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main.tex
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\documentclass[a4paper, oneside, 10pt, final]{amsart}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[babel=true,kerning=true]{microtype}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
\usepackage{eucal}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amsaddr}
\usepackage{standalone}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage[noend]{algpseudocode}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\def\osrank{\textsc{\small{osrank}}}
\def\Oscoin{\textsc{\small{Oscoin}}}
\def\oscoin{\textsc{\small{oscoin}}}
\def\netgraph{\mathcal{N}}
\def\accounts{\mathcal{A}}
\def\state{\mathcal{S}}
\def\ledger{\mathcal{L}}
\def\contributors{\mathcal{C}}
\def\projs{\mathcal{P}}
\def\miners{\mathcal{M}}
\def\registry{\mathcal{R}}
\def\bal{\mathsf{bal}}
\def\depend{\mathsf{depend}}
\def\undepend{\mathsf{undepend}}
\def\seedset{\Upsilon}
\def\epoch{\kappa}
\def\pagerank{PageRank}
\def\protocol{\Phi}
\newcommand{\tuple}[1]{\langle#1\rangle}
\newcommand{\mathsc}[1]{\text{\normalfont\scshape#1}}
\newcommand{\dep}{\xrightharpoondown[e]{d}}
\newcommand{\tx}[2]{\mathsf{#1}\lparen#2\rparen}
\newcommand{\field}[2]{#1_{\mathsf{#2}}}
\newcommand{\fn}[2]{\operatorname{#1}(#2)}
\newcommand{\prop}[2]{#1.{\mathrm{#2}}}
\newcommand*\eg{e.g.\ }
\newcommand*\ie{i.e.\ }
\algrenewcommand\algorithmicprocedure{\textbf{handler}}
% No paragraph indentation after section headers.
\makeatletter
\let\@afterindenttrue\@afterindentfalse
\makeatother
\newenvironment{fig}
{\par\noindent\minipage{\linewidth}}
{\endminipage\bigskip}
\newenvironment{epigraph}[2][]
{\leftskip=1cm \def\epigraph@author{#2} \smallskip\itshape}
{\par\vspace{0.5em}\normalfont\hfill---\ \Small\epigraph@author\hspace*{0.2cm}\par\medskip}
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\setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}
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\setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-4cm}
\addtolength{\footskip}{\baselineskip}
\raggedcolumns
\calclayout
\makeatletter
\let\@wraptoccontribs\wraptoccontribs
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\title[open source coin]{open source coin \\ \vspace{0.5em}\Small{trust and sustainability in open source communities} \\ {\tiny version 1.0 -- March 2019}}
\author{\Small Alexis Sellier\textsuperscript{$\dagger$} \qquad Eleftherios Diakomichalis\textsuperscript{$\dagger$} \qquad James Haydon\textsuperscript{$\dagger$}}
\thanks{\textsuperscript{$\dagger$}Monadic, \texttt{\{alexis,ele,james\}@monadic.xyz}}
\begin{abstract}
The success of the open source movement stems from its dynamic culture of
peer-to-peer distribution and collaboration. Yet, as open source has grown from
free \emph{software ideal} to \emph{industry standard}, finding a means of
sustainable financing has become an increasingly pressing concern. Here we
propose open source coin (\textsc{oscoin}), a secure peer-to-peer protocol for
establishing a sustainable free and open source software economy.
\end{abstract}
\maketitle
\setlength{\columnsep}{1cm}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\input{sections/01-background.tex}
\input{sections/02-oscoin.tex}
\input{sections/03-osrank.tex}
\input{sections/04-ledger.tex}
\input{sections/05-smart-contracts.tex}
\columnbreak
\input{sections/06-applications.tex}
\pagebreak
\input{sections/07-future-work.tex}
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank Sam Hart for his clear thinking, feedback and contributions to some of
the core ideas presented in this work. We thank Aaron Levin for his contributions
and great discussions early on in the process of conceiving \oscoin{}. Finally,
we thank the team at Monadic, as well as our peers for their support and feedback
which has been invaluable in finalizing this work.
\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{bitcoin} Nakamoto, Satoshi. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash
System. May 2009
\bibitem{ethereum} Wood, Gavin. Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised
Transaction Ledger. December 2018
\bibitem{filecoin} Protocol Labs. Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage Network.
July 2017
\bibitem{roads and bridges} Eghbal, Nadia. Roads and Bridges. The Unseen labor
behind our digital infrastructure. July 2016.
\bibitem{pagerank} Brin, S.; Page, L. (1998). The anatomy of a
large-scale hypertextual Web search engine (PDF). \emph{Computer Networks
and ISDN Systems.} 30: 107–117.
\bibitem{pagerank-sybil} Cheng, A. and Friedman, E. 2006. Manipulability of
PageRank under Sybil strategies. In First Workshop on the Economics of
Networked Systems (NetEcon06).
\bibitem{trustrank} Z. Gyöngyi, H. Garcia-Molina, J. Pedersen: Combating Web
Spam with TrustRank
\bibitem{incr pagerank} Bahmani, Bahman and Chowdhury, Abdur and Goel,
Ashish. Fast Incremental and Personalized PageRank. Proc. VLDB
Endow. December 2010.
\bibitem{nix} Dolstra, E., de Jonge, M. and Visser, E. Nix: A Safe and
Policy-Free System for Software Deployment. In Damon, L. (Ed.), 18th Large
Installation System Administration Conference (LISA '04), pages 79–92, Atlanta,
Georgia, USA. USENIX, November 2004.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}