Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5863

Job	Run time
copyright_headers	16s
clang-format	20s
cppcheck	7m 47s
no-crlf	17s
pre-commit-hooks	1m 2s
rstcheck	28s
shellcheck	17s
black	32s
vale	42s
flake8	23s
forbidden_types	15s
isort	14s
lychee_IGNORED	25s
mypy	42s
pydocstyle	32s
pylint	37s
unused_names	16s
sphinx-rtd	3m 46s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	11m 53s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	14m 8s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	19m 58s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	20m 41s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	31m 54s
	1h 57m 25s

Provide feedback