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<pre class="sourcecodebox">Read Me About NullAuthPlugin
============================
1.1
NullAuthPlugin is a sample authorization plugin that just dumps out the
authorization context in which it's run. You can use it as a template for
writing a new authorization plugin, or you can use it as a tool to debug the
authorization process.
NullAuthPlugin requires Mac OS X 10.4 or later.
Packing List
------------
The sample contains the following items:
o Read Me About NullAuthPlugin.txt -- This file.
o NullAuthPlugin.xcodeproj -- An Xcode 2.4.1 project for the plugin.
o build -- Contains a prebuilt binary.
o NullAuthPlugin.c -- C source code for the plugin.
o Info.plist -- A property list file for the plugin.
Using the Sample
----------------
WARNING: The authorization process is fundamental to the operation of the
computer. If you make a mistake during development or installation of an
authorization plugin, it's likely that you will not be able to log in in order
to fix it. I recommend that you install the plugin on a development machine
with a second bootable partition.
To install the plugin, first copy it to the "SecurityAgentPlugins" folder. The
exact approach depends on your system version. In Mac OS X 10.5 and later, you
should use:
$ sudo cp -R Desktop/NullAuthPlugin/build/Debug/NullAuthPlugin.bundle
/Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins/
$ sudo chown -R root:wheel
/Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins/NullAuthPlugin.bundle
Earlier systems do not support authorization plug-ins within the /Library
hierarchy <rdar://problem/4883523>, so you have to copy NullAuthPlugin into the
/System hierarchy instead. Here's what to do:
$ sudo cp -R Desktop/NullAuthPlugin/build/Debug/NullAuthPlugin.bundle
/System/Library/CoreServices/SecurityAgentPlugins/
Now edit the "system.login.console" rule in "/etc/authorization" to invoke the
plugin. You want to add the plug-in to the appropriate place in the
"mechanisms" array. The default "mechanisms" array (on 10.4.x) looks like this.
<key>mechanisms</key>
<array>
<string>builtin:auto-login,privileged</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:login</string>
<string>builtin:reset-password,privileged</string>
<string>authinternal</string>
<string>builtin:getuserinfo,privileged</string>
<string>builtin:sso,privileged</string>
<string>HomeDirMechanism:login,privileged</string>
<string>HomeDirMechanism:status</string>
<string>MCXMechanism:login</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:success</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:done</string>
</array>
Use your favourite text editor to invoke the plugin from this array. For
example, to investigate how the "builtin:getuserinfo" mechanism affects the
authorization context, add entries that invoke the "NullAuthPlugin" before and
after "builtin:getuserinfo". The resulting "mechanisms" array would look like
this.
<key>mechanisms</key>
<array>
<string>builtin:auto-login,privileged</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:login</string>
<string>builtin:reset-password,privileged</string>
<string>authinternal</string>
<string>NullAuthPlugin:before</string>
<string>builtin:getuserinfo,privileged</string>
<string>NullAuthPlugin:after</string>
<string>builtin:sso,privileged</string>
<string>HomeDirMechanism:login,privileged</string>
<string>HomeDirMechanism:status</string>
<string>MCXMechanism:login</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:success</string>
<string>loginwindow_builtin:done</string>
</array>
In each string (I've outdented them to make them obvious), the item before the
colon is the plugin name ("NullAuthPlugin") and the item after the colon is the
mechanism name. "NullAuthPlugin" ignores the mechanism name, so you can use it
as a comment.
The plugin logs its output to the system log. In order to see this, you'll
have to reconfigure the system log to show debugging messages. You do this by
opening "/etc/syslog.conf" and changing "kern.debug" to "*.debug"; then notify
the system of the reconfiguration with the following command.
$ sudo kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslog.pid`
Finally, to test the plugin, log out and then log back in. Upon logging back
in, launch the Console application and look at the system log
("/var/log/system.log"). You'll see something like the following.
Note: I've extensively processed these listings to make them easier to read in
this context. Specifically:
o I've remove all log lines not relevant to this discussion.
o I've removed the standard syslog prefix (date/time, host name, process
name/ID).
o I've added line numbers.
o I've elided text to make the limit the line length.
1 NullAuth:AuthorizationPluginCreate: callbacks=0x45020
2 NullAuth:AuthorizationPluginCreate: err=0, *outPlugin=0x3e76f0, [...]
3 NullAuth:MechanismCreate: [...] mechanismId='before'
4 NullAuth:MechanismCreate: err=0, *outMechanism=0x37cdc0
5 NullAuth:MechanismInvoke: inMechanism=0x37cdc0
6 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: pid=256, euid=92, ruid=92
7 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: GetSessionId err=0, sessionID=0x0
8 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: GetArguments err=-60008
9 GetContextValue key='uid', value=501
10 GetContextValue key='gid', value=501
11 GetContextValue key='home', value='/Users/quinn'
12 GetContextValue key='longname', value='Quinn'
13 GetContextValue key='username', value='quinn'
14 GetContextValue key='password', value='********'
15 GetContextValue key='shell', value='/bin/bash'
16 GetHintValue key='authorize-right', value='system.login.console'
17 GetHintValue key='authorize-rule', value='system.login.console'
18 GetHintValue key='client-path', value='/System/Library/CoreServi[...]
19 GetHintValue key='client-pid', value=248
20 GetHintValue key='client-type', value='BNDL'
21 GetHintValue key='client-uid', value=0
22 GetHintValue key='creator-pid', value=248
23 GetHintValue key='tries', value=0
24 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:AuthenticationAuthority'[...]
25 NullAuth:MechanismInvoke: err=0
26 NullAuth:MechanismCreate: [...] mechanismId='after'
27 NullAuth:MechanismCreate: err=0, *outMechanism=0x339360
28 NullAuth:MechanismInvoke: inMechanism=0x339360
29 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: pid=256, euid=92, ruid=92
30 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: GetSessionId err=0, sessionID=0x0
31 NullAuth:PrintAuthState: GetArguments err=-60008
32 GetContextValue key='uid', value=501
33 GetContextValue key='gid', value=501
34 GetContextValue key='home', value='/Users/quinn'
35 GetContextValue key='longname', value='Quinn'
36 GetContextValue key='username', value='quinn'
37 GetContextValue key='password', value='********'
38 GetContextValue key='shell', value='/bin/bash'
39 GetHintValue key='authorize-right', value='system.login.console'
40 GetHintValue key='authorize-rule', value='system.login.console'
41 GetHintValue key='client-path', value='/System/Library/CoreServi[...]
42 GetHintValue key='client-pid', value=248
43 GetHintValue key='client-type', value='BNDL'
44 GetHintValue key='client-uid', value=0
45 GetHintValue key='creator-pid', value=248
46 GetHintValue key='tries', value=0
47 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:AuthenticationHint' valu[...]
48 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:RealName', value='Quinn'
49 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:GeneratedUID', value='75[...]
50 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:NFSHomeDirectory', value[...]
51 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:Password', value='******[...]
52 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:Picture' value=2f 4c 69 [...]
53 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:PrimaryGroupID', value='[...]
54 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:UniqueID', value='501'
55 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:UserShell', value='/bin/[...]
56 GetContextValue key='dsAttrTypeStandard:AuthenticationAuthority'[...]
57 NullAuth:MechanismInvoke: err=0
58 NullAuth:MechanismDestroy: inMechanism=0x37cdc0
59 NullAuth:MechanismDestroy: inMechanism=0x339360
The first group of entries (lines 1 through 25) is the "before" case, as
denoted by the mechanismID in line 3. The second group of entries is the
"after" case. If you compare the GetContextValue/GetHintValue output of the two
cases, you'll see that the intervening mechanism ("builtin:getuserinfo") has
added numerous entries to the the authorization context (all of the entries
whose keys start with "dsAttrTypeStandard").
Building the Sample
-------------------
The sample was built using Xcode 2.4.1 on Mac OS X 10.4.10. You should be able
to just open the project and choose Build from the Build menu. This will build
"NullAuthPlugin.bundle" in the "build" directory.
How it Works
------------
The authorization plugin architecture is documented on the developer web site.
<http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Reference/AuthorizationPluginRef/index.html>
NullAuthPlugin is a trivial example of an authorization plugin. It dumps out
the authorization context to the system log and then returns
kAuthorizationResultAllow as the authorization result, which means that
authorization automatically proceeds to the next authorization plugin.
Caveats
-------
There is no way to iterate through the list of keys in the authorization
context. Thus, my code that prints the context (PrintAuthState) has a
hard-coded list of keys that I know about. This list is not authoritative; you
should feel free to add or remove entries based on your requirements.
IMPORTANT: Many of the keys included in the kStateKeys array are not considered
to be part of the defined API; see the comments in the code near the definition
of the kStateKeys array for details.
By default NullAuthPlugin will not log your password in plain text to the
system log (-: If you need to log the password, change the definition of
kIDontCareIfMyPasswordIsLogged to 1 (in PrintTypedData in "NullAuthPlugin.c")
and rebuild.
Credits and Version History
---------------------------
If you find any problems with this sample, mail <[email protected]> and I'll try to
fix them up.
1.0 (Oct 2005) was the first shipping version.
1.1 (Aug 2007) is a relatively small update to add some useful features:
- It now prints the parent process ID and the results of SessionGetInfo.
- We now support a kPlist key type, as well as the kPlistOrString.
- If you use a mechanism name of "WaitForDebugger", NullAuthPlugin will log a
simple message and then wait for you to attach with GDB.
Share and Enjoy.
Apple Developer Technical Support
Networking, Communications, Hardware
25 Oct 2007
</pre>
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