[WIP] HVDC AC emulation outerloop

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/AbstractAcOuterLoopConfig.java

@@ -112,6 +112,13 @@ protected static Optional<AcOuterLoop> createPhaseControlOuterLoop(LoadFlowParam
         return createPhaseControlOuterLoop(parameters, parametersExt.getPhaseShifterControlMode());
     }
 
+    protected static Optional<AcOuterLoop> createAcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop(LoadFlowParameters parameters) {
+        if (parameters.isHvdcAcEmulation()) {
+            return Optional.of(new AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop());
+        }
+        return Optional.empty();
+    }
+
     protected static Optional<AcOuterLoop> createAutomationSystemOuterLoop(OpenLoadFlowParameters parametersExt) {
         if (parametersExt.isSimulateAutomationSystems()) {
             return Optional.of(new AutomationSystemOuterLoop());

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/DefaultAcOuterLoopConfig.java

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ public List<AcOuterLoop> configure(LoadFlowParameters parameters, OpenLoadFlowPa
         List<AcOuterLoop> outerLoops = new ArrayList<>(5);
         // primary frequency control
         createDistributedSlackOuterLoop(parameters, parametersExt).ifPresent(outerLoops::add);
+        // AC emulation
+        createAcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop(parameters).ifPresent(outerLoops::add);
         // secondary voltage control
         createSecondaryVoltageControlOuterLoop(parametersExt).ifPresent(outerLoops::add);
         // primary voltage control

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ExplicitAcOuterLoopConfig.java

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ public class ExplicitAcOuterLoopConfig extends AbstractAcOuterLoopConfig {
                                                      SimpleTransformerVoltageControlOuterLoop.NAME,
                                                      TransformerVoltageControlOuterLoop.NAME,
                                                      AutomationSystemOuterLoop.NAME,
-                                                     IncrementalTransformerReactivePowerControlOuterLoop.NAME);
+                                                     IncrementalTransformerReactivePowerControlOuterLoop.NAME,
+                                                     AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop.NAME);
 
     private static Optional<AcOuterLoop> createOuterLoop(String name, LoadFlowParameters parameters, OpenLoadFlowParameters parametersExt) {
         return switch (name) {
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ private static Optional<AcOuterLoop> createOuterLoop(String name, LoadFlowParame
                                                                                                      parametersExt.getGeneratorVoltageControlMinNominalVoltage());
             case AutomationSystemOuterLoop.NAME -> createAutomationSystemOuterLoop(parametersExt);
             case IncrementalTransformerReactivePowerControlOuterLoop.NAME -> createTransformerReactivePowerControlOuterLoop(parametersExt);
+            case AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop.NAME -> createAcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop(parameters);
             default -> throw new PowsyblException("Unknown outer loop '" + name + "'");
         };
     }

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm.java

@@ -43,29 +43,18 @@ protected AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus
         ph1Var = variableSet.getVariable(bus1.getNum(), AcVariableType.BUS_PHI);
         ph2Var = variableSet.getVariable(bus2.getNum(), AcVariableType.BUS_PHI);
         variables = List.of(ph1Var, ph2Var);
-        k = hvdc.getDroop() * 180 / Math.PI;
-        p0 = hvdc.getP0();
+        k = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl().getDroop() * 180 / Math.PI;
+        p0 = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl().getP0();
         lossFactor1 = hvdc.getConverterStation1().getLossFactor() / 100;
         lossFactor2 = hvdc.getConverterStation2().getLossFactor() / 100;
-        pMaxFromCS1toCS2 = hvdc.getPMaxFromCS1toCS2();
-        pMaxFromCS2toCS1 = hvdc.getPMaxFromCS2toCS1();
+        pMaxFromCS1toCS2 = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl().getPMaxFromCS1toCS2();
+        pMaxFromCS2toCS1 = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl().getPMaxFromCS2toCS1();
     }
 
     protected double rawP(double p0, double k, double ph1, double ph2) {
         return p0 + k * (ph1 - ph2);
     }
 
-    protected double boundedP(double rawP) {
-        // If there is a maximal active power
-        // it is applied at the entry of the controller VSC station
-        // on the AC side of the network.
-        if (rawP >= 0) {
-            return Math.min(rawP, pMaxFromCS1toCS2);
-        } else {
-            return Math.max(rawP, -pMaxFromCS2toCS1);
-        }
-    }
-
     protected double ph1() {
         return sv.get(ph1Var.getRow());
     }

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 package com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations;
 
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.TwoSides;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.Variable;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.VariableSet;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.network.LfBus;
@@ -23,31 +24,29 @@ public HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus
         super(hvdc, bus1, bus2, variableSet);
     }
 
-    private double p1(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        double rawP = rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
-        double boundedP = boundedP(rawP);
-        return (isController(rawP) ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier()) * boundedP;
-    }
-
-    private static boolean isController(double rawP) {
-        return rawP >= 0;
+    private double getSide1LossMultiplier() {
+        return element.getAcEmulationControl().getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.ONE ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier();
     }
 
-    private boolean isInOperatingRange(double rawP) {
-        return rawP < pMaxFromCS1toCS2 && rawP > -pMaxFromCS2toCS1;
+    private double p1(double ph1, double ph2) {
+        double boundedP = switch (element.getAcEmulationControl().getAcEmulationStatus()) {
+            case FREE -> rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
+            case BOUNDED -> element.getAcEmulationControl().getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.ONE ? pMaxFromCS1toCS2 : -pMaxFromCS2toCS1;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+        return getSide1LossMultiplier() * boundedP;
     }
 
-    protected double dp1dph1(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        double rawP = rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
-        if (isInOperatingRange(rawP)) {
-            return (isController(rawP) ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier()) * k;
+    protected double dp1dph1() {
+        if (element.getAcEmulationControl().getAcEmulationStatus() == LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.FREE) {
+            return getSide1LossMultiplier() * k;
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    protected double dp1dph2(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        return -dp1dph1(ph1, ph2);
+    protected double dp1dph2() {
+        return -dp1dph1();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -59,9 +58,9 @@ public double eval() {
     public double der(Variable<AcVariableType> variable) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(variable);
         if (variable.equals(ph1Var)) {
-            return dp1dph1(ph1(), ph2());
+            return dp1dph1();
         } else if (variable.equals(ph2Var)) {
-            return dp1dph2(ph1(), ph2());
+            return dp1dph2();
         } else {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown variable: " + variable);
         }

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 package com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations;
 
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.TwoSides;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.Variable;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.VariableSet;
 import com.powsybl.openloadflow.network.LfBus;
@@ -23,31 +24,29 @@ public HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus
         super(hvdc, bus1, bus2, variableSet);
     }
 
-    private double p2(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        double rawP = rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
-        double boundedP = boundedP(rawP);
-        return -(isController(rawP) ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier()) * boundedP;
-    }
-
-    private boolean isController(double rawP) {
-        return rawP < 0;
+    private double getSide2LossMultiplier() {
+        return element.getAcEmulationControl().getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.TWO ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier();
     }
 
-    private boolean isInOperatingRange(double rawP) {
-        return rawP < pMaxFromCS2toCS1 && rawP > -pMaxFromCS1toCS2;
+    private double p2(double ph1, double ph2) {
+        double boundedP = switch (element.getAcEmulationControl().getAcEmulationStatus()) {
+            case FREE -> -rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
+            case BOUNDED -> element.getAcEmulationControl().getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.TWO ? pMaxFromCS2toCS1 : -pMaxFromCS1toCS2;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+        return getSide2LossMultiplier() * boundedP;
     }
 
-    private double dp2dph1(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        double rawP = rawP(p0, k, ph1, ph2);
-        if (isInOperatingRange(rawP)) {
-            return -(isController(rawP) ? 1 : getVscLossMultiplier()) * k;
+    private double dp2dph1() {
+        if (element.getAcEmulationControl().getAcEmulationStatus() == LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.FREE) {
+            return -getSide2LossMultiplier() * k;
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    private double dp2dph2(double ph1, double ph2) {
-        return -dp2dph1(ph1, ph2);
+    private double dp2dph2() {
+        return -dp2dph1();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -59,9 +58,9 @@ public double eval() {
     public double der(Variable<AcVariableType> variable) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(variable);
         if (variable.equals(ph1Var)) {
-            return dp2dph1(ph1(), ph2());
+            return dp2dph1();
         } else if (variable.equals(ph2Var)) {
-            return dp2dph2(ph1(), ph2());
+            return dp2dph2();
         } else {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown variable: " + variable);
         }

src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/outerloop/AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop.java

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, Coreso SA (https://www.coreso.eu/) and TSCNET Services GmbH (https://www.tscnet.eu/)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.outerloop;
+
+import com.powsybl.commons.report.ReportNode;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.TwoSides;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.AcLoadFlowContext;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.AcLoadFlowParameters;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.AcOuterLoopContext;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcEquationType;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcVariableType;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.lf.outerloop.AbstractHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.lf.outerloop.OuterLoopResult;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.lf.outerloop.OuterLoopStatus;
+import com.powsybl.openloadflow.network.LfHvdc;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * @author Hadrien Godard {@literal <hadrien.godard at artelys.com>}
+ */
+public class AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop
+        extends AbstractHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop<AcVariableType, AcEquationType, AcLoadFlowParameters, AcLoadFlowContext, AcOuterLoopContext>
+        implements AcOuterLoop {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AcHvdcAcEmulationOuterLoop.class);
+    public static final String NAME = "AcHvdcAcEmulation";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return NAME;
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkFeedingSide(LfHvdc hvdc, ContextData contextData) {
+        String hvdcId = hvdc.getId();
+        LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl acEmulationControl = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl();
+
+        if (acEmulationControl.getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.ONE) {
+            if (hvdc.getP1().eval() < 0) {
+                // Switch feeding side
+                LOGGER.trace("Switching feeding side from One to Two for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                contextData.incrementFeedingSideSwitchCount(hvdcId);
+                hvdc.updateFeedingSide(TwoSides.TWO);
+                if (contextData.getFeedingSideSwitchCount(hvdcId) == MAX_FEEDING_SIDE_SWITCH) {
+                    LOGGER.debug("Two many feeding side switches (flow blocked to 0 MW) for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.NULL);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (hvdc.getP2().eval() < 0) {
+                // Switch feeding side
+                LOGGER.trace("Switching feeding side from Two to One for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                contextData.incrementFeedingSideSwitchCount(hvdcId);
+                hvdc.updateFeedingSide(TwoSides.ONE);
+                if (contextData.getFeedingSideSwitchCount(hvdcId) == MAX_FEEDING_SIDE_SWITCH) {
+                    LOGGER.debug("Two many feeding side switches (flow blocked to 0 MW) for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.NULL);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkMode(LfHvdc hvdc, ContextData contextData) {
+        String hvdcId = hvdc.getId();
+        LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl acEmulationControl = hvdc.getAcEmulationControl();
+
+        // Check for mode switch between FREE and BOUNDED
+        if (acEmulationControl.getAcEmulationStatus() == LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.FREE) {
+            // Check Pmax
+            if (acEmulationControl.getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.ONE) {
+                if (hvdc.getP1().eval() > acEmulationControl.getPMaxFromCS1toCS2()) {
+                    // Switch mode
+                    LOGGER.trace("Bound Hvdc flow to Pmax from CS1 to CS2 for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    contextData.incrementModeSwitchCount(hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.BOUNDED);
+                    if (contextData.getModeSwitchCount(hvdcId) == MAX_MODE_SWITCH) {
+                        LOGGER.debug("Two many mode switches (flow blocked to Pmax from CS1 to CS2) for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (hvdc.getP2().eval() > acEmulationControl.getPMaxFromCS2toCS1()) {
+                    // Switch mode
+                    LOGGER.trace("Bound Hvdc flow to Pmax from CS2 to CS1 for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    contextData.incrementModeSwitchCount(hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.BOUNDED);
+                    if (contextData.getModeSwitchCount(hvdcId) == MAX_MODE_SWITCH) {
+                        LOGGER.debug("Two many mode switches (flow blocked to Pmax from CS2 to CS1) for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check for mode switch between BOUNDED and FREE
+        if (acEmulationControl.getAcEmulationStatus() == LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.BOUNDED) {
+            if (acEmulationControl.getFeedingSide() == TwoSides.ONE) {
+                if (computeRawP1(hvdc) < acEmulationControl.getPMaxFromCS1toCS2()) {
+                    // Switch mode
+                    LOGGER.trace("Set free the Ac Emulation mode for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.FREE);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (computeRawP2(hvdc) < acEmulationControl.getPMaxFromCS2toCS1()) {
+                    // Switch mode
+                    LOGGER.trace("Set free the Ac Emulation mode for Hvdc: {}", hvdcId);
+                    hvdc.updateAcEmulationStatus(LfHvdc.AcEmulationControl.AcEmulationStatus.FREE);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OuterLoopResult check(AcOuterLoopContext context, ReportNode reportNode) {
+        OuterLoopStatus status = OuterLoopStatus.STABLE;
+        ContextData contextData = (ContextData) context.getData();
+
+        for (LfHvdc hvdc : context.getNetwork().getHvdcs()) {
+            if (!hvdc.isAcEmulation() || hvdc.getBus1().isDisabled() || hvdc.getBus2().isDisabled() || hvdc.isDisabled()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            String hvdcId = hvdc.getId();
+            if (contextData.getFeedingSideSwitchCount(hvdcId) < MAX_FEEDING_SIDE_SWITCH && contextData.getModeSwitchCount(hvdcId) < MAX_MODE_SWITCH) {
+                // First check the feeding side
+                if (checkFeedingSide(hvdc, contextData)) {
+                    status = OuterLoopStatus.UNSTABLE;
+                }
+
+                // Second check for Pmax values
+                if (checkMode(hvdc, contextData)) {
+                    status = OuterLoopStatus.UNSTABLE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new OuterLoopResult(this, status);
+    }
+}