texturearray.cpp

/*
* Vulkan Example - Texture arrays and instanced rendering
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <time.h> 
#include <vector>

#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"

#define VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID 0
#define ENABLE_VALIDATION false

// Vertex layout for this example
struct Vertex {
	float pos[3];
	float uv[2];
};

class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	// Number of array layers in texture array
	// Also used as instance count
	uint32_t layerCount;
	vkTools::VulkanTexture textureArray;

	struct {
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo inputState;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindingDescriptions;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributeDescriptions;
	} vertices;

	struct {
		vkMeshLoader::MeshBuffer quad;
	} meshes;

	struct {
		vkTools::UniformData vertexShader;
	} uniformData;

	struct UboInstanceData {
		// Model matrix
		glm::mat4 model;
		// Texture array index
		// Vec4 due to padding
		glm::vec4 arrayIndex;
	};

	struct {
		// Global matrices
		struct {
			glm::mat4 projection;
			glm::mat4 view;
		} matrices;
		// Seperate data for each instance
		UboInstanceData *instance;		
	} uboVS;

	struct {
		VkPipeline solid;
	} pipelines;

	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	VulkanExample() : VulkanExampleBase(ENABLE_VALIDATION)
	{
		zoom = -15.0f;
		rotationSpeed = 0.25f;
		rotation = { -15.0f, 35.0f, 0.0f };
		title = "Vulkan Example - Texture arrays";
		srand(time(NULL));
	}

	~VulkanExample()
	{
		// Clean up used Vulkan resources 
		// Note : Inherited destructor cleans up resources stored in base class

		// Clean up texture resources
		vkDestroyImageView(device, textureArray.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, textureArray.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroySampler(device, textureArray.sampler, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, textureArray.deviceMemory, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.solid, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

		vkMeshLoader::freeMeshBufferResources(device, &meshes.quad);

		vkTools::destroyUniformData(device, &uniformData.vertexShader);

		delete[] uboVS.instance;
	}

	void loadTextureArray(std::string filename, VkFormat format)
	{
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
		// Textures are stored inside the apk on Android (compressed)
		// So they need to be loaded via the asset manager
		AAsset* asset = AAssetManager_open(androidApp->activity->assetManager, filename.c_str(), AASSET_MODE_STREAMING);
		assert(asset);
		size_t size = AAsset_getLength(asset);
		assert(size > 0);

		void *textureData = malloc(size);
		AAsset_read(asset, textureData, size);
		AAsset_close(asset);

		gli::texture2DArray tex2DArray(gli::load((const char*)textureData, size));
#else
		gli::texture2DArray tex2DArray(gli::load(filename));
#endif

		assert(!tex2DArray.empty());

		textureArray.width = tex2DArray.dimensions().x;
		textureArray.height = tex2DArray.dimensions().y;
		layerCount = tex2DArray.layers();

		// Get device properites for the requested texture format
		VkFormatProperties formatProperties;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &formatProperties);

		VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = vkTools::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		imageCreateInfo.format = format;
		imageCreateInfo.extent = { textureArray.width, textureArray.height, 1 };
		imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		imageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED;
		imageCreateInfo.flags = 0;

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllocInfo = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;

		struct Layer {
			VkImage image;
			VkDeviceMemory memory;
		};
		std::vector<Layer> arrayLayer;
		arrayLayer.resize(layerCount);

		// Allocate command buffer for image copies and layouts
		VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffer;
		VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAlllocatInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(
				cmdPool,
				VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
				1);
		VkResult err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAlllocatInfo, &cmdBuffer);
		assert(!err);

		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		err = vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo);
		assert(!err);

		// Load separate cube map faces into linear tiled textures
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; ++i)
		{
			err = vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &arrayLayer[i].image);
			assert(!err);

			vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, arrayLayer[i].image, &memReqs);
			memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
			getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
			err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &arrayLayer[i].memory);
			assert(!err);
			err = vkBindImageMemory(device, arrayLayer[i].image, arrayLayer[i].memory, 0);
			assert(!err);

			VkImageSubresource subRes = {};
			subRes.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

			VkSubresourceLayout subResLayout;
			void *data;

			vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(device, arrayLayer[i].image, &subRes, &subResLayout);
			assert(!err);
			err = vkMapMemory(device, arrayLayer[i].memory, 0, memReqs.size, 0, &data);
			assert(!err);
			memcpy(data, tex2DArray[i].data(), tex2DArray[i].size());
			vkUnmapMemory(device, arrayLayer[i].memory);

			// Image barrier for linear image (base)
			// Linear image will be used as a source for the copy
			vkTools::setImageLayout(
				cmdBuffer,
				arrayLayer[i].image,
				VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
		}

		// Transfer cube map faces to optimal tiling

		// Setup texture as blit target with optimal tiling
		imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = layerCount;

		err = vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &textureArray.image);
		assert(!err);

		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, textureArray.image, &memReqs);

		memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;

		getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
		err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &textureArray.deviceMemory);
		assert(!err);
		err = vkBindImageMemory(device, textureArray.image, textureArray.deviceMemory, 0);
		assert(!err);

		// Image barrier for optimal image (target)
		// Set initial layout for all array layers of the optimal (target) tiled texture
		VkImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = {};
		subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		subresourceRange.layerCount = layerCount;

		vkTools::setImageLayout(
			cmdBuffer,
			textureArray.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			subresourceRange);

		// Copy cube map faces one by one
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; ++i)
		{
			// Copy region for image blit
			VkImageCopy copyRegion = {};

			copyRegion.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
			copyRegion.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
			copyRegion.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
			copyRegion.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
			copyRegion.srcOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

			copyRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
			copyRegion.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = i;
			copyRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
			copyRegion.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
			copyRegion.dstOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

			copyRegion.extent.width = textureArray.width;
			copyRegion.extent.height = textureArray.height;
			copyRegion.extent.depth = 1;

			// Put image copy into command buffer
			vkCmdCopyImage(
				cmdBuffer,
				arrayLayer[i].image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
				textureArray.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
				1, &copyRegion);
		}

		// Change texture image layout to shader read after all layers have been copied
		textureArray.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
		vkTools::setImageLayout(
			cmdBuffer,
			textureArray.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			textureArray.imageLayout,
			subresourceRange);

		err = vkEndCommandBuffer(cmdBuffer);
		assert(!err);

		VkFence nullFence = { VK_NULL_HANDLE };

		// Submit command buffer to graphis queue
		VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = vkTools::initializers::submitInfo();
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &cmdBuffer;

		err = vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, nullFence);
		assert(!err);

		err = vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
		assert(!err);

		// Create sampler
		VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler = vkTools::initializers::samplerCreateInfo();
		sampler.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
		sampler.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
		sampler.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
		sampler.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
		sampler.addressModeV = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.addressModeW = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		sampler.maxAnisotropy = 8;
		sampler.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER;
		sampler.minLod = 0.0f;
		sampler.maxLod = 0.0f;
		sampler.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
		err = vkCreateSampler(device, &sampler, nullptr, &textureArray.sampler);
		assert(!err);

		// Create image view
		VkImageViewCreateInfo view = vkTools::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		view.image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY;
		view.format = format;
		view.components = { VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A };
		view.subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
		view.subresourceRange.layerCount = layerCount;
		view.image = textureArray.image;
		err = vkCreateImageView(device, &view, nullptr, &textureArray.view);
		assert(!err);

		// Cleanup
		for (auto& layer : arrayLayer)
		{
			vkDestroyImage(device, layer.image, nullptr);
			vkFreeMemory(device, layer.memory, nullptr);
		}
	}

	void loadTextures()
	{
		loadTextureArray(
			getAssetPath() + "textures/texturearray_bc3.ktx", 
			VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK);
	}

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
		clearValues[0].color = defaultClearColor;
		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vkTools::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		VkResult err;

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
		{
			// Set target frame buffer
			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];

			err = vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo);
			assert(!err);

			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

			VkViewport viewport = vkTools::initializers::viewport(
				(float)width,
				(float)height,
				0.0f,
				1.0f);
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);

			VkRect2D scissor = vkTools::initializers::rect2D(
				width,
				height,
				0,
				0);
			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, NULL);

			VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
			vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID, 1, &meshes.quad.vertices.buf, offsets);
			vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.quad.indices.buf, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.solid);

			vkCmdDrawIndexed(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.quad.indexCount, layerCount, 0, 0, 0);

			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			err = vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
			assert(!err);
		}
	}

	void draw()
	{
		VkResult err;

		// Get next image in the swap chain (back/front buffer)
		err = swapChain.acquireNextImage(semaphores.presentComplete, &currentBuffer);
		assert(!err);

		submitPostPresentBarrier(swapChain.buffers[currentBuffer].image);

		// Command buffer to be sumitted to the queue
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer];

		// Submit to queue
		err = vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
		assert(!err);

		submitPrePresentBarrier(swapChain.buffers[currentBuffer].image);

		err = swapChain.queuePresent(queue, currentBuffer, semaphores.renderComplete);
		assert(!err);

		err = vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
		assert(!err);
	}

	// Setup vertices for a single uv-mapped quad
	void generateQuad()
	{
#define dim 2.5f
		std::vector<Vertex> vertexBuffer =
		{
			{ {  dim,  dim, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { -dim,  dim, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { -dim, -dim, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f } },
			{ {  dim, -dim, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f } }
		};
#undef dim

		createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
			vertexBuffer.size() * sizeof(Vertex),
			vertexBuffer.data(),
			&meshes.quad.vertices.buf,
			&meshes.quad.vertices.mem);

		// Setup indices
		std::vector<uint32_t> indexBuffer = { 0,1,2, 2,3,0 };
		meshes.quad.indexCount = indexBuffer.size();

		createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
			indexBuffer.size() * sizeof(uint32_t),
			indexBuffer.data(),
			&meshes.quad.indices.buf,
			&meshes.quad.indices.mem);
	}

	void setupVertexDescriptions()
	{
		// Binding description
		vertices.bindingDescriptions.resize(1);
		vertices.bindingDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputBindingDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				sizeof(Vertex),
				VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);

		// Attribute descriptions
		// Describes memory layout and shader positions
		vertices.attributeDescriptions.resize(2);
		// Location 0 : Position
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				0,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				0);
		// Location 1 : Texture coordinates
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[1] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				1,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 3);

		vertices.inputState = vkTools::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		vertices.inputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = vertices.bindingDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertices.bindingDescriptions.data();
		vertices.inputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = vertices.attributeDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertices.attributeDescriptions.data();
	}

	void setupDescriptorPool()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes =
		{
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1),
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1)
		};

		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(
				poolSizes.size(),
				poolSizes.data(),
				2);

		VkResult vkRes = vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool);
		assert(!vkRes);
	}

	void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
				0),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader image sampler (texture array)
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
				1)
		};

		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
				setLayoutBindings.data(),
				setLayoutBindings.size());

		VkResult err = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout);
		assert(!err);

		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		err = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout);
		assert(!err);
	}

	void setupDescriptorSet()
	{
		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(
				descriptorPool,
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		VkResult vkRes = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet);
		assert(!vkRes);

		// Image descriptor for the texture array
		VkDescriptorImageInfo texArrayDescriptor =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
				textureArray.sampler,
				textureArray.view,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);

		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
				descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				0,
				&uniformData.vertexShader.descriptor),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader cubemap sampler
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
				descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				1,
				&texArrayDescriptor)
		};

		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writeDescriptorSets.size(), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
	}

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
				VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
				0,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
				VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
				VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
				VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
				0);

		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
				0xf,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
				1,
				&blendAttachmentState);

		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);

		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);

		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(
				VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
				0);

		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
		};
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(
				dynamicStateEnables.data(),
				dynamicStateEnables.size(),
				0);

		// Instacing pipeline
		// Load shaders
		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/texturearray/instancing.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/texturearray/instancing.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(
				pipelineLayout,
				renderPass,
				0);

		pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertices.inputState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
		pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();

		VkResult err = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.solid);
		assert(!err);
	}

	void prepareUniformBuffers()
	{
		uboVS.instance = new UboInstanceData[layerCount];

		VkResult err;
		uint32_t uboSize = sizeof(uboVS.matrices) + (layerCount * sizeof(UboInstanceData));

		// Vertex shader uniform buffer block
		createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			uboSize,
			&uboVS,
			&uniformData.vertexShader.buffer,
			&uniformData.vertexShader.memory,
			&uniformData.vertexShader.descriptor);

		// Array indices and model matrices are fixed
		float offset = -1.5f;
		uint32_t index = 0;
		float center = (layerCount*offset) / 2;
		for (int32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; i++)
		{
			// Instance model matrix
			uboVS.instance[i].model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), glm::vec3(0.0f, i * offset - center, 0.0f));
			uboVS.instance[i].model = glm::rotate(uboVS.instance[i].model, glm::radians(60.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			// Instance texture array index
			uboVS.instance[i].arrayIndex.x = i;
		}

		// Update instanced part of the uniform buffer
		uint8_t *pData;
		uint32_t dataOffset = sizeof(uboVS.matrices);
		uint32_t dataSize = layerCount * sizeof(UboInstanceData);
		err = vkMapMemory(device, uniformData.vertexShader.memory, dataOffset, dataSize, 0, (void **)&pData);
		assert(!err);
		memcpy(pData, uboVS.instance, dataSize);
		vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformData.vertexShader.memory);

		updateUniformBufferMatrices();
	}

	void updateUniformBufferMatrices()
	{
		// Only updates the uniform buffer block part containing the global matrices

		// Projection
		uboVS.matrices.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(60.0f), (float)width / (float)height, 0.001f, 256.0f);

		// View
		uboVS.matrices.view = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), glm::vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, zoom));
		uboVS.matrices.view = glm::rotate(uboVS.matrices.view, glm::radians(rotation.x), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.matrices.view = glm::rotate(uboVS.matrices.view, glm::radians(rotation.y), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.matrices.view = glm::rotate(uboVS.matrices.view, glm::radians(rotation.z), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

		// Only update the matrices part of the uniform buffer
		uint8_t *pData;
		VkResult err = vkMapMemory(device, uniformData.vertexShader.memory, 0, sizeof(uboVS.matrices), 0, (void **)&pData);
		assert(!err);
		memcpy(pData, &uboVS.matrices, sizeof(uboVS.matrices));
		vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformData.vertexShader.memory);
	}

	void prepare()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepare();
		setupVertexDescriptions();
		loadTextures();
		generateQuad();
		prepareUniformBuffers();
		setupDescriptorSetLayout();
		preparePipelines();
		setupDescriptorPool();
		setupDescriptorSet();
		buildCommandBuffers();
		prepared = true;
	}

	virtual void render()
	{
		if (!prepared)
			return;
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
		draw();
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
	}

	virtual void viewChanged()
	{
		updateUniformBufferMatrices();
	}
};

VulkanExample *vulkanExample;

#if defined(_WIN32)
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	if (vulkanExample != NULL)
	{
		vulkanExample->handleMessages(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return (DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam));
}
#elif defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
static void handleEvent(const xcb_generic_event_t *event)
{
	if (vulkanExample != NULL)
	{
		vulkanExample->handleEvent(event);
	}
}
#endif

// Main entry point
#if defined(_WIN32)
// Windows entry point
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
// Android entry point
void android_main(android_app* state)
#elif defined(__linux__)
// Linux entry point
int main(const int argc, const char *argv[])
#endif
{
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
	// Removing this may cause the compiler to omit the main entry point 
	// which would make the application crash at start
	app_dummy();
#endif
	vulkanExample = new VulkanExample();
#if defined(_WIN32)
	vulkanExample->setupWindow(hInstance, WndProc);
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
	// Attach vulkan example to global android application state
	state->userData = vulkanExample;
	state->onAppCmd = VulkanExample::handleAppCommand;
	state->onInputEvent = VulkanExample::handleAppInput;
	vulkanExample->androidApp = state;
#elif defined(__linux__)
	vulkanExample->setupWindow();
#endif
#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
	vulkanExample->initSwapchain();
	vulkanExample->prepare();
#endif
	vulkanExample->renderLoop();
	delete(vulkanExample);
#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
	return 0;
#endif
}