diff --git a/examples/how-tos/subgraph.ipynb b/examples/how-tos/subgraph.ipynb
index bd6660354..c7213dc2c 100644
--- a/examples/how-tos/subgraph.ipynb
+++ b/examples/how-tos/subgraph.ipynb
@@ -81,39 +81,29 @@
    "id": "38d1f06f",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stderr",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "[WARN]: You have enabled LangSmith tracing without backgrounding callbacks.\n",
-      "[WARN]: If you are not using a serverless environment where you must wait for tracing calls to finish,\n",
-      "[WARN]: we suggest setting \"process.env.LANGCHAIN_CALLBACKS_BACKGROUND=true\" to avoid additional latency.\n"
-     ]
-    },
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
       "{\n",
-      "  name: \u001b[32m'test'\u001b[39m,\n",
+      "  name: 'test',\n",
       "  path: [\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'grandparent'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'parent'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'grandparent'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'parent'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'child_start'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'child_middle'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'child_end'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'sibling'\u001b[39m,\n",
-      "    \u001b[32m'fin'\u001b[39m\n",
+      "    'grandparent',\n",
+      "    'parent',\n",
+      "    'grandparent',\n",
+      "    'parent',\n",
+      "    'child_start',\n",
+      "    'child_middle',\n",
+      "    'child_end',\n",
+      "    'sibling',\n",
+      "    'fin'\n",
       "  ]\n",
       "}\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "import { END, START, StateGraph } from \"@langchain/langgraph\";\n",
-    "import { StateGraphArgs } from \"@langchain/langgraph\";\n",
+    "import { END, START, StateGraph, Annotation } from \"@langchain/langgraph\";\n",
     "\n",
     "function reduceList(\n",
     "  left?: string[] | string,\n",
@@ -132,27 +122,18 @@
     "  return [...left, ...right];\n",
     "}\n",
     "\n",
-    "// Define the state type\n",
-    "interface IState {\n",
-    "  name: string;\n",
-    "  path: string[];\n",
-    "}\n",
-    "\n",
-    "const graphState: StateGraphArgs<IState>[\"channels\"] = {\n",
-    "  name: {\n",
+    "const GraphState = Annotation.Root({\n",
+    "  name: Annotation<string>({\n",
     "    // Overwrite name if a new one is provided\n",
-    "    value: (x: string, y?: string) => (y ? y : x),\n",
+    "    reducer: (x, y) => y ?? x,\n",
     "    default: () => \"default\",\n",
-    "  },\n",
-    "  path: {\n",
-    "    // Concatenate paths\n",
-    "    value: reduceList,\n",
-    "    default: () => [],\n",
-    "  },\n",
-    "};\n",
+    "  }),\n",
+    "  path: Annotation<string[]>({\n",
+    "    reducer: reduceList,\n",
+    "  }),\n",
+    "});\n",
     "\n",
-    "const childBuilder = new StateGraph<IState>({ channels: graphState });\n",
-    "childBuilder\n",
+    "const childBuilder = new StateGraph(GraphState)\n",
     "  .addNode(\"child_start\", (_state) => ({ path: [\"child_start\"] }))\n",
     "  .addEdge(START, \"child_start\")\n",
     "  .addNode(\"child_middle\", (_state) => ({ path: [\"child_middle\"] }))\n",
@@ -161,11 +142,7 @@
     "  .addEdge(\"child_middle\", \"child_end\")\n",
     "  .addEdge(\"child_end\", END);\n",
     "\n",
-    "const builder = new StateGraph<IState>({\n",
-    "  channels: graphState,\n",
-    "});\n",
-    "\n",
-    "builder\n",
+    "const builder = new StateGraph(GraphState)\n",
     "  .addNode(\"grandparent\", (_state) => ({ path: [\"grandparent\"] }))\n",
     "  .addEdge(START, \"grandparent\")\n",
     "  .addNode(\"parent\", (_state) => ({ path: [\"parent\"] }))\n",
@@ -213,10 +190,29 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "id": "34a51908",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "{\n",
+      "  name: 'test',\n",
+      "  path: [\n",
+      "    { val: 'grandparent', id: 'd0cb05ae-85d7-4cf6-adf3-b78259509cb4' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'parent', id: 'b5adf2c8-d70b-4f5a-b87c-c2ae09a5d046' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'child_start', id: '57ac546a-a709-4a7d-bd17-90f1a8d4d338' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'child_middle', id: '237b9419-dd07-4602-8abb-4b959228e2a2' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'child_end', id: 'c02960fa-0aff-4f21-a35b-07eb8870bd90' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'sibling', id: 'b097055f-530c-47c7-b704-245f2b2edfcc' },\n",
+      "    { val: 'fin', id: '4ca6eae6-f265-4780-ae1c-c854bf7939dc' }\n",
+      "  ]\n",
+      "}\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
    "source": [
     "import { v4 as uuidv4 } from \"uuid\";\n",
     "\n",
@@ -266,29 +262,18 @@
     "  return merged;\n",
     "}\n",
     "\n",
-    "interface IStateWithIds {\n",
-    "  name: string;\n",
-    "  path: ValWithId[];\n",
-    "}\n",
-    "\n",
-    "const graphState2: StateGraphArgs<IStateWithIds>[\"channels\"] = {\n",
-    "  name: {\n",
+    "const GraphStateWithIds = Annotation.Root({\n",
+    "  name: Annotation<string>({\n",
     "    // Overwrite name if a new one is provided\n",
-    "    value: (x: string, y?: string) => (y ? y : x),\n",
+    "    reducer: (x, y) => y ?? x,\n",
     "    default: () => \"default\",\n",
-    "  },\n",
-    "  path: {\n",
-    "    // Concatenate paths\n",
-    "    value: reduceListWithIds,\n",
-    "    default: () => [],\n",
-    "  },\n",
-    "};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "const childBuilderWithIds = new StateGraph<IStateWithIds>({\n",
-    "  channels: graphState2,\n",
+    "  }),\n",
+    "  path: Annotation<ValWithId[]>({\n",
+    "    reducer: reduceListWithIds,\n",
+    "  }),\n",
     "});\n",
     "\n",
-    "childBuilderWithIds\n",
+    "const childBuilderWithIds = new StateGraph(GraphStateWithIds)\n",
     "  .addNode(\"child_start\", (_state) => ({\n",
     "    path: [{ val: \"child_start\" }],\n",
     "  }))\n",
@@ -303,11 +288,7 @@
     "  .addEdge(\"child_middle\", \"child_end\")\n",
     "  .addEdge(\"child_end\", END);\n",
     "\n",
-    "const builderWithIds = new StateGraph<IStateWithIds>({\n",
-    "  channels: graphState2,\n",
-    "});\n",
-    "\n",
-    "builderWithIds\n",
+    "const builderWithIds = new StateGraph(GraphStateWithIds)\n",
     "  .addNode(\"grandparent\", (_state) => ({\n",
     "    path: [{ val: \"grandparent\" }],\n",
     "  }))\n",