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# Glossary and Anti-Glossary | ||
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This document provides definitions and explanations for terms used throughout the project, as well as a list of terms | ||
that should not be used. | ||
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## Table of Contents | ||
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- [Glossary](#glossary) | ||
- [Storage User](#storage-user) | ||
- [Storage Provider](#storage-provider) | ||
- [Node](#node) | ||
- [Full Node](#full-node) | ||
- [Polkadot](#polkadot) | ||
- [Relay Chain](#relay-chain) | ||
- [Parachain](#parachain) | ||
- [System Parachain](#system-parachain) | ||
- [Actor](#actor) | ||
- [Collator](#collator) | ||
- [Collateral](#collateral) | ||
- [Slashing](#slashing) | ||
- [Staking](#staking) | ||
- [Slot Auction](#slot-auction) | ||
- [Crowdloan](#crowdloan) | ||
- [Anti-Glossary](#anti-glossary) | ||
- [Miner](#term-to-avoid-miner) | ||
- [Pledge](#term-to-avoid-pledge) | ||
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## Glossary | ||
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This section lists terms used throughout the project. | ||
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### Storage User | ||
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**_Aka Client:_** The user who initiates storage deals by providing data to be stored on the network by the [Storage | ||
Provider](#storage-provider). | ||
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### Storage Provider | ||
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The user who offers storage space on their devices to store data for others. | ||
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### Node | ||
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A device (computer) that participates in running the protocol software of a decentralized network; in other words, a | ||
participant of the blockchain network who runs it locally. | ||
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### Full Node | ||
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A device (computer) that fully downloads and stores the entire blockchain of the parachain, validating and relaying | ||
transactions and blocks within the network. It is one of the [node](#node) types. | ||
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### Polkadot | ||
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“Layer-0” blockchain platform designed to facilitate interoperability, scalability and security among different | ||
“Layer-1” blockchains, called [parachains](#parachain). | ||
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### Relay Chain | ||
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The Relay Chain in [Polkadot](#polkadot) is the central chain (blockchain) responsible for the network's shared | ||
security, consensus, and cross-chain interoperability. | ||
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### Parachain | ||
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A parachain is a specialized blockchain that runs in parallel to other parachains within a larger network, benefiting | ||
from shared security and interoperability, and can be validated by the validators of the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain). | ||
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### System Parachain | ||
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System-level chains move functionality from the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain) into [parachains](#parachain), minimizing | ||
the administrative use of the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain). For example, a governance [parachain](#parachain) could move | ||
all the [Polkadot](#polkadot) governance processes from the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain) into a [parachain](#parachain). | ||
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### Actor | ||
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In [Filecoin](https://docs.filecoin.io), an [actor](https://spec.filecoin.io/#section-glossary.actor) is an on-chain | ||
object with its own state and set of methods. | ||
[Actors](https://docs.filecoin.io/reference/built-in-actors#types-of-built-in-actors) define how | ||
the [Filecoin](https://docs.filecoin.io) network manages and updates global state. | ||
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### Collator | ||
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Collators maintain [parachains](#parachain) by collecting [parachain](#parachain) transactions from users and producing | ||
state transition proofs for [Relay Chain](#relay-chain) validators. In other words, collators maintain | ||
[parachains](#parachain) by aggregating [parachain](#parachain) transactions into [parachain](#parachain) block | ||
candidates and producing state transition proofs (Proof-of-Validity, PoV) for validators. They need to provide a | ||
financial commitment ([collateral](#collateral)) to ensure they are incentivized to perform their duties correctly and | ||
to dissuade malicious behavior. | ||
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### Collateral | ||
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Collaterals are assets that are locked up or deposited as a form of security to mitigate risks and ensure the | ||
performance of certain actions. Collateral acts as a guarantee that an individual will fulfill their obligations. | ||
Failing to meet obligations or behaving maliciously can result in the loss of staked assets or collateral as a penalty | ||
for non-compliance or misconduct by [slashing](#slashing). | ||
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### Slashing | ||
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The process of penalizing network participants, including validators, nominators, and collators, for various protocol | ||
violations. These violations could include producing invalid blocks, equivocation (double signing), or other malicious | ||
activities. As a result of slashing, participants may face a reduction in their [staked](#staking) funds or other | ||
penalties depending on the severity of the violation. | ||
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### Staking | ||
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Staking is the process where DOT holders lock up their tokens to support the network's security and operations. In | ||
return, they can earn rewards. There are two main roles involved in staking: | ||
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- **Validators**: Validators are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and securing the | ||
network. They are selected based on their stake and performance. Validators need to run a [node](#node) and have the | ||
technical capability to maintain it. | ||
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- **Nominators**: Nominators support the network by backing (nominating) validators they trust with their DOT tokens. | ||
Nominators share in the rewards earned by the validators they support. This allows DOT holders who don't want to run a | ||
validator node to still participate in the network's security and earn rewards. | ||
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Our parachain will use staking to back up the [collators](#collator) in a similar way as "Nominators" do. | ||
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### Slot Auction | ||
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To secure a [parachain](#parachain) slot, a project must win an auction by [pledging](#term-to-avoid-pledge) (locking | ||
up) a significant amount of DOT tokens. These tokens are used as [collateral](#collateral) to secure the slot for a | ||
specified period. Once the slot is secured, the project can launch and operate its [parachain](#parachain). | ||
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### Crowdloan | ||
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Projects can raise DOT tokens from the community through crowdloans. Participants pledge their DOT tokens to help the | ||
project win a parachain slot auction. If successful, the tokens are locked up for the duration of the parachain lease, | ||
and participants might receive rewards or tokens from the project in return. | ||
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## Anti-Glossary | ||
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This section lists terms that should not be used within the project, along with preferred alternatives. | ||
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### Term to Avoid: Miner | ||
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In [Filecoin](https://docs.filecoin.io), a "Lotus Miner" is responsible for storage-related operations, such as sealing | ||
sectors ([PoRep (Proof-of-Replication)](https://spec.filecoin.io/#section-algorithms.pos.porep)), proving storage | ||
([PoSt (Proof-of-Spacetime)](https://spec.filecoin.io/#section-algorithms.pos.post)), and participating in | ||
the [Filecoin](https://docs.filecoin.io/) network as a storage miner. | ||
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**Reason**: In the [Filecoin](https://docs.filecoin.io) network, the miner plays the roles of both | ||
[storage provider](#storage-provider) and block producer simultaneously. However, in the [Polkadot](#polkadot) | ||
ecosystem, this term cannot be used because there are no block producers in [parachains](#parachain); | ||
the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain) is responsible for block production. [Parachains](#parachain) can only prepare block | ||
candidates via the [Collator](#collator) node and pass them to the [Relay Chain](#relay-chain). | ||
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### Term to Avoid: Pledge | ||
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It's better to apply this term within its proper context rather than avoiding it altogether. It's easy to confuse it | ||
with [staking](#staking), but they have distinct meanings. | ||
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**Reason**: Pledging generally refers to locking up tokens as [collateral](#collateral) to participate in certain | ||
network activities or services like: [Parachain Slot Auctions](#slot-auction) and [Crowdloans](#crowdloan). |