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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2020/04/08/high-performance-web-application/" itemprop="url">高并发Web项目</a></h2>
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<h4 id="Load-average"><a href="#Load-average" class="headerlink" title="Load average"></a>Load average</h4><p>负载对应的是一个数字：<code>load average: 1.02 1.04 1.30</code>，它们分别表示：1分钟、5分钟、15分钟内系统的平均负载。这里面最关键的是15分钟负载，相对于1分钟反应的是短时状况，它反应的是一定时间的压力。</p>
<p>可以将一个cpu内核理解为一条车道，负载为0表示无车，0.5表示车道内有一半的车，1表示车道内已经开满了车，超过1则表示已经有车在等待进入车道。所以对于一个内核，负载不要长期超过1。</p>
<p>如果有多个物理cpu，每个cpu又有多个内核，则不应该超过的负载为：<code>cpu数 x 内核数</code></p>
<p><strong>OSX</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看负载</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">></span><span class="bash"> sysctl -n vm.loadavg</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看cpu</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">></span><span class="bash"> sysctl machdep.cpu</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看CPU重要的参数是：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> CPU 内核数</span></span><br><span class="line">machdep.cpu.core_count: 4 </span><br><span class="line">machdep.cpu.thread_count: 8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>Linux</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看负载</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">></span><span class="bash"> top</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看cpu</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">></span><span class="bash"> cat /proc/cpuinfo</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Tomcat-优化配置"><a href="#Tomcat-优化配置" class="headerlink" title="Tomcat 优化配置"></a>Tomcat 优化配置</h3><p><strong>maxThreads</strong>：允许的最大线程数，默认值为200</p>
<p><strong>acceptCount</strong>：当请求数超过最大线程数时，接受排队的请求个数，默认值为100</p>
<ul>
<li>如果设的较小，超出的请求会就直接被拒绝</li>
<li>如果设的较大，可能就会出现大量的请求超时</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>As a general rule of thumb, a lightweight, high performance application should look at using a maximum of 150 (accept) threads per CPU core (so a total of 600 on a 4 core box). A more conservative setting, for more heavyweight applications would be 300 accept threads. I’d expect most requirements to be somewhere around the middle (but this will need some analysis), but this is highly situational </p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="JMeter"><a href="#JMeter" class="headerlink" title="JMeter"></a>JMeter</h3><p><strong>TPS</strong>：Transaction Per Second 事务处理能力，每秒处理事物数（打开页面、登录、选择商品、加入购物车、下单、付款）</p>
<p>主要功能模块：</p>
<ul>
<li>取样器：进行脚本逻辑控制。</li>
<li>线程组：压测场景控制。</li>
<li>监视器：监控压测运行，获取性能指标。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/07/linux_load_average_explained.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">理解Linux系统负荷</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.iocoder.cn/Performance-Testing/Tomcat-Jetty-Undertow-benchmark/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">性能测试 —— Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow 基准测试</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/96692243" target="_blank" rel="noopener">干货收藏！史上最强 Tomcat 8 性能优化来啦！| 原力计划</a></li>
<li></li>
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<h4 id="在线代码"><a href="#在线代码" class="headerlink" title="在线代码"></a>在线代码</h4><p><a href="https://juejin.im/post/5a94f9d15188257a63113a74" target="_blank" rel="noopener">如何设计一个优雅健壮的Android WebView？</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/android_webview/docs/build-instructions.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chromium build webview 说明</a></p>
<p><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/android_webview/docs/quick-start.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google WebView quick start</a></p>
<h4 id="Chromium-Android-WebView"><a href="#Chromium-Android-WebView" class="headerlink" title="Chromium Android WebView"></a>Chromium Android WebView</h4><p><a href="https://www.zybuluo.com/rogeryi/note/23693" target="_blank" rel="noopener">本文</a>讲述如何对 Chromium Content 进行封装，对外提供一个封装好的 Android View - WebView 供第三方应用使用。代码涉及 Android WebView 和 Chromium Content 模块其中的一部分。</p>
<h4 id="Android-AdvancedWebView"><a href="#Android-AdvancedWebView" class="headerlink" title="Android-AdvancedWebView"></a>Android-AdvancedWebView</h4><p>一个比较早的开源项目，查看<a href="https://github.com/delight-im/Android-AdvancedWebView" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a></p>
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<h4 id="在线代码"><a href="#在线代码" class="headerlink" title="在线代码"></a>在线代码</h4><p>从<a href="https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/netwerk/socket" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>在线浏览代码。</p>
<h4 id="tarball"><a href="#tarball" class="headerlink" title="tarball"></a>tarball</h4><p>tarball 是代码仓库的快照，打包了某个版本的全部代码，因为做了压缩，比直接<code>clone</code>下载的数据量更小，速度更稳定，也多了断点续传。国内推荐用这种方式下载，参考<a href="https://hg.cdn.mozilla.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。下载后解压成仓库的流程参考这里：<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Source_Code/Mercurial/Bundles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">解压 bundle</a>。</p>
<h4 id="Mozconfig"><a href="#Mozconfig" class="headerlink" title="Mozconfig"></a>Mozconfig</h4><p>一些编译时的配置需要放到 Mozconfig 文件里，参考<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Build_Instructions/Configuring_Build_Options" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。</p>
<h4 id="编译"><a href="#编译" class="headerlink" title="编译"></a>编译</h4><p>编译流程参考：<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Build_Instructions/Simple_Firefox_build/Linux_and_MacOS_build_preparation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。</p>
<p>其中遇到一些技术点：</p>
<p><strong>artifact</strong>：这种方式不用编译C++相关的代码，编译速度更快。适合于面向 Java 语言的开发者。</p>
<h4 id="Developer-guide"><a href="#Developer-guide" class="headerlink" title="Developer guide"></a>Developer guide</h4><p>和 Firefox 开发相关的说明全在<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。</p>
<h4 id="Working-with-Mozilla-source-code"><a href="#Working-with-Mozilla-source-code" class="headerlink" title="Working with Mozilla source code"></a>Working with Mozilla source code</h4><p>和 Mozilla 代码相关的说明全在<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Source_Code" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。包括如何检出代码，提交代码，编译等。</p>
<h4 id="Mozilla-Source-Code-Directory-Structure"><a href="#Mozilla-Source-Code-Directory-Structure" class="headerlink" title="Mozilla Source Code Directory Structure"></a>Mozilla Source Code Directory Structure</h4><p>源码目录结构，当你需要进一步熟悉各模块时，首先要区分都有哪些模块，参考：<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Source_Code/Directory_structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。一般我比较关心的几个模块：</p>
<p><strong>browser</strong>：这里是浏览器的界面和主题相关代码</p>
<p><strong>netwerk</strong>：网络套件库，也叫 Necko</p>
<p><strong>security</strong>：包含 <code>NSS</code> 和 <code>PSM</code> 两套安全套件，<code>NSS</code> 包含了用于 SSL 的密码算法</p>
<p><strong>view</strong>：一套跨平台的 UI 组件库，承担绘图、事件处理、滚动、透明化等</p>
<p><strong>widget</strong>：它是 <code>view</code> 的宿主，是 <code>view</code> 与操作系统原生的 UI 系统的枢纽</p>
<h4 id="网络层-Necko"><a href="#网络层-Necko" class="headerlink" title="网络层 Necko"></a>网络层 Necko</h4><p><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/Necko" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Necko</a> 是一个跨平台的网络库，提供了网络多层的接口。</p>
<h4 id="使用-GDB-调试"><a href="#使用-GDB-调试" class="headerlink" title="使用 GDB 调试"></a>使用 GDB 调试</h4><p>关于一些使用上可能遇到的问题，请参考<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Debugging/Debugging_Mozilla_with_gdb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a></p>
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<h4 id="编译-Java"><a href="#编译-Java" class="headerlink" title="编译 Java"></a>编译 Java</h4><p>If you are using the Hibernate native API, then you need to use the Query#setComment method like this:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List<Person> persons = (List<Person>) session.createQuery(</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"select p "</span> +</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"from Person p "</span>)</span><br><span class="line">.setComment( <span class="string">"t95=firstdraft"</span> )</span><br><span class="line">.list();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="运行"><a href="#运行" class="headerlink" title="运行"></a>运行</h4><p>If you are using JPA, then you can use a QueryHint:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List<Person> persons = entityManager.createQuery(</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"select p "</span> +</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"from Person p "</span>, Person.class)</span><br><span class="line">.setHint( <span class="string">"org.hibernate.comment"</span>, <span class="string">"t95=firstdraft"</span> )</span><br><span class="line">.getResultList();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>