Voltage of VCC

[Dr-Asm]

What is the voltage of VCC used for electric shock in this circuit?

[maHidaka]

When attaching pads to the skin, a voltage of approximately 9V to 20V is suitable.
In cases where needles directly access muscles or approach areas with high conductivity, results may be achieved with a lower voltage of around 3.3V.
To achieve better outcomes, attention must be paid not only to the voltage but also to the frequency components of the waveform.
It should be noted that this circuit is insufficient for emulating the actual electricity that moves muscles; ultimately, it is considered better to provide pulses resembling positive and negative sine waves.