crun.1

.nh
.TH crun 1 "User Commands"

.SH NAME
.PP
crun \- a fast and lightweight OCI runtime


.SH SYNOPSIS
.PP
crun [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]


.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
crun is a command line program for running Linux containers that
follow the Open Container Initiative (OCI) format.


.SH COMMANDS
.PP
\fBcreate\fP
Create a container.  The runtime detaches from the container process
once the container environment is created.  It is necessary to
successively use \fB\fCstart\fR for starting the container.

.PP
\fBdelete\fP
Remove definition for a container.

.PP
\fBexec\fP
Exec a command in a running container.

.PP
\fBlist\fP
List known containers.

.PP
\fBkill\fP
Send the specified signal to the container init process.  If no signal
is specified, SIGTERM is used.

.PP
\fBps\fP
Show the processes running in a container.

.PP
\fBrun\fP
Create and immediately start a container.

.PP
\fBspec\fP
Generate a configuration file.

.PP
\fBstart\fP
Start a container that was previously created.  A container cannot be
started multiple times.

.PP
\fBstate\fP
Output the state of a container.

.PP
\fBpause\fP
Pause all the processes in the container.

.PP
\fBresume\fP
Resume the processes in the container.

.PP
\fBupdate\fP
Update container resource constraints.


.SH STATE
.PP
By default, when running as root user, crun saves its state under the
\fB/run/crun\fP directory.  As unprivileged user, instead the
\fIXDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR\fP environment variable is honored, and the directory
\fB$XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR/crun\fP is used.  The global option \fB\-\-root\fP
overrides this setting.


.SH GLOBAL OPTIONS
.PP
\fB\-\-debug\fP
Produce verbose output.

.PP
\fB\-\-log\fP=\fBLOG\-DESTINATION\fP
Define the destination for the error and warning messages generated by
crun.
If the error happens late in the container init process, when crun
already stopped watching it, then it will be printed to the container
stderr.

.PP
It is specified in the form \fIBACKEND:SPECIFIER\fP\&.

.PP
These following backends are supported:

.RS
.IP \(bu 2
file:PATH
.IP \(bu 2
journald:IDENTIFIER
.IP \(bu 2
syslog:IDENTIFIER

.RE

.PP
If no backend is specified, then \fIfile:\fP is used by default.

.PP
\fB\-\-log\-format\fP=\fBFORMAT\fP
Define the format of the log messages.  It can either be \fBtext\fP, or
\fBjson\fP\&.  The default is \fBtext\fP\&.

.PP
\fB\-\-no\-pivot\fP
Use \fB\fCchroot(2)\fR instead of \fB\fCpivot\_root(2)\fR when creating the container.
This option is not safe, and should be avoided.

.PP
\fB\-\-root\fP=\fBDIR\fP
Defines where to store the state for crun containers.

.PP
\fB\-\-systemd\-cgroup\fP
Use systemd for configuring cgroups.  If not specified, the cgroup is
created directly using the cgroupfs backend.

.PP
\fB\-\-cgroup\-manager=MANAGER\fP
Specify what cgroup manager must be used.  Permitted values are \fBcgroupfs\fP,
\fBsystemd\fP and \fBdisabled\fP\&.

.PP
\fB\-?\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
Print a help list.

.PP
\fB\-\-usage\fP
Print a short usage message.

.PP
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
Print program version

.SH CREATE OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] create [options] CONTAINER

.PP
\fB\-\-bundle\fP=\fBBUNDLE\fP
Path to the OCI bundle, by default it is the current directory.

.PP
\fB\-\-config\fP=\fBFILE\fP
Override the configuration file to use.  The default value is \fBconfig.json\fP\&.

.PP
\fB\-\-console\-socket\fP=\fBSOCKET\fP
Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for
the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-no\-new\-keyring\fP
Keep the same session key

.PP
\fB\-\-preserve\-fds\fP=\fBN\fP
Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-pid\-file\fP=\fBPATH\fP
Path to the file that will contain the container process PID.

.SH RUN OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] run [options] CONTAINER

.PP
\fB\-\-bundle\fP=\fBBUNDLE\fP
Path to the OCI bundle, by default it is the current directory.

.PP
\fB\-\-config\fP=\fBFILE\fP
Override the configuration file to use.  The default value is \fBconfig.json\fP\&.

.PP
\fB\-\-console\-socket\fP=\fBSOCKET\fP
Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for
the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-no\-new\-keyring\fP
Keep the same session key.

.PP
\fB\-\-preserve\-fds\fP=\fBN\fP
Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-pid\-file\fP=\fBPATH\fP
Path to the file that will contain the container process PID.

.PP
\fB\-\-detach\fP
Detach the container process from the current session.

.SH DELETE OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] delete [options] CONTAINER

.PP
\fB\-\-force\fP
Delete the container even if it is still running.

.PP
\fB\-\-regex\fP=\fBREGEX\fP
Delete all the containers that satisfy the specified regex.

.SH EXEC OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] exec [options] CONTAINER CMD

.PP
\fB\-\-console\-socket\fP=\fBSOCKET\fP
Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for
the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-cwd\fP=\fBPATH\fP
Set the working directory for the process to PATH.

.PP
\fB\-\-cap\fP=\fBCAP\fP
Specify an additional capability to add to the process.

.PP
\fB\-\-detach\fP
Detach the container process from the current session.

.PP
\fB\-\-env\fP=\fBENV\fP
Specify an environment variable.

.PP
\fB\-\-preserve\-fds\fP=\fBN\fP
Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-process\fP=\fBFILE\fP
Path to a file containing the process JSON configuration.

.PP
\fB\-\-pid\-file\fP=\fBPATH\fP
Path to the file that will contain the new process PID.

.PP
\fB\-t\fP \fB\-\-tty\fP
Allocate a pseudo TTY.

.PP
\fB\-u USERSPEC\fP \fB\-\-user\fP=\fBUSERSPEC\fP
Specify the user in the form UID[:GID].

.SH LIST OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] list [options]

.PP
\fB\-q\fP \fB\-\-quiet\fP
Show only the container ID.

.SH KILL OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] kill [options] CONTAINER SIGNAL

.PP
\fB\-\-all\fP
Kill all the processes in the container.

.PP
\fB\-\-regex\fP=\fBREGEX\fP
Kill all the containers that satisfy the specified regex.

.SH PS OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] ps [options]

.PP
\fB\-\-format=FORMAT\fP
Specify the output format.  It must be either \fB\fCtable\fR or \fB\fCjson\fR\&.
By default \fB\fCtable\fR is used.

.SH SPEC OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] spec [options]

.PP
\fB\-\-rootless\fP
Generate a config.json file that is usable by an unprivileged user.

.SH UPDATE OPTIONS
.PP
crun [global options] update [options] CONTAINER

.PP
\fB\-\-blkio\-weight\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Specifies per cgroup weight.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpu\-period\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
CPU CFS period to be used for hardcapping.

.PP
\-\-cpu\-quota\fB=\fPVALUE**
CPU CFS hardcap limit.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpu\-rt\-period\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
CPU realtime period to be used for hardcapping.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpu\-rt\-runtime\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
CPU realtime hardcap limit.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpu\-share\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
CPU shares.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpuset\-cpus\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
CPU(s) to use.

.PP
\fB\-\-cpuset\-mems\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Memory node(s) to use.

.PP
\fB\-\-kernel\-memory\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Kernel memory limit.

.PP
\fB\-\-kernel\-memory\-tcp\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Kernel memory limit for TCP buffer.

.PP
\fB\-\-memory\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Memory limit.

.PP
\fB\-\-memory\-reservation\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Memory reservation or soft\_limit.

.PP
\fB\-\-memory\-swap\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Total memory usage.

.PP
\fB\-\-pids\-limit\fP=\fBVALUE\fP
Maximum number of pids allowed in the container.

.PP
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-resources\fP=\fBFILE\fP
Path to the file containing the resources to update.


.SH Extensions to OCI
.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.seccomp\_fail\_unknown\_syscall=1\fR
.PP
If the annotation \fB\fCrun.oci.seccomp\_fail\_unknown\_syscall\fR is present, then crun
will fail when an unknown syscall is encountered in the seccomp configuration.

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.keep\_original\_groups=1\fR
.PP
If the annotation \fB\fCrun.oci.keep\_original\_groups\fR is present, then crun
will skip the \fB\fCsetgroups\fR syscall that is used to either set the
additional groups specified in the OCI configuration, or to reset the
list of additional groups if none is specified.

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.systemd.force\_cgroup\_v1=/PATH\fR
.PP
If the annotation \fB\fCrun.oci.systemd.force\_cgroup\_v1=/PATH\fR is present, then crun
will override the specified mount point \fB\fC/PATH\fR with a cgroup v1 mount
made of a single hierarchy \fB\fCnone,name=systemd\fR\&.
It is useful to run on a cgroup v2 system containers using older
versions of systemd that lack support for cgroup v2.

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.timens\_offset=ID SEC NSEC\fR
.PP
Specify the offset to be written to /proc/self/timens\_offsets when creating
a time namespace.

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.systemd.subgroup=SUBGROUP\fR
.PP
Override the name for the systemd sub cgroup created under the systemd
scope, so the final cgroup will be like:

.PP
.RS

.nf
/sys/fs/cgroup/$PATH/$SUBGROUP

.fi
.RE

.PP
When it is set to the empty string, a sub cgroup is not created.

.PP
If not specified, it defaults to \fB\fCcontainer\fR on cgroup v2, and to \fB\fC""\fR
on cgroup v1.

.PP
e.g.

.PP
.RS

.nf
/sys/fs/cgroup//system.slice/foo\-352700.scope/container

.fi
.RE

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.hooks.stdout=FILE\fR
.PP
If the annotation \fB\fCrun.oci.hooks.stdout\fR is present, then crun
will open the specified file and use it as the stdout for the hook
processes.  The file is opened in append mode and it is created if it
doesn't already exist.

.SH \fB\fCrun.oci.hooks.stderr=FILE\fR
.PP
If the annotation \fB\fCrun.oci.hooks.stderr\fR is present, then crun
will open the specified file and use it as the stderr for the hook
processes.  The file is opened in append mode and it is created if it
doesn't already exist.

.SH tmpcopyup mount options
.PP
If the \fB\fCtmpcopyup\fR option is specified for a tmpfs, then the path that
is shadowed by the tmpfs mount is recursively copied up to the tmpfs
itself.

.SH Automatically create user namespace
.PP
When running as user different than root, an user namespace is
automatically created even if it is not specified in the config file.
The current user is mapped to the ID 0 in the container, and any
additional id specified in the files \fB\fC/etc/subuid\fR and \fB\fC/etc/subgid\fR
is automatically added starting with ID 1.


.SH CGROUP v2
.PP
crun has some basic support for cgroup v2.  Since the OCI spec is
designed for cgroup v1, in some cases there is need to convert from
the cgroup v1 configuration to cgroup v2.

.PP
These are the OCI resources currently supported with cgroup v2 and how
they are converted when needed from the cgroup v1 configuration.

.SH Memory controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
limit	memory.max	y = x	swap	memory.swap\_max	y = x	reservation	memory.low	y = x	.TE

.SH PIDs controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
limit	pids.max	y = x	.TE

.SH CPU controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
shares	cpu.weight	T{
y = (1 + ((x \- 2) * 9999) / 262142)
T}
	T{
convert from [2\-262144] to [1\-10000]
T}
period	cpu.max	y = x	T{
period and quota are written together
T}
quota	cpu.max	y = x	T{
period and quota are written together
T}
.TE

.SH blkio controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
weight	io.bfq.weight	T{
y = (1 + (x \- 10) * 9999 / 990)
T}
	T{
convert linearly from [10\-1000] to [1\-10000]
T}
weight\_device	io.bfq.weight	T{
y = (1 + (x \- 10) * 9999 / 990)
T}
	T{
convert linearly from [10\-1000] to [1\-10000]
T}
rbps	io.max	y=x	wbps	io.max	y=x	riops	io.max	y=x	wiops	io.max	y=x	.TE

.SH cpuset controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
cpus	cpuset.cpus	y = x	mems	cpuset.mems	y = x	.TE

.SH hugetlb controller
.TS
allbox;
l l l l 
l l l l .
\fB\fCOCI (x)\fR	\fB\fCcgroup 2 value (y)\fR	\fB\fCconversion\fR	\fB\fCcomment\fR
\&.limit\_\&in\_\&bytes	hugetlb.\&.max	y = x	.TE