Retry backup uploads in onedrive

[zweckj]

Breaking change

Proposed change

Make OneDrive backups less prone to intermittent failures by adding a retry mechanism. For 5xx errors use an exponential backoff strategy. Also catch the correct TimeoutException from httpx.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes 2025.2.0b2 One Drive Automatic backup fails #136959
• This PR is related to issue:
• Link to documentation pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
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