Split properties.rs into smaller modules

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

• While reviewing Refactor SortPushdown using the standard top-down visitor and using EquivalenceProperties #14821 I noticed that propertes.rs is over 4000 lines of rust and has multiple structures in it

https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties.rs

It is hard to navigate and find what is going on

Describe the solution you'd like

I would like to split properties.rs into separate modules.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Something like

datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties.rs

into

datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties/mod.rs. # contains EquivalencePropertes
datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties/dependencies.rs. # contains `DependencyMap` and `Dependencies`
datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties/joins.rs. # contains join_equivalence_properties
datafusion/physical-expr/src/equivalence/properties/union.rs. # contains calculate_union
... # any others that are needed

And move the relevant tests into the correct module

Additional context

I think this is a pretty mechanical change so flagging it as a good first issue

[Standing-Man]

Hi @alamb, I'm interested in this issue, Could you assign it with me?

[jonathanc-n]

@Standing-Man You can comment 'take' and it will automatically assign it to you

[Standing-Man]

'take'