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General Erlang Guidelines

Coding Guidelines

Make sure you comply with our coding guidelines

Code Coverage

Always aim at 100% code coverage for your tests. Don't deliver your code unless it has at least 75% coverage. For a deeper explanation, check this blog post

Code Checking tools

Check your code with all the available tools: xref, dialyzer and elvis. You can use gadget but don't just rely on it. Use the tools in your local environment as well.

Documentation

Exported functions in all your modules and the modules themselves, specially for open-source projects, should be documented using edoc comments.

Project Setup

All erlang projects, specially open-source libraries, should comply to these rules:

rebar.config

The project must use rebar3, for that, you will need a rebar.config.

The following lines are an example of rebar.config:

%% -*- mode: erlang;erlang-indent-level: 2;indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%% ex: ts=4 sw=4 ft=erlang et

%% == Erlang Compiler ==

%% Erlang compiler options
{erl_opts,  [ warn_unused_vars
            , warn_export_all
            , warn_shadow_vars
            , warn_unused_import
            , warn_unused_function
            , warn_bif_clash
            , warn_unused_record
            , warn_deprecated_function
            , warn_obsolete_guard
            , strict_validation
            , warn_export_vars
            , warn_exported_vars
            , warn_missing_spec
            , warn_untyped_record
            , debug_info
         ]}.

{profiles, [
  {test, [
    {deps, [
      {test_dep, {git, "https://github.com/inaka/test_dep.git", {tag, "0.0.1"}}}
    ]}
  ]},
  {shell, [
    {deps, [
      %% Sync don't have releases so we use this stable version
      {sync, {git, "https://github.com/rustyio/sync.git", {ref, "9c78e7b"}}}
    ]}
  ]}
]}.

%% == Common Test ==

{ct_compile_opts, [ warn_unused_vars
                  , warn_export_all
                  , warn_shadow_vars
                  , warn_unused_import
                  , warn_unused_function
                  , warn_bif_clash
                  , warn_unused_record
                  , warn_deprecated_function
                  , warn_obsolete_guard
                  , strict_validation
                  , warn_export_vars
                  , warn_exported_vars
                  , warn_missing_spec
                  , warn_untyped_record
                  , debug_info
                 ]}.

{ct_opts, []}.

%% == Cover ==

{cover_enabled, true}.

{cover_opts, [verbose]}.

%% == Dependencies ==

{deps, [ sumo_db           % latest version of package
       , {zipper, "1.0.0"} % version 1.0.0 of a package
       ]}.

%% == Dialyzer ==

{dialyzer, [
    {warnings, [ unmatched_returns
               , error_handling
               ]},
    {get_warnings, true},
    {plt_apps, top_level_deps},
    {plt_extra_apps, []},
    {plt_location, local},
    {base_plt_apps, [stdlib, kernel]},
    {base_plt_location, global}
]}.

%% == Shell ==

{shell, [{apps, [sync]}]}.

For more information, you can check out the official documentation or the full example.

Dependencies

All deps used in the default profile should use the packages in hex.pm. For deps used in other profiles, etc. it's a nice to have, but not mandatory.

Elvis

The project should include an updated elvis.config file. Both test and src folders and their subfolders must be checked.

Meta Testing

The project must include meta testing, using katana-test. To do that, add these lines to rebar.config:

{profiles, [
  {test, [
    {deps, [
      {katana_test, {git, "https://github.com/inaka/katana-test.git", {tag, "THE MOST RECENT VERSION"}}},
      {mixer,       {git, "https://github.com/inaka/mixer.git",       {tag, "THE MOST RECENT VERSION"}}}
    ]}
  ]}
]}.

Then add a your_app_meta_SUITE.erl file to the project's test folder:

-module(your_app_meta_SUITE).

-include_lib("mixer/include/mixer.hrl").
-mixin([{ktn_meta_SUITE
        , [ all/0
           , xref/1
           , dialyzer/1
           , elvis/1
          ]
        }]).

-export([init_per_suite/1]).

-type config() :: [{atom(), term()}].

-spec init_per_suite(config()) -> config().
init_per_suite(Config) -> [{application, your_app} | Config].

And now, before we can run the meta testing suite, we need to generate the PLT (required for Dialyzer test case) using the following command:

$ rebar3 dialyzer

Now you can run:

$ rebar3 ct

Data for hex.pm

The project's app.src file should include the following tuples:

  {licenses,["Apache 2.0"]},
  {links,[ {"Github", "https://github.com/inaka/your_app"},
           {"Docs", "http://inaka.github.io/your_app/"}, % Unless you publish the docs directly on hex.pm
           {"Blog", "http://inaka.net/blog/…"}, % If there is one
           {"Example", "https://github.com/inaka/your_app/tree/master/example"} % If there is one
         ]},
  {build_tools,["erlang.mk"]}

Building and Releasing

We use rebar3 & relx.

To generate the release you have to run:

$ rebar3 release

Steps for New Releases / Version Bumps

  1. Increase the version number inside the project's *.app.src file (this is not required if vsn is git).
  2. In the project's root directory, execute the script: github_changelog_generator -t [YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN] --future-release [NAME OF FUTURE RELEASE] (-u github_project_namespace -p github_project might also be required).
    • If you don't have a GitHub access token already, create a new one.
    • Note: the Installation instructions for github_changelog_generator can be found here.
  3. Commit those changes and create a pull request to get them merged into master.
  4. Create the new release in Github (this automatically creates the tag).
    • To do this go to the project's home page, Releases and press the Draft a new release button.
    • Use [NAME OF FUTURE RELEASE] as its name.
    • Add To see what's new check the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) as the change's description.
  5. Optionally, publish the project to hex.pm using hexer
  6. 💥