diff --git a/examples/OpenResty/lua/group_auth.lua b/examples/OpenResty/lua/group_auth.lua
index 83e7c619..a86da9a9 100644
--- a/examples/OpenResty/lua/group_auth.lua
+++ b/examples/OpenResty/lua/group_auth.lua
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
 --     Group Authentication
 --    via X-Vouch-IdP-Groups
 -- ==============================
+-- Function to turn a table with only values into a k=>v table
+function Set (list)
+    local set = {}
+    for _, l in ipairs(list) do set[l] = true end
+    return set
+end
+-- Function to find a key in a table
+function tableHasKey(table,key)
+    return table[key] ~= nil
+end
 -- Validate that a user is in a group
 local authorized_groups = Set {
     "CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,DC=Contoso,DC=com",
@@ -29,4 +39,4 @@ if ngx.var.auth_resp_x_vouch_idp_claims_groups then
 else
     -- Throw forbidden if variable doesn't exist
     ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/examples/OpenResty/lua/user_auth.lua b/examples/OpenResty/lua/user_auth.lua
index 91f6c62a..e979cbcc 100644
--- a/examples/OpenResty/lua/user_auth.lua
+++ b/examples/OpenResty/lua/user_auth.lua
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
 --     User Authentication
 --      via X-Vouch-User
 -- ==============================
+-- Function to turn a table with only values into a k=>v table
+function Set (list)
+    local set = {}
+    for _, l in ipairs(list) do set[l] = true end
+    return set
+end
+-- Function to find a key in a table
+function tableHasKey(table,key)
+    return table[key] ~= nil
+end
 -- Validate a user in nginx, instead of vouch
 local authorized_users = Set {
     "my@account.com",
@@ -17,4 +27,4 @@ if ngx.var.auth_resp_x_vouch_user then
 else
     -- Throw forbidden if variable doesn't exist
     ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end