Add support for encoding and decoding smaller int types #1557

Job	Run time
Merge test 1 - Twister (Windows) (mps2/an521/cpu0 - build only)	6m 42s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (native_sim)	3m 29s
Merge tests 2 - Python (latest) functional tests (Windows)	1m 45s
Merge tests 2 - Python (3.9) functional tests (Ubuntu)	42s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (native_sim with asserts)	3m 22s
Merge tests 3 - Check repo files (Ubuntu)	21s
Merge tests 2 - Python (3.10) functional tests (Ubuntu)	46s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (native_sim/native/64)	3m 34s
Merge tests 2 - Python (3.11) functional tests (Ubuntu)	39s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (native_sim/native/64 with asserts)	3m 20s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (mps2/an521/cpu0)	4m 7s
Merge test 1 - Twister (Ubuntu) (mps2/an521/cpu0 with asserts)	4m 21s
Merge tests 2 - Python (3.12) functional tests (Ubuntu)	46s
Merge tests 2 - Python (3.13) functional tests (Ubuntu)	44s
Release tests 4 (Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}${{ (((matrix.asserts != '') && ' with asserts') \|\| '') }})	0s
Release tests 3 (Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}${{ (((matrix.asserts != '') && ' with asserts') \|\| '') }})	0s
Release tests 1 - Check versions	0s
Release tests 2 - Fuzz	0s
	34m 38s

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