ci: Upgrade to Flutter v3.27.x, support ubuntu-24.04 runner #1042

Job	Run time
call-min-flutter-test / ios-16	3m 37s
call-min-flutter-test / web	2m 22s
call-min-flutter-test / android	2m 23s
call-min-flutter-test / test	2m 11s
call-min-flutter-test / ios-17	2m 34s
call-min-flutter-test / linux	2m 24s
call-min-flutter-test / macos-13	2m 24s
call-min-flutter-test / macos-14	0s
call-min-flutter-test / windows	2m 15s
call-test / ios-16	2m 22s
call-test / test	2m 17s
call-test / web	2m 21s
call-test / android	2m 21s
call-test / ios-17	2m 46s
call-test / linux	2m 21s
call-test / macos-13	1s
call-test / macos-14	0s
call-test / windows	2m 10s
	36m 49s

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