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<body class="quarto-light">
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<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" data-background-image="images/tidyverse-hexes.png" class="quarto-title-block center"><h1 class="title">what’s new<br>in the tidyverse<br>in 2023?</h1>
<p class="subtitle"><a href="https://mine.quarto.pub/tidyverse-2023">🔗 mine.quarto.pub/tidyverse-2023</a> <br><br><a href="https://github.com/mine-cetinkaya-rundel/tidyverse-2023">💻 github.com/mine-cetinkaya-rundel/tidyverse-2023</a></p>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
dr. mine çetinkaya-rundel
</div>
<p class="quarto-title-affiliation">
duke university + posit
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="date">2023-05-30</p>
</section><section><section id="principles-of-the-tidyverse" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>principles of the tidyverse</h1>
</section><section id="tidyverse" class="slide level2"><h2>tidyverse</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:80%;">
<p>meta R package that loads nine core packages when invoked and also bundles numerous other packages that share a design philosophy, common grammar, and data structures</p>
<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1">
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<pre><code>── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.2 ✔ readr 2.1.4
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
✔ ggplot2 3.4.2 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
✔ purrr 1.0.1
── Conflicts ────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package to force all conflicts to become errors</code></pre>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:20%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure><p><img data-src="images/tidyverse.png" alt="Tidyverse hex icon"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="tidyverse-for-data-science" class="slide level2"><h2>tidyverse for data science</h2>
<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure><p><img data-src="images/data-science.png" alt="Data science cycle: import, tidy, transform, visualize, model, communicate. Packages readr and tibble are for import. Packages tidyr and purr for tidy and transform. Packages dplyr, stringr, forcats, and lubridate are for transform. Package ggplot2 is for visualize."></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="setup-penguins" class="slide level2"><h2>setup: <code>penguins</code>
</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(palmerpenguins)</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2"></a>penguins</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 344 × 8
species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
1 Adelie Torgers… 39.1 18.7 181
2 Adelie Torgers… 39.5 17.4 186
3 Adelie Torgers… 40.3 18 195
4 Adelie Torgers… NA NA NA
5 Adelie Torgers… 36.7 19.3 193
6 Adelie Torgers… 39.3 20.6 190
# ℹ 338 more rows
# ℹ 3 more variables: body_mass_g <int>, sex <fct>, year <int></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<aside><div>
</div></aside></section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-pipeline" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse pipeline</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2"></a> <span class="fu">drop_na</span>(sex, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g), <span class="at">.groups =</span> <span class="st">"drop"</span>) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bw, <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> <span class="st">"dodge"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="tidyverse-2023_files/figure-revealjs/typical-pipeline-1.png" style="width:80.0%" alt="Dodged bar plot of average body masses of penguins by species and sex. Gentoo penguins weigh more, on average, than Adelies and Chinstraps, and within each species males weigh more, on average, than females." class="r-stretch quarto-figure-center"></section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-workflow" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse workflow</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6" data-code-line-numbers="|1|1-2|1-3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>`summarise()` has grouped output by 'species'. You can override
using the `.groups` argument.</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 8 × 3
# Groups: species [3]
species sex mean_bw
<fct> <fct> <dbl>
1 Adelie female 3369.
2 Adelie male 4043.
3 Adelie <NA> NA
4 Chinstrap female 3527.
5 Chinstrap male 3939.
6 Gentoo female 4680.
# ℹ 2 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-workflow-1" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse workflow</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9" data-code-line-numbers="2|1-4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2"></a> <span class="fu">drop_na</span>(sex, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>`summarise()` has grouped output by 'species'. You can override
using the `.groups` argument.</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 6 × 3
# Groups: species [3]
species sex mean_bw
<fct> <fct> <dbl>
1 Adelie female 3369.
2 Adelie male 4043.
3 Chinstrap female 3527.
4 Chinstrap male 3939.
5 Gentoo female 4680.
6 Gentoo male 5485.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-workflow-2" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse workflow</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12" data-code-line-numbers="4|1-4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2"></a> <span class="fu">drop_na</span>(sex, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g), <span class="at">.groups =</span> <span class="st">"drop"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 6 × 3
species sex mean_bw
<fct> <fct> <dbl>
1 Adelie female 3369.
2 Adelie male 4043.
3 Chinstrap female 3527.
4 Chinstrap male 3939.
5 Gentoo female 4680.
6 Gentoo male 5485.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-workflow-3" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse workflow</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14" data-code-line-numbers="5-6|1-6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2"></a> <span class="fu">drop_na</span>(sex, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g), <span class="at">.groups =</span> <span class="st">"drop"</span>) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bw, <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="tidyverse-2023_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" style="width:80.0%" alt="Dodged bar plot of average body masses of penguins by species and sex. Gentoo penguins weigh more, on average, than Adelies and Chinstraps, and within each species males weigh more, on average, than females." class="r-stretch quarto-figure-center"></section><section id="a-typical-tidyverse-workflow-4" class="slide level2"><h2>a typical tidyverse workflow</h2>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15" data-code-line-numbers="6|1-6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2"></a> <span class="fu">drop_na</span>(sex, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href="#cb15-4"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_bw =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g), <span class="at">.groups =</span> <span class="st">"drop"</span>) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb15-5"><a href="#cb15-5"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bw, <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-6"><a href="#cb15-6"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> <span class="st">"dodge"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="tidyverse-2023_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" style="width:80.0%" alt="Dodged bar plot of average body masses of penguins by species and sex. Gentoo penguins weigh more, on average, than Adelies and Chinstraps, and within each species males weigh more, on average, than females." class="r-stretch quarto-figure-center"></section><section id="a-note-about-this-presentation" class="slide level2"><h2>a note about this presentation</h2>
<ul>
<li>Sometimes I’ll show two options, where the <em>now</em> option is what you <strong>should</strong> do now.</li>
</ul>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<h3 id="previously">previously</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1"></a><span class="co"># you used to do</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<h3 id="now">now</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1"></a><span class="co"># now you should do</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<div class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>And sometimes I’ll show two options, where the <em>now</em> option is what you <strong>can</strong> do now.</li>
</ul>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<h3 id="previously-1">previously</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1"></a><span class="co"># you used to do</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<h3 id="now---optionally">now - optionally</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1"></a><span class="co"># now you can do</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>There will be more of the latter than the former!</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>I’ll also sprinkle in some teaching tips along the way.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section></section><section><section id="tidyverse-2.0.0" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>tidyverse 2.0.0</h1>
</section><section id="whats-new-in-tidyverse-2.0.0" class="slide level2"><h2>what’s new in tidyverse 2.0.0?</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>lubridate</strong> is now a core tidyverse package</li>
<li>package loading message advertises the <strong>conflicted</strong> package</li>
</ul></section><section id="lubridate---now-core" class="slide level2"><h2>lubridate - now core</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:80%;">
<p><strong>lubridate</strong>, a package that makes it easier to do the things R does with date-times, is now a core tidyerse package.</p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:20%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure><p><img data-src="images/lubridate.png" alt="lubridate hex icon"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="width:45%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="previously-2">previously</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(lubridate)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="width:45%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="now-1">now</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb21-1"><a href="#cb21-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="lubridate---functionality" class="slide level2"><h2>lubridate - functionality</h2>
<p>lubridate is most useful for parsing numbers or text that repsent dates into date-time:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1"></a>today_n <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="dv">20230530</span></span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2"></a>today_t <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="st">"5/30/2023"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3"></a>today_s <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="st">"The SSA Vic May Event takes place on 30 May 2023 at 6 pm."</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="width:30%;">
<p>“Easy”:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(today_n)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "numeric"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb25-1"><a href="#cb25-1"></a><span class="fu">ymd</span>(today_n)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "2023-05-30"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb27"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb27-1"><a href="#cb27-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(<span class="fu">ymd</span>(today_n))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "Date"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:3%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="width:30%;">
<p>Slightly more complex:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb29"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb29-1"><a href="#cb29-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(today_t)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "character"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb31"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb31-1"><a href="#cb31-1"></a><span class="fu">mdy</span>(today_t)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "2023-05-30"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb33"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb33-1"><a href="#cb33-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(<span class="fu">mdy</span>(today_t))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "Date"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:3%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="3" style="width:30%;">
<p>Even more complex:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb35"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb35-1"><a href="#cb35-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(today_s)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "character"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb37"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb37-1"><a href="#cb37-1"></a><span class="fu">dmy_h</span>(today_s, <span class="at">tz =</span> <span class="st">"Australia/Melbourne"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "2023-05-30 18:00:00 AEST"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb39"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb39-1"><a href="#cb39-1"></a><span class="fu">class</span>(<span class="fu">dmy_h</span>(today_s))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "POSIXct" "POSIXt" </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="conflicted---now-advertised" class="slide level2 smaller"><h2>conflicted - now advertised</h2>
<ul>
<li>Load tidyverse:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb41"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb41-1"><a href="#cb41-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<pre><code>── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.2 ✔ readr 2.1.4
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
✔ ggplot2 3.4.2 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
✔ purrr 1.0.1
── Conflicts ────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package to force all conflicts to become errors</code></pre>
<div class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>Explicitly check for conflicts with <code><a href="https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org/reference/tidyverse_conflicts.html">tidyverse::tidyverse_conflicts()</a></code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb43"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb43-1"><a href="#cb43-1"></a><span class="fu">tidyverse_conflicts</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>── Conflicts ─────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="conflict-resolution-with-base-r" class="slide level2"><h2>conflict resolution with base R</h2>
<p>R’s default conflict resolution gives precedence to the most recently loaded package</p>
<ul>
<li>Before loading tidyverse - calling <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/filter.html">filter()</a></code> uses <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/filter.html">stats::filter()</a></code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb45"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb45-1"><a href="#cb45-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb45-2"><a href="#cb45-2"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-error">
<pre><code>Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos): object 'species' not found</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>After loading tidyverse - calling <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/filter.html">filter()</a></code> <em>silently</em> uses <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">dplyr::filter()</a></code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb47"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb47-1"><a href="#cb47-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb47-2"><a href="#cb47-2"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 152 × 8
species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
1 Adelie Torgers… 39.1 18.7 181
2 Adelie Torgers… 39.5 17.4 186
3 Adelie Torgers… 40.3 18 195
# ℹ 149 more rows
# ℹ 3 more variables: body_mass_g <int>, sex <fct>, year <int></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="conflict-resolution-with-conflicted" class="slide level2"><h2>conflict resolution with conflicted</h2>
<p>After loading conflicted - <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/filter.html">filter()</a></code> doesn’t <em>silently</em> use <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">dplyr::filter()</a></code>:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb49"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb49-1"><a href="#cb49-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(conflicted)</span>
<span id="cb49-2"><a href="#cb49-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb49-3"><a href="#cb49-3"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb49-4"><a href="#cb49-4"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-error">
<pre><code>Error:
! [conflicted] filter found in 2 packages.
Either pick the one you want with `::`:
• dplyr::filter
• stats::filter
Or declare a preference with `conflicts_prefer()`:
• `conflicts_prefer(dplyr::filter)`
• `conflicts_prefer(stats::filter)`</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="conflict-resolution-with-conflicted---option-1" class="slide level2"><h2>conflict resolution with conflicted - option 1</h2>
<p>Pick the one you want with <code>::</code>:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb51"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb51-1"><a href="#cb51-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb51-2"><a href="#cb51-2"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 152 × 8
species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
1 Adelie Torgers… 39.1 18.7 181
2 Adelie Torgers… 39.5 17.4 186
3 Adelie Torgers… 40.3 18 195
# ℹ 149 more rows
# ℹ 3 more variables: body_mass_g <int>, sex <fct>, year <int></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="conflict-resolution-with-conflicted---option-2" class="slide level2"><h2>conflict resolution with conflicted - option 2</h2>
<p>declare a preference with <code>conflicts_prefer()</code>:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb53"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb53-1"><a href="#cb53-1"></a><span class="fu">conflicts_prefer</span>(dplyr<span class="sc">::</span>filter)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>[conflicted] Will prefer dplyr::filter over any other package.</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb55"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb55-1"><a href="#cb55-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb55-2"><a href="#cb55-2"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 152 × 8
species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
1 Adelie Torgers… 39.1 18.7 181
2 Adelie Torgers… 39.5 17.4 186
3 Adelie Torgers… 40.3 18 195
# ℹ 149 more rows
# ℹ 3 more variables: body_mass_g <int>, sex <fct>, year <int></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="teaching-tip" class="slide level2"><h2>teaching tip</h2>
<div class="callout callout-tip callout-titled callout-style-default">
<div class="callout-body">
<div class="callout-title">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<p><strong>Don’t hide startup messages from teaching materials</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="callout-content">
<p>Instead, address them early on to</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Encourage reading and understanding messages, warnings, and errors</li>
<li>Help during hard-to-debug situations resulting from base R’s silent conflict resolution</li>
</ol>
<p>But… Do teach students how to hide them in reports, particularly during editing/polishing stage!</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></section><section><section id="dplyr-1.1.2" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>dplyr 1.1.2</h1>
</section><section id="whats-new-in-dplyr-1.1.2" class="slide level2"><h2>what’s new in dplyr 1.1.2?</h2>
<p>A (non-exhaustive) list:</p>
<ul>
<li>Improved and expanded <code>_join()</code> functionality</li>
<li>Added functionality for per operation grouping</li>
<li>Quality of life improvements: <code>case_when()</code> and <code>if_else()</code>
</li>
<li>and more…</li>
</ul></section><section id="improved-and-expanded-_join-functionality" class="slide level2"><h2>improved and expanded <code>_join()</code> functionality</h2>
<ul>
<li>New <code>join_by()</code> function for the <code>by</code> argument in <code>*_join()</code> functions</li>
<li>Handling various matches (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many relationships, etc.) and unmatched cases</li>
<li>and more…</li>
</ul></section><section id="join_by" class="slide level2"><h2><code>join_by()</code></h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="width:49%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="previously-3">previously</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb57" data-code-line-numbers="|4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb57-1"><a href="#cb57-1"></a>x <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb57-2"><a href="#cb57-2"></a> <span class="er">*</span><span class="fu">_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb57-3"><a href="#cb57-3"></a> y, </span>
<span id="cb57-4"><a href="#cb57-4"></a> <span class="at">by =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"<x var>"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"<y var>"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb57-5"><a href="#cb57-5"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:1%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="width:49%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="now---optionally-1">now - optionally</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb58" data-code-line-numbers="|4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb58-1"><a href="#cb58-1"></a>x <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb58-2"><a href="#cb58-2"></a> <span class="er">*</span><span class="fu">_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb58-3"><a href="#cb58-3"></a> y, </span>
<span id="cb58-4"><a href="#cb58-4"></a> <span class="at">by =</span> <span class="fu">join_by</span>(<span class="sc"><</span>x var<span class="sc">></span> <span class="er">==</span> <span class="er"><</span>y var<span class="sc">></span>)</span>
<span id="cb58-5"><a href="#cb58-5"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="setup-islands" class="slide level2"><h2>setup: <code>islands</code>
</h2>
<p>We have the following information on the three islands we have penguins from:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb59"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb59-1"><a href="#cb59-1"></a>islands <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tribble</span>(</span>
<span id="cb59-2"><a href="#cb59-2"></a> <span class="sc">~</span>name, <span class="sc">~</span>coordinates,</span>
<span id="cb59-3"><a href="#cb59-3"></a> <span class="st">"Torgersen"</span>, <span class="st">"64°46′S 64°5′W"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb59-4"><a href="#cb59-4"></a> <span class="st">"Biscoe"</span>, <span class="st">"65°26′S 65°30′W"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb59-5"><a href="#cb59-5"></a> <span class="st">"Dream"</span>, <span class="st">"64°44′S 64°14′W"</span></span>
<span id="cb59-6"><a href="#cb59-6"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb59-7"><a href="#cb59-7"></a></span>
<span id="cb59-8"><a href="#cb59-8"></a>islands</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 3 × 2
name coordinates
<chr> <chr>
1 Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
2 Biscoe 65°26′S 65°30′W
3 Dream 64°44′S 64°14′W</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="join_by-1" class="slide level2"><h2><code>join_by()</code></h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="width:49%;">
<p><strong>with <code>by</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb61" data-code-line-numbers="4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb61-1"><a href="#cb61-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb61-2"><a href="#cb61-2"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb61-3"><a href="#cb61-3"></a> islands, </span>
<span id="cb61-4"><a href="#cb61-4"></a> <span class="at">by =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"island"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb61-5"><a href="#cb61-5"></a> ) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb61-6"><a href="#cb61-6"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(species, island, coordinates)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 344 × 3
species island coordinates
<fct> <chr> <chr>
1 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
2 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
3 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
4 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
5 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
6 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
# ℹ 338 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:1%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="width:49%;">
<p><strong>with <code>join_by()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb63" data-code-line-numbers="4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb63-1"><a href="#cb63-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb63-2"><a href="#cb63-2"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb63-3"><a href="#cb63-3"></a> islands, </span>
<span id="cb63-4"><a href="#cb63-4"></a> <span class="at">by =</span> <span class="fu">join_by</span>(island <span class="sc">==</span> name)</span>
<span id="cb63-5"><a href="#cb63-5"></a> ) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb63-6"><a href="#cb63-6"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(species, island, coordinates)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 344 × 3
species island coordinates
<fct> <chr> <chr>
1 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
2 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
3 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
4 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
5 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
6 Adelie Torgersen 64°46′S 64°5′W
# ℹ 338 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="teaching-tip-1" class="slide level2"><h2>teaching tip</h2>
<div class="callout callout-tip callout-titled callout-style-default">
<div class="callout-body">
<div class="callout-title">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<p><strong>Prefer <code>join_by()</code> over <code>by</code></strong></p>
</div>
<div class="callout-content">
<p>So that</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>You can read it out loud as “where x is equal to y”, just like in other logical statements where <code>==</code> is pronounced as “is equal to”</li>
<li>You don’t have to worry about <code>by = c(x = y)</code> (which is invalid) vs. <code>by = c(x = "y")</code> (which is valid) vs. <code>by = c("x" = "y")</code> (which is also valid)</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="handling-various-matches" class="slide level2"><h2>handling various matches</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="1" style="width:49%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="previously-4">previously</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb65"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb65-1"><a href="#cb65-1"></a><span class="sc">*</span><span class="fu">_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb65-2"><a href="#cb65-2"></a> x,</span>
<span id="cb65-3"><a href="#cb65-3"></a> y,</span>
<span id="cb65-4"><a href="#cb65-4"></a> by</span>
<span id="cb65-5"><a href="#cb65-5"></a>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:1%;">
</div>
<div class="column fragment" data-fragment-index="2" style="width:49%;">
<!-- -->
<h3 id="now---optionally-2">now - optionally</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb66" data-code-line-numbers="|5-7"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb66-1"><a href="#cb66-1"></a><span class="sc">*</span><span class="fu">_join</span>(</span>
<span id="cb66-2"><a href="#cb66-2"></a> x,</span>