[BugFix] Fix dynamic partition table unexpectly stop scheduling (backport #45235)

[mergify]

Periodically re-collect all the schedulable tables and put them into scheduling.
Also refactor some code and add more logging to make it easier to debug problems.

Fixes SR-27131

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • 3.3
  • 3.2
  • 3.1
  • 3.0
  • 2.5

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #45235 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com). Periodically re-collect all the schedulable tables and put them into scheduling. Also refactor some code and add more logging to make it easier to debug problems.

Fixes SR-27131

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 5ef58ac has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/branch-2.5/pr-45313
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/branch-2.5'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 5ef58ac7d6.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/Database.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/DynamicPartitionProperty.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/OlapTable.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/common/proc/CurrentQueryBackendInstanceProcDir.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/qe/ShowExecutor.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/ast/ShowDynamicPartitionStmt.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/test/java/com/starrocks/alter/AlterTest.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/test/java/com/starrocks/alter/SchemaChangeJobV2Test.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/test/java/com/starrocks/catalog/TablePropertyTest.java

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/clone/DynamicPartitionScheduler.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/common/util/DynamicPartitionUtil.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/server/LocalMetastore.java

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[CLAassistant]

Thank you for your submission! We really appreciate it. Like many open source projects, we ask that you all sign our Contributor License Agreement before we can accept your contribution.
1 out of 2 committers have signed the CLA.

✅ nshangyiming
❌ mergify[bot]
_{You have signed the CLA already but the status is still pending? Let us recheck it.}

[mergify]

@mergify[bot]: Backport conflict, please reslove the conflict and resubmit the pr

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
3 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
1.3% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud