[cherry-pick][CDAP-21118] Task workers should communicate with Spanner Messaging Service only via App fabric

cdap-app-fabric-tests/src/test/java/io/cdap/cdap/internal/app/runtime/distributed/DistributedWorkflowProgramRunnerTest.java

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.DefaultAppConfigurer;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.DefaultApplicationContext;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AppFabricServiceRuntimeModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AppFabricServiceRuntimeModule.ServiceType;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AuthorizationModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.ProgramRunnerRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.TwillModule;
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.app.runtime.SimpleProgramOptions;
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.app.runtime.SystemArguments;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.LocalLogAppenderModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsStoreModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.operations.guice.OperationalStatsModule;
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.guice.SecureStoreServerModule;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.twill.api.Configs;
@@ -284,7 +282,7 @@ private static ProgramRunnerFactory createProgramRunnerFactory(CConfiguration cC
         new DataSetsModules().getDistributedModules(),
         new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules(),
         new MetricsStoreModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new AuditModule(),
         CoreSecurityRuntimeModule.getDistributedModule(cConf),
         new AuthenticationContextModules().getNoOpModule(),

cdap-app-fabric/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/app/guice/AppFabricServiceRuntimeModule.java

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.CConfiguration;
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.Constants;
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.Constants.AppFabric;
+import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.Constants.MessagingSystem;
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.Constants.Service;
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.feature.DefaultFeatureFlagsProvider;
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.guice.RemoteAuthenticatorModules;
@@ -149,6 +150,9 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.tethering.TetheringClientHandler;
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.tethering.TetheringHandler;
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.tethering.TetheringServerHandler;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.FetchHandler;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.MetadataHandler;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.StoreHandler;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.LocalPreferencesFetcherInternal;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.PreferencesFetcher;
 import io.cdap.cdap.pipeline.PipelineFactory;
@@ -532,6 +536,14 @@ protected void configure() {
         handlerBinder.addBinding().to(ProgramLifecycleHttpHandlerInternal.class);
         handlerBinder.addBinding().to(WorkflowHttpHandler.class);
 
+        if (!cConf.getBoolean(MessagingSystem.MESSAGING_SERVICE_ENABLED)) {
+          // Add these handlers only if messaging service endpoint doesn't exist and task workers need to
+          // communicate with messaging service via AppFabric.
+          handlerBinder.addBinding().to(MetadataHandler.class);
+          handlerBinder.addBinding().to(StoreHandler.class);
+          handlerBinder.addBinding().to(FetchHandler.class);
+        }
+
         FeatureFlagsProvider featureFlagsProvider = new DefaultFeatureFlagsProvider(cConf);
         if (Feature.NAMESPACED_SERVICE_ACCOUNTS.isEnabled(featureFlagsProvider)) {
           handlerBinder.addBinding().to(GcpWorkloadIdentityHttpHandler.class);

cdap-app-fabric/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/app/guice/DistributedProgramContainerModule.java

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.TMSLogAppenderModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.environment.MasterEnvironments;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironment;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.client.ClientMessagingService;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.client.DefaultClientMessagingService;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingServiceModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.MetadataReaderWriterModules;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.PreferencesFetcher;
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ private Module getMessagingModules() {
       return new MessagingServiceModule(cConf);
     }
 
-    return new MessagingClientModule();
+    return new DefaultMessagingClientModule();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ public ProgramStatePublisher get() {
           internalAuthenticator);
 
       return new MessagingProgramStatePublisher(cConf,
-          new ClientMessagingService(cConf, remoteClientFactory));
+          new DefaultClientMessagingService(cConf, remoteClientFactory));
     }
   }
 }

cdap-app-fabric/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/app/preview/PreviewManagerModule.java

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 import com.google.inject.multibindings.Multibinder;
 import com.google.inject.name.Names;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.store.preview.PreviewStore;
+import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.CConfiguration;
+import io.cdap.cdap.common.conf.Constants.MessagingSystem;
 import io.cdap.cdap.data.runtime.DataSetsModules;
 import io.cdap.cdap.data2.datafabric.dataset.RemoteDatasetFramework;
 import io.cdap.cdap.data2.dataset2.DatasetDefinitionRegistryFactory;
@@ -37,6 +39,9 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.app.preview.PreviewDataCleanupService;
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.app.preview.PreviewRunStopper;
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.app.store.preview.DefaultPreviewStore;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.FetchHandler;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.MetadataHandler;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.server.StoreHandler;
 import io.cdap.http.HttpHandler;
 
 /**
@@ -46,7 +51,10 @@ public class PreviewManagerModule extends PrivateModule {
 
   private final boolean distributedRunner;
 
-  public PreviewManagerModule(boolean distributedRunner) {
+  private final CConfiguration cConf;
+
+  public PreviewManagerModule(CConfiguration cConf, boolean distributedRunner) {
+    this.cConf = cConf;
     this.distributedRunner = distributedRunner;
   }
 
@@ -76,6 +84,15 @@ protected void configure() {
     handlerBinder.addBinding().to(PreviewHttpHandler.class);
     handlerBinder.addBinding().to(PreviewErrorClassificationHttpHandler.class);
     handlerBinder.addBinding().to(PreviewHttpHandlerInternal.class);
+
+    if (!cConf.getBoolean(MessagingSystem.MESSAGING_SERVICE_ENABLED)) {
+      // Add these handlers only if messaging service endpoint doesn't exist and preview runners need to
+      // communicate with messaging service via preview manager.
+      handlerBinder.addBinding().to(MetadataHandler.class);
+      handlerBinder.addBinding().to(StoreHandler.class);
+      handlerBinder.addBinding().to(FetchHandler.class);
+    }
+
     CommonHandlers.add(handlerBinder);
 
     bind(PreviewHttpServer.class);

cdap-app-fabric/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/internal/app/preview/PreviewRunnerTwillRunnable.java

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.environment.MasterEnvironments;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironment;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.twill.ExtendedTwillContext;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingServiceModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.PreviewRunnerMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.NamespaceId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.authorization.AuthorizationEnforcementModule;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ protected void configure() {
     }
 
     modules.add(new PreviewRunnerManagerModule().getDistributedModules());
-    modules.add(new MessagingServiceModule(cConf));
+    modules.add(new PreviewRunnerMessagingClientModule(cConf));
     modules.add(new SecureStoreClientModule());
     // Needed for InMemoryProgramRunnerModule. We use local metadata reader/publisher to avoid conflicting with
     // metadata stored in AppFabric.

cdap-app-fabric/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/internal/app/worker/TaskWorkerTwillRunnable.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.RemoteLogAppenderModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.environment.MasterEnvironments;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironment;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingServiceModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.TaskWorkerMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.NamespaceId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static Injector createInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf) {
     modules.add(new IOModule());
     modules.add(new AuthenticationContextModules().getMasterWorkerModule());
     modules.add(coreSecurityModule);
-    modules.add(new MessagingServiceModule(cConf));
+    modules.add(new TaskWorkerMessagingClientModule(cConf));
     modules.add(new SystemAppModule());
     modules.add(new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules());
     modules.add(new AuditLogWriterModule(cConf).getDistributedModules());

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/DatasetOpExecutorServerTwillRunnable.java

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.metadata.MetadataConsumerSubscriberService;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.appender.LogAppenderInitializer;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.MetadataService;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.MetadataServiceModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metadata.MetadataSubscriberService;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static Injector createInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf, String
         new ZkClientModule(),
         new ZkDiscoveryModule(),
         new KafkaClientModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules(),
         new DFSLocationModule(),
         new NamespaceQueryAdminModule(),

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/LogSaverTwillRunnable.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.DistributedLogFrameworkModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.service.LogSaverStatusService;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.authorization.AuthorizationEnforcementModule;
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static Injector createGuiceInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf,
         new AuditModule(),
         new AuthorizationEnforcementModule().getDistributedModules(),
         new AuthenticationContextModules().getMasterModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new NoOpAuditLogModule(),
         new AbstractModule() {
           @Override

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/MasterServiceMain.java

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.appender.LogAppenderInitializer;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.startup.ServiceResourceKeys;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsStoreModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.operations.OperationalStatsService;
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ protected void configure() {
         new DataSetsModules().getDistributedModules(),
         new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules(),
         new MetricsStoreModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new AuditModule(),
         new AuditLogWriterModule(cConf).getDistributedModules(),
         CoreSecurityRuntimeModule.getDistributedModule(cConf),

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/MetricsProcessorTwillRunnable.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.data2.audit.AuditModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.appender.LogAppenderInitializer;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsProcessorStatusServiceModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsStoreModule;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static Injector createGuiceInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf, S
         new ZkClientModule(),
         new ZkDiscoveryModule(),
         new KafkaClientModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules(),
         new MetricsStoreModule(),
         new KafkaLogAppenderModule(),

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/MetricsTwillRunnable.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.LogQueryRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.LogReaderRuntimeModules;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.service.LogQueryService;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsHandlerModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsStoreModule;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static Injector createGuiceInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf,
         new ZkClientModule(),
         new ZkDiscoveryModule(),
         new KafkaClientModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new DataFabricModules(txClientId).getDistributedModules(),
         new DataSetsModules().getDistributedModules(),
         // For the injection of DatasetDefinition of MetricsTable directly

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/runtime/main/TransactionServiceTwillRunnable.java

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.data2.audit.AuditModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.appender.LogAppenderInitializer;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.NamespaceId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ static Injector createGuiceInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf,
         new ZkClientModule(),
         new ZkDiscoveryModule(),
         new KafkaClientModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new DataFabricModules(txClientId).getDistributedModules(),
         new DataSetsModules().getDistributedModules(),
         new SystemDatasetRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules(),

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/data/tools/JobQueueDebugger.java

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.api.dataset.lib.CloseableIterator;
 import io.cdap.cdap.api.schedule.Trigger;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AppFabricServiceRuntimeModule;
-import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AppFabricServiceRuntimeModule.ServiceType;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.AuthorizationModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.ProgramRunnerRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.app.guice.TwillModule;
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.internal.schedule.constraint.Constraint;
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.guice.KafkaLogAppenderModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.data.MessageId;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsStoreModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.spi.data.transaction.TransactionRunner;
 import io.cdap.cdap.spi.data.transaction.TransactionRunners;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.BasicParser;
@@ -361,7 +359,7 @@ private static Injector createInjector() throws Exception {
         new AuthorizationModule(),
         new AuthorizationEnforcementModule().getMasterModule(),
         new SecureStoreServerModule(),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new AbstractModule() {
           @Override
           protected void configure() {

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/master/environment/k8s/PreviewServiceMain.java

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.guice.SecureStoreClientModule;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -124,9 +123,9 @@ protected void configure() {
     ));
 
     if (cConf.getInt(Constants.Preview.CONTAINER_COUNT) > 0) {
-      modules.add(new PreviewManagerModule(true));
+      modules.add(new PreviewManagerModule(cConf, true));
     } else {
-      modules.add(new PreviewManagerModule(false));
+      modules.add(new PreviewManagerModule(cConf, false));
       modules.add(new PreviewRunnerManagerModule().getStandaloneModules());
     }
 

cdap-master/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/master/environment/k8s/TetheringAgentServiceMain.java

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.logging.gateway.handlers.ProgramRunRecordFetcher;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironment;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironmentContext;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.NamespaceId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.authorization.AuthorizationEnforcementModule;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ protected List<Module> getServiceModules(MasterEnvironment masterEnv,
         RemoteAuthenticatorModules.getDefaultModule(
             TetheringAgentService.REMOTE_TETHERING_AUTHENTICATOR,
             Constants.Tethering.CLIENT_AUTHENTICATOR_NAME),
-        new MessagingClientModule(),
+        new DefaultMessagingClientModule(),
         new NamespaceQueryAdminModule(),
         getDataFabricModule(),
         // Always use local table implementations, which use LevelDB.

cdap-master/src/test/java/io/cdap/cdap/master/environment/k8s/MessagingServiceMainTest.java

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.common.internal.remote.RemoteClientFactory;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.DefaultMessageFetchRequest;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.DefaultTopicMetadata;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.spi.MessagingService;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.client.ClientMessagingService;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.client.DefaultClientMessagingService;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.client.StoreRequestBuilder;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.spi.MessagingService;
 import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.spi.RawMessage;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.NamespaceId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.TopicId;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public void testMessagingService() throws Exception {
 
     // Use a separate TMS client to create topic, then publish and then poll some messages
     TopicId topicId = NamespaceId.SYSTEM.topic("test");
-    MessagingService messagingService = new ClientMessagingService(remoteClientFactory, true);
+    MessagingService messagingService = new DefaultClientMessagingService(remoteClientFactory, true);
     messagingService.createTopic(new DefaultTopicMetadata(topicId));
 
     // Publish 10 messages

cdap-spark-core-base/src/main/java/io/cdap/cdap/app/runtime/spark/distributed/k8s/SparkContainerDriverLauncher.java

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.environment.MasterEnvironments;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironment;
 import io.cdap.cdap.master.spi.environment.MasterEnvironmentContext;
-import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.MessagingClientModule;
+import io.cdap.cdap.messaging.guice.client.DefaultMessagingClientModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.metrics.guice.MetricsClientRuntimeModule;
 import io.cdap.cdap.proto.id.ProgramId;
 import io.cdap.cdap.security.auth.context.AuthenticationContextModules;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ static Injector createInjector(CConfiguration cConf, Configuration hConf, Master
     modules.add(new IOModule());
     modules.add(new AuthenticationContextModules().getMasterWorkerModule());
     modules.add(coreSecurityModule);
-    modules.add(new MessagingClientModule());
+    modules.add(new DefaultMessagingClientModule());
     modules.add(new MetricsClientRuntimeModule().getDistributedModules());
     //Need for guice binding, but No Audit Log action required.
     modules.add(new NoOpAuditLogModule());