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*~ | ||
*.aux | ||
*.fdb_latexmk | ||
*.sw? | ||
*.gz | ||
.DS_Store | ||
/*.bak | ||
/*.bbl | ||
/*.blg | ||
/*.dvi | ||
/*.fls | ||
/*.log | ||
/*.out | ||
/*.toc | ||
/rev.tex | ||
/abstract.txt | ||
/code/*.tex | ||
!/code/fmt.tex | ||
!/figs/*.pdf | ||
!/figs/*.eps | ||
!/data/*.pdf | ||
!/data/*.eps | ||
.latexrun.db |
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MAIN ?= p | ||
DIFF ?= HEAD^ | ||
CODE := $(addsuffix .tex,$(filter-out %.tex,$(wildcard code/*))) | ||
FIGS := $(patsubst %.svg,%.pdf,$(wildcard fig/*.svg)) | ||
PLOT := $(patsubst %.gp,%.tex,$(wildcard data/*.gp)) | ||
DEPS := $(CODE) $(FIGS) $(PLOT) | ||
BTEX := --bibtex-args="-min-crossrefs=99" | ||
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all: $(DEPS) | ||
@TEXINPUTS="sty:" bin/latexrun $(BTEX) $(MAIN) | ||
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submit: $(DEPS) | ||
@for f in $(wildcard submit-*.tex); do \ | ||
TEXINPUTS="sty:" bin/latexrun $$f; \ | ||
done | ||
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diff: $(DEPS) | ||
@bin/diff.sh $(DIFF) | ||
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help: | ||
echo "..." | ||
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rev.tex: FORCE | ||
@printf '\\gdef\\therev{%s}\n\\gdef\\thedate{%s}\n' \ | ||
"$(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)" \ | ||
"$(shell git log -1 --format='%ci' HEAD)" > $@ | ||
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code/%.tex: code/% | ||
pygmentize -P tabsize=4 -P mathescape -f latex $^ > $@ | ||
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code/fmt.tex: | ||
pygmentize -f latex -S default > $@ | ||
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fig/%.pdf: fig/%.svg | ||
inkscape --without-gui -f $^ -D -A $@ | ||
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data/%.tex: data/%.gp | ||
gnuplot $^ | ||
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draft: $(DEPS) | ||
echo -e '\\newcommand*{\\DRAFT}{}' >> rev.tex | ||
@TEXINPUTS="sty:" bin/latexrun $(BTEX) $(MAIN) | ||
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watermark: $(DEPS) | ||
echo -e '\\usepackage[firstpage]{draftwatermark}' >> rev.tex | ||
@TEXINPUTS="sty:" bin/latexrun $(BTEX) $(MAIN) | ||
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spell: | ||
@for i in *.tex fig/*.tex; do bin/aspell.sh $$i; done | ||
@for i in *.tex; do bin/double.pl $$i; done | ||
@for i in *.tex; do bin/abbrv.pl $$i; done | ||
@bin/hyphens.sh *.tex | ||
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clean: | ||
@bin/latexrun --clean | ||
rm -f abstract.txt | ||
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distclean: clean | ||
rm -f code/*.tex | ||
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init: | ||
rm -f {code,fig,data}/ex-* | ||
perl -pi -e 's/^\\input{ex}/% \\input{ex}/g' $(MAIN).tex | ||
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SYS := $(shell sed -n -e 's/\\newcommand{\\sys}{\\mbox{\\textsc{\([^}]*\)}.*/\1/p' $(MAIN).tex) | ||
abstract.txt: abstract.tex | ||
@cat $< \ | ||
| grep -v '{abstract}' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/\\emph//g' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/{//g' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/}//g' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/---/ -- /g' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/~/ /g' \ | ||
| sed -e 's/\\sys/${SYS}/g' \ | ||
| fmt -w72 > $@ | ||
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.PHONY: all help FORCE draft clean spell distclean init |
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# KAIST Thesis Template | ||
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## Usage | ||
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1. clone the git repo: | ||
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``` | ||
$ git clone [email protected]:0xdkay/kaist-thesis-template.git | ||
``` | ||
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2. build it: | ||
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``` sh | ||
$ make | ||
``` | ||
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(check p.pdf) | ||
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3. starting point, p.tex: | ||
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``` | ||
$ grep -oP 'input{\K\w+' p.tex | ||
macro | ||
abstract | ||
intro | ||
back | ||
anal | ||
accounting | ||
attack | ||
cm | ||
related | ||
concl | ||
summary | ||
ack | ||
cv | ||
``` | ||
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## Special Thanks | ||
Original format: | ||
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``` | ||
https://github.com/tsgates/die | ||
``` |
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\begin{abstract} | ||
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is becoming the dominant cellular networking | ||
technology, shifting the cellular network away from its circuit-switched legacy | ||
towards a packet-switched network that resembles the Internet. To support voice | ||
calls over the LTE network, operators have introduced Voice-over-LTE (VoLTE), | ||
which dramatically changes how voice calls are handled, both from user equipment | ||
and infrastructure perspectives. We find that this dramatic shift opens up a | ||
number of new attack surfaces that have not been previously explored. To call | ||
attention to this matter, this paper presents a systematic security analysis. | ||
\\ | ||
\\ | ||
\\ | ||
\keywords{VoLTE, Accounting, Security, Cellular Networks} | ||
\end{abstract} |
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\chapter{Exploiting Hidden Data Channels} | ||
\label{sec:accounting} | ||
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From the analysis of the accounting policy and VoLTE call flow in |
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\acknowledgement[korean] | ||
이 연구를 수행하기까지 많은 분들의 도움을 받았습니다. 우리 시스템보안 연구실의 | ||
모든 분들이 도움을 주셨기에 좋은 연구를 진행할 수 있었습니다. 전체적인 연구의 | ||
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|
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\chapter{Empirical Analysis of VoLTE Services} | ||
\label{sec:anal} | ||
In this section, we describe our empirical security analysis | ||
on the current implementation of \vt services by commercial, | ||
deployed mobile cellular network operators. | ||
|
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personal_ws-1.1 en 98 | ||
AES | ||
AUTN | ||
CP | ||
CSCF | ||
CSFB | ||
DIAG | ||
DK | ||
DNS | ||
DPI | ||
DSP | ||
Delugre | ||
DoS | ||
EPS | ||
Enck | ||
Extractocol | ||
Freewave | ||
Fuction | ||
GPP | ||
GSM | ||
GW | ||
IMEI | ||
IMS | ||
IP | ||
IPSec | ||
IPsec | ||
IPv | ||
ISPs | ||
Innowireless | ||
Kbps | ||
LTE | ||
LimeGreen | ||
MSC | ||
MTU | ||
Mbps | ||
Mis | ||
Mobilestation | ||
NodeB | ||
OPTis | ||
Overbilling | ||
PDN | ||
PRACK | ||
PSTN | ||
Param | ||
Peng | ||
QCI | ||
Qian | ||
QoS | ||
Qos | ||
QualComm's | ||
RIL | ||
RTP | ||
SIM | ||
SMS | ||
Skypemorph | ||
TCP | ||
TK | ||
TLS | ||
TODO | ||
TrustZone | ||
UDP | ||
UE | ||
UE's | ||
UEs | ||
UMTS | ||
VoIP | ||
VoLTE | ||
YJ | ||
YK | ||
ack | ||
al | ||
anonymized | ||
basicstyle | ||
behaviros | ||
blackbox | ||
botnet | ||
callee | ||
callee's | ||
centric | ||
credentiality | ||
eNodeB | ||
et | ||
furthemore | ||
infeasible | ||
mis | ||
moredelim | ||
overbilling | ||
plaintext | ||
retransmission | ||
sRTP | ||
sep | ||
smartphone | ||
smartphones | ||
steganography | ||
texting | ||
timestamp | ||
versa | ||
xsep | ||
ysep |
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% 5. attack | ||
\chapter{Exploiting VoLTE Mis-implementation} | ||
\label{sec:attack} | ||
|
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% 2 Background | ||
\chapter{VoLTE Overview} | ||
\label{sec:back} | ||
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\section{LTE Network Infrastructure} | ||
\label{sec:cellular} | ||
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A cellular network comprises two architectural components: an access | ||
network that the UE connects to, and a core network that supports its | ||
cellular infrastructure. | ||
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\section{VoLTE Service} | ||
\label{sec:volte_network} | ||
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\vt service is introduced to deliver voice calls | ||
over the packet-switching based LTE network. | ||
The service utilizes an IMS network based on SIP, | ||
similar to VoIP service over the LTE network. | ||
To establish a voice call, a UE | ||
follows standard procedures as depicted in~\autoref{fig:volte_procedure}. | ||
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\begin{figure}[h] | ||
\centering | ||
\includegraphics[width=130mm]{images/volte_procedure4} | ||
\caption{Overview of packet-switching and IMS protocols in \vt; registration and call setup | ||
between a UE and a LTE network.} | ||
\label{fig:volte_procedure} | ||
\end{figure} | ||
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\section{VoLTE Signaling Protocol} | ||
\label{sec:signal_protocol} | ||
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\PP{Call Signaling.} | ||
If the user accepts the call at UE-B, it sends an {\tt OK (200)} | ||
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\PP{Call Management in the UE.} | ||
speaker and a microphone. Upon receiving voice traffic from a radio | ||
channel, the CP processes the voice packets and forwards only audio data to | ||
the AP, which lessens the computational burden of the AP. | ||
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#!/usr/bin/perl | ||
# Detects potential abbreviations at the end of a sentence. | ||
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while (<>) { | ||
s/%.*//; | ||
next unless s/([A-Z]+\.)/\e[7m$1\e[m/g; | ||
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s/^([^\e]*\n)+//mg; | ||
s/^/$ARGV: /mg; | ||
print; | ||
} |
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#!/bin/bash | ||
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DIC=$(dirname "$0")/../aspell.words | ||
TEX=$1 | ||
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# p: skip a param | ||
# P: don't skip a param | ||
# o: skip an optional param | ||
# O: don't skip an optional param | ||
TEXCMD=(--add-tex-command="autoref p" | ||
--add-tex-command='begin pop' | ||
--add-tex-command='bibliography p' | ||
--add-tex-command='bibliographystyle p' | ||
--add-tex-command='cc p' | ||
--add-tex-command='citeauthor p' | ||
--add-tex-command='color p' | ||
--add-tex-command='definecolor ppp' | ||
--add-tex-command='eqref p' | ||
--add-tex-command='fvset p' | ||
--add-tex-command='hypersetup p' | ||
--add-tex-command='lstset p' | ||
--add-tex-command='mathit p' | ||
--add-tex-command='mathrm p' | ||
--add-tex-command='includeplot p' | ||
--add-tex-command='includepdf p' | ||
--add-tex-command='therev p' | ||
--add-tex-command='newcommand pp' | ||
--add-tex-command='renewcommand pp' | ||
--add-tex-command='usetikzlibrary p' | ||
--add-tex-command='DeclareMathOperator pp' | ||
--add-tex-command='VerbatimInput p' | ||
--add-tex-command='includefig pp') | ||
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touch $DIC | ||
aspell --lang en -x --mode=tex "${TEXCMD[@]}" -p $(pwd)/$DIC -c $TEX | ||
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VER=$(head -1 $DIC) | ||
tail -n +2 $DIC | LC_ALL=C sort > $DIC~ | ||
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echo $VER > $DIC | ||
cat $DIC~ >> $DIC |
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