Move redundant dependency information to workspace Cargo.toml

[teor2345]

This PR unifies all dependency specifiers in subspace/Cargo.toml, rather than repeating the same base dependency information across 75+ crates.

Some information can not be unified:

• features that are different between crates (including when some crates use default features and some don't)
• optional dependencies

To get more dependencies to unify, this PR also:

• fixes missing local dependency version declarations
• upgrades a thiserror dependency from 1.0.64 to 2.0.0

After the automated unification using cargo autoinherit, some fixes are needed:

• renamed dependencies are not handled correctly, so they need manual fixes
• a small number of features are not unified correctly

Close #3397

Code contributor checklist:

• I have read, understood and followed contributing guide

[NingLin-P]

Nice work! thank you!

[vedhavyas]

Awesome! Thanks!

[vedhavyas]

Nit: would have preferred
frame-support = {workspace = true}

for consistency but not a blocker