draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications-15.xml

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<rfc category="std" docName="draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications-15" ipr="trust200902">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="Subscribed Notifications">Customized Subscriptions to a Publisher's Event Streams</title>

    <author fullname="Eric Voit" initials="E." surname="Voit">
        <organization>Cisco Systems</organization>
        <address>
            <email>evoit@cisco.com</email>
        </address>
    </author>
    
    <author fullname="Alexander Clemm" initials="A" surname="Clemm">
        <organization>Huawei</organization>
        <address>
            <email>ludwig@clemm.org</email>
        </address>
    </author>
    
    <author fullname="Alberto Gonzalez Prieto" initials="A"
        surname="Gonzalez Prieto">
        <organization>Microsoft</organization>
        <address>
            <email>alberto.gonzalez@microsoft.com</email>
        </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Einar Nilsen-Nygaard" initials="E"
        surname="Nilsen-Nygaard">
        <organization>Cisco Systems</organization>
        <address>
            <email>einarnn@cisco.com</email>
        </address>
    </author>
      
    <author fullname="Ambika Prasad Tripathy" initials="A" surname="Tripathy">
        <organization>Cisco Systems</organization>
        <address>
            <email>ambtripa@cisco.com</email>
        </address>
    </author>

    <date day="3" month="August" year="2018"/>

    <area>Operations &amp; Management</area>

    <workgroup>NETCONF</workgroup>

    <keyword>Draft</keyword>

    <abstract>
        <t>This document defines a YANG data model and associated mechanisms enabling subscriber-specific subscriptions to a publisher's event streams.  Applying these elements allows a subscriber to request for and receive a continuous, custom feed of publisher generated information.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
      <section title="Introduction">
        
        <t>This document defines a YANG data model and associated mechanisms enabling subscriber-specific subscriptions to a publisher's event streams. Effectively this enables a 'subscribe then publish' capability where the customized information needs and access permissions of each target receiver are understood by the publisher before subscribed event records are marshaled and pushed. The receiver then gets a continuous, custom feed of publisher generated information.</t>
            
        <t>While the functionality defined in this document is transport-agnostic,  transports like NETCONF <xref target="RFC6241"/> or RESTCONF <xref target="RFC8040"/> can be used to configure or dynamically signal subscriptions, and there are bindings defined for subscribed event record delivery for NETCONF within  <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications"/>, and for HTTP2 or HTTP1.1 within  <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-notif"/>.</t>
        
        <t>The YANG model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture defined in <xref target="RFC8342"/>.</t>
        
        <section title="Motivation">  

          <t>Various limitations in <xref target="RFC5277"/> are discussed in <xref target="RFC7923"/>.  Resolving these issues is the primary motivation for this work.  Key capabilities supported by this document include:</t>

          <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>multiple subscriptions on a single transport session</t>
            <t>support for dynamic and configured subscriptions</t>
            <t>modification of an existing subscription in progress</t>
            <t>per-subscription operational counters</t>
            <t>negotiation of subscription parameters (through the use of hints returned as part of declined subscription requests)</t>
            <t>subscription state change notifications (e.g., publisher driven suspension, parameter modification)</t>
            <t>independence from transport</t>
          </list></t>
        </section>

        <section title="Terminology">
          <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t>
          
          <t>Client: defined in <xref target="RFC8342"/>.</t>
          <t>Configuration: defined in <xref target="RFC8342"/>.</t>
          <t>Configuration datastore: defined in <xref target="RFC8342"/>.</t>
          <t>Configured subscription: A subscription installed via configuration into a configuration datastore.</t>
          <t>Dynamic subscription: A subscription created dynamically by a subscriber via a remote procedure call.</t>
          <t>Event: An occurrence of something that may be of interest. Examples include a configuration change, a fault, a change in status, crossing a threshold, or an external input to the system.</t>
          <t>Event occurrence time: a timestamp matching the time an originating process identified as when an event happened.</t>
          <t>Event record: A set of information detailing an event.</t>
          <t>Event stream:  A continuous, chronologically ordered set of events aggregated under some context.</t>
          <t>Event stream filter: Evaluation criteria which may be applied against event records within an event stream. Event records pass the filter when specified criteria are met.</t>
          <t>Notification message: Information intended for a receiver indicating that one or more event(s) have occurred.</t>
          <t>Publisher: An entity responsible for streaming notification messages per the terms of a subscription.</t>
          <t>Receiver: A target to which a publisher pushes subscribed event records. For dynamic subscriptions, the receiver and subscriber are the same entity.</t>
          <t>Subscriber: A client able to request and negotiate a contract for the generation and push of event records from a publisher. For dynamic subscriptions, the receiver and subscriber are the same entity.</t>
          <t>Subscription: A contract with a publisher, stipulating which information one or more receivers wish to have pushed from the publisher without the need for further solicitation.</t>
          
          <t>All YANG tree diagrams used in this document follow the notation defined in <xref target="RFC8340"/>.</t>
      
        </section>

        <section title="Solution Overview" anchor="overview">
          <t>This document describes a transport agnostic mechanism for subscribing to and receiving content from an event stream within a publisher.  This mechanism is through the use of a subscription.</t> 
          
          <t>Two types of subscriptions are supported:</t>
                
          <t><list style="numbers">
            <t>Dynamic subscriptions, where a subscriber initiates a subscription negotiation with a publisher via an RPC.  If the publisher is able to serve this request, it accepts it, and then starts pushing notification messages back to the subscriber. If the publisher is not able to serve it as requested, then an error response is returned.  This response MAY include hints at subscription parameters that, had they been present, would have enabled the dynamic subscription request to be accepted.</t>
                    
            <t>Configured subscriptions, which allow the management of subscriptions via a configuration so that a publisher can send notification messages to a receiver of a configured subscription. Support for configured subscriptions is optional, with its availability  advertised via a YANG feature.</t>
          </list></t>
        
          <t>Additional characteristics differentiating configured from dynamic subscriptions include:</t>
          <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>The lifetime of a dynamic subscription is bound by the transport session used to establish it.  For connection-oriented stateful transports like NETCONF, the loss of the transport session will result in the immediate termination of any associated dynamic subscriptions.  For connectionless or stateless transports like HTTP, a lack of receipt acknowledgment of a sequential set of notification messages and/or keep-alives can be used to trigger a termination of a dynamic subscription.  Contrast this to the lifetime of a configured subscription.  This lifetime is driven by relevant configuration being present within the publisher's applied configuration. Being tied to configuration operations implies configured subscriptions can be configured to persist across reboots, and implies a configured subscription can persist even when its publisher is fully disconnected from any network.</t>
                    
            <t>Configured subscriptions can be modified by any configuration client with write permission on the configuration of the subscription.  Dynamic subscriptions can only be modified via an RPC request made by the original subscriber, or a change to configuration data referenced by the subscription.</t>
          </list></t>
          <t>Note that there is no mixing-and-matching of dynamic and configured operations on a single subscription.  Specifically, a configured subscription cannot be modified or deleted using RPCs defined in this document.  Similarly, a subscription established via RPC cannot be modified through configuration operations.  Also note that transport specific transport drafts based on this specification MUST detail the life cycles of both dynamic and configured subscriptions.</t>

          <t>A publisher MAY terminate a dynamic subscription at any time. Similarly, it MAY decide to temporarily suspend the sending of notification messages for any dynamic subscription, or for one or more receivers of a configured subscription. Such termination or suspension is driven by internal considerations of the publisher.</t>
        </section>
        
        <section title="Relationship to RFC-5277">    
          <t>This document is intended to provide a superset of the subscription capabilities initially defined within <xref target="RFC5277"/>.  Especially when extending an existing <xref target="RFC5277"/> implementation, it is important to understand what has been reused and what has been replaced. Key relationships between these two documents include:
          <list style="symbols">
            <t>this document defines a transport independent capability, <xref target="RFC5277"/> is specific to NETCONF.</t>
            <t>the data model in this document is used instead of the data model in Section 3.4 of <xref target="RFC5277"/>  for the new operations.</t> 
            <t>the RPC operations in this draft replaces the operation "create-subscription" defined in <xref target="RFC5277"/>, section 4.</t>
            <t>the &lt;notification&gt; message of <xref target="RFC5277"/>, Section 4 is used.</t>
            <t>the included contents of the "NETCONF" event stream are identical between this document and <xref target="RFC5277"/>.</t>
            <t>a publisher MAY implement both the Notification Management Schema and RPCs defined in <xref target="RFC5277"/> and this new document concurrently.</t>
            <t>unlike <xref target="RFC5277"/>, this document enables a single transport session to intermix of notification messages and RPCs for different subscriptions.</t> 
          </list>
          </t>
        </section>
        
      </section>
      
      <section title="Solution">  
      
      <t>Per the overview provided in <xref target="overview"/>, this section details the overall context, state machines, and subsystems which may be assembled to allow the subscription of events from a publisher.</t>
      
        <section title="Event Streams">
          <t>An event stream is a named entity on a publisher which exposes a continuously updating set of event records.  Each event stream is available for subscription. It is out of the scope of this document to identify a) how streams are defined (other than the NETCONF stream), b) how event records are defined/generated, and c) how event records are assigned to streams.</t>
                
          <t>There is only one reserved event stream name within this document: "NETCONF".  The "NETCONF" event stream contains all NETCONF XML event record information supported by the publisher, except for the subscription state notifications described in <xref target="state_notif"/>.  Among these included NETCONF XML event records are individual YANG 1.1 notifications described in section 7.16 of <xref target="RFC7950"/>.  Each of these YANG 1.1 notifications will be treated as a distinct event record. Beyond the "NETCONF" stream, implementations MAY define additional event streams.</t>
                
          <t>As event records are created by a system, they may be assigned to one or more streams.  The event record is distributed to a subscription's receiver(s) where: (1) a subscription includes the identified stream, and (2) subscription filtering does not exclude the event record from that receiver.</t>

          <t>Access control permissions may be used to silently exclude event records from within an event stream for which the receiver has no read access.  As an example of how this might be accomplished, see <xref target="RFC8341"/> section 3.4.6.  Note that per <xref target="state_notif"/> of this document, subscription state change notifications are never filtered out.</t>  
          
          <t>If no access control permissions are in place for event records on an event stream, then a receiver MUST be allowed access to all the event records. If subscriber permissions change during the lifecycle of a subscription and event stream access is no longer permitted, then the subscription MUST be terminated.</t>
          
          <t>Event records MUST NOT be delivered to a receiver in a different order than they were placed onto an event stream.</t>
        </section>
            
        <section title="Event Stream Filters">            
          <t>This document defines an extensible filtering mechanism.  The filter itself is a boolean test which is placed on the content of an event record. A 'false' filtering result causes the event message to be excluded from delivery to a receiver. A filter never results in information being stripped from within an event record prior to that event record being encapsulated within a notification message.  The two optional event stream filtering syntaxes supported are <xref target="XPATH"/> and subtree <xref target="RFC6241"/>.</t>
          
          <t>If no event stream filter is provided within a subscription, all event records on an event stream are to be sent.</t>

        </section>
        
        <section title="QoS">            
          <t>This document provide for several QoS parameters.  These parameters indicate the treatment of a subscription relative to other traffic between publisher and receiver.  Included are:
            <list style="symbols">
                <t>A "dscp" marking to differentiate prioritization of notification messages during network transit.</t>
                <t>A "weighting" so that bandwidth proportional to this weighting can be allocated to this subscription relative to other subscriptions destined for that receiver.</t>
                <t>a "dependency" upon another subscription. </t>
            </list>
            </t>
            <t>If the publisher supports the "dscp" feature, then a subscription with a "dscp" leaf MUST result in a corresponding <xref target="RFC2474"/> DSCP marking being placed within the IP header of any resulting notification messages and subscription state change notifications.</t>
            
            <t>For the "weighting" parameter, when concurrently dequeuing notification messages from multiple subscriptions to a receiver, the publisher MUST allocate bandwidth to each subscription proportionally to the weights assigned to those subscriptions. "Weighting" is an optional capability of the publisher; support for it is identified via the "qos" feature.</t>
            
            <t>If a subscription has the "dependency" parameter set, then any buffered notification messages containing event records selected by the parent subscription MUST be dequeued prior to the notification messages of the dependent subscription.  If notification messages have dependencies on each other, the notification message queued the longest MUST go first. If a "dependency" included within an RPC references a subscription which does not exist or is no longer accessible to that subscriber, that "dependency" MUST be silently removed.  "Dependency" is an optional capability of the publisher; support for it is identified via the "qos" feature.</t>

        </section>
      
        <section title="Dynamic Subscriptions" anchor="dynamic_subs">
          <t>Dynamic subscriptions are managed via protocol operations (in the form of <xref target="RFC7950"/>, Section 7.14 RPCs) made against targets located within the publisher.  These RPCs have been designed extensibly so that they may be augmented for subscription targets beyond event streams.  For examples of such augmentations, see the RPC augmentations within <xref target="I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push"/>'s YANG model.</t>
          
          <section title="Dynamic Subscription State Model">
            <t>Below is the publisher's state machine for a dynamic subscription.  Each state is shown in its own box.  It is important to note that such a subscription doesn't exist at the publisher until an "establish-subscription" RPC is accepted. The mere request by a subscriber to establish a subscription is insufficient for that subscription to be externally visible. Start and end states are depicted to reflect subscription creation and deletion events.</t>

            <figure align="center" title="Publisher's state for a dynamic subscription" anchor="dynamic_state">
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
                      .........
                      : start :
                      :.......:
                          |
                 establish-subscription
                          |
                          |   .-------modify-subscription--------.
                          v   v                                  |
                    .-----------.                          .-----------.
         .--------. | receiver  |--insufficient CPU, b/w-->| receiver  |
     modify-       '|  active   |                          | suspended |
     subscription   |           |<----CPU, b/w sufficient--|           |
         ---------->'-----------'                          '-----------'
                          |                                      |
               delete/kill-subscription                     delete/kill-
                          |                                 subscription
                          v                                      |
                      .........                                  |
                      :  end  :<---------------------------------'
                      :.......:
                    ]]></artwork>            </figure>

            <t>Of interest in this state machine are the following:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Successful "establish-subscription" or "modify-subscription" RPCs put the subscription into the active state.</t>

              <t>Failed "modify-subscription" RPCs will leave the subscription in its previous state, with no visible change to any streaming updates.</t>

              <t>A delete or kill RPC will end the subscription, as will the reaching of a "stop-time".</t>
           
              <t>A publisher may choose to suspend a subscription when there is insufficient CPU or bandwidth available to service the subscription. This is notified to a subscriber with a "subscription-suspended" state change notification.</t>
              
              <t>A suspended subscription may be modified by the subscriber (for example in an attempt to use fewer resources).  Successful modification returns the subscription to an active state.</t>

              <t>Even without a "modify-subscription" request, a publisher may return a subscription to the active state should the resource constraints become sufficient again.  This is announced to the subscriber via the "subscription-resumed" subscription state change notification.</t>
              
            </list></t>
          
          </section>
 
          <section title="Establishing a Dynamic Subscription" anchor="sec_establish_subs">
            <t>The "establish-subscription" RPC allows a subscriber to request the creation of a subscription. The transport selected by the subscriber to reach the publisher MUST be able to support multiple "establish-subscription" requests made within the same transport session.</t>  
            <t>The input parameters of the operation are:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>A "stream" name which identifies the targeted event stream against which the subscription is applied.</t>
              <t>An event stream filter which may reduce the set of event records pushed.</t>
              <t>Where the transport used by the RPC supports multiple encodings, an optional "encoding" for the event records pushed.  Note: If no "encoding" is included, the encoding of the RPC MUST be used.</t>
              <t>An optional "stop-time" for the subscription. If no "stop-time" is present, notification messages will continue to be sent until the subscription is terminated.</t>
              <t>An optional "start-time" for the subscription. The "start-time" MUST be in the past and indicates that the subscription is requesting a replay of previously generated information from the event stream.  For more on replay, see <xref target="replay_subs"/>. Where there is no "start-time", the subscription starts immediately.</t>  
            </list>
            </t>
            
            <t>If the publisher can satisfy the "establish-subscription" request, it replies with an identifier for the subscription, and then immediately starts streaming notification messages. </t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "establish-subscription". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
                
            <figure align="left" title="establish-subscription RPC tree diagram"
                anchor="establish-subscription-RPC">       
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---x establish-subscription
       +---w input
       |  +---w (target)
       |  |  +--:(stream)
       |  |     +---w (stream-filter)?
       |  |     |  +--:(by-reference)
       |  |     |  |  +---w stream-filter-ref
       |  |     |  |          stream-filter-ref
       |  |     |  +--:(within-subscription)
       |  |     |     +---w (filter-spec)?
       |  |     |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
       |  |     |        |  +---w stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata>
       |  |     |        |          {subtree}?
       |  |     |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
       |  |     |           +---w stream-xpath-filter?
       |  |     |                   yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
       |  |     +---w stream                   stream-ref
       |  |     +---w replay-start-time?       yang:date-and-time
       |  |             {replay}?
       |  +---w stop-time?               yang:date-and-time
       |  +---w dscp?                    inet:dscp {dscp}?
       |  +---w weighting?               uint8 {qos}?
       |  +---w dependency?              subscription-id {qos}?
       |  +---w encoding?                encoding
       +--ro output
          +--ro identifier                    subscription-id
          +--ro replay-start-time-revision?   yang:date-and-time
                  {replay}?
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
            <t>A publisher MAY reject the "establish-subscription" RPC for many reasons as described in <xref target="rpc_errors"/>. The contents of the resulting RPC error response MAY include details on input parameters which if considered in a subsequent "establish-subscription" RPC, may result in a successful subscription establishment.  Any such hints MUST be transported within a yang-data "establish-subscription-stream-error-info" container included within the RPC error response.</t>
            
            <figure align="left" title="establish-subscription RPC yang-data tree diagram"
                anchor="establish-subscription-RPC-yang-data">       
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    yang-data establish-subscription-stream-error-info
       +--ro establish-subscription-stream-error-info
          +--ro reason?                   identityref
          +--ro filter-failure-hint?      string
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
                
            <section title="Requesting a replay of event records" anchor="replay_subs">
              <t>Replay provides the ability to establish a subscription which is also capable of passing recently generated event records.  In other words, as the subscription initializes itself, it sends any previously generated content from within the target event stream which meets the filter and timeframe criteria.  The end of these historical event records is identified via a "replay-completed" state change notification.  Any event records generated since the subscription establishment may then follow.  For a particular subscription, all event records will be delivered in the order they are placed into the stream.</t>

              <t>Replay is an optional feature which is dependent on an event stream supporting some form of logging. This document puts no restrictions on the size or form of the log, where it resides within the publisher, or when event record entries in the log are purged.</t>

              <t>The inclusion of a "replay-start-time" within an "establish-subscription" RPC indicates a replay request. If the "replay-start-time" contains a value that is earlier than what a publisher's retained history supports, then if the subscription is accepted, the actual publisher's revised start time MUST be set in the returned "replay-start-time-revision" object.</t>

              <t>A "stop-time" parameter may be included in a replay subscription.  For a replay subscription, the "stop-time" MAY be earlier than the current time, but MUST be later than the "replay-start-time".</t>
                    
              <t>If the time the replay starts is later than the time marked within any event records retained within the replay buffer, then the publisher MUST send a "replay-completed" notification immediately after a successful establish-subscription RPC response.</t>

              <t>If an event stream supports replay, the "replay-support" leaf is present in the "/streams/stream" list entry for the stream. An event stream that does support replay is not expected to have an unlimited supply of saved notifications available to accommodate any given replay request. To assess the timeframe available for replay, subscribers can read the leafs  "replay-log-creation-time" and "replay-log-aged-time". See <xref target="stream-tree"/> for the YANG tree, and <xref target="data_model"/> for the YANG model describing these elements.  The actual size of the replay log at any given time is a publisher specific matter. Control parameters for the replay log are outside the scope of this document.</t>
            </section>
          </section>                     
            
          <section title="Modifying a Dynamic Subscription">
            <t>The "modify-subscription" operation permits changing the terms of an existing dynamic subscription.  Dynamic subscriptions can be modified any number of times. If the publisher accepts the requested modifications, it acknowledges success to the subscriber, then immediately starts sending event records based on the new terms.</t> 
            
            <t>Subscriptions created by configuration cannot be modified via this RPC.  However configuration may be used to modify objects referenced by the subscription (such as a referenced filter).</t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "modify-subscription". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
                
            <figure align="left" title="modify-subscription RPC tree diagram"
                anchor="modify-subscription-RPC">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---x modify-subscription
       +---w input
          +---w identifier               subscription-id
          +---w (target)
          |  +--:(stream)
          |     +---w (stream-filter)?
          |        +--:(by-reference)
          |        |  +---w stream-filter-ref
          |        |          stream-filter-ref
          |        +--:(within-subscription)
          |           +---w (filter-spec)?
          |              +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
          |              |  +---w stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata>
          |              |          {subtree}?
          |              +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
          |                 +---w stream-xpath-filter?
          |                         yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
          +---w stop-time?               yang:date-and-time
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
            <t>If the publisher accepts the requested modifications on a currently suspended subscription, the subscription will immediately be resumed (i.e., the modified subscription is returned to the active state.)  The publisher MAY immediately suspend this newly modified subscription through the "subscription-suspended" notification before any event records are sent.</t>
            
            <t>If the publisher rejects the RPC request, the subscription remains as prior to the request. That is, the request has no impact whatsoever.  Rejection of the RPC for any reason is indicated by via RPC error as described in <xref target="rpc_errors"/>. The contents of such a rejected RPC MAY include hints on inputs which (if considered) may result in a successfully modified subscription.  These hints MUST be transported within a yang-data "modify-subscription-stream-error-info" container inserted into the RPC error response.</t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "modify-subscription-RPC-yang-data". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
            
            <figure align="left" title="modify-subscription RPC yang-data tree diagram"
                anchor="modify-subscription-RPC-yang-data">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    yang-data modify-subscription-stream-error-info
       +--ro modify-subscription-stream-error-info
          +--ro reason?                identityref
          +--ro filter-failure-hint?   string
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
                
          </section>
            
          <section title="Deleting a Dynamic Subscription">
            <t>The "delete-subscription" operation permits canceling an existing subscription. If the publisher accepts the request, and the publisher has indicated success, the publisher MUST NOT send any more notification messages for this subscription. If the delete request matches a known subscription established on the same transport session, then it MUST be deleted; otherwise it MUST be rejected with no changes to the publisher.</t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "delete-subscription". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
                
            <figure align="left" title="delete-subscription RPC tree diagram"
                anchor="delete-subscription-RPC">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---x delete-subscription
       +---w input
          +---w identifier    subscription-id
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
            <t>Dynamic subscriptions can only be deleted via this RPC using the same transport session previously used for subscription establishment. Configured subscriptions cannot be deleted using RPCs.</t>
                
          </section>
            
          <section title="Killing a Dynamic Subscription">
            <t>The "kill-subscription" operation permits an operator to end a dynamic subscription which is not associated with the transport session used for the RPC. A publisher MUST terminate any dynamic subscription identified by RPC request.</t>
            
            <t>Configured subscriptions cannot be killed using this RPC.  Instead, configured subscriptions are deleted as part of regular configuration operations. Publishers MUST reject any RPC attempt to kill a configured subscription.</t>
                
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "kill-subscription". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
                
            <figure align="left" title="kill-subscription RPC tree diagram"
                anchor="kill-subscription-RPC">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
     +---x kill-subscription
       +---w input
          +---w identifier    subscription-id
   
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
          
          <section title="RPC Failures" anchor="rpc_errors">
    
            <t>Whenever an RPC is unsuccessful, the publisher returns relevant information as part of the RPC error response.  Transport level error processing MUST be done before RPC error processing described in this section.  In all cases, RPC error information returned will use existing transport layer RPC structures, such as those seen with NETCONF in <xref target="RFC6241"/> Appendix A, or with RESTCONF in <xref target="RFC8040"/> Section 7.1. These structures MUST be able to encode subscription specific errors identified below and defined within this document's YANG model. </t>
            
            <t>As a result of this mixture, how subscription errors are encoded within an RPC error response is transport dependent. Following are valid errors which can occur for each RPC:</t>
            <figure>
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[    
 establish-subscription         modify-subscription 
 ----------------------         -------------------  
 dscp-unavailable               filter-unsupported      
 encoding-unsupported           insufficient-resources
 filter-unsupported             no-such-subscription
 history-unavailable            
 insufficient-resources
 replay-unsupported
 
 delete-subscription            kill-subscription
 ----------------------         ----------------------
 no-such-subscription            no-such-subscription
                  ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
        
            <t>To see a NETCONF based example of an error response from above, see <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications"/>, Figure 10.</t>
        
            <t>There is one final set of transport independent RPC error elements included in the YANG model.  These are the following three yang-data structures for failed event stream subscriptions:
        
            <list style="numbers">  
              <t>"establish-subscription-stream-error-info": This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "establish-subscription" RPC response.   This MUST be sent if hints on how to overcome the RPC error are included.</t>

              <t>"modify-subscription-stream-error-info": This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "modify-subscription" RPC response. This MUST be sent if hints on how to overcome the RPC error are included.</t>

              <t>"delete-subscription-error-info": This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "delete-subscription" or "kill-subscription" RPC response.</t>  
            </list></t>        
          </section>
            
        </section>
     
        <section title="Configured Subscriptions">
          <t>A configured subscription is a subscription installed via configuration. Configured subscriptions may be modified by any configuration client with the proper permissions. Subscriptions can be modified or terminated via configuration at any point of their lifetime.  Multiple configured subscriptions MUST be supportable over a single transport session.</t>
        
          <t>Configured subscriptions have several characteristics distinguishing them from dynamic subscriptions:
          <list style="symbols">
            <t>persistence across publisher reboots,</t>
            <t>persistence even when transport is unavailable, and</t>
            <t>an ability to send notification messages to more than one receiver (note that receivers are unaware of the existence of any other receivers.)</t>
          </list>
          </t>
        
          <t>On the publisher, supporting configured subscriptions is optional and advertised using the "configured" feature. On a receiver of a configured subscription, support for dynamic subscriptions is optional except where replaying missed event records is required.</t>
                            
          <t>In addition to the subscription parameters available to dynamic subscriptions described in <xref target="sec_establish_subs"/>, the following additional parameters are also available to configured subscriptions: 
          <list style="symbols">
            <t>A "transport" which identifies the transport protocol to use to connect with all subscription receivers.</t>
            <t>One or more receivers, each intended as the destination for event records.  Note that each individual receiver is identifiable by its "name".  Via this "name", publisher transport parameters must be defined in order to establish and maintain a transport connection with a receiver.  This transport specific reference can come in several forms, including the augmentation of leafrefs to an actual transport instance.  Such augmentations must be defined in transport specific specifications building upon this document.</t>
            <t>Optional parameters to identify where traffic should egress a publisher:
            
            <list style="symbols">
            
              <t>A "source-interface" which identifies the egress interface to use from the publisher. Publisher support for this is optional and advertised using the "interface-designation" feature.</t>
              
              <t>A "source-address" address, which identifies the IP address to stamp on notification messages destined for the receiver.</t>
              
              <t>A "source-vrf" which identifies the VRF on which to reach receivers.  This VRF is a network instance as defined within <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model"/>. Publisher support for VRFs is optional and advertised using the "supports-vrf" feature.</t>
        
            </list>
            
            If none of the above parameters are set, notification messages MUST egress the publisher's default interface.</t>
          </list></t>
          
          <t>A tree diagram describing these parameters is shown in <xref target="subscriptions-container"/> within <xref target="subscriptions-container-section"/>. All parameters are described within the YANG model in <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
        
          <section title="Configured Subscription State Model">
            <t>Below is the state machine for a configured subscription on the publisher.  This state machine describes the three states (valid, invalid, and concluded), as well as the transitions between these states.  Start and end states are depicted to reflect configured subscription creation and deletion events. The creation or modification of a configured subscription initiates an evaluation by the publisher to determine if the subscription is in valid or invalid states.  The publisher uses its own criteria in making this determination.  If in the valid state, the subscription becomes operational. See (1) in the diagram below.</t>
            
            
            <figure align="center" 
                title="Publisher state model for a configured subscription" anchor="config_state_model">
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
.........
: start :-.   
:.......: | 
     create  .---modify-----.----------------------------------.
          |  |              |                                  |         
          V  V          .-------.         .......         .---------.      
 .----[evaluate]--no--->|invalid|-delete->: end :<-delete-|concluded| 
 |                      '-------'         :.....:         '---------'
 |-[evaluate]--no-(2).      ^                ^                 ^  
 |        ^          |      |                |                 |        
yes       |          '->unsupportable      delete           stop-time     
 |      modify         (subscription-   (subscription-   (subscription- 
 |        |             terminated*)     terminated*)      concluded*)      
 |        |                 |                |                 |        
(1)       |                (3)              (4)               (5)
 |   .---------------------------------------------------------------.
 '-->|                         valid                                 |
     '---------------------------------------------------------------'
     
Legend:
dotted boxes: subscription added or removed via configuration
dashed boxes: states for a subscription
[evaluate]: decision point on whether the subscription is supportable
(*): resulting subscription state change notification
               ]]></artwork>
            </figure>                     
            
            <t>A subscription in the valid state may move to the invalid state in one of two ways.  First, it may be modified in a way which fails a re-evaluation.  See (2) in the diagram. Second, the publisher might determine that the subscription is no longer supportable.  This could be for reasons of an unexpected but sustained increase in an event stream's event records, degraded CPU capacity, a more complex referenced filter, or other higher priority subscriptions which have usurped resources. See (3) in the diagram.  No matter the case, a "subscription-terminated" notification is sent to any receivers in an active or suspended state.  A subscription in the valid state may also transition to the concluded state via (5) if a configured stop time has been reached.  In this case, a "subscription-concluded" notification is sent to any receivers in active or suspended states.  Finally, a subscription may be deleted by configuration (4).</t>
            
            <t>When a subscription is in the valid state, a publisher will attempt to connect with all receivers of a configured subscription and deliver notification messages.  Below is the state machine for each receiver of a configured subscription. This receiver state machine is fully contained within the state machine of the configured subscription, and is only relevant when the configured subscription is in the valid state.</t>
        
            <figure align="center" 
                title="Receiver state for a configured subscription on a Publisher" anchor="configured_recvr_state_model">
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
     .-----------------------------------------------------------------.
     |                         valid                                   |
     |   .----------.                           .--------.             |
     |   | receiver |---timeout---------------->|receiver|             |
     |   |connecting|<----------------reset--(c)|timeout |             |
     |   |          |<-transport                '--------'             |
     |   '----------'  loss,reset------------------------------.       |
     |      (a)          |                                     |       |
     |  subscription-   (b)                                   (b)      |
     |  started*    .--------.                             .---------. |
     |       '----->|        |(d)-insufficient CPU,------->|         | |
     |              |receiver|    buffer overflow          |receiver | |  
     | subscription-| active |                             |suspended| |
     |   modified*  |        |<----CPU, b/w sufficient,-(e)|         | |
     |        '---->'--------'     subscription-modified*  '---------' |
     '-----------------------------------------------------------------'
      
  Legend: 
   dashed boxes which include the word 'receiver' show the possible 
   states for an individual receiver of a valid configured subscription.
   * indicates a state change notification
               ]]></artwork>
            </figure> 

            <t>When a configured subscription first moves to the valid state, the "state" leaf of each receiver is initialized to "connecting".  If transport connectivity is not available to any receiver and there are any notification messages to deliver, a transport session is established (e.g., through <xref target="RFC8071"/>). Individual receivers are moved to the active state when a "subscription-started" state change notification is successfully passed to that receiver (a).  Event records are only sent to active receivers. Receivers of a configured subscription remain active if both transport connectivity can be verified to the receiver, and event records are not being dropped due to a publisher buffer overflow. The result is that a receiver will remain active on the publisher as long as events aren't being lost, or the receiver cannot be reached.  In addition, a configured subscription's receiver MUST be moved to connecting if transport connectivity cannot be achieved, or if the receiver is reset via the "reset" action (b), (c).  For more on reset, see <xref target="reset"/>.</t>

            <t>A configured subscription's receiver MUST be moved to the suspended state if there is transport connectivity between the publisher and receiver, but notification messages are failing to be delivered due to publisher buffer overflow, or notification messages are not able to be generated for that receiver due to insufficient CPU (d).  This is indicated to the receiver by the "subscription-suspended" state change notification.</t>

            <t>A configured subscription receiver MUST be returned to the active state from the suspended state when notification messages are able to be generated, bandwidth is sufficient to handle the notification messages, and a receiver has successfully been sent a "subscription-resumed" or "subscription-modified" state change notification (e). The choice as to which of these two state change notifications is sent is determined by whether the subscription was modified during the period of suspension.</t>

            <t>Modification of a configured subscription is possible at any time.  A "subscription-modified" state change notification will be sent to all active receivers, immediately followed by notification messages conforming to the new parameters.  Suspended receivers will also be informed of the modification.  However this notification will await the end of the suspension for that receiver (e).</t>       
        
            <t>The mechanisms described above are mirrored in the RPCs and notifications within the document.  It should be noted that these RPCs and notifications have been designed to be extensible and allow subscriptions into targets other than event streams.  For instance, the YANG module defined in Section 5 of <xref target="I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push"/> augments "/sn:modify-subscription/sn:input/sn:target".</t>
          </section>
              
          <section title="Creating a Configured Subscription" anchor="sec_create_config_subs">
            <t>Configured subscriptions are established using configuration operations against the top-level "subscriptions" subtree.</t>

            <t>Because there is no explicit association with an existing transport session, configuration operations MUST include additional parameters beyond those of dynamic subscriptions to indicate each receiver, how to contact that receiver, and possibly whether the notification messages need to come from a specific egress interface on the publisher.  Some of these parameters MUST be configured via transport specific augmentations to this specification."</t>
            
            <t>After a subscription is successfully established, the publisher immediately sends a "subscription-started" state change notification to each receiver.  It is quite possible that upon configuration, reboot, or even steady-state operations, a transport session may not be currently available to the receiver.  In this case, when there is something to transport for an active subscription, transport specific call-home operations will be used to establish the connection.  When transport connectivity is available, notification messages may then be pushed.</t>
            
            <t>With active configured subscriptions, it is allowable to buffer event records even after a "subscription-started" has been sent.  However if events are lost (rather than just delayed) due to replay buffer overflow, a new "subscription-started" must be sent.  This new "subscription-started" indicates an event record discontinuity.</t>
     
            <t>To see an example of subscription creation using configuration operations over NETCONF, see Appendix A of <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications"/>.</t>
                    
            <t>Note that is possible to configure replay on a configured subscription.  This capability is to allow a configured subscription to exist on a system so that event records generated during and following boot can be buffered and pushed as soon as the transport session is established.</t>
          </section>
                
          <section title="Modifying a Configured Subscription">
            <t>Configured subscriptions can be modified using configuration operations against the top-level "subscriptions" subtree.</t>
            
            <t>If the modification involves adding receivers, added receivers are placed in the connecting state.  If a receiver is removed, the state change notification "subscription-terminated" is sent to that receiver if that receiver is active or suspended.</t>
            
            <t>If the modification involves changing the policies for the subscription, the publisher sends to currently active receivers a "subscription-modified" notification.  For any suspended receivers, a "subscription-modified" notification will be delayed until the receiver is resumed.  (Note: in this case, the "subscription-modified" notification informs the receiver that the subscription has been resumed, so no additional "subscription-resumed" need be sent. Also note that if multiple modifications have occurred during the suspension, only the latest one need be sent to the receiver.)</t>   
          </section>
                    
          <section title="Deleting a Configured Subscription">
            <t>Subscriptions can be deleted through configuration against the top-level "subscriptions" subtree.</t>

            <t>Immediately after a subscription is successfully deleted, the publisher sends to all receivers of that subscription a state change notification stating the subscription has ended (i.e., "subscription-terminated").</t>                    
          </section>
          
          <section title="Resetting a Configured Subscription Receiver" anchor="reset">
             <t>It is possible that a configured subscription to a receiver needs to be reset.  This is accomplished via the "reset" action within the YANG model at "/subscriptions/subscription/receivers/receiver/reset". This re-initialization may be useful in cases where a publisher has timed out trying to reach a receiver. When such a reset occurs, a transport session will be initiated if necessary, and a new "subscription-started" notification will be sent.  This action does not have any effect on transport connectivity if the needed connectivity already exists.</t>
          </section>
           
          <section title="Replay for a Configured Subscription" anchor="replay_conf">
              <t>It is possible to do replay on a configured subscription.  This is supported via the configuration of the "configured-replay" object on the subscription.  The setting of this object enables the streaming of the buffered events for the subscribed stream.  All buffered event which have been retained since the last publisher restart will be sent.</t>
              
              <t>Replay of events records created since restart is useful.  It allows event records generated before transport connectivity establishment to be passed to a receiver.  Setting the restart time as the earliest configured replay time precludes possibility of resending of event records logged prior to publisher restart.  It also ensures the same records will be sent to each configured receiver, regardless of the speed of transport connectivity establishment to each receiver. Finally, establishing restart as the earliest potential time for event records to be included within notification messages, a well-understood timeframe for replay is defined.</t>

              <t>As a result, when any configured subscription receivers become active, buffered event records will be sent immediately after the "subscription-started" notification.  The leading event record sent will be the first event record subsequent to the latest of three different times: the "replay-log-creation-time", "replay-log-aged-time", or the most recent publisher boot time. The "replay-log-creation-time" and "replay-log-aged-time" are discussed in <xref target="replay_subs"/>. The most recent publisher boot time ensures that duplicate event records are not replayed from a previous time the publisher was booted.</t>
              
              <t>It is quite possible that a receiver might want to retrieve event records from a stream prior to the latest boot.  If such records exist where there is a configured replay, the publisher MUST send the time of the event record immediately preceding the "replay-start-time" within the "replay-previous-event-time" leaf.  Through the existence of the "replay-previous-event-time", the receiver will know that earlier events prior to reboot exist.  In addition, if the subscriber was previously receiving event records with the same subscription id, the receiver can determine if there was a timegap where records generated on the publisher were not successully received.  And with this information, the receiver may choose to dynamically subscribe to retrieve any event records placed into the stream before the most recent boot time.</t>

              <t>All other replay functionality remains the same as with dynamic subscriptions as described in <xref target="replay_subs"/>.</t>
            </section>
            
            <section anchor="transport-connectivity" title="Transport Connectivity for a Configured Subscription">
              <t>This specification is transport independent.  However supporting a configured subscription will often require the establishment of transport connectivity.  And the parameters used for this transport connectivity establishment happen to be transport specific.  As a result, the YANG model defined within <xref target="data_model"/> is not able to directly define these transport parameters.</t>
              
              <t>It is necessary to support the connection establishment process. To support this function, the YANG model does include a node where transport specific parameters may be augmented into the model.  This node is the choice "transport" located under "/subscriptions/subscription/receivers/receiver". By augmenting YANG case entries under this node, system developers are able to incorporate the YANG objects necessary to support the transport connectivity establishment process.</t>  
              
              <t>Any implementation of this specification where the optional feature "configured" is supported MUST augment the YANG model with at least one transport specific YANG case under the choice "transport".  For more information and an example on how this might be accomplished see <xref target="configured-netconf-example"/>.</t>
                   
            </section>
          
        </section>
    
        <section title="Event Record Delivery">
          <t>Whether dynamic or configured, once a subscription has been set up, the publisher streams event records via notification messages per the terms of the subscription. For dynamic subscriptions, notification messages are sent over the session used to establish the subscription.  For configured subscriptions, notification messages are sent over the connections specified by the transport and each receiver of a configured subscription.</t>
        
          <t>A notification message is sent to a receiver when an event record is not blocked by either the specified filter criteria or receiver permissions.  This notification message MUST be encoded in a &lt;notification&gt; message as defined within <xref target="RFC5277"/>, Section 4. And per <xref target="RFC5277"/>'s "eventTime" object definition, the "eventTime" is populated with the event occurrence time.</t>
                
          <t>The following example within <xref target="RFC7950"/> section 7.16.3 is an example of a compliant message:</t>
               
          <figure align="center" anchor="simple-data-plane-notif" title="subscribed notification message">       
            <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
   <notification
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
       <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
       <link-failure xmlns="http://acme.example.com/system">
           <if-name>so-1/2/3.0</if-name>
           <if-admin-status>up</if-admin-status>
           <if-oper-status>down</if-oper-status>
       </link-failure>
   </notification>
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>

          <t>When a dynamic subscription has been started or modified, with "establish-subscription" or "modify-subscription" respectively, event records matching the newly applied filter criteria MUST NOT be sent until after the RPC reply has been sent.</t>

          <t>When a configured subscription has been started or modified, event records matching the newly applied filter criteria MUST NOT be sent until after the "subscription-started" or "subscription-modified" notifications has been sent, respectively.</t>
          
        </section>
        
        <section title="Subscription State Notifications"  anchor="state_notif">
          <t>In addition to sending event records to receivers, a publisher MUST also send subscription state notifications when events related to subscription management have occurred.</t>
          
          <t>Subscription state notifications are unlike other notifications in that they are never included in any stream.  Instead, they are inserted (as defined in this section) within the sequence of notification messages sent to a particular receiver.  Subscription state notifications cannot be filtered out, they cannot be stored in replay buffers, and they are delivered only to impacted receivers of a subscription.  The identification of subscription state notifications is easy to separate from other notification messages through the use of the YANG extension "subscription-state-notif".  This extension tags a notification as a subscription state notification. </t>
          
          <t>The complete set of subscription state notifications is described in the following subsections.</t>
                
          <section title="subscription-started" anchor="sub-start-sec">
            <t>This notification indicates that a configured subscription has started, and event records may be sent. Included in this state change notification are all the parameters of the subscription, except for the receiver(s) transport connection information and origin information indicating where notification messages will egress the publisher.  Note that if a referenced filter from the "filters" container has been used within the subscription, the notification still provides the contents of that referenced filter under the "within-subscription" subtree.</t>
            
            <t>Note that for dynamic subscriptions, no "subscription-started" notifications are ever sent.</t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "subscription-started". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
            
            <figure align="left" title="subscription-started notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-started-notification">       
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-started {configured}?
       +--ro identifier
       |       subscription-id
       +--ro (target)
       |  +--:(stream)
       |     +--ro (stream-filter)?
       |     |  +--:(by-reference)
       |     |  |  +--ro stream-filter-ref
       |     |  |          stream-filter-ref
       |     |  +--:(within-subscription)
       |     |     +--ro (filter-spec)?
       |     |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
       |     |        |  +--ro stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata>
       |     |        |          {subtree}?
       |     |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
       |     |           +--ro stream-xpath-filter?     yang:xpath1.0
       |     |                   {xpath}?
       |     +--ro stream                               stream-ref
       |     +--ro replay-start-time?
       |     |       yang:date-and-time {replay}?
       |     +--ro replay-previous-event-time?
       |             yang:date-and-time {replay}?
       +--ro stop-time?
       |       yang:date-and-time
       +--ro dscp?                                      inet:dscp
       |                                                {dscp}?
       +--ro weighting?                                 uint8 {qos}?
       +--ro dependency?
       |       subscription-id {qos}?
       +--ro transport                                  transport
       |       {configured}?
       +--ro encoding?                                  encoding
       +--ro purpose?                                   string
                                                         {configured}?
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
          </section>
                
          <section title="subscription-modified">
            <t>This notification indicates that a subscription has been modified by configuration operations.  It is delivered directly after the last event records processed using the previous subscription parameters, and before any event records processed after the modification. </t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "subscription-modified". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
            
            <figure align="left" title="subscription-modified notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-modified-notification">       
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-modified
       +--ro identifier               subscription-id
       +--ro (target)
       |  +--:(stream)
       |     +--ro (stream-filter)?
       |     |  +--:(by-reference)
       |     |  |  +--ro stream-filter-ref        stream-filter-ref
       |     |  +--:(within-subscription)
       |     |     +--ro (filter-spec)?
       |     |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
       |     |        |  +--ro stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata>
       |     |        |          {subtree}?
       |     |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
       |     |           +--ro stream-xpath-filter?     yang:xpath1.0
       |     |                   {xpath}?
       |     +--ro stream                   stream-ref
       |     +--ro replay-start-time?       yang:date-and-time
       |             {replay}?
       +--ro stop-time?               yang:date-and-time
       +--ro dscp?                    inet:dscp {dscp}?
       +--ro weighting?               uint8 {qos}?
       +--ro dependency?              subscription-id {qos}?
       +--ro transport                transport {configured}?
       +--ro encoding?                encoding
       +--ro purpose?                 string {configured}?
              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
            <t>A publisher most often sends this notification directly after the modification of any configuration parameters impacting a configured subscription.  But it may also be sent at two other times:  
            
            <list style="numbers">
            <t>Where a configured subscription has been modified during the suspension of a receiver, the notification will be delayed until the receiver's suspension is lifted.  In this situation, the notification indicates that the subscription has been both modified and resumed.</t> 

            <t>While this state change will most commonly be used with configured subscriptions, with dynamic subscriptions, there is also one time this notification will be sent. A "subscription-modified" state change notification MUST be sent if the contents of the filter identified by the subscription's "stream-filter-ref" leaf has changed.</t>
            
            </list></t>            
          </section>
                
          <section title="subscription-terminated">
            <t>This notification indicates that no further event records for this subscription should be expected from the publisher. A publisher may terminate the sending event records to a receiver for the following reasons: 
            <list style="numbers">  
              <t>Configuration which removes a configured subscription, or a "kill-subscription" RPC which ends a dynamic subscription.  These are identified via the reason "no-such-subscription".</t>
              <t>A referenced filter is no longer accessible.  This is identified by "filter-unavailable".</t>
              <t>The event stream referenced by a subscription is no longer accessible by the receiver.  This is identified by "stream-unavailable".</t>
              <t>A suspended subscription has exceeded some timeout.  This is identified by "suspension-timeout".</t>
            </list></t>
            <t>Each of the reasons above correspond one-to-one with a "reason" identityref specified within the YANG model.</t>
                    
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "subscription-terminated". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
            
            <figure align="left" title="subscription-terminated notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-terminated-notification">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-terminated
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
       +--ro reason        identityref

              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          
            <t>Note: this state change notification MUST be sent to a dynamic subscription's receiver when the subscription ends unexpectedly.  The cases when this might happen are when a "kill-subscription" RPC is successful, or when some other event not including the reaching the subscription's "stop-time" results in a publisher choosing to end the subscription. </t>
          </section>
                
          <section title="subscription-suspended">
            <t>This notification indicates that a publisher has suspended the sending of event records to a receiver, and also indicates the possible loss of events.  Suspension happens when capacity constraints stop a publisher from serving a valid subscription.  The two conditions where is this possible are:
            <list style="numbers">
              <t>"insufficient-resources" when a publisher is unable to produce the requested event stream of notification messages, and</t>
              <t>"unsupportable-volume" when the bandwidth needed to get generated notification messages to a receiver exceeds a threshold. </t>
            </list></t>
            <t>These conditions are encoded within the "reason" object. No further notification will be sent until the subscription resumes or is terminated. </t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "subscription-suspended". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>

            <figure align="left" title="subscription-suspended notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-suspended-notification">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-suspended
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
       +--ro reason        identityref

              ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
            
          </section>
                
          <section title="subscription-resumed">
            <t>This notification indicates that a previously suspended subscription has been resumed under the unmodified terms previously in place. Subscribed event records generated after the issuance of this state change notification may now be sent.</t>
            
            <t>Below is the tree diagram for "subscription-resumed". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
          
            <figure align="left" title="subscription-resumed notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-resumed-notification">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-resumed
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
            ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
        
          <section title="subscription-completed">
            <t>This notification indicates that a subscription that includes a "stop-time" has successfully finished passing event records upon the reaching of that time.</t>
          
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "subscription-completed". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
          
            <figure align="left" title="subscription-completed notification tree diagram"
                anchor="subscription-completed-notification">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n subscription-completed
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
            ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
        
          <section title="replay-completed">
            <t>This notification indicates that all of the event records prior to the current time have been passed to a receiver. It is sent before any notification message containing an event record with a timestamp later than (1) the "stop-time" or (2) the subscription's start time.</t>
            
            <t>If a subscription contains no "stop-time", or has a "stop-time" that has not been reached, then after the "replay-completed" notification has been sent, additional event records will be sent in sequence as they arise naturally on the publisher.</t>
            
            <t>Below is a tree diagram for "replay-completed". All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
          
            <figure align="left" title="replay-completed notification tree diagram"
                anchor="replay-completed-notification">         
              <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +---n replay-completed
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
            ]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
               
        </section>
        
        <section title="Subscription Monitoring">
          <t>In the operational datastore, the container "subscriptions" maintains the state of all dynamic subscriptions, as well as all configured subscriptions.  Using datastore retrieval operations, or subscribing to the "subscriptions" container <xref target="I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push"/> allows the state of subscriptions and their connectivity to receivers to be monitored.</t>

          <t>Each subscription in the operational datastore is represented as a list element. Included in this list are event counters for each receiver, the state of each receiver, as well as the subscription parameters currently in effect. The appearance of the leaf "configured-subscription-state" indicates that a particular subscription came into being via configuration.  This leaf also indicates if current state of that subscription is valid, invalid, and concluded.</t>
          
          <t>To understand the flow of event records within a subscription, there are two counters available for each configured and dynamic receiver.  The first counter is "count-sent" which shows the quantity of events actually identified for sending to a receiver.  The second counter is "count-excluded" which shows event records not sent to receiver.  "count-excluded" shows the combined results of both access control and per-subscription filtering.  For configured subscriptions, counters are reset whenever the subscription is evaluated to valid (see (1) in <xref target="config_state_model"/>).</t>

          <t>Dynamic subscriptions are removed from the operational datastore once they expire (reaching stop-time) or when they are terminated. While many subscription objects are shown as configurable, dynamic subscriptions are only included within the operational datastore and as a result are not configurable.</t>
          
        </section>

        <section title="Advertisement">
          <t>Publishers supporting this document MUST indicate support of the YANG model "ietf-subscribed-notifications" within the YANG library of the publisher. In addition support for optional features "encode-xml", "encode-json", "configured" "supports-vrf", "qos", "xpath", "subtree", "interface-designation", "dscp", and "replay" MUST be indicated if supported.</t>
                
        </section>
        
      </section>
        
      <section title="YANG Data Model Trees">  

        <t>This section contains tree diagrams for nodes defined in <xref target="data_model"/>.  For tree diagrams of state change notifications, see <xref target="state_notif"/>.  Or for the tree diagrams for the RPCs, see <xref target="dynamic_subs"/>.</t>
        
        <section title="Event Streams Container" anchor="stream-tree-section">
          
          <t>A publisher maintains a list of available event streams as operational data.  This list contains both standardized and vendor-specific event streams.  This enables   subscribers to discover what streams a publisher supports.</t>
          
          <figure align="left" anchor="stream-tree"
                title="Stream Container tree diagram">
            <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +--ro streams
       +--ro stream* [name]
          +--ro name                       string
          +--ro description                string
          +--ro replay-support?            empty {replay}?
          +--ro replay-log-creation-time   yang:date-and-time {replay}?
          +--ro replay-log-aged-time?      yang:date-and-time {replay}?
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>          
        
          <t>Above is a tree diagram for the streams container. All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
        </section>
            
        <section title="Filters Container">            
          <t>The "filters" container maintains a list of all subscription filters that persist outside the life-cycle of a single subscription.  This enables pre-defined filters which may be referenced by more than one subscription.</t>
          
          <figure align="left" anchor="filter-tree"
                title="Filter Container tree diagram">
            <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
    +--rw filters
       +--rw stream-filter* [identifier]
          +--rw identifier               filter-id
          +--rw (filter-spec)?
             +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
             |  +--rw stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata> {subtree}?
             +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
                +--rw stream-xpath-filter?     yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>   
          
          <t>Above is a tree diagram for the filters container. All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
          
        </section>
        
        <section title="Subscriptions Container" anchor="subscriptions-container-section">

          <t>The "subscriptions" container maintains a list of all subscriptions on a publisher, both configured and dynamic.  It can be used to retrieve information about the subscriptions which a publisher is serving.</t>
    
          <figure align="left" title="Subscriptions tree diagram"  anchor="subscriptions-container">
            <artwork align="left" xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[
  +--rw subscriptions
     +--rw subscription* [identifier]
        +--rw identifier
        |       subscription-id
        +--rw (target)
        |  +--:(stream)
        |     +--rw (stream-filter)?
        |     |  +--:(by-reference)
        |     |  |  +--rw stream-filter-ref
        |     |  |          stream-filter-ref
        |     |  +--:(within-subscription)
        |     |     +--rw (filter-spec)?
        |     |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
        |     |        |  +--rw stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata>
        |     |        |          {subtree}?
        |     |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
        |     |           +--rw stream-xpath-filter?     yang:xpath1.0
        |     |                   {xpath}?
        |     +--rw stream                               stream-ref
        |     +--ro replay-start-time?
        |     |       yang:date-and-time {replay}?
        |     +--rw configured-replay?                   empty
        |             {configured,replay}?
        +--rw stop-time?
        |       yang:date-and-time
        +--rw dscp?                                      inet:dscp
        |       {dscp}?
        +--rw weighting?                                 uint8 {qos}?
        +--rw dependency?
        |       subscription-id {qos}?
        +--rw transport                                  transport
        |       {configured}?
        +--rw encoding?                                  encoding
        +--rw purpose?                                   string
        |       {configured}?
        +--rw (notification-message-origin)? {configured}?
        |  +--:(interface-originated)
        |  |  +--rw source-interface?
        |  |          if:interface-ref {interface-designation}?
        |  +--:(address-originated)
        |     +--rw source-vrf?
        |     |       -> /ni:network-instances/network-instance/name
        |     |       {supports-vrf}?
        |     +--rw source-address?
        |             inet:ip-address-no-zone
        +--ro configured-subscription-state?             enumeration
        |       {configured}?
        +--rw receivers
           +--rw receiver* [name]
              +--rw name              string
              +--ro count-sent?       yang:zero-based-counter64
              +--ro count-excluded?   yang:zero-based-counter64
              +--ro state             enumeration
              +---x reset {configured}?
              |  +--ro output
              |     +--ro time    yang:date-and-time
              +--rw (transport) {configured}?

            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>  

          <t>Above is a tree diagram for the subscriptions container. All objects contained in this tree are described within the included YANG model within <xref target="data_model"/>.</t>
          
        </section>
    
      </section>

    
      <section title="Data Model" anchor="data_model">
   
        <t>This module imports typedefs from <xref target="RFC6991"/>, <xref target="RFC8343"/>, and <xref target="RFC8040"/>, and it references <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model"/>, <xref target="XPATH"/>, <xref target="RFC6241"/>, <xref target="RFC7540"/>,  <xref target="RFC7951"/> and <xref target="RFC7950"/>.</t>
        
         <t>[ note to the RFC Editor - please replace XXXX within this YANG model with the number of this document, and XXXY with the number of <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model"/> ]</t>
   
            <t>[ note to the RFC Editor - please replace the two dates within the YANG module with the date of publication ]</t>
   
        <figure>
          <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-subscribed-notifications@2018-08-03.yang"
module ietf-subscribed-notifications {
  yang-version 1.1;
  namespace 
    "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications";

  prefix sn;

  import ietf-inet-types {
     prefix inet;
     reference
       "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
  }
  import ietf-interfaces {
    prefix if;
    reference
       "RFC 8343: A YANG Data Model for Interface Management";
  }
  import ietf-network-instance {
    prefix ni;
    reference
       "draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model-12: YANG Model for Network Instances";
  }
  import ietf-restconf   { 
    prefix rc;
    reference
       "RFC 8040: RESTCONF Protocol";    
  }
  import ietf-yang-types {
    prefix yang;
    reference
       "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
  }
  
  organization "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";
  contact
    "WG Web:   <http:/tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>
     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>
     
     Author:   Alexander Clemm
               <mailto:ludwig@clemm.org>

     Author:   Eric Voit
               <mailto:evoit@cisco.com>
               
     Author:   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
               <mailto:agonzalezpri@vmware.com>

     Author:   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
               <mailto:einarnn@cisco.com>

     Author:   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
               <mailto:ambtripa@cisco.com>";

  description
    "Contains a YANG specification for subscribing to event records 
    and receiving matching content within notification messages.
    
    Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors 
    of the code.  All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
    modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license 
    terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 
    4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
    (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

    This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC 
    itself for full legal notices.";
  
  revision 2018-08-03 {
    description
      "Initial version";
    reference 
    "RFC XXXX: Customized Subscriptions to a Publisher's Event Streams";
  }
  
  /*
   * FEATURES
   */

  feature configured {
    description
      "This feature indicates that configuration of subscription is
      supported.";
  }

  feature dscp {
    description
      "This feature indicates a publisher supports the placement of 
      suggested prioritization levels for network transport within 
      notification messages.";
  }  
   
  feature encode-json {
    description
      "This feature indicates that JSON encoding of notification
       messages is supported.";
  }
  
  feature encode-xml {
    description
      "This feature indicates that XML encoding of notification
       messages is supported.";
  }

  feature interface-designation {
    description
      "This feature indicates a publisher supports sourcing all receiver
      interactions for a configured subscription from a single 
      designated egress interface.";
  }
   
  feature qos {
    description
      "This feature indicates a publisher supports absolute dependencies
      of one subscription's traffic over another, as well as weighted 
      bandwidth sharing between subscriptions.  Both of these are 
      Quality of Service (QoS) features which allow differentiated 
      treatment of notification messages between a publisher and a 
      specific receiver.";
  }
  
  feature replay {
    description
      "This feature indicates that historical event record replay is 
      supported.  With replay, it is possible for past event records to 
      be streamed in chronological order.";
  }

  feature subtree {
    description
      "This feature indicates support for YANG subtree filtering.";
    reference "RFC 6241, Section 6.";
  }
  
  feature supports-vrf {
    description
      "This feature indicates a publisher supports VRF configuration
      for configured subscriptions.  VRF support for dynamic 
      subscriptions does not require this feature.";
    reference "RFC XXXY, Section 6.";
  }

  feature xpath {
    description
      "This feature indicates support for xpath filtering.";
    reference "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116";
  }
  
  /* 
   * EXTENSIONS
   */
   
  extension subscription-state-notification {
    description
      "This statement applies only to notifications. It indicates that 
       the notification is a subscription state notification. Therefore 
       it does not participate in a regular event stream and does not 
       need to be specifically subscribed to in order to be received.
       This statement can only occur as a substatement to the YANG
       'notification' statement.  This statement is not for use outside
       of this YANG module."; 
  }
  
  /*
   * IDENTITIES
   */

  /* Identities for RPC and Notification errors */ 

  identity delete-subscription-error {
     description
      "Problem found while attempting to fulfill either a 
      'delete-subscription' RPC request or a 'kill-subscription'
      RPC request."; 
  }
  
  identity establish-subscription-error {
     description
      "Problem found while attempting to fulfill an 
      'establish-subscription' RPC request."; 
  }
  
  identity modify-subscription-error {
     description
      "Problem found while attempting to fulfill a
      'modify-subscription' RPC request."; 
  }

  identity subscription-suspended-reason {
     description
      "Problem condition communicated to a receiver as part of a 
      'subscription-terminated' notification."; 
  }  
 
  identity subscription-terminated-reason {
     description
      "Problem condition communicated to a receiver as part of a
      'subscription-terminated' notification."; 
  }
  
  identity dscp-unavailable {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    if-feature "dscp";
    description 
      "The publisher is unable mark notification messages with a
      prioritization information in a way which will be respected during 
      network transit.";
  }

  identity encoding-unsupported {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    description
      "Unable to encode notification messages in the desired format.";
  }
  
  identity filter-unavailable {
    base subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
     "Referenced filter does not exist.  This means a receiver is
     referencing a filter which doesn't exist, or to which they do not
     have access permissions.";
  }
  
  identity filter-unsupported {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    base modify-subscription-error;
    description
     "Cannot parse syntax within the filter.  This failure can be from 
     a syntax error, or a syntax too complex to be processed by the 
     publisher.";
  }

  identity history-unavailable {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    if-feature "replay";
    description
     "Replay request too far into the past. This means the publisher
      does store historic information for the requested stream, but
      not back to the requested timestamp.";
  }

  identity insufficient-resources {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    base modify-subscription-error;
    base subscription-suspended-reason;
    description
      "The publisher has insufficient resources to support the
       requested subscription.  An example might be that allocated CPU
       is too limited to generate the desired set of notification 
       messages.";
  }
  
  identity no-such-subscription {
    base modify-subscription-error;
    base delete-subscription-error;
    base subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
     "Referenced subscription doesn't exist. This may be as a result of 
      a non-existent subscription ID, an ID which belongs to another 
      subscriber, or an ID for configured subscription.";
  }

  identity replay-unsupported {
    base establish-subscription-error;
    if-feature "replay";  
    description
     "Replay cannot be performed for this subscription. This means the
      publisher will not provide the requested historic information from
      the event stream via replay to this receiver.";
  }
  
  identity stream-unavailable {
    base subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
     "Not a subscribable stream.  This means the referenced event stream 
      is not available for subscription by the receiver.";
  }
  
  identity suspension-timeout {
    base subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
     "Termination of previously suspended subscription. The publisher 
      has eliminated the subscription as it exceeded a time limit for
      suspension.";
  }
  
  identity unsupportable-volume {
    base subscription-suspended-reason;
    description
      "The publisher does not have the network bandwidth needed to get  
      the volume of generated information intended for a receiver.";
  }

  /* Identities for encodings */
  
  identity configurable-encoding {
    description
      "If a transport identity derives from this identity, it means
       that it supports configurable encodings.";
  }  
  
  identity encoding {
    description
      "Base identity to represent data encodings";
  }
  
  identity encode-xml {
    base encoding;
    if-feature "encode-xml";
    description
      "Encode data using XML as described in RFC 7950";
    reference
      "RFC 7950 - The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language";
  }
  
  identity encode-json {
    base encoding;
    if-feature "encode-json";
    description
      "Encode data using JSON as described in RFC 7951";
    reference
      "RFC 7951 - JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG";
  }

  /* Identities for transports */
  identity transport {
    description
      "An identity that represents the underlying mechanism for 
      passing notification messages.";
  }

  identity inline-address {
    description
      "A transport identity can derive from this identity in order to 
       allow inline definition of the host address in the
       'receiver' list";
  }  

  /*
   * TYPEDEFs
   */
  
  typedef encoding {
    type identityref {
      base encoding;
    }
    description
      "Specifies a data encoding, e.g. for a data subscription.";
  } 
  
  typedef filter-id {
    type string;
    description
      "A type to identify filters which can be associated with a 
       subscription.";
  } 
  
  typedef stream-filter-ref {
    type leafref {
      path "/sn:filters/sn:stream-filter/sn:identifier";
    }
    description
      "This type is used to reference an event stream filter.";
  }
  
  typedef stream-ref {
    type leafref {
      path "/sn:streams/sn:stream/sn:name";
    }
    description
      "This type is used to reference a system-provided stream.";
  }

  typedef subscription-id {
    type uint32;
    description
      "A type for subscription identifiers.";
  }

  typedef transport {
    type identityref {
      base transport;
    }
    description
      "Specifies transport used to send notification messages to a
       receiver.";
  }
  
  /*
   * GROUPINGS
   */
   
  grouping stream-filter-elements {
    description
      "This grouping defines the base for filters applied to event 
       streams.";
    choice filter-spec {
      description
        "The content filter specification for this request.";
      anydata stream-subtree-filter {
        if-feature "subtree";
        description
          "Event stream evaluation criteria encoded in the syntax of a 
          subtree filter as defined in RFC 6241, Section 6. 
          
          The subtree filter is applied to the representation of 
          individual, delineated event records as contained within the 
          event stream.  For example, if the notification message 
          contains an instance of a notification defined in YANG, then 
          the top-level element is the name of the YANG notification.
 
          If the subtree filter returns a non-empty node set, the filter
          matches the event record, and the event record is included in  
          the notification message sent to the receivers.";
        reference "RFC 6241, Section 6.";  
      }
      leaf stream-xpath-filter {
        if-feature "xpath";
        type yang:xpath1.0;
        description
          "Event stream evaluation criteria encoded in the syntax of
           an XPath 1.0 expression.

           The XPath expression is evaluated on the representation of
           individual, delineated event records as contained within
           the event stream.  For example, if the notification message
           contains an instance of a notification defined in YANG,
           then the top-level element is the name of the YANG
           notification, and the root node has this top-level element
           as the only child.

           The result of the XPath expression is converted to a
           boolean value using the standard XPath 1.0 rules.  If the
           boolean value is 'true', the filter matches the event record,
           and the event record is included in the notification message 
           sent to the receivers.

           The expression is evaluated in the following XPath context:

             o  The set of namespace declarations are those in scope on
                the 'stream-xpath-filter' leaf element.

             o  The set of variable bindings is empty.

             o  The function library is the core function library, and
                the XPath functions defined in section 10 in RFC 7950.

             o  The context node is the root node.";
        reference
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116
           RFC 7950, Section 10.";

      }
    }
  } 
  
  grouping update-qos {
    description
      "This grouping describes Quality of Service information
       concerning a subscription.  This information is passed to lower
       layers for transport prioritization and treatment";
    leaf dscp {
      if-feature "dscp";
      type inet:dscp;
      default "0";
      description
        "The desired network transport priority level. This is the 
         priority set on notification messages encapsulating the results
         of the subscription.  This transport priority is shared for all 
         receivers of a given subscription.";
    }
    leaf weighting {
      if-feature "qos";
      type uint8 {
         range "0 .. 255";
      }
      description
        "Relative weighting for a subscription. Allows an underlying 
         transport layer perform informed load balance allocations 
         between various subscriptions";
      reference 
        "RFC-7540, section 5.3.2";
    }
    leaf dependency {
      if-feature "qos";
      type subscription-id;
      description
        "Provides the 'subscription-id' of a parent subscription which 
         has absolute precedence should that parent have push updates
         ready to egress the publisher. In other words, there should be
         no streaming of objects from the current subscription if   
         the parent has something ready to push.
         
         If a dependency is asserted via configuration or via RPC, but 
         the referenced 'subscription-id' does not exist, the dependency
         is silently discarded.  If a referenced subscription is deleted
         this dependency is removed.";
      reference 
        "RFC-7540, section 5.3.1";
    }
  }
   
  grouping subscription-policy-modifiable {
    description
      "This grouping describes all objects which may be changed
      in a subscription.";  
    choice target {
      mandatory true;
      description
        "Identifies the source of information against which a 
        subscription is being applied, as well as specifics on the 
        subset of information desired from that source.";
      case stream {
        choice stream-filter {
          description
            "An event stream filter can be applied to a subscription.  
            That filter will come either referenced from a global list,  
            or be provided within the subscription itself.";
          case by-reference {
            description
              "Apply a filter that has been configured separately.";
            leaf stream-filter-ref {
              type stream-filter-ref;
              mandatory true;
              description
                "References an existing stream filter which is to 
                be applied to an event stream for the subscription.";
            }
          }
          case within-subscription {
            description
              "Local definition allows a filter to have the same   
              lifecycle as the subscription.";
            uses stream-filter-elements;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    leaf stop-time {
      type yang:date-and-time;
      description
        "Identifies a time after which notification messages for a
        subscription should not be sent.  If 'stop-time' is not present, 
        the notification messages will continue until the subscription 
        is terminated.  If 'replay-start-time' exists, 'stop-time' must
        be for a subsequent time. If 'replay-start-time' doesn't exist, 
        'stop-time' when established must be for a future time.";
    }
  }
 
  grouping subscription-policy-dynamic {
    description
      "This grouping describes the only information concerning a
       subscription which can be passed over the RPCs defined in this
       model."; 
    uses subscription-policy-modifiable {
      augment target/stream {
        description
          "Adds additional objects which can be modified by RPC.";
        leaf stream {
          type stream-ref {
            require-instance false;
          }
          mandatory true;
          description
            "Indicates the event stream to be considered for
            this subscription.";
        }
        leaf replay-start-time {
          if-feature "replay";
          type yang:date-and-time;
          config false;
          description
            "Used to trigger the replay feature for a dynamic 
            subscription, with event records being selected needing to 
            be at or after the start at the time specified.  If 
            'replay-start-time' is not present, this is not a replay 
            subscription and event record push should start immediately.  
            It is never valid to specify start times that are later than 
            or equal to the current time.";
        }  
      }
    }
    uses update-qos;    
  }

  grouping subscription-policy {
    description
      "This grouping describes the full set of policy information 
      concerning both dynamic and configured subscriptions, with the 
      exclusion of both receivers and networking information specific to
      the publisher such as what interface should be used to transmit
      notification messages.";   
    uses subscription-policy-dynamic;
    leaf transport {
      if-feature "configured";
      type transport;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This leaf specifies the transport used to deliver 
        messages destined to all receivers of a subscription.";
    }
    leaf encoding {
      when 'not(../transport) or derived-from(../transport, 
      "sn:configurable-encoding")';
      type encoding;
      description
        "The type of encoding for notification messages.   For a 
        dynamic subscription, if not included as part of an establish-
        subscription RPC, the encoding will be populated with the 
        encoding used by that RPC.  For a configured subscription, if 
        not explicitly configured the encoding with be the default 
        encoding for an underlying transport.";
    }  
    leaf purpose {
      if-feature "configured";
      type string;
      description
        "Open text allowing a configuring entity to embed the 
        originator or other specifics of this subscription.";
    }
  }

  /*
   * RPCs
   */
   
  rpc establish-subscription {
    description
      "This RPC allows a subscriber to create (and possibly negotiate) 
       a subscription on its own behalf.  If successful, the 
       subscription remains in effect for the duration of the 
       subscriber's association with the publisher, or until the 
       subscription is terminated. In case an error occurs, or the 
       publisher cannot meet the terms of a subscription, an RPC error 
       is returned, the subscription is not created.  In that case, the 
       RPC reply's 'error-info' MAY include suggested parameter settings 
       that would have a higher likelihood of succeeding in a subsequent 
       'establish-subscription' request.";
    input {
      uses subscription-policy-dynamic;
      leaf encoding {
        type encoding;
        description
          "The type of encoding for the subscribed data. If not
          included as part of the RPC, the encoding MUST be set by the 
          publisher to be the encoding used by this RPC.";
      }
    }
    output {
      leaf identifier {
        type subscription-id;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Identifier used for this subscription.";
      }
      leaf replay-start-time-revision {
        if-feature "replay";
        type yang:date-and-time;
          description
            "If a replay has been requested, this represents the 
            earliest time covered by the event buffer for the requested 
            stream.  The value of this object is the 
            'replay-log-aged-time' if it exists.  Otherwise it is the 
            'replay-log-creation-time'.  All buffered event records 
            after this time will be replayed to a receiver.  This
            object will only be sent if the starting time has been 
            revised to be later than the time requested by the 
            subscriber.";
      }
    }
  }
    
  rc:yang-data establish-subscription-stream-error-info {
    container establish-subscription-stream-error-info {
      description
        "If any 'establish-subscription' RPC parameters are 
        unsupportable against the event stream, a subscription is not 
        created and the RPC error response MUST indicate the reason 
        why the subscription failed to be created. This yang-data MAY be 
        inserted as structured data within a subscription's RPC error 
        response to indicate the failure reason.  This yang-data MUST be 
        inserted if hints are to be provided back to the subscriber.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {
          base establish-subscription-error;
        }
        description
          "Indicates the reason why the subscription has failed to
          be created to a targeted stream.";
        }
      leaf filter-failure-hint { 
        type string;
          description
            "Information describing where and/or why a provided filter
             was unsupportable for a subscription.";
      }
    }      
  }
  
  rpc modify-subscription {
    description
      "This RPC allows a subscriber to modify a dynamic subscription's
       parameters.  If successful, the changed subscription 
       parameters remain in effect for the duration of the subscription,
       until the subscription is again modified, or until the
       subscription is terminated.  In case of an error or an inability 
       to meet the modified parameters, the subscription is not modified
       and the original subscription parameters remain in effect.  
       In that case, the RPC error MAY include 'error-info' suggested 
       parameter hints that would have a high likelihood of succeeding 
       in a subsequent 'modify-subscription' request.  A successful 
       'modify-subscription' will return a suspended subscription to an 
       'active' state.";
    input {
      leaf identifier {
        type subscription-id;
        mandatory true;    
        description
          "Identifier to use for this subscription.";
      }
      uses subscription-policy-modifiable;   
    }
  }
  
  rc:yang-data modify-subscription-stream-error-info {
    container modify-subscription-stream-error-info {
      description
        "This yang-data MAY be provided as part of a subscription's RPC
        error response when there is a failure of a
        'modify-subscription' RPC which has been made against a 
        stream.  This yang-data MUST be used if hints are to be
        provided back to the subscriber.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {
          base modify-subscription-error;
        }
        description
          "Information in a 'modify-subscription' RPC error response  
          which indicates the reason why the subscription to an event  
          stream has failed to be modified.";
      }
      leaf filter-failure-hint { 
        type string;
          description
            "Information describing where and/or why a provided filter
             was unsupportable for a subscription.";
      }
    }
  }
  
  rpc delete-subscription {
    description
      "This RPC allows a subscriber to delete a subscription that
       was previously created from by that same subscriber using the 
       'establish-subscription' RPC.
       
       If an error occurs, the server replies with an 'rpc-error' where 
       the 'error-info' field MAY contain an 
       'delete-subscription-error-info' structure.";
    input {
      leaf identifier {
        type subscription-id;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Identifier of the subscription that is to be deleted.
           Only subscriptions that were created using
           'establish-subscription' from the same origin as this RPC
           can be deleted via this RPC.";
      }
    }
  }
  
  rpc kill-subscription {
    description
      "This RPC allows an operator to delete a dynamic subscription 
       without restrictions on the originating subscriber or underlying 
       transport session.
         
       If an error occurs, the server replies with an 'rpc-error' where 
       the 'error-info' field MAY contain an 
       'delete-subscription-error-info' structure.";
    input {
      leaf identifier {
        type subscription-id;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Identifier of the subscription that is to be deleted. Only
           subscriptions that were created using 
           'establish-subscription' can be deleted via this RPC.";
      }
    }
  }
  
  rc:yang-data delete-subscription-error-info {
    container delete-subscription-error-info {
      description
        "If a 'delete-subscription' RPC or a 'kill-subscription' RPC 
        fails, the subscription is not deleted and the RPC error 
        response MUST indicate the reason for this failure. This 
        yang-data MAY be inserted as structured data within a 
        subscription's RPC error response to indicate the failure 
        reason.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {
          base delete-subscription-error;
        }
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Indicates the reason why the subscription has failed to be 
          deleted.";
      }
    }
  }
  
  /*
   * NOTIFICATIONS
   */

  notification replay-completed {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    if-feature "replay";
    description
      "This notification is sent to indicate that all of the replay
        notifications have been sent. It must not be sent for any other
       reason.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
  }
  
  notification subscription-completed {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    if-feature "configured";
    description
      "This notification is sent to indicate that a subscription has
       finished passing event records, as the 'stop-time' has been 
       reached.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the gracefully completed subscription.";
    }
  }
  
  notification subscription-modified {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    description
      "This notification indicates that a subscription has been 
       modified.  Notification messages sent from this point on will 
       conform to the modified terms of the subscription.  For  
       completeness, this state change notification includes both 
       modified and non-modified aspects of a subscription.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
    uses subscription-policy {
      refine "target/stream/stream-filter/within-subscription" {
        description 
          "Filter applied to the subscription.  If the 
          'stream-filter-ref' is populated, the filter within the
          subscription came from the 'filters' container.  Otherwise it 
          is populated in-line as part of the subscription.";
      }
    }
  }

  notification subscription-resumed {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    description
      "This notification indicates that a subscription that had
       previously been suspended has resumed. Notifications will once
       again be sent.  In addition, a 'subscription-resumed' indicates 
       that no modification of parameters has occurred since the last
       time event records have been sent.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
  }
  
  notification subscription-started {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    if-feature "configured";
    description
      "This notification indicates that a subscription has started and
        notifications are beginning to be sent. This notification shall
       only be sent to receivers of a subscription; it does not 
       constitute a general-purpose notification.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
    uses subscription-policy {
      refine "target/stream/replay-start-time" {
         description
           "Indicates the time that a replay using for the streaming of 
           buffered event records.  This will be populated with the most 
           recent of the following: 'replay-log-creation-time', 
           'replay-log-aged-time',  or the most recent publisher boot 
           time.";
      }
      refine "target/stream/stream-filter/within-subscription" {
        description 
          "Filter applied to the subscription.  If the 
          'stream-filter-ref' is populated, the filter within the
          subscription came from the 'filters' container.  Otherwise it 
          is populated in-line as part of the subscription.";
      }
      augment "target/stream" {
        description
          "This augmentation adds additional parameters specific to a
          subscription-started notification.";
        leaf replay-previous-event-time {
          when "../replay-start-time";
          if-feature "replay";
          type yang:date-and-time;
            description
            "If there is at least one event in the replay buffer prior 
            to 'replay-start-time', this gives the time of the event 
            generated immediately prior to the 'replay-start-time'.
            
            If a receiver previously received event records for this 
            configured subscription, it can compare this time to the
            last event record previously received.  If the two are not 
            the same (perhaps due to a reboot), then a dynamic replay 
            can be initiated to acquire any missing event records.";
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  notification subscription-suspended {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    description
      "This notification indicates that a suspension of the
       subscription by the publisher has occurred.  No further
       notifications will be sent until the subscription resumes.
       This notification shall only be sent to receivers of a
       subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
       notification.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
    leaf reason {
      type identityref {
        base subscription-suspended-reason;
      }
      mandatory true;
      description
        "Identifies the condition which resulted in the suspension.";
    }
  }
  
  notification subscription-terminated {
    sn:subscription-state-notification;
    description
      "This notification indicates that a subscription has been
       terminated.";
    leaf identifier {
      type subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the affected subscription.";
    }
    leaf reason {
      type identityref {
        base subscription-terminated-reason;
      }
      mandatory true;
      description
        "Identifies the condition which resulted in the termination .";
    }
  }


  /*
   * DATA NODES
   */

  container streams {
    config false;
    description
      "This container contains information on the built-in streams 
      provided by the publisher.";
    list stream {
      key "name";
      description
        "Identifies the built-in event streams that are supported by the
         publisher.";
      leaf name {
        type string;
        description
          "A handle for a system-provided event stream made up of a 
          sequential set of event records, each of which is 
          characterized by its own domain and semantics.";
      }
      leaf description {
        type string;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "A description of the event stream, including such information 
           as the type of event records that are available within this 
           event stream.";
      }
      leaf replay-support {
        if-feature "replay";
        type empty;
        description
          "Indicates that event record replay is available on this 
          stream.";
      }
      leaf replay-log-creation-time {
        when "../replay-support";
        if-feature "replay";
        type yang:date-and-time;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "The timestamp of the creation of the log used to support the 
          replay function on this stream. This time might be earlier 
          than the earliest available information contained in the log. 
          This object is updated if the log resets for some reason.";
      }
      leaf replay-log-aged-time {
        if-feature "replay";
        type yang:date-and-time;
        description
          "The timestamp associated with last event record which has 
           been aged out of the log.  This timestamp identifies how far 
           back into history this replay log extends, if it doesn't  
           extend back to the 'replay-log-creation-time'.  This object  
           MUST be present if replay is supported and any event records   
           have been aged out of the log.";
      }
    }
  }
   
  container filters {
    description
      "This container contains a list of configurable filters
       that can be applied to subscriptions.  This facilitates
       the reuse of complex filters once defined.";
    list stream-filter {
      key "identifier";
      description
        "A list of pre-configured filters that can be applied to
        subscriptions.";
      leaf identifier {
        type filter-id;
        description
          "An identifier to differentiate between filters.";
      }
      uses stream-filter-elements;
    }
  }
  
  container subscriptions {
    description
      "Contains the list of currently active subscriptions, i.e.
       subscriptions that are currently in effect, used for subscription
       management and monitoring purposes. This includes subscriptions
       that have been setup via RPC primitives as well as subscriptions 
       that have been established via configuration.";
    list subscription {
      key "identifier";
      description
        "The identity and specific parameters of a subscription. 
         Subscriptions within this list can be created using a control
         channel or RPC, or be established through configuration.
         
         If configuration operations or the 'kill-subscription' RPC are
         used to delete a subscription, a 'subscription-terminated' 
         message is sent to any active or suspended receivers.";
      leaf identifier {
        type subscription-id;
        description
          "Identifier of a subscription; unique within a publisher";
      }
      uses subscription-policy {
        refine "target/stream/stream" {
          description
            "Indicates the event stream to be considered for this
            subscription.  If an event stream has been removed,  
            and no longer can be referenced by an active subscription,  
            send a 'subscription-terminated' notification with 
            'stream-unavailable' as the reason.  If a configured 
            subscription refers to a non-existent stream, move that
            subscription to the 'invalid' state.";
        }
        augment "target/stream" {
          description
            "Enables objects to added to a configured stream 
            subscription";
          leaf configured-replay {
            if-feature "configured";
            if-feature "replay"; 
            type empty;
            description
              "The presence of this leaf indicates that replay for the 
              configured subscription should start at the earliest time
              in the event log, or at the publisher boot time, which 
              ever is later.";
          }
        }
      }
      choice notification-message-origin {
        if-feature "configured";
        description
          "Identifies the egress interface on the publisher from which
           notification messages are to be sent.";
        case interface-originated {
          description
            "When notification messages to egress a specific, designated
             interface on the publisher.";
          leaf source-interface {
            if-feature "interface-designation";
            type if:interface-ref;
            description
              "References the interface for notification messages.";
          }
        }
        case address-originated {
          description
            "When notification messages are to depart from a publisher
             using specific originating address and/or routing context
             information.";
          leaf source-vrf {
            if-feature "supports-vrf";
            type leafref {
              path "/ni:network-instances/ni:network-instance/ni:name";
            }
            description
              "VRF from which notification messages should egress a 
              publisher.";
          }
          leaf source-address {
            type inet:ip-address-no-zone;
            description
              "The source address for the notification messages.  If a
              source VRF exists, but this object doesn't, a publisher's
              default address for that VRF must be used.";
          }
        }
      }
      leaf configured-subscription-state {
        if-feature "configured";
        type enumeration {
          enum valid {
            value 1;
            description
              "Connection is active and healthy.";
          }
          enum invalid {
            value 2;
            description
              "The subscription as a whole is unsupportable with its 
              current parameters.";
          }
          enum concluded {
            value 3;
              description
                "A subscription is inactive as it has hit a stop time, 
                but not yet been removed from configuration.";
          }
        }
        config false;
        description
          "The presence of this leaf indicates that the subscription
          originated from configuration, not through a control channel 
          or RPC.  The value indicates the system established state
          of the subscription.";
      }
      container receivers {
        description
          "Set of receivers in a subscription.";
        list receiver {
          key "name";
          min-elements 1;
          description
            "A host intended as a recipient for the notification 
            messages of a subscription.  For configured subscriptions,
            transport specific network parameters (or a leafref to
            those parameters) may augmentated to a specific receiver
            within this list.";
          leaf name {
            type string;
            description
              "Identifies a unique receiver for a subscription.";
          }                    
          leaf count-sent {
            type yang:zero-based-counter64;
            config false;
            description
              "The number of event records sent to the receiver.  The 
              count is initialized when a dynamic subscription is 
              established, or when a configured subscription 
              transitions to the valid state.";
          } 
          leaf count-excluded {
            type yang:zero-based-counter64;
            config false;
            description
              "The number of event records explicitly removed either 
              via an event stream filter or an access control filter so 
              that they are not passed to a receiver.  This count is 
              set to zero each time 'count-sent' is initialized.";
          }
          leaf state {
            type enumeration {
              enum active {
                value 1;
                description
                  "Receiver is currently being sent any applicable 
                  notification messages for the subscription.";
              }
              enum suspended {
                value 2;
                description
                  "Receiver state is 'suspended', so the publisher 
                  is currently unable to provide notification messages 
                  for the subscription.";
              }
              enum connecting {
                value 3;
                if-feature "configured";
                description
                  "A subscription has been configured, but a 
                  'subscription-started' state change notification needs  
                  to be successfully received before notification 
                  messages are sent.
                
                  If the 'reset' action is invoked for a receiver of an
                  active configured subscription, the state must be 
                  moved to 'connecting'.";
              }
              enum timeout {
                value 4;
                if-feature "configured";
                description
                  "A subscription has failed in sending a subscription
                  started state change to the receiver.  
                  Additional attempts at connection attempts are not 
                  currently being made.";
              }
            }
            config false;
            mandatory true;
            description
              "Specifies the state of a subscription from the 
              perspective of a particular receiver.  With this info it 
              is possible to determine whether a subscriber is currently
              generating notification messages intended for that 
              receiver.";
          }
          action reset {
            if-feature "configured";
            description
              "Allows the reset of this configured subscription receiver
              to the 'connecting' state. This enables the
              connection process to be re-initiated.";
            output {
              leaf time {
                type yang:date-and-time;
                mandatory true;
                description
                  "Time a publisher returned the receiver to a
                  'connecting' state.";
              }
            }
          }
          choice transport {
            if-feature "configured";
            mandatory true;
            description
              "Defines the transport-specific configuration data
               for the value of the leaf 'transport' specified under 
               '/subscriptions/subsription'.  Individual transport
               specifications MUST augment this choice with YANG case 
               statements. Each transport specific case augmentation 
               enables the inclusion to transport parameters such as the 
               IP address, port, and security credentials.  It is these 
               parameters which are used as necessary for making a  
               secure transport connection to the receiver.";
          }          
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
<CODE ENDS> 
          ]]></artwork>
        </figure>                
      </section>
        
               
      <section title="Considerations">
	  
	    <section title="IANA Considerations">
   <t>
   This document registers the following namespace URI in the "IETF XML
   Registry" <xref target="RFC3688"/>:
   </t>

   <t>
   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications
   <vspace/>
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   <vspace/>
   XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
   </t>
   
   <t>
   This document registers the following YANG module in the "YANG
   Module Names" registry <xref target="RFC6020"/>:
   </t>
   <t>
   Name:      ietf-subscribed-notifications
   <vspace/>
   Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications
   <vspace/>
   Prefix:    sn
   <vspace/>
   Reference: draft-ietf-netconf-ietf-subscribed-notifications-11.txt 
              (RFC form) 
   </t>
        </section>
    
        <section title="Implementation Considerations">
          <t>To support deployments including both configured and dynamic subscriptions, it is recommended to split subscription identifiers into static and dynamic halves.  That way it eliminates the possibility of collisions if the configured subscriptions attempt to set a subscription-id which might have already been dynamically allocated. A best practice is to use lower half the "identifier" object's integer space when that "identifier" is assigned by an external entity (such as with a configured subscription). This leaves the upper half of subscription identifiers available to be dynamically assigned by the publisher.</t>
        
          <t>If a subscription is unable to marshal a series of filtered event records into transmittable notification messages, the receiver should be suspended with the reason "unsupportable-volume".</t>
        
          <t>For configured subscriptions, operations are against the set of receivers using the subscription identifier as a handle for that set. But for streaming updates, state change notifications are local to a receiver. In this specification it is the case that receivers get no information from the publisher about the existence of other receivers.   But if a network operator wants to let the receivers correlate results, it is useful to use the subscription identifier across the receivers to allow that correlation.</t>  

		  <t>For configured replay subscriptions, the receiver is protected from duplicated events being pushed after a publisher is rebooted.  However it is possible that a receiver might want to acquire event records which failed to be delivered just prior to the reboot. Delivering these event records be accomplished by leveraging the "eventTime" from the last event record received prior to the receipt of a "subscription-started" state change notification.  With this "eventTime" and  the "replay-start-time" from the "subscription-started" notification, an independent dynamic subscription can be established which retrieves any event records which may have been generated but not sent to the receiver. </t>
        </section>
        
        <section title="Transport Requirements">
        
          <t>This section provides requirements for any subscribed notification transport supporting the solution presented in this document.</t>
                
          <t>For both configured and dynamic subscriptions the publisher MUST authenticate a receiver via some transport level mechanism before sending any event records for which they are authorized to see.  In addition, the receiver MUST authenticate the publisher at the transport level.  The result is mutual authentication between the two.</t>
        
          <t>A secure transport is highly recommended and the publisher MUST ensure that the receiver has sufficient authorization to perform the function they are requesting against the specific subset of content involved.</t>
          
          <t>A specific transport specification built upon this document may or may not choose to require the use of the same logical channel for the RPCs and the event records.  However the event records and the subscription state notifications MUST be sent on the same transport session to ensure the properly ordered delivery.</t>
          
          <t>Additional transport requirements will be dictated by the choice of transport used with a subscription. For an example of such requirements with NETCONF transport, see <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications"/>.</t>
        
        </section>
        
        <section title="Security Considerations">
        
          <t>The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management transports such as NETCONF <xref target="RFC6241"/> or RESTCONF <xref target="RFC8040"/>.  The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH) <xref target="RFC6242"/>.  The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS <xref target="RFC5246"/>.</t>

          <t>The NETCONF Access Control Model (NACM) <xref target="RFC8341"/> provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF operations and content.</t>
          
          <t>One subscription identifier can be used for two or more receivers of the same configured subscription.  But due to the possibility of different access control permissions per receiver, it cannot be assumed that each receiver is getting identical updates.</t>  
          
          <t>With configured subscriptions, one or more publishers could be used to overwhelm a receiver.  Notification messages SHOULD NOT be sent to any receiver which does not support this specification.  Receivers that do not want notification messages need only terminate or refuse any transport sessions from the publisher.</t>          
          
          <t>When a receiver of a configured subscription gets a new "subscription-started" message for a known subscription where it is already consuming events, the receiver SHOULD retrieve any event records generated since the last event record was received.  This can be accomplish by establishing a separate dynamic replay subscription with the same filtering criteria with the publisher", assuming the publisher supports the "replay" feature.</t>
          
          <t>For dynamic subscriptions, implementations need to protect against malicious or buggy subscribers which may send a large number "establish-subscription" requests, thereby using up system resources.  To cover this possibility operators SHOULD monitor for such cases and, if discovered,take remedial action to limit the resources used, such as suspending or terminating a subset of the subscriptions or, if the underlying transport is session based, terminate the  underlying transport session.</t>

          <t>There are a number of data nodes defined in this YANG module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default).  These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations.  These are the subtrees and data nodes where there is a specific sensitivity/vulnerability:</t>
          
          <t>Container: "/filters"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols">  
            <t>"stream-subtree-filter": updating a filter could increase the computational complexity of all referencing subscriptions.</t>
            <t>"stream-xpath-filter": updating a filter could increase the computational complexity of all referencing subscriptions.</t>      
          </list></t>

          <t>Container: "/subscriptions"</t>
          <t>The following considerations are only relevant for configuration operations made upon configured subscriptions:</t>
          <t><list style="symbols">   
            <t>"configured-replay": can be used to send a large number of event records to a receiver.</t>          
            <t>"dependency": can be used to force important traffic to be queued behind less important updates.</t>
            <t>"dscp": if unvalidated, can result in the sending of traffic with a higher priority marking than warranted.</t>
            <t>"identifier": can overwrite an existing subscription, perhaps one configured by another entity.</t>
            <t>"name": adding a new key entry can be used to attempt to send traffic to an unwilling receiver.</t>
            <t>"replay-start-time": can be used to push very large logs, wasting resources.</t>
            <t>"source-address": the configured address might not be able to reach a desired receiver.</t>
            <t>"source-interface": the configured interface might not be able to reach a desired receiver.</t>
            <t>"source-vrf": can place a subscription into a virtual network  where receivers are not entitled to view the subscribed content.</t>
            <t>"stop-time": could be used to terminate content at an inopportune time.</t>
            <t>"stream": could set a subscription to an event stream containing no content permitted for the targeted receivers.</t>
            <t>"stream-filter-ref": could be set to a filter which is irrelevant to the event stream.</t>
            <t>"stream-subtree-filter": a complex filter can increase the computational resources for this subscription.</t>
            <t>"stream-xpath-filter": a complex filter can increase the computational resources for this subscription.</t>
            <t>"transport": this YANG choice node can be augmented with transport parameters which could then send the subscribed information to an undesired receiver".</t>
            <t>"weighting": placing a large weight can overwhelm the dequeuing of other subscriptions. </t>        
          </list></t>

          <t>Some of the readable data nodes in this YANG module may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  It is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these data nodes.  These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:</t>

          <t>Container: "/streams"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols">           
            <t>"name": if access control is not properly configured, can expose system internals to those who should have no access to this information.</t>
            <t>"replay-support": if access control is not properly configured, can expose logs to those who should have no access.</t>            
          </list></t>

          <t>Container: "/subscriptions"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols"> 
            <t>"count-excluded": leaf can provide information about filtered event records. A network operator should have permissions to know about such filtering.</t>
            <t>"subscription": different operational teams might have a desire to set varying subsets of subscriptions.  Access control should be designed to permit read access to just the allowed set.</t>                     
          </list></t>
   
          <t>Some of the RPC operations in this YANG module may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  It is thus important to control access to these operations.  These are the operations and their sensitivity/vulnerability:</t>
          
          <t>RPC: all</t>
          <t><list style="symbols"> 
            <t>If a malicious or buggy subscriber sends an unexpectedly large number of RPCs, the result might be an excessive use of system resources on the publisher just to determine that these subscriptions should be declined. In such a situation, subscription interactions MAY be terminated by terminating the transport session.</t>
          </list></t>
          
          <t>RPC: "delete-subscription"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols">  
            <t>No special considerations.</t>
          </list></t>          
          
          <t>RPC: "establish-subscription"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols"> 
            <t>Subscriptions could overload a publisher's resources. For this reason, publishers MUST ensure that they have sufficient resources to fulfill this request or otherwise reject the request.  </t>
          </list></t>
          
          <t>RPC: "kill-subscription"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols"> 
            <t>The "kill-subscription" RPC MUST be secured so that only connections with administrative rights are able to invoke this RPC.</t>
          </list></t>
          
          <t>RPC: "modify-subscription"</t>
          <t><list style="symbols"> 
            <t>Subscriptions could overload a publisher's resources. For this reason, publishers MUST ensure that they have sufficient resources to fulfill this request or otherwise reject the request. </t>
          </list></t>

        </section>    
        
      </section>
        
      <section title="Acknowledgments">
        <t>For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to acknowledge Andy Bierman, Tim Jenkins, Martin Bjorklund, Kent Watsen, Balazs Lengyel, Robert Wilton, Sharon Chisholm, Hector Trevino, Susan Hares, Michael Scharf, and Guangying Zheng.  
        </t>
      </section>
    </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2474"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.3688"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5246"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5277"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.6020"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.6241"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.6242"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.6991"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7950"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7951"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8040"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8174"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8341"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8342"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8343"?>
      
      <reference anchor="XPATH"
                 target="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116">
        <front>
          <title>XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0</title>
          <author fullname="J Clark" initials="J" surname="Clark"></author>
          <author fullname="S DeRose" initials="S" surname="DeRose"></author>
          <date month="November" year="1999"/>
        </front>
      </reference>    

      <reference anchor="I-D.draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model">
        <front>
          <title>YANG Network Instances</title>
            <author fullname="Lou Berger" initials="L" surname="Berger"> </author>
            <author fullname="Christan Hopps" initials="C" surname="Hopps"> </author>
            <author fullname="Acee Lindem" initials="A" surname="Lindem"> </author>
          <date month="March" year="2018"/>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model-12"/>
        <format target="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-ni-model-12"
                type="TXT"/>
      </reference> 
    
    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7540"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7923"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8071"?>
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8340"?>
   
      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push"
                 target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push/">
        <front>
          <title>YANG Datastore Subscription</title>
          <author fullname="A Clemm" initials="Alexander" surname="Clemm"></author>
          <author fullname="E Voit" initials="Eric" surname="Voit"></author>
          <author fullname="A Gonzalez Prieto" initials="Alberto" surname="Gonzalez Prieto"></author>
          <author fullname="Ambika Prasad Tripathy" initials="A" surname="Tripathy"></author>
          <author fullname="Einar Nilsen-Nygaard" initials="E" surname="Nilsen-Nygaard"></author>
          <author fullname="Andy Bierman" initials="A" surname="Bierman"></author>
          <author fullname="B Lengyel" initials="B" surname="Lengyel"></author>
          <date month="May" year="2018"/>
        </front>
      </reference>
      
      <reference anchor="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications"
                 target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications/">
        <front>
          <title>NETCONF support for event notifications</title>
          <author fullname="A Clemm" initials="Alexander" surname="Clemm"></author>
          <author fullname="E Voit" initials="Eric" surname="Voit"></author>
          <author fullname="A Gonzalez Prieto" initials="Alberto" surname="Gonzalez Prieto"></author>
          <author fullname="Einar Nilsen-Nygaard" initials="E" surname="Nilsen-Nygaard"></author>
          <author fullname="Ambika Prasad Tripathy" initials="A" surname="Tripathy"></author>
          <date month="May" year="2018"/>
        </front>
      </reference>
      
      <reference anchor="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-notif"
                 target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-notif/">
        <front>
          <title>Restconf and HTTP transport for event notifications</title>

          <author fullname="E Voit" initials="Eric" surname="Voit"></author>
          <author fullname="A Clemm" initials="Alexander" surname="Clemm"></author>
          <author fullname="Ambika Prasad Tripathy" initials="A" surname="Tripathy"></author>
          <author fullname="Einar Nilsen-Nygaard" initials="E" surname="Nilsen-Nygaard"></author> 
          <author fullname="A Gonzalez Prieto" initials="Alberto" surname="Gonzalez Prieto"></author>
          <date month="May" year="2018"/>
        </front>
      </reference>
      
      <reference anchor="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server">
        <front>
          <title>NETCONF Client and Server Models</title>
          <author fullname="K. Watsen" initials="K" surname="Watsen">
          </author>
          <author fullname="G. Wu" initials="G" surname="Wu"> </author>
          <date month="June" year="2018"/>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server-06"/>
        <format target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server/"
                type="TXT"/>
      </reference>

    </references>
       
    <section anchor="configured-netconf-example" title="Example Configured Transport Augmentation">    
    
      <t>This appendix provides a non-normative example of how the YANG model defined in <xref target="data_model"/> may be enhanced to incorporate the configuration parameters needed to support the transport connectivity process.  In this example, NETCONF transport connectivity is explored. Other transports may be supported via a similar YANG model.  For more on the overall need, see <xref target="transport-connectivity"/>.</t>

      <t>Within the YANG model defined below are two main elements.  First is a transport identity "netconf".  This transport identity allows a configuration agent to define NETCONF as the selected type of transport for s subscription. Second is a YANG case augmentation "netconf" which is made to the "/subscriptions/subscription/receivers/receiver/transport" choice node of <xref target="data_model"/>.  Within this augmentation are the necessary transport configuration parameters.  In this case the parameters consist of a leafref to the ietf-netconf-client.yang model of <xref target="I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server"/>.  This leafref itself allows referencing to the actual parameters which would be used to establish the transport connection.</t>
    
      <figure align="left" anchor="conf-netconf-example" title="Example Transport Augmentation for NETCONF">       
        <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
<CODE BEGINS> file 
"ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications@2018-08-03.yang"            
module ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications {
  yang-version 1.1;
  namespace 
    "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications";

  prefix nsn;

  import ietf-subscribed-notifications { 
    prefix sn;
  }
  import ietf-netconf-client { 
    prefix ncc; 
  }
  
  organization "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";
  contact
    "WG Web:   <http:/tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>
     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>";

  description
    "Defines NETCONF as a supported transport for subscribed event 
    notifications.";
  
  revision 2018-08-03 {
    description
      "Initial version";
    reference 
    "RFC XXXX: Customized Subscriptions to a Publisher's Event Streams";
  }
  
  identity netconf {
    base sn:transport;
    base sn:inline-address;
    description
      "NETCONF is used as a configured subscription transport for 
      notification messages and state change notifications.";
    reference 
      "RFC-6241: Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)";
    }

  augment "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription/sn:receivers/sn:receiver"
          + "/sn:transport" {
   when 'derived-from(../../../../transport, "nsn:netconf")';   
   description
      "This augmentation allows NETCONF specific parameters to be 
      exposed for a receiver.";
    case "netconf" {
      description
        "This case allows NETCONF specific parameters to be 
        exposed for a receiver.";   
      leaf netconf-endpoint {
        type leafref {
          path "/ncc:netconf-client/ncc:initiate/ncc:netconf-server" +
               "/ncc:endpoints/ncc:endpoint/ncc:name";
        }
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Remote client which need to initiate the NETCONF transport if 
          an existing NETCONF session from that client is not 
          available.";
      }
    }
  }

}
<CODE ENDS> 
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>   
    
    </section>    
    
  
    <section title="Changes between revisions">
      <t>(To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)</t>

        <t>v14 - v15
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Text tweaks.</t>
          <t>Mandatory empty case "transport" added for transport parameters.  This includes a new section and an appendix explaining it.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v13 - v14
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Removed the 'address' leaf.</t>
          <t>Replay is now of type 'empty' for configured.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
      
        <t>v12 - v13 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Tweaks from Kent's comments</t>
          <t>Referenced in YANG model updated per Tom Petch's comments</t>
          <t>Added leaf replay-previous-event-time</t>
          <t>Renamed the event counters, downshifted the subscription states</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v11 - v12 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Tweaks from Kent's, Tim's, and Martin's comments</t>
          <t>Clarified dscp text, and made its own feature</t>
          <t>YANG model tweaks alphabetizing, features.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
        
        <t>v10 - v11 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>access control filtering of events in streams included to match RFC5277 behavior</t>
          <t>security considerations updated based on YANG template.</t>
          <t>dependency QoS made non-normative on HTTP2 QoS</t>
          <t>tree diagrams referenced for each figure using them</t>
          <t>reference numbers placed into state machine figures</t>
          <t>broke configured replay into its own section</t>
          <t>many tweaks updates based on LC and YANG doctor reviews</t>
          <t>trees and YANG model reconciled were deltas existed</t>
          <t>new feature for interface originated.</t>
          <t>dscp removed from the qos feature</t>
          <t>YANG model updated in a way which collapses groups only used once so that they are part of the 'subscriptions' container.</t>
          <t>alternative encodings only allowed for transports which support them.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v09 - v10 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Typos and tweaks</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v08 - v09 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>NMDA model supported.  Non NMDA version at https://github.com/netconf-wg/rfc5277bis/</t>
          <t>Error mechanism revamped to match to embedded implementations.</t>
          <t>Explicitly identified error codes relevant to each RPC/Notification</t>
        </list>
        </t>

        <t>v07 - v08 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Split YANG trees to separate document subsections.</t>
          <t>Clarified configured state machine based on Balazs comments, and moved it into the configured subscription subsections.</t>
          <t>Normative reference to Network Instance model for VRF</t>
          <t>One transport for all receivers of configured subscriptions.</t>
          <t>QoS section moved in from yang-push</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v06 - v07 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Clarification on state machine for configured subscriptions.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
        <t>v05 - v06 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Made changes proposed by Martin, Kent, and others on the list.  Most significant of these are stream returned to string (with the SYSLOG identity removed), intro section on 5277 relationship, an identity set moved to an enumeration, clean up of definitions/terminology, state machine proposed for configured subscriptions with a clean-up of subscription state options.</t>
          <t>JSON and XML become features.  Also Xpath and subtree filtering become features</t>
          <t>Terminology updates with event records, and refinement of filters to just event stream filters.</t>
          <t>Encoding refined in establish-subscription so it takes the RPC's encoding as the default.</t>
          <t>Namespaces in examples fixed.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
      <t>v04 - v05 
        <list style="symbols">
          <t>Returned to the explicit filter subtyping of v00</t>
          <t>stream object changed to 'name' from 'stream'</t>
          <t>Cleaned up examples</t>
          <t>Clarified that JSON support needs notification-messages draft.</t>
        </list>
        </t>
      
      <t>v03 - v04</t>
        <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Moved back to the use of RFC5277 one-way notifications and encodings.</t>
         </list>
      </t>
      
      <t>v03 - v04</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Replay updated</t>
         </list>
      </t>
      
      <t>v02 - v03</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>RPCs and Notification support is identified by the Notification 2.0 capability.</t>
            <t>Updates to filtering identities and text</t>
            <t>New error type for unsupportable volume of updates</t>
            <t>Text tweaks.</t>
         </list>
      </t>
     
      <t>v01 - v02</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Subscription status moved under receiver.</t>
         </list>
      </t>
      
      <t>v00 - v01</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Security considerations updated</t>
            <t>Intro rewrite, as well as scattered text changes</t>
            <t>Added Appendix A, to help match this to related drafts in progress</t>
            <t>Updated filtering definitions, and filter types in yang file, and moved to identities for filter types</t>
            <t>Added Syslog as an event stream</t>
            <t>HTTP2 moved in from YANG-Push as a transport option</t>
            <t>Replay made an optional feature for events.  Won't apply to datastores</t>
            <t>Enabled notification timestamp to have different formats.</t>
            <t>Two error codes added.</t>
        </list>
      </t>

      <t>v01 5277bis - v00 subscribed notifications</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Kill subscription RPC added.</t>
            <t>Renamed from 5277bis to Subscribed Notifications.</t>
            <t>Changed the notification capabilities version from 1.1 to 2.0.</t>
            <t>Extracted create-subscription and other elements of RFC5277.</t>
            <t>Error conditions added, and made specific in return codes.</t>
            <t>Simplified yang model structure for removal of 'basic' grouping.</t>
            <t>Added a grouping for items which cannot be statically configured.</t>
            <t>Operational counters per receiver.</t>
            <t>Subscription-id and filter-id renamed to identifier</t>
            <t>Section for replay added. Replay now cannot be configured.</t>
            <t>Control plane notification renamed to subscription state notification</t>
            <t>Source address: Source-vrf changed to string, default address option added</t>
            <t>In yang model: 'info' changed to 'policy'</t>
            <t>Scattered text clarifications</t>
        </list>
      </t>

      <t>v00 - v01 of 5277bis</t>
      <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>YANG Model changes.  New groupings for subscription info to allow restriction of what is changeable via RPC.   Removed notifications for adding and removing receivers of configured subscriptions.</t>
            <t>Expanded/renamed definitions from event server to publisher, and client to subscriber as applicable.  Updated the definitions to include and expand on RFC 5277.</t>
            <t>Removal of redundancy with other drafts</t>
            <t>Many other clean-ups of wording and terminology</t>
        </list>
      </t>
      
    </section>
  </back>
</rfc>