From e6280b93b9e7cf4fa6400bc27ff057b7257cd27f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Amit Moryossef Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 16:23:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] feat(mouthing): add production instruction --- signwriting/mouthing/README.md | 110 ++++++++------- signwriting/mouthing/mouthing.json | 147 ++++++++++++++------- signwriting/mouthing/visualize_mouthing.py | 7 +- 3 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-) diff --git a/signwriting/mouthing/README.md b/signwriting/mouthing/README.md index fd3cf9e..9cca52e 100644 --- a/signwriting/mouthing/README.md +++ b/signwriting/mouthing/README.md @@ -12,56 +12,64 @@ This also helps in developing specialized word lists for educational purposes. - 2010: https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs7/sw0642_%DCbersicht_Symbole_der_Mundbildschrift_2010.pdf - 2014: https://www.signwriting.org/symposium/archive/sws0002_05_Overview_of_Symbols_in_Mundbildschrift_Juli_2014.pdf +## Help Wanted! + +Find anything wrong or missing? Please help improve this resource by submitting a PR or opening an issue! + +- The `Grapheme`, `Example`, and `Description` columns were populated from the PDFs above without validation. +- The `Writing` column was populated by Amit, as close as possible to the standard, but may not be accurate. +- The `Instruction` column was generated by ChatGPT (`gpt-4o`), and may be inaccurate or incomplete. + ## Table -| IPA | Writing | Grapheme | Example | Description | -| --- | ------- | -------- | ------- | ----------- | -| ɑː | | a, aa, ah | Aal, Abend, Bahn | long „a” as in „bar” – or „calm” | -| ʌ | ![M518x518S34c00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34c00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | a | Salz, Wand, Mann | short „u” as in Southern English „but” | -| ɛː | | ä, äh | Käse, spät, Nähmaschine, Fähre, Mähne | long as in „air“ | -| ɛ | ![M518x518S34a00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34a00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | e, ä | essen, Bett, Eltern, Äste | short „e” as in „bet” or „get“ | -| b | ![M518x518S35000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | b, bb | Boot, Ebbe, Banane, braun, aber | as in English „bed” | -| ç | | ch – nach e, i, ä, ö, ü, eu, äu, l,n,r, ei, „ig“ am Wortende | ich, Teich, euch, Elch, Männchen, echt, nächste, möchte, Storch | Imagine saying the English word „humor“ but breath with the tip of the tongue touching the back of the lower front teeth. | -| x | | ch nach „a“, „o“, „u“ und „au“ | acht, Tochter, Bauch, Buch, tauchen, Krach | Imagine the rasping guttural sound made in the back of your throat before you spit. | -| d | ![M518x518S35d00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | d, dd | Dose, Paddel, das, dumm | same as its English equivalent „d” | -| d͡ʒ | ![M531x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483&pad=10&size=2) | Dsch | Dschungel | judge | -| eː | | e, ee, eh | Esel, Schnee, Mehl | long „e” similar to „a” in Northern English „gate” | -| ə | ![M518x518S34700482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34700482x483&pad=10&size=2) | e | Silbe, Hilfe, eine, kostet, Nadel, Nagel | like the final syllable of the English word „brother” | -| f | ![M524x518S36500482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36500482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | f, ff, v | Fisch, Affe, fragen, Vater, voll, frisch | as „f“ in „fun“ | -| ɡ | ![M518x518S35d04482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d04482x483&pad=10&size=2) | g, gg | gut, Gras, Gurke, Bagger | like the „g“ in the English word „good“ or „go“ | -| ʒ | ![M518x518S34500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | g, j | Garage, Jalousie | like „sh“ but with voice | -| h | ![M524x518S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | H, h | Haus, Hund,hallo, heute | house, he, hat | -| iː | ![M518x518S34800482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34800482x483&pad=10&size=2) | i, ie, ih, ieh | Igel, Tier, ihm, Vieh | long „ee” as in „bee” or „teeth” | -| ɪ | ![M518x518S35700482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35700482x483&pad=10&size=2) | i | ich, Milch, wichtig | short „i“ as in „fit”; never as in „bite” | -| j | | j, y | Junge, ja, Jo – Jo, Yacht | like the „y“ in the English word „yes” | -| k | ![M524x518S35d04482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35d04482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | k, ck, kk, c, ch, g | Kind, Zucker, Mokka, Clown, Chaos, Flug, krank, dick, trinken | like the „k“ in English | -| l | ![M518x518S35c00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35c00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | l, ll | Lampe, Ball, lesen, leise, alt | like „l” in „little” | -| m | ![M518x518S33b00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S33b00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | m, mm | Mutter, Maus, Hammer, Nummer, machen | like „m“ as in English „mother“ | -| n | ![M518x518S35d00482x483S33110499x490S20500503x493](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d00482x483S33110499x490S20500503x493&pad=10&size=2) | n, nn | Name, Nase, Hand, Tante, rennen, Kanne, Susanne, nie | like „n“ in „no“ or „name“ | -| ŋ | | n, ng, nk | Ring, Zange, Junge, Bon, krank, trinken | like the „ng“ sound in the English word „song“ or „long” | -| oː | ![M518x518S34400482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34400482x483&pad=10&size=2) | o, oo, oh | Ofen, Oma, Kohle, Zoo, Krone, groß, Obst | long „o” similar to „go” but with the lips more rounded and more open | -| ɔ | ![M518x518S34900482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34900482x483&pad=10&size=2) | o | Onkel, offen, Kopf | short „o” as in „stop” or „not” | -| øː | | ö, öh | König, Löwe, blöd, Öl | similar to „eu” in French „peu”; long, say a long e and purse your lips | -| œ | | ö | Öffnung, östlich | short, cross between „i” in „dirt” and „eu” in French „peu” | -| ɔː | | | | call, four, saw | -| p | ![M524x518S35000482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35000482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | p (b - am Silbenende, oder vor s oder vor t ) | Papa, Puppe, pusten, ab, Obst, Bobtail | like „p“ in „Paula“ | -| p͡f | ![M537x518S35000469x483S36500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35000469x483S36500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | pf | Pfanne, Pfeffer, Pfau | like „pf“ in „upfront“ | -| r | ![M518x520S34700482x481S36140493x516](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x520S34700482x481S36140493x516&pad=10&size=2) | r, rr, rh | Raupe, Karre, Rhabarber, rudern, rot | „rrr” as if the speaker were gargling (there is another „r” produced with the tip of the tongue) | -| ɹ | ![M518x518S36000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | r | run, red, car | like the „r” in „run” or „red” | -| z | ![M518x518S36100482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36100482x483&pad=10&size=2) | s | Saft, Rasen, Riese, Rose | like an English „z” | -| s | ![M524x518S36100482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36100482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | s, ss, ß, c | Glas, Klasse, groß, City, Bus, muss, Wasser | like an English „s” | -| ʃ | ![M524x518S33500476x483S34500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S33500476x483S34500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | sch s(t), s(p), sh, ch | Schule, Stein, Spinne, Shampoo, Chance | like the „sh” at the beginning of „show” or „short” | -| ð | ![M518x518S36300482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36300482x483&pad=10&size=2) | th | the, mother, father, with | like the „th” in „this” or „mother” | -| θ | ![M524x518S36300482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36300482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | th | three, youth, club, month | like the „th” in „think” or „both” | -| t | ![M524x518S35d00482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35d00482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | t, tt, th, dt, d | Tasse, Ratte, Theater, Stadt, Wand, Hund, turnen, tot, traurig | same as in English „Tom“ | -| tʃ | ![M537x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | tsch, ch | klatschen, Tschüs,knutschen | like „ch” in „church” | -| uː | ![M518x518S34d00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34d00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | u, uh | Buch, Tube, Huhn, Stuhl | long „oo” as in „boot” with the lips much more rounded | -| ʊ | ![M518x518S34600482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34600482x483&pad=10&size=2) | u | Hund, Stunde, Unfall | short „o“ like in „foot” or „push” | -| yː | ![M518x518S36000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | ü, üh, y | Gefühl, Kühltruhe, üben, Mühe, Mühle | try to say a long German „ie“ sound and then purse your lips | -| y | ![M518x518S36010482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36010482x483&pad=10&size=2) | ü | Glück, zurück, Küste, dünn, Mücke | short, like „u“ in French „une“ or English „dune“, but with lips pressed much closer together | -| v | ![M518x518S36500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | w, v | Wand, Wüste, wohnen, abwaschen, weit, Vase | like „v“ in „very“, not English „w“ | -| ks | ![M537x518S35d04469x483S36100495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35d04469x483S36100495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | x, ks, gs, chs, cks | Wachs, Taxi, Ochse, werktags, Luchs, Text, Knacks | like the „x“ in the English word „oxen“ as a „ks” sound | -| t͡s | ![M524x529S36100482x483S33500476x483S20600489x518](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x529S36100482x483S33500476x483S20600489x518&pad=10&size=2) | z, tz, zz, ts, ds | Zahn, Katze, Pizza, Rätsel, Schiedsrichter | like the „ts“ sound in the English words „lots” and „cats” (tsetse) | -| a͡ʊ | ![M531x518S34c00469x483S34d00495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34c00469x483S34d00495x483&pad=10&size=2) | au, ao | Auto, Stau, laut, Haus, Kakao | „ow” as in English „cow” but in a more brief and clipped manner | -| ɔ͡ø | ![M531x518S34900469x483S34800495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34900469x483S34800495x483&pad=10&size=2) | äu, eu, oi | Feuer, Eule, Gebäude, aufräumen, Konvoi | „oy“ as in English „toy“ | -| a͡ɪ | ![M531x518S34c00469x483S34800495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34c00469x483S34800495x483&pad=10&size=2) | ei, ai, ay, ey, eih | Hai, Eimer, leise, Meyer, Reihe, Karl May | English „i“ as in „high“ or „mine” | +| IPA | Writing | Grapheme | Example | Description | Instruction | +| --- | ------- | -------- | ------- | ----------- | ----------- | +| ɑː | | a, aa, ah | Aal, Abend, Bahn | long „a” as in „bar” – or „calm” | Open your mouth wide, keep your tongue low and flat, and voice. | +| ʌ | ![M518x518S34c00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34c00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | a | Salz, Wand, Mann | short „u” as in Southern English „but” | Keep your tongue in the center of your mouth, slightly raised, with your mouth open and lips relaxed while voicing. | +| ɛː | | ä, äh | Käse, spät, Nähmaschine, Fähre, Mähne | long as in „air“ | Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, spread your lips slightly, and voice. | +| ɛ | ![M518x518S34a00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34a00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | e, ä | essen, Bett, Eltern, Äste | short „e” as in „bet” or „get“ | Place your tongue mid-high in the mouth, open your mouth slightly, and voice. | +| b | ![M518x518S35000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | b, bb | Boot, Ebbe, Banane, braun, aber | as in English „bed” | Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release while voicing. | +| ç | | ch – nach e, i, ä, ö, ü, eu, äu, l,n,r, ei, „ig“ am Wortende | ich, Teich, euch, Elch, Männchen, echt, nächste, möchte, Storch | Imagine saying the English word „humor“ but breath with the tip of the tongue touching the back of the lower front teeth. | Raise the middle of your tongue close to the hard palate, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords. | +| x | | ch nach „a“, „o“, „u“ und „au“ | acht, Tochter, Bauch, Buch, tauchen, Krach | Imagine the rasping guttural sound made in the back of your throat before you spit. | Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords. | +| d | ![M518x518S35d00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | d, dd | Dose, Paddel, das, dumm | same as its English equivalent „d” | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, build up pressure, then release while voicing. | +| d͡ʒ | ![M531x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483&pad=10&size=2) | Dsch | Dschungel | judge | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously voicing and passing air through a narrow gap. | +| eː | | e, ee, eh | Esel, Schnee, Mehl | long „e” similar to „a” in Northern English „gate” | Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice. | +| ə | ![M518x518S34700482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34700482x483&pad=10&size=2) | e | Silbe, Hilfe, eine, kostet, Nadel, Nagel | like the final syllable of the English word „brother” | Keep your tongue in the middle of your mouth, mouth slightly open, and lips relaxed while voicing. | +| f | ![M524x518S36500482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36500482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | f, ff, v | Fisch, Affe, fragen, Vater, voll, frisch | as „f“ in „fun“ | Press your bottom lip against your upper teeth, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords. | +| ɡ | ![M518x518S35d04482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d04482x483&pad=10&size=2) | g, gg | gut, Gras, Gurke, Bagger | like the „g“ in the English word „good“ or „go“ | Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, build up pressure, then release while voicing. | +| ʒ | ![M518x518S34500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | g, j | Garage, Jalousie | like „sh“ but with voice | Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips slightly, and voice. | +| h | ![M524x518S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | H, h | Haus, Hund,hallo, heute | house, he, hat | Push air from your lungs through your open vocal tract without vibrating the vocal cords. | +| iː | ![M518x518S34800482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34800482x483&pad=10&size=2) | i, ie, ih, ieh | Igel, Tier, ihm, Vieh | long „ee” as in „bee” or „teeth” | Raise the front of your tongue high and close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice. | +| ɪ | ![M518x518S35700482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35700482x483&pad=10&size=2) | i | ich, Milch, wichtig | short „i“ as in „fit”; never as in „bite” | Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, but not as high as for /iː/, keep your lips unrounded, and voice. | +| j | | j, y | Junge, ja, Jo – Jo, Yacht | like the „y“ in the English word „yes” | Raise the middle of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice. | +| k | ![M524x518S35d04482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35d04482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | k, ck, kk, c, ch, g | Kind, Zucker, Mokka, Clown, Chaos, Flug, krank, dick, trinken | like the „k“ in English | Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, build up pressure, then release without voicing. | +| l | ![M518x518S35c00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35c00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | l, ll | Lampe, Ball, lesen, leise, alt | like „l” in „little” | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and voice. | +| m | ![M518x518S33b00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S33b00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | m, mm | Mutter, Maus, Hammer, Nummer, machen | like „m“ as in English „mother“ | Press your lips together, let the air pass through your nose, and voice. | +| n | ![M518x518S35d00482x483S33110499x490S20500503x493](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S35d00482x483S33110499x490S20500503x493&pad=10&size=2) | n, nn | Name, Nase, Hand, Tante, rennen, Kanne, Susanne, nie | like „n“ in „no“ or „name“ | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, let the air pass through your nose, and voice. | +| ŋ | | n, ng, nk | Ring, Zange, Junge, Bon, krank, trinken | like the „ng“ sound in the English word „song“ or „long” | Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, let the air pass through your nose, and voice. | +| oː | ![M518x518S34400482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34400482x483&pad=10&size=2) | o, oo, oh | Ofen, Oma, Kohle, Zoo, Krone, groß, Obst | long „o” similar to „go” but with the lips more rounded and more open | Raise the back of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips, and voice. | +| ɔ | ![M518x518S34900482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34900482x483&pad=10&size=2) | o | Onkel, offen, Kopf | short „o” as in „stop” or „not” | Lower the back of your tongue, open your mouth, and round your lips slightly while voicing. | +| øː | | ö, öh | König, Löwe, blöd, Öl | similar to „eu” in French „peu”; long, say a long e and purse your lips | Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice. | +| œ | | ö | Öffnung, östlich | short, cross between „i” in „dirt” and „eu” in French „peu” | Raise the front of your tongue mid-high in the mouth, round your lips moderately, and voice. | +| ɔː | | | | call, four, saw | Lower the back of your tongue, open your mouth wide, and round your lips while voicing. | +| p | ![M524x518S35000482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35000482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | p (b - am Silbenende, oder vor s oder vor t ) | Papa, Puppe, pusten, ab, Obst, Bobtail | like „p“ in „Paula“ | Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release without voicing. | +| p͡f | ![M537x518S35000469x483S36500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35000469x483S36500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | pf | Pfanne, Pfeffer, Pfau | like „pf“ in „upfront“ | Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release while simultaneously bringing your bottom lip close to your upper teeth, and push air through. | +| r | ![M518x520S34700482x481S36140493x516](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x520S34700482x481S36140493x516&pad=10&size=2) | r, rr, rh | Raupe, Karre, Rhabarber, rudern, rot | „rrr” as if the speaker were gargling (there is another „r” produced with the tip of the tongue) | Raise the back of your tongue close to the soft palate and make it vibrate while voicing. | +| ɹ | ![M518x518S36000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | r | run, red, car | like the „r” in „run” or „red” | Raise the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth without touching, keep your lips slightly rounded, and voice. | +| z | ![M518x518S36100482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36100482x483&pad=10&size=2) | s | Saft, Rasen, Riese, Rose | like an English „z” | Place the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and push air through while voicing. | +| s | ![M524x518S36100482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36100482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | s, ss, ß, c | Glas, Klasse, groß, City, Bus, muss, Wasser | like an English „s” | Place the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and push air through without voicing. | +| ʃ | ![M524x518S33500476x483S34500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S33500476x483S34500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | sch s(t), s(p), sh, ch | Schule, Stein, Spinne, Shampoo, Chance | like the „sh” at the beginning of „show” or „short” | Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips, and push air through without voicing. | +| ð | ![M518x518S36300482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36300482x483&pad=10&size=2) | th | the, mother, father, with | like the „th” in „this” or „mother” | Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth, and push air through while voicing. | +| θ | ![M524x518S36300482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S36300482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | th | three, youth, club, month | like the „th” in „think” or „both” | Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth, and push air through without voicing. | +| t | ![M524x518S35d00482x483S33500476x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x518S35d00482x483S33500476x483&pad=10&size=2) | t, tt, th, dt, d | Tasse, Ratte, Theater, Stadt, Wand, Hund, turnen, tot, traurig | same as in English „Tom“ | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, build up pressure, then release without voicing. | +| tʃ | ![M537x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | tsch, ch | klatschen, Tschüs,knutschen | like „ch” in „church” | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously pushing air through a narrow gap. | +| uː | ![M518x518S34d00482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34d00482x483&pad=10&size=2) | u, uh | Buch, Tube, Huhn, Stuhl | long „oo” as in „boot” with the lips much more rounded | Raise the back of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice. | +| ʊ | ![M518x518S34600482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S34600482x483&pad=10&size=2) | u | Hund, Stunde, Unfall | short „o“ like in „foot” or „push” | Raise the back of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips moderately, and voice. | +| yː | ![M518x518S36000482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36000482x483&pad=10&size=2) | ü, üh, y | Gefühl, Kühltruhe, üben, Mühe, Mühle | try to say a long German „ie“ sound and then purse your lips | Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice. | +| y | ![M518x518S36010482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36010482x483&pad=10&size=2) | ü | Glück, zurück, Küste, dünn, Mücke | short, like „u“ in French „une“ or English „dune“, but with lips pressed much closer together | Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice. | +| v | ![M518x518S36500482x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M518x518S36500482x483&pad=10&size=2) | w, v | Wand, Wüste, wohnen, abwaschen, weit, Vase | like „v“ in „very“, not English „w“ | Press your bottom lip against your upper teeth, and push air through while voicing. | +| ks | ![M537x518S35d04469x483S36100495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M537x518S35d04469x483S36100495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483&pad=10&size=2) | x, ks, gs, chs, cks | Wachs, Taxi, Ochse, werktags, Luchs, Text, Knacks | like the „x“ in the English word „oxen“ as a „ks” sound | Make a /k/ sound followed immediately by an /s/ sound. | +| t͡s | ![M524x529S36100482x483S33500476x483S20600489x518](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M524x529S36100482x483S33500476x483S20600489x518&pad=10&size=2) | z, tz, zz, ts, ds | Zahn, Katze, Pizza, Rätsel, Schiedsrichter | like the „ts“ sound in the English words „lots” and „cats” (tsetse) | Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously pushing air through a narrow gap. | +| a͡ʊ | ![M531x518S34c00469x483S34d00495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34c00469x483S34d00495x483&pad=10&size=2) | au, ao | Auto, Stau, laut, Haus, Kakao | „ow” as in English „cow” but in a more brief and clipped manner | Start with your tongue low and your mouth open, then move your tongue upward and close your lips into a rounded shape while voicing. | +| ɔ͡ø | ![M531x518S34900469x483S34800495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34900469x483S34800495x483&pad=10&size=2) | äu, eu, oi | Feuer, Eule, Gebäude, aufräumen, Konvoi | „oy“ as in English „toy“ | Start with your tongue low and your lips rounded, then move your tongue upward and forward while rounding your lips tighter. | +| a͡ɪ | ![M531x518S34c00469x483S34800495x483](https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle2.0/glyphogram.php?text=M531x518S34c00469x483S34800495x483&pad=10&size=2) | ei, ai, ay, ey, eih | Hai, Eimer, leise, Meyer, Reihe, Karl May | English „i“ as in „high“ or „mine” | Start with your tongue low and your mouth open, then move your tongue upward and close your lips into a slight smile while voicing. | diff --git a/signwriting/mouthing/mouthing.json b/signwriting/mouthing/mouthing.json index 43982fc..60af62c 100644 --- a/signwriting/mouthing/mouthing.json +++ b/signwriting/mouthing/mouthing.json @@ -3,294 +3,343 @@ "writing": "", "grapheme": "a, aa, ah", "example": "Aal, Abend, Bahn", - "description": "long „a” as in „bar” – or „calm”" + "description": "long „a” as in „bar” – or „calm”", + "instruction": "Open your mouth wide, keep your tongue low and flat, and voice." }, "ʌ": { "writing": "M518x518S34c00482x483", "grapheme": "a", "example": "Salz, Wand, Mann", - "description": "short „u” as in Southern English „but”" + "description": "short „u” as in Southern English „but”", + "instruction": "Keep your tongue in the center of your mouth, slightly raised, with your mouth open and lips relaxed while voicing." }, "ɛː": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "ä, äh", "example": "Käse, spät, Nähmaschine, Fähre, Mähne", - "description": "long as in „air“" + "description": "long as in „air“", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, spread your lips slightly, and voice." }, "ɛ": { "writing": "M518x518S34a00482x483", "grapheme": "e, ä", "example": "essen, Bett, Eltern, Äste", - "description": "short „e” as in „bet” or „get“" + "description": "short „e” as in „bet” or „get“", + "instruction": "Place your tongue mid-high in the mouth, open your mouth slightly, and voice." }, "b": { "writing": "M518x518S35000482x483", "grapheme": "b, bb", "example": "Boot, Ebbe, Banane, braun, aber", - "description": "as in English „bed”" + "description": "as in English „bed”", + "instruction": "Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release while voicing." }, "ç": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "ch – nach e, i, ä, ö, ü, eu, äu, l,n,r, ei, „ig“ am Wortende", "example": "ich, Teich, euch, Elch, Männchen, echt, nächste, möchte, Storch", - "description": "Imagine saying the English word „humor“ but breath with the tip of the tongue touching the back of the lower front teeth." + "description": "Imagine saying the English word „humor“ but breath with the tip of the tongue touching the back of the lower front teeth.", + "instruction": "Raise the middle of your tongue close to the hard palate, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords." }, "x": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "ch nach „a“, „o“, „u“ und „au“", "example": "acht, Tochter, Bauch, Buch, tauchen, Krach", - "description": "Imagine the rasping guttural sound made in the back of your throat before you spit." + "description": "Imagine the rasping guttural sound made in the back of your throat before you spit.", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords." }, "d": { "writing": "M518x518S35d00482x483", "grapheme": "d, dd", "example": "Dose, Paddel, das, dumm", - "description": "same as its English equivalent „d”" + "description": "same as its English equivalent „d”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, build up pressure, then release while voicing." }, "d͡ʒ": { "writing": "M531x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483", "grapheme": "Dsch", "example": "Dschungel", - "description": "judge" + "description": "judge", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously voicing and passing air through a narrow gap." }, "eː": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "e, ee, eh", "example": "Esel, Schnee, Mehl", - "description": "long „e” similar to „a” in Northern English „gate”" + "description": "long „e” similar to „a” in Northern English „gate”", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice." }, "ə": { "writing": "M518x518S34700482x483", "grapheme": "e", "example": "Silbe, Hilfe, eine, kostet, Nadel, Nagel", - "description": "like the final syllable of the English word „brother”" + "description": "like the final syllable of the English word „brother”", + "instruction": "Keep your tongue in the middle of your mouth, mouth slightly open, and lips relaxed while voicing." }, "f": { "writing": "M524x518S36500482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "f, ff, v", "example": "Fisch, Affe, fragen, Vater, voll, frisch", - "description": "as „f“ in „fun“" + "description": "as „f“ in „fun“", + "instruction": "Press your bottom lip against your upper teeth, and push air through without vibrating the vocal cords." }, "ɡ": { "writing": "M518x518S35d04482x483", "grapheme": "g, gg", "example": "gut, Gras, Gurke, Bagger", - "description": "like the „g“ in the English word „good“ or „go“" + "description": "like the „g“ in the English word „good“ or „go“", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, build up pressure, then release while voicing." }, "ʒ": { "writing": "M518x518S34500482x483", "grapheme": "g, j", "example": "Garage, Jalousie", - "description": "like „sh“ but with voice" + "description": "like „sh“ but with voice", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips slightly, and voice." }, "h": { "writing": "M524x518S33500476x483", "grapheme": "H, h", "example": "Haus, Hund,hallo, heute", - "description": "house, he, hat" + "description": "house, he, hat", + "instruction": "Push air from your lungs through your open vocal tract without vibrating the vocal cords." }, "iː": { "writing": "M518x518S34800482x483", "grapheme": "i, ie, ih, ieh", "example": "Igel, Tier, ihm, Vieh", - "description": "long „ee” as in „bee” or „teeth”" + "description": "long „ee” as in „bee” or „teeth”", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high and close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice." }, "ɪ": { "writing": "M518x518S35700482x483", "grapheme": "i", "example": "ich, Milch, wichtig", - "description": "short „i“ as in „fit”; never as in „bite”" + "description": "short „i“ as in „fit”; never as in „bite”", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, but not as high as for /iː/, keep your lips unrounded, and voice." }, "j": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "j, y", "example": "Junge, ja, Jo – Jo, Yacht", - "description": "like the „y“ in the English word „yes”" + "description": "like the „y“ in the English word „yes”", + "instruction": "Raise the middle of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, keep your lips unrounded, and voice." }, "k": { "writing": "M524x518S35d04482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "k, ck, kk, c, ch, g", "example": "Kind, Zucker, Mokka, Clown, Chaos, Flug, krank, dick, trinken", - "description": "like the „k“ in English" + "description": "like the „k“ in English", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, build up pressure, then release without voicing." }, "l": { "writing": "M518x518S35c00482x483", "grapheme": "l, ll", "example": "Lampe, Ball, lesen, leise, alt", - "description": "like „l” in „little”" + "description": "like „l” in „little”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and voice." }, "m": { "writing": "M518x518S33b00482x483", "grapheme": "m, mm", "example": "Mutter, Maus, Hammer, Nummer, machen", - "description": "like „m“ as in English „mother“" + "description": "like „m“ as in English „mother“", + "instruction": "Press your lips together, let the air pass through your nose, and voice." }, "n": { "writing": "M518x518S35d00482x483S33110499x490S20500503x493", "grapheme": "n, nn", "example": "Name, Nase, Hand, Tante, rennen, Kanne, Susanne, nie", - "description": "like „n“ in „no“ or „name“" + "description": "like „n“ in „no“ or „name“", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, let the air pass through your nose, and voice." }, "ŋ": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "n, ng, nk", "example": "Ring, Zange, Junge, Bon, krank, trinken", - "description": "like the „ng“ sound in the English word „song“ or „long”" + "description": "like the „ng“ sound in the English word „song“ or „long”", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue against the soft palate, let the air pass through your nose, and voice." }, "oː": { "writing": "M518x518S34400482x483", "grapheme": "o, oo, oh", "example": "Ofen, Oma, Kohle, Zoo, Krone, groß, Obst", - "description": "long „o” similar to „go” but with the lips more rounded and more open" + "description": "long „o” similar to „go” but with the lips more rounded and more open", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips, and voice." }, "ɔ": { "writing": "M518x518S34900482x483", "grapheme": "o", "example": "Onkel, offen, Kopf", - "description": "short „o” as in „stop” or „not”" + "description": "short „o” as in „stop” or „not”", + "instruction": "Lower the back of your tongue, open your mouth, and round your lips slightly while voicing." }, "øː": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "ö, öh", "example": "König, Löwe, blöd, Öl", - "description": "similar to „eu” in French „peu”; long, say a long e and purse your lips" + "description": "similar to „eu” in French „peu”; long, say a long e and purse your lips", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice." }, "œ": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "ö", "example": "Öffnung, östlich", - "description": "short, cross between „i” in „dirt” and „eu” in French „peu”" + "description": "short, cross between „i” in „dirt” and „eu” in French „peu”", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue mid-high in the mouth, round your lips moderately, and voice." }, "ɔː": { "writing": "", "grapheme": "", "example": "", - "description": "call, four, saw" + "description": "call, four, saw", + "instruction": "Lower the back of your tongue, open your mouth wide, and round your lips while voicing." }, "p": { "writing": "M524x518S35000482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "p (b - am Silbenende, oder vor s oder vor t )", "example": "Papa, Puppe, pusten, ab, Obst, Bobtail", - "description": "like „p“ in „Paula“" + "description": "like „p“ in „Paula“", + "instruction": "Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release without voicing." }, "p͡f": { "writing": "M537x518S35000469x483S36500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483", "grapheme": "pf", "example": "Pfanne, Pfeffer, Pfau", - "description": "like „pf“ in „upfront“" + "description": "like „pf“ in „upfront“", + "instruction": "Press your lips together, build up pressure, then release while simultaneously bringing your bottom lip close to your upper teeth, and push air through." }, "r": { "writing": "M518x520S34700482x481S36140493x516", "grapheme": "r, rr, rh", "example": "Raupe, Karre, Rhabarber, rudern, rot", - "description": "„rrr” as if the speaker were gargling (there is another „r” produced with the tip of the tongue)" + "description": "„rrr” as if the speaker were gargling (there is another „r” produced with the tip of the tongue)", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue close to the soft palate and make it vibrate while voicing." }, "ɹ": { "writing": "M518x518S36000482x483", "grapheme": "r", "example": "run, red, car", - "description": "like the „r” in „run” or „red”" + "description": "like the „r” in „run” or „red”", + "instruction": "Raise the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth without touching, keep your lips slightly rounded, and voice." }, "z": { "writing": "M518x518S36100482x483", "grapheme": "s", "example": "Saft, Rasen, Riese, Rose", - "description": "like an English „z”" + "description": "like an English „z”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and push air through while voicing." }, "s": { "writing": "M524x518S36100482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "s, ss, ß, c", "example": "Glas, Klasse, groß, City, Bus, muss, Wasser", - "description": "like an English „s”" + "description": "like an English „s”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue close to the ridge behind your upper front teeth, and push air through without voicing." }, "ʃ": { "writing": "M524x518S33500476x483S34500482x483", "grapheme": "sch s(t), s(p), sh, ch", "example": "Schule, Stein, Spinne, Shampoo, Chance", - "description": "like the „sh” at the beginning of „show” or „short”" + "description": "like the „sh” at the beginning of „show” or „short”", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue close to the roof of your mouth, round your lips, and push air through without voicing." }, "ð": { "writing": "M518x518S36300482x483", "grapheme": "th", "example": "the, mother, father, with", - "description": "like the „th” in „this” or „mother”" + "description": "like the „th” in „this” or „mother”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth, and push air through while voicing." }, "θ": { "writing": "M524x518S36300482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "th", "example": "three, youth, club, month", - "description": "like the „th” in „think” or „both”" + "description": "like the „th” in „think” or „both”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth, and push air through without voicing." }, "t": { "writing": "M524x518S35d00482x483S33500476x483", "grapheme": "t, tt, th, dt, d", "example": "Tasse, Ratte, Theater, Stadt, Wand, Hund, turnen, tot, traurig", - "description": "same as in English „Tom“" + "description": "same as in English „Tom“", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, build up pressure, then release without voicing." }, "tʃ": { "writing": "M537x518S35d00469x483S34500495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483", "grapheme": "tsch, ch", "example": "klatschen, Tschüs,knutschen", - "description": "like „ch” in „church”" + "description": "like „ch” in „church”", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously pushing air through a narrow gap." }, "uː": { "writing": "M518x518S34d00482x483", "grapheme": "u, uh", "example": "Buch, Tube, Huhn, Stuhl", - "description": "long „oo” as in „boot” with the lips much more rounded" + "description": "long „oo” as in „boot” with the lips much more rounded", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice." }, "ʊ": { "writing": "M518x518S34600482x483", "grapheme": "u", "example": "Hund, Stunde, Unfall", - "description": "short „o“ like in „foot” or „push”" + "description": "short „o“ like in „foot” or „push”", + "instruction": "Raise the back of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips moderately, and voice." }, "yː": { "writing": "M518x518S36000482x483", "grapheme": "ü, üh, y", "example": "Gefühl, Kühltruhe, üben, Mühe, Mühle", - "description": "try to say a long German „ie“ sound and then purse your lips" + "description": "try to say a long German „ie“ sound and then purse your lips", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice." }, "y": { "writing": "M518x518S36010482x483", "grapheme": "ü", "example": "Glück, zurück, Küste, dünn, Mücke", - "description": "short, like „u“ in French „une“ or English „dune“, but with lips pressed much closer together" + "description": "short, like „u“ in French „une“ or English „dune“, but with lips pressed much closer together", + "instruction": "Raise the front of your tongue high in the mouth, round your lips tightly, and voice." }, "v": { "writing": "M518x518S36500482x483", "grapheme": "w, v", "example": "Wand, Wüste, wohnen, abwaschen, weit, Vase", - "description": "like „v“ in „very“, not English „w“" + "description": "like „v“ in „very“, not English „w“", + "instruction": "Press your bottom lip against your upper teeth, and push air through while voicing." }, "ks": { "writing": "M537x518S35d04469x483S36100495x483S33520463x483S33510495x483", "grapheme": "x, ks, gs, chs, cks", "example": "Wachs, Taxi, Ochse, werktags, Luchs, Text, Knacks", - "description": "like the „x“ in the English word „oxen“ as a „ks” sound" + "description": "like the „x“ in the English word „oxen“ as a „ks” sound", + "instruction": "Make a /k/ sound followed immediately by an /s/ sound." }, "t͡s": { "writing": "M524x529S36100482x483S33500476x483S20600489x518", "grapheme": "z, tz, zz, ts, ds", "example": "Zahn, Katze, Pizza, Rätsel, Schiedsrichter", - "description": "like the „ts“ sound in the English words „lots” and „cats” (tsetse)" + "description": "like the „ts“ sound in the English words „lots” and „cats” (tsetse)", + "instruction": "Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge behind your upper front teeth, then release it while simultaneously pushing air through a narrow gap." }, "a͡ʊ": { "writing": "M531x518S34c00469x483S34d00495x483", "grapheme": "au, ao", "example": "Auto, Stau, laut, Haus, Kakao", - "description": "„ow” as in English „cow” but in a more brief and clipped manner" + "description": "„ow” as in English „cow” but in a more brief and clipped manner", + "instruction": "Start with your tongue low and your mouth open, then move your tongue upward and close your lips into a rounded shape while voicing." }, "ɔ͡ø": { "writing": "M531x518S34900469x483S34800495x483", "grapheme": "äu, eu, oi", "example": "Feuer, Eule, Gebäude, aufräumen, Konvoi", - "description": "„oy“ as in English „toy“" + "description": "„oy“ as in English „toy“", + "instruction": "Start with your tongue low and your lips rounded, then move your tongue upward and forward while rounding your lips tighter." }, "a͡ɪ": { "writing": "M531x518S34c00469x483S34800495x483", "grapheme": "ei, ai, ay, ey, eih", "example": "Hai, Eimer, leise, Meyer, Reihe, Karl May", - "description": "English „i“ as in „high“ or „mine”" + "description": "English „i“ as in „high“ or „mine”", + "instruction": "Start with your tongue low and your mouth open, then move your tongue upward and close your lips into a slight smile while voicing." } } diff --git a/signwriting/mouthing/visualize_mouthing.py b/signwriting/mouthing/visualize_mouthing.py index a4b8b4d..0da9cd7 100644 --- a/signwriting/mouthing/visualize_mouthing.py +++ b/signwriting/mouthing/visualize_mouthing.py @@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ data = json.load(f) # Generate the markdown table - table_header = "| IPA | Writing | Grapheme | Example | Description |\n" - table_divider = "| --- | ------- | -------- | ------- | ----------- |\n" + table_header = "| IPA | Writing | Grapheme | Example | Description | Instruction | \n" + table_divider = "| --- | ------- | -------- | ------- | ----------- | ----------- | \n" table_rows = [] for ipa, details in data.items(): @@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ grapheme = details.get("grapheme", "") example = details.get("example", "") description = details.get("description", "") - row = f"| {ipa} | {writing} | {grapheme} | {example} | {description} |\n" + instruction = details.get("instruction", "") + row = f"| {ipa} | {writing} | {grapheme} | {example} | {description} | {instruction} |\n" table_rows.append(row) # Read the current README.md content