508 + thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation + + + + + A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The space that surrounds an organism. + external to organism + outside of body + uberon + UBERON:0013514 + space surrounding organism + + + + + The space that surrounds an organism. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0013522 + subdivision of tube + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. + Organ cavity which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of stomach. Examples: There is only one cavity of stomach[FMA:14585]. + EMAPA:18395 + FMA:14585 + cavity of stomach + uberon + gastric cavity + UBERON:0013525 + stomach lumen + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Organ cavity which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of stomach. Examples: There is only one cavity of stomach[FMA:14585]. + FMA:14585 + + + + + cavity of stomach + FMA:14585 + + + + + gastric cavity + FMA:14585 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. + FMA:63587 + intestinal villus epithelium + uberon + villous epithelium + villus epithelium + UBERON:0013636 + epithelium of intestinal villus + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinal villus epithelium + FMA:63587 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. + FMA:53165 + SCTID:276742007 + Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull + foramen of skull + cranial conduit + cranial foramen + uberon + foramina of the skull + UBERON:0013685 + foramen of skull + + + + + Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. + TAO:curator + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + foramen of skull + Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull + + + + + cranial conduit + FMA:53165 + + + + + foramina of the skull + Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. + + + + FMA:9338 + foramen space + uberon + UBERON:0013686 + + anatomical conduit space + + + + + + FMA + + + + + An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. + FMA:9338 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. + BTO:0001852 + BTO:0003248 + CALOHA:TS-0092 + uberon + cerebromicrovascular endothelium + UBERON:0013694 + brain endothelium + + + + + Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. + CALOHA:TS-0092 + + + + + cerebromicrovascular endothelium + CALOHA:TS-0092 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. + CALOHA:TS-0162 + uberon + colon endothelial cell + colon endothelial cells + colonic endothelial cell + colonic endothelium + colorectal endothelial cell + colorectal endothelium + UBERON:0013695 + colon endothelium + + + + + Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colon endothelial cell + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colon endothelial cells + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colonic endothelial cell + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colonic endothelium + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colorectal endothelial cell + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + colorectal endothelium + CALOHA:TS-0162 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. + CALOHA:TS-2108 + uberon + epithelium of exocrine pancreas + exocrine pancreas epithelial cell + UBERON:0013697 + exocrine pancreas epithelium + + + + + Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. + CALOHA:TS-2108 + + + + + epithelium of exocrine pancreas + CALOHA:TS-2108 + + + + + exocrine pancreas epithelial cell + CALOHA:TS-2108 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. + EHDAA2:0000159 + EMAPA:18166 + uberon + UBERON:0013700 + axial musculature + + + + + Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. + HP:0003327 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. + uberon + UBERON:0013701 + + main body axis + + + + + A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. + Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. + AEO:0000103 + BTO:0001489 + EMAPA:36031 + FMA:231424 + uberon + body + whole body + UBERON:0013702 + + body proper + + + + + + AEO + + + + + The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. + AEO:0000103 + + + + + Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. + FMA:231424 + + + + + body + AEO:0000103 + + + + + whole body + BTO:0001489 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. + FMA:293127 + NCIT:C34230 + UMLS:C1518428 + uberon + chordal canal + UBERON:0013704 + notochordal canal + + + + + A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/notochordal+canal + + + + + UMLS:C1518428 + ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Canal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. + notochord fluid + portion of notochordal fluid + uberon + UBERON:0013727 + Distinct feature of coelocanths + notochordal fluid + + + + + Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. + http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Latimeria_chalumnae/ + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. + SCTID:314820002 + layer of skin + skin layer + uberon + UBERON:0013754 + + integumentary system layer + + + + + An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood that is part of a artery. + BTO:0006188 + FMA:83066 + arterial blood + blood in artery + portion of arterial blood + uberon + UBERON:0013755 + + arterial blood + + + + + A blood that is part of a artery. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + BTO:0006188 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + arterial blood + FMA:83066 + + + + + blood in artery + FMA:83066 + + + + + portion of arterial blood + FMA:83066 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood that is part of a vein. + BTO:0006187 + FMA:83067 + blood in vein + portion of venous blood + venous blood + uberon + UBERON:0013756 + venous blood + + + + + A blood that is part of a vein. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + BTO:0006187 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + blood in vein + FMA:83067 + + + + + portion of venous blood + FMA:83067 + + + + + venous blood + FMA:83067 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood that is part of a capillary. + FMA:263901 + NCIT:C32212 + blood in capillary + portion of blood in capillary + portion of capillary blood + uberon + UBERON:0013757 + capillary blood + + + + + A blood that is part of a capillary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portion of blood in capillary + FMA:263901 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. + EMAPA:37843 + SCTID:272627002 + digestive organ + digestive system organ + uberon + UBERON:0013765 + + + digestive system element + + + + + Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37843 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. + great vessel + EMAPA:36460 + SCTID:304066000 + Wikipedia:Great_vessels + great vessel of thorax + uberon + UBERON:0013768 + + Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae + great vessel of heart + + + + + Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. + Wikipedia:Great_vessels + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:32735 + FMA:293883 + mesenchyme from neural crest + neural crest derived mesenchyme + neural crest mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0014387 + mesenchyme derived from neural crest + + + + + Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/248 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. + this class may be merged with 'respiratory system muscle'; check intercostals + MESH:D012132 + uberon + UBERON:0014398 + + respiratory muscle + + + + + Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + MESH:D012132 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. + FMA:63133 + lumen of sinusoid + sinusoid lumen + uberon + UBERON:0014399 + sinusoidal space + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lumen of sinusoid + FMA:63133 + + + + + sinusoid lumen + FMA:63133 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. + FMA:262090 + lumen of hepatic sinusoid + uberon + UBERON:0014400 + hepatic sinusoidal space + + + + + A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lumen of hepatic sinusoid + FMA:262090 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A part of the body present only in a specific gender. + AEO:0000174 + WBbt:0005752 + gender-specific + gender-specific anatomical structure + sex-specific + uberon + UBERON:0014402 + sex-specific anatomical structure + + + + + A part of the body present only in a specific gender. + AEO:0000174 + AEO:JB + + + + + gender-specific anatomical structure + AEO:0000174 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A part of the body present only in females. + AEO:0000176 + uberon + UBERON:0014404 + female anatomical structure + + + + + A part of the body present only in females. + AEO:0000176 + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. + Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively[BTO:0004041]. + + + + BTO:0004041 + CALOHA:TS-2405 + uberon + abdominal fat + intra-abdominal adipose tissue + intra-abdominal fat + organ fat + visceral adipose tissue + visceral fat + UBERON:0014454 + visceral abdominal adipose tissue + + + + + Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. + CALOHA:paula + MGI:csmith + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 + + + + + Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively[BTO:0004041]. + BTO:0004041 + + + + + abdominal fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + intra-abdominal fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + organ fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + visceral adipose tissue + BTO:0004041 + + + + + visceral fat + BTO:0004041 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. + + + + CALOHA:TS-2406 + abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue + subcutaneous abdominal fat + subcutaneous fat of abdominal region + uberon + UBERON:0014455 + subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue + + + + + Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. + CALOHA:paula + MGI:csmith + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. + + EHDAA2:0002013 + FMA:77169 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_skeleton + skeleton of thorax + thoracic part of axial skeleton + thoracic skeleton + uberon + UBERON:0014477 + + + thoracic skeleton + + + + + Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. + Wikipedia:Rib_cage + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + thoracic skeleton + EHDAA2:0002013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. + + BIRNLEX:1410 + SCTID:367876000 + UMLS:C0228632 + UMLS:C1288552 + thoracic spinal cord ventral horn + uberon + thoracic spinal cord anterior horn + UBERON:0014610 + + thoracic spinal cord ventral horn + + + + + A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0228632 + BIRNLEX:1410 + + + + + UMLS:C1288552 + BIRNLEX:1410 + + + + + thoracic spinal cord ventral horn + BIRNLEX:1410 + + + + + + thoracic spinal cord anterior horn + BIRNLEX:1410 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. + + BIRNLEX:1521 + SCTID:362438009 + UMLS:C0228610 + cervical spinal cord gray matter + uberon + UBERON:0014613 + + cervical spinal cord gray matter + + + + + A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0228610 + BIRNLEX:1521 + + + + + cervical spinal cord gray matter + BIRNLEX:1521 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. + + BIRNLEX:1680 + MESH:D066151 + SCTID:174363005 + UMLS:C0228615 + UMLS:C1278740 + cervical spinal cord ventral horn + uberon + cervical spinal cord anterior horn + UBERON:0014621 + + cervical spinal cord ventral horn + + + + + A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + MESH:D066151 + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + UMLS:C0228615 + BIRNLEX:1680 + + + + + UMLS:C1278740 + BIRNLEX:1680 + + + + + cervical spinal cord ventral horn + BIRNLEX:1680 + + + + + + cervical spinal cord anterior horn + BIRNLEX:1680 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. + + BIRNLEX:980 + SCTID:362441000 + UMLS:C0228627 + thoracic spinal cord gray matter + uberon + UBERON:0014636 + + thoracic spinal cord gray matter + + + + + A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0228627 + BIRNLEX:980 + + + + + thoracic spinal cord gray matter + BIRNLEX:980 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. + EHDAA2:0004108 + EMAPA:32918 + uberon + UBERON:0014702 + frontonasal process epithelium + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. + EHDAA2:0004019 + EMAPA:25040 + uberon + UBERON:0014703 + anal membrane ectodermal component + + + + + A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. + EHDAA2:0004736 + EMAPA:25034 + pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity + uberon + UBERON:0014704 + pleuroperitoneal canal lumen + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity + EMAPA:25034 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. + + NCIT:C32828 + UMLS:C1512857 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_ducts + uberon + UBERON:0014716 + + interlobular duct + + + + + A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. + ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. + FMA:86278 + acinus of mucuous gland + mucus acinus + uberon + UBERON:0014717 + mucous acinus + + + + + The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. + + SCTID:205214009 + uberon + intralobular ductule + UBERON:0014719 + + intralobular duct + + + + + A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. + uberon + intralobular ductule + UBERON:0014720 + interlobar duct + + + + + A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The domain of the diaphragm that is located dorsally and attaches to the vertebrae and surrounds the esophagus and aorta. + EHDAA2:0000597 + EMAPA:17703 + SCTID:244668003 + VHOG:0001546 + Wikipedia:Crus_of_diaphragm + crural diaphragm + uberon + crura of the diaphragm + crus of the diaphragm + diaphragm crura + diaphragmatic crura + UBERON:0014765 + Classification notes: May be considered an external sphincter[PMID:8224664] + crus of diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + The domain of the diaphragm that is located dorsally and attaches to the vertebrae and surrounds the esophagus and aorta. + PMID:23586979 + + + + + crural diaphragm + PMID:23586979 + + + + + crura of the diaphragm + Wikipedia:Crus_of_diaphragm + + + + + crus of the diaphragm + Wikipedia:Crus_of_diaphragm + + + + + diaphragm crura + + + + + + diaphragmatic crura + Wikipedia:Crus_of_diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_right_side_of a diaphragm. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:58286 + SCTID:362690009 + crus dextrum (Diaphragma) + crus dextrum diaphragmatis + external sphincter of esophagus + right crus of diaphragm + right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm + uberon + UBERON:0014766 + right crus of diaphragm + + + + + A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_right_side_of a diaphragm. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + crus dextrum (Diaphragma) + FMA:58286 + FMA:TA + + + + + + crus dextrum diaphragmatis + FMA:58286 + FMA:TA + + + + + + external sphincter of esophagus + FMA:58286 + + + + + right crus of diaphragm + FMA:58286 + + + + + right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm + FMA:58286 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_left_side_of a diaphragm. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:58287 + SCTID:244937004 + crus sinistrum (Diaphragma) + crus sinistrum diaphragmatis + left crus of diaphragm + left crus of lumbar part of diaphragm + uberon + UBERON:0014767 + left crus of diaphragm + + + + + A crus of diaphragm that is in_the_left_side_of a diaphragm. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + crus sinistrum (Diaphragma) + FMA:58287 + FMA:TA + + + + + + crus sinistrum diaphragmatis + FMA:58287 + FMA:TA + + + + + + left crus of diaphragm + FMA:58287 + + + + + left crus of lumbar part of diaphragm + FMA:58287 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. + mesomere + midbrain segment + segment of midbrain + EHDAA2:0004352 + FMA:61997 + mesomere of nervous system + neuromere of mesomere group + uberon + future mesencephalon + mesomere group + UBERON:0014776 + midbrain neuromere + + + + + A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + mesomere group + EHDAA2:0004352 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. + TAO:0001332 + ZFA:0001332 + spinal cord metameric segment + spinal neuromeres + uberon + spinal cord segment + UBERON:0014777 + spinal neuromere + + + + + A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + spinal neuromeres + TAO:0001332 + + + + + + spinal cord segment + TAO:0001332 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. + uberon + UBERON:0014783 + cloacal muscle + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + EMAPA:37864 + FMA:71297 + muscles of lower limb + musculature of lower limb + musculi membri inferioris + uberon + UBERON:0014792 + musculature of pelvic complex + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37864 + MA:th + + + + + muscles of lower limb + FMA:71297 + + + + + musculature of lower limb + FMA:71297 + + + + + musculi membri inferioris + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. + currently defined by location rather than attachment + EMAPA:37861 + FMA:71296 + muscles of upper limb + musculature of upper limb + musculi membri superioris + set of muscles of upper limb + upper limb musculature + uberon + UBERON:0014793 + musculature of pectoral complex + + + + + Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37861 + MA:th + + + + + muscles of upper limb + FMA:71296 + + + + + musculature of upper limb + FMA:71296 + + + + + musculi membri superioris + FMA:TA + + + + + set of muscles of upper limb + FMA:71296 + + + + + upper limb musculature + FMA:71296 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). + uberon + UBERON:0014794 + pectoral appendage muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). + uberon + UBERON:0014795 + pelvic appendage muscle + + + + + + + + + + prolog + + + + + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). + + skeletal muscle + AAO:0011099 + BTO:0001103 + CALOHA:TS-0933 + EFO:0000888 + EHDAA:5035 + EHDAA:5043 + EHDAA:5978 + EHDAA:5984 + EMAPA:35988 + EV:0100377 + GAID:141 + MA:0003148 + MAT:0000302 + MESH:D018482 + MIAA:0000302 + TAO:0005277 + VHOG:0000319 + XAO:0000174 + ZFA:0005277 + uberon + UBERON:0014892 + + skeletal muscle organ, vertebrate + + + + + A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. + EFO:0003708 + TAO:0005076 + ZFA:0005076 + uberon + UBERON:0014903 + primordial vasculature + + + + + A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. + ZFA:0005076 + ZFA:curator + + + + + + + + + + One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. + Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta or the posterior cardinal vein and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these don't have venous or arterial markers[ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4]. + EFO:0003664 + EMAPA:37389 + TAO:0001285 + XAO:0004075 + ZFA:0001285 + intersegmental vessel + intersegmental vessels + intersomitic blood vessel + intersomitic vessels + segmental vessel + uberon + UBERON:0014907 + + intersomitic vessel + + + + + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. + MGI:anna + + + + + Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta or the posterior cardinal vein and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these don't have venous or arterial markers[ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4]. + ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4 + + + + + EMAPA:37389 + MA:th + + + + + intersegmental vessel + ZFA:0001285 + + + + + intersegmental vessels + ZFA:0001285 + + + + + + intersomitic blood vessel + XAO:0004075 + + + + + intersomitic vessels + ZFA:0001285 + + + + + + segmental vessel + ZFA:0001285 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. + cervical vertebra skeletal element + cervical vertebra element + uberon + UBERON:0015007 + cervical vertebra endochondral element + + + + + A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cervical vertebra skeletal element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + cervical vertebra element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. + thoracic vertebra skeletal element + thoracic vertebra element + uberon + UBERON:0015008 + thoracic vertebra endochondral element + + + + + A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + thoracic vertebra skeletal element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + thoracic vertebra element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. + sphenoid bone skeletal element + sphenoid element + uberon + UBERON:0015060 + sphenoid endochondral element + + + + + A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + sphenoid bone skeletal element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + sphenoid element + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern + + + + + + + + + + + consider merging into myocardial compact layer + FMA:83105 + perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium + subepicardial connective tissue + uberon + UBERON:0015128 + subepicardial layer of epicardium + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium + FMA:83105 + + + + + subepicardial connective tissue + FMA:83105 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. + FMA:9871 + SCTID:42267001 + epicardial adipose tissue + pericardial adipose tissue + uberon + UBERON:0015129 + epicardial fat + + + + + Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. + DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. + the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is either the Harderian or the lacrimal; if it is a lacrimal, then a progressive lateral migration of the lacrimal glands must occur through the amniotes[PMID:7559104] + the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is the Harderian[PMID:8843648] + + ocular gland + uberon + orbital gland + UBERON:0015152 + gland of ocular region + + + + + + + + + + inferred + + + + + A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/614 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0015165 + multi-unit eye + + + + + An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. + PMID:21062451 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + present on tentacular crown + PMID:21062451 + + + + + + present on mantle edge in arcacean Bivalvia + PMID:21062451 + + + + + + The eyes (optic cushions) on the oral surface of Asteroida (Echinodermata), close to the base of the terminal tentacles, are also composed of a number of simple ocelli - as many as 80-200 in certain species + PMID:21062451 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. + TAO:0001462 + XAO:0004074 + ZFA:0001462 + uberon + inter-somited border + intersomitic boundary + intersomitic fissure + intersomitic junction + segmental border + somite boundary + UBERON:0015178 + + somite border + + + + + A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + intersomitic junction + XAO:0004074 + + + + + somite boundary + ZFA:0001462 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. + XAO:0004077 + intersomitic epithelium + intersomitic membrane + uberon + UBERON:0015179 + somite boundary epithelium + + + + + Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. + XAO:0004077 + XAO:EJS + + + + + intersomitic epithelium + XAO:0004077 + + + + + intersomitic membrane + XAO:0004077 + + + + + + + + + An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. + AEO:0000093 + FBbt:00007278 + uberon + UBERON:0015203 + non-connected functional system + + + + + An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. + AEO:0000093 + AEO:JB + FBC:DOS + FBbt:00007278 + + + + + FBbt:00007278 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A non-connected functional system that is composed primarily of a gland. + EHDAA2:0002223 + uberon + UBERON:0015204 + glandular system + + + + + A non-connected functional system that is composed primarily of a gland. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. + This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. + uberon + UBERON:0015212 + + + lateral structure + + + + + Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. + heart + SPD:0000130 + cardiac pump + heart or heart like organ + circulatory vessel + uberon + cardiac structure + UBERON:0015228 + + circulatory organ + + + + + A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_left_side_of a exocrine pancreas. + EMAPA:37711 + MA:0000722 + uberon + UBERON:0015280 + pancreas left lobe + + + + + A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_left_side_of a exocrine pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37711 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_right_side_of a exocrine pancreas. + EMAPA:37712 + MA:0000723 + uberon + UBERON:0015281 + pancreas right lobe + + + + + A pancreatic lobule that is in_the_right_side_of a exocrine pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37712 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. + EMAPA:37570 + MA:0001815 + uberon + UBERON:0015329 + respiratory system basement membrane + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37570 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37597 + MA:0002449 + heart/pericardium + uberon + UBERON:0015410 + + heart plus pericardium + + + + + + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37597 + MA:th + + + + + heart/pericardium + MA:0002449 + + + + + + + + + + The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. + + EMAPA:37217 + FMA:14772 + MA:0003095 + SCTID:244262006 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + hepatic artery proper + uberon + proper hepatic + UBERON:0015480 + + proper hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + + + + + EMAPA:37217 + MA:th + + + + + hepatic artery proper + FMA:14772 + + + + + proper hepatic + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. + + EMAPA:37096 + FMA:14779 + MA:0003096 + left branch of hepatic artery + left part of hepatic artery proper + ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) + uberon + UBERON:0015481 + + left hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37096 + MA:th + + + + + left branch of hepatic artery + FMA:14779 + + + + + left part of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14779 + + + + + ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) + FMA:14779 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. + + EMAPA:37376 + FMA:14778 + MA:0003097 + ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) + right branch of hepatic artery proper + right part of hepatic artery proper + uberon + UBERON:0015482 + + right hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37376 + MA:th + + + + + ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) + FMA:14778 + FMA:TA + + + + + + right branch of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14778 + + + + + right part of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14778 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. + EMAPA:37478 + MA:0003108 + choledochoduodenal junction + uberon + UBERON:0015485 + choledocho-duodenal junction + + + + + Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/choledochoduodenal+junction + + + + + EMAPA:37478 + MA:th + + + + + choledochoduodenal junction + MA:0003108 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. + + EMAPA:18835 + FMA:17511 + anal canal epithelium + epithelium of anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0015716 + + anal canal epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal epithelium + FMA:17511 + + + + + epithelium of anal canal + FMA:17511 + + + + + + + + + FMA:62798 + portion of heterogeneous tissue + uberon + UBERON:0015757 + heterogeneous tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + portion of heterogeneous tissue + FMA:62798 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. + FMA:77862 + muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae + uberon + UBERON:0015783 + smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + FMA:77862 + + + + + stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae + FMA:77862 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a liver. + EMAPA:35498 + MA:0003137 + uberon + hepatic blood vessel + UBERON:0015796 + liver blood vessel + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic blood vessel + EMAPA:35498 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. + EMAPA:35957 + MA:0003162 + uberon + UBERON:0015808 + eye epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a foregut. + EMAPA:32922 + MA:0003204 + uberon + UBERON:0015833 + foregut epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a foregut. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. + + EMAPA:27255 + FMA:15972 + MA:0003209 + duodenal lamina propria + lamina propria mucosae of duodenum + lamina propria of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0015834 + + duodenum lamina propria + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenal lamina propria + FMA:15972 + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of duodenum + FMA:15972 + + + + + lamina propria of duodenum + FMA:15972 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of a lung. + + FMA:14121 + capillary of lung + uberon + UBERON:0016405 + + + pulmonary capillary + + + + + A capillary that is part of a lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary of lung + FMA:14121 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. + FMA:58289 + esophageal hiatus of diaphragm + oesophageal aperture + oesophageal hiatus + uberon + UBERON:0016458 + + esophageal hiatus + + + + + A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. + HP:0002036 + + + + + esophageal hiatus of diaphragm + FMA:58289 + + + + + oesophageal aperture + FMA:58289 + + + + + oesophageal hiatus + FMA:58289 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stroma that is part of a liver. + + FMA:17553 + hepatic stroma + stroma of liver + uberon + UBERON:0016478 + + liver stroma + + + + + A stroma that is part of a liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic stroma + FMA:17553 + + + + + stroma of liver + FMA:17553 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. + Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA + EMAPA:36002 + FMA:7192 + MA:0002443 + NCIT:C12889 + NLXANAT:090817 + UMLS:C0587901 + Wikipedia:Auditory_system + neuronames:2888 + uberon + UBERON:0016490 + auditory system + + + + + Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. + NLXANAT:090817 + + + + + Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0587901 + ncithesaurus:Auditory_System + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. + EMAPA:26047 + FMA:9291 + right ventricle lumen + right ventricular cavity + uberon + UBERON:0016509 + cavity of right ventricle + + + + + Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + right ventricle lumen + EMAPA:26047 + + + + + right ventricular cavity + FMA:FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. + EMAPA:19080 + FMA:14589 + doudenal lumen + duodenal lumen + uberon + UBERON:0016512 + lumen of duodenum + + + + + An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal lumen + FMA:FMA + + + + + duodenal lumen + FMA:FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. + EMAPA:26011 + FMA:9465 + left atrial cavity + left atrium lumen + uberon + UBERON:0016513 + cavity of left atrium + + + + + Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + left atrial cavity + FMA:FMA + + + + + left atrium lumen + EMAPA:26011 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. + EMAPA:26038 + FMA:9466 + left ventricular cavity + uberon + UBERON:0016514 + cavity of left ventricle + + + + + Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + left ventricular cavity + FMA:FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. + EMAPA:26020 + FMA:11359 + right atrial cavity + uberon + UBERON:0016522 + cavity of right atrium + + + + + Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + right atrial cavity + FMA:FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. + UBERON:2001379 + TAO:0001379 + ZFA:0001379 + uberon + UBERON:0016545 + pharyngeal ectoderm + + + + + The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. + PMID:23020903 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. + grey matter layer + FMA:83142 + CNS gray matter layer + CNS grey matter layer + gray matter layer of neuraxis + grey matter layer of neuraxis + uberon + UBERON:0016548 + central nervous system gray matter layer + + + + + A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + gray matter layer of neuraxis + FMA:83142 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0016550 + spinal cord column + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. + NCIT:C93171 + UMLS:C0225378 + uberon + UBERON:0016552 + phlegm + + + + + Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). + uberon + UBERON:0016553 + respiratory system mucus + + + + + Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). + Wikipedia:Nasal_mucus#Respiratory_system + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + An roughly circular indentation in a surface. + AEO:0000204 + uberon + UBERON:0016566 + + pit + + + + + An roughly circular indentation in a surface. + AEO:0000204 + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:68861 + Wikipedia:Rexed_laminae + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rexed_spinal_cord_parcellation_scheme_region + rexed lamina + uberon + UBERON:0016570 + lamina of gray matter of spinal cord + + + + + rexed lamina + FMA:68861 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal region of the optic cup that gives rise to the dorsal part of the retina. + dorsal optic cup + dorsal region of optic cup + uberon + UBERON:0016854 + dorsal part of optic cup + + + + + The dorsal region of the optic cup that gives rise to the dorsal part of the retina. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + dorsal optic cup + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + dorsal region of optic cup + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. + UBERON:3000469 + future CNS + presumptive central nervous system + uberon + UBERON:0016879 + future central nervous system + + + + + Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Primordium that develops into the nervous system. + UBERON:3000477 + AAO:0000477 + presumptive nervous system + uberon + UBERON:0016880 + future nervous system + + + + + Primordium that develops into the nervous system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + presumptive nervous system + AAO:0000477 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. + BTO:0005445 + WBbt:0005800 + rectum epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0016885 + epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract + + + + + Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + rectum epithelium + BTO:0005445 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. + rectum muscle + rectum muscle structure + uberon + UBERON:0016886 + muscle tissue of terminal part of digestive tract + + + + + Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. + AEO:0000195 + EHDAA2:0000003 + EMAPA:16042 + extra-embryonic component + extraembryonic component + uberon + UBERON:0016887 + entire extraembryonic component + + + + + + + + + + AEO + + + + + + AEO + + + + + The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. + AEO:0000195 + AEO:JB + + + + + extraembryonic component + AEO:0000195 + + + + + + + + + An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. + AEO:0000132 + uberon + UBERON:0016888 + transitional anatomical structure + + + + + + AEO + + + + + An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. + AEO:0000132 + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. + AEO:0001016 + uberon + UBERON:0017650 + developing mesenchymal structure + + + + + A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. + AEO:0001016 + AEO:JB + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A viscus that is part of a abdomen. + FMA:32413 + FMA:67355 + abdominal viscera + abdominal viscera set + set of abdominal viscera + uberon + UBERON:0017672 + + abdominal viscera + + + + + A viscus that is part of a abdomen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + abdominal viscera + FMA:32413 + + + + + abdominal viscera set + FMA:32413 + + + + + set of abdominal viscera + FMA:32413 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. + FMA:15035 + muscular coat of rectum + muscularis externa of rectum + rectal muscularis propria + tunica muscularis (rectum) + tunica muscularis recti + uberon + UBERON:0018111 + muscle layer of rectum + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + muscular coat of rectum + FMA:15035 + + + + + muscularis externa of rectum + FMA:15035 + + + + + rectal muscularis propria + FMA:15035 + + + + + tunica muscularis (rectum) + FMA:15035 + + + + + tunica muscularis recti + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. + rectal smooth muscle tissue + rectum smooth muscle + smooth muscle of rectum + uberon + UBERON:0018112 + rectum smooth muscle tissue + + + + + Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:83521 + uberon + UBERON:0018135 + fibrocollagenous connective tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any vertebra endochondral element that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). + UBERON:0015006 + caudal vertebra element + tail vertebra element + coccygeal vertebra element + coccyx vertebra element + uberon + UBERON:0018142 + caudal vertebra endochondral element + + + + + Any vertebra endochondral element that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. + FMA:24767 + SCTID:281630002 + lower lip skin + uberon + UBERON:0018150 + skin of lower lip + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lower lip skin + FMA:24767 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. + FMA:24765 + SCTID:281629007 + upper lip skin + uberon + UBERON:0018151 + skin of upper lip + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + upper lip skin + FMA:24765 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A stroma that is part of a pancreas. + + FMA:63121 + pancreatic stroma + uberon + UBERON:0018234 + + stroma of pancreas + + + + + A stroma that is part of a pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pancreatic stroma + FMA:63121 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. + rhombomere junction + uberon + UBERON:0018239 + rhombomere boundary + + + + + A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. + GO:0021654 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104 + + EHDAA2:0001842 + EMAPA:35578 + MA:0000165 + uberon + UBERON:0018254 + + + skeletal musculature + + + + + + + + + + MA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. + uberon + UBERON:0018257 + submucosa of digestive tract + + + + + Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. + NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only + FMA:45634 + NCIT:C75444 + UMLS:C0225358 + uberon + UBERON:0018260 + layer of muscle tissue + + + + + Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only + NCIT + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. + responsible for gut movement, such as peristalsis + tunica muscularis of digestive tract + uberon + muscular layer of digestive tract + muscularis externa of digestive tract + tunica externa of digestive tract + UBERON:0018261 + muscular coat of digestive tract + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. + There are usually two Foramina ethmoidalia present on each side in the dog. Sometimes one is situated rostral to the other, but often it is dorsal. They are not homologous with the Foramen ethmoidale anterius and Foramen ethmoidale posterius of man. Therefore they are not listed separately.[NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005)] + Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_foramina + ethmoidal foramen + foramina ethmoidalia + uberon + ethmoid foramina + ethmoidal foramina + UBERON:0018415 + Taxon nodes: In humans, refers to anterior or posterior ethmoid foramina + ethmoid foramen + + + + + An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + foramina ethmoidalia + + + + + + ethmoid foramina + + + + + + ethmoidal foramina + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anatomical space within the intestine. + see notes in inclusivity in class 'intestine' + FMA:14586 + TADS:0000495 + WBbt:0005791 + ZFA:0005807 + intestinal lumen + intestine lumen + uberon + gut lumen + UBERON:0018543 + lumen of intestine + + + + + The anatomical space within the intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + intestinal lumen + FMA:14586 + + + + + intestine lumen + ZFA:0005807 + + + + + gut lumen + ZFA:0005807 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). + MFMO:0000072 + muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve + muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve + uberon + UBERON:0018544 + trigeminal nerve muscle + + + + + Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). + MFMO:0000072 + + + + + muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve + MFMO:0000072 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:83450 + ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + ventricular heart muscle + uberon + ventricular muscle + UBERON:0018649 + cardiac muscle tissue of ventricle + + + + + ventricular cardiac muscle tissue + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + ventricular heart muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + ventricular muscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. + FMA:73747 + ZFA:0005811 + cardiac vasculature + uberon + UBERON:0018674 + heart vasculature + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. + ZFA:0005811 + ZFA:CVS + + + + + cardiac vasculature + FMA:73747 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0018692 + dorsal side of post-anal tail + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. + BTO:0000123 + bladder + uberon + UBERON:0018707 + bladder organ + + + + + A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. + BTO:0000123 + + + + + bladder + BTO:0000123 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0002439 + genital mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0019042 + reproductive system mucosa + + + + + genital mucosa + BTO:0002439 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. + BTO:0004043 + uberon + intramuscular fat + UBERON:0019143 + intramuscular adipose tissue + + + + + Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. + BTO:0004043 + + + + + intramuscular fat + BTO:0004043 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0004626 + uberon + carotid endothelium + carotid epithelium + UBERON:0019189 + carotid artery endothelium + + + + + carotid endothelium + BTO:0004626 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0004638 + FMA:13119 + SCTID:88410004 + bronchial gland + bronchial mucous gland + peribronchial gland + uberon + UBERON:0019190 + mucous gland of lung + + + + + bronchial gland + FMA:13119 + + + + + bronchial mucous gland + FMA:13119 + + + + + peribronchial gland + BTO:0004638 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. + BTO:0004382 + uberon + UBERON:0019204 + skin epithelium + + + + + Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. + SCTID:110701000 + chorioretina + choroid and retina + retinachoroid + retinachoroidal region + uberon + UBERON:0019207 + + chorioretinal region + + + + + The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. + UBERON:drseb + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:10654 + FMA:268630 + gray matter of the hindbrain + uberon + UBERON:0019263 + + gray matter of hindbrain + + + + + gray matter of the hindbrain + DHBA:HGM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:10649 + FMA:83913 + uberon + UBERON:0019267 + + gray matter of midbrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:35952 + MA:0003174 + uberon + UBERON:0019304 + sensory organ epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. + integumental exocrine gland + integumental system exocrine gland + uberon + UBERON:0019319 + exocrine gland of integumental system + + + + + An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. + GOC:dos + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + integumental exocrine gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + integumental system exocrine gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:58315 + uberon + surface of region of wall of eyeball + UBERON:0022288 + surface of eyeball + + + + + surface of region of wall of eyeball + FMA:58315 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NCIT:C33596 + SCTID:282511007 + uberon + UBERON:0022292 + splenic arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. + uberon + genital fluid + genital secretion + reproductive system fluid + reproductive system fluid/secretion + reproductive system secretion + UBERON:0022293 + reproductive gland secretion + + + + + A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. + this is currently used to group some cellular layers that may not strictly conform to the CARO definition of cell-part layer. Consider genericisizing and introducing subtypes for cellular layer, fibrous layer and cell soma layer + lamina + layer + NLX:149357 + uberon + UBERON:0022303 + + nervous system cell part layer + + + + + Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. + NLX:149357 + + + + + lamina + CUMBO:CUMBO + + + + + layer + CUMBO:CUMBO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. + FMA:15860 + visceral wall of serous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0022350 + visceral serous membrane + + + + + Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + visceral wall of serous membrane + FMA:15860 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. + cavity lining + FMA:15859 + MA:0002448 + parietal wall of serous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0022351 + parietal serous membrane + + + + + Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cavity lining + MA:0002448 + + + + + parietal wall of serous membrane + FMA:15859 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. + SCTID:34922002 + lung field + uberon + UBERON:0022361 + lung field + + + + + A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. + GOC:dph + GOC:mtg_lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. + neurepithelium + AEO:0001008 + BTO:0000314 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 + FMA:64807 + embryonic neuroepithelium + neuroepithelium + uberon + UBERON:0034705 + developing neuroepithelium + + + + + An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. + AEO:0001008 + AEO:JB + + + + + neurepithelium + BTO:0000314 + + + + + embryonic neuroepithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neuroepithelium + AEO:0001008 + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. + AEO:0001009 + uberon + UBERON:0034706 + proliferating neuroepithelium + + + + + + AEO + + + + + An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. + AEO:0001009 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. + AEO:0001010 + uberon + UBERON:0034707 + differentiating neuroepithelium + + + + + + AEO + + + + + A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. + AEO:0001010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:12694 + EMAPA:32916 + marginal zone of hindbrain + uberon + MZH + UBERON:0034709 + hindbrain marginal layer + + + + + marginal zone of hindbrain + DHBA:12694 + + + + + MZH + DHBA:12694 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001267 + EMAPA:17585 + spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer + uberon + UBERON:0034710 + spinal cord ventricular layer + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer + EHDAA2:0001267 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. + + uberon + cranial nerve fiber bundle + cranial nerve fiber tract + cranial nerve or tract + neuron projection bundle from brain + UBERON:0034713 + + cranial neuron projection bundle + + + + + Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. + ISBN:0471888893 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial nerve fiber bundle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial nerve fiber tract + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + cranial nerve or tract + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neuron projection bundle from brain + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. + EMAPA:37957 + FMA:5866 + MESH:D017776 + SCTID:276145003 + Wikipedia:Autonomic_nerve + nervus visceralis + visceral nerve + uberon + UBERON:0034728 + autonomic nerve + + + + + The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. + Wikipedia:Autonomic_nerve + + + + + EMAPA:37957 + MA:th + + + + + nervus visceralis + FMA:5866 + + + + + visceral nerve + FMA:5866 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37958 + SCTID:181098007 + uberon + UBERON:0034729 + + sympathetic nerve + + + + + EMAPA:37958 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + FMA:79770 + NCIT:C41168 + uberon + UBERON:0034769 + lymphomyeloid tissue + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. + FMA:84580 + gas in anatomical space + portion of gas in anatomical space + uberon + UBERON:0034873 + bodily gas + + + + + Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + portion of gas in anatomical space + FMA:84580 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. + FMA:84581 + respiratory air + respiratory system air + uberon + UBERON:0034874 + air in respiratory system + + + + + Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + respiratory air + FMA:84581 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. + prechordal mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0034878 + prechordal mesoderm + + + + + The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. + MGI:anna + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. + Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the trunk of pulmonary vein. + FMA:7286 + SCTID:190064008 + VHOG:0001226 + endocardium of left atrium + left atrial endocardium + uberon + left atrium endocardial tissue + UBERON:0034903 + left atrium endocardium + + + + + Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the trunk of pulmonary vein. + FMA:7286 + + + + + endocardium of left atrium + FMA:7286 + + + + + left atrium endocardial tissue + VHOG:0001226 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + lumen of gland + uberon + UBERON:0034905 + gland lumen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. + + + + CARO:0020001 + uberon + anatomical cluster + UBERON:0034921 + + multi organ part structure + + + + + + CARO + + + + + An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. + CARO:0020001 + + + + + anatomical cluster + CARO:0020001 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. + + + + CARO:0020002 + FMA:62807 + uberon + UBERON:0034922 + + cell cluster + + + + + + CARO + + + + + A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. + CARO:0020002 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. + + + + CARO:0020000 + FBbt:00007276 + uberon + UBERON:0034923 + + disconnected anatomical group + + + + + + CARO + + + + + Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. + CARO:0020000 + + + + + FBbt:00007276 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. + resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected + + + + uberon + UBERON:0034925 + + anatomical collection + + + + + A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. + uberon + UBERON:0034929 + external soft tissue zone + + + + + A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. + BTO:0001513 + biliary system epithelium + uberon + biliary epithelium + biliary tract epithelium + UBERON:0034932 + epithelium of biliary system + + + + + The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. + BTO:0001513 + MGI:cs + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + biliary system epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + biliary epithelium + BTO:0001513 + + + + + biliary tract epithelium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. + uberon + UBERON:0034933 + layer of smooth muscle tissue + + + + + Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + FMA:55268 + organ sector + organ zonal region + organ zone + uberon + organ region with floating fiat boundary + UBERON:0034944 + zone of organ + + + + + organ sector + FMA:55268 + + + + + organ zone + FMA:55268 + + + + + organ region with floating fiat boundary + FMA:55268 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any gaseous product of an excretory process. + uberon + UBERON:0034945 + excreted gas + + + + + Any gaseous product of an excretory process. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. + FMA:78440 + flatulence + flatus + intestinal gas + uberon + UBERON:0034946 + In mammals, mostly produced as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon, and excreted through the rectum + gas excreted from digestive tract + + + + + Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + flatulence + FMA:78440 + + + + + flatus + Wikipedia:Flatulence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. + respiratory gas + respiratory system gas + uberon + UBERON:0034947 + gas in respiratory system + + + + + Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NCIT:C25787 + UMLS:C1512086 + uberon + duct epithelium + ductal epithelium + UBERON:0034969 + epithelial layer of duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:32907 + EMAPA:35454 + uberon + UBERON:0034995 + jaw mesenchyme + + + + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:32904 + MA:0003220 + uberon + UBERON:0035037 + jaw epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SCTID:277967008 + hemorrhoidal artery + uberon + UBERON:0035039 + rectal artery + + + + + + + + + BTO:0006341 + uberon + UBERON:0035050 + excretory duct + + + + + BTO:0006341 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A post-anal tail that attaches outside the tail. + uberon + UBERON:0035091 + extrinsic post-anal tail muscle + + + + + A post-anal tail that attaches outside the tail. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. + Note that we treat any material entity that is ingested as an anatomical structure by defintion, although this may be expanding the CARO usage somewhat + digestive tract contents + uberon + ingested material entity + UBERON:0035118 + material entity in digestive tract + + + + + Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. + https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/110 + + + + + digestive tract contents + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. + FMA:61695 + NCIT:C29667 + SCTID:261060002 + UMLS:C0489451 + surface of body + uberon + UBERON:0035159 + entire surface of organism + + + + + Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. + FMA:61695 + + + + + surface of body + FMA:61695 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:70505 + NCIT:C32552 + SCTID:244216003 + UMLS:C0447038 + external carotid arterial subdivision + subdivision of external carotid artery + uberon + UBERON:0035398 + branch of external carotid artery + + + + + external carotid arterial subdivision + FMA:70505 + + + + + subdivision of external carotid artery + FMA:70505 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. + + FMA:4149 + NCIT:C32535 + SCTID:56548006 + UMLS:C0226294 + aortic esophageal artery + oesophageal artery + uberon + UBERON:0035539 + + esophageal artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Artery + + + + + aortic esophageal artery + FMA:4149 + + + + + oesophageal artery + FMA:4149 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:51797 + SCTID:149683007 + ciliary vein + uberon + UBERON:0035546 + uveal vein + + + + + ciliary vein + FMA:51797 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SCTID:77852007 + uberon + UBERON:0035548 + colic artery + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. + + FMA:225275 + superficial part of circulatory system + superficial vasculature + dermis vasculature + hypodermis vasculature + uberon + skin vasculature + subcutaneous vasculature + vasculature of skin + UBERON:0035549 + + vasculature of integument + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vasculature of skin + FMA:225275 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. + FMA:76719 + NCIT:C33666 + SCTID:341382008 + UMLS:C0226513 + Wikipedia:Superficial_vein + uberon + superfical vein + superficial veins + superficial vessels + UBERON:0035550 + superficial vein + + + + + Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Vein + + + + + superfical vein + Wikipedia:Superficial_vein + + + + + superficial veins + Wikipedia:Superficial_vein + + + + + superficial vessels + Wikipedia:Superficial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. + deep part of circulatory system + uberon + UBERON:0035551 + deep vasculature + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. + FMA:76718 + NCIT:C32444 + SCTID:341484008 + UMLS:C0226514 + Wikipedia:Deep_vein + uberon + deep veins + deep vessels + UBERON:0035552 + deep vein + + + + + A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. + ncithesaurus:Deep_Vein + + + + + deep veins + Wikipedia:Deep_vein + + + + + deep vessels + Wikipedia:Deep_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any chamber of the left side of the heart. + FMA:7166 + SCTID:362008007 + uberon + UBERON:0035553 + left cardiac chamber + + + + + Any chamber of the left side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any chamber of the right side of the heart. + FMA:7165 + SCTID:362007002 + uberon + UBERON:0035554 + right cardiac chamber + + + + + Any chamber of the right side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. + FMA:76554 + NCIT:C32574 + SCTID:120612006 + UMLS:C0229243 + Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures + adnexa oculi + uberon + accessory parts of orbital region + accessory visual structures + accessory visual structures set + adnexal parts of orbital region + appendage of eye + appendages of the eye + eye adnexa + set of accessory visual structures + structurae oculi accessoriae + UBERON:0035639 + ocular adnexa + + + + + The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. + HPO:pr + UBERON:cjm + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1132 + + + + + adnexa oculi + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa + + + + + + accessory visual structures + FMA:76554 + Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures + + + + + accessory visual structures set + FMA:76554 + + + + + appendage of eye + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa + + + + + appendages of the eye + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa + + + + + + set of accessory visual structures + FMA:76554 + + + + + structurae oculi accessoriae + Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004181 + FMA:9464 + cardiac chamber cavity + heart cavity + heart lumen + uberon + UBERON:0035763 + cavity of cardiac chamber + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + cardiac chamber cavity + FMA:9464 + + + + + heart cavity + FMA:9464 + + + + + heart lumen + EHDAA2:0004181 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The primordial mouth region of the developing head. + FMA:293105 + primitive mouth + primordial mouth + uberon + UBERON:0035804 + future mouth + + + + + The primordial mouth region of the developing head. + MP:0003119 + + + + + primitive mouth + FMA:293105 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. + FMA:15028 + muscularis externa of sigmoid colon + muscularis propria of sigmoid colon + sigmoid colon muscularis propria + uberon + sigmoideum muscularis + tunica muscularis colon sigmoideum + UBERON:0035805 + muscle layer of sigmoid colon + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1162 + + + + + muscularis externa of sigmoid colon + FMA:15028 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:12241 + SCTID:304404008 + uberon + UBERON:0035809 + serous cavity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. + SCTID:42267001 + ZFA:0005765 + uberon + UBERON:0035814 + pericardial fat + + + + + The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. + DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . + intrathoracic fat + uberon + UBERON:0035815 + paracardial fat + + + + + Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . + DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 + + + + + intrathoracic fat + DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. + uberon + UBERON:0035818 + visceral fat + + + + + Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. + FMA:12267 + Wikipedia:Abdominopelvic_cavity + cavitas abdominis et pelvis + uberon + UBERON:0035819 + abdominopelvic cavity + + + + + The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + cavitas abdominis et pelvis + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. + EMAPA:16137 + FMA:9908 + uberon + peritoneal component + UBERON:0035820 + peritoneal sac + + + + + A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 + + + + + peritoneal component + EMAPA:16137 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The domain of the diaphragm that is a thin domed sheet of muscle composed of a radial array of myofibers extending laterally from the ribs and medially to a central tendon. + FMA:58277 + SCTID:368048007 + costal part of diaphragm + pars costalis diaphragmatis + uberon + UBERON:0035831 + costal diaphragm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + + PMID:23586979 + + + + + The domain of the diaphragm that is a thin domed sheet of muscle composed of a radial array of myofibers extending laterally from the ribs and medially to a central tendon. + PMID:23586979 + + + + + costal part of diaphragm + FMA:58277 + + + + + pars costalis diaphragmatis + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0004378 + EMAPA:37987 + FMA:67473 + blood vessel wall + uberon + vascular wall + UBERON:0035965 + wall of blood vessel + + + + + EMAPA:37987 + MA:th + + + + + blood vessel wall + FMA:67473 + + + + + vascular wall + BTO:0004378 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004070 + uberon + UBERON:0036072 + respiratory primordium epithelium + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0004071 + respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme + uberon + UBERON:0036073 + respiratory primordium mesenchyme + + + + + + + + + + EHDAA2 + + + + + respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme + EHDAA2:0004071 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. + uberon + UBERON:0036146 + cardiopharyngeal field + + + + + An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. + http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7548/full/nature14435.html#bx1 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:83520 + uberon + UBERON:0036186 + fibroelastic connective tissue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. + NCIT:C54188 + SCTID:245429006 + uberon + rectosigmoid region + UBERON:0036214 + rectosigmoid junction + + + + + An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. + NCIT:C54188 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1319 + https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/pdf/abstracting/colon.pdf + + + + + rectosigmoid region + NCIT:C54188 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. + + + + AAO:0010270 + ZFA:0005594 + uberon + UBERON:0036215 + + anatomical surface region + + + + + Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1324 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. + he coelomic fluid serves several functions; it acts as a hydroskeleton, it allows free movement and growth of internal organs, it serves for transport of gases, nutrients and waste products between different parts of the body, it allows storage of sperm and eggs during maturation and it acts as a reservoir for waste [Wikipedia:Coelom#Coelomic_fluid] + BTO:0001708 + uberon + UBERON:0036217 + coelomic fluid + + + + + A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. + PMID:10874572 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1326 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. + uberon + UBERON:0036225 + respiratory system gland + + + + + Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0036242 + post-embryonic notochord + + + + + A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A transudate found in the serous sac. + serous fluid + FMA:20932 + serous sac fluid + uberon + UBERON:0036244 + secretion of serous membrane + + + + + A transudate found in the serous sac. + FMA:20932 + + + + + serous fluid + FMA:20932 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:53133 + cranial orifice + skull orifice + uberon + UBERON:0036253 + orifice of skull + + + + + cranial orifice + FMA:53133 + + + + + skull orifice + FMA:53133 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. + FMA:52972 + SCTID:280243001 + Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve + ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) + ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici + zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve + uberon + zygomaticotemporal + zygomaticotemporal branch + UBERON:0036264 + zygomaticotemporal nerve + + + + + The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. + Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve + + + + + ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) + FMA:52972 + + + + + ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici + FMA:TA + + + + + + zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve + FMA:52972 + + + + + zygomaticotemporal + Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve + + + + + zygomaticotemporal branch + Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SCTID:13152008 + uberon + UBERON:0036268 + pelvic vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. + FMA:9556 + left ventricular wall + uberon + UBERON:0036285 + wall of left ventricle + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. + FMA:9556 + + + + + left ventricular wall + FMA:9556 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. + FMA:9533 + right ventricular wall + uberon + UBERON:0036286 + wall of right ventricle + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. + FMA:9533 + + + + + right ventricular wall + FMA:9533 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:9560 + uberon + UBERON:0036288 + anterior wall of left ventricle + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. + FMA:9553 + uberon + UBERON:0036289 + anterior wall of right ventricle + + + + + Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. + FMA:9553 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:87177 + uberon + UBERON:0036290 + myocardium of anterior wall of left ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:260877 + uberon + UBERON:0036291 + myocardium of anterior wall of right ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. + NCIT:C12226 + labial mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0036294 + mucosa of lip + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + labial mucosa + UBERON:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:225251 + SCTID:297287005 + uberon + UBERON:0036301 + vasculature of spleen + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uberon + UBERON:0036302 + vasculature of central nervous system plus retina + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:259905 + uberon + UBERON:0036303 + vasculature of central nervous system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:14657 + gallbladder wall + uberon + UBERON:0036343 + wall of gallbladder + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + gallbladder wall + FMA:14657 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:15089 + brachiocephalic arterial wall + uberon + UBERON:0036351 + wall of brachiocephalic artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + brachiocephalic arterial wall + FMA:15089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:15090 + subclavian arterial wall + uberon + UBERON:0036352 + wall of subclavian artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + subclavian arterial wall + FMA:15090 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:15704 + anal canal wall + uberon + UBERON:0036362 + wall of anal canal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + anal canal wall + FMA:15704 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:18211 + pulmonary arterial wall + uberon + UBERON:0036422 + wall of pulmonary artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + pulmonary arterial wall + FMA:18211 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:231590 + uberon + UBERON:0036553 + wall of synovial tendon sheath + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:58098 + eyeball wall + uberon + UBERON:0036925 + wall of eyeball + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + eyeball wall + FMA:58098 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:63144 + orbit wall + uberon + UBERON:0037089 + wall of orbit + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + orbit wall + FMA:63144 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:66284 + common carotid arterial wall + uberon + UBERON:0037094 + wall of common carotid artery + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + common carotid arterial wall + FMA:66284 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. + FMA:7274 + cardiac wall + uberon + UBERON:0037144 + wall of heart + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. + FMA:7274 + + + + + cardiac wall + FMA:7274 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. + FMA:14835 + cholecystic artery + uberon + UBERON:0039222 + cystic artery + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_F_Blood_Vasculature.glb + https://ccf-ontology.hubmapconsortium.org/objects/v1.2/VH_M_Blood_Vasculature.glb + + + + + + + + + + FMA + Wikipedia + + + + + An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_artery + + + + + cholecystic artery + FMA:14835 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:15395 + uberon + UBERON:0039228 + sigmoid vein + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:70471 + uberon + UBERON:0039261 + pancreatic artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. + FMA:14342 + uberon + UBERON:0039856 + right ovarian vein + + + + + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. + FMA:14342 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. + FMA:14347 + uberon + UBERON:0039857 + left ovarian vein + + + + + + FMA + + + + + Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. + FMA:14347 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of the face. + + + + 2012-02-05T05:23:01Z + EMAPA:36657 + FMA:24758 + NCIT:C33561 + SCTID:361703006 + UMLS:C0222084 + face skin + uberon + facial skin + UBERON:1000021 + + + skin of face + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of the face. + UBERON:EJS + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/34 + + + + + UMLS:C0222084 + ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Face + + + + + face skin + EMAPA:36657 + FMA:24758 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. + FMA:16029 + splenic parenchyma + uberon + UBERON:1000024 + parenchyma of spleen + + + + + A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + splenic parenchyma + FMA:16029 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. + + 2021-02-05T11:19:31Z + uberon + UBERON:1100000 + digestive tract junction + + + + + An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 + + + + + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + ZFA:0001073 + uberon + UBERON:2001073 + axial vasculature + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/tao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + ZFA:0001457 + uberon + UBERON:2001457 + postcranial axial cartilage + + + + + Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/tao.owl + + + + + + + + + + Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. + the ZFA class from which this was derived is not explicitly classified as a capillary - need to verify for taxon histology differences + Blood vessel endothelium that has pores that allow passage small molecules and proteins[ZFA]. + fenestrated blood vessel endothelium + FMA:63196 + NCIT:C32595 + TAO:0005260 + UMLS:C1179615 + Wikipedia:Capillary#Types + ZFA:0005260 + fenestrated capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:2005260 + fenestrated capillary + + + + + + FMA + + + + + + ZFA + + + + + Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. + Wikipedia:Capillary#Types + Wikipedia:Fenestra_(histology) + + + + + fenestrated blood vessel endothelium + ZFA:0005260 + + + + + UMLS:C1179615 + ncithesaurus:Fenestrated_Capillary + + + + + fenestrated capillary vessel + FMA:63196 + + + + + + + + + Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + ZFA:0007013 + uberon + UBERON:2007013 + preplacodal ectoderm + + + + + Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. + ZFIN:curator + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/tao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + uberon + UBERON:3000961 + Not clear how this differs from parent class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 + external integument structure + + + + + Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. + AAO:EJS + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + uberon + UBERON:3000972 + head external integument structure + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. + AAO:EJS + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + uberon + UBERON:3000977 + body external integument structure + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. + AAO:EJS + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the tail integument. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + uberon + UBERON:3000982 + tail external integument structure + + + + + Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the tail integument. + AAO:EJS + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Blood vessels in respiratory skin. + Modified from the original AAO source + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + uberon + UBERON:3010200 + vasculature of respiratory integument + + + + + Blood vessels in respiratory skin. + AAO:EJS + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. + bone surface + uberon + UBERON:4200230 + surface of bone + + + + + An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. + PHENOSCAPE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FBbt:00000004 + uberon + UBERON:6000004 + panarthropod head + + + + + FBbt:00000004 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any head that is part of some larva. + FBbt:00001730 + uberon + UBERON:6001730 + insect larval head + + + + + Any head that is part of some larva. + FBC:auto_generated_definition + + + + + FBbt:00001730 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any sense organ that is part of some larva. + FBbt:00002639 + larval sense organ + uberon + UBERON:6002639 + insect larval sense organ + + + + + Any sense organ that is part of some larva. + FBC:auto_generated_definition + + + + + FBbt:00002639 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727). + FBbt:00007240 + larval sensillum + uberon + UBERON:6007240 + insect embryonic/larval sensillum + + + + + Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727). + FBC:auto_generated_definition + + + + + FBbt:00007240 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). + FBbt:00007242 + larval head sensillum + uberon + UBERON:6007242 + insect embryonic/larval head sensillum + + + + + Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). + FBC:auto_generated_definition + + + + + FBbt:00007242 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any sense organ (UBERON:6005155) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). + FBbt:00007280 + larval head sense organ + uberon + UBERON:6007280 + insect embryonic/larval head sense organ + + + + + Any sense organ (UBERON:6005155) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). + FBC:auto_generated_definition + + + + + FBbt:00007280 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Left part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. + + uberon + UBERON:8000006 + left side of back + + + + + Left part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. + https://microbiomedb.org/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Right part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. + + uberon + UBERON:8000007 + right side of back + + + + + Right part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. + https://microbiomedb.org/ + + + + + + + + + + + + A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles. + + Purkinje fibre network + uberon + UBERON:8000009 + Purkinje fiber network + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 + + + + + + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 + + + + + A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles. + PMID:26786210 + + + + + Purkinje fibre network + PMID:26786210 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. + + serosa of liver + tunica serosa hepatis + uberon + UBERON:8400021 + liver serosa + + + + + Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. + https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/serosa+of+liver + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-2730 + + + + + serosa of liver + FMA:15811 + + + + + tunica serosa hepatis + https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/serosa+of+liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. + + hepatic subserosa + subserosal tissue of liver + subserous layer of liver + tela subserosa (hepar) + tela subserosa hepatis + uberon + UBERON:8400023 + liver subserosa + + + + + Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. + FMA:15812 + https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subserosa+of+liver + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-2730 + + + + + tela subserosa (hepar) + FMA:15821 + + + + + tela subserosa hepatis + https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subserosa+of+liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Venule of villus of small intestine. + + venule of small intestine + uberon + UBERON:8410001 + + small intestine venule + + + + + Venule of villus of small intestine. + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Arteriole of villus of small intestine. + + arteriole of small intestine + arteriole of villus of small intestine + small intestine villus arteriole + uberon + UBERON:8410004 + + small intestine arteriole + + + + + Arteriole of villus of small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A venule that is located in the anorectum. + + anorectum venule + uberon + UBERON:8410008 + venule of anorectum + + + + + A venule that is located in the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. + + anorectum arteriole + uberon + UBERON:8410009 + arteriole of anorectum + + + + + An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arteriole located in the colon. + + uberon + UBERON:8410015 + arteriole of colon + + + + + An arteriole located in the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. + + junction of intestine + uberon + UBERON:8410024 + intestinal junction + + + + + An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A venule located in the colon. + + uberon + UBERON:8410048 + venule of colon + + + + + A venule located in the colon. + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. + The anatomy, pathology and medical community considers the anus to be part of the large intestine, and supports the use of 'anorectum' to include rectum, anal canal and anus. Although a few resources seem to only include the distal part of the rectum in 'anorectum', this UBERON grouping term is meant to refer more broadly to the whole of rectum. + + anorectal + + anorectal canal + uberon + UBERON:8410050 + anorectum + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. + DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-26938-2_8 + DOI:10.1148/rg.2015150037 + PMID:29742860 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-8770 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of the anorectum. + + blood vessel capillary of anorectum + uberon + UBERON:8410056 + capillary of anorectum + + + + + A capillary that is part of the anorectum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of the colon. + + blood vessel capillary of colon + uberon + UBERON:8410057 + capillary of colon + + + + + A capillary that is part of the colon. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of a small intestine. + + 2021-12-21T15:14:31Z + blood vessel capillary of small intestine + small intestine capillary + uberon + UBERON:8410068 + + capillary of small intestine + + + + + A capillary that is part of a small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. + + 2022-03-24T14:21:59Z + EFO:0010666 + respiratory tract submucosal gland + submucosal gland of respiratory tract + uberon + UBERON:8410077 + airway submucosal gland + + + + + A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. + microvascular + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + microvasculature + microvessel + uberon + UBERON:8410081 + blood microvessel + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2186 + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. + Wikipedia:Microcirculation + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). + uberon + UBERON:8440015 + noradrenergic cell groups + + + + + Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). + WikipediaVersioned:Noradrenergic_cell_groups&oldid=965992184 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-8718 + 2022-05-25T18:21:29Z + BTO:0006338 + uberon + UBERON:8450002 + + excretory system + + + + + An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. + GO:0007588 + + + + + BTO:0006338 + + + https://github.com/biopragmatics/biomappings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of the brain. + + 2022-06-24T09:28:31Z + uberon + UBERON:8480001 + capillary of brain + + + + + A capillary that is part of the brain. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. + + 2022-06-24T09:30:54Z + uberon + UBERON:8480002 + thoracic aorta smooth muscle tissue + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. + + 2022-08-29T14:17:12Z + uberon + UBERON:8480025 + skin of clavicle region + + + + + A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is above the iliac crest in the pelvic girdle bone/zone. + + 2022-08-29T14:19:16Z + skin of posterior iliac crest region + uberon + UBERON:8480026 + skin of iliac crest region + + + + + A zone of skin that is above the iliac crest in the pelvic girdle bone/zone. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia. + + 2022-08-30T06:55:06Z + uberon + UBERON:8480029 + skin of external genitalia + + + + + A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin part of some gonad. + + 2023-08-29T10:24:24Z + uberon + UBERON:8480074 + skin of gonad + + + + + A zone of skin part of some gonad. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). + + 2023-02-16T10:17:46Z + visceral muscle + uberon + UBERON:8600004 + It is quite common to refer to visceral muscles as smooth muscles, by analogy with vertebrates; however, most visceral muscles in arthropods are actually striated. + visceral muscle tissue + + + + + A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). + BTO:0002780 + CLAO:0001295 + + + + + visceral muscle + BTO:0002780 + + + + + It is quite common to refer to visceral muscles as smooth muscles, by analogy with vertebrates; however, most visceral muscles in arthropods are actually striated. + FBbt:00005070 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle + PMID:8720463 + + + + + + + + + + A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). + + 2023-02-16T10:34:43Z + striated visceral muscle tissue + uberon + UBERON:8600006 + visceral striated muscle tissue + + + + + A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). + PMID:8720463 + https://pressbooks.pub/rbtallitsch/chapter/chapter-6-muscle-tissue/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spherical or tubular structure in a submucosal gland that produces and secretes mucus and other substances into the ducts leading to the surface epithelium. + + + 2023-05-02T08:57:27Z + uberon + UBERON:8600012 + + submucosal gland acinus + + + + + A spherical or tubular structure in a submucosal gland that produces and secretes mucus and other substances into the ducts leading to the surface epithelium. + PMID:17394068 + PMID:17707699 + PMID:25648514 + PMID:30864819 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A discrete anatomical unit of the lung that is composed of a segmental bronchus and the lung tissue supplied by that bronchus. A bronchopulmonary segment exhibits a pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing towards the center of the lung and its base toward the pleural surface. + + + + 2023-07-20T12:43:29Z + lung segment + uberon + UBERON:8600017 + + A bronchopulmonary segment is surrounded by connective tissue septa, which are continuous with the pleural surface and prevent air collateralization between segments somewhat. In humans, the right lung has ten bronchopulmonary segments and eight or nine bronchopulmonary segments in the left lung. + bronchopulmonary segment + + + + + A discrete anatomical unit of the lung that is composed of a segmental bronchus and the lung tissue supplied by that bronchus. A bronchopulmonary segment exhibits a pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing towards the center of the lung and its base toward the pleural surface. + FMA:7312 + PMID:18271171 + PMID:33620799 + doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.09.022 + + + + + lung segment + PMID:33620799 + + + + + A bronchopulmonary segment is surrounded by connective tissue septa, which are continuous with the pleural surface and prevent air collateralization between segments somewhat. In humans, the right lung has ten bronchopulmonary segments and eight or nine bronchopulmonary segments in the left lung. + PMID:18271171 + doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.09.022 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A venule that is part of a lung and drains oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillaries. A pulmonary venule merges into a pulmonary vein branch that runs in the pulmonary interlobular septa. + + 2023-10-24T11:26:27Z + uberon + UBERON:8600024 + pulmonary venule + + + + + A venule that is part of a lung and drains oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillaries. A pulmonary venule merges into a pulmonary vein branch that runs in the pulmonary interlobular septa. + PMID:22283705 + PMID:30247823 + + + + + + + + + + + + + example to be eventually removed + example to be eventually removed + + + + + + + + failed exploratory term + The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job + Person:Alan Ruttenberg + failed exploratory term + + + + + + + + metadata complete + Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. + metadata complete + + + + + + + + organizational term + Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release + organizational term + + + + + + + + ready for release + Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." + ready for release + + + + + + + + metadata incomplete + Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. + metadata incomplete + + + + + + + + uncurated + Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. + uncurated + + + + + + + + pending final vetting + All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. + pending final vetting + + + + + + + + placeholder removed + placeholder removed + + + + + + + + terms merged + An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. + terms merged + + + + + + + + term imported + This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. + term imported + + + + + + + + term split + This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. + term split + + + + + + + + universal + Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. + Alan Ruttenberg + A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf + universal + + + + + + + + defined class + A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal + "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. + Alan Ruttenberg + defined class + + + + + + + + named class expression + A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. + named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions + Alan Ruttenberg + named class expression + + + + + + + + to be replaced with external ontology term + Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. + Alan Ruttenberg + group:OBI + to be replaced with external ontology term + + + + + + + + requires discussion + A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. + Alan Ruttenberg + group:OBI + requires discussion + + + + + + + + The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. + This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. + + https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + out of scope + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 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+ + + + - - + + - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FMA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - cjm - - - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ZFA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - AAO - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - teleosts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - Mammals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - conservatively place at deuterostome, excluding acoelomates - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - FMA - - - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + @@ -198636,13 +379739,13 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - + - + - + @@ -198657,18 +379760,27 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -198774,10 +379886,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - + + + @@ -198785,9 +379896,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - + + + + @@ -198817,10 +379929,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - + + + @@ -198828,9 +379939,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - + + + + @@ -198860,10 +379972,9 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - - + + + @@ -198871,9 +379982,10 @@ For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regul - - - + + + + @@ -199163,9 +380275,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199174,9 +380286,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199208,9 +380320,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199219,9 +380331,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199253,9 +380365,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199264,9 +380376,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199289,51 +380401,6 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction @@ -199518,9 +380585,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199529,9 +380596,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199563,9 +380630,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199574,9 +380641,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199608,9 +380675,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199619,9 +380686,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199653,9 +380720,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199664,9 +380731,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199698,9 +380765,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199709,9 +380776,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + - + @@ -199743,7 +380810,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199754,7 +380821,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199771,7 +380838,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199781,7 +380848,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199799,7 +380866,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199810,7 +380877,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199827,7 +380894,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199837,7 +380904,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199854,9 +380921,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199865,9 +380932,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199881,9 +380948,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -199898,7 +380965,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199909,7 +380976,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199937,12 +381004,100 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -199953,7 +381108,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199969,7 +381124,7 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + @@ -199987,8 +381142,8 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - + + @@ -199997,9 +381152,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -200013,9 +381168,9 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - - - + + + @@ -200026,5 +381181,5 @@ e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase - + diff --git a/src/ontology/imports/uo_import.owl b/src/ontology/imports/uo_import.owl index 35bff89..2ce1d84 100644 --- a/src/ontology/imports/uo_import.owl +++ b/src/ontology/imports/uo_import.owl @@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" - xmlns:oboInOwl="oboInOwl:"> + xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"> - - 2022-10-20 + + 2024-02-06 @@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ - + - + - + - + @@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ + time derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] time unit - time derived unit @@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ + temperature derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] temperature unit - temperature derived unit @@ -149,13 +149,12 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] - meter m metre + "A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] + meter @@ -174,11 +173,17 @@ - + + + + + + + + kg "A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kilogram - kg @@ -186,12 +191,11 @@ - + s "A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] second - s @@ -199,12 +203,11 @@ - + A "An electric current unit which is equal to the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10^[-7] newton per meter of length." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] ampere - A @@ -212,12 +215,11 @@ - + K "A thermodynamic temperature unit which is equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kelvin - K @@ -225,12 +227,11 @@ - + mol "A substance unit which is equal to the amount of substance of a molecular system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] mole - mol @@ -238,12 +239,11 @@ - + cd "A luminous intensity unit which equal to the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] candela - cd @@ -262,11 +262,17 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m." [NIST:NIST] - centimeter + + + + + + + centimetre cm + "A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m." [NIST:NIST] + centimeter @@ -285,11 +291,17 @@ - + + + + + + + + millimetre + mm "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST] millimeter - micrometre - mm @@ -308,12 +320,18 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m." [NIST:NIST] - micrometer + + + + + + + micrometre micron um + "A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m." [NIST:NIST] + micrometer @@ -332,11 +350,17 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m." [NIST:NIST] - nanometer + + + + + + + nanometre nm + "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m." [NIST:NIST] + nanometer @@ -344,11 +368,10 @@ - + Å "A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m." [NIST:NIST] angstrom - Å @@ -367,11 +390,17 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [NIST:NIST] - picometer + + + + + + + picometre pm + "A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [NIST:NIST] + picometer @@ -379,11 +408,10 @@ - + g "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg." [NIST:NIST] gram - g @@ -402,10 +430,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mg "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g." [UOC:GVG] milligram - mg @@ -424,10 +458,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + ug "A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g." [UOC:GVG] microgram - ug @@ -446,10 +486,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + ng "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g." [UOC:GVG] nanogram - ng @@ -468,10 +514,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g." [UOC:GVG] picogram - pg @@ -490,10 +542,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + fg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-15] g." [NIST:NIST] femtogram - fg @@ -501,11 +559,10 @@ - + C "A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K." [NIST:NIST] degree Celsius - C @@ -524,10 +581,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + ms "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of a second or 10^[-3] s." [NIST:NIST] millisecond - ms @@ -546,10 +609,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + us "A time unit which is equal to one millionth of a second or 10^[-6] s." [NIST:NIST] microsecond - us @@ -568,10 +637,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + ps "A time unit which is equal to 10^[-12] s." [NIST:NIST] picosecond - ps @@ -579,11 +654,10 @@ - + min "A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] minute - min @@ -591,11 +665,10 @@ - + h "A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hour - h @@ -603,7 +676,6 @@ - "A time unit which is equal to 24 hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] day @@ -614,7 +686,6 @@ - "A time unit which is equal to 7 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] week @@ -625,7 +696,6 @@ - "A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] month @@ -636,7 +706,6 @@ - "A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] year @@ -658,10 +727,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one thousandth of an ampere or 10^[-3] A." [UOC:GVG] milliampere - mA @@ -680,10 +755,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one millionth of an ampere or 10^[-6] A." [UOC:GVG] microampere - uA @@ -702,10 +783,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + umol "A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol." [NIST:NIST] micromole - umol @@ -724,10 +811,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mmol "A substance unit equal to a thousandth of a mol or 10^[-3] mol." [NIST:NIST] millimole - mmol @@ -746,10 +839,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nmol "A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol." [NIST:NIST] nanomole - nmol @@ -768,10 +867,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol." [NIST:NIST] picomole - pmol @@ -790,10 +895,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + fmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-15] mol." [NIST:NIST] femtomole - fmol @@ -812,10 +923,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + amol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-18] mol." [NIST:NIST] attomole - amol @@ -892,9 +1009,9 @@ + mass per unit volume "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] mass density unit - mass per unit volume @@ -913,9 +1030,9 @@ + mass per unit area unit "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] area density unit - mass per unit area unit @@ -993,11 +1110,10 @@ - + M "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L)." [UOC:GVG] molar - M @@ -1016,10 +1132,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M." [UOC:GVG] millimolar - mM @@ -1038,10 +1160,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M." [UOC:GVG] micromolar - uM @@ -1060,10 +1188,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M." [UOC:GVG] nanomolar - nM @@ -1082,10 +1216,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M." [UOC:GVG] picomolar - pM @@ -1103,11 +1243,10 @@ - + m "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of a solution of 1 mole per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg)." [UOC:GVG] molal - m @@ -1126,10 +1265,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of a molal or 10^[-3] m." [UOC:GVG] millimolal - mm @@ -1148,10 +1293,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + um "A molality unit which is equal to one millionth of a molal or 10^[-6] m." [UOC:GVG] micromolal - um @@ -1170,10 +1321,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molal or 10^[-9] m." [UOC:GVG] nanomolal - nm @@ -1192,10 +1349,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pm "A molality unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [UOC:GVG] picomolal - pm @@ -1214,10 +1377,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + fM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-15] M." [UOC:GVG] femtomolar - fM @@ -1235,11 +1404,10 @@ - + N "A unit of concentration which is one gram equivalent of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] normal - N @@ -1247,13 +1415,11 @@ - - - "A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - mole fraction (x) chi + "A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + mole fraction @@ -1261,12 +1427,11 @@ - - "An acceleration unit which is equal to the acceleration an object changing its velocity by 1meter/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] - meter per second per second m/s^[2] metre per second per second + "An acceleration unit which is equal to the acceleration an object changing its velocity by 1meter/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] + meter per second per second @@ -1274,12 +1439,11 @@ - - "An angular unit acceleration which is equal to the angular acceleration of an object changing its angular velocity by 1rad/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] - radian per second per second alpha rad/s^[2] + "An angular unit acceleration which is equal to the angular acceleration of an object changing its angular velocity by 1rad/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] + radian per second per second @@ -1287,11 +1451,10 @@ - + rad/s "An angular unit velocity which is equal to about 9.54930 rpm (revolutions per minute)." [NIST:NIST] radian per second - rad/s @@ -1299,12 +1462,11 @@ - - "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST] - square meter m^[2] square metre + "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST] + square meter @@ -1312,12 +1474,11 @@ - - "An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] - square centimeter cm^[2] square centimetre + "An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] + square centimeter @@ -1325,12 +1486,11 @@ - - "An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] - square millimeter mm^[2] square millimetre + "An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] + square millimeter @@ -1339,10 +1499,10 @@ - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters." [UOC:GVG] - kilogram per cubic meter kg/m^[3] kilogram per cubic metre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters." [UOC:GVG] + kilogram per cubic meter @@ -1350,12 +1510,11 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in cubic centimeters." [UOC:GVG] - gram per cubic centimeter g/cm^[3] gram per cubic centimetre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in cubic centimeters." [UOC:GVG] + gram per cubic centimeter @@ -1363,12 +1522,11 @@ - - "A luminance unit which is equal to a luminous intensity of one candela radiating from a surface whose area is one square meter." [NIST:NIST] - candela per square meter candela per square metre cd/m^[2] + "A luminance unit which is equal to a luminous intensity of one candela radiating from a surface whose area is one square meter." [NIST:NIST] + candela per square meter @@ -1387,12 +1545,17 @@ - - "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] - kilogram per square meter - Body Mass Index (BMI) + + + + + + + kg/m^[2] kilogram per square metre + "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] + kilogram per square meter @@ -1411,10 +1574,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + kg/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one kilogram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per mole - kg/mol @@ -1422,11 +1591,10 @@ - + g/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one gram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] gram per mole - g/mol @@ -1434,12 +1602,11 @@ - - "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic meter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] - cubic meter per mole cubic metre per mole m^[3]/mol + "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic meter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] + cubic meter per mole @@ -1447,12 +1614,11 @@ - - "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic centimeter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] - cubic centimeter per mole cm^[3]/mol cubic centimetre per mole + "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic centimeter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] + cubic centimeter per mole @@ -1461,10 +1627,10 @@ - "A momentum unit which is equal to the momentum of a one kilogram mass object with a speed of one meter per second." [NIST:NIST] - kilogram meter per second kg.m/s kilogram metre per second + "A momentum unit which is equal to the momentum of a one kilogram mass object with a speed of one meter per second." [NIST:NIST] + kilogram meter per second @@ -1472,12 +1638,11 @@ - - "A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second." [NIST:NIST] - turns per second 1/s one turn per second + "A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second." [NIST:NIST] + turns per second @@ -1485,12 +1650,11 @@ - - "A specific volume unit which is equal to one cubic meter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] - cubic meter per kilogram cubic metre per kilogram m^[3]/kg + "A specific volume unit which is equal to one cubic meter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] + cubic meter per kilogram @@ -1498,12 +1662,11 @@ - - "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second." [NIST:NIST] - meter per second m/s metre per second + "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second." [NIST:NIST] + meter per second @@ -1521,12 +1684,11 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters." [NIST:NIST] - cubic meter cubic metre m^[3] + "A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters." [NIST:NIST] + cubic meter @@ -1534,13 +1696,12 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml." [NIST:NIST] - cubic centimeter cc cm^3 cubic centimetre + "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml." [NIST:NIST] + cubic centimeter @@ -1559,11 +1720,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter." [NIST:NIST] - milliliter + + + + + + + millilitre ml + "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter." [NIST:NIST] + milliliter @@ -1571,13 +1738,12 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter." [NIST:NIST] - liter L l litre + "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter." [NIST:NIST] + liter @@ -1585,12 +1751,11 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L." [NIST:NIST] - cubic decimeter cubic decimetre dm^[3] + "A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L." [NIST:NIST] + cubic decimeter @@ -1609,11 +1774,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L." [NIST:NIST] - microliter + + + + + + + microlitre ul + "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L." [NIST:NIST] + microliter @@ -1632,11 +1803,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L." [NIST:NIST] - nanoliter + + + + + + + nanolitre nl + "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L." [NIST:NIST] + nanoliter @@ -1655,11 +1832,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L." [NIST:NIST] - picoliter + + + + + + + picolitre pl + "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L." [NIST:NIST] + picoliter @@ -1678,11 +1861,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-15] L." [NIST:NIST] - femtoliter + + + + + + + femtolitre fl + "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-15] L." [NIST:NIST] + femtoliter @@ -1700,12 +1889,11 @@ - - "A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second." [NIST:NIST] - hertz Hz s^1 + "A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second." [NIST:NIST] + hertz @@ -1723,11 +1911,10 @@ - + N "A force unit which is equal to the force required to cause an acceleration of 1m/s2 of a mass of 1 Kg in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] newton - N @@ -1745,11 +1932,10 @@ - + Pa "A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] pascal - Pa @@ -1767,11 +1953,10 @@ - + J "An energy unit which is equal to the energy required when a force of 1 newton moves an object 1 meter in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] joule - J @@ -1789,11 +1974,10 @@ - + W "A power unit which is equal to the power used when work is done at the rate of 1 joule per second." [NIST:NIST] watt - W @@ -1811,11 +1995,10 @@ - + lx "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] lux - lx @@ -1833,11 +2016,10 @@ - + lm "A luminous flux unit which is equal to the luminous flux emitted into 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela." [NIST:NIST] lumen - lm @@ -1855,11 +2037,10 @@ - + kat "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the activity of a catalyst in moles per second, such as the amount of an enzyme needed to transform one mole of substrate per second." [NIST:NIST] katal - kat @@ -1887,11 +2068,10 @@ - + rad "A plane angle unit which is equal to the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, approximately 57 degrees 17 minutes and 44.6 seconds." [NIST:NIST] radian - rad @@ -1909,11 +2089,10 @@ - + sr "A solid angle unit which is equal to the solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on the surface of the sphere that is equal to the radius squared." [NIST:NIST] steradian - sr @@ -1971,11 +2150,10 @@ - + Bq "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second (dps)." [NIST:NIST] becquerel - Bq @@ -1983,11 +2161,10 @@ - + Ci "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which there are 3.7 x 10^[10] atom disintegration per second (dps)." [ORCBS:ORCBS] curie - Ci @@ -1995,11 +2172,10 @@ - + Gy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] gray - Gy @@ -2007,7 +2183,6 @@ - "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rad @@ -2018,11 +2193,10 @@ - + R "An exposure unit which is equal to the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1 cm^[3] of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.0810^[9] ion pairs." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] roentgen - R @@ -2030,11 +2204,10 @@ - + Sv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] sievert - Sv @@ -2053,10 +2226,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a sievert or 10^[-3] Sv." [NIST:NIST] millisievert - mSv @@ -2075,10 +2254,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one millionth of a sievert or 10^[-6] Sv." [NIST:NIST] microsievert - uSv @@ -2086,11 +2271,10 @@ - + rem "A dose equivalent unit which when multiplied by hundred is equal to one sievert or 1 Sv. 1 Sv is equal to 100 rem." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] Roentgen equivalent man - rem @@ -2109,10 +2293,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one millionth of a gray or 10^[-6] Gy." [NIST:NIST] microgray - uGy @@ -2131,10 +2321,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gray or 10^[-3] Gy." [NIST:NIST] milligray - mGy @@ -2153,10 +2349,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a gray or 10^[-9] Gy." [NIST:NIST] nanogray - nGy @@ -2175,10 +2377,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a sievert or 10^[-9] Sv." [NIST:NIST] nanosievert - nSv @@ -2197,10 +2405,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one thousandth of a curie or 10^[-3] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] millicurie - mCi @@ -2219,10 +2433,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one millionth of a curie or 10^[-6] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] microcurie - uCi @@ -2230,11 +2450,10 @@ - + dpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per minute or there is one atom disintegration per minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per minute - dpm @@ -2242,11 +2461,10 @@ - + cpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the number of light emissions produced by ionizing radiation in one minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] counts per minute - cpm @@ -2265,10 +2483,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + ns "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a second or 10^[-9] s." [NIST:NIST] nanosecond - ns @@ -2276,7 +2500,6 @@ - "A time unit which is equal to 100 years." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] century @@ -2287,7 +2510,6 @@ - "A time unit which represents the period over which the activity or concentration of a specified chemical or element falls to half its original activity or concentration." [MGED:MGED] half life @@ -2298,11 +2520,10 @@ - + ft-c "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 foot^[2]. One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] foot candle - ft-c @@ -2320,12 +2541,11 @@ - - "An irradiance unit which is equal to 1 watt of radiant power incident per one square meter surface area." [NIST:NIST] - watt per square meter W/m^[2] watt per square metre + "An irradiance unit which is equal to 1 watt of radiant power incident per one square meter surface area." [NIST:NIST] + watt per square meter @@ -2333,13 +2553,12 @@ - - "An irradiance unit which is equal to one einstein per square meter per second. One einstein is one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - einstein per square meter per second einstein per square metre per second einstein/sm^[2] mole per second and square meter mol/sm^2 + "An irradiance unit which is equal to one einstein per square meter per second. One einstein is one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + einstein per square meter per second @@ -2357,12 +2576,11 @@ - - "A radiance unit which is equal to one watt of radiant power incident per steradian solid angle per one square meter projected area of the source, as viewed from the given direction." [NIST:NIST] - watt per steradian per square meter W/sr m^[2] watt per steradian per square metre + "A radiance unit which is equal to one watt of radiant power incident per steradian solid angle per one square meter projected area of the source, as viewed from the given direction." [NIST:NIST] + watt per steradian per square meter @@ -2391,12 +2609,18 @@ - - "An irradiance unit which is equal to one microeinstein per square meter per second or 10^[-6] microeinstein/sm^[2]." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - microeinstein per square meter per second + + + + + + + microeinstein per square metre per second micromole per second and square meter mmol/sm^2 umicroeinstein/sm^[2] + "An irradiance unit which is equal to one microeinstein per square meter per second or 10^[-6] microeinstein/sm^[2]." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + microeinstein per square meter per second @@ -2414,11 +2638,10 @@ - + W/sr "A radiant intensity unit which is equal to one kilogram meter squared per second cubed per steradian." [NIST:NIST] watt per steradian - W/sr @@ -2426,13 +2649,11 @@ - - - "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - mass percentage w/w weight-weight percentage + "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + mass percentage @@ -2440,13 +2661,11 @@ - - - "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG] - mass volume percentage (w/v) weight-volume percentage + "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG] + mass volume percentage @@ -2454,12 +2673,10 @@ - - + % (v/v) "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution." [UOC:GVG] volume percentage - % (v/v) @@ -2477,12 +2694,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 100 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] - parts per hundred 10^[-2] pph + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 100 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] + parts per hundred @@ -2490,12 +2706,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] - parts per thousand 10^[-3] ppth + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] + parts per thousand @@ -2503,12 +2718,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]." [UOC:GVG] - parts per million 10^[-6] ppm + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]." [UOC:GVG] + parts per million @@ -2516,12 +2730,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[9]." [UOC:GVG] - parts per billion 10^[-9] ppb + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[9]." [UOC:GVG] + parts per billion @@ -2529,12 +2742,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[12]." [UOC:GVG] - parts per trillion 10^[-12] ppt + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[12]." [UOC:GVG] + parts per trillion @@ -2542,12 +2754,11 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[15]." [UOC:GVG] - parts per quadrillion 10^[-15] ppq + "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[15]." [UOC:GVG] + parts per quadrillion @@ -2555,12 +2766,11 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in milliliter." [UOC:GVG] - gram per milliliter g/ml gram per millilitre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in milliliter." [UOC:GVG] + gram per milliliter @@ -2579,11 +2789,17 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] - kilogram per liter + + + + + + + kg/L kilogram per litre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] + kilogram per liter @@ -2591,12 +2807,11 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] - gram per liter g/L gram per litre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] + gram per liter @@ -2615,11 +2830,17 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] - milligram per milliliter + + + + + + + mg/ml milligram per millilitre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] + milligram per milliliter @@ -2637,12 +2858,11 @@ - - "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [Webmd:Webmd] - unit per milliliter U/ml unit per millilitre + "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [Webmd:Webmd] + unit per milliliter @@ -2650,12 +2870,11 @@ - - "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one liter." [UOC:GVG] - unit per liter U/l unit per litre + "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one liter." [UOC:GVG] + unit per liter @@ -2663,7 +2882,6 @@ - "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume (density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass per unit volume @@ -2674,11 +2892,10 @@ - + U "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micro mole of substrate per minute." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] enzyme unit - U @@ -2707,10 +2924,10 @@ - "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter." [NIST:NIST] - kilogram per meter kg/m kilogram per metre + "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter." [NIST:NIST] + kilogram per meter @@ -2718,7 +2935,6 @@ - "A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree @@ -2740,9 +2956,9 @@ + % "A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] percent - % @@ -2750,7 +2966,6 @@ - "A dimensionless unit which denoted an irrational real number, approximately equal to 3.14159 which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter in Euclidean geometry." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pi @@ -2762,9 +2977,9 @@ + count "A dimensionless unit which denotes a simple count of things." [MGED:MGED] count unit - count @@ -2774,7 +2989,7 @@ "A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - ratio + ratio unit @@ -2792,7 +3007,6 @@ - "A dimensionless count unit which denotes the number of molecules." [MGED:MGED] molecule count @@ -2803,7 +3017,6 @@ - "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the homogeneity of a biomaterial." [MGED:MGED] purity percentage @@ -2814,7 +3027,6 @@ - "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the density of an attached or monolayer culture (e.g., cell culture)." [MGED:MGED] confluence percentage @@ -2825,11 +3037,10 @@ - + F "A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree Fahrenheit - F @@ -2837,8 +3048,6 @@ - - "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pH @@ -2849,12 +3058,11 @@ - - "A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] - liter per kilogram l/kg litre per kilogram + "A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] + liter per kilogram @@ -2873,11 +3081,17 @@ - - "A specific volume unit which is equal to a thousandth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-3] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] - milliliter per kilogram + + + + + + + millilitre per kilogram ml/kg + "A specific volume unit which is equal to a thousandth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-3] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] + milliliter per kilogram @@ -2896,11 +3110,17 @@ - - "A specific volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-6] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] - microliter per kilogram + + + + + + + microlitre per kilogram ul/kg + "A specific volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-6] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] + microliter per kilogram @@ -2918,12 +3138,11 @@ - - "A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] - cells per milliliter cells per millilitre cells per ml + "A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] + cells per milliliter @@ -2941,12 +3160,11 @@ - - "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] - katal per cubic meter kat/m^[3] katal per cubic metre + "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] + katal per cubic meter @@ -2954,12 +3172,11 @@ - - "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] - katal per liter kat/l katal per litre + "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] + katal per liter @@ -2978,10 +3195,10 @@ - "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one cubic meter of solution." [NIST:NIST] - milliliter per cubic meter millilitre per cubic metre ml/m^[3] + "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one cubic meter of solution." [NIST:NIST] + milliliter per cubic meter @@ -2990,10 +3207,10 @@ - "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution." [NIST:NIST] - milliliter per liter millilitre per litre ml/l + "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution." [NIST:NIST] + milliliter per liter @@ -3001,12 +3218,11 @@ - - "A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOC:GVG] - gram per deciliter g/dl gram per decilitre + "A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOC:GVG] + gram per deciliter @@ -3025,11 +3241,17 @@ - - "A volume unit which is equal to one tenth of a liter or 10^[-1] L." [NIST:NIST] - deciliter + + + + + + + decilitre dl + "A volume unit which is equal to one tenth of a liter or 10^[-1] L." [NIST:NIST] + deciliter @@ -3037,11 +3259,10 @@ - + cfu "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit - cfu @@ -3049,11 +3270,10 @@ - - "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of plague forming units in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - plaque forming unit pfu + "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + plaque forming unit @@ -3071,12 +3291,11 @@ - - "A colony forming unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in one milliliter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - colony forming unit per milliliter cfu/ml colony forming unit per millilitre + "A colony forming unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in one milliliter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + colony forming unit per milliliter @@ -3085,7 +3304,7 @@ - "A concentration unit which a measure of plague forming units in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] + "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] plaque forming unit per volume @@ -3094,12 +3313,11 @@ - - "A concentration unit which a measure of plague forming units in one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] - plaque forming unit per milliliter pfu/ml plaque forming unit per millilitre + "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] + plaque forming unit per milliliter @@ -3107,11 +3325,10 @@ - + dps "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per second - dps @@ -3129,11 +3346,10 @@ - + V "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] volt - V @@ -3151,11 +3367,10 @@ - + C "An electrical charge unit which is equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second." [WordNet:WordNet] coulomb - C @@ -3163,14 +3378,13 @@ - - "An independently to the base SI units defined mass unit which is equal to one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - dalton Da amu u unified atomic mass unit + "An independently to the base SI units defined mass unit which is equal to one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + dalton @@ -3189,10 +3403,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + kDa "A mass unit which is equal to one thousand daltons." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilodalton - kDa @@ -3200,11 +3420,10 @@ - + Wh "An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] watt-hour - Wh @@ -3223,7 +3442,13 @@ - + + + + + + + "An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilowatt-hour @@ -3243,13 +3468,12 @@ - - "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to the amount of flux that when linked with a single turn of wire for an interval of one second will induce an electromotive force of one volt." [ScienceLobby:ScienceLobby] - weber V s Wb volt-second + "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to the amount of flux that when linked with a single turn of wire for an interval of one second will induce an electromotive force of one volt." [ScienceLobby:ScienceLobby] + weber @@ -3258,9 +3482,9 @@ + B "A unit which is a standard measure of the strength of a magnetic field." [allnet:allnet] magnetic flux density unit - B @@ -3268,12 +3492,11 @@ - - "A magnetic flux density unit which is equal to one weber per square meter." [WordNet:WordNet] - tesla T Wb/m2 + "A magnetic flux density unit which is equal to one weber per square meter." [WordNet:WordNet] + tesla @@ -3281,11 +3504,10 @@ - + Vh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to 3600 Wb." [UOC:GVG] volt-hour - Vh @@ -3304,10 +3526,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + kVh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to one thousand volt-hours." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt-hour - kVh @@ -3325,7 +3553,6 @@ - "An information unit which refers to a digit in the binary numeral system, which consists of base 2 digits (ie there are only 2 possible values: 0 or 1)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] bit @@ -3336,11 +3563,10 @@ - + B "An information unit which is equal to 8 bits." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] byte - B @@ -3359,10 +3585,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + kB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 bytes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilobyte - kB @@ -3381,10 +3613,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + MB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 kB." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] megabyte - MB @@ -3402,7 +3640,6 @@ - "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of spatial detail in an image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] chroma sampling unit @@ -3413,7 +3650,6 @@ - "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of contrast available in a pixel." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dynamic range unit @@ -3434,11 +3670,10 @@ - + dpi "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dots per inch - dpi @@ -3447,9 +3682,9 @@ + micrometer pixel "A spatial resolution unit which is equal to a pixel size of one micrometer." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] micron pixel - micrometer pixel @@ -3457,12 +3692,11 @@ - - "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - pixels per inch pixel density ppi + "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + pixels per inch @@ -3470,11 +3704,10 @@ - + pixels per millimetre "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the number of pixels in one millimeter length or width of a digital image divided by the physical length or width of a printed image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pixels per millimeter - pixels per millimetre @@ -3482,12 +3715,11 @@ - - "A count unit which contains one nucleotide." [UO:GVG] - base pair basepair bp + "A count unit which contains one nucleotide." [UO:GVG] + base pair @@ -3495,11 +3727,10 @@ - + KiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 B." [NIST:NIST] kibibyte - KiB @@ -3507,11 +3738,10 @@ - + MiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 KiB." [NIST:NIST] mebibyte - MiB @@ -3530,10 +3760,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousandth of a volt or 10^[-3] V." [UOC:GVG] millivolt - mV @@ -3552,10 +3788,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + kV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousand volts or 10^[3] V." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt - kV @@ -3574,10 +3816,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + uV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one millionth of a volt or 10^[-6] V." [UOC:GVG] microvolt - uV @@ -3596,10 +3844,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + nV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one billionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] nanovolt - nV @@ -3618,10 +3872,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one trillionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] picovolt - pV @@ -3640,10 +3900,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + MV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megavolt - MV @@ -3661,12 +3927,11 @@ - - "A surface tension unit which is equal to one newton per meter." [NIST:NIST] - newton per meter N/m newton per metre + "A surface tension unit which is equal to one newton per meter." [NIST:NIST] + newton per meter @@ -3674,11 +3939,10 @@ - + dyn/cm "A surface tension unit which is equal to one dyne per centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dyne per cm - dyn/cm @@ -3696,11 +3960,10 @@ - + Pa s "A viscosity unit which is equal to one pascale per second." [NIST:NIST] pascal second - Pa s @@ -3708,12 +3971,11 @@ - - "A viscosity unit which is equal to one dyne second per square centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - poise P dyne s/cm^2 + "A viscosity unit which is equal to one dyne second per square centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + poise @@ -3722,9 +3984,9 @@ + dB "A ratio unit which is an indicator of sound power per unit area." [techtarget:techtarget] decibel - dB @@ -3732,7 +3994,6 @@ - "A unit which is a standard measure of the estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] effective dose unit @@ -3773,13 +4034,12 @@ - - "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to A/V." [NIST:NIST] - siemens A V^-1 mho S + "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to A/V." [NIST:NIST] + siemens @@ -3787,12 +4047,11 @@ - - "An heat conduction unit which is equal to one watt divided by meter kelvin." [NIST:NIST] - watt per meter kelvin W/m K watt per metre kelvin + "An heat conduction unit which is equal to one watt divided by meter kelvin." [NIST:NIST] + watt per meter kelvin @@ -3800,12 +4059,11 @@ - - "A non-SI unit of energy (eV) defined as the energy acquired by a single unbound electron when it passes through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. An electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 53(14) x 10^-19 J." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - electronvolt eV electron volt + "A non-SI unit of energy (eV) defined as the energy acquired by a single unbound electron when it passes through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. An electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 53(14) x 10^-19 J." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + electronvolt @@ -3814,9 +4072,9 @@ + E-field strength "The electric field strength is a unit which is a measure of the potential difference between two points some distance apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] electric field strength unit - E-field strength @@ -3824,12 +4082,11 @@ - - "The volt per meter is a unit of electric field strength equal to the a potential difference of 1 volt existing between two points that are 1 meter apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] - volt per meter V/m volt per metre + "The volt per meter is a unit of electric field strength equal to the a potential difference of 1 volt existing between two points that are 1 meter apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] + volt per meter @@ -3837,11 +4094,10 @@ - + AU "A dimensionless logarithmic unit assigned to a measure of absorbance of light through a partially absorbing substance, defined as -log10(I/I_0) where I = transmitted light and I_0 = incident light." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbance] absorbance unit - AU @@ -3860,10 +4116,10 @@ - "A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute." [UOC:GVG] - microliters per minute microlitres per minute uL/min + "A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute." [UOC:GVG] + microliters per minute @@ -3872,10 +4128,10 @@ - "A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth." [url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg] - millimetres of mercury millimeters of mercury mmHg + "A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth." [url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg] + millimetres of mercury @@ -3894,11 +4150,17 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] - milligram per liter + + + + + + + mg/L milligram per litre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] + milligram per liter @@ -3917,11 +4179,19 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in millliters." [UOC:GVG] - microgram per milliliter + + + + + + + + mcg/mL + µg/mL microgram per millilitre ug/ml + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in millliters." [UOC:GVG] + microgram per milliliter @@ -3940,11 +4210,17 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] - nanogram per milliliter + + + + + + + nanogram per millilitre ng/ml + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] + nanogram per milliliter @@ -3953,10 +4229,10 @@ - "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one thousandth of a unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] - milliunits per milliliter mU/ml milliunits per millilitre + "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one thousandth of a unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] + milliunits per milliliter @@ -3974,11 +4250,10 @@ - + nM^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second." [UOC:GVG] count per nanomolar second - nM^-1 s^-1 @@ -3986,11 +4261,10 @@ - + M^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second." [UOC:GVG] count per molar second - M^-1 s^-1 @@ -4008,12 +4282,11 @@ - - "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar." [UO:GVG] - count per nanomolar 1/nM nM^-1 + "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar." [UO:GVG] + count per nanomolar @@ -4021,12 +4294,11 @@ - - "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar." [UO:GVG] - count per molar 1/M M^-1 + "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar." [UO:GVG] + count per molar @@ -4035,10 +4307,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten to the power of 9." [UO:GVG] - giga 10^[9] G + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten to the power of 9." [UO:GVG] + giga @@ -4047,10 +4319,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of million." [UO:GVG] - mega 10^[6] M + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of million." [UO:GVG] + mega @@ -4059,10 +4331,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] - kilo 10^[3] k + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] + kilo @@ -4071,10 +4343,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth." [UO:GVG] - deci 10^[-1] d + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth." [UO:GVG] + deci @@ -4083,10 +4355,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] - milli 10^[-3] m + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] + milli @@ -4095,10 +4367,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred." [UO:GVG] - centi 10^[-2] c + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred." [UO:GVG] + centi @@ -4107,9 +4379,9 @@ + 10^[-6] "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -6." [UO:GVG] micro - 10^[-6] @@ -4118,10 +4390,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -9." [UO:GVG] - nano 10^[-9] n + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -9." [UO:GVG] + nano @@ -4140,11 +4412,17 @@ - - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] - microgram per liter + + + + + + + microgram per litre ug/L + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] + microgram per liter @@ -4153,10 +4431,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -12." [GVG:UO] - pico 10^[-12] n + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -12." [GVG:UO] + pico @@ -4165,10 +4443,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -15." [UO:GVG] - femto 10^[-15] f + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -15." [UO:GVG] + femto @@ -4177,10 +4455,10 @@ - "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -18." [UO:GVG] - atto a 10^[-18] + "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -18." [UO:GVG] + atto @@ -4220,6 +4498,13 @@ + + + + + + + "A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per square meter of surface area of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per square meter @@ -4229,7 +4514,6 @@ - "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered over time to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC] dosage unit @@ -4240,7 +4524,6 @@ - "A derived unit which is a measure of relative light intensity, as typically measured by a luminometer, spectrophotometer, or fluorimeter in biological research applications." [UO:PC] relative light unit @@ -4272,9 +4555,10 @@ + mH + megahertz "A frequency unit which is equal to one million hertz or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megaHertz - mH @@ -4283,9 +4567,9 @@ + cM "A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic mapping, distances between markers are determined by measuring the rate of meoitic recombination between them, which increases proportionately with the distance separating them. A cM is defined as the length of an interval in which there is a 1% probability of recombination. On the average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of recombination." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiMorgan - cM @@ -4294,9 +4578,9 @@ + cR "A unit of genetic map distance defined corresponding to an interval in which there is a 1% probability of X-irradiation induced breakage. To be completely specified, the unit must be qualified by the radiation in dosage in rads (e.g. cR8000), because this determines the actual breakage probability." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiRay - cR @@ -4315,10 +4599,16 @@ - "A unit equal to one million base pairs" [UOC:GVG] - mega base pair + + + + + + Mb megabasepair + "A unit equal to one million base pairs" [UOC:GVG] + mega base pair @@ -4337,10 +4627,16 @@ - "A unit equal to one billion base pairs." [UOC:GVG] - giga base pair + + + + + + Gb gigabasepair + "A unit equal to one billion base pairs." [UOC:GVG] + giga base pair @@ -4348,11 +4644,10 @@ - + square micrometre "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 micrometer long." [NIST:NIST] square micrometer - square micrometre @@ -4371,10 +4666,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mS "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to one thousandth of a siemen or 10^[-3] siemens." [NIST:NIST] millisiemens - mS @@ -4403,9 +4704,9 @@ + mm/day "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 millimeter distance in one day." [UOB:LKSR] millimeters per day - mm/day @@ -4414,10 +4715,10 @@ - "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 kilometer distance in one hour." [NIST:NIST] - kilometer per hour kilometre per hour km/h + "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 kilometer distance in one hour." [NIST:NIST] + kilometer per hour @@ -4426,12 +4727,12 @@ - "A mass unit which is equal to 1/12 the mass of 12C" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - milli mDa milli unified atomic mass unit millidalton mmu + "A mass unit which is equal to 1/12 the mass of 12C" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + milli @@ -4439,11 +4740,10 @@ - + HA "An area unit which is equal to an area of 10,000 square meters. Equivalent to 2.471 acres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hectare - HA @@ -4451,12 +4751,11 @@ - + in "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 metres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] inch - in @@ -4464,13 +4763,12 @@ - - "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 millimetres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] - thou mil th + "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 millimetres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] + thou @@ -4478,12 +4776,11 @@ - + ft "A length unit which is equal to 0.3048 metres, or 12 inches." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] foot - ft @@ -4491,12 +4788,11 @@ - + yd "A length unit which is equal to 0.9144 metres, or 3 feet." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] yard - yd @@ -4504,12 +4800,11 @@ - + ch "A length unit which is equal to 20.1168 metres, 66 feet, or 22 yards." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] chain - ch @@ -4517,12 +4812,11 @@ - + fur "A length unit which is equal to 20,116.8 metres, 660 feet, or 10 chains." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] furlong - fur @@ -4530,12 +4824,11 @@ - + mi "A length unit which is equal to 1,609.344 metres, or 8 furlongs." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] mile - mi @@ -4543,12 +4836,11 @@ - + lea "A length unit which is equal to 3 miles, or 4,828.032 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] league - lea @@ -4556,7 +4848,6 @@ - "A maritime length unit is one used primarily at sea." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] maritime length unit @@ -4568,9 +4859,9 @@ + ftm "A maritime length unit which is equal to 6.08 feet, or 1.853184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] fathom - ftm @@ -4598,7 +4889,6 @@ - "An area unit which is equal to an area of 25.292,852,64 square meters, or 1 square rod." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] perch @@ -4609,7 +4899,6 @@ - "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 rod. This is equal to an area of 1,011.714,1056 square meters, or 40 square rods." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rood @@ -4620,7 +4909,6 @@ - "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 chain. This is equal to an area of 4,046.856,4224 square meters, or 43,500 square feet." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] acre @@ -4631,11 +4919,10 @@ - + fl oz "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 28.413,0625 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] fluid ounce - fl oz @@ -4643,11 +4930,10 @@ - + gi "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 142.065,3125 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gill - gi @@ -4655,11 +4941,10 @@ - + pt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 568.261,25 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pint - pt @@ -4667,11 +4952,10 @@ - + qt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 1,136.5225 millilitres, or two pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] quart - qt @@ -4679,11 +4963,10 @@ - + gal "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 4,546.09 millilitres, or 8 pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gallon - gal @@ -4691,11 +4974,10 @@ - + gr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 64.798,91 milligrams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] grain - gr @@ -4703,11 +4985,10 @@ - + dr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1.771,845,195,3125 grams, or 1/256 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] drachm - dr @@ -4715,11 +4996,10 @@ - + oz "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 28.349,523,125 grams, or 1/16 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ounce - oz @@ -4727,11 +5007,10 @@ - + lb "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 453.592,37 grams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pound - lb @@ -4739,11 +5018,10 @@ - + st "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 6,350.293,18 grams, or 14 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] stone - st @@ -4751,12 +5029,11 @@ - - "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 12.700,586,36 kilograms, or 28 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - quarter qr qtr + "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 12.700,586,36 kilograms, or 28 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + quarter @@ -4764,11 +5041,10 @@ - + cwt "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 50.802,345,44 kilograms, 112 pounds, or 8 stone." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hundredweight - cwt @@ -4776,11 +5052,10 @@ - + t "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1,016.046,9088 kilograms, or 2,240 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ton - t @@ -4788,7 +5063,6 @@ - "An imperial gravitational unit which is equivalent to a mass that accelerates by 1ft/s² when a force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] slug @@ -4799,12 +5073,11 @@ - - "A metric teaspoon is a unit of measurement of volume widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. It equals a 5mL volume." [Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaspoon] - teaspoon metric teaspoon tsp + "A metric teaspoon is a unit of measurement of volume widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. It equals a 5mL volume." [Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaspoon] + teaspoon @@ -4823,10 +5096,15 @@ - - "A substance unit which is equal to one millionth of a mole." [UOB:LTS] + + + + + + + + "DEPRECATED: Duplicate of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000039. A substance unit which is equal to one millionth of a mole." [UOB:LTS] micromole - mmol @@ -4834,12 +5112,11 @@ - - "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in grams divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] - gram per square meter g/m^[2] gram per square metre + "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in grams divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] + gram per square meter @@ -4848,10 +5125,10 @@ - "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in microliters." [UOB:LTS] - nanogram per microliter nanogram per microlitre ng/ul + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in microliters." [UOB:LTS] + nanogram per microliter @@ -4859,16 +5136,15 @@ - - "A unit of energy widely used in nutrition, equivalent to the amount of heat needed to cause one kilogram of water to rise in temperature by one degree Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] - large calorie big calorie cal calorie food calorie kcal kilocalorie + "A unit of energy widely used in nutrition, equivalent to the amount of heat needed to cause one kilogram of water to rise in temperature by one degree Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] + large calorie @@ -4877,9 +5153,9 @@ + micrograms per bottle "A unit of mass concentration defined as the number of micrograms of a substance per 250 ml Wheaton bottle." [UOB:LTS] micrograms per wheaton bottle - micrograms per bottle @@ -4898,10 +5174,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + pA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one trillionth of an ampere or 10^[-12] A." [UOB:LTS] picoampere - pA @@ -4920,10 +5202,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + cGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)" [NIST:NIST] centigray - cGy @@ -4942,10 +5230,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + GeV "A unit of energy that is equal to one thousand million electronvolts." [] gigaelectronvolt - GeV @@ -4954,9 +5248,9 @@ + GeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in GeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] gigaelectronvolt per nucleon - GeV/nucleon @@ -4965,9 +5259,9 @@ + MeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in MeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] megaelectronvolt per nucleon - MeV/nucleon @@ -4976,9 +5270,9 @@ + keV/micron "A derived unit equal to the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per micron of path length in matter" [] kiloelectronvolt per micron - keV/micron @@ -4986,11 +5280,10 @@ - + Gy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one gray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] gray per minute - Gy/min @@ -5009,10 +5302,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + cGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one centigray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] centigray per minute - cGy/min @@ -5031,10 +5330,16 @@ - + + + + + + + + mGy/day "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] milligray per minute - mGy/min @@ -5043,9 +5348,9 @@ + mGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per day." [NIST:NIST] milligray per day - mGy/min @@ -5054,9 +5359,9 @@ + mGy/h "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per hour." [NIST:NIST] milligray per hour - mGy/h @@ -5065,9 +5370,96 @@ + mGy/s "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second." [NIST:NIST] milligray per second - mGy/s + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + kilometre + km + "A length unit which is equal to one thousand meters." [UOB:LKSR] + kilometer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + mg/dl + milligram per decilitre + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] + milligram per deciliter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + microgram per decilitre + ug/dl + "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] + microgram per deciliter @@ -6571,12 +6963,12 @@ --> - milligram per kilogram per day "A dosage unit which is equal to 1 milligram per day of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] + milligram per kilogram per day - + diff --git a/src/ontology/rbo.Makefile b/src/ontology/rbo.Makefile index 64eb7c5..c2bbdad 100644 --- a/src/ontology/rbo.Makefile +++ b/src/ontology/rbo.Makefile @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ imports/envo_import.owl: mirror/envo.owl imports/envo_terms_combined.txt remove -t "PO:0025337" -t BFO:0000001 --trim false --axioms subclass --signature true --preserve-structure false\ remove -t "PO:0028002" -t BFO:0000001 --trim false --axioms subclass --signature true --preserve-structure false\ remove -t "PO:0009012" -t BFO:0000015 --trim false --axioms subclass --signature true --preserve-structure false\ + remove -t "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002507" -t "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002508" \ remove -t "ENVO:02500000" -t BFO:0000001 --trim false --axioms subclass --signature true --preserve-structure false\ remove -t "ENVO:09200002" -t BFO:0000001 --trim false --axioms subclass --signature true --preserve-structure false\ remove -t "ENVO:01001174" --select self --trim true --signature true --preserve-structure false\ diff --git a/src/ontology/reports/rbo-edit.owl-obo-report.tsv b/src/ontology/reports/rbo-edit.owl-obo-report.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c76aa56 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/ontology/reports/rbo-edit.owl-obo-report.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Level Rule Name Subject Property Value +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype environmental study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype therapeutics study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype nuclear accident study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype biological process owl:deprecated owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype cellular process owl:deprecated owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype irradiation owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype miligray per second owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype radiation quality owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR duplicate_label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure rdfs:label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure +ERROR duplicate_label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure rdfs:label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure +ERROR duplicate_label therapeutics study rdfs:label therapeutics study +ERROR duplicate_label therapeutics study rdfs:label therapeutics study +ERROR duplicate_label space flight rdfs:label space flight +ERROR duplicate_label space flight rdfs:label space flight +ERROR duplicate_label nuclear accident study rdfs:label nuclear accident study +ERROR duplicate_label nuclear accident study rdfs:label nuclear accident study +ERROR duplicate_label environmental study rdfs:label environmental study +ERROR duplicate_label environmental study rdfs:label environmental study +ERROR missing_label BFO:0000023 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CHEBI:33252 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CHEBI:36080 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CHEBI:50906 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CL:0000000 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CL:0017502 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CL:0017503 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label CL:0017504 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label DOID:4 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label GO:0005575 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label GO:0009314 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label GO:0010212 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label OBI:0302889 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label PO:0009012 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label SO:0000704 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label UBERON:0000000 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label UO:0000127 rdfs:label +ERROR missing_label UO:0000160 rdfs:label +WARN annotation_whitespace radiation response modifier IAO:0000115 Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. +WARN annotation_whitespace Iron-56 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Iron-56 nucleus IAO:0000118 Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 +WARN annotation_whitespace Silicon-28 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Silicon-28 nucleus IAO:0000118 Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 +WARN annotation_whitespace Carbon-12 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Carbon-12 nucleus IAO:0000118 C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 +WARN annotation_whitespace Helium-4 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Helium-4 nucleus IAO:0000118 He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 +WARN annotation_whitespace Neon-20 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Neon-20 nucleus IAO:0000118 Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 +WARN annotation_whitespace Niobium-93 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Niobium-93 nucleus IAO:0000118 Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 +WARN annotation_whitespace Silver-107 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Silver-107 nucleus IAO:0000118 Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 +WARN annotation_whitespace Xenon-129 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Xenon-129 nucleus IAO:0000118 Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 +WARN annotation_whitespace Tantalum-181 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Tantalum-181 nucleus IAO:0000118 Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 +WARN annotation_whitespace Gold-197 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Gold-197 nucleus IAO:0000118 Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 +WARN annotation_whitespace Nitrogen-14 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Nitrogen-14 nucleus IAO:0000118 N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 +WARN annotation_whitespace Oxygen-16 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Oxygen-16 nucleus IAO:0000118 O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 +WARN annotation_whitespace Argon-40 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Argon-40 nucleus IAO:0000118 Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 +WARN annotation_whitespace Titanium-48 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Titanium-48 nucleus IAO:0000118 Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 +WARN annotation_whitespace Krypton-84 nucleus IAO:0000115 An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Krypton-84 nucleus IAO:0000118 Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 +WARN annotation_whitespace external radiation exposure IAO:0000112 Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. +WARN duplicate_label_synonym charged particle IAO:0000118 charged particle +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ionizing radiation IAO:0000118 ionising radiation +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ionizing radiation oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ionising radiation +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym as low as reasonably achievable IAO:0000118 ALARA +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym as low as reasonably achievable oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ALARA +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym delta ray IAO:0000118 delta electron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym delta ray oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym delta electron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym linear energy transfer IAO:0000118 LET +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym linear energy transfer oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym LET +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym relative biological effectiveness IAO:0000118 RBE +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym relative biological effectiveness oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym RBE +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus particle track RO:0000086 particle track structure +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus track formation OBI:0000299 particle track +WARN missing_definition COB:0000800 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition BFO:0000023 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CHEBI:33252 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CHEBI:36080 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CHEBI:50906 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CL:0000000 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CL:0017502 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CL:0017503 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition CL:0017504 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition DOID:4 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition GO:0005575 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition GO:0009314 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition GO:0010212 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition OBI:0302889 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition PO:0009012 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition astronaut IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition military IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition medical professional IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition dentist IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition radiologist IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition risk estimate IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition lifetime risk estimate IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition biological process IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition cellular process IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition track formation IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition mass number IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition SO:0000704 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition UBERON:0000000 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition UO:0000127 IAO:0000115 +WARN missing_definition UO:0000160 IAO:0000115 +INFO lowercase_definition spacecraft module IAO:0000115 a self-contained unit of a spacecraft +INFO lowercase_definition gamma radiation IAO:0000115 electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV +INFO lowercase_definition Gammacell 40 IAO:0000115 http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf +INFO lowercase_definition RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam IAO:0000115 https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility +INFO lowercase_definition Swift HALE IAO:0000115 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights +INFO lowercase_definition ER-2 IAO:0000115 https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html +INFO lowercase_definition WB-57 IAO:0000115 https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC +INFO lowercase_definition Faxitron CP160 IAO:0000115 doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 +INFO lowercase_definition X-Rad320 IAO:0000115 https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ diff --git a/src/ontology/reports/rbo.owl-obo-report.tsv b/src/ontology/reports/rbo.owl-obo-report.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e03789 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/ontology/reports/rbo.owl-obo-report.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,3271 @@ +Level Rule Name Subject Property Value +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype environmental study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype therapeutics study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype nuclear accident study owl:deprecated A owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype biological process owl:deprecated owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype cellular process owl:deprecated owl:deprecated +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype irradiation owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype miligray per second owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR deprecated_boolean_datatype radiation quality owl:deprecated TRUE +ERROR duplicate_definition chemical entity textual definition A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. +ERROR duplicate_definition heteroatomic molecular entity textual definition A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. +ERROR duplicate_label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure +ERROR duplicate_label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure label unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure +ERROR duplicate_label thorium label thorium +ERROR duplicate_label thorium label thorium +ERROR duplicate_label therapeutics study label therapeutics study +ERROR duplicate_label therapeutics study label therapeutics study +ERROR duplicate_label space flight label space flight +ERROR duplicate_label space flight label space flight +ERROR duplicate_label root label root +ERROR duplicate_label root label root +ERROR duplicate_label role label role +ERROR duplicate_label role label role +ERROR duplicate_label radiation quality label radiation quality +ERROR duplicate_label radiation quality label radiation quality +ERROR duplicate_label quality label quality +ERROR duplicate_label characteristic label quality +ERROR duplicate_label protein label protein +ERROR duplicate_label protein label protein +ERROR duplicate_label primordium label primordium +ERROR duplicate_label primordium label primordium +ERROR duplicate_label planned process label planned process +ERROR duplicate_label planned process label planned process +ERROR duplicate_label nuclear accident study label nuclear accident study +ERROR duplicate_label nuclear accident study label nuclear accident study +ERROR duplicate_label normal label normal +ERROR duplicate_label normal label normal +ERROR duplicate_label milli label milli +ERROR duplicate_label milli label milli +ERROR duplicate_label micromole label micromole +ERROR duplicate_label micromole label micromole +ERROR duplicate_label has participant label has participant +ERROR duplicate_label has participant label has participant +ERROR duplicate_label gill label gill +ERROR duplicate_label gill label gill +ERROR duplicate_label environmental study label environmental study +ERROR duplicate_label environmental study label environmental study +ERROR duplicate_label cellular process label cellular process +ERROR duplicate_label cellular process label cellular process +ERROR duplicate_label biological_process label biological process +ERROR duplicate_label biological process label biological process +ERROR duplicate_label anatomical entity label anatomical entity@en +ERROR duplicate_label anatomical entity label anatomical entity@en +ERROR missing_label http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled label +ERROR missing_label oboInOwl:creation_date label +ERROR missing_label rdf:PlainLiteral label +ERROR missing_label xsd:boolean label +ERROR missing_label xsd:string label +ERROR multiple_definitions independent continuant textual definition A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions independent continuant textual definition b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) +ERROR multiple_definitions independent continuant textual definition b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])@en +ERROR multiple_definitions process textual definition A process is an entity that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity during the time it occurs. +ERROR multiple_definitions process textual definition An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions process textual definition p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])@en +ERROR multiple_definitions specifically dependent continuant textual definition A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions specifically dependent continuant textual definition An experimental factor which is a property or characteristic of some other entity. For example, the mouse has the colour white. +ERROR multiple_definitions specifically dependent continuant textual definition b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])@en +ERROR multiple_definitions specifically dependent continuant textual definition b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])@en +ERROR multiple_definitions role textual definition A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions role textual definition A role is an entity which is borne in a material entity in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts, but which is not essential to the fundamental definition of that material entity (i.e. the material entity exists with or without the role). For example, the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of an artificial heart in pumping blood, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a drug in the treatment of a disease. +ERROR multiple_definitions generically dependent continuant textual definition A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions generically dependent continuant textual definition b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])@en +ERROR multiple_definitions material entity textual definition A material entity is an entity that exists in full during the length of time of its existence, persists through this time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. For example a heart, a human, a fly, a microarray. +ERROR multiple_definitions material entity textual definition An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions part_of textual definition For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) +ERROR multiple_definitions part_of textual definition a core relation that holds between a part and its whole +ERROR multiple_definitions part_of textual definition a core relation that holds between a part and its whole@en +ERROR multiple_definitions has_part textual definition Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. +ERROR multiple_definitions has_part textual definition a core relation that holds between a whole and its part +ERROR multiple_definitions has_part textual definition a core relation that holds between a whole and its part@en +ERROR multiple_definitions preceded_by textual definition X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) +ERROR multiple_definitions preceded_by textual definition x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions anterior_to textual definition x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +ERROR multiple_definitions anterior_to textual definition x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer +ERROR multiple_definitions dorsal_to textual definition x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +ERROR multiple_definitions dorsal_to textual definition x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +ERROR multiple_definitions posterior to textual definition x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +ERROR multiple_definitions posterior to textual definition x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +ERROR multiple_definitions ventral_to textual definition x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +ERROR multiple_definitions ventral_to textual definition x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +ERROR multiple_definitions in posterior side of textual definition X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in posterior side of textual definition X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in_anterior_side_of textual definition X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in_anterior_side_of textual definition X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in_proximal_side_of textual definition X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in_proximal_side_of textual definition x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in distal side of textual definition X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in distal side of textual definition x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. +ERROR multiple_definitions in lateral side of textual definition X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure +ERROR multiple_definitions in lateral side of textual definition X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure +ERROR multiple_definitions proximalmost_part_of textual definition X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y +ERROR multiple_definitions proximalmost_part_of textual definition X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y +ERROR multiple_definitions immediately_deep_to textual definition This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. +ERROR multiple_definitions immediately_deep_to textual definition x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. +ERROR multiple_definitions distalmost_part_of textual definition X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y +ERROR multiple_definitions distalmost_part_of textual definition X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y +ERROR multiple_definitions chemical entity textual definition A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. +ERROR multiple_definitions chemical entity textual definition A drug, solvent, chemical, etc., with a property that can be measured such as concentration. +ERROR multiple_definitions chemical entity textual definition A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. +ERROR multiple_definitions food component textual definition A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. +ERROR multiple_definitions food component textual definition Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. +ERROR multiple_definitions cell textual definition A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. +ERROR multiple_definitions cell textual definition A material entity that has a plasma membrane and results from cellular division. +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular_component textual definition " +The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. +" +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular_component textual definition A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular_component textual definition The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. +ERROR multiple_definitions transport textual definition The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. +ERROR multiple_definitions transport textual definition The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. +ERROR multiple_definitions biological_process textual definition A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. +ERROR multiple_definitions biological_process textual definition "Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. +" +ERROR multiple_definitions biological_process textual definition The activities of living organisms that support life in single- or multi-cellular organisms from their origin through the progression of life. +ERROR multiple_definitions response to radiation textual definition Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. +ERROR multiple_definitions response to radiation textual definition Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular process textual definition " +Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. +" +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular process textual definition Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. +ERROR multiple_definitions sexual reproduction textual definition A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. +ERROR multiple_definitions sexual reproduction textual definition A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). +ERROR multiple_definitions response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. +" +ERROR multiple_definitions response to stimulus textual definition Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. +" +ERROR multiple_definitions cellular response to stimulus textual definition Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. +ERROR multiple_definitions data item textual definition An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions data item textual definition a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions information content entity textual definition A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions information content entity textual definition An information entity is an entity that represents information about some other entity. For example, a measurement, a clustered data set. +ERROR multiple_definitions textual definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions textual definition textual definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions definition source textual definition Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007@en +ERROR multiple_definitions definition source textual definition formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007@en +ERROR multiple_definitions population textual definition A population is a group of material entities consisting of individuals which share a particular characteristic such as inhabiting a particular region or area or ability to interbreed. +ERROR multiple_definitions population textual definition a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area@en +ERROR multiple_definitions protocol textual definition A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions protocol textual definition A protocol is an information entity which is a set of instructions that describe an how an experiment is done. +ERROR multiple_definitions protocol textual definition a protocol is a plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between domain experts, so that different domain experts will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. +ERROR multiple_definitions organism textual definition A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. +ERROR multiple_definitions organism textual definition A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions organism textual definition A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. E.g Drosophila melanogaster +ERROR multiple_definitions characteristic_of textual definition a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.@en +ERROR multiple_definitions characteristic_of textual definition a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +ERROR multiple_definitions bearer of textual definition Inverse of characteristic_of@en +ERROR multiple_definitions bearer of textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +ERROR multiple_definitions participates in textual definition Participates in is a primitive instance-level relation between a continuant and a process in which it participates. For example a scanner participates in a scanning process at some specific time. +ERROR multiple_definitions participates in textual definition a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process@en +ERROR multiple_definitions has participant textual definition Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the A continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. +ERROR multiple_definitions has participant textual definition a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process@en +ERROR multiple_definitions overlaps textual definition x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y +ERROR multiple_definitions overlaps textual definition x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. +ERROR multiple_definitions only in taxon textual definition U only_in_taxon T: U is a feature found in only in organisms of species of taxon T. The feature cannot be found in an organism of any species outside of (not subsumed by) that taxon. Down-propagates in U hierarchy, up-propagates in T hierarchy (species taxonomy). Implies applicable_to_taxon. +ERROR multiple_definitions only in taxon textual definition x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. +ERROR multiple_definitions connected to textual definition Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. +ERROR multiple_definitions connected to textual definition a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b +ERROR multiple_definitions connects textual definition Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. +ERROR multiple_definitions connects textual definition c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. +ERROR multiple_definitions regulates textual definition process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. +ERROR multiple_definitions regulates textual definition process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. +ERROR multiple_definitions surrounded by textual definition x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x +ERROR multiple_definitions surrounded by textual definition x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y +ERROR multiple_definitions adjacent to textual definition x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. +ERROR multiple_definitions adjacent to textual definition x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary +ERROR multiple_definitions surrounds textual definition inverse of surrounded by +ERROR multiple_definitions surrounds textual definition inverse of surrounded_by +ERROR multiple_definitions starts textual definition Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. +ERROR multiple_definitions starts textual definition inverse of starts with +ERROR multiple_definitions ends textual definition Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. +ERROR multiple_definitions ends textual definition inverse of ends with +ERROR multiple_definitions has output textual definition p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. +ERROR multiple_definitions has output textual definition p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. +ERROR multiple_definitions developmentally induced by textual definition t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. +ERROR multiple_definitions developmentally induced by textual definition t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T +ERROR multiple_definitions inheres in part of textual definition q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. +ERROR multiple_definitions inheres in part of textual definition q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. +ERROR multiple_definitions has potential to developmentally contribute to textual definition x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y +ERROR multiple_definitions has potential to developmentally contribute to textual definition x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y@en +ERROR multiple_definitions has potential to develop into textual definition x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y +ERROR multiple_definitions has potential to develop into textual definition x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y@en +ERROR multiple_definitions composed primarily of textual definition x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. +ERROR multiple_definitions composed primarily of textual definition x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y +ERROR multiple_definitions existence starts during textual definition Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. +ERROR multiple_definitions existence starts during textual definition x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). +ERROR multiple_definitions existence starts with textual definition Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. +ERROR multiple_definitions existence starts with textual definition x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). +ERROR multiple_definitions existence ends during textual definition Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. +ERROR multiple_definitions existence ends during textual definition x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). +ERROR multiple_definitions existence ends with textual definition Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. +ERROR multiple_definitions existence ends with textual definition x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). +ERROR multiple_definitions has skeleton textual definition A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. +ERROR multiple_definitions has skeleton textual definition A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. +ERROR multiple_definitions prefix textual definition A derived unit is a unit which is derived from base units. +ERROR multiple_definitions prefix textual definition A unit which is derived from base units. +ERROR multiple_definitions radiation unit textual definition A derived unit which is a standard measure of the amount of radiation emitted by a given radiation source as well as the amount of radiation absorbed or deposited in a specific material by a radiation source. +ERROR multiple_definitions radiation unit textual definition A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of radiation emitted by a given radiation source as well as the amount of radiation absorbed or deposited in a specific material by a radiation source. +ERROR multiple_definitions absorbed dose unit textual definition A derived unit which is a standard measure of the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue. +ERROR multiple_definitions absorbed dose unit textual definition A unit which is a standard measure of the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue. +ERROR multiple_equivalent_class_definitions reproductive behavior owl:equivalentClass blank node +ERROR multiple_labels continuant label continuant +ERROR multiple_labels continuant label continuant@en +ERROR multiple_labels independent continuant label independent continuant +ERROR multiple_labels independent continuant label independent continuant@en +ERROR multiple_labels process label process +ERROR multiple_labels process label process@en +ERROR multiple_labels disposition label disposition +ERROR multiple_labels disposition label disposition@en +ERROR multiple_labels realizable entity label realizable@en +ERROR multiple_labels realizable entity label realizable entity@en +ERROR multiple_labels realizable entity label realizable_entity +ERROR multiple_labels quality label quality +ERROR multiple_labels quality label quality@en +ERROR multiple_labels specifically dependent continuant label material property +ERROR multiple_labels specifically dependent continuant label specifically dependent continuant +ERROR multiple_labels specifically dependent continuant label specifically dependent continuant@en +ERROR multiple_labels role label role +ERROR multiple_labels role label role@en +ERROR multiple_labels fiat object part label fiat object@en +ERROR multiple_labels fiat object part label fiat object part@en +ERROR multiple_labels object label object +ERROR multiple_labels object label object@en +ERROR multiple_labels generically dependent continuant label generically dependent continuant +ERROR multiple_labels generically dependent continuant label generically dependent continuant@en +ERROR multiple_labels material entity label material entity +ERROR multiple_labels material entity label material entity@en +ERROR multiple_labels part_of label part of +ERROR multiple_labels part_of label part of@en +ERROR multiple_labels part_of label part_of +ERROR multiple_labels has_part label has part +ERROR multiple_labels has_part label has part@en +ERROR multiple_labels has_part label has_part +ERROR multiple_labels preceded_by label preceded by +ERROR multiple_labels preceded_by label preceded by@en +ERROR multiple_labels preceded_by label preceded_by +ERROR multiple_labels precedes label precedes +ERROR multiple_labels precedes label precedes@en +ERROR multiple_labels contains process label contains process +ERROR multiple_labels contains process label contains process@en +ERROR multiple_labels anterior_to label anterior to +ERROR multiple_labels anterior_to label anterior_to +ERROR multiple_labels dorsal_to label dorsal to +ERROR multiple_labels dorsal_to label dorsal_to +ERROR multiple_labels posterior to label posterior to +ERROR multiple_labels posterior to label posterior_to +ERROR multiple_labels ventral_to label ventral to +ERROR multiple_labels ventral_to label ventral_to +ERROR multiple_labels deep to label deep to +ERROR multiple_labels deep to label deep_to +ERROR multiple_labels superficial_to label superficial to +ERROR multiple_labels superficial_to label superficial_to +ERROR multiple_labels in posterior side of label in posterior side of +ERROR multiple_labels in posterior side of label in_posterior_side_of +ERROR multiple_labels in_anterior_side_of label in anterior side of +ERROR multiple_labels in_anterior_side_of label in_anterior_side_of +ERROR multiple_labels in_proximal_side_of label in proximal side of +ERROR multiple_labels in_proximal_side_of label in_proximal_side_of +ERROR multiple_labels in distal side of label in distal side of +ERROR multiple_labels in distal side of label in_distal_side_of +ERROR multiple_labels in lateral side of label in lateral side of +ERROR multiple_labels in lateral side of label in_lateral_side_of +ERROR multiple_labels proximalmost_part_of label proximalmost part of +ERROR multiple_labels proximalmost_part_of label proximalmost_part_of +ERROR multiple_labels immediately_deep_to label immediately deep to +ERROR multiple_labels immediately_deep_to label immediately_deep_to +ERROR multiple_labels distalmost_part_of label distalmost part of +ERROR multiple_labels distalmost_part_of label distalmost_part_of +ERROR multiple_labels atom label atom +ERROR multiple_labels atom label element +ERROR multiple_labels atom label uncharged atom +ERROR multiple_labels atomic nucleus label atomic nucleus +ERROR multiple_labels atomic nucleus label atomic nucleus@en +ERROR multiple_labels subatomic particle label subatomic particle +ERROR multiple_labels subatomic particle label subatomic particle@en +ERROR multiple_labels cell label cell +ERROR multiple_labels cell label cell@en +ERROR multiple_labels skeletal muscle fiber label skeletal muscle fiber +ERROR multiple_labels skeletal muscle fiber label skeletal muscle fiber@en +ERROR multiple_labels visceral muscle cell label visceral muscle cell +ERROR multiple_labels visceral muscle cell label visceral muscle cell@en +ERROR multiple_labels zygote label zygote +ERROR multiple_labels zygote label zygote@en +ERROR multiple_labels cellular_component label cellular component +ERROR multiple_labels cellular_component label cellular_component +ERROR multiple_labels biological_process label biological process +ERROR multiple_labels biological_process label biological_process +ERROR multiple_labels objective specification label objective specification +ERROR multiple_labels objective specification label objective specification@en +ERROR multiple_labels information content entity label information +ERROR multiple_labels information content entity label information content entity +ERROR multiple_labels information content entity label information content entity@en +ERROR multiple_labels information content entity label information entity +ERROR multiple_labels directive information entity label directive information entity +ERROR multiple_labels directive information entity label directive information entity@en +ERROR multiple_labels plan specification label plan specification +ERROR multiple_labels plan specification label plan specification@en +ERROR multiple_labels editor preferred label label editor preferred label +ERROR multiple_labels editor preferred label label editor preferred label@en +ERROR multiple_labels editor preferred label label editor preferred term +ERROR multiple_labels editor preferred label label editor preferred term@en +ERROR multiple_labels editor preferred label label editor preferred term~editor preferred label +ERROR multiple_labels example of usage label example of usage +ERROR multiple_labels example of usage label example of usage@en +ERROR multiple_labels textual definition label definition +ERROR multiple_labels textual definition label definition@en +ERROR multiple_labels textual definition label textual definition +ERROR multiple_labels editor note label editor note +ERROR multiple_labels editor note label editor note@en +ERROR multiple_labels term editor label term editor +ERROR multiple_labels term editor label term editor@en +ERROR multiple_labels alternative term label alternative term +ERROR multiple_labels alternative term label alternative term@en +ERROR multiple_labels definition source label definition source +ERROR multiple_labels definition source label definition source@en +ERROR multiple_labels planned process label completely executed planned process@en +ERROR multiple_labels planned process label planned process +ERROR multiple_labels planned process label planned process@en +ERROR multiple_labels population label population +ERROR multiple_labels population label population@en +ERROR multiple_labels protocol label protocol +ERROR multiple_labels protocol label protocol@en +ERROR multiple_labels has_input label has specified input@en +ERROR multiple_labels has_input label has_input +ERROR multiple_labels has_input label has_specified_input +ERROR multiple_labels has_input label has_specified_input@en +ERROR multiple_labels is specified input of label is specified input of@en +ERROR multiple_labels is specified input of label is_input_of +ERROR multiple_labels is specified input of label is_specified_input_of@en +ERROR multiple_labels has_output label has specified output@en +ERROR multiple_labels has_output label has_output +ERROR multiple_labels has_output label has_specified_output +ERROR multiple_labels has_output label has_specified_output@en +ERROR multiple_labels is_specified_output_of label is specified output of@en +ERROR multiple_labels is_specified_output_of label is_specified_output_of@en +ERROR multiple_labels organism label organism +ERROR multiple_labels organism label organism@en +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic label characteristic@en +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic label quality +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic_of label characteristic of@en +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic_of label characteristic_of +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic_of label inheres in +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic_of label inheres in@en +ERROR multiple_labels characteristic_of label inheres_in +ERROR multiple_labels bearer of label bearer of +ERROR multiple_labels bearer of label bearer of@en +ERROR multiple_labels bearer of label has characteristic +ERROR multiple_labels bearer of label has characteristic@en +ERROR multiple_labels participates in label participates in +ERROR multiple_labels participates in label participates in@en +ERROR multiple_labels participates in label participates_in +ERROR multiple_labels has participant label has participant +ERROR multiple_labels has participant label has participant@en +ERROR multiple_labels has participant label has_participant +ERROR multiple_labels has quality label has quality +ERROR multiple_labels has quality label has quality@en +ERROR multiple_labels has quality label has_quality +ERROR multiple_labels has role label has role +ERROR multiple_labels has role label has role@en +ERROR multiple_labels immediately preceded by label immediately preceded by +ERROR multiple_labels immediately preceded by label immediately preceded by@en +ERROR multiple_labels immediately preceded by label immediately_preceded_by +ERROR multiple_labels immediately_precedes label immediately precedes@en +ERROR multiple_labels immediately_precedes label immediately_precedes +ERROR multiple_labels overlaps label overlaps +ERROR multiple_labels overlaps label overlaps@en +ERROR multiple_labels has component label has component +ERROR multiple_labels has component label has component@en +ERROR multiple_labels regulates label regulates +ERROR multiple_labels regulates label regulates@en +ERROR multiple_labels regulates label regulates (processual) +ERROR multiple_labels negatively regulates label negatively regulates +ERROR multiple_labels negatively regulates label negatively regulates@en +ERROR multiple_labels positively regulates label positively regulates +ERROR multiple_labels positively regulates label positively regulates@en +ERROR multiple_labels capable of label capable of +ERROR multiple_labels capable of label capable of@en +ERROR multiple_labels capable of part of label capable of part of +ERROR multiple_labels capable of part of label capable of part of@en +ERROR multiple_labels surrounded by label surrounded by +ERROR multiple_labels surrounded by label surrounded by@en +ERROR multiple_labels adjacent to label adjacent to +ERROR multiple_labels adjacent to label adjacent to@en +ERROR multiple_labels starts label starts +ERROR multiple_labels starts label starts@en +ERROR multiple_labels starts with label starts with +ERROR multiple_labels starts with label starts with@en +ERROR multiple_labels ends label ends +ERROR multiple_labels ends label ends@en +ERROR multiple_labels ends with label ends with +ERROR multiple_labels ends with label ends with@en +ERROR multiple_labels has input label has input +ERROR multiple_labels has input label has input@en +ERROR multiple_labels has output label has output +ERROR multiple_labels has output label has output@en +ERROR multiple_labels results in developmental progression of label results in developmental progression of +ERROR multiple_labels results in developmental progression of label results in developmental progression of@en +ERROR multiple_labels results in formation of label results in formation of +ERROR multiple_labels results in formation of label results in formation of@en +ERROR multiple_labels has habitat label has habitat +ERROR multiple_labels has habitat label has habitat@en +ERROR multiple_labels inheres in part of label characteristic of part of@en +ERROR multiple_labels inheres in part of label inheres in part of +ERROR multiple_labels inheres in part of label inheres in part of@en +ERROR multiple_labels functionally related to label functionally related to +ERROR multiple_labels functionally related to label functionally related to@en +ERROR multiple_labels regulated by label regulated by +ERROR multiple_labels regulated by label regulated by@en +ERROR multiple_labels negatively regulated by label negatively regulated by +ERROR multiple_labels negatively regulated by label negatively regulated by@en +ERROR multiple_labels positively regulated by label positively regulated by +ERROR multiple_labels positively regulated by label positively regulated by@en +ERROR multiple_labels input of label input of +ERROR multiple_labels input of label input of@en +ERROR multiple_labels output of label output of +ERROR multiple_labels output of label output of@en +ERROR multiple_labels causally downstream of label causally downstream of +ERROR multiple_labels causally downstream of label causally downstream of@en +ERROR multiple_labels immediately causally downstream of label immediately causally downstream of +ERROR multiple_labels immediately causally downstream of label immediately causally downstream of@en +ERROR multiple_labels causally upstream of label causally upstream of +ERROR multiple_labels causally upstream of label causally upstream of@en +ERROR multiple_labels immediately causally upstream of label immediately causally upstream of +ERROR multiple_labels immediately causally upstream of label immediately causally upstream of@en +ERROR multiple_labels results in assembly of label results in assembly of +ERROR multiple_labels results in assembly of label results_in_assembly_of +ERROR multiple_labels results in disassembly of label results in disassembly of +ERROR multiple_labels results in disassembly of label results_in_disassembly_of +ERROR multiple_labels anatomical entity label anatomical entity +ERROR multiple_labels anatomical entity label anatomical entity@en +ERROR multiple_labels prefix label derived unit +ERROR multiple_labels prefix label prefix +ERROR multiple_labels creator label Creator +ERROR multiple_labels creator label Creator@en-us +ERROR multiple_labels creator label creator +ERROR multiple_labels Date label Date +ERROR multiple_labels Date label Date@en-us +ERROR multiple_labels Description label Description +ERROR multiple_labels Description label Description@en-us +ERROR multiple_labels Description label description +ERROR multiple_labels title label Title +ERROR multiple_labels title label Title@en-us +ERROR multiple_labels title label title +WARN annotation_whitespace continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace occurrent IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace occurrent IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace independent continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace independent continuant IAO:0000602 (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace independent continuant IAO:0000602 (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace spatial region IAO:0000602 (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace spatial region IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace process IAO:0000602 (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] +WARN annotation_whitespace disposition IAO:0000602 (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace disposition IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace realizable entity IAO:0000602 (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace realizable entity IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace quality IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace quality IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace specifically dependent continuant IAO:0000602 (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] +WARN annotation_whitespace specifically dependent continuant IAO:0000602 (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] +WARN annotation_whitespace role IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace object aggregate editor note An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects +WARN annotation_whitespace object aggregate IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] +WARN annotation_whitespace generically dependent continuant IAO:0000602 (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace function IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] +WARN annotation_whitespace material entity IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace material entity IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace material entity IAO:0000602 (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference "CALOHA:TS-2035 +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference FMA:68646 +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference GO:0005623 +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference "KUPO:0000002 + +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference VHOG:0001533 +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference WBbt:0004017 +WARN annotation_whitespace cell database_cross_reference XAO:0003012 +WARN annotation_whitespace cellular_component textual definition " +The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cellular_component rdfs:comment " +Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace biological_process textual definition "Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace biological_process rdfs:comment "Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cellular process textual definition " +Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cell part textual definition " +Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cell part rdfs:comment " +Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace single-organism process textual definition " +A biological process that involves only one organism. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace single-organism cellular process textual definition " +Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace response to stimulus rdfs:comment " +Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cellular response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace cellular response to stimulus rdfs:comment " +Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace datum label IAO:0000232 "9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace textual definition editor note "2012-04-05: +Barry Smith + +The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. + +Can you fix to something like: + +A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. + +Alan Ruttenberg + +Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. + +On the specifics of the proposed definition: + +We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. + +Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. + +We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. @en" +WARN annotation_whitespace is_supported_by_data example of usage "The relation between the conclusion \""Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production\"" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. " +WARN annotation_whitespace drawing a conclusion based on data example of usage Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. +WARN annotation_whitespace categorical label example of usage The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. +WARN annotation_whitespace device editor note "2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of \""device\"", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. + +2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: + +(1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. + +(2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. + +(3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. + +In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay. " +WARN annotation_whitespace questionnaire editor note "JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. +JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. @en" +WARN annotation_whitespace Edingburgh handedness inventory textual definition The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. @en +WARN annotation_whitespace conclusion based on data editor note "In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of \""conclusion textual entity\"", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. " +WARN annotation_whitespace histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system textual definition A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. +WARN annotation_whitespace Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) textual definition A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. +WARN annotation_whitespace Stage IIA (FIGO) textual definition An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. +WARN annotation_whitespace Stage IIA1 (FIGO) textual definition An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. +WARN annotation_whitespace Stage IIA2 (FIGO) textual definition An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. +WARN annotation_whitespace Stage IIB (FIGO) textual definition An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. +WARN annotation_whitespace radiation response modifier textual definition Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. +WARN annotation_whitespace Iron-56 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Iron-56 nucleus alternative term Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 +WARN annotation_whitespace Silicon-28 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Silicon-28 nucleus alternative term Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 +WARN annotation_whitespace Carbon-12 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Carbon-12 nucleus alternative term C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 +WARN annotation_whitespace Helium-4 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Helium-4 nucleus alternative term He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 +WARN annotation_whitespace Neon-20 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Neon-20 nucleus alternative term Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 +WARN annotation_whitespace Niobium-93 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Niobium-93 nucleus alternative term Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 +WARN annotation_whitespace Silver-107 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Silver-107 nucleus alternative term Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 +WARN annotation_whitespace Xenon-129 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Xenon-129 nucleus alternative term Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 +WARN annotation_whitespace Tantalum-181 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Tantalum-181 nucleus alternative term Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 +WARN annotation_whitespace Gold-197 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Gold-197 nucleus alternative term Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 +WARN annotation_whitespace Nitrogen-14 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Nitrogen-14 nucleus alternative term N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 +WARN annotation_whitespace Oxygen-16 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Oxygen-16 nucleus alternative term O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 +WARN annotation_whitespace Argon-40 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Argon-40 nucleus alternative term Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 +WARN annotation_whitespace Titanium-48 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Titanium-48 nucleus alternative term Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 +WARN annotation_whitespace Krypton-84 nucleus textual definition An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons +WARN annotation_whitespace Krypton-84 nucleus alternative term Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 +WARN annotation_whitespace external radiation exposure example of usage Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. +WARN annotation_whitespace internal experimental radiation exposure rdfs:comment Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure +WARN annotation_whitespace spatially disjoint from editor note There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. @en +WARN annotation_whitespace capable of textual definition A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. +WARN annotation_whitespace siemens has_exact_synonym mho +WARN annotation_whitespace electric field strength unit has_exact_synonym E-field strength +WARN annotation_whitespace title Description " + Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is + formally known. + @en-us" +WARN annotation_whitespace BALB/c rdfs:comment "Description from https://www.jax.org/strain/000651: + +BALB/c mice are particularly well known for the production of plasmacytomas following injection with mineral oil forming the basis for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Although not all BALB/c substrains have been examined for plasmacytoma induction, substrains derived from the Andervont (An) lineage (which includes BALB/cByJ) typically are susceptible, while those descended from BALB/cJ are resistant (see: Potter M, 1985). Mammary tumor incidence is normally low but infection with mammary tumor virus by fostering to MMTV+ C3H mice dramatically increases tumor number and age of onset. BALB/c mice develop other cancers later in life including reticular neoplasms, primary lung tumors, and renal tumors. Rare spontaneous myoepitheliomas arising from myoepithelial cells of various exocrine glands have been observed in both BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ substrains. + +White et al. reported a variation in thioglycolate medium-induced peritoneal leukocyte recruitment in 4 analyzed strains. The response of total leukocyte recruitment, from greatest to least, was C57BL/6J>BALB/c>CD1>129X1/SvJ. Variations were also found in the timeline of response and cell types most impacted. + +BALB/c mice immunized with PLP180-199 develop an atypical form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in which susceptibility is determined by location. In the spinal cord 60-70% mice develop pathological lesions and in the brain and cerebellum 100% of mice develop sever lesions. + +Dorso-ventral vaginal septa is observed in some BALB/cJ females, and may contribute to non-productive females in this strain. (Cunliffe-Beamer T, Lab Anim Sci, 1976) +" +WARN annotation_whitespace CAST/EiJ textual definition " + +Both CAST/EiJ and CASA/RkJ (Stock No. 000735) were derived from wild mice trapped in Thailand. CAST is often combined with the common laboratory strains to generate F1 hybrids with high levels of heterozygosity for use in genetic mapping. Unlike the wild-derived strain SPRET, male F1 mice from a CAST cross are fertile. + +Like CASA, CAST is resistant to flavivirus infection. The flavivirus family includes pathogens responsible for dengue, yellow fever and several forms of encephalitis. Most common laboratory mice are sensitive to flavivirus infection. Resistance/sensitivity is conferred through the oligoA synthase Oas1b locus. In a comparison of multiple strains, CASA and CAST exhibit reduced numbers of retinal ganglion cells as compared to common laboratory strains and other wild-derived strains. In a 2015 study comparing CAST/Ei and the other Collaborative Cross inbred strains (A/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/LtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, and WSB/EiJ), dorsal root ganglion neurons from CAST/Ei mice demonstrate a significantly improved ability to regenerate axons in an inhibitory environment as determined by an increase in number of neurons with neurites and longer axonal process per neuron under both naive and pre-injured conditions. In addition, as compared to neurons from C57BL/6 mice, CAST/Ei neurons exhibit more extensive axonal regeneration in the spinal cord and optic nerve following injury and show greater sprouting following ischemic stroke. + +Wild-derived mice are genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a number of complex phenotypic characteristics and are valuable tools for genetic mapping, evolution and systematics research. +" +WARN annotation_whitespace FVB/NJ textual definition FVB/NJ was inbred for the Fv1b allele which confers sensitivity to the Friend leukemia virus B strain. Due to the prominent pronuclei in their fertilized eggs and the large litter size, FVB/NJ mice are commonly used for transgenic injection. Compared to many other inbred strains, FVB/NJ is highly susceptible to asthma-like airway responsiveness with significant generation of antigen-specific IgE. Despite having the H2q MHC haplotype, FVB/NJ are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. This resistance stems from coding polymorphisms in Tcra-V11.1 and a genomic deletion of some Tcrb-V genes that includes Tcrb-V8.2. FVB/NJ have higher than average activity, anxiety, and basal body temperature, low stress-induced hyperthermia, and are homozygous for the Pde6brd1 allele, which results in early onset retinal degeneration. Although FVB/N typically do not develop spontaneous tumors, they are highly susceptible to chemically induced squamous cell carcinomas with a high rate of malignant conversion from papilloma to carcinoma. +WARN annotation_whitespace CBA/J textual definition "CBA/J inbred mice are widely used as a general purpose strain. CBA/J strain is the only CBA substrain that carries the Pde6brd1 mutation, which causes blindness by wean age. CBA/J mice are not histocompatible with the CBA/CaJ (Stock No. 000654) substrain (Green and Kaufer, 1965). + +The CBA/J inbred mouse strain is used to study granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT), are relatively resistant to diet-induced atherosclerosis (Paigen et al. 1990), and develop a mild hearing loss late in life, with most of the hearing loss occurring in the higher frequencies (Sweet et al. 1988). Renal tubulointerstitial lesions have been observed in this strain at a high frequency (Rudofsky 1978). Some CBA/J mice spontaneously develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency syndrome (Eppig and Leiter 1977, Leiter et al. 1977). +" +WARN annotation_whitespace CAROLI/EiJ textual definition CAROLI was derived from wild mice trapped in Thailand and is from the species Mus caroli, which is distantly related to laboratory mice and does not breed with laboratory mice. These mice are characterized by black feet. This wild derived mouse strain is genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a number of complex phenotypic characteristics and is a valuable tool for sequence comparison, evolution and systematics research. +WARN annotation_whitespace has_exact_synonym textual definition An alternative label for a given entity such as a commonly used abbreviation or synonym. +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Xenopus has_exact_synonym Xenopus +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Xenopus has_exact_synonym Xenopus +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IVB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IVB (FIGO) alternative term Stage IVB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IVA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IVA (FIGO) alternative term Stage IVA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IIIB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIIB (FIGO) alternative term Stage IIIB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IIIA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIIA (FIGO) alternative term Stage IIIA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IIB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIB (FIGO) alternative term Stage IIB +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) alternative term Stage IIA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Stage IIA (FIGO) alternative term Stage IIA +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition alternative term pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition alternative term pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym mass volume percentage alternative term percent vol per vol +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym volume percentage alternative term percent vol per vol +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Mus has_exact_synonym mouse +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Mus musculus has_exact_synonym mouse +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Platyrrhini has_exact_synonym monkeys +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Cercopithecidae has_exact_synonym monkeys +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Platyrrhini has_exact_synonym monkey +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Cercopithecidae has_exact_synonym monkey +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G4: Undifferentiated alternative term G4 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G4 (WHO) alternative term G4 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G3: Poorly differentiated alternative term G3 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G3 (WHO) alternative term G3 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G2: Moderately differentiated alternative term G2 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G2 (WHO) alternative term G2 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G1: Well differentiated alternative term G1 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym G1 (WHO) alternative term G1 +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Drosophila has_exact_synonym fruit fly +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Drosophila melanogaster has_exact_synonym fruit fly +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Myxini has_exact_synonym fishes +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Chondrichthyes has_exact_synonym fishes +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Dipnomorpha has_exact_synonym fishes +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Actinopterygii has_exact_synonym fishes +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Myxini has_exact_synonym fish +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Chondrichthyes has_exact_synonym fish +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Dipnomorpha has_exact_synonym fish +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym Actinopterygii has_exact_synonym fish +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym behavior has_exact_synonym behaviour +WARN duplicate_exact_synonym behavior process has_exact_synonym behaviour +WARN duplicate_label_synonym specifically dependent continuant has_exact_synonym specifically dependent continuant +WARN duplicate_label_synonym part_of alternative term part_of +WARN duplicate_label_synonym part_of has_exact_synonym part of +WARN duplicate_label_synonym has_part alternative term has_part +WARN duplicate_label_synonym electron has_exact_synonym electron +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carbamate has_exact_synonym carbamate +WARN duplicate_label_synonym hydron has_exact_synonym hydron +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ammonia has_exact_synonym ammonia +WARN duplicate_label_synonym acyl group has_exact_synonym acyl group +WARN duplicate_label_synonym anion has_exact_synonym anion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym base has_exact_synonym base +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carbonyl group has_exact_synonym carbonyl group +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cofactor has_exact_synonym cofactor +WARN duplicate_label_synonym molecular entity has_exact_synonym molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym enzyme inhibitor has_exact_synonym enzyme inhibitor +WARN duplicate_label_synonym chemical entity has_exact_synonym chemical entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym group has_exact_synonym group +WARN duplicate_label_synonym halogen has_exact_synonym halogen +WARN duplicate_label_synonym proton has_exact_synonym proton +WARN duplicate_label_synonym oxoacid has_exact_synonym oxoacid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ion has_exact_synonym ion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym metabolite has_exact_synonym metabolite +WARN duplicate_label_synonym molecule has_exact_synonym molecule +WARN duplicate_label_synonym oxide has_exact_synonym oxide +WARN duplicate_label_synonym oxygen molecular entity has_exact_synonym oxygen molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym zwitterion has_exact_synonym zwitterion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym tungsten has_exact_synonym tungsten +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carbamic acid has_exact_synonym carbamic acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ammonium has_exact_synonym ammonium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym azanide has_exact_synonym azanide +WARN duplicate_label_synonym hydridonitrate(2-) has_exact_synonym hydridonitrate(2-) +WARN duplicate_label_synonym photon has_exact_synonym photon +WARN duplicate_label_synonym alpha-particle has_exact_synonym alpha-particle +WARN duplicate_label_synonym neutron has_exact_synonym neutron +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thallium has_exact_synonym thallium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym amide has_exact_synonym amide +WARN duplicate_label_synonym organyl group has_exact_synonym organyl group +WARN duplicate_label_synonym atom has_exact_synonym atom +WARN duplicate_label_synonym nucleon has_exact_synonym nucleon +WARN duplicate_label_synonym primary amide has_exact_synonym primary amide +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pnictogen molecular entity has_exact_synonym pnictogen molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym chalcogen has_exact_synonym chalcogen +WARN duplicate_label_synonym chalcogen molecular entity has_exact_synonym chalcogen molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym helium(2+) has_exact_synonym helium(2+) +WARN duplicate_label_synonym palladium has_exact_synonym palladium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym platinum has_exact_synonym platinum +WARN duplicate_label_synonym darmstadtium has_exact_synonym darmstadtium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cerium has_exact_synonym cerium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym technetium-99 has_exact_synonym technetium-99 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym erbium has_exact_synonym erbium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ytterbium has_exact_synonym ytterbium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thorium has_exact_synonym thorium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym fermium has_exact_synonym fermium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym nobelium has_exact_synonym nobelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym alpha-amino-acid anion has_exact_synonym alpha-amino-acid anion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carboxylic acid has_exact_synonym carboxylic acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carbon group molecular entity has_exact_synonym carbon group molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym noble gas molecular entity has_exact_synonym noble gas molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym s-block molecular entity has_exact_synonym s-block molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym helium molecular entity has_exact_synonym helium molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ribonucleic acid has_exact_synonym ribonucleic acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym alpha-amino acid has_exact_synonym alpha-amino acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym amino-acid residue has_exact_synonym amino-acid residue +WARN duplicate_label_synonym macromolecule has_exact_synonym macromolecule +WARN duplicate_label_synonym reagent has_exact_synonym reagent +WARN duplicate_label_synonym azane has_exact_synonym azane +WARN duplicate_label_synonym inhibitor has_exact_synonym inhibitor +WARN duplicate_label_synonym amino acid zwitterion has_exact_synonym amino acid zwitterion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym oxoanion has_exact_synonym oxoanion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pnictogen hydride has_exact_synonym pnictogen hydride +WARN duplicate_label_synonym fermion has_exact_synonym fermion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym boson has_exact_synonym boson +WARN duplicate_label_synonym nuclear particle has_exact_synonym nuclear particle +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pi meson has_exact_synonym pi meson +WARN duplicate_label_synonym muon has_exact_synonym muon +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cation has_exact_synonym cation +WARN duplicate_label_synonym carbon-13 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-13 atom +WARN duplicate_label_synonym organochalcogen compound has_exact_synonym organochalcogen compound +WARN duplicate_label_synonym organooxygen compound has_exact_synonym organooxygen compound +WARN duplicate_label_synonym amino-acid anion has_exact_synonym amino-acid anion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym acid has_exact_synonym acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym heteroatomic molecular entity has_exact_synonym heteroatomic molecular entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thallium-203 has_exact_synonym thallium-203 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thallium-205 has_exact_synonym thallium-205 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thallium-201 has_exact_synonym thallium-201 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thallium-199 has_exact_synonym thallium-199 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym Bronsted acid has_exact_synonym Bronsted acid +WARN duplicate_label_synonym Bronsted base has_exact_synonym Bronsted base +WARN duplicate_label_synonym Lewis base has_exact_synonym Lewis base +WARN duplicate_label_synonym hydroxy group has_exact_synonym hydroxy group +WARN duplicate_label_synonym chromium-51 has_exact_synonym chromium-51 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym tungsten-183 has_exact_synonym tungsten-183 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cadmium-111 has_exact_synonym cadmium-111 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cadmium-113 has_exact_synonym cadmium-113 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym molybdenum-95 has_exact_synonym molybdenum-95 +WARN duplicate_label_synonym dosimeter has_exact_synonym dosimeter +WARN duplicate_label_synonym myocyte of sinoatrial node has_exact_synonym myocyte of sinoatrial node +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ocean has_exact_synonym ocean +WARN duplicate_label_synonym sea has_exact_synonym sea +WARN duplicate_label_synonym building has_exact_synonym building +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ocean current has_exact_synonym ocean current +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cellular_component has_exact_synonym cellular component +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cellular_component has_exact_synonym cellular_component +WARN duplicate_label_synonym nucleus has_exact_synonym nucleus +WARN duplicate_label_synonym behavior has_exact_synonym behavior +WARN duplicate_label_synonym biological_process has_exact_synonym biological process +WARN duplicate_label_synonym biological_process has_exact_synonym biological_process +WARN duplicate_label_synonym mastication has_exact_synonym mastication +WARN duplicate_label_synonym information content entity has_exact_synonym information content entity +WARN duplicate_label_synonym plan specification has_exact_synonym plan specification +WARN duplicate_label_synonym chewing has_exact_synonym chewing +WARN duplicate_label_synonym actinium has_exact_synonym actinium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym americium has_exact_synonym americium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym californium has_exact_synonym californium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym neptunium has_exact_synonym neptunium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym plutonium has_exact_synonym plutonium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thorium has_exact_synonym thorium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym uranium has_exact_synonym uranium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym biological process has_exact_synonym biological process +WARN duplicate_label_synonym charged particle alternative term charged particle +WARN duplicate_label_synonym inheres in part of alternative term inheres in part of +WARN duplicate_label_synonym sympathetic nervous system has_exact_synonym sympathetic nervous system +WARN duplicate_label_synonym endocrine pancreas has_exact_synonym endocrine pancreas +WARN duplicate_label_synonym exocrine pancreas has_exact_synonym exocrine pancreas +WARN duplicate_label_synonym life cycle stage has_exact_synonym life cycle stage +WARN duplicate_label_synonym anal canal has_exact_synonym anal canal +WARN duplicate_label_synonym colonic mucosa has_exact_synonym colonic mucosa +WARN duplicate_label_synonym organism substance has_exact_synonym organism substance +WARN duplicate_label_synonym simple columnar epithelium has_exact_synonym simple columnar epithelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym endocrine system has_exact_synonym endocrine system +WARN duplicate_label_synonym respiratory system has_exact_synonym respiratory system +WARN duplicate_label_synonym musculature has_exact_synonym musculature +WARN duplicate_label_synonym posterior vena cava has_exact_synonym posterior vena cava +WARN duplicate_label_synonym orbit of skull has_exact_synonym orbit of skull +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cranial ganglion has_exact_synonym cranial ganglion +WARN duplicate_label_synonym uvea has_exact_synonym uvea +WARN duplicate_label_synonym rhombomere has_exact_synonym rhombomere +WARN duplicate_label_synonym terminal bronchiole epithelium has_exact_synonym terminal bronchiole epithelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym submucosa of esophagus has_exact_synonym submucosa of esophagus +WARN duplicate_label_synonym gray matter has_exact_synonym gray matter +WARN duplicate_label_synonym right cardiac atrium has_exact_synonym right cardiac atrium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym left cardiac atrium has_exact_synonym left cardiac atrium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym appendicular skeleton has_exact_synonym appendicular skeleton +WARN duplicate_label_synonym small intestine has_exact_synonym small intestine +WARN duplicate_label_synonym artery smooth muscle tissue has_exact_synonym artery smooth muscle tissue +WARN duplicate_label_synonym gray matter of spinal cord has_exact_synonym gray matter of spinal cord +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cartilage tissue has_exact_synonym cartilage tissue +WARN duplicate_label_synonym esophagus mucosa has_exact_synonym esophagus mucosa +WARN duplicate_label_synonym iris epithelium has_exact_synonym iris epithelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cervical spinal cord has_exact_synonym cervical spinal cord +WARN duplicate_label_synonym trigeminal nucleus has_exact_synonym trigeminal nucleus +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thoracic spinal cord has_exact_synonym thoracic spinal cord +WARN duplicate_label_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of eye has_exact_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of eye +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum has_exact_synonym cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum +WARN duplicate_label_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx has_exact_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx +WARN duplicate_label_synonym gland of digestive tract has_exact_synonym gland of digestive tract +WARN duplicate_label_synonym facial bone has_exact_synonym facial bone +WARN duplicate_label_synonym mouth mucosa has_exact_synonym mouth mucosa +WARN duplicate_label_synonym mesencephalic neural crest has_exact_synonym mesencephalic neural crest +WARN duplicate_label_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of trunk has_exact_synonym skeletal muscle tissue of trunk +WARN duplicate_label_synonym reproductive gland has_exact_synonym reproductive gland +WARN duplicate_label_synonym germinal neuroepithelium has_exact_synonym germinal neuroepithelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym biliary ductule has_exact_synonym biliary ductule +WARN duplicate_label_synonym primary heart field has_exact_synonym primary heart field +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cardiac vein has_exact_synonym cardiac vein +WARN duplicate_label_synonym internal genitalia has_exact_synonym internal genitalia +WARN duplicate_label_synonym external genitalia has_exact_synonym external genitalia +WARN duplicate_label_synonym paired limb/fin bud has_exact_synonym paired limb/fin bud +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pharyngeal arch artery has_exact_synonym pharyngeal arch artery +WARN duplicate_label_synonym anterior limiting lamina of cornea has_exact_synonym anterior limiting lamina of cornea +WARN duplicate_label_synonym raphe nuclei has_exact_synonym raphe nuclei +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pelvic appendage has_exact_synonym pelvic appendage +WARN duplicate_label_synonym neuromere has_exact_synonym neuromere +WARN duplicate_label_synonym gland of anal canal has_exact_synonym gland of anal canal +WARN duplicate_label_synonym parenchyma of central nervous system has_exact_synonym parenchyma of central nervous system +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cervical region has_exact_synonym cervical region +WARN duplicate_label_synonym primitive heart tube has_exact_synonym primitive heart tube +WARN duplicate_label_synonym paired limb/fin field has_exact_synonym paired limb/fin field +WARN duplicate_label_synonym head mesenchyme from mesoderm has_exact_synonym head mesenchyme from mesoderm +WARN duplicate_label_synonym lumen of digestive tract has_exact_synonym lumen of digestive tract +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ovary stroma has_exact_synonym ovary stroma +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pancreatic lobule has_exact_synonym pancreatic lobule +WARN duplicate_label_synonym anatomical junction has_exact_synonym anatomical junction +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pelvic girdle skeleton has_exact_synonym pelvic girdle skeleton +WARN duplicate_label_synonym ciliary processes has_exact_synonym ciliary processes +WARN duplicate_label_synonym facial skeleton has_exact_synonym facial skeleton +WARN duplicate_label_synonym bronchial lumen has_exact_synonym bronchial lumen +WARN duplicate_label_synonym hematopoietic tissue has_exact_synonym hematopoietic tissue +WARN duplicate_label_synonym foramen of skull has_exact_synonym foramen of skull +WARN duplicate_label_synonym arterial blood has_exact_synonym arterial blood +WARN duplicate_label_synonym venous blood has_exact_synonym venous blood +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thoracic skeleton has_exact_synonym thoracic skeleton +WARN duplicate_label_synonym cervical spinal cord gray matter has_exact_synonym cervical spinal cord gray matter +WARN duplicate_label_synonym thoracic spinal cord gray matter has_exact_synonym thoracic spinal cord gray matter +WARN duplicate_label_synonym right crus of diaphragm has_exact_synonym right crus of diaphragm +WARN duplicate_label_synonym left crus of diaphragm has_exact_synonym left crus of diaphragm +WARN duplicate_label_synonym anal canal epithelium has_exact_synonym anal canal epithelium +WARN duplicate_label_synonym abdominal viscera has_exact_synonym abdominal viscera +WARN duplicate_label_synonym lung field has_exact_synonym lung field +WARN duplicate_label_synonym fraction alternative term fraction +WARN duplicate_label_synonym pH has_exact_synonym pH +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iron atom has_exact_synonym iron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iron atom has_related_synonym iron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym manganese atom has_exact_synonym manganese +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym manganese atom has_related_synonym manganese +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bromine atom has_exact_synonym bromine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bromine atom has_related_synonym bromine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cadmium atom has_exact_synonym cadmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cadmium atom has_related_synonym cadmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym calcium atom has_exact_synonym calcium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym calcium atom has_related_synonym calcium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym chlorine atom has_exact_synonym chlorine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym chlorine atom has_related_synonym chlorine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine atom has_exact_synonym fluorine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine atom has_related_synonym fluorine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine atom has_exact_synonym iodine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine atom has_related_synonym iodine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lead atom has_exact_synonym lead +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lead atom has_related_synonym lead +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym magnesium atom has_exact_synonym magnesium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym magnesium atom has_related_synonym magnesium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mercury atom has_exact_synonym mercury +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mercury atom has_related_synonym mercury +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen atom has_related_synonym nitrogen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nonmetal atom has_exact_synonym nonmetal +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nonmetal atom has_related_synonym nonmetal +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen atom has_exact_synonym oxygen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen atom has_related_synonym oxygen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym potassium atom has_exact_synonym potassium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym potassium atom has_related_synonym potassium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sodium atom has_exact_synonym sodium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sodium atom has_related_synonym sodium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur atom has_exact_synonym sulfur +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur atom has_related_synonym sulfur +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin atom has_exact_synonym tin +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin atom has_related_synonym tin +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym transition element atom has_exact_synonym transition element +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym transition element atom has_related_synonym transition element +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym uranium atom has_exact_synonym uranium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym uranium atom has_related_synonym uranium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zinc atom has_exact_synonym zinc +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zinc atom has_related_synonym zinc +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym boron atom has_exact_synonym boron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym boron atom has_related_synonym boron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym arsenic atom has_exact_synonym arsenic +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym arsenic atom has_related_synonym arsenic +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym selenium atom has_exact_synonym selenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym selenium atom has_related_synonym selenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon atom has_exact_synonym silicon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon atom has_related_synonym silicon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon atom has_exact_synonym carbon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon atom has_related_synonym carbon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cobalt atom has_exact_synonym cobalt +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cobalt atom has_related_synonym cobalt +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym vanadium atom has_exact_synonym vanadium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym vanadium atom has_related_synonym vanadium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym chromium atom has_exact_synonym chromium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym chromium atom has_related_synonym chromium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nickel atom has_exact_synonym nickel +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nickel atom has_related_synonym nickel +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus atom has_exact_synonym phosphorus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus atom has_related_synonym phosphorus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym molybdenum atom has_exact_synonym molybdenum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym molybdenum atom has_related_synonym molybdenum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym copper atom has_exact_synonym copper +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym copper atom has_related_synonym copper +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium atom has_exact_synonym aluminium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium atom has_related_synonym aluminium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym protium atom has_exact_synonym protium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym protium atom has_related_synonym protium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym deuterium atom has_exact_synonym deuterium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym deuterium atom has_related_synonym deuterium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tritium atom has_exact_synonym tritium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tritium atom has_related_synonym tritium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gold atom has_exact_synonym gold +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gold atom has_related_synonym gold +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium atom has_exact_synonym lithium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium atom has_related_synonym lithium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium atom has_exact_synonym helium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium atom has_related_synonym helium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-3 atom has_exact_synonym helium-3 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-3 atom has_related_synonym helium-3 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-4 atom has_exact_synonym helium-4 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-4 atom has_related_synonym helium-4 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym astatine atom has_exact_synonym astatine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym astatine atom has_related_synonym astatine +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym indium atom has_exact_synonym indium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym indium atom has_related_synonym indium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym germanium atom has_exact_synonym germanium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym germanium atom has_related_synonym germanium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tellurium atom has_exact_synonym tellurium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tellurium atom has_related_synonym tellurium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym beryllium atom has_exact_synonym beryllium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym beryllium atom has_related_synonym beryllium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silver atom has_exact_synonym silver +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silver atom has_related_synonym silver +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony atom has_exact_synonym antimony +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony atom has_related_synonym antimony +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym caesium atom has_exact_synonym caesium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym caesium atom has_related_synonym caesium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ruthenium atom has_exact_synonym ruthenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ruthenium atom has_related_synonym ruthenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym osmium atom has_exact_synonym osmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym osmium atom has_related_synonym osmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym barium atom has_exact_synonym barium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym barium atom has_related_synonym barium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym europium atom has_exact_synonym europium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym europium atom has_related_synonym europium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_exact_synonym atome +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_exact_synonym atomo +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_exact_synonym atoms +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_exact_synonym atomus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_exact_synonym elements +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_related_synonym atome +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_related_synonym atomo +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_related_synonym atoms +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_related_synonym atomus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym atom has_related_synonym elements +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bismuth atom has_exact_synonym bismuth +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bismuth atom has_related_synonym bismuth +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym noble gas atom has_exact_synonym noble gas +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym noble gas atom has_related_synonym noble gas +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neon atom has_exact_synonym neon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neon atom has_related_synonym neon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium atom has_exact_synonym polonium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium atom has_related_synonym polonium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon atom has_exact_synonym radon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon atom has_related_synonym radon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rubidium atom has_exact_synonym rubidium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rubidium atom has_related_synonym rubidium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym francium atom has_exact_synonym francium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym francium atom has_related_synonym francium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym strontium atom has_exact_synonym strontium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym strontium atom has_related_synonym strontium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radium atom has_exact_synonym radium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radium atom has_related_synonym radium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym scandium atom has_exact_synonym scandium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym scandium atom has_related_synonym scandium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym yttrium atom has_exact_synonym yttrium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym yttrium atom has_related_synonym yttrium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lanthanum atom has_exact_synonym lanthanum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lanthanum atom has_related_synonym lanthanum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym actinium atom has_exact_synonym actinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym actinium atom has_related_synonym actinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym titanium atom has_exact_synonym titanium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym titanium atom has_related_synonym titanium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zirconium atom has_exact_synonym zirconium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zirconium atom has_related_synonym zirconium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hafnium atom has_exact_synonym hafnium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hafnium atom has_related_synonym hafnium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym niobium atom has_exact_synonym niobium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym niobium atom has_related_synonym niobium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rutherfordium atom has_exact_synonym rutherfordium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rutherfordium atom has_related_synonym rutherfordium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tantalum atom has_exact_synonym tantalum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tantalum atom has_related_synonym tantalum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dubnium atom has_exact_synonym dubnium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dubnium atom has_related_synonym dubnium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym seaborgium atom has_exact_synonym seaborgium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym seaborgium atom has_related_synonym seaborgium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym technetium atom has_exact_synonym technetium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym technetium atom has_related_synonym technetium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bohrium atom has_exact_synonym bohrium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym bohrium atom has_related_synonym bohrium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hassium atom has_exact_synonym hassium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hassium atom has_related_synonym hassium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rhodium atom has_exact_synonym rhodium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rhodium atom has_related_synonym rhodium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym meitnerium atom has_exact_synonym meitnerium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym meitnerium atom has_related_synonym meitnerium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym roentgenium atom has_exact_synonym roentgenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym roentgenium atom has_related_synonym roentgenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neodymium atom has_exact_synonym neodymium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neodymium atom has_related_synonym neodymium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym promethium atom has_exact_synonym promethium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym promethium atom has_related_synonym promethium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym samarium atom has_exact_synonym samarium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym samarium atom has_related_synonym samarium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gadolinium atom has_exact_synonym gadolinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gadolinium atom has_related_synonym gadolinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym terbium atom has_exact_synonym terbium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym terbium atom has_related_synonym terbium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dysprosium atom has_exact_synonym dysprosium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dysprosium atom has_related_synonym dysprosium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym thulium atom has_exact_synonym thulium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym thulium atom has_related_synonym thulium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lutetium atom has_exact_synonym lutetium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lutetium atom has_related_synonym lutetium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym protactinium atom has_exact_synonym protactinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym protactinium atom has_related_synonym protactinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neptunium atom has_exact_synonym neptunium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym neptunium atom has_related_synonym neptunium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym plutonium atom has_exact_synonym plutonium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym plutonium atom has_related_synonym plutonium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym americium atom has_exact_synonym americium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym americium atom has_related_synonym americium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym curium atom has_exact_synonym curium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym curium atom has_related_synonym curium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym berkelium atom has_exact_synonym berkelium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym berkelium atom has_related_synonym berkelium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym californium atom has_exact_synonym californium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym californium atom has_related_synonym californium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym einsteinium atom has_exact_synonym einsteinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym einsteinium atom has_related_synonym einsteinium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mendelevium atom has_exact_synonym mendelevium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mendelevium atom has_related_synonym mendelevium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lawrencium atom has_exact_synonym lawrencium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lawrencium atom has_related_synonym lawrencium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-220 atom has_exact_synonym radon-220 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-220 atom has_related_synonym radon-220 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-222 atom has_exact_synonym radon-222 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-222 atom has_related_synonym radon-222 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-219 atom has_exact_synonym radon-219 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym radon-219 atom has_related_synonym radon-219 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ribonucleic acid has_exact_synonym ribonucleic acids +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ribonucleic acid has_related_synonym ribonucleic acids +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym amino-acid residue has_exact_synonym amino acid residue +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym amino-acid residue has_related_synonym amino acid residue +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-18 atom has_exact_synonym oxygen-18 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-18 atom has_related_synonym oxygen-18 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-16 atom has_exact_synonym oxygen-16 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-16 atom has_related_synonym oxygen-16 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-17 atom has_exact_synonym oxygen-17 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-17 atom has_related_synonym oxygen-17 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-14 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-14 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-14 atom has_related_synonym carbon-14 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-13 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-13 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-13 atom has_related_synonym carbon-13 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-11 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-11 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-11 atom has_related_synonym carbon-11 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-10 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-10 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-10 atom has_related_synonym carbon-10 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-12 atom has_exact_synonym carbon-12 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carbon-12 atom has_related_synonym carbon-12 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-15 atom has_exact_synonym oxygen-15 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-15 atom has_related_synonym oxygen-15 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-19 atom has_exact_synonym oxygen-19 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym oxygen-19 atom has_related_synonym oxygen-19 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-15 atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen-15 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-15 atom has_related_synonym nitrogen-15 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-13 atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen-13 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-13 atom has_related_synonym nitrogen-13 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-16 atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen-16 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-16 atom has_related_synonym nitrogen-16 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-17 atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen-17 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-17 atom has_related_synonym nitrogen-17 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-14 atom has_exact_synonym nitrogen-14 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym nitrogen-14 atom has_related_synonym nitrogen-14 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine-18 atom has_exact_synonym fluorine-18 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine-18 atom has_related_synonym fluorine-18 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine-19 atom has_exact_synonym fluorine-19 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym fluorine-19 atom has_related_synonym fluorine-19 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-6 atom has_exact_synonym helium-6 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-6 atom has_related_synonym helium-6 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-8 atom has_exact_synonym helium-8 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym helium-8 atom has_related_synonym helium-8 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-210 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-210 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-210 atom has_related_synonym polonium-210 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-211 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-211 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-211 atom has_related_synonym polonium-211 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-212 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-212 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-212 atom has_related_synonym polonium-212 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-213 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-213 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-213 atom has_related_synonym polonium-213 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-214 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-214 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-214 atom has_related_synonym polonium-214 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-215 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-215 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-215 atom has_related_synonym polonium-215 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-216 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-216 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-216 atom has_related_synonym polonium-216 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-217 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-217 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-217 atom has_related_synonym polonium-217 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-218 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-218 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-218 atom has_related_synonym polonium-218 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-190 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-190 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-190 atom has_related_synonym polonium-190 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-191 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-191 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-191 atom has_related_synonym polonium-191 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-192 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-192 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-192 atom has_related_synonym polonium-192 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-193 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-193 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-193 atom has_related_synonym polonium-193 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-194 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-194 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-194 atom has_related_synonym polonium-194 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-195 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-195 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-195 atom has_related_synonym polonium-195 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-196 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-196 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-196 atom has_related_synonym polonium-196 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-197 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-197 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-197 atom has_related_synonym polonium-197 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-198 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-198 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-198 atom has_related_synonym polonium-198 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-199 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-199 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-199 atom has_related_synonym polonium-199 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-200 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-200 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-200 atom has_related_synonym polonium-200 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-201 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-201 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-201 atom has_related_synonym polonium-201 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-202 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-202 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-202 atom has_related_synonym polonium-202 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-203 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-203 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-203 atom has_related_synonym polonium-203 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-204 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-204 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-204 atom has_related_synonym polonium-204 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-205 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-205 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-205 atom has_related_synonym polonium-205 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-206 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-206 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-206 atom has_related_synonym polonium-206 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-207 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-207 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-207 atom has_related_synonym polonium-207 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-208 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-208 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-208 atom has_related_synonym polonium-208 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-209 atom has_exact_synonym polonium-209 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym polonium-209 atom has_related_synonym polonium-209 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carboxamide has_exact_synonym carboxamides +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym carboxamide has_related_synonym carboxamides +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-27 atom has_exact_synonym aluminium-27 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-27 atom has_related_synonym aluminium-27 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-26 atom has_exact_synonym aluminium-26 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-26 atom has_related_synonym aluminium-26 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-28 atom has_exact_synonym aluminium-28 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym aluminium-28 atom has_related_synonym aluminium-28 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-31 atom has_exact_synonym phosphorus-31 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-31 atom has_related_synonym phosphorus-31 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-32 atom has_exact_synonym phosphorus-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-32 atom has_related_synonym phosphorus-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-33 atom has_exact_synonym phosphorus-33 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym phosphorus-33 atom has_related_synonym phosphorus-33 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-29 atom has_exact_synonym silicon-29 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-29 atom has_related_synonym silicon-29 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-28 atom has_exact_synonym silicon-28 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-28 atom has_related_synonym silicon-28 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-30 atom has_exact_synonym silicon-30 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-30 atom has_related_synonym silicon-30 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-31 atom has_exact_synonym silicon-31 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-31 atom has_related_synonym silicon-31 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-32 atom has_exact_synonym silicon-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym silicon-32 atom has_related_synonym silicon-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-32 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-32 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-32 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-33 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-33 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-33 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-33 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-34 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-34 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-34 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-34 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-36 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-36 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-36 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-36 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-35 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-35 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-35 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-35 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-37 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-37 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-37 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-37 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-38 atom has_exact_synonym sulfur-38 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sulfur-38 atom has_related_synonym sulfur-38 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym argon atom has_exact_synonym argon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym argon atom has_related_synonym argon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gallium atom has_exact_synonym gallium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym gallium atom has_related_synonym gallium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hydrogen atom has_exact_synonym hydrogen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym hydrogen atom has_related_synonym hydrogen +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym holmium atom has_exact_synonym holmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym holmium atom has_related_synonym holmium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iridium atom has_exact_synonym iridium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iridium atom has_related_synonym iridium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym krypton atom has_exact_synonym krypton +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym krypton atom has_related_synonym krypton +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym praseodymium atom has_exact_synonym praseodymium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym praseodymium atom has_related_synonym praseodymium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rhenium atom has_exact_synonym rhenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rhenium atom has_related_synonym rhenium +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym xenon atom has_exact_synonym xenon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym xenon atom has_related_synonym xenon +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym onium cation has_exact_synonym onium cations +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym onium cation has_related_synonym onium cations +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-119 atom has_exact_synonym tin-119 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-119 atom has_related_synonym tin-119 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-120 atom has_exact_synonym tin-120 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-120 atom has_related_synonym tin-120 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-118 atom has_exact_synonym tin-118 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-118 atom has_related_synonym tin-118 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-116 atom has_exact_synonym tin-116 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-116 atom has_related_synonym tin-116 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-117 atom has_exact_synonym tin-117 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-117 atom has_related_synonym tin-117 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-115 atom has_exact_synonym tin-115 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tin-115 atom has_related_synonym tin-115 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tellurium-125 atom has_exact_synonym tellurium-125 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym tellurium-125 atom has_related_synonym tellurium-125 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym xenon-129 atom has_exact_synonym xenon-129 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym xenon-129 atom has_related_synonym xenon-129 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium-7 atom has_exact_synonym lithium-7 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium-7 atom has_related_synonym lithium-7 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rubidium-87 atom has_exact_synonym rubidium-87 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym rubidium-87 atom has_related_synonym rubidium-87 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym niobium-93 atom has_exact_synonym niobium-93 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym niobium-93 atom has_related_synonym niobium-93 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium-6 atom has_exact_synonym lithium-6 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lithium-6 atom has_related_synonym lithium-6 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym yttrium-89 atom has_exact_synonym yttrium-89 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym yttrium-89 atom has_related_synonym yttrium-89 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony-121 atom has_exact_synonym antimony-121 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony-121 atom has_related_synonym antimony-121 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony-123 atom has_exact_synonym antimony-123 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym antimony-123 atom has_related_synonym antimony-123 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lanthanum-139 atom has_exact_synonym lanthanum-139 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym lanthanum-139 atom has_related_synonym lanthanum-139 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine-127 atom has_exact_synonym iodine-127 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine-127 atom has_related_synonym iodine-127 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym potassium-39 atom has_exact_synonym potassium-39 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym potassium-39 atom has_related_synonym potassium-39 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sodium-23 atom has_exact_synonym sodium-23 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sodium-23 atom has_related_synonym sodium-23 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym scandium-45 atom has_exact_synonym scandium-45 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym scandium-45 atom has_related_synonym scandium-45 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine-129 atom has_exact_synonym iodine-129 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym iodine-129 atom has_related_synonym iodine-129 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym europium-151 atom has_exact_synonym europium-151 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym europium-151 atom has_related_synonym europium-151 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Euteleostomi alternative term bony vertebrates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Euteleostomi has_exact_synonym bony vertebrates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Bacteria alternative term eubacteria +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Bacteria has_exact_synonym eubacteria +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota alternative term eucaryotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota alternative term eukaryotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_exact_synonym Eucaryotae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_exact_synonym Eukarya +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_exact_synonym eucaryotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_exact_synonym eukaryotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_related_synonym Eucaryotae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_related_synonym Eukarya +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eukaryota has_related_synonym eukaryotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Phaeophyceae has_exact_synonym brown algae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Phaeophyceae has_related_synonym brown algae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Embryophyta has_exact_synonym land plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Embryophyta has_related_synonym land plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Bryophyta has_exact_synonym mosses +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Bryophyta has_related_synonym mosses +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tetrapoda alternative term tetrapods +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tetrapoda has_exact_synonym tetrapods +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Amniota alternative term amniotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Amniota has_exact_synonym amniotes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Viridiplantae has_exact_synonym green plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Viridiplantae has_related_synonym green plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Carnivora has_exact_synonym carnivores +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Carnivora has_related_synonym carnivores +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Magnoliopsida has_exact_synonym flowering plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Magnoliopsida has_related_synonym flowering plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Apoidea has_exact_synonym bees +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Apoidea has_related_synonym bees +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Papilionoidea has_exact_synonym butterflies +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Papilionoidea has_related_synonym butterflies +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Mammalia alternative term mammals +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Mammalia has_exact_synonym mammals +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Mammalia has_related_synonym mammals +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Liliopsida has_exact_synonym monocots +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Liliopsida has_related_synonym monocots +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tracheophyta has_exact_synonym vascular plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tracheophyta has_related_synonym vascular plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Spermatophyta has_exact_synonym seed plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Spermatophyta has_related_synonym seed plants +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Porifera has_exact_synonym sponges +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Porifera has_related_synonym sponges +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Cnidaria has_exact_synonym cnidarians +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Cnidaria has_related_synonym cnidarians +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Platyhelminthes has_exact_synonym flatworms +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Platyhelminthes has_related_synonym flatworms +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Nematoda has_exact_synonym nematodes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Nematoda has_related_synonym nematodes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Mollusca has_exact_synonym molluscs +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Mollusca has_related_synonym molluscs +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Arthropoda has_exact_synonym arthropods +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Arthropoda has_related_synonym arthropods +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Crustacea has_exact_synonym crustaceans +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Crustacea has_related_synonym crustaceans +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Lepidoptera has_exact_synonym moths +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Lepidoptera has_related_synonym moths +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Diptera has_exact_synonym flies +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Diptera has_related_synonym flies +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Hymenoptera has_exact_synonym hymenopterans +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Hymenoptera has_related_synonym hymenopterans +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Apocrita has_exact_synonym wasps, ants & bees +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Apocrita has_related_synonym wasps, ants & bees +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chordata has_exact_synonym chordates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chordata has_related_synonym chordates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tunicata has_exact_synonym tunicates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Tunicata has_related_synonym tunicates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Vertebrata alternative term Vertebrata +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Vertebrata alternative term vertebrates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Vertebrata has_exact_synonym Vertebrata +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Vertebrata has_exact_synonym vertebrates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Vertebrata has_related_synonym vertebrates +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chondrichthyes has_exact_synonym cartilaginous fishes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chondrichthyes has_related_synonym cartilaginous fishes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chimaeriformes has_exact_synonym chimaeras +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Chimaeriformes has_related_synonym chimaeras +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Dipnomorpha has_exact_synonym lungfishes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Dipnomorpha has_related_synonym lungfishes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Amphibia has_exact_synonym amphibians +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Amphibia has_related_synonym amphibians +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Aves has_exact_synonym birds +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Aves has_related_synonym birds +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eutheria has_exact_synonym placentals +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Eutheria has_related_synonym placentals +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Homo sapiens alternative term human +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Homo sapiens alternative term man +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Homo sapiens has_exact_synonym human +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Homo sapiens has_exact_synonym man +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym Homo sapiens has_related_synonym human +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ionizing radiation alternative term ionising radiation +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ionizing radiation has_exact_synonym ionising radiation +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym as low as reasonably achievable alternative term ALARA +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym as low as reasonably achievable has_exact_synonym ALARA +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym delta ray alternative term delta electron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym delta ray has_exact_synonym delta electron +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym linear energy transfer alternative term LET +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym linear energy transfer has_exact_synonym LET +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym relative biological effectiveness alternative term RBE +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym relative biological effectiveness has_exact_synonym RBE +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym immediately preceded by alternative term starts_at_end_of +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym immediately preceded by has_exact_synonym starts_at_end_of +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sympathetic nervous system has_exact_synonym pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sympathetic nervous system has_related_synonym pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zygote stage has_exact_synonym fertilized egg stage +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym zygote stage has_related_synonym fertilized egg stage +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym respiratory tube has_exact_synonym segment of tracheobronchial tree +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym respiratory tube oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym segment of tracheobronchial tree +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym respiratory system has_exact_synonym apparatus respiratorius +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym respiratory system has_related_synonym apparatus respiratorius +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sensory system has_exact_synonym organa sensuum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sensory system has_related_synonym organa sensuum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym intestinal villus has_exact_synonym villi intestinales +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym intestinal villus has_related_synonym villi intestinales +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym wall of intestine has_exact_synonym bowel wall +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym wall of intestine has_related_synonym bowel wall +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym portal triad has_exact_synonym trias hepatica +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym portal triad has_related_synonym trias hepatica +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pectoral girdle region has_exact_synonym cingulum membri superioris +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pectoral girdle region oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym cingulum membri superioris +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ascending aorta has_exact_synonym pars ascendens aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ascending aorta has_related_synonym pars ascendens aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym descending aorta has_exact_synonym pars descendens aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym descending aorta has_related_synonym pars descendens aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal aorta has_exact_synonym abdominal part of aorta +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal aorta has_exact_synonym pars abdominalis aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal aorta has_related_synonym abdominal part of aorta +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal aorta has_related_synonym pars abdominalis aortae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym brachiocephalic artery has_exact_synonym truncus brachiocephalicus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym brachiocephalic artery has_related_synonym truncus brachiocephalicus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym subclavian artery has_exact_synonym arteria subclavia +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym subclavian artery has_related_synonym arteria subclavia +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dilatator pupillae has_exact_synonym dilator pupillae muscle +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dilatator pupillae has_exact_synonym musculus dilatator pupillae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dilatator pupillae has_related_synonym dilator pupillae muscle +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym dilatator pupillae has_related_synonym musculus dilatator pupillae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym trigeminal nerve has_exact_synonym nervus trigeminus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym trigeminal nerve has_related_synonym nervus trigeminus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sphenoid bone has_exact_synonym os sphenoidale +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym sphenoid bone has_related_synonym os sphenoidale +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym optic choroid has_exact_synonym choroidea +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym optic choroid has_related_synonym choroidea +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym vestibulo-auditory system has_exact_synonym vestibuloauditory system +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym vestibulo-auditory system has_related_synonym vestibuloauditory system +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym endocrine gland has_exact_synonym ductless gland +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym endocrine gland has_related_synonym ductless gland +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym autonomic nervous system has_exact_synonym divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym autonomic nervous system has_related_synonym divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym esophagus mucosa has_exact_synonym tunica mucosa oesophagi +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym esophagus mucosa has_related_synonym tunica mucosa oesophagi +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pontine tegmentum has_exact_synonym tegmentum pontis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pontine tegmentum has_related_synonym tegmentum pontis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pelvic appendage bud ectoderm has_exact_synonym hindlimb ectoderm +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pelvic appendage bud ectoderm oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym hindlimb ectoderm +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal wall has_exact_synonym paries abdominalis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym abdominal wall has_related_synonym paries abdominalis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym brachiocephalic vein has_exact_synonym innominate vein +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym brachiocephalic vein has_related_synonym innominate vein +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mouth mucosa has_exact_synonym tunica mucosa oris +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym mouth mucosa has_related_synonym tunica mucosa oris +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym biliary ductule has_exact_synonym biliary ductule +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym biliary ductule has_related_synonym biliary ductule +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cardiac vein has_exact_synonym coronary vein +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym cardiac vein has_related_synonym coronary vein +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pharyngeal arch artery has_exact_synonym branchial aortic arches +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pharyngeal arch artery has_exact_synonym pharyngeal arch artery +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pharyngeal arch artery has_related_synonym branchial aortic arches +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pharyngeal arch artery has_related_synonym pharyngeal arch artery +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym interventricular septum membranous part has_exact_synonym membranous interventricular septum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym interventricular septum membranous part has_related_synonym membranous interventricular septum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym interventricular septum muscular part has_exact_synonym muscular interventricular septum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym interventricular septum muscular part has_related_synonym muscular interventricular septum +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym raphe nuclei has_exact_synonym nuclei raphes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym raphe nuclei has_related_synonym nuclei raphes +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym outflow part of right ventricle has_exact_synonym pulmonary conus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym outflow part of right ventricle has_related_synonym pulmonary conus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym muscular coat has_exact_synonym tunica muscularis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym muscular coat has_related_synonym tunica muscularis +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym corneo-scleral junction has_exact_synonym limbus corneae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym corneo-scleral junction has_related_synonym limbus corneae +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym irregular bone has_exact_synonym os irregulare +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym irregular bone has_related_synonym os irregulare +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym craniocervical region musculature has_exact_synonym head or neck muscle +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym craniocervical region musculature has_related_synonym head or neck muscle +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pyloric canal has_exact_synonym canalis pyloricus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym pyloric canal has_related_synonym canalis pyloricus +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ciliary processes has_exact_synonym processus ciliares +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym ciliary processes has_related_synonym processus ciliares +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym palatoquadrate arch has_exact_synonym dorsal visceral arch 1 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym palatoquadrate arch has_exact_synonym upper pharyngeal jaw +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym palatoquadrate arch has_related_synonym dorsal visceral arch 1 +WARN duplicate_scoped_synonym palatoquadrate arch has_related_synonym upper pharyngeal jaw +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus information representation concretizes information content entity +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus public building participates in usage of an environment for community and social services +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus regulation of behavior regulates behavior process +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus classified data set is_specified_output_of class prediction data transformation +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus material processing achieves_planned_objective material transformation objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus manufacturing achieves_planned_objective manufacturing objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus clustered data set is_specified_output_of class discovery data transformation +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus decision tree building data transformation achieves_planned_objective decision tree induction objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus statistical model validation achieves_planned_objective cross validation objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus data transformation achieves_planned_objective data transformation objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus partitioning data transformation achieves_planned_objective partitioning objective +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus particle track has quality particle track structure +WARN equivalent_class_axiom_no_genus track formation has_output particle track +WARN equivalent_pair protein owl:equivalentClass protein +WARN invalid_xref cell database_cross_reference FMA:68646 +WARN invalid_xref cell database_cross_reference "KUPO:0000002 + +" +WARN invalid_xref cell database_cross_reference VHOG:0001533 +WARN invalid_xref cell database_cross_reference XAO:0003012 +WARN missing_definition has atomic number textual definition +WARN missing_definition fiat object part textual definition +WARN missing_definition site textual definition +WARN missing_definition object textual definition +WARN missing_definition has participant textual definition +WARN missing_definition immaterial entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition anatomical entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition connected anatomical structure textual definition +WARN missing_definition material anatomical entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition biological entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbamate textual definition +WARN missing_definition 24G7 epitope textual definition +WARN missing_definition electron donor textual definition +WARN missing_definition water textual definition +WARN missing_definition dioxygen textual definition +WARN missing_definition hyaluronic acid textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon dioxide textual definition +WARN missing_definition glycan textual definition +WARN missing_definition bilirubin IXalpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition glycoprotein textual definition +WARN missing_definition dinitrogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition lipid textual definition +WARN missing_definition glycosaminoglycan textual definition +WARN missing_definition manganese atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition alkaline earth metal atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition alkali metal atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition aminoglycan textual definition +WARN missing_definition bile salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition bromine atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition cadmium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition calcium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon oxide textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbonyl group textual definition +WARN missing_definition chloride salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition chlorine atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition chlorine molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic cation textual definition +WARN missing_definition fluorine atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition halogen molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition halogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic anion textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic ion textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition iron molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition lead atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition linear tetrapyrrole textual definition +WARN missing_definition magnesium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition mercury atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition metal cation textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental molecule textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic monocation textual definition +WARN missing_definition nitrogen atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition nonmetal atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic ion textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic oxide textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic sulfate textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxygen atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxygen molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition potassium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition sodium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition sodium chloride textual definition +WARN missing_definition sodium molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition sodium salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfuric ester textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfates textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfur atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfur molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition tetrapyrrole textual definition +WARN missing_definition tin atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition uranium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition zinc atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition boron atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition arsenic atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition selenium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition silicon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition vanadium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition tungsten textual definition +WARN missing_definition phosphorus atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition molybdenum atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition copper atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition aluminium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition sodium(1+) textual definition +WARN missing_definition gold atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition azanide textual definition +WARN missing_definition lithium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition helium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition astatine atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition germanium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition tellurium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition silver atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition antimony atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition caesium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition ruthenium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition osmium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition barium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition europium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxoacid derivative textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic hydrogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental hydrogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental oxygen textual definition +WARN missing_definition diatomic oxygen textual definition +WARN missing_definition diatomic nitrogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental nitrogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition fuel textual definition +WARN missing_definition alkali metal molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition bismuth atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition noble gas atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition neon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition radon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition monoatomic helium textual definition +WARN missing_definition helium(2+) textual definition +WARN missing_definition boron group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition lanthanoid atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition actinoid atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition rare earth metal atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition rubidium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition francium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition strontium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition radium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition scandium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition yttrium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition scandium group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition lanthanum atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition actinium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition zinc group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition titanium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition zirconium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition hafnium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition niobium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition titanium group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition rutherfordium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition vanadium group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition tantalum atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition dubnium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition chromium group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition seaborgium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition manganese group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition technetium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition bohrium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition iron group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition hassium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition cobalt group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition meitnerium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition nickel group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition platinum textual definition +WARN missing_definition platinum group metal atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition copper group element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition darmstadtium textual definition +WARN missing_definition cerium textual definition +WARN missing_definition technetium-99 textual definition +WARN missing_definition neodymium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition promethium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition samarium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition gadolinium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition terbium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition dysprosium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition erbium textual definition +WARN missing_definition thulium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition ytterbium textual definition +WARN missing_definition lutetium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition thorium textual definition +WARN missing_definition protactinium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition neptunium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition plutonium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition americium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition curium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition berkelium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition californium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition einsteinium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition fermium textual definition +WARN missing_definition mendelevium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition nobelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition lawrencium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfur oxoacid derivative textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental pnictogen textual definition +WARN missing_definition radon-220 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition radon-222 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition radon-219 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition transition element molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition actinoid molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition uranium molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition alkali metal cation textual definition +WARN missing_definition s-block element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition d-block element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition f-block element atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon group molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition hydrogen molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition polycyclic compound textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic aromatic compound textual definition +WARN missing_definition d-block molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition f-block molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition helium molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental helium textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxygen hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition information biomacromolecule textual definition +WARN missing_definition proteinogenic amino-acid residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition alpha-amino-acid residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition iron group molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition copper group molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition nickel group molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition platinum molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition canonical nucleoside residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition canonical ribonucleoside residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition conjugated protein textual definition +WARN missing_definition halide salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition gold molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition nitrogen hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition fossil fuel textual definition +WARN missing_definition steroid textual definition +WARN missing_definition alkali metal salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon oxoacid textual definition +WARN missing_definition dicarboxylic acid textual definition +WARN missing_definition ester textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfated glycosaminoglycan textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbohydrate sulfate textual definition +WARN missing_definition pnictogen hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition cholanoid textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic chloride textual definition +WARN missing_definition bile acid salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition biladienes textual definition +WARN missing_definition chalcogen hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition argon molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic ion textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic cation textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon-14 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon-13 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon-11 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon-10 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbon-12 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxygen-19 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition nitrogen-16 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition nitrogen-17 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition amino-acid anion textual definition +WARN missing_definition mononuclear parent hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition elemental sodium textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-190 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-191 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-192 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-193 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-194 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-195 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-196 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-197 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-198 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-199 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-200 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-201 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-202 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition polonium-204 atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition mucopolysaccharide textual definition +WARN missing_definition halide textual definition +WARN missing_definition sulfuric acid derivative textual definition +WARN missing_definition polypyrrole textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic sodium salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic sodium salt textual definition +WARN missing_definition hydroxy group textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxo group textual definition +WARN missing_definition mineral textual definition +WARN missing_definition carboxy group textual definition +WARN missing_definition argon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition hydrogen atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition holmium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition iridium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition krypton atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition praseodymium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition rhenium atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition xenon atom textual definition +WARN missing_definition canonical nucleotide residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition canonical ribonucleotide residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition onium compound textual definition +WARN missing_definition nucleotide residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition nucleoside residue textual definition +WARN missing_definition nitrogen molecular entity textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic divalent group textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic univalent group textual definition +WARN missing_definition organic polycyclic compound textual definition +WARN missing_definition physiological role textual definition +WARN missing_definition inorganic hydroxy compound textual definition +WARN missing_definition chemical substance textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbohydrate derivative textual definition +WARN missing_definition polysaccharide derivative textual definition +WARN missing_definition exopolysaccharide textual definition +WARN missing_definition greenhouse gas textual definition +WARN missing_definition environmental contaminant textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives textual definition +WARN missing_definition neuronal receptor cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition neural crest derived neuron textual definition +WARN missing_definition branched duct epithelial cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition squamous epithelial cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition neuron associated cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) textual definition +WARN missing_definition visual pigment cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition protein secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition seromucus secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition peptide hormone secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition insulin secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition somatostatin secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition steroid hormone secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition eukaryotic cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition eye photoreceptor cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition mucus secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition extracellular matrix secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition oxygen accumulating cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition extraembryonic cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition CNS interneuron textual definition +WARN missing_definition endopolyploid cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition carbohydrate secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition biogenic amine secreting cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition primary neuron textual definition +WARN missing_definition primary sensory neuron textual definition +WARN missing_definition animal cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract textual definition +WARN missing_definition camera-type eye photoreceptor cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition cardiac myoblast textual definition +WARN missing_definition trophectodermal cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition action specification textual definition +WARN missing_definition concretizes textual definition +WARN missing_definition intended to realize textual definition +WARN missing_definition realizes textual definition +WARN missing_definition information representation textual definition +WARN missing_definition physical information carrier textual definition +WARN missing_definition has number of atomic nuclei textual definition +WARN missing_definition atherosclerosis textual definition +WARN missing_definition iris disease textual definition +WARN missing_definition liver disease textual definition +WARN missing_definition bone marrow disease textual definition +WARN missing_definition cornea cancer textual definition +WARN missing_definition geographic feature textual definition +WARN missing_definition wood textual definition +WARN missing_definition platinum mine textual definition +WARN missing_definition gold mine textual definition +WARN missing_definition coal mine textual definition +WARN missing_definition contaminated water textual definition +WARN missing_definition coal mine waste material textual definition +WARN missing_definition air conditioning unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperate savanna biome textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperate grassland biome textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperate shrubland biome textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperate woodland biome textual definition +WARN missing_definition litter layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition human house textual definition +WARN missing_definition swamp forest textual definition +WARN missing_definition needleleaf forest textual definition +WARN missing_definition sclerophyllous forest textual definition +WARN missing_definition montane forest textual definition +WARN missing_definition ceiling textual definition +WARN missing_definition atmospheric wind textual definition +WARN missing_definition water raindrop textual definition +WARN missing_definition algal material textual definition +WARN missing_definition forest canopy textual definition +WARN missing_definition gill tissue material textual definition +WARN missing_definition body of liquid textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass fluid flow textual definition +WARN missing_definition aquatic ecosystem textual definition +WARN missing_definition marine ecosystem textual definition +WARN missing_definition terrestrial ecosystem textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperate grassland textual definition +WARN missing_definition iron mine textual definition +WARN missing_definition uranium mine textual definition +WARN missing_definition uranium ore textual definition +WARN missing_definition iron ore textual definition +WARN missing_definition gold ore textual definition +WARN missing_definition platinum ore textual definition +WARN missing_definition cement dust textual definition +WARN missing_definition dust from plant parts textual definition +WARN missing_definition forest process textual definition +WARN missing_definition forest area expansion textual definition +WARN missing_definition generation of energy from coal textual definition +WARN missing_definition mixed potential and kinetic energy textual definition +WARN missing_definition wind wave energy textual definition +WARN missing_definition stellar radiation energy textual definition +WARN missing_definition coal power plant textual definition +WARN missing_definition solar power station textual definition +WARN missing_definition ocean thermal power station textual definition +WARN missing_definition tidal power plant textual definition +WARN missing_definition movement of cell or subcellular component textual definition +WARN missing_definition sarcoplasm textual definition +WARN missing_definition localization of cell textual definition +WARN missing_definition hasAncestryStatus textual definition +WARN missing_definition has measurement value textual definition +WARN missing_definition has measurement unit label textual definition +WARN missing_definition editor note textual definition +WARN missing_definition jaw movement textual definition +WARN missing_definition root textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cricetinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mesocricetus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Muridae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mus caroli textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mus musculus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mus spretus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rattus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Viruses textual definition +WARN missing_definition Obtectomera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricus terrestris complex textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricus rubellus complex textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sedentaria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Canalipalpata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenoturbellida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenoturbella textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sarsostraca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Phyllopoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Anomopoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eubrachyura textual definition +WARN missing_definition Heterotremata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Myxini textual definition +WARN missing_definition Teleostomi textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euteleostomi textual definition +WARN missing_definition Chromadorea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ecdysozoa textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lophotrochozoa textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neoteleostei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eurypterygia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ctenosquamata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acanthomorphata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euacanthomorphacea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenserinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenserini textual definition +WARN missing_definition Streptophytina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenacoelomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition cellular organisms textual definition +WARN missing_definition Archelosauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Dipnotetrapodomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Boreoeutheria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acrogymnospermae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mesangiospermae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Petrosaviidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pinales textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acoelomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomycotina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizosaccharomycetes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cyclostomata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Osteoglossocephalai textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euteleosteomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Percomorphaceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Carangaria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eupercaria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenoturbellidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Galloanserae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eisenia andrei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenseroidei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Actinopteri textual definition +WARN missing_definition Clupeocephala textual definition +WARN missing_definition Otophysi textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cypriniphysae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Otomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Myomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Enchytraeida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pancrustacea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mandibulata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bacteria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Homininae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Archaea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Multicrustacea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hirudinida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rhabditina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rhabditomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Discoba textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenopus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ochrophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Spiralia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sar textual definition +WARN missing_definition Danionidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Danioninae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eukaryota textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bovinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Crassiclitellata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Conifers I textual definition +WARN missing_definition Phaeophyceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Oryzomys textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cancroidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pipoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ranoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cyprinoidei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pleuronectoidei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tetraodontiformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tetraodontoidei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tetraodontidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Takifugu textual definition +WARN missing_definition Takifugu rubripes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Laurasiatheria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euarchontoglires textual definition +WARN missing_definition Glires textual definition +WARN missing_definition Simiiformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cercopithecoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hominoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Embryophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bryophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sophophora textual definition +WARN missing_definition melanogaster group textual definition +WARN missing_definition melanogaster subgroup textual definition +WARN missing_definition Chondrostei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Teleostei textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tetradontoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ostariophysi textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tetrapoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Amniota textual definition +WARN missing_definition Theria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Viridiplantae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pinidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Opisthokonta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pinaceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Metazoa textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bilateria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Protostomia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neoptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Endopterygota textual definition +WARN missing_definition Deuterostomia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Carnivora textual definition +WARN missing_definition Alveolata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Stramenopiles textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euglenozoa textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cricetidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Muroidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Felinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Magnoliopsida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizosaccharomycetales textual definition +WARN missing_definition Apoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Streptophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Suina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pecora textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ditrysia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Papilionoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Haplorrhini textual definition +WARN missing_definition Feliformia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Caniformia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Artemiidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Glaucocystophyceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Poales textual definition +WARN missing_definition Murinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sigmodontinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mammalia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Glossata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neolepidoptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Heteroneura textual definition +WARN missing_definition Siboglinidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neopterygii textual definition +WARN missing_definition Batrachia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Protacanthopterygii textual definition +WARN missing_definition Clitellata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Dinosauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saurischia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Theropoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Coelurosauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Muscomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizophora textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acalyptratae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ephydroidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Drosophilinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Liliopsida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Poaceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Dikarya textual definition +WARN missing_definition Taphrinomycotina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Drosophilini textual definition +WARN missing_definition commelinids textual definition +WARN missing_definition Fungi textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cyclorrhapha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eremoneura textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ascomycota textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomycetes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomycetales textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomycetaceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizosaccharomycetaceae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizosaccharomyces textual definition +WARN missing_definition Schizosaccharomyces pombe textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomyces textual definition +WARN missing_definition Saccharomyces cerevisiae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Salmoninae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Insecta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hirudinea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rhabditoidea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Peloderinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition PX clade textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pinopsida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tracheophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Spermatophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Porifera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eumetazoa textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cnidaria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Platyhelminthes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Nematoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rhabditida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Caenorhabditis textual definition +WARN missing_definition Caenorhabditis elegans textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rhabditidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Annelida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Polychaeta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sabellida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Oligochaeta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Enchytraeidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Enchytraeus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eisenia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eisenia fetida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lumbricus terrestris textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hirudiniformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hirudinidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mollusca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Arthropoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Crustacea textual definition +WARN missing_definition Branchiopoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Anostraca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Artemia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cladocera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Daphnia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Malacostraca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eucarida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Decapoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pleocyemata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Brachyura textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cancridae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hexapoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lepidoptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Diptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition saccharomyceta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Brachycera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eumalacostraca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Drosophilidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Drosophila textual definition +WARN missing_definition Drosophila melanogaster textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hymenoptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Apocrita textual definition +WARN missing_definition Aculeata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Apidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pterygota textual definition +WARN missing_definition Chordata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tunicata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Vertebrata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Myxiniformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Myxinidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Daphniidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Gnathostomata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Chondrichthyes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Euphyllophyta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Holocephali textual definition +WARN missing_definition Chimaeriformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Dipnomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Actinopterygii textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenseriformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenseridae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Acipenser textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cypriniformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Danio textual definition +WARN missing_definition Danio rerio textual definition +WARN missing_definition Salmoniformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Salmonidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Oncorhynchus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Salmo textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pleuronectiformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pleuronectidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sarcopterygii textual definition +WARN missing_definition Amphibia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Anura textual definition +WARN missing_definition Pipidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenopus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenopus laevis textual definition +WARN missing_definition Xenopodinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ranidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neobatrachia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Diplostraca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sauropsida textual definition +WARN missing_definition Archosauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lepidosauria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sphenodontia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sphenodontidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sphenodon textual definition +WARN missing_definition Dicondylia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Artemia salina textual definition +WARN missing_definition Amphiesmenoptera textual definition +WARN missing_definition Aves textual definition +WARN missing_definition Palaeognathae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Struthioniformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Struthionidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Struthio textual definition +WARN missing_definition Struthio camelus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Neognathae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Anseriformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Anatidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Panarthropoda textual definition +WARN missing_definition Columbiformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Columbidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Craniata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Galliformes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Phasianidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Gallus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Gallus gallus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Phasianinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Enchytraeus crypticus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Artiodactyla textual definition +WARN missing_definition Prototheria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Monotremata textual definition +WARN missing_definition Tachyglossidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Eutheria textual definition +WARN missing_definition Primates textual definition +WARN missing_definition Platyrrhini textual definition +WARN missing_definition Catarrhini textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cercopithecidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cercopithecinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Macaca textual definition +WARN missing_definition Macaca mulatta textual definition +WARN missing_definition Hominidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Homo textual definition +WARN missing_definition Homo sapiens textual definition +WARN missing_definition Canidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Canis textual definition +WARN missing_definition Vulpes textual definition +WARN missing_definition Felidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Felis textual definition +WARN missing_definition Felis catus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Suidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Sus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ruminantia textual definition +WARN missing_definition Cervidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rangifer textual definition +WARN missing_definition Odocoileinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bovidae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bos textual definition +WARN missing_definition Bos taurus textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ovis textual definition +WARN missing_definition Ovis aries textual definition +WARN missing_definition Caprinae textual definition +WARN missing_definition Lagomorpha textual definition +WARN missing_definition Rodentia textual definition +WARN missing_definition plan textual definition +WARN missing_definition qualitative textual definition +WARN missing_definition closure textual definition +WARN missing_definition texture textual definition +WARN missing_definition maturity textual definition +WARN missing_definition branched textual definition +WARN missing_definition closed textual definition +WARN missing_definition transparent textual definition +WARN missing_definition elasticity textual definition +WARN missing_definition elastic textual definition +WARN missing_definition larval textual definition +WARN missing_definition contractility textual definition +WARN missing_definition contractile textual definition +WARN missing_definition liquid configuration textual definition +WARN missing_definition solid configuration textual definition +WARN missing_definition invaginated textual definition +WARN missing_definition concave textual definition +WARN missing_definition cylindrical textual definition +WARN missing_definition saccular textual definition +WARN missing_definition cellularity textual definition +WARN missing_definition multicellular textual definition +WARN missing_definition concavity textual definition +WARN missing_definition convex 3-D shape textual definition +WARN missing_definition branchiness textual definition +WARN missing_definition structure, cavities textual definition +WARN missing_definition dendritic textual definition +WARN missing_definition physical quality of a process textual definition +WARN missing_definition hollow textual definition +WARN missing_definition sloped downward textual definition +WARN missing_definition grooved textual definition +WARN missing_definition 3-D shape textual definition +WARN missing_definition tubular textual definition +WARN missing_definition acinar textual definition +WARN missing_definition collagenous textual definition +WARN missing_definition distensible textual definition +WARN missing_definition distensibility textual definition +WARN missing_definition astronaut textual definition +WARN missing_definition military textual definition +WARN missing_definition medical professional textual definition +WARN missing_definition dentist textual definition +WARN missing_definition radiologist textual definition +WARN missing_definition risk estimate textual definition +WARN missing_definition lifetime risk estimate textual definition +WARN missing_definition biological process textual definition +WARN missing_definition cellular process textual definition +WARN missing_definition track formation textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass number textual definition +WARN missing_definition contained in textual definition +WARN missing_definition contains textual definition +WARN missing_definition innervated_by textual definition +WARN missing_definition has component activity textual definition +WARN missing_definition directly regulated by textual definition +WARN missing_definition before or simultaneous with textual definition +WARN missing_definition simultaneous with textual definition +WARN missing_definition during which ends textual definition +WARN missing_definition ends after textual definition +WARN missing_definition immediately_precedes textual definition +WARN missing_definition temporally related to textual definition +WARN missing_definition part of developmental precursor of textual definition +WARN missing_definition results in formation of textual definition +WARN missing_definition causally upstream of, positive effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition causally upstream of, negative effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition enables textual definition +WARN missing_definition formed as result of textual definition +WARN missing_definition immediately causally downstream of textual definition +WARN missing_definition phosphorylates textual definition +WARN missing_definition helper property (not for use in curation) textual definition +WARN missing_definition is kinase activity textual definition +WARN missing_definition relation between physical entity and a process or stage textual definition +WARN missing_definition depends on textual definition +WARN missing_definition causal relation between entities textual definition +WARN missing_definition causally influenced by textual definition +WARN missing_definition interaction relation helper property textual definition +WARN missing_definition molecular interaction relation helper property textual definition +WARN missing_definition results in assembly of textual definition +WARN missing_definition results in disassembly of textual definition +WARN missing_definition acts upstream of or within, positive effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition acts upstream of or within, negative effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition causally upstream of or within, negative effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition causally upstream of or within, positive effect textual definition +WARN missing_definition agent role textual definition +WARN missing_definition protein_coding textual definition +WARN missing_definition protein_coding_gene textual definition +WARN missing_definition anterior region of body textual definition +WARN missing_definition posterior region of body textual definition +WARN missing_definition membranous layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition vertebral foramen of atlas textual definition +WARN missing_definition head sensillum textual definition +WARN missing_definition subdivision of head textual definition +WARN missing_definition muscle of iris textual definition +WARN missing_definition gastric juice textual definition +WARN missing_definition parenchyma of pancreas textual definition +WARN missing_definition organ cavity textual definition +WARN missing_definition posterior neural tube textual definition +WARN missing_definition anterior neural tube textual definition +WARN missing_definition salivatory nucleus textual definition +WARN missing_definition set of muscles of vertebral column textual definition +WARN missing_definition biliary bud textual definition +WARN missing_definition left ventricular trabecular myocardium textual definition +WARN missing_definition right ventricular trabecular myocardium textual definition +WARN missing_definition right horn of sinus venosus textual definition +WARN missing_definition basal plate metencephalon textual definition +WARN missing_definition outflow tract pulmonary component textual definition +WARN missing_definition developing anatomical structure textual definition +WARN missing_definition cervical region textual definition +WARN missing_definition non-neural ectoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition extrahepatic part of hepatic duct textual definition +WARN missing_definition left dorsal aorta textual definition +WARN missing_definition right dorsal aorta textual definition +WARN missing_definition extraembryonic mesoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition spinal cord segment textual definition +WARN missing_definition pre-muscle condensation textual definition +WARN missing_definition zone of bone organ textual definition +WARN missing_definition neurocranial trabecula textual definition +WARN missing_definition posterior surface of head textual definition +WARN missing_definition common atrial chamber textual definition +WARN missing_definition ethmoid bone primordium textual definition +WARN missing_definition tetrapod frontal bone primordium textual definition +WARN missing_definition future spinal cord textual definition +WARN missing_definition future trigeminal ganglion textual definition +WARN missing_definition presumptive blood textual definition +WARN missing_definition glandular cuboidal epithelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition presumptive gut textual definition +WARN missing_definition mechanosensory system textual definition +WARN missing_definition 1st arch mandibular component textual definition +WARN missing_definition 1st arch maxillary component textual definition +WARN missing_definition early pharyngeal endoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition microvascular endothelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition liver bud textual definition +WARN missing_definition respiratory primordium textual definition +WARN missing_definition pharyngeal region of foregut textual definition +WARN missing_definition indifferent external genitalia textual definition +WARN missing_definition embryonic nasal process textual definition +WARN missing_definition subdivision of trunk textual definition +WARN missing_definition midbrain mantle layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition spinal cord mantle layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate textual definition +WARN missing_definition trunk paraxial mesoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition trachea non-cartilage connective tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition artery of lip textual definition +WARN missing_definition gut mesentery textual definition +WARN missing_definition dorsal pancreas textual definition +WARN missing_definition ventral pancreas textual definition +WARN missing_definition entire pharyngeal arch endoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition sac textual definition +WARN missing_definition anterior lateral plate mesoderm textual definition +WARN missing_definition lobule textual definition +WARN missing_definition optic neural crest textual definition +WARN missing_definition aortic system textual definition +WARN missing_definition layer of sclera textual definition +WARN missing_definition germ layer / neural crest textual definition +WARN missing_definition pancreas dorsal primordium textual definition +WARN missing_definition pancreas ventral primordium textual definition +WARN missing_definition pneumatic cavity of bone textual definition +WARN missing_definition primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system textual definition +WARN missing_definition intra-ocular muscle textual definition +WARN missing_definition fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath textual definition +WARN missing_definition embryonic skin basal layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition lumen of gastrointestinal system textual definition +WARN missing_definition future upper lip textual definition +WARN missing_definition future lower lip textual definition +WARN missing_definition jaw muscle textual definition +WARN missing_definition fibrous connective tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition collection of collagen fibrils textual definition +WARN missing_definition palatal part of dermatocranium textual definition +WARN missing_definition internal anal region textual definition +WARN missing_definition respiratory system arterial smooth muscle textual definition +WARN missing_definition extraembryonic cavity textual definition +WARN missing_definition external anal region textual definition +WARN missing_definition cloacal villus textual definition +WARN missing_definition subdivision of tube textual definition +WARN missing_definition subepicardial layer of epicardium textual definition +WARN missing_definition heart plus pericardium textual definition +WARN missing_definition heterogeneous tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition lamina of gray matter of spinal cord textual definition +WARN missing_definition fibrocollagenous connective tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition skeletal musculature textual definition +WARN missing_definition cardiac muscle tissue of ventricle textual definition +WARN missing_definition dorsal side of post-anal tail textual definition +WARN missing_definition reproductive system mucosa textual definition +WARN missing_definition carotid artery endothelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition mucous gland of lung textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray matter of hindbrain textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray matter of midbrain textual definition +WARN missing_definition sensory organ epithelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition surface of eyeball textual definition +WARN missing_definition splenic arteriole textual definition +WARN missing_definition hindbrain marginal layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition spinal cord ventricular layer textual definition +WARN missing_definition sympathetic nerve textual definition +WARN missing_definition lymphomyeloid tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition gland lumen textual definition +WARN missing_definition zone of organ textual definition +WARN missing_definition epithelial layer of duct textual definition +WARN missing_definition jaw epithelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition rectal artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition excretory duct textual definition +WARN missing_definition branch of external carotid artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition uveal vein textual definition +WARN missing_definition colic artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition cavity of cardiac chamber textual definition +WARN missing_definition intrapulmonary bronchus textual definition +WARN missing_definition serous cavity textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of blood vessel textual definition +WARN missing_definition respiratory primordium epithelium textual definition +WARN missing_definition respiratory primordium mesenchyme textual definition +WARN missing_definition fibroelastic connective tissue textual definition +WARN missing_definition orifice of skull textual definition +WARN missing_definition pelvic vein textual definition +WARN missing_definition anterior wall of left ventricle textual definition +WARN missing_definition myocardium of anterior wall of left ventricle textual definition +WARN missing_definition myocardium of anterior wall of right ventricle textual definition +WARN missing_definition vasculature of spleen textual definition +WARN missing_definition vasculature of central nervous system plus retina textual definition +WARN missing_definition vasculature of central nervous system textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of gallbladder textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of brachiocephalic artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of subclavian artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of anal canal textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of pulmonary artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of synovial tendon sheath textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of eyeball textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of orbit textual definition +WARN missing_definition wall of common carotid artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition sigmoid vein textual definition +WARN missing_definition pancreatic artery textual definition +WARN missing_definition axial vasculature textual definition +WARN missing_definition panarthropod head textual definition +WARN missing_definition electric current unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition temperature unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition substance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition luminous intensity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition ampere textual definition +WARN missing_definition kelvin textual definition +WARN missing_definition mole textual definition +WARN missing_definition candela textual definition +WARN missing_definition picometer textual definition +WARN missing_definition femtogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition millisecond textual definition +WARN missing_definition microsecond textual definition +WARN missing_definition picosecond textual definition +WARN missing_definition milliampere textual definition +WARN missing_definition microampere textual definition +WARN missing_definition millimole textual definition +WARN missing_definition femtomole textual definition +WARN missing_definition attomole textual definition +WARN missing_definition base unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition area unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition acceleration unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition angular velocity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition angular acceleration unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition concentration unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass density unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition luminance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition area density unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition molar mass unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition molar volume unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition momentum unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition rotational frequency unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition specific volume unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition speed/velocity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit of molarity textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit of molality textual definition +WARN missing_definition molal textual definition +WARN missing_definition millimolal textual definition +WARN missing_definition micromolal textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanomolal textual definition +WARN missing_definition picomolal textual definition +WARN missing_definition femtomolar textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit of normality textual definition +WARN missing_definition normal textual definition +WARN missing_definition mole fraction textual definition +WARN missing_definition meter per second per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian per second per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition square centimeter textual definition +WARN missing_definition square millimeter textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per cubic meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per cubic centimeter textual definition +WARN missing_definition candela per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per mole textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per mole textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter per mole textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic centimeter per mole textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram meter per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition turns per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition meter per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition volume unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition femtoliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition frequency unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition force unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition newton textual definition +WARN missing_definition pressure unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pascal textual definition +WARN missing_definition energy unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition joule textual definition +WARN missing_definition power unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt textual definition +WARN missing_definition illuminance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition lux textual definition +WARN missing_definition luminous flux unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition lumen textual definition +WARN missing_definition catalytic activity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal textual definition +WARN missing_definition angle unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition plane angle unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian textual definition +WARN missing_definition solid angle unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition steradian textual definition +WARN missing_definition activity (of a radionuclide) unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dose equivalent unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition exposure unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition becquerel textual definition +WARN missing_definition curie textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray textual definition +WARN missing_definition rad textual definition +WARN missing_definition roentgen textual definition +WARN missing_definition sievert textual definition +WARN missing_definition millisievert textual definition +WARN missing_definition microsievert textual definition +WARN missing_definition Roentgen equivalent man textual definition +WARN missing_definition microgray textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligray textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanogray textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanosievert textual definition +WARN missing_definition millicurie textual definition +WARN missing_definition microcurie textual definition +WARN missing_definition disintegrations per minute textual definition +WARN missing_definition counts per minute textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanosecond textual definition +WARN missing_definition century textual definition +WARN missing_definition half life textual definition +WARN missing_definition foot candle textual definition +WARN missing_definition irradiance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition einstein per square meter per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition light unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per steradian per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition radiant intensity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition microeinstein per square meter per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition radiance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per steradian textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per notation unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per hundred textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per thousand textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per million textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per billion textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per trillion textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per quadrillion textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per liter textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit per volume unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit per liter textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass per unit volume textual definition +WARN missing_definition enzyme unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition density unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition linear density unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition degree textual definition +WARN missing_definition dimensionless unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition percent textual definition +WARN missing_definition pi textual definition +WARN missing_definition count unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition ratio textual definition +WARN missing_definition fraction textual definition +WARN missing_definition molecule count textual definition +WARN missing_definition purity percentage textual definition +WARN missing_definition confluence percentage textual definition +WARN missing_definition liter per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition milliliter per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition microliter per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition cell concentration unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cells per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition catalytic (activity) concentration unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal per cubic meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal per liter textual definition +WARN missing_definition volume per unit volume textual definition +WARN missing_definition milliliter per cubic meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition deciliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition colony forming unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition plaque forming unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition colony forming unit per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition plaque forming unit per volume textual definition +WARN missing_definition plaque forming unit per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition disintegrations per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition electric potential difference unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt textual definition +WARN missing_definition electric charge textual definition +WARN missing_definition coulomb textual definition +WARN missing_definition dalton textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilodalton textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt-hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilowatt-hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition magnetic flux unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition weber textual definition +WARN missing_definition magnetic flux density unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition tesla textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt-hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilovolt-hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition information unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition bit textual definition +WARN missing_definition byte textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilobyte textual definition +WARN missing_definition megabyte textual definition +WARN missing_definition image resolution unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition chroma sampling unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dynamic range unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition spatial resolution unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dots per inch textual definition +WARN missing_definition micron pixel textual definition +WARN missing_definition pixels per inch textual definition +WARN missing_definition pixels per millimeter textual definition +WARN missing_definition base pair textual definition +WARN missing_definition kibibyte textual definition +WARN missing_definition mebibyte textual definition +WARN missing_definition millivolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilovolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition microvolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanovolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition picovolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition megavolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition surface tension unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition newton per meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition dyne per cm textual definition +WARN missing_definition viscosity unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pascal second textual definition +WARN missing_definition poise textual definition +WARN missing_definition decibel textual definition +WARN missing_definition effective dose unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition conduction unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition electrical conduction unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition heat conduction unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition siemens textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per meter kelvin textual definition +WARN missing_definition electronvolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition electric field strength unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt per meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition absorbance unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volumetric flow rate unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition millimetres of mercury textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligram per liter textual definition +WARN missing_definition microgram per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanogram per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition milliunits per milliliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition rate unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilogram per hectare textual definition +WARN missing_definition giga textual definition +WARN missing_definition mega textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilo textual definition +WARN missing_definition deci textual definition +WARN missing_definition milli textual definition +WARN missing_definition centi textual definition +WARN missing_definition micro textual definition +WARN missing_definition nano textual definition +WARN missing_definition pico textual definition +WARN missing_definition femto textual definition +WARN missing_definition atto textual definition +WARN missing_definition dose unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligram per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligram per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition dosage unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligram per kilogram per day textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative light unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative luminescence unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative fluorescence unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition megaHertz textual definition +WARN missing_definition centiMorgan textual definition +WARN missing_definition centiRay textual definition +WARN missing_definition mega base pair textual definition +WARN missing_definition giga base pair textual definition +WARN missing_definition square micrometer textual definition +WARN missing_definition millisiemens textual definition +WARN missing_definition micromole per litre textual definition +WARN missing_definition micromole per kilogram textual definition +WARN missing_definition millimeters per day textual definition +WARN missing_definition kilometer per hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition milli textual definition +WARN missing_definition hectare textual definition +WARN missing_definition inch textual definition +WARN missing_definition thou textual definition +WARN missing_definition foot textual definition +WARN missing_definition yard textual definition +WARN missing_definition chain textual definition +WARN missing_definition furlong textual definition +WARN missing_definition mile textual definition +WARN missing_definition league textual definition +WARN missing_definition maritime length unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition fathom textual definition +WARN missing_definition cable textual definition +WARN missing_definition nautical mile textual definition +WARN missing_definition perch textual definition +WARN missing_definition rood textual definition +WARN missing_definition acre textual definition +WARN missing_definition fluid ounce textual definition +WARN missing_definition gill textual definition +WARN missing_definition pint textual definition +WARN missing_definition quart textual definition +WARN missing_definition gallon textual definition +WARN missing_definition grain textual definition +WARN missing_definition drachm textual definition +WARN missing_definition ounce textual definition +WARN missing_definition pound textual definition +WARN missing_definition stone textual definition +WARN missing_definition quarter textual definition +WARN missing_definition hundredweight textual definition +WARN missing_definition ton textual definition +WARN missing_definition slug textual definition +WARN missing_definition teaspoon textual definition +WARN missing_definition micromole textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per square meter textual definition +WARN missing_definition nanogram per microliter textual definition +WARN missing_definition large calorie textual definition +WARN missing_definition micrograms per wheaton bottle textual definition +WARN missing_definition picoampere textual definition +WARN missing_definition centigray textual definition +WARN missing_definition gigaelectronvolt textual definition +WARN missing_definition gigaelectronvolt per nucleon textual definition +WARN missing_definition megaelectronvolt per nucleon textual definition +WARN missing_definition kiloelectronvolt per micron textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray per minute textual definition +WARN missing_definition centigray per minute textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligray per minute textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligray per day textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligray per hour textual definition +WARN missing_definition milligray per second textual definition +WARN missing_definition meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition ampere based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition kelvin based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mole based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition candela based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition angstrom based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition degree Celsius based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition minute based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition hour based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition day based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition week based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition month based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition year based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition molar based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition molal based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition normal based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mole fraction based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition meter per second per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian per second per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition square meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition square centimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition square millimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per cubic centimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition candela per square meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per mole based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter per mole based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic centimeter per mole based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition turns per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter per kilogram based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition meter per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic centimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition liter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cubic decimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition hertz based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition newton based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pascal based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition joule based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition lux based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition lumen based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition radian based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition steradian based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition becquerel based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition curie based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition rad based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition roentgen based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition sievert based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition Roentgen equivalent man based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition disintegrations per minute based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition counts per minute based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition century based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition half life based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition foot candle based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per square meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition einstein per square meter per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per steradian per square meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per steradian based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass percentage based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass volume percentage based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volume percentage based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per hundred based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per thousand based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per million based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per billion based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per trillion based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition parts per quadrillion based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per milliliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per liter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit per milliliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition unit per liter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mass per unit volume based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition enzyme unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition degree based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pi based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition molecule count based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition purity percentage based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition confluence percentage based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition degree Fahrenheit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pH based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition liter per kilogram based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cells per milliliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal per cubic meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition katal per liter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per deciliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition colony forming unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition plaque forming unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition colony forming unit per milliliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition plaque forming unit per milliliter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition disintegrations per second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition coulomb based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dalton based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt-hour based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition weber based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition tesla based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt-hour based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition bit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition byte based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition chroma sampling unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dynamic range unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dots per inch based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pixels per inch based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pixels per millimeter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition base pair based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition kibibyte based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mebibyte based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition newton per meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dyne per cm based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pascal second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition poise based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition effective dose unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition siemens based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition watt per meter kelvin based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition electronvolt based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition volt per meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition absorbance unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition count per nanomolar second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition count per molar second based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition count per nanomolar based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition count per molar based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition dosage unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative light unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative luminescence unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition relative fluorescence unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition square micrometer based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition hectare based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition inch based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition thou based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition foot based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition yard based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition chain based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition furlong based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition mile based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition league based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition maritime length unit based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition fathom based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition cable based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition nautical mile based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition perch based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition rood based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition acre based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition fluid ounce based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gill based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pint based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition quart based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gallon based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition grain based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition drachm based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition ounce based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition pound based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition stone based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition quarter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition hundredweight based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition ton based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition slug based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition teaspoon based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gram per square meter based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition large calorie based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition gray per minute based unit textual definition +WARN missing_definition has parent hydride textual definition +WARN missing_definition is conjugate acid of textual definition +WARN missing_definition is conjugate base of textual definition +WARN missing_definition is substituent group from textual definition +WARN missing_definition is tautomer of textual definition +WARN missing_definition has_gene_template textual definition +WARN missing_definition abbreviation textual definition +WARN missing_definition channel for textual definition +WARN missing_definition channels_from textual definition +WARN missing_definition channels_into textual definition +WARN missing_definition extends_fibers_into textual definition +WARN missing_definition layer part of textual definition +WARN missing_definition protects textual definition +WARN missing_definition subdivision of textual definition +WARN missing_definition creator textual definition +WARN missing_definition Date textual definition +WARN missing_definition Description textual definition +WARN missing_definition title textual definition +WARN missing_definition license textual definition +WARN missing_definition http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled textual definition +WARN missing_definition Mus musculus subspecies textual definition +WARN missing_definition created_by textual definition +WARN missing_definition oboInOwl:creation_date textual definition +WARN missing_definition has_alternative_id textual definition +WARN missing_definition has_broad_synonym textual definition +WARN missing_definition database_cross_reference textual definition +WARN missing_definition has_obo_namespace textual definition +WARN missing_definition has_related_synonym textual definition +WARN missing_definition in_subset textual definition +WARN missing_definition rdf:PlainLiteral textual definition +WARN missing_definition xsd:boolean textual definition +WARN missing_definition xsd:string textual definition +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_AGR_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_CFDE_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_FlyBase_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_GXD_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_MGI_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_RAD_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_cancer_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#DO_rare_slim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#NCIthesaurus rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration obo:doid#TopNodes_DOcancerslim rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_subset_declaration blank node rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:bspo#vertebrate rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:chebi#IUPAC_NAME rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:go#systematic_synonym rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#blast_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#common_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#equivalent_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#genbank_common_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#in_part rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#misnomer rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#misspelling rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#scientific_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon#synonym rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim#blast_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim#common_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim#genbank_common_name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim#synonym rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:po#Japanese rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:po#Plural rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:po#Spanish rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:pr#Gene-based rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:pr#PRO-common-name rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:pr#PRO-short-label rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration abbreviation rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#DEPRECATED rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#DUBIOUS rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#HUMAN_PREFERRED rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#INCONSISTENT rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#LATIN rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#PENDING_REVIEW rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#PLURAL rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN missing_synonymtype_declaration obo:uberon/core#SENSU rdfs:subPropertyOf +WARN multiple_equivalent_classes reproductive behavior owl:equivalentClass blank node +INFO lowercase_definition independent continuant textual definition b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) +INFO lowercase_definition independent continuant textual definition b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])@en +INFO lowercase_definition process textual definition p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])@en +INFO lowercase_definition disposition IAO:0000600 b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])@en +INFO lowercase_definition quality IAO:0000600 a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])@en +INFO lowercase_definition specifically dependent continuant textual definition b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])@en +INFO lowercase_definition specifically dependent continuant textual definition b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])@en +INFO lowercase_definition role IAO:0000600 b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])@en +INFO lowercase_definition object aggregate IAO:0000600 b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])@en +INFO lowercase_definition generically dependent continuant textual definition b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])@en +INFO lowercase_definition part_of textual definition a core relation that holds between a part and its whole +INFO lowercase_definition part_of textual definition a core relation that holds between a part and its whole@en +INFO lowercase_definition has_part textual definition a core relation that holds between a whole and its part +INFO lowercase_definition has_part textual definition a core relation that holds between a whole and its part@en +INFO lowercase_definition realized in IAO:0000600 [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])@en +INFO lowercase_definition realizes IAO:0000600 to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])@en +INFO lowercase_definition preceded_by textual definition x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.@en +INFO lowercase_definition precedes textual definition x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.@en +INFO lowercase_definition occurs in textual definition b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t@en +INFO lowercase_definition contains process textual definition [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t@en +INFO lowercase_definition anterior_to textual definition x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +INFO lowercase_definition anterior_to textual definition x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer +INFO lowercase_definition dorsal_to textual definition x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +INFO lowercase_definition dorsal_to textual definition x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +INFO lowercase_definition posterior to textual definition x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +INFO lowercase_definition posterior to textual definition x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. +INFO lowercase_definition ventral_to textual definition x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +INFO lowercase_definition ventral_to textual definition x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). +INFO lowercase_definition in_proximal_side_of textual definition x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. +INFO lowercase_definition in distal side of textual definition x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. +INFO lowercase_definition immediately_deep_to textual definition x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. +INFO lowercase_definition immediately superficial to textual definition x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. +INFO lowercase_definition partially_surrounded_by textual definition x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x +INFO lowercase_definition ore textual definition a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. +INFO lowercase_definition nuclear energy textual definition potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). +INFO lowercase_definition mechanical wave energy textual definition kinetic and potential energy in an elastic material due to a propagated deformational wave. +INFO lowercase_definition radiant energy textual definition potential energy stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation, including light. +INFO lowercase_definition cellular_component textual definition " +The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. +" +INFO lowercase_definition cellular process textual definition " +Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. +" +INFO lowercase_definition cell part textual definition " +Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. +" +INFO lowercase_definition single-organism process textual definition " +A biological process that involves only one organism. +" +INFO lowercase_definition single-organism cellular process textual definition " +Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. +" +INFO lowercase_definition response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. +" +INFO lowercase_definition cellular response to stimulus textual definition " +Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. +" +INFO lowercase_definition data item textual definition a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.@en +INFO lowercase_definition definition source textual definition formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007@en +INFO lowercase_definition is quality measurement of textual definition m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q@en +INFO lowercase_definition is quality measured as textual definition inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of@en +INFO lowercase_definition behavior process textual definition "\""The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.\"" [GO:GO\:0007610]" +INFO lowercase_definition kinesthetic behavior textual definition "\""Movement behavior of the body or its parts.\""" +INFO lowercase_definition regulation of behavior textual definition "\""Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.\"" [GO:0050795]" +INFO lowercase_definition regulator role textual definition a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders@en +INFO lowercase_definition regulatory role textual definition a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body.@en +INFO lowercase_definition material supplier role textual definition a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation.@en +INFO lowercase_definition specimen role textual definition a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation@en +INFO lowercase_definition population textual definition a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area@en +INFO lowercase_definition protocol textual definition a protocol is a plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between domain experts, so that different domain experts will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. +INFO lowercase_definition zip textual definition zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/)@en +INFO lowercase_definition tar textual definition tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/)@en +INFO lowercase_definition material transformation objective textual definition an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.@en +INFO lowercase_definition manufacturing objective textual definition is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device)@en +INFO lowercase_definition GenePattern software textual definition a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks. +INFO lowercase_definition service provider role textual definition is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person +INFO lowercase_definition leave one out cross validation method textual definition is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data +INFO lowercase_definition irradiation textual definition irradiation is a process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays or X-rays) or not such as UV light or microwaves@en +INFO lowercase_definition spacecraft module textual definition a self-contained unit of a spacecraft +INFO lowercase_definition gamma radiation textual definition electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV +INFO lowercase_definition Gammacell 40 textual definition http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf +INFO lowercase_definition RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam textual definition https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility +INFO lowercase_definition Swift HALE textual definition https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights +INFO lowercase_definition ER-2 textual definition https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html +INFO lowercase_definition WB-57 textual definition https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC +INFO lowercase_definition Faxitron CP160 textual definition doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 +INFO lowercase_definition X-Rad320 textual definition https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ +INFO lowercase_definition characteristic_of textual definition a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.@en +INFO lowercase_definition characteristic_of textual definition a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition bearer of textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition participates in textual definition a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process@en +INFO lowercase_definition has participant textual definition a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process@en +INFO lowercase_definition function of textual definition a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition quality of textual definition a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition role of textual definition a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition has function textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition has quality textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition has role textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition has disposition textual definition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence@en +INFO lowercase_definition disposition of textual definition inverse of has disposition +INFO lowercase_definition derives from textual definition a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity@en +INFO lowercase_definition location of textual definition a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location@en +INFO lowercase_definition located in textual definition a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location@en +INFO lowercase_definition 2D boundary of textual definition a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity@en +INFO lowercase_definition has 2D boundary textual definition a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity@en +INFO lowercase_definition has component process textual definition w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. +INFO lowercase_definition overlaps textual definition x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y +INFO lowercase_definition overlaps textual definition x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. +INFO lowercase_definition only in taxon textual definition x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. +INFO lowercase_definition in taxon textual definition x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. +INFO lowercase_definition connected to textual definition a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b +INFO lowercase_definition connects textual definition c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. +INFO lowercase_definition attached to part of textual definition a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. +INFO lowercase_definition has component textual definition w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. +INFO lowercase_definition develops from textual definition x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y +INFO lowercase_definition develops into textual definition inverse of develops from +INFO lowercase_definition directly develops into textual definition inverse of directly develops from +INFO lowercase_definition regulates textual definition process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. +INFO lowercase_definition regulates textual definition process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. +INFO lowercase_definition capable of part of textual definition c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. +INFO lowercase_definition surrounded by textual definition x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x +INFO lowercase_definition surrounded by textual definition x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y +INFO lowercase_definition adjacent to textual definition x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. +INFO lowercase_definition adjacent to textual definition x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary +INFO lowercase_definition surrounds textual definition inverse of surrounded by +INFO lowercase_definition surrounds textual definition inverse of surrounded_by +INFO lowercase_definition starts textual definition inverse of starts with +INFO lowercase_definition starts with textual definition x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. +INFO lowercase_definition develops from part of textual definition x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y +INFO lowercase_definition develops in textual definition x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing +INFO lowercase_definition ends textual definition inverse of ends with +INFO lowercase_definition ends with textual definition x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. +INFO lowercase_definition has start location textual definition x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y +INFO lowercase_definition has end location textual definition x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y +INFO lowercase_definition has input textual definition p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. +INFO lowercase_definition has output textual definition p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. +INFO lowercase_definition has output textual definition p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. +INFO lowercase_definition has developmental contribution from textual definition x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y@en +INFO lowercase_definition developmentally contributes to textual definition inverse of has developmental contribution from +INFO lowercase_definition developmentally induced by textual definition t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. +INFO lowercase_definition developmentally induced by textual definition t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T +INFO lowercase_definition acts upstream of textual definition c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. +INFO lowercase_definition acts upstream of or within textual definition c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. +INFO lowercase_definition developmentally replaces textual definition x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else +INFO lowercase_definition results in developmental progression of textual definition p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). +INFO lowercase_definition has habitat textual definition x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. +INFO lowercase_definition inheres in part of textual definition q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. +INFO lowercase_definition inheres in part of textual definition q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. +INFO lowercase_definition part of structure that is capable of textual definition this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. +INFO lowercase_definition involved in textual definition c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p +INFO lowercase_definition enabled by textual definition inverse of enables +INFO lowercase_definition regulated by textual definition inverse of regulates +INFO lowercase_definition negatively regulated by textual definition inverse of negatively regulates +INFO lowercase_definition positively regulated by textual definition inverse of positively regulates +INFO lowercase_definition member of textual definition is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. +INFO lowercase_definition has member textual definition has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. +INFO lowercase_definition input of textual definition inverse of has input +INFO lowercase_definition output of textual definition inverse of has output +INFO lowercase_definition attached to textual definition a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a +INFO lowercase_definition has muscle origin textual definition m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to.@en +INFO lowercase_definition has muscle insertion textual definition m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone.@en +INFO lowercase_definition tributary of textual definition x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. +INFO lowercase_definition spatially coextensive with textual definition x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location +INFO lowercase_definition branching part of textual definition x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y +INFO lowercase_definition has developmental potential involving textual definition x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).@en +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to developmentally contribute to textual definition x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to developmentally contribute to textual definition x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y@en +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to developmentally induce textual definition x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y@en +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to develop into textual definition x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to develop into textual definition x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y@en +INFO lowercase_definition has potential to directly develop into textual definition x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y@en +INFO lowercase_definition causally downstream of textual definition inverse of upstream of +INFO lowercase_definition causally upstream of textual definition p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain +INFO lowercase_definition immediately causally upstream of textual definition p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. +INFO lowercase_definition causally upstream of or within textual definition p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. +INFO lowercase_definition causally downstream of or within textual definition inverse of causally upstream of or within +INFO lowercase_definition involved in regulation of textual definition c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p +INFO lowercase_definition involved in positive regulation of textual definition c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p +INFO lowercase_definition involved in negative regulation of textual definition c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p +INFO lowercase_definition involved in or involved in regulation of textual definition c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p +INFO lowercase_definition is active in textual definition c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. +INFO lowercase_definition contributes to morphology of textual definition p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. +INFO lowercase_definition composed primarily of textual definition x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. +INFO lowercase_definition composed primarily of textual definition x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y +INFO lowercase_definition has part that occurs in textual definition p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. +INFO lowercase_definition existence starts during textual definition x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). +INFO lowercase_definition existence starts with textual definition x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). +INFO lowercase_definition existence overlaps textual definition x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) +INFO lowercase_definition existence starts and ends during textual definition x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) +INFO lowercase_definition existence ends during textual definition x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). +INFO lowercase_definition existence ends with textual definition x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). +INFO lowercase_definition transformation of textual definition x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships +INFO lowercase_definition immediate transformation of textual definition x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t +INFO lowercase_definition existence starts during or after textual definition x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). +INFO lowercase_definition existence ends during or before textual definition x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. +INFO lowercase_definition causal relation between processes textual definition p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. +INFO lowercase_definition determined by textual definition s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. +INFO lowercase_definition determined by part of textual definition s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. +INFO lowercase_definition has muscle antagonist textual definition m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. +INFO lowercase_definition has branching part textual definition inverse of branching part of +INFO lowercase_definition lumen of textual definition x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. +INFO lowercase_definition luminal space of textual definition s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity +INFO lowercase_definition skeleton of textual definition inverse of has skeleton +INFO lowercase_definition has part structure that is capable of textual definition s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p +INFO lowercase_definition results in breakdown of textual definition p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p +INFO lowercase_definition results in organization of textual definition p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c +INFO lowercase_definition produces textual definition a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. +INFO lowercase_definition produced by textual definition a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. +INFO lowercase_definition has primary input or output textual definition p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. +INFO lowercase_definition has primary output textual definition p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. +INFO lowercase_definition acts upstream of, positive effect textual definition c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive +INFO lowercase_definition acts upstream of, negative effect textual definition c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative +INFO lowercase_definition realized in response to textual definition r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. +INFO lowercase_definition different in magnitude relative to textual definition q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. +INFO lowercase_definition increased in magnitude relative to textual definition q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. +INFO lowercase_definition results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure textual definition p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity +INFO lowercase_definition anteriorly connected to textual definition x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. +INFO lowercase_definition conduit for textual definition x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. +INFO lowercase_definition distally connected to textual definition x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. +INFO lowercase_definition indirectly_supplies textual definition a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. +INFO lowercase_definition posteriorly connected to textual definition x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. +INFO lowercase_definition proximally connected to textual definition x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. +INFO lowercase_definition site_of textual definition c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. +INFO lowercase_definition CAST/EiJ textual definition " + +Both CAST/EiJ and CASA/RkJ (Stock No. 000735) were derived from wild mice trapped in Thailand. CAST is often combined with the common laboratory strains to generate F1 hybrids with high levels of heterozygosity for use in genetic mapping. Unlike the wild-derived strain SPRET, male F1 mice from a CAST cross are fertile. + +Like CASA, CAST is resistant to flavivirus infection. The flavivirus family includes pathogens responsible for dengue, yellow fever and several forms of encephalitis. Most common laboratory mice are sensitive to flavivirus infection. Resistance/sensitivity is conferred through the oligoA synthase Oas1b locus. In a comparison of multiple strains, CASA and CAST exhibit reduced numbers of retinal ganglion cells as compared to common laboratory strains and other wild-derived strains. In a 2015 study comparing CAST/Ei and the other Collaborative Cross inbred strains (A/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/LtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, and WSB/EiJ), dorsal root ganglion neurons from CAST/Ei mice demonstrate a significantly improved ability to regenerate axons in an inhibitory environment as determined by an increase in number of neurons with neurites and longer axonal process per neuron under both naive and pre-injured conditions. In addition, as compared to neurons from C57BL/6 mice, CAST/Ei neurons exhibit more extensive axonal regeneration in the spinal cord and optic nerve following injury and show greater sprouting following ischemic stroke. + +Wild-derived mice are genetically distinct from common laboratory mice for a number of complex phenotypic characteristics and are valuable tools for genetic mapping, evolution and systematics research. +" +INFO lowercase_definition Earth textual definition third planet from the Sun in the Solar System +INFO missing_superclass entity rdfs:subClassOf +INFO missing_superclass pi meson rdfs:subClassOf +INFO missing_superclass muon rdfs:subClassOf