Update crypto_algorithms.md

[santosomar]

This pull request includes significant updates to the crypto/crypto_algorithms.md file, focusing on providing a clearer and more current overview of cryptographic standards and their quantum resistance. The most important changes include restructuring the document to categorize algorithms by their type and status, updating the information on post-quantum readiness, and removing outdated descriptions.

Updates to cryptographic standards and quantum resistance:

• Restructured the document to categorize algorithms into sections: Public Key Encryption & Key Exchange, Digital Signatures, and Symmetric Algorithms. This provides a clearer organization of the information.
• Updated the status and post-quantum readiness of various algorithms based on recent NIST announcements and research. This includes adding new algorithms such as ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) and SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+).
• Removed outdated descriptions of individual algorithms and replaced them with updated tables that summarize the current status and quantum resistance of each algorithm.
• Added a section on future standards, listing additional post-quantum algorithms that are in development or have been selected, such as FIPS 204 (Dilithium) and FALCON.
• Included a note on the quantum resistance of symmetric algorithms, indicating that they are considered quantum-resistant when using sufficiently large key