Poll Application made using Django

Helper.md

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+Glossary: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/glossary/#term-project

README.md

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+Tutorials:
+
+Documentation:
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/
+
+Where to Go:
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/intro/whatsnext/
+
+Index:
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/contents/

manage.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

mysite/asgi.py

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+"""
+ASGI config for mysite project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
+
+application = get_asgi_application()

mysite/settings.py

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+"""
+Django settings for mysite project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
+BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-5cm$3^p=5_zpj2$v#dpt$%j77lm)896v#3()sy&xd#6$%yzi!6'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [ # apps in django are pluggable
+
+    'django.contrib.admin', # admin site
+    'django.contrib.auth', # authentication
+    'django.contrib.contenttypes', # framework for content types
+    'django.contrib.sessions', # session framework
+    'django.contrib.messages', # messages framework
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles', # static files management framework
+
+    'polls.apps.PollsConfig', # polls app
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' # where to look for urls
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
+        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],
+        'APP_DIRS': True,
+        'OPTIONS': {
+            'context_processors': [
+                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
+                'django.template.context_processors.request',
+                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
+                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
+    }
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = 'static/'
+
+# Default primary key field type
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

mysite/templates/admin/base_site.html

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+{% extends "admin/base.html" %}
+
+{% block title %}{% if subtitle %}{{ subtitle }} | {% endif %}{{ title }} | {{ site_title|default:_('Django Site Administrator') }}{% endblock %}
+
+{% block branding %}
+<h1 id="site-name"><a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}">Polls Administrator</a></h1>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}

mysite/urls.py

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+"""mysite URL Configuration
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path, include # unclude() is used to include another URLconf
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),    # pointing the root url conf at the polls.urls
+    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+]
+
+# path( route, view, kwargs, name )

mysite/wsgi.py

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+"""
+WSGI config for mysite project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()

polls/admin.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+
+# Register your models here.
+
+# Adding Questions:
+
+from .models import Question
+
+# M1
+# # admin.site.register(Question)
+
+# M2
+# class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+#     fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']
+
+# admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
+
+# M3
+# Splitting the two field choices
+# class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+#     fieldsets = [
+#         (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
+#         ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
+#     ]
+
+# admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
+
+# Adding Choices:
+
+# M1
+from .models import Choice
+# admin.site.register(Choice)
+
+# M2
+class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline): # TabularInline uses less space on screen
+#class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
+    model = Choice
+    extra = 3
+
+
+class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    fieldsets = [
+        (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
+        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
+    ]
+    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
+
+    list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
+
+    list_filter = ['pub_date']
+
+    search_fields = ['question_text']
+
+admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

polls/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class PollsConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = 'polls'

polls/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-03-03 10:52
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.db.models.deletion
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Question',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('question_text', models.CharField(max_length=200)),
+                ('pub_date', models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='date published')),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Choice',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('choice_text', models.CharField(max_length=200)),
+                ('votes', models.IntegerField(default=0)),
+                ('question', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='polls.question')),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

polls/models.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
+import datetime
+
+# Create your models here.
+
+
+class Question(models.Model):
+    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
+
+    def __str__(self):  # called when print() or str() is invoked on the object;
+        return self.question_text # without _str_() it would return the object's memory address by _repr_()
+
+
+    @admin.display(
+        boolean=True,
+        ordering='pub_date',
+        description='Published recently?',
+    )
+    def was_published_recently(self):
+        now = timezone.now()
+        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
+
+class Choice(models.Model):
+    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
+
+    def __str__(self):  # self is the analogue to this in C++
+        return self.choice_text

polls/static/polls/style.css

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+li a {
+    color: green;
+}
+
+body {
+    background: white url("images/background.gif") no-repeat;
+}

polls/templates/polls/detail.html

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+<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
+    {% csrf_token %}
+    <fieldset>
+        <legend><h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1></legend>
+        {% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
+        {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
+            <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">
+            <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br>
+        {% endfor %}
+    </fieldset>
+    <input type="submit" value="Vote">
+    </form>