diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/operation.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/operation.hpp
index 5e0d5cd80a..bedff67ae9 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/operation.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/operation.hpp
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ class BC_API operation
     static constexpr opcode opcode_from_version(uint8_t value) NOEXCEPT;
     static constexpr opcode opcode_from_positive(uint8_t value) NOEXCEPT;
 
-    static VCONSTEXPR opcode minimal_opcode_from_data(
+    static constexpr opcode minimal_opcode_from_data(
         const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR opcode nominal_opcode_from_data(
+    static constexpr opcode nominal_opcode_from_data(
         const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Categories of opcodes.
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/script.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/script.hpp
index 4df1506a52..b1e70de9ad 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/script.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/script.hpp
@@ -50,23 +50,23 @@ class BC_API script
 
     /// Determine if the flag is enabled in the active flags set.
     static constexpr bool is_enabled(uint32_t active_flags, flags flag) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_push_only_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_relaxed_push_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_commitment_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_witness_program_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_null_data_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_op_return_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_public_key_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_witness_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_witness_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_pay_witness_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_sign_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_sign_public_key_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_sign_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_sign_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_push_only_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_relaxed_push_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_commitment_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_witness_program_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_null_data_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_op_return_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_public_key_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_witness_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_witness_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_pay_witness_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_sign_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_sign_public_key_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_sign_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr bool is_sign_script_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT;
     static bool is_coinbase_pattern(const operations& ops, size_t height) NOEXCEPT;
 
     static inline operations to_pay_null_data_pattern(
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/witness.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/witness.hpp
index 2e3544e3fe..28e9df972e 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/witness.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/witness.hpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class BC_API witness
     /// Skip a witness (as if deserialized).
     static void skip(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT;
 
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_push_size(const chunk_cptrs& stack) NOEXCEPT
+    static constexpr bool is_push_size(const chunk_cptrs& stack) NOEXCEPT
     {
         return std::all_of(stack.begin(), stack.end(),
             [](const auto& element) NOEXCEPT
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class BC_API witness
     }
 
     /// The (only) coinbase witness must be (arbitrary) 32-byte value (bip141).
-    static VCONSTEXPR bool is_reserved_pattern(const chunk_cptrs& stack) NOEXCEPT
+    static constexpr bool is_reserved_pattern(const chunk_cptrs& stack) NOEXCEPT
     {
         return is_one(stack.size()) && stack.front()->size() == hash_size;
     }
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_reference.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_reference.hpp
index ab3b7a1fbf..9b64783323 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_reference.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_reference.hpp
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ class data_reference
     constexpr data_reference(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// std::string constructor (casts char to uint8_t).
-    SCONSTEXPR data_reference(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_reference(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// data_chunk constructor.
-    VCONSTEXPR data_reference(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_reference(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// data_array constructor.
     template <size_type Size>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class data_reference
 
     /// Byte vector constructor (casts Byte to uint8_t).
     template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte> = true>
-    VCONSTEXPR data_reference(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_reference(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Byte iterators constructor (casts to uint8_t).
     template <typename Iterator>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slab.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slab.hpp
index 7e3f9573d1..b0dda857af 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slab.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slab.hpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class data_slab
     // TODO: test.
     /// Byte vector constructor (casts Byte to uint8_t).
     template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte> = true>
-    VCONSTEXPR data_slab(std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_slab(std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     // TODO: restrict to iterator-to-non-const references.
     /// Byte iterators constructor (casts to uint8_t).
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class data_slab
 
     // TODO: test.
     /// String constructor (casts char to uint8_t).
-    SCONSTEXPR data_slab(std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_slab(std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Methods.
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class data_slab
     inline std_vector<value_type> to_chunk() const NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Convert data to a string (casts uint8_t to char).
-    SCONSTEXPR std::string to_string() const NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr std::string to_string() const NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Cast buffer to a data_slice.
     constexpr data_slice to_slice() const NOEXCEPT;
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class data_slab
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     ////template<size_type Size>
     ////constexpr operator std_array<value_type, Size>() const NOEXCEPT;
-    ////VCONSTEXPR operator std_vector<value_type>() const NOEXCEPT;
+    ////constexpr operator std_vector<value_type>() const NOEXCEPT;
     constexpr operator data_slice() const NOEXCEPT;
     constexpr value_type operator[](size_type index) const NOEXCEPT;
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class data_slab
         size_type size) NOEXCEPT;
 
     template <typename Pointer>
-    static SVCONSTEXPR data_slab from_size_(const Pointer begin,
+    static constexpr data_slab from_size_(const Pointer begin,
         size_type size) NOEXCEPT;
 
     pointer begin_;
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slice.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slice.hpp
index 0205e34691..9b780d506f 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slice.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/data/data_slice.hpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class data_slice
 
     /// Byte vector constructor (casts Byte to uint8_t).
     template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte> = true>
-    VCONSTEXPR data_slice(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_slice(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
     // TODO: restrict to iterator-to-const references.
     /// Byte iterators constructor (casts to uint8_t).
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ class data_slice
     constexpr data_slice(const Byte* begin, const Byte* end) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// String constructor (casts char to uint8_t).
-    SCONSTEXPR data_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Byte initializer list constructor.
-    SVCONSTEXPR data_slice(std::initializer_list<value_type> bytes) NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr data_slice(std::initializer_list<value_type> bytes) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Methods.
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class data_slice
     inline std_vector<value_type> to_chunk() const NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Convert data to a string (casts uint8_t to char).
-    SCONSTEXPR std::string to_string() const NOEXCEPT;
+    constexpr std::string to_string() const NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Resize the slice by decrementing the end pointer.
     /// This is the only mutable action that can be taken on the slice.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class data_slice
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     ////template<size_type Size>
     ////constexpr operator std_array<value_type, Size>() const NOEXCEPT;
-    ////VCONSTEXPR operator std_vector<value_type>() const NOEXCEPT;
+    ////constexpr operator std_vector<value_type>() const NOEXCEPT;
     constexpr value_type operator[](size_type index) const NOEXCEPT;
 
 private:
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class data_slice
         Pointer begin, size_type size) NOEXCEPT;
 
     template <typename Pointer>
-    static SVCONSTEXPR data_slice from_size_(
+    static constexpr data_slice from_size_(
         Pointer begin, size_type size) NOEXCEPT;
 
     pointer begin_;
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/data/exclusive_slice.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/data/exclusive_slice.hpp
index 48f597839a..b5ff0744f1 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/data/exclusive_slice.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/data/exclusive_slice.hpp
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ class exclusive_slice
     {
     }
 
-    SCONSTEXPR exclusive_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
+    constexpr exclusive_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
       : data_slice(text)
     {
     }
 
-    SVCONSTEXPR exclusive_slice(std::initializer_list<value_type> bytes) NOEXCEPT
+    constexpr exclusive_slice(std::initializer_list<value_type> bytes) NOEXCEPT
       : data_slice(bytes.begin(), bytes.end())
     {
     }
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/data/string.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/data/string.hpp
index 48f8fddca3..367400e8d7 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/data/string.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/data/string.hpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace system {
 /// Casts bytes directly into the string member.
 /// to_string(to_chunk(string)) == string.
 /// to_string(to_array(string)) == string.
-SCONSTEXPR std::string to_string(const data_slice& bytes) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr std::string to_string(const data_slice& bytes) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return bytes.to_string();
 }
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/integers.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/integers.hpp
index 6ddef662da..2bc0bcc6e9 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/integers.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/integers.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ constexpr Integer from_big_array(size_t length,
     const data_array<Size>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <typename Integer, if_integer<Integer> = true>
-VCONSTEXPR Integer from_big_chunk(size_t length,
+constexpr Integer from_big_chunk(size_t length,
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 /// Native endianness integer from little-endian data.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ constexpr Integer from_little_array(size_t length,
     const data_array<Size>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <typename Integer, if_integer<Integer> = true>
-VCONSTEXPR Integer from_little_chunk(size_t length,
+constexpr Integer from_little_chunk(size_t length,
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 } // namespace system
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/nominal.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/nominal.hpp
index 41cf01cf4d..9869d34725 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/nominal.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/nominal.hpp
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ constexpr Integral from_little_endian(const data_array<Size>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <typename Integral,
     if_integral_integer<Integral> = true>
-VCONSTEXPR Integral from_big_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr Integral from_big_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <typename Integral,
     if_integral_integer<Integral> = true>
-VCONSTEXPR Integral from_little_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr Integral from_little_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 } // namespace system
 } // namespace libbitcoin
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/uintx_t.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/uintx_t.hpp
index 3ae546544f..d8b014e27f 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/endian/uintx_t.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/endian/uintx_t.hpp
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_array(
     const data_array<Size>& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <size_t Size>
-VCONSTEXPR uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_big_endian_chunk(
+constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_big_endian_chunk(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 template <size_t Size>
-VCONSTEXPR uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_chunk(
+constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_chunk(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 } // namespace system
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/hash/sha/algorithm.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/hash/sha/algorithm.hpp
index 400460b5c8..7258aa7d62 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/hash/sha/algorithm.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/hash/sha/algorithm.hpp
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ class algorithm
 
     /// Merkle hashing (sha256/512).
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    static VCONSTEXPR digests_t& merkle_hash(digests_t& digests) NOEXCEPT;
-    static VCONSTEXPR digest_t merkle_root(digests_t&& digests) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr digests_t& merkle_hash(digests_t& digests) NOEXCEPT;
+    static constexpr digest_t merkle_root(digests_t&& digests) NOEXCEPT;
 
 protected:
     /// Intrinsics constants.
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ class algorithm
     INLINE static void merkle_hash_vector(idigests_t& digests,
         iblocks_t& blocks) NOEXCEPT;
     INLINE static void merkle_hash_vector(digests_t& digests) NOEXCEPT;
-    VCONSTEXPR static void merkle_hash_(digests_t& digests,
+    constexpr static void merkle_hash_(digests_t& digests,
         size_t offset=zero) NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// sigma0 vectorization (single blocks).
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/have.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/have.hpp
index 41915e43cb..31ed4f9758 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/have.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/have.hpp
@@ -189,30 +189,18 @@
 #if defined(HAVE_CPP20)
     // All versions.
     #if defined(HAVE_MSC)
-        #define HAVE_RANGES
         #define HAVE_CONSTEVAL
-        #define HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR
-        #define HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR
     #elif defined(HAVE_CLANG)
         // Apple clang version 15
         #if defined(HAVE_APPLE)
-            #define HAVE_RANGES
             #define HAVE_CONSTEVAL
-            #define HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR
-            #define HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR
         // Ubuntu clang version 16
         #else
-            #define HAVE_RANGES
             ////#define HAVE_CONSTEVAL (v17)
-            #define HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR
-            #define HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR
         #endif
     // gcc version 12
     #elif defined(HAVE_GCC)
-        #define HAVE_RANGES
         #define HAVE_CONSTEVAL
-        #define HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR
-        #define HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR
     #endif
 #endif
 
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/operation.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/operation.ipp
index bb121eff55..f090057c93 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/operation.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/operation.ipp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ constexpr opcode operation::opcode_from_positive(uint8_t value) NOEXCEPT
 
 // Compute the minimal data opcode for a given chunk of data.
 // Caller should clear data if converting to non-payload opcode.
-VCONSTEXPR opcode operation::minimal_opcode_from_data(
+constexpr opcode operation::minimal_opcode_from_data(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     const auto size = data.size();
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR opcode operation::minimal_opcode_from_data(
 
 // Compute the nominal data opcode for a given chunk of data.
 // Restricted to sized data, avoids conversion to numeric opcodes.
-VCONSTEXPR opcode operation::nominal_opcode_from_data(
+constexpr opcode operation::nominal_opcode_from_data(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return opcode_from_size(data.size());
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/script.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/script.ipp
index cfd25f32c7..b93e312df2 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/script.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/chain/script.ipp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ constexpr bool script::is_enabled(uint32_t active_flags, flags flag) NOEXCEPT
     return to_bool(flag & active_flags);
 }
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_push_only_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_push_only_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     const auto push = [](const operation& op) NOEXCEPT
     {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_push_only_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used to activate bip16 validation rules.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_relaxed_push_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_relaxed_push_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     const auto push = [&](const operation& op) NOEXCEPT
     {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_relaxed_push_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used to commit to bip141 witness data.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_commitment_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_commitment_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     constexpr auto header = to_big_endian(chain::witness_head);
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_commitment_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used in bip141 validation rules.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_witness_program_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_witness_program_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_witness_program_pattern(
 }
 
 // The satoshi client now enables configurable data size for policy.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_null_data_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_null_data_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
         && ops[0].code() == opcode::op_return
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_null_data_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 // Used by neutrino.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_op_return_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_op_return_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return !ops.empty()
         && ops[0].code() == opcode::op_return;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_op_return_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 // The current 16 (or 20) limit does not affect server indexing because bare
 // multisig is not indexable and p2sh multisig is byte-limited to 15 sigs.
 // The satoshi client policy limit is 3 signatures for bare multisig.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     constexpr auto op_1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(opcode::push_positive_1);
     constexpr auto op_16 = static_cast<uint8_t>(opcode::push_positive_16);
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 // The satoshi client considers this non-standard for policy.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_public_key_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_public_key_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_public_key_pattern(
         && ops[1].code() == opcode::checksig;
 }
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 5
         && ops[0].code() == opcode::dup
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used to activate bip16 validation rules.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_script_hash_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_script_hash_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 3
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_script_hash_pattern(
         && ops[2].code() == opcode::equal;
 }
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_witness_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_witness_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
         && ops[0].is_version()
         && ops[1].is_push();
 }
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_witness_key_hash_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_witness_key_hash_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_witness_key_hash_pattern(
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used to activate bip141 validation rules.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_witness_script_hash_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_pay_witness_script_hash_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_pay_witness_script_hash_pattern(
 // The first push is based on wacky satoshi op_check_multisig behavior that
 // we must perpetuate, though it's appearance here is policy not consensus.
 // Limiting to push_size_0 removes pattern ambiguity with little downside.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_sign_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     const auto endorsement = [](const operation& op) NOEXCEPT
     {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_multisig_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
         && std::all_of(std::next(ops.begin()), ops.end(), endorsement);
 }
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_public_key_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_sign_public_key_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 1
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_public_key_pattern(
 // ****************************************************************************
 // CONSENSUS: this pattern is used to activate bip141 validation rules.
 // ****************************************************************************
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr bool script::is_sign_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return ops.size() == 2
         && is_endorsement(ops[0].data())
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_key_hash_pattern(const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 
 // Ambiguous with is_sign_key_hash when second/last op is a public key.
 // Ambiguous with is_sign_public_key_pattern when only op is endorsement.
-VCONSTEXPR bool script::is_sign_script_hash_pattern(
+constexpr bool script::is_sign_script_hash_pattern(
     const operations& ops) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return !ops.empty()
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_reference.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_reference.ipp
index bb3e3fcf45..362e2e5ecd 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_reference.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_reference.ipp
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ constexpr data_reference::data_reference(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
 }
 
-// data_slice(std::string) is SCONSTEXPR.
-SCONSTEXPR data_reference::data_reference(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
+// data_slice(std::string) is constexpr.
+constexpr data_reference::data_reference(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(text)
 {
 }
 
-// data_slice(std_vector) is VCONSTEXPR.
-VCONSTEXPR data_reference::data_reference(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
+// data_slice(std_vector) is constexpr.
+constexpr data_reference::data_reference(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(data)
 {
 }
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ constexpr data_reference::data_reference(
 {
 }
 
-// data_slice(std_vector) is VCONSTEXPR.
+// data_slice(std_vector) is constexpr.
 // Byte vector constructor (casts Byte to uint8_t).
 template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte>>
-VCONSTEXPR data_reference::data_reference(
+constexpr data_reference::data_reference(
     const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(data)
 {
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slab.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slab.ipp
index 764c79a7d8..4ab2ac341e 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slab.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slab.ipp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ constexpr data_slab::data_slab(std_array<Byte, Size>& data) NOEXCEPT
 
 // std_vector.begin not constexpr (need full C++20).
 template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte>>
-VCONSTEXPR data_slab::data_slab(std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr data_slab::data_slab(std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slab(from_size_(data.begin(), data.size()))
 {
 }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ constexpr data_slab::data_slab() NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 // std::string.begin not constexpr (need full C++20).
-SCONSTEXPR data_slab::data_slab(std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr data_slab::data_slab(std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slab(from_size_(text.begin(), text.size()))
 {
 }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ constexpr data_slab data_slab::from_size(const Pointer begin,
 
 // static
 template <typename Pointer>
-SVCONSTEXPR data_slab data_slab::from_size_(const Pointer begin,
+constexpr data_slab data_slab::from_size_(const Pointer begin,
     size_type size) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_size(begin, size);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ inline std_vector<data_slab::value_type> data_slab::to_chunk() const NOEXCEPT
     return { begin_, end_ };
 }
 
-SCONSTEXPR std::string data_slab::to_string() const NOEXCEPT
+constexpr std::string data_slab::to_string() const NOEXCEPT
 {
     return { begin_, end_ };
 }
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ constexpr bool data_slab::empty() const NOEXCEPT
 ////    return to_array<Size>();
 ////}
 ////
-////VCONSTEXPR data_slab::operator
+////constexpr data_slab::operator
 ////std_vector<data_slab::value_type>() const NOEXCEPT
 ////{
 ////    return data_slab::to_chunk();
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slice.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slice.ipp
index 00c52ee217..f852e9b750 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slice.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/data/data_slice.ipp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ constexpr data_slice::data_slice(const std_array<Byte, Size>& data) NOEXCEPT
 
 // std_vector.begin not constexpr (need full C++20).
 template <typename Byte, if_one_byte<Byte>>
-VCONSTEXPR data_slice::data_slice(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr data_slice::data_slice(const std_vector<Byte>& data) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(from_size_(data.begin(), data.size()))
 {
 }
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ constexpr data_slice::data_slice() NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 // std::string.begin not constexpr (need full C++20).
-SCONSTEXPR data_slice::data_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr data_slice::data_slice(const std::string& text) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(from_size_(text.begin(), text.size()))
 {
 }
 
-SVCONSTEXPR data_slice::data_slice(
+constexpr data_slice::data_slice(
     std::initializer_list<value_type> bytes) NOEXCEPT
   : data_slice(from_size_(bytes.begin(), bytes.size()))
 {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ constexpr data_slice data_slice::from_size(Pointer begin,
 
 // static
 template <typename Pointer>
-SVCONSTEXPR data_slice data_slice::from_size_(Pointer begin,
+constexpr data_slice data_slice::from_size_(Pointer begin,
     size_type size) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_size(begin, size);
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ to_chunk() const NOEXCEPT
     return { begin_, end_ };
 }
 
-SCONSTEXPR std::string data_slice::to_string() const NOEXCEPT
+constexpr std::string data_slice::to_string() const NOEXCEPT
 {
     return { begin_, end_ };
 }
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ constexpr bool data_slice::empty() const NOEXCEPT
 ////}
 ////
 ////
-////VCONSTEXPR data_slice::
+////constexpr data_slice::
 ////operator std_vector<data_slice::value_type>() const NOEXCEPT
 ////{
 ////    return data_slice::to_chunk();
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/integers.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/integers.ipp
index d337c61c4b..39c7eb6621 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/integers.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/integers.ipp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ constexpr Integer from_big_array(size_t length,
 }
 
 template <typename Integer, if_integer<Integer>>
-VCONSTEXPR Integer from_big_chunk(size_t length,
+constexpr Integer from_big_chunk(size_t length,
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     if constexpr (is_one(sizeof(Integer)))
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ constexpr Integer from_little_array(size_t length,
 }
 
 template <typename Integer, if_integer<Integer>>
-VCONSTEXPR Integer from_little_chunk(size_t length,
+constexpr Integer from_little_chunk(size_t length,
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     if constexpr (is_one(sizeof(Integer)))
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/nominal.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/nominal.ipp
index 6c50f5ff15..c843092497 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/nominal.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/nominal.ipp
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ constexpr Integral from_little_endian(const data_array<Size>& data) NOEXCEPT
 
 template <typename Integral,
     if_integral_integer<Integral>>
-VCONSTEXPR Integral from_big_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr Integral from_big_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_big_chunk<Integral>(sizeof(Integral), data);
 }
 
 template <typename Integral,
     if_integral_integer<Integral>>
-VCONSTEXPR Integral from_little_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr Integral from_little_endian(const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_little_chunk<Integral>(sizeof(Integral), data);
 }
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/uintx_t.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/uintx_t.ipp
index d9e80d2f08..da4c901068 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/uintx_t.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/endian/uintx_t.ipp
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_array(
 }
 
 template <size_t Size>
-VCONSTEXPR uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_big_endian_chunk(
+constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_big_endian_chunk(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_big_chunk<uintx_t<to_bits(Size)>>(Size, data);
 }
 
 template <size_t Size>
-VCONSTEXPR uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_chunk(
+constexpr uintx_t<to_bits(Size)> uintx_from_little_endian_chunk(
     const data_chunk& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return from_little_chunk<uintx_t<to_bits(Size)>>(Size, data);
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/hash/sha/algorithm_merkle.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/hash/sha/algorithm_merkle.ipp
index 6df45eee13..720efe6f24 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/hash/sha/algorithm_merkle.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/hash/sha/algorithm_merkle.ipp
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ xoutput(idigests_t& digests, const xstate_t<xWord>& xstate) NOEXCEPT
 // protected
 
 TEMPLATE
-VCONSTEXPR void CLASS::
+constexpr void CLASS::
 merkle_hash_(digests_t& digests, size_t offset) NOEXCEPT
 {
     const auto blocks = to_half(digests.size());
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ merkle_hash_vector(digests_t& digests) NOEXCEPT
 // converting input/output (nop) functions.
 
 TEMPLATE
-VCONSTEXPR typename CLASS::digest_t CLASS::
+constexpr typename CLASS::digest_t CLASS::
 merkle_root(digests_t&& digests) NOEXCEPT
 {
     static_assert(is_same_type<state_t, chunk_t>);
@@ -450,20 +450,16 @@ merkle_root(digests_t&& digests) NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 TEMPLATE
-VCONSTEXPR typename CLASS::digests_t& CLASS::
+constexpr typename CLASS::digests_t& CLASS::
 merkle_hash(digests_t& digests) NOEXCEPT
 {
     static_assert(is_same_type<state_t, chunk_t>);
 
-// Avoid tautological warning (std::is_constant_evaluated() always false).
-#if defined(HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     if (std::is_constant_evaluated())
     {
         merkle_hash_(digests);
     }
-    else
-#endif
-    if constexpr (vector)
+    else if constexpr (vector)
     {
         // Merkle block vectorization is applied at 16/8/4 lanes (as available)
         // and falls back to native/normal (as available) for 3/2/1 lanes.
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/radix/base_16.ipp b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/radix/base_16.ipp
index b2f5c60b3f..84e1a7d526 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/impl/radix/base_16.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/impl/radix/base_16.ipp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ constexpr uint8_t encode_octet(
 // Encoding of data_slice to hex string.
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-SCONSTEXPR std::string encode_base16(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr std::string encode_base16(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT
 {
     std::string out;
     out.resize(data.size() * octet_width);
@@ -109,14 +109,13 @@ SCONSTEXPR std::string encode_base16(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT
     return out;
 }
 
-// std::string is SCONSTEXPR
-SRCONSTEXPR std::string encode_hash(const data_slice& hash) NOEXCEPT
+// std::string is constexpr
+constexpr std::string encode_hash(const data_slice& hash) NOEXCEPT
 {
     std::string out;
     out.resize(hash.size() * octet_width);
     auto digit = out.begin();
 
-    // views_reverse is RCONSTEXPR
     for (const auto byte: std::views::reverse(hash))
     {
         *digit++ = to_base16_character(shift_right(byte, to_half(byte_bits)));
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ SRCONSTEXPR std::string encode_hash(const data_slice& hash) NOEXCEPT
 // Decoding of hex string to data_array or data_chunk.
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-VCONSTEXPR bool decode_base16(data_chunk& out,
+constexpr bool decode_base16(data_chunk& out,
     const std::string& in) NOEXCEPT
 {
     if (!is_multiple(in.size(), octet_width))
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ constexpr bool decode_hash(data_array<Size>& out,
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 template <size_t Size, if_odd<Size>>
-SVCONSTEXPR std::string base16_string(const char(&string)[Size]) NOEXCEPT
+constexpr std::string base16_string(const char(&string)[Size]) NOEXCEPT
 {
     return to_string(base16_chunk(string));
 }
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/machine/number.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/machine/number.hpp
index 9d3e6f32bd..4d0892d6bd 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/machine/number.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/machine/number.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace machine {
 namespace number {
 
 // Size constraint guards from_little_endian.
-// data_chunk methods are VCONSTEXPR but cannot also be INLINE (priority).
+// data_chunk methods are constexpr but cannot also be INLINE (priority).
 template <size_t Size,
     if_not_greater<Size, sizeof(int64_t)> = true>
 class integer
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/preprocessor.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/preprocessor.hpp
index b96f2670b4..f3808b8bca 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/preprocessor.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/preprocessor.hpp
@@ -113,8 +113,6 @@
 
 /// A stronger compiler hint for inlining.
 /// May use prior to 'constexpr' or in place of 'inline'.
-/// Do not use in conjunction with with XCONSTEXPR macros, as this will result
-/// in a double inline specification in the case of XCONSTEXPR default.
 /// Disable msc/x32 due to high level of rejection (warning volume).
 #if defined(HAVE_MSC) && !defined(HAVE_X32)
     #define INLINE __forceinline
@@ -228,39 +226,4 @@
     #define CONSTEVAL constexpr
 #endif
 
-/// C++20 (partial)
-#if defined(HAVE_RANGES)
-    #define RCONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-    #define RCONSTEXPR inline
-#endif
-
-/// C++20 (partial)
-#if defined(HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
-    #define VCONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-    #define VCONSTEXPR inline
-#endif
-
-/// C++20 (partial)
-#if defined(HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR)
-    #define SCONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-    #define SCONSTEXPR inline
-#endif
-
-/// C++20 (partial)
-#if defined(HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR) && defined(HAVE_RANGES)
-    #define SRCONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-    #define SRCONSTEXPR inline
-#endif
-
-/// C++20 (partial)
-#if defined(HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR) && defined(HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
-    #define SVCONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-    #define SVCONSTEXPR inline
-#endif
-
 #endif
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/radix/base_16.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/radix/base_16.hpp
index 45f10e929a..03e58f565f 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/radix/base_16.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/radix/base_16.hpp
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ constexpr uint8_t encode_octet(const char(&string)[add1(octet_width)]) NOEXCEPT;
 /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /// Convert a byte vector to a hexidecimal string.
-SCONSTEXPR std::string encode_base16(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr std::string encode_base16(const data_slice& data) NOEXCEPT;
 
 /// Convert a byte array to a reversed byte order hexidecimal string.
-SRCONSTEXPR std::string encode_hash(const data_slice& hash) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr std::string encode_hash(const data_slice& hash) NOEXCEPT;
 
 /// Decoding of hex string to data_array or data_chunk.
 /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /// Convert a hexidecimal string to a byte vector.
 /// False if the input is malformed.
-VCONSTEXPR bool decode_base16(data_chunk& out, const std::string& in) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr bool decode_base16(data_chunk& out, const std::string& in) NOEXCEPT;
 
 /// Convert a hexidecimal string to a byte array.
 /// False if the input is malformed, or the wrong length.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ constexpr bool decode_hash(data_array<Size>& out,
 /// Convert a literal hex string to a string (bytes are cast to string chars).
 /// Empty string returned if decoding fails.
 template <size_t Size, if_odd<Size> = true>
-SVCONSTEXPR std::string base16_string(const char(&string)[Size]) NOEXCEPT;
+constexpr std::string base16_string(const char(&string)[Size]) NOEXCEPT;
 
 /// Convert a literal hexidecimal string literal to pmr vector (not constexpr).
 /// Empty chunk returned if decoding fails.
diff --git a/src/define.cpp b/src/define.cpp
index 40e097b77d..b56ccb725e 100644
--- a/src/define.cpp
+++ b/src/define.cpp
@@ -190,15 +190,6 @@ DEFINED("HAVE_CPP20")
 #ifdef HAVE_CONSTEVAL
 DEFINED("HAVE_CONSTEVAL")
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_RANGES
-DEFINED("HAVE_RANGES")
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR
-DEFINED("HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR")
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR
-DEFINED("HAVE_STRING_CONSTEXPR")
-#endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_EXECUTION
 DEFINED("HAVE_EXECUTION")
diff --git a/test/data/data_slice.cpp b/test/data/data_slice.cpp
index 9e8ef0e610..7b4b7bfe1d 100644
--- a/test/data/data_slice.cpp
+++ b/test/data/data_slice.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(data_slice__construct__default__empty)
     static_assert(is_null(data_array<0>{}.data()));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(is_null(data_chunk{}.data()));
 
-    // requires VCONSTEXPR.
+    // requires constexpr.
     ////static_assert(is_null(data_chunk{}.data()));
 
     data_slice slice{};
diff --git a/test/endian/uintx_t.cpp b/test/endian/uintx_t.cpp
index 2390e01dac..59a854ed43 100644
--- a/test/endian/uintx_t.cpp
+++ b/test/endian/uintx_t.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(endian__to_array__zero__expected)
 {
     static_assert(from_uintx(uint5_t{ 1 }) == data_array<1>{ 1 });
     static_assert(from_uintx(uint11_t{ 1 }) == data_array<2>{ 1 });
-    // Internal compiler error msvc++.
-    ////static_assert(from_uintx(uint48_t{ 1 }) == data_array<6>{ 1 });
+
+    // MSVC internal compiler error.
+    #if !defined(HAVE_MSC)
+    static_assert(from_uintx(uint48_t{ 1 }) == data_array<6>{ 1 });
+    #endif
+
     static_assert(from_uintx(uint128_t{ 1 }) == data_array<16>{ 1 });
     static_assert(from_uintx(uint160_t{ 1 }) == data_array<20>{ 1 });
     static_assert(from_uintx(uint256_t{ 1 }) == data_array<32>{ 1 });
diff --git a/test/hash/sha/sha256.cpp b/test/hash/sha/sha256.cpp
index c8c3a50368..c658782d11 100644
--- a/test/hash/sha/sha256.cpp
+++ b/test/hash/sha/sha256.cpp
@@ -233,9 +233,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__double_hash__half_blocks__expected)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_hash__two__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha256::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(merkle_hash<sha256, 0, 1>(expected));
-#endif
     sha256::digests_t digests{ { 0 }, { 1 } };
     sha256::merkle_hash(digests);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(digests.size(), one);
@@ -246,9 +244,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_hash__four__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha256::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha256::double_hash({ 2 }, { 3 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(merkle_hash<sha256, 0, 1, 2, 3>(expected1, expected2));
-#endif
     sha256::digests_t digests{ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } };
     sha256::merkle_hash(digests);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(digests.size(), two);
@@ -260,32 +256,26 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_hash__four__expected)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_root__empty__null_hash)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = null_hash;
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({}) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha256::merkle_root({}), expected);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_root__one__same)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha256::digest_t{ 42 };
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({ { 42 } }) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha256::merkle_root({ { 42 } }), expected);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_root__two__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha256::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
 
     // MSVC Debug build internal compiler error.
     #if !(defined(HAVE_MSC) && !defined(NDEBUG))
-        static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }) == expected);
+    static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }) == expected);
     #endif
 
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }), expected);
 }
 
@@ -294,9 +284,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_root__three__expected)
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha256::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha256::double_hash({ 2 }, { 2 });
     constexpr auto expected = sha256::double_hash(expected1, expected2);
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 } }) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 } }), expected);
 }
 
@@ -305,9 +293,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha256__merkle_root__four__expected)
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha256::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha256::double_hash({ 2 }, { 3 });
     constexpr auto expected = sha256::double_hash(expected1, expected2);
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } }) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha256::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } }), expected);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/hash/sha/sha512.cpp b/test/hash/sha/sha512.cpp
index e355287a47..6cf6311c6a 100644
--- a/test/hash/sha/sha512.cpp
+++ b/test/hash/sha/sha512.cpp
@@ -295,9 +295,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__double_hash__half_blocks__expected)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_hash__two__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha512::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(merkle_hash<sha512, 0, 1>(expected));
-#endif
     sha512::digests_t digests{ { 0 }, { 1 } };
     sha512::merkle_hash(digests);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(digests.size(), one);
@@ -308,9 +306,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_hash__four__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha512::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha512::double_hash({ 2 }, { 3 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(merkle_hash<sha512, 0, 1, 2, 3>(expected1, expected2));
-#endif
     sha512::digests_t digests{ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } };
     sha512::merkle_hash(digests);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(digests.size(), two);
@@ -322,32 +318,26 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_hash__four__expected)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_root__empty__null_long_hash)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = null_long_hash;
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({}) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha512::merkle_root({}), expected);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_root__one__same)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha512::digest_t{ 42 };
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
     static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 42 } }) == expected);
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha512::merkle_root({ { 42 } }), expected);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_root__two__expected)
 {
     constexpr auto expected = sha512::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
 
     // MSVC Debug build internal compiler error.
     #if !(defined(HAVE_MSC) && !defined(NDEBUG))
-        static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }) == expected);
+    static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }) == expected);
     #endif
 
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 } }), expected);
 }
 
@@ -356,10 +346,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_root__three__expected)
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha512::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha512::double_hash({ 2 }, { 2 });
     constexpr auto expected = sha512::double_hash(expected1, expected2);
-// Internal compiler error vc++.
-////#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
-////    static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 } }) == expected);
-////#endif
+    static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 } }) == expected);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 } }), expected);
 }
 
@@ -368,14 +355,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sha512__merkle_root__four__expected)
     constexpr auto expected1 = sha512::double_hash({ 0 }, { 1 });
     constexpr auto expected2 = sha512::double_hash({ 2 }, { 3 });
     constexpr auto expected = sha512::double_hash(expected1, expected2);
-#if defined (HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
 
     // MSVC Debug build internal compiler error.
     #if !(defined(HAVE_MSC) && !defined(NDEBUG))
-        static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } }) == expected);
+    static_assert(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } }) == expected);
     #endif
 
-#endif
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sha512::merkle_root({ { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 } }), expected);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/hash/sha/vector.cpp b/test/hash/sha/vector.cpp
index f1de3ed4e3..1c68acfb2a 100644
--- a/test/hash/sha/vector.cpp
+++ b/test/hash/sha/vector.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(vector_tests)
 
-#if defined(HAVE_VECTOR_CONSTEXPR)
-
 // Merkle root
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -184,6 +182,4 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(vector__sha512__scheduling__expected)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(hashn, sha512v::hash(blocks));
 }
 
-#endif
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()