description.txt

New line characters are instruction delimiters

' is for one-line comments

Push instructions

	pushb <ASCII_code>	Pushes the character (1 byte) onto the stack
	push[i] <int_constant> 	Pushes the integer literal (2 bytes) onto the stack
	pushf <real_constant> 	Pushes the real number (4 bytes) onto the stack
	pusha <int_constant> 	Pushes the integer address (2 bytes) onto the stack
	push[a] bp 		Pushes the value of the bp register (2 bytes)

Load and store

	loadb, load[i], loadf 		Pop a memory address off the stack (2 bytes). 
					Then, they push onto the stack the content (1, 2 or 4 bytes) of
					the address popped in the previous point
	storeb, store[i], storef 	Pop from the stack 1, 2 or 4 bytes. 
					Then, they pop from the stack a memory address (2 bytes). 
					The content of the memory address is replaced with the value 
					popped in the first step

Popping and duplicating values on the stack

	popb, pop[i], popf 	Pop 1, 2 or 4 bytes, respectively, off the stack
	dupb, dup[i], dupf 	Duplicate the 1, 2 or 4 bytes, respectively, on the top of the stack

Arithmetic operations. They pop two operands, perform the operation and push the result.

	add[i], addf 	For addition
	sub[i], subf 	For subtraction
	mul[i], mulf 	For multiplication
	div[i], divf 	For division
	mod[i], modf 	For modulus

Comparison operations. They pop two operands, perform the operation and push the result.

	gt[i], gtf 	For "greater than" comparison
	lt[i], ltf 	For "lower than" comparison
	ge[i], gef 	For "greater or equal" comparison
	le[i], lef 	For "lower or equal than" comparison
	eq[i], eqf 	For "equal to" comparison
	ne[i], nef 	For "not equal" comparison

Logical operations. Pop one or two operands, perform the operation and push the result.

	and 	For the "and" logical operation
	or 		For the "or" logical operation
	not 	For the unary "not" logical operation

Input / Output

	outb, out[i], outf 	Pop one value off the stack and shows it in the console
	inb, in[i], inf 	Read a value from the keyboard and pushes it onto the stack

Conversions

	b2i 	Pops one character and pushes it as an integer
	i2f 	Pops one integer and pushes it as a real number
	f2i 	Pops one real number and pushes it as an integer
	i2b 	Pops one integer and pushes it as a character
	
Jumps
	<id>: 			Defines one label for jumps and invocations (functions).
	jmp <label>		Jumps (unconditionally) to the label specified as a parameter.
	jz <label> 		Pops one integer and jumps to the label if the popped integer is zero.
	jnz <label> 	Pops one integer and jumps to the label if the popped integer is not zero.

Functions

	<id>:			Defines a label for jumps and invocations (functions)
	call <id> 		Invokes the <id> function
	enter <int_constant> 	Allocates <int_constant> bytes on the top of the stack 
	ret <int_constant>,	Returns from a function invocation. 
	    <int_constant>, 	The first constant represents the bytes to return; 
        <int_constant> 	the second one, the bytes of all the local variables; 
				and the last one, the bytes of all the arguments.
	halt 			Terminates the program execution

Debugging info

	#source <string_constant> 	Allows the MAPL IDE to associate assembly code 
					to the high-level source program
	#line <INT_CONSTANT> 		Allows the MAPL IDE to associate the assembly code 
					corresponding to each high-level statement