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06-HTML.html
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>CMPUT 404</title>
<!-- Styling from reveal.js -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/reveal.js/css/reveal.css">
<link id="revealtheme" rel="stylesheet" href="">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<link id="highlighttheme" rel="stylesheet" href="">
<!-- Custom Styling -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="cmput404-slides.css">
<link id="404theme" rel="stylesheet" href="">
<!-- Scripts! -->
<script src="node_modules/reveal.js/lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/reveal.js/js/reveal.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/chai/chai.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/fitty/dist/fitty.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/twemoji.min.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/highlightjs/highlight.pack.js"></script>
<script src="fiddler.js"></script><!-- make sure fiddler is last -->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- Anything before this will be sync'd with the other files in the directory if you run ./sync-header-footer.py *.html
HEADER --------------------------
-->
<section>
<h1>CMPUT 404</h1>
<h3>Web Applications and Architecture</h3>
<h2>Part 06: HTML</h2>
<p>
<small>Created by <br>
<a href="http://softwareprocess.es">Abram Hindle</a>
(<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>) <br>
and Hazel Campbell (<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>).<br>
Copyright 2014-2019.
</small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>HTML standards</h3>
<ul style="font-size: 80%">
<li>The current version of HTML has two standards</li>
<li>WHATWG's HTML "living standard"
<ul>
<li><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/</a></li>
<li>Continually updated, constantly evolving</li>
<li>No version numbers</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>W3C's HTML 5 Standards
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/">https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/</a></li>
<li>Occaisionally releases versions</li>
<li>Versions: 5.0, 5.1, 5.2</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Best?
<ul>
<li>Generally people prefer WHATWG's "living standard"</li>
<li>Your best option when writing HTML is to use a reference with a compatibility table</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<ul>
<li>Example compatibility table from MDN:</li>
</ul>
<img class="stretch noborder" src="images/mdn-compatibility-table.png">
<ul style="font-size: 80%">
<li>Hazel's favorite resource is MDN because its up to date, and its provided by Mozilla, who actually make a browser, and aren't just trying to show you ads: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Let's start HTMLing!
It's best to start
from the bare
essentials. You can
validate this HTML
using [http://validator.w3.org/check](http://validator.w3.org/check).
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
Here's your minimal and validating HTML page.
</body>
</html>
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Don't forget!
You need to tell the
world that this is a
modern HTML file!
Put your DOCTYPE at
the top!
Also enclose your content in the HTML tag!
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
...
</html>
```
</script>
</section>
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<h3>Head/Header</h3>
<p>The head tag is where
we put information
about the webpage. You
will usually include a title here.</p>
<p>Meta tags contain meta
information for
browsers and other
tools to help
interpret.</p>
<pre><code class="html"><head>
<title>Page Title</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="description" content="Example Page">
<meta name="author" content="Abram Hindle">
<!-- proprietary extensions -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" >
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" >
<!-- mobile viewport information -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<!-- stylesheets / css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/default.css" id="theme">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
</head></code></pre>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3>Body</h3>
<pre><code class="html"><body>
<p>Visible content goes here.</p>
<p>Consider that you should not directly specify layout information
here but that you should mark up blocks with a class allowing you to
apply layouts later. You can abstract layout</p>
</body></code></pre>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3>Tags</h3>
<p>All tags should be closed to allow for ease of reading and parsing, except void tags.</p>
<p>Start Tags are enclosed in < and ></p>
<p>End Tags are enclosed in </ and ></p>
<pre><code class="html"><tag>
<enclosedtag>
</enclosedtag>
</tag></code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p>Void tags are enclosed in < and > like start tags, but don't have a matching end tag</p>
<pre><code class="html"><tag>
<voidtag>
<br>
</tag></code></pre>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Tags
Unless you are writing XHTML, in which case you must follow XML syntax,
void tags typically look like `<voidtag>`. but sometimes are written like `<voidtag/>`.
This is against the HTML spec.
Tags can be any capitalization in HTML, but typically they are
written in lower case. Stick to lower-case when writing HTML.
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h3>XHTML</h3>
<ul style="font-size: 75%">
<li>You can write HTML in XML format if you follow XML syntax: XHTML</li>
<li>Valid HTML is not valid XML, and valid XML is not valid HTML
<ul>
<li>For a while there was a drive to combine XML and HTML into "polyglot HTML" where you could write both at the same time, but this was abandoned in 2015.</li>
<li>Browsers still support <var><voidtag/></var> syntax in HTML but it breaks other HTML parsers</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>XML is very unforgiving, a simple mistake could cause a parser to refuse to parse the XML</li>
<li>Breaks <var>Document.write()</var>, the <var><template></var> tag, most entities...</li>
<li>Adds support for namespaces</li>
<li>HTML 5 XML has no DTD URL</li>
<li>Uses <var>Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml</var></li>
</ul>
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Paragraph tag: <p></h3>
<pre><code class="html"><p>
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.
</p>
<p>
Even as the Flemings, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;
</p></code></pre>
<p>We can use CSS to style these text blocks. Whitespace in the <p>
block doesn't matter.</p>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2>Paragraph Tag</h2>
<p>That code now looks like:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.
</p>
<p>
Even as the Flemings, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;
</p>
</blockquote>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3>Paragraph tag: <p> and <br></h3>
<ul>
<li>The previous example broke up the explicit lines from that canto.</li>
<li>We can make line-breaks explicit with <br>.</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="html"><p>
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,<br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</p>
<p>
Even as the Flemings, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</p></code></pre>
<ul><li>We can use CSS to style these text blocks. Whitespace in the <p>
block doesn't matter.</li></ul>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2>Paragraph Tag and <br></h2>
<p>That code now looks like:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,<br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</p>
<p>
Even as the Flemings, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 90%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## `<img>`: The Image Tag
We want to show images, we cannot embed them in HTML easily so we use
hyperlinks (URIs) to reference them and include them.
Remember to include alt tags so they are machine and human-readable.
````
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern">
<!-- scaling -->
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern" width="30">
<!-- scaling without respecting aspect -->
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern" width="30" height="60">
````
</script>
</div>
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern">
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern" width="30">
<img src="images/plasma.png" alt="Plasma Pattern" width="30" height="60">
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE -- -- ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## `<a>`: The Anchor Tag
We wouldn't have hypertext without hyperlinks!
Anchor tags let us link to other documents or locations. The href
attribute links to a URL. The URL can be relative to the location of
the current page. Anchor tags used to place anchors on pages, but in
HTML 5 they just navigate to ID'd sections now.
`````
<a href="http://slashdot.org">Slashdot.org: News for Nerds Stuff that
Matters</a><br>
<a href="http://cnn.com">T</a><a href="http://msn.com">a</a>
<a href="http://softwareprocess.es/">g</a><a href="http://ualberta.ca">s</a>
don't have to be very long.<br>
<a href="../">The a directory down!</a> Relative Link
`````
</script>
</div>
<a href="http://slashdot.org">Slashdot.org: News for Nerds Stuff that
Matters</a><br>
<a href="http://cnn.com">T</a><a href="http://msn.com">a</a>
<a href="http://softwareprocess.es/">g</a><a href="http://ualberta.ca">s</a>
don't have to be very long.<br>
<a href="../">The parent directory!</a> Relative Link
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3>Text Layout Philosophy</h3>
<p> Let the user agent decide how to display the text. You don't
need to control everything. But provide the appropriate semantics
first. Then apply layout information to those semantics.</p>
<p>If you want something to show up in a certain make a CSS class
and style a span or a div or a paragraph that way.</p>
<p>If you want a fancy layout use flexbox or grid layouts.</p>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3><div> and <span> tags</h3>
<ul>
<li><div> and <span> tags have no particular meaning.</li>
<li><div> will cause a line break before it is displayed.</li>
<li><span> will be inlined.</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="html"><div>
<span>Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,</span><br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</div>
<div>
Even <span>as the Flemings</span>, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</div></code></pre>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2><div> and <span> tags</h2>
<p>Looks like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
<span>Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,</span><br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</div>
<div>
Even <span>as the Flemings</span>, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>It did not change.</p>
</section>
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3><div> and <span> tags: With Style</h3>
<ul>
<li>We can add a style attribute to these tags</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="html"><div>
<span style="background-color:#AAAAAA;font-weight:bold">
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,</span><br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</div>
<div style="font-size:150%">
Even <span style="color:red">as the Flemings</span>, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</div></pre></code>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2><div> and <span> tags: With Style</h2>
<p>Looks like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
<span style="background-color:#AAAAAA;font-weight:bold">
Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,</span><br>
And so the brooklet's mist o'ershadows it,<br>
From fire it saves the water and the dikes.<br>
</div>
<div style="font-size:150%">
Even <span style="color:red">as the Flemings</span>, 'twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br>
Fearing the flood that tow'rds them hurls itself,<br>
Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight;<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</section>
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Style
I showed how to modify the style properties of tags. Tags can have
attributes defined liked so:
````
<tag attribute1="value1" attribute2="val2">
````
We added style attributes. The style attributes are Cascading Style
Sheet properties.
</script>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h3>Cascading</h3>
<ul>
<li>Cascading refers to accumulation of CSS properties (like color,
font-weight, etc.).
</ul>
</li>
<pre><code class="html"><span style="color:blue;">Hello!
<span style="color:blue;font-weight: bold;">Hello!
<span style="color:blue;font-weight: bold;box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888;">Hello!</span>
</span>
</span></code></pre>
Looks like:
<blockquote style="font-size: 200%">
<span style="color:blue;">Hello!
<span style="color:blue;font-weight: bold;">Hello!
<span style="color:blue;font-weight: bold;box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888;">Hello!</span>
</span>
</span>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Cascading</h4>
<ul>
<li>Cascading refers to accumulation of CSS properties (like color,
font-weight, etc.).
</ul>
</li>
<pre><code class="html"><span style="color:blue;">Hello!
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hello!
<span style="box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888;">Hello!
<span style="color:red;">Hello!</span>
</span>
</span>
</span></code></pre>
Looks like:
<blockquote style="font-size: 200%">
<span style="color:blue;">Hello!
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hello!
<span style="box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888;">Hello!
<span style="color:red;">Hello!</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</blockquote>
</section>
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Cascading Style Sheets
* Cascades
* Children Inherit Properties
* Style
* Properties refer to style properties such as layout, position,
color, font, background, padding, borders
* Sheets
* Apply to a page, change a page.
</script>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Cascading Style Sheets
CSS can be applied on a per tag level, but can also be applied globally.
````
<!-- Include a file of CSS -->
<link href="path/to/cssfile.css" rel="stylesheet">
````
````
<!-- Inline CSS -->
<style type="text/css">
.angry {
font-weight:900;
zoom: 3;
}
.angry:nth-child(odd)
{
color:green;
transform:rotate(7deg);
-webkit-transform:rotate(7deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
float: left;
}
.angry:nth-child(even)
{
color:red;
transform:rotate(-12deg);
-webkit-transform:rotate(-12deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
float: right;
}
</style>
<p style="color:orange">Apply style directly</p>
<div>
<div class="angry">HULK</div> <div class="angry">SMASH!</div>
</div>
````
</script>
</div>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2>Style</h2>
<p>Looks like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<style type="text/css">
.angry {
font-weight: 900;
zoom: 3;
}
.angry:nth-child(odd) {
color: green;
transform: rotate(7deg);
-webkit-transform: rotate(7deg);
/* Safari and Chrome */
float: left;
}
.angry:nth-child(even) {
color: red;
transform: rotate(-12deg);
-webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);
/* Safari and Chrome */
float: right;
}
</style>
<p style="color:orange">Apply style directly</p>
<div>
<div class="angry">HULK</div>
<div class="angry">SMASH!</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</section>
<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS: Properties To Know!
* color -- color of the text or object
* color:green
* color:#abc (short form)
* font-family -- the font
* font-family:"Times New Roman"
* font-family:"Verdana"
* font-size -- the font size
* font-size:10px;
* font-size:10pt;
* font-size:large;
* font-size:200%;
* font-style -- normal, italic, oblique
* font-style:normal;
</script>
</div></section>
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<section style="font-size:90%"><div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Backgrounds
* background-color -- Background color of a div or a span
````
.bg1 { background-color:red }
.bg2 { background-color:#aabbcc }
````
* background-image -- Background image
````
.bg3 {background-image:url('images/plasma.png');}
````
* On this HTML
````
<p class="bg1">This is example 1</p>
<p class="bg2">This is example 2</p>
<p class="bg3">This is example 3.<br/>
This is example 3.<br/>
This is example 3.<br/>
</p>
````
</script>
</div></section>
<!-- ######################## END MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<!-- ######################## START HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
<section>
<h2>CSS Backgrounds</h2>
<style type="text/css">
.bg1 {
background-color: red
}
.bg2 {
background-color: #aabbcc
}
.bg3 {
background-image: url('images/plasma.png');
}
</style>
<p class="bg1">This is example 1</p>
<p class="bg2">This is example 2</p>
<p class="bg3">This is example 3.<br />
This is example 3.<br />
This is example 3.<br />
</p>
</section>
<!-- ######################## END HTML SLIDE ########################## -->
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<section style="font-size: 80%"><div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Selectors
Did you notice I had .bg1 and .bg2 in the previous example?
Those are CSS selectors. .bg1 and .bg2 are classes. We can use HTML
attributes to label tags with classes that allow the tags to inherit
CSS style information.
````
.bg1 { background-color:red; }
.bg2 { background-color:#aabbcc; }
.bg3 {background-image:url('images/plasma.png');}
````
</script>
</div></section>
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<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 65%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Selectors
* .class
* class selectors let you mark up HTML with a class
````
.highlight { background-color:yellow; }
````
````
<p class="highlight">ALERT!</p>
````
* You can also combine classes with HTML tag selectors; this example
makes p tags with class="highlight" orange instead of yellow. You can
override other CSS as well.
````
p.highlight { background-color:orange; }
````
````
<p class="highlight">ALERT in orange!</p>
````
</script>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
.highlight {
background-color: yellow;
}
p.highlight {
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
<div class="highlight">Here's some highlighted stuff in a div</div>
<p class="highlight">ALERT in orange!</p>
</section>
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<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Selectors
* \#id
* ID selectors are like class selectors except they aim at the one
tag with the id="idtag" as an attribute.
````
#yellowtag { background-color:yellow; }
````
````
<p id="yellowtag">Yellow Tag Sale!</p>
````
</script>
</section>
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<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Selectors
* element
* element selectors let you style entire HTML elements (tags).
* Important because you might want to theme all divs or imgs or links
````
p { background-color:yellow; }
````
````
<p>Great. Everything is yellow now.</p>
````
</script>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
#fake1 {
background-color: yellow
}
</style>
<p id="fake1">Great. Everything is yellow now.</p>
</section>
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<section style="font-size: 70%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Selectors
* :context
* Selectors that behave depending on the context
* Can be chained with other selectors
* :hover - when the mouse is over
* :active - active link
* :first-letter - operate on the first letter
* :nth-child(2) - second child
````
span.x:hover { background-color:yellow; }
.x:nth-child(even) { background-color:red; }
````
````
<span class="x">How</span>
<span class="x">is</span>
<span class="x">this</span>
<span class="x">going</span>
<span class="x">to</span>
<span class="x">work?</span>
````
</script>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
span.x:hover {
background-color: yellow;
}
.x:nth-child(even) {
background-color: red;
}
</style>
<p>
<span class="x">How</span>
<span class="x">is</span>
<span class="x">this</span>
<span class="x">going</span>
<span class="x">to</span>
<span class="x">work?</span>
</p>
</section>
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<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Positioning
* position: (use left, right, top, bottom)
* fixed -- stays on one spot in the browser
````
p.fixed { position: fixed; right: 10%; top: 20%; }
````
* relative -- position relative to where it normally goes.
````
<!-- a little to the left -->
p.relative { position: relative; left:-10px; }
p.bigrelative { position: relative; left:-100px; }
````
</script>
</div>
<blockquote>
<style type="text/css">
p.fixed {
position: fixed;
right: 10%;
top: 20%;
}
p.relative {
position: relative;
left: -10px;
}
p.bigrelative {
position: relative;
left: -100px;
}
</style>
<p class="fixed">FIXED</p>
<p>!relative</p>
<p class="relative">Relative</p>
<p class="bigrelative">Big Relative</p>
</blockquote>
</section>
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<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Positioning
* position: (use left, right, top, bottom)
* absolute -- absolute positioning relative to the first parent that
was positioned (often the page itself).
````
p.abs { position: absolute; left: 10%; top: 5%; }
````
````
<p class="abs">Ab-solutely!</p>
````
* z-index can be used to order overlapping elements!
````
p.redbox { z-index: 5; position: absolute; right: 11%; top: 10%;
background-color:red;}
p.bluebox { position: absolute; right: 15%; top: 15%;
background-color:blue;}
````
````
<p class="redbox">Redbox!</p>
<p class="bluebox">Bluebox!</p>
````
</script>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
p.abs {
position: absolute;
left: 10%;
top: 5%;
}
p.redbox {
z-index: 5;
position: absolute;
right: 11%;
top: 10%;
background-color: red;
}
p.bluebox {
position: absolute;
right: 15%;
top: 15%;
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
<p class="redbox">Redbox!</p>
<p class="bluebox">Bluebox!</p>
<p class="abs">Ab-solutely!</p>
</section>
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<!-- ######################## START MARKDOWN SLIDE ########################## -->
<section style="font-size: 80%">
<div data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## CSS Text Alignment
One big problem with CSS is how to center something!