The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species that exhibits highly complex behavior that, ultimately, benefits the hive. Each individual bee operates freely under a set of simple rules and communicate findings of importance by 'dancing'. This dance carries valuable information like the position of the sun and relative geographical coordinates from the hive to the target in question. By interpreting this dance, the bees can relay on this information or act on it, thus, carrying out the will of the 'hive-mind'.
Although bees form a caste-based society and have a queen for producing offspring, there is no central authority or leader in a beehive. The highly intelligent and sophisticated behavior exhibited by a multi thousand member colony is an emergent property from the interaction of the individuals in a social network.
Nature demonstrates that decentralized systems can be resilient and can produce emergent complexity and incredible sophistication without the need for a central authority, hierarchy, or complex parts.
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
- Italic
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Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.
- Constant width
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Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.
Constant width bold
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Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.
- Constant width italic
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Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.
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This icon signifies a tip or suggestion. |
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This icon signifies a general note. |
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This icon indicates a warning or caution. |
The examples are illustrated in Solidity, JavaScript and Python, and using the command line of a Unix-like operating system. All code snippets are available in the GitHub repository in the code subdirectory of the main repository. Fork the book code, try the code examples, or submit corrections via GitHub:
All the code snippets can be replicated on most operating systems with a minimal installation of compilers, interpreters and libraries for the corresponding languages. Where necessary, we provide basic installation instructions and step-by-step examples of the output of those instructions.
Some of the code snippets and code output have been reformatted for print. In all such cases, the lines have been split by a backslash (\) character, followed by a newline character. When transcribing the examples, remove those two characters and join the lines again and you should see identical results as shown in the example.
All the code snippets use real values and calculations where possible, so that you can build from example to example and see the same results in any code you write to calculate the same values. For example, the private keys and corresponding public keys and addresses are all real. The sample transactions, contracts, blocks, and blockchain references have all been introduced in the actual Ethereum blockchain and are part of the public ledger, so you can review them on any Ethereum system.
This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.
We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Mastering Ethereum by Andreas M. Antonopoulos (O’Reilly). Copyright 2018 Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC, 978-1-491-97194-9.”
Some editions of this book are offered under an open source license, such as CC-BY-NC, in which case the terms of that license apply.
If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at [email protected].
The Ethereum addresses, transactions, keys, QR codes, and blockchain data used in this book are, for the most part, real. That means you can browse the blockchain, look at the transactions offered as examples, retrieve them with your own scripts or programs, etc.
However, note that the private keys used to construct addresses are either printed in this book, or have been "burned." That means that if you send money to any of these addresses, the money will either be lost forever, or in some cases everyone who can read the book can take it using the private keys printed in here.
Warning
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DO NOT SEND MONEY TO ANY OF THE ADDRESSES IN THIS BOOK. Your money will be taken by another reader, or lost forever. |
Note
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Information about "Mastering Ethereum" as well as the Open Edition and translations are available on: https://ethereumbook.info/
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Many thanks to all my patrons who support my work through monthly donations. You can follow my Patreon page here: https://patreon.com/aantonop
I owe my love of words and books to my mother, Theresa, who raised me in a house with books lining every wall. My mother also bought me my first computer in 1982, despite being a self-described technophobe. My father, Menelaos, a civil engineer who just published his first book at 80 years old, was the one who taught me logical and analytical thinking and a love of science and engineering.
Thank you all for supporting me throughout this journey.
Many contributors offered comments, corrections, and additions to the early-release draft on GitHub. Thank you all for your contributions to this book.
Following is an alphabetically sorted list of notable GitHub contributors, including their GitHub ID in parentheses:
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Adam Zaremba (zaremba)
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Assaf Yossifoff (assafy)
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Bryant Eisenbach (fubuloubu)
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Christopher Gondek (christophergondek)
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Cornell Blockchain (CornellBlockchain)
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Alex Frolov (sashafrolov)
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Brian Guo (BrianGuo)
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Brian Leffew (bleffew99)
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Giancarlo Pacenza (GPacenza)
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Lucas Switzer (LucasSwitz)
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Ohad Koronyo (ohadh123)
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Richard Sun (richardsfc)
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Diego H. Gurpegui (diegogurpegui)
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Franco Daniel Berdun (fMercury)
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Jason Hill (denifednu)
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Javier Rojas (fjrojasgarcia)
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Joel Gugger (guggerjoel)
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Jonathan Velando (rigzba21)
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Jon Ramvi (ramvi)
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Kevin Carter (kcar1)
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Krzysztof Nowak (krzysztof)
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Liang Ma (liangma)
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Martin Berger (drmartinberger)
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Matthew Sedaghatfar (sedaghatfar)
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Mike Pumphrey (bmmpxf)
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Nagesh Subrahmanyam (chainhead)
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Nichanan Kesonpat (nichanank)
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Pierre-Jean Subervie (pjsub)
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Pong Cheecharern (Pongch)
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Qiao Wang (qiaowang26)
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Roger Häusermann (haurog)
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Solomon Victorino (bitsol)
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Steve Klise (sklise)
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Tim Nugent (timnugent)
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Tomoya Ishizaki (zaq1tomo)
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Vignesh Karthikeyan (meshugah)
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Will Binns (wbnns)
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Xavier Lavayssière (xalava)
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Yash Bhutwala (yashbhutwala)
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Yeramin Santana (ysfdev)
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Zhen Wang (zmxv)
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ztz (zt2)