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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>CSS Training</title>
<meta name="description" content="Full day CSS training">
<meta name="author" content="Wes Ruvalcaba">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugin/prism/prism.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugin/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/redhat-light.css" id="theme">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
.section-indicator {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
z-index: -1;
font-size: 0.6em;
transform: skew(-10deg);
}
.section-indicator:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: -0.5em;
bottom: -0.5em;
left: -0.75em;
right: -2em;
z-index: -1;
background: rgba(35, 165, 216, 0.2);
}
section {
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section >
<p class="small" style="position: relative; top: -6em;"><strong>Pro-tip:</strong> Press <span style="display: inline-block; padding: .2em .6em; border: 1px solid #777; border-radius: .3em; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #555, 0 2px 0 #555, 0 3px 0 #555, 0 4px 0 #555; position: relative; top: -.1em; color: #000;">space bar</span> to progress and it won't skip any slides</p>
<h1>
Intermediate to Advanced CSS
</h1>
<p>For Practical Peoples</p>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<img src="assets/d8/me.jpg" alt="" style="width: 35%; float: right;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: calc(65% - 0.6em);">
<h3 id="wes-ruvalcaba">Wes Ruvalcaba</h3>
<ul>
<li>Senior UI & UX Dev at Red Hat</li>
<li>Writing CSS since 2002</li>
<li>Markup, CSS & Standards Dork</li>
<li>Tend to write custom code, more than repurpose existing</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 1em;"><a href="https://twitter.com/wesruv"><i class="fa fa-twitter" style="font-size: 2em; line-height: .5em; padding: 0 .2em 0 0; transform: translateY(.15em);"></i>@wesruv</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Feel free to ask questions at any time!</h3>
</section>
</section>
<!--
<section data-background-color="#fff">
<img src="assets/lullabot-logo.png" alt="Lullabot" />
<aside class="notes">
Strategy, Design, Development<br>
Large scale web sites with complex problems<br>
Content, Editorial, Technical Challenges<br>
Support & Maint<br>
Technical Support, Mentorship, Training, Advice, Smaller engagements
</aside>
</section>
-->
<section>
<h3>People I'm Stealing <em>a lot</em> from</h3>
<ul>
<li>Rachel Andrew</li>
<li>Chris Coyier</li>
<li>Jen Simmons</li>
<li>Mozilla Developer Network</li>
<li>... and plenty of others (see sources slides)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The Goal</h3>
<aside class="notes">
<p>Kinda good at CSS to understanding the harder concepts of CSS.</p>
<p>Understand the tools available, how they work, and what they're good at.</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="well-go-over">We'll go over</h2>
<ul style="font-size: 0.9em; width: 100%; padding: 0;">
<li>CSS "Units" and "Lengths"</li>
<li>Media Queries</li>
<li>Layout with CSS post Grid & Flexbox</li>
<li>Advanced styling techniques & animating</li>
<li>Accessibility</li>
<li>Debugging CSS Issues</li>
<li>Architecting CSS</li>
<li>Fancy Tips and Tricks</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="center">
<section>
<h2 id="foreword">Foreword Advice</h2>
</section>
<section data-background="assets/css-training/walnut-brain.jpg">
<aside class="notes">You don't need to memorize everything</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="assets/css-training/write-css-code.jpg">
<aside class="notes">
Make excuses to use, practice, or teach CSS
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="#fff" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="assets/css-training/read-the-docs.png" style="width: 70%" alt="" />
<aside class="notes">
Read the (W3C) docs, or if those are imparsible nonsense (it happens), look it up on MDN or CSS Tricks
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="#fff" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="assets/css-training/w3c-not-w3c-schools.png" style="width: 100%" alt="" />
<aside class="notes">
W3C schools is not associated with the W3C,<br>
I loathe their site, and their docs are crap
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<p>Prologue</p>
<h2>Debugging Tool Basics</h2>
<a href="assets/css-training/sample-page.html" target="css-training">Sample page</a>
<aside class="notes">
- Inspect<br>
- Style pane<br>
- Calculated pane<br>
- Layout Pane<br>
- Grid Inspector
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<p>Part 1</p>
<h2 id="units-lengths">Units and Lengths</h2>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h3>Pixels</h3>
<pre class="language-css"><code class="language-css">1px
100px</code></pre>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 50%;"><code class="language-css">.box {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: deepskyblue;
}</code></pre>
<div style="padding: 1em">
<div style="width: 60px; height: 60px; background: deepskyblue;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;">.box</code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h4><code>1px</code> !== 1 pixel on the screen</h4>
<aside class="notes">
<em>Sarcasm:</em>What! Why! That's Dumb!
</aside>
</section>
<section data-transition="none" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="assets/css-training/tiny-phone-text.jpg" alt="" style="width: 60%" />
<aside class="notes">
Then all text on phones would have been tiny, they're wider than small monitors in pixels
</aside>
</section>
<section data-transition="none" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="assets/css-training/tiny-phone-text-2.jpg" alt="" style="width: 60%" />
<aside class="notes">
We'd all be doing this (picture of user with magnifying glass over the screen)
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h5><code>1px</code> = 1 pixel * ScreenDensity</h5>
<p>Screen pixel density usually ranges from:<br>
1x, 1.25x, 1.5x, 2x, or 4x</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h3>Percentage</h3>
<pre class="language-css"><code class="language-css">1%
33.333%
150%</code></pre>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 50%;"><code class="language-css">.parent {
border-color: gray;
border-style: dashed;
}
.box {
width: 50%;
background: deepskyblue;
}</code></pre>
<div>
<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 0; border: 0.0625em dashed gray; padding: 0.0625em;">
<div style="width: 50%; background: deepskyblue;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;">.box</code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
<a href="https://codepen.io/wesruv/pen/LYPwwKv?editors=1100">
Percentage ... of what?
</a>
</h3>
<aside class="notes">
Usually it's parent element's width, but check documentation when it doesn't do what you expect.
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Text Based Units</h3>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4><code>em</code></h4>
<div style="padding: 1em 0;">
<p>
<code>1em</code> = Calculated <code>font-size</code> of current element
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
This may be confusing for some of you, because it has <em>nothing</em> to do with the width of an "em dash".
Draw out calculation examples.
</aside>
<pre class="language-css"><code class="language-css">1em
1.25em
3em</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 50%;"><code class="language-css">.box {
width: 2em;
background: deepskyblue;
}
.box-2 {
font-size: 2em;
width: 2em;
background: palegreen;
}</code></pre>
<div style="padding: 1em;">
<div style="width: 2em; background: deepskyblue;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;">.box</code>
</div>
<div style="width: 2em; font-size: 2em; background: palegreen;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap;">.box-2</code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<aside class="notes">Before why, note that despite font size, bars line up</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<pre class="language-css"><code class="language-css">.box {
/* font-size: 16px; (default) */
width: 2em; /* 2em = 16px * 2 = 32px */
background: deepskyblue;
}
.box-2 {
font-size: 2em; /* 2em = 16px * 2 = 32px */
/* The 32px font-size will then change what
2em on the width means */
width: 2em; /* 2em = 32px * 2 = 64px */
background: palegreen;
}</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4><code>rem</code></h4>
<div style="padding: 1em 0;">
<p>
<code>1rem</code> = Calculated <code>font-size</code> of <code>html</code> element
</p>
</div>
<pre class="language-css"><code class="language-css">1rem
1.25rem
3rem</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
rem stands for Root em, so no matter where you are in the document, 1rem will come out the same<br>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 50%;"><code class="language-css">.box {
width: 2rem;
background: deepskyblue;
}
.box-2 {
font-size: 2rem;
width: 2rem;
background: palegreen;
}</code></pre>
<div style="padding: 1em;">
<div style="width: 2rem; background: deepskyblue;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;">.box</code>
</div>
<div style="width: 2rem; font-size: 2em; background: palegreen;">
<code style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap;">.box-2</code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
While you <em>can</em> change the font size of html, I recommend you don't and use body instead.<br>
I use rem instead of pixels, it prevents breakage if the browser has an increased font size
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4><code>ex</code> and <code>ch</code></h4>
<p>Based on the font that renders</p>
<div class="column-wrapper" style="padding-top: 1em">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 45%; margin-right: 5%"><code class="language-css">1ex
1.25ex
15ex</code></pre>
<p style="max-width: 75%;">
<code>1ex</code> = Calculated width of a lower-case <code>x</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="column-wrapper" style="padding-top: 1em">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 45%; margin-right: 5%"><code class="language-css">1ch
1.25ch
15ch</code></pre>
<p style="max-width: 75%; line-height: 1.6">
<code>1ch</code> = Calculated width of the number <code>0</code>
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<pre class="language-css" style="max-width: 50%;"><code class="language-css" style="font-size: 0.85em">.box {
font-family: monospace;
width: 20ex;
background: deepskyblue;
}
.box-2 {
font-family: sans-serif;
width: 20ex;
background: palegreen;
}</code></pre>
<div style="padding: 1em;">
<p>Monospace Font:</p>
<div style="width: 20ex; font-family: monospace; background: deepskyblue;">
<div style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0;">.box</div>
</div>
<div style="width: 20ex; font-family: sans-serif; background: palegreen;">
<div style="border: 0; background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap;">.box-2</div>
</div>
<p>Sans-Serif Font</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h3>Viewport Units</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4>What's a viewport?</h4>
<img src="assets/css-training/viewport-area.png" alt="Viewport Area, the size of the browser" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4 style="position: absolute;"><code>vw</code></h4>
<img src="assets/css-training/vw.png" style="width: 100%" alt="vw - percentage width of the browser window" />
</section>
<section>
<h5><code>25vw</code></h5>
<img src="assets/css-training/vw25.png" alt="25vw examples" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4 style="position: absolute;"><code>vh</code></h4>
<img src="assets/css-training/vh.png" style="width: 100%" alt="vh - percantage height of the browser window"/>
</section>
<section>
<h5><code>25vh</code></h5>
<img src="assets/css-training/vh25.png" alt="25vh examples" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4 style="position: absolute;"><code>vmin</code></h4>
<img src="assets/css-training/vmin.png" style="width: 100%" alt="vmin - percantage of the smallest dimension (height or width)"/>
</section>
<section>
<h5><code>25vmin</code></h5>
<img src="assets/css-training/vmin25.png" alt="25vmin examples" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h4 style="position: absolute;"><code>vmax</code></h4>
<img src="assets/css-training/vmax.png" style="width: 100%" alt="vmin - percantage of the largest dimension (height or width)"/>
</section>
<section>
<h5><code>25vmax</code></h5>
<img src="assets/css-training/vmax25.png" alt="25vmax examples" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<h3>Physical Units</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>mm</code> millimeter</li>
<li><code>cm</code> centimeter</li>
<li><code>in</code> inch</li>
<li><code>pt</code> point</li>
<li><code>pc</code> pica</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
These exist, and are most useful in print stylesheets, but I've never used them
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Units and Lengths</div>
<section>
<h3>Which unit should I use?</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Relative Units</h4>
<style>
.button[class][class] {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0.75em 1em;
margin: 0 1em 1em 0;
background: #225378;
color: #fff;
}
.button--px[class][class] {
padding: 17px 23px;
margin: 0 23px 23px 0;
}
</style>
<p>When size should be proportionate to the unit's basis</p>
<p><strong>Sized with em</strong></p>
<div style="font-size: 0.6em">
<a href="#" target="css-training" class="button">My button</a>
<a href="#" target="css-training" class="button" style="font-size: 2em;">Larger button</a>
</div>
<p><strong>Sized with px</strong></p>
<div style="font-size: 0.6em">
<a href="#" target="css-training" class="button button--px">My button</a>
<a href="#" target="css-training" class="button button--px" style="font-size: 2em;">Larger button</a>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Pixels</h4>
<p>A fallback, if you can't/shouldn't use a relative unit.</p>
<aside class="notes">
how you want to work that can be very often or the exception.
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Media Queries</h2>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Media Queries</div>
<section>
<h3>Media Queries</h3>
<p>Special styles for specific circumstances</p>
<pre class="language-css"><code>@media /* Conditions */ {
/* CSS Rules */
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Ask questions about the end user's browser
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Which Medium?</h3>
<pre class="language-css"><code>@media screen { /* Computer Display CSS Rules */ }
@media print { /* Print CSS Rules */ }</code></pre>
<p><small>Fun fact: <br><code>speech</code>, <code>braille</code>, <code>embossed</code> (braille printers), <br><code>tty</code> (like command line), <code>tv</code> also exist.</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What Size?</h3>
<pre class="language-css"><code>@media (min-width: 768px) {
/* CSS Rules */
}
@media (min-width: 48em) and (min-height: 30em) {
/* CSS Rules */
}
@media (max-height: 500px) {
/* CSS Rules */
}</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Media Queries</div>
<section>
<h3><code>@media</code> Best Practices</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Mobile First <code>@media</code> queries</h4>
<p style="font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.8;">Write <code>min-width</code> and <code>min-height</code>,<br><br>
<strong>not</strong> <code>max-width</code> or <code>max-height</code></p>
</section>
<section>
<pre class="language-css"><code style="font-size: 0.85em">.box {
/* Mobile CSS */
}
@media (min-width: 48em) {
.box {
/* Decent size screen styles */
}
}
@media (min-width: 62em) {
.box {
/* Huge screen styles */
}
}
</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Don't write max-width/height, larger screen styles will override smaller screen styles<br>
Don't have to work mobile first, just have to end up with mobile first code.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Group all styles for an element</h4>
<pre class="language-css"><code style="font-size: 0.9em">/* Widget Styles */
.widget { }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.widget { }
}
/* Doo Dad Styles */
.doo-dad { }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.doo-dad { }
}
</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
<p>Separating styles by media query gets confusing and hard to maintain, group styles by what element.</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Only be as specific as necessary</h4>
<pre class="language-css"><code style="font-size: 0.9em">
@media (min-width: 768px) and screen {
/* Is screen necessary, do we want to exclude print? */
.widget { }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) and (min-height: 768px) {
/* Is height necessary, should 750px tall screens be excluded? */
.widget { }
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Media queries should be based on content, not devices</h4>
<ul>
<li>Are columns squished?</li>
<li>Line lengths too long or short?</li>
<li>Images need to be bigger?</li>
</ul>
<p>Devices can be a decent guide.<br>Test from 300px - 1600px wide.</p>
</section>
<section style="text-align: center;">
<img style="border: 0.25em solid #ccc;" src="assets/css-training/long-lined-content.png" alt="Bootstrap.com between mobile and tablet has long line lengths making it harder to read" width="50%" />
<aside class="notes">
GetBootstrap.com - Between mobile and tablet - long line lengths
</aside>
</section>
<section style="text-align: center;">
<p style="font-size: 0.75em">This screenshot is faked</p>
<img style="border: 0.25em solid #ccc;" src="assets/css-training/squished-column-content.png" alt="Bootstrap.com faked example of when columns might be too constrained" />
<aside class="notes">
GetBootstrap.com - Faked example where I'd adjust media queries
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section><h1>CSS Layout post CSS Grid & Flexbox</h1></section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Document Flow & You</h2>
<aside class="notes">
Going to try and explain the intention behind CSS<br>
I'm going to take small liberties and make up some terms.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="assets/css-training/webpage.png" class="block-centered" style="width: 70%" alt="Mock up of an article page" />
<aside class="notes">
Document flow is how elements want to layout on the page, given their styles.<br>
See text flow<br>
See floated image
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="assets/css-training/document-flow.png" class="block-centered" style="width: 80%" alt="Mock up of an article page" />
<aside class="notes">
This is DF<br>
They're cool<br>
Want you to be able to see all the content<br>
Read all the text<br>
Tries not to let things overlap<br>
Doesn't dig pixel perfection much<br>
Don't be mean to document flow, respecting DF pays off.
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="assets/css-training/document-flow-bg.png" data-background-size="100% auto" data-background-position="left top">
<h3>Text Flow</h3>
<ul>
<li>How text behaves and tags like <code><strong></code> & <code><em></code></li>
<li>Inline* elements mimic text flow</li>
<li>White space matters* (*up to one space!)</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
With no CSS, HTML will fall back to a textual flow<br>
Doesn’t care about widths, heights, margins, padding, etc
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="assets/css-training/document-flow-bg.png" data-background-size="100% auto" data-background-position="left top">
<h3>Layout Flow</h3>
<ul>
<li>White space agnostic</li>
<li>Properties like:<ul>
<li>Grid</li>
<li>Flexbox</li>
<li>Table</li>
<li>Columns</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
Composing major parts of doc<br>
The large squares/rectangles that the web is good at
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="assets/css-training/webpage.png" class="block-centered" style="width: 70%" alt="Mock up of an article page" />
<aside class="notes">
Content area might be flexbox (Layout flow), but inside of the left column we go back to text flow
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="assets/css-training/pos-absolute.png" class="block-centered" style="width: 80%" alt="Mock up of an article page" />
<aside class="notes">
This angry fellow represents properties that break/mess with document flow<br>
It's not wrong to break document flow, it is gutsy<br>
He'll do exactly what you say, even when it doesn't make sense<br>
Lose the safeguards of document flow that made sure content is legible<br>
He's been grumpy about all these new-fangled screen sizes<br>
Test your CSS on many screen sizes, px densities, and browsers when you bring out this guy<br>
</aside>
</section>
<section align="left" data-background="assets/css-training/pos-absolute-bg.png" data-background-size="100% auto" data-background-position="left top">
<h3>Document Flow Breakers:</h3>
<div class="section-indicator">Document Flow</div>
<p><code>position: absolute, fixed, sticky</code></p>
<aside class="notes">
These will behave very rigidly and can cause overlap or bugs on differently sized screens.<br>
Position fixed is particularly grumpy about smaller sized screens and zooming
</aside>
</section>
<section align="left" data-background="assets/css-training/pos-absolute-bg.png" data-background-size="100% auto" data-background-position="left top">
<h3>Mess with Document Flow</h3>
<ul>
<li style="line-height: 1.8"><code>position: relative</code><br>
(when <code>top, right, bottom</code> or <code>left</code> are set)</li>
<li><code>transform</code></li>
<li>negative <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code></li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
These can cause overlap and can get a little weird
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="assets/css-training/webpage-modal.png" class="block-centered" style="width: 80%" alt="Mock up of an article page" />
<aside class="notes">
To get a modal like this, you have to break document flow<br>
But notice inside of it, we're back to regular document flow
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h3>TL:Didn't think your cartoons were funny</h3>
<ul>
<li>Breaking the flow can cause complicated, hard to solve problems.</li>
<li>Try to use Flow-friendly tools first.</li>
<li>If you enjoy sanity, the large majority of the elements on the page should be flow-friendly.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Layout 101 in Post-CSS Grid</h2>
<aside class="notes">
We're going to start from the outside out.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<section><h3>Floats</h3></section>
<section>
<h4>Don't use them for layout anymore*!</h4>
<p class="small" style="margin-top: 6em;">* Except for fallbacks or if you <b>know</b> better options aren't wise<br> based on your user stats.</p>
<aside class="notes">
If you can, avoid learning floats for layout, it'll go out of fashion fast<br>
They were <b>literally</b> never intended to be used for layout, we've been using CSS hacks for over a decade.
</aside>
</section>
<section align="left">
<img src="assets/css-training/document-flow.png" alt="Document flow cartoon character" style="width: 25%; float: right;" />
<h4>Are floats still good for something?</h4>
<p style="font-size: 0.75em;">Floats are great for floating elements next to a bunch of text so it will wrap. </p>
<p style="font-size: 0.5em; opacity: 0.4">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un blitz and chips; dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un blitz and chips; dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill.</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.5em; opacity: 0.4">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un blitz and chips; dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, wakka un flurb dolla dolla bill.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<div class="section-indicator">Terminology</div>
<section>
<h3>CSS Grid</h3>
<p>Basics and terminology</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4>CSS Grid</h4>
<p>Great at 2 dimensional, custom, and large scale layouts</p>
<ul>
<li>Define amount of rows and columns</li>
<li>Define constraints for rows and columns</li>
<li>Constraints can be rigid, flexible, or content based</li>
</ul>
<style>
.grid-example-wrapper {
position: relative;
transform: scale(0.9);
}
.grid-example {
position: relative;
display: grid;
width: 100%;
height: 14em;
grid-template: 1fr 1fr 1fr / 1fr 1fr 1fr;
border: 0.125em dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.grid-example > * {
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.grid-example-wrapper:before,
.grid-example-wrapper:after,
.grid-example:before,
.grid-example:after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 33.333%;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
display: block;
width: 0;
border-left: 0.125em dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
.grid-example-wrapper:before {
left: 66.667%;
}
.grid-example-wrapper:after,
.grid-example:after {
top: 33.333%;
left: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: auto;
width: auto;
height: 0;
border-top: 0.125em dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
border-left: 0;
}
.grid-example-wrapper:after {
top: 66%;
}
.grid-example-wrapper:before,
.grid-example-wrapper:after,
.grid-example:before,
.grid-example:after {
border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
</style>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Grid Container</h4>
<p>Element surrounding the grid.</p>
<div class="grid-example-wrapper">
<div class="grid-example" style="border: 0.25em solid #3372a1"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Grid Item</h4>
<p>Direct child element of a grid container</p>
<div class="grid-example-wrapper">
<div class="grid-example" style="font-weight: bold;">
<div style="
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: 2;
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: 2;
background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3);
border: 0.125em solid rgba(150, 100, 0, 0.8);
color: #664400;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;">
Grid Item
</div>
<div style="
grid-row-start: 2;
grid-row-end: 4;
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: 2;
background: rgba(0, 170, 255, 0.3);
color: #005;
border: 0.125em solid rgba(0, 170, 255, 0.5);
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;">
Grid Item
</div>
<div style="
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: 3;
grid-column-start: 2;
grid-column-end: 4;
background: rgba(250, 100, 100, 0.3);
color: #900;
border: 0.125em solid rgba(250, 100, 100, 0.5);
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;">
Grid Item
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Grid Line</h4>
<p>Any line in the grid</p>
<div class="grid-example-wrapper grid-example-wrapper--bold-gaps">
<div class="grid-example" style="font-weight: bold;">
<div style="
align-self: center;
text-align: center;
line-height: 1.6;
margin-top: -0.25em;
">↑<br>
← Grid Lines →<br>
↓
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Beginning with Grid</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Basic syntax</h4>
<pre class="language-css" style="font-size: 1em"><code class="language-css">.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 25% 50% 25%;