-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy patho.htm
210 lines (178 loc) · 6.56 KB
/
o.htm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="mise me fein">
<meta name="KeyWords" content="gaeilge">
<title>The preposition ó</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td><h1 class="red">Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)</h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i class="red">ó = from, since </i></h2></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<h3 class="lightgreen">Case</h3>
<p>ó requires the dative.
<h3 class="lightgreen">Initial Mutations after ó</h3>
<ul>
<li>without the article: <b>lenition</b> e.g.<i> ó Chiarraí = from Kerrry</i></li>
<li>with the singular article: <b>eclipsis</b> e.g. <i>ón nGearmáin = from Germany </i>
<ul type="square">
<li>only in Munster, d, t is also eclipsed </li>
<li>in Connacht t-prefix preceding a femin. noun with s-: <i>ón tsúil = from an eye </i></li>
<li>in Ulster, <b>lenition</b>: <i>ón Ghearmáin = from Germany </i></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Interrogative</h3>
<ul>
<li><b class="red">Cé / cad uaidh</b> = from whom, from what?</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Combined with the article </h3>
<ul>
<li>ó + an (preceding a consonant): <b class="red">ón</b></li>
<li>ó + na: <b class="red">ó na</b></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="lightgreen">Combined with personal pronounes <i>and</i> possessive pronouns </span></h3>
<table border width="58%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>general</b></td>
<td><b>contrast form </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
<td><b>possessive pron.</b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">uaim</td>
<td class="red bold">uaimse</td>
<td>from me </td>
<td class="red bold">ó mo</td>
<td>from my </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">uait</td>
<td class="red bold">uaitse</td>
<td>from you </td>
<td class="red bold">ó do</td>
<td>from your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>he</td>
<td class="red bold">uaidh</td>
<td class="red bold">uaidhsean</td>
<td>from him </td>
<td class="red bold">óna</td>
<td>from hus </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>she</td>
<td class="red bold">uaithi</td>
<td class="red bold">uaithise</td>
<td>from her </td>
<td class="red bold">óna</td>
<td>from her </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>we</td>
<td class="red bold">uainn</td>
<td class="red bold">uainne</td>
<td>from us </td>
<td class="red bold">ónár</td>
<td>from our </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you(pl)</td>
<td class="red bold">uaibh</td>
<td class="red bold">uaibhse</td>
<td>from you </td>
<td class="red bold">ó bhur</td>
<td>from your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>they</td>
<td class="red bold">uathu</td>
<td class="red bold">uathusan</td>
<td>from them </td>
<td class="red bold">óna</td>
<td>from their </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="lightgreen">Combined with the indir. relative pronoun <i>and</i> with the indir. relative form of the copula</span></h3>
<table border bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td><b>tense</b></td>
<td><b>relative part.</b>
<br><b>(ó + a/ar)</b></td>
<td><b>copular form</b>
<br><b>(ó + ar)</b></td>
<td><b>copular form</b>
<br>
<b>preceding a vowel </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>present</td>
<td class="red bold">óna</td>
<td class="red bold">ónar</td>
<td class="red bold">ónarb</td>
<td>from him/her/it </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>preterite</td>
<td class="red bold">ónar</td>
<td class="red bold">ónar</td>
<td class="red bold">ónarbh</td>
<td>from him/her/it </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Combined with the numeral particle a </h3>
<table border width="30%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>ó + a</td>
<td class="red bold">óna</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>e.g. <i>óna trí go dtí a hocht a chlóg = from 3-8 O'clock</i>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Use</h3>
<ol>
<li><b>spatial point of origin: <i>from</i></b>: <i>tar ón bposta = come from the mail </i></li>
<li><b>temporal starting point: <i>from / since </i></b>: <i>ón Nollaig = since Christmas, ó mhaidin = since this morning, ó Lá Fhéile Eoin amach = from St. John's Eve on </i>,
<br>
also as a <a href="conaisc.htm">conjunction</a> <b>since</b>: <i>ó bhí sí tinn = since she was sick</i></li>
<li><b>applied point of origin: <i>from</i></b>: <i>litir uait = a letter from you, cabhair ó chairde = help from friends </i></li>
<li><b>origin <i>of, from </i></b> <i>fear ó Thrá Lí = a man <b>from</b> Tralee</i></li>
<li><b>distance <i>from</i></b>: <i>míle uaidh = a mile away (from)</i></li>
<li><b>distance / loss / absence </b>: <i>Is cuma liom agam nó uaim é = I don't care if I have it or not, is fearr d'fhear bean chéile uaidh = a man <b>without</b> a wife is better off ;-)</i></li>
<li><b>out of </b>: <i>bí ó bhaol = out of danger </i></li>
<li><b>limit: <i>from ...on</i></b>: <i>ó 10 míle suas = from 10 miles upwards, ó cúig phunt go deich bpunt = from 5 to 10 pounds </i></li>
<li><b>reason</b>: <i>bodhar ó thorann = deaf <b>from the </b>
noise, tuirseach ó shiúil = tired from walking </i></li>
<li>with adjectives: <i>deas uait = nice <b>of</b> you, maith uainn = good of us </i></li>
<li>with adjective: <i>is breá uait = do (sth.) well </i></li>
<li>needs <a href="modal.htm#wollen">need, want </a>: <span class="red">tá + object + ó + subject,</span> or <span class="red">teastíonn + object + ó + subject</span>, or <span class="red">tá + object + ag teastáil + ó + subject</span>: <i>tá spóirt uaim (</i>also<i> teastaíonn spóirt uaim) = I want to have fun, tá bainne uait (teastíonn bainne uait) = you need milk, teastíonn uaim labhairt leat = I want to speak to you </i></li>
<li><b>from ....to</b>(<i>ó...go</i>): <i>ó thús go deireadh = from beginning to end, ó lá go lá = from day to day, óna hocht go dtí a naoi = from 8-9, ó am go ham =from time to time </i></li>
<li>with <b>numbers: <i>less, minus</i></b> (note the reverse order as in English or German!): <i>a dó óna trí sin a haon = 3 - 2 = 1</i> (lit: "2 from the 3 that-is 1")</li>
</ol>
<p><br>
<hr width="100%">
<center>
<p><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="praepos.htm">prepositions</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999 / 2000</font></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/o.htm">view original German</a></body>
</html>