[v24.1.x] [CORE-8870] Provide more UUID information

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #24929 to branch v24.1.x. This issue was created as a placeholder because the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b manual-backport-24929-v24.1.x-172
git cherry-pick -x fbc117bec9 9df3a90683 62dea8154e

git push origin manual-backport-24929-v24.1.x-172
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] [CORE-8870]  Provide more UUID information" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "manual-backport-24929-v24.1.x-172" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/24929 "

[CORE-8870]: https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-8870?atlOrigin=eyJpIjoiNWRkNTljNzYxNjVmNDY3MDlhMDU5Y2ZhYzA5YTRkZjUiLCJwIjoiZ2l0aHViLWNvbS1KU1cifQ

JIRA Link: [CORE-8938](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-8938)

[michael-redpanda]

There's been significant changes in the controller since v24.1 that make this backport arduous. If it is desired I can work on it