Upgrade google.golang.org/protobuf/proto and buf to latest

[mfridman]

This PR bumps the following deps to their latest versions:

• buf -> v1.41.0
• google.golang.org/protobuf/proto -> v1.34.3-0.20240906163944-03df6c145d96

The bufbuild/buf repository depends on a non-released version, which leads to conflicting versions due to makego's pin. For example,

go get  github.com/bufbuild/buf@main google.golang.org/[email protected] google.golang.org/protobuf/[email protected] connectrpc.com/[email protected]
go: for module google.golang.org/protobuf, google.golang.org/protobuf/[email protected] conflicts with google.golang.org/[email protected]
make: *** [upgradegodeps] Error 1

[bufdev]

No need for reviews on makego for rep updates