Change into the directory containing the code which you want to run in the context of the container, and enter:
docker run -it -v $PWD:/vagrant -p 5000:5000/tcp -p 8000:8000/tcp -p 8080:8080/tcp helmuthb/fullstack-nanodegree
You will be inside a Ubuntu 16.04-based container, as user vagrant. The user has sudo-rights (password is vagrant as well).
Execute this command to create the template:
docker build -t udacity .
Change into the folder which should be added to the vagrant file. Execute the image interactively using:
docker run -v $PWD:/vagrant -p 5000:5000/tcp -p 8000:8000/tcp -p 8080:8080/tcp -it udacity