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jasonkarns committed May 13, 2024
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# bats-mock

Mocking/stubbing library for BATS (Bash Automated Testing System)

## bats-core

There are great things happening in the `bats` ecosystem! Anyone actively using it should be installing from [bats-core][].
Mocking/stubbing library for [BATS (Bash Automated Testing System)][bats-core]

## Installation

Recommended installation is via git submodule. Assuming your project's bats
tests are in `test`:
### git

``` sh
The recommended installation is via git submodule.
Assuming your project's bats tests are in `test`:

```cli
git submodule add https://github.com/jasonkarns/bats-mock test/helpers/mocks
git commit -am 'added bats-mock module'
```

then in `test/test_helper.bash`:

``` bash
```bats
load helpers/mocks/stub
```

(Optionally configure sparse-checkout if you're concerned with all the non-essential files being in your repo)
> [!note]
> Consider using git's [sparse-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-sparse-checkout)
> if you're concerned with the non-essential files cluttering your repository.
### npm

Also available as an [npm module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bats-mock) if you're into that sort of thing.
Also available as an [npm module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bats-mock)
if you're into that sort of thing.

``` sh
```cli
npm install --save-dev bats-mock
```

then in `test/test_helper.bash`:

``` bash
```bats
load ../node_modules/bats-mock/stub
```

## Usage

After loading `bats-mock/stub` you have two new functions defined:

- `stub`: for creating new stubs, along with a plan with expected args and the results to return when called.

- `stub`: for creating new stubs,
along with a plan with expected args and the results to return when called.
- `unstub`: for cleaning up, and also verifying that the plan was fullfilled.

### Stubbing

The `stub` function takes a program name as its first argument, and any remaining arguments goes into the stub plan, one line per arg.
The `stub` function takes a program name as its first argument;
any remaining arguments go into the stub plan.

Each plan line represents an expected invocation, with a list of expected arguments followed by a command to execute in case the arguments matched, separated with a colon:
Each plan line represents an expected invocation:
a list of expected arguments followed by the command to execute,
separated with a colon.

arg1 arg2 ... : only_run if args matched
```text
arg1 arg2 ... : only_run if args matched
```

The expected args (and the colon) is optional.

So, in order to stub `date`, we could use something like this in a test case (where `format_date` is the function under test, relying on data from the `date` command):
So, in order to stub `date`,
we could use something like this in a test case
(where `format_date` is the function under test,
relying on data from the `date` command):

```bash
```bats
load helper

# this is the "code under test"
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}
```

This verifies that `format_date` indeed called `date` using the args defined in `${_DATE_ARGS}` (which can not be declared in the test-case with local), and made proper use of the output of it.
This verifies that `format_date` indeed called `date`
using the args defined in `${_DATE_ARGS}`
(which can not be declared in the test-case with local),
and made proper use of the output of it.

The plan is verified, one by one, as the calls come in, but the final check that there are no remaining un-met plans at the end is left until the stub is removed with `unstub`.
The plan is verified, one by one, as the calls come in.
Finally, when the stub is removed with `unstub`,
there is a final check to ensure there are no remaining un-met plans
(which would indicated an expected invocation that did not occur).

### Unstubbing

Once the test case is done, you should call `unstub <program>` in order to clean up the temporary files, and make a final check that all the plans have been met for the stub.
Once the test case is done,
you should call `unstub <program>` in order to clean up the temporary files,
and make a final check that all the plans have been met for the stub.

## How it works

(You may want to know this, if you get weird results there may be stray files lingering about messing with your state.)

Under the covers, `bats-mock` uses three scripts to manage the stubbed programs/functions.

First, it is the command (or program) itself, which when the stub is created is placed in (or rather, the `binstub` script is sym-linked to) `${BATS_MOCK_BINDIR}/${program}` (which is added to your `PATH` when loading the stub library). Secondly, it creates a stub plan, based on the arguments passed when creating the stub, and finally, during execution, the command invocations are tracked in a stub run file which is checked once the command is `unstub`'ed. The `${program}-stub-[plan|run]` files are both in `${BATS_MOCK_TMPDIR}`.
First, it is the command (or program) itself,
which when the stub is created is placed in
(or rather, the `binstub` script is sym-linked to)
`${BATS_MOCK_BINDIR}/${program}`
(which is added to your `PATH` when loading the stub library).
Secondly, it creates a stub plan,
based on the arguments passed when creating the stub.
And finally, during execution, the command invocations are
tracked in a stub run file which is checked once the command is `unstub`'ed.
The `${program}-stub-[plan|run]` files are both in `${BATS_MOCK_TMPDIR}`.

### Caveat

If you stub functions, make sure to unset them, or the stub script wan't be called, as the function will shadow the binstub script on the `PATH`.
If you stub functions, make sure to unset them,
or the stub script wan't be called,
as the function will shadow the binstub script on the `PATH`.

## Credits

Extracted from the [ruby-build][] test suite. Many thanks to its author and contributors: [Sam Stephenson][sstephenson] and [Mislav Marohnić][mislav].
Extracted from the [ruby-build][] test suite.
Many thanks to its author and contributors:
[Sam Stephenson][sstephenson] and [Mislav Marohnić][mislav].

[ruby-build]: https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build
[sstephenson]: https://github.com/sstephenson
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